hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treason Act 1746
The Treason Act 1746 (20 Geo. 2. c. 30) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The long title is "An Act for allowing Persons impeached of High Treason, whereby any Corruption of Blood may be made, or for Misprision of such Treason, to make their full Defence by Council."

The act commenced on 1 June 1747. It entitled anyone impeached by the House of Commons on a charge of high treason or misprision of treason to be defended by up to two "council learned in the law".

The whole act was repealed on 1 January 1968 for England and Wales by section 10(2) of, and part I of schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967. It was repealed for the rest of the United Kingdom on 18 July 1973 by section 1(1) of, and part V of schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Humbert Roque Versace
Captain Humbert Roque "Rocky" Versace (July 2, 1937 – September 26, 1965) was a United States Army officer of Puerto Rican–Italian descent who was posthumously awarded the United States' highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his heroic actions while a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. He was the first member of the U.S. Army to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions performed in Southeast Asia while in captivity.

Ranger School
The Ranger School is a 62-day United States Army small unit tactics and leadership course that develops functional skills directly related to units whose mission is to engage the enemy in close combat and direct fire battles. Ranger training was established in September 1950 at Fort Benning, Georgia. The Ranger course has changed little since its inception. Since 1995, it was an eight-week course divided into three phases. The 62 day course of instruction is divided into three phases: Darby Phase, Mountain Phase, and Swamp Phase.
Italian tuneup
Italian tuneup is a slang automotive term for attempting to restore engine performance by driving a car at high engine speed (rpm) and load.

The term originated from Italian mechanics in the 1950s using this practice to burn off carbon deposits from the spark plugs of sports cars.

The practice is sometimes used prior to emissions testing, particularly for diesel engines.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
New Caledonian triplefin
Helcogramma novaecaledoniae, known commonly as the New Caledonian triplefin, is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Helcogramma. It was described by Ronald Fricke in 1994. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it has been recorded from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands and Guadalcanal.

Loyalty Islands Province
Loyalty Islands Province (French: Province des îles Loyauté, pronounced [pʁɔvɛ̃s dez‿il lwajote]) is one of the three top-level administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia. It encompasses the Loyalty Islands (French: Îles Loyauté) archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, located northeast of the New Caledonian mainland of Grande Terre.

The provincial government seat is at Lifou. The Loyalty Islands are a collectivité territoriale of France. The province's 2019 population was approximately 18,353 inhabitants living on almost 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). The native inhabitants are Melanesians who speak various Kanak languages and Polynesians who speak the Fagauvea language.
Kotli Kamboan
Kotli Kamboan is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Shahkot, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Nakodar, 49 kilometres (30 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 191 kilometres (119 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Bolesław of Bytom
Bolesław of Bytom (1330 – c. 4 October 1355) was a duke of Koźle from 1347 and Duke of Bytom from 1352 to his death.

He was the second son of Duke Władysław of Bytom but the eldest by his second wife Ludgarda, daughter of Henry II the Lion, Prince of Mecklenburg and Lord of Stargard.

Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg
Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg, nicknamed the Lion (after 14 April 1266 – 21 January 1329 in Sternberg) was regent of Mecklenburg from 1287 to 1298, co-regent from 1298 to 1302 and ruled alone again from 1302 to 1329.
Mount Queets
Mount Queets is a 6,476-foot (1,974-metre) mountain summit located deep within Olympic National Park in Jefferson County of Washington state, United States. With a good eye and clear weather, the top of the mountain can be seen from the visitor center at Hurricane Ridge. The nearest higher peak is Mount Meany (6,695 ft), 0.8 mi (1.3 km) to the south. Due to heavy winter snowfalls, Mount Queets supports the Queets Glacier in a cirque on its north slope, despite its modest elevation. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the headwaters of both the Elwha River and Queets River. There are scrambling routes ranging from class YDS 2 via the North Ridge, class 3 via the ridge from Mt. Meany, and class 4 via the Queets Glacier.

Jefferson County, Washington
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,977. The county seat and only incorporated city is Port Townsend. The county is named for Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson County was formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory, and included the northern 4,854-square-mile (12,571.8 km2) portion of the Olympic Peninsula. On April 26, 1854, the legislature of Washington Territory created Clallam County from the northwestern 2,670-square-mile (6,915.3 km2) portion of this original area.

The Hood Canal Bridge connects Jefferson County to Kitsap County, Washington. The Coupeville-Port Townsend route of the Washington State Ferries connects the county to Whidbey Island in Island County, Washington.
Shyriaieve Raion
Shyriaieve Raion (Ukrainian: Ширяївський район) was a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Shyriaieve. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Shyriaieve Raion was merged into Berezivka Raion. According to the 2001 census, the majority of the population of the Şîreaieve district spoke Ukrainian (91.13%), with Romanian (4.3%) and Russian (3.62%) speakers in the minority. The last estimate of the raion population was  26,325 (2020 est.).

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Transport in Niger
Transport in Niger primarily consists of roads, most of which are unpaved. The state runs one long distance coach service, while other long distance and local routes are run by private companies, using a variety of vehicles. Most Nigeriens do not own vehicles. Roads are also commonly used by animals pulling wagons.

Niger has no operating railways within the country, although Niger uses railway lines in Togo and Benin to transport goods from sea ports further inland. There are multiple railway stations within the country, but none are currently operational. There is a proposal to build a rail connection to Nigeria.

Niger has several airports, but only two have regular commercial international flights.

Dosso, Niger
Dosso is a city in the south-west corner of Niger, lying approximately 130–140 kilometres (81–87 mi) south-east of the capital Niamey at the junction of the main routes to Zinder and Benin. The eighth-most populous town in Niger and the largest in Dosso Region, it had an official population during the 2001 census of 43,561. The population grew to 58,671 in the 2012 census. It is the capital of its region - which covers five departments in the southwestern corner of the nation - as well as of its own department, Dosso Department. The city itself lies at the centre of its own Urban Commune.
German submarine U-333
German submarine U-333 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 11 March 1940 at the Nordseewerke yard at Emden, launched on 14 June 1941, and commissioned on 25 August 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Peter-Erich Cremer. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, on 1 January 1942 U-333 was transferred to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla based at La Pallice for front-line service.

The U-boat made 12 combat patrols in the next three years, and sank seven merchant ships totalling 32,107 gross register tons (GRT), damaged another of 8,327 GRT, and also engaged and damaged the Flower-class corvette HMS Crocus. U-333 was sunk in the English Channel by British warships using a Squid on 31 July 1944.

U-333 bore the "three little fishes" emblem on its conning tower.

5th U-boat Flotilla
The 5th U-boat Flotilla (German 5. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat UB-116 was sunk by a mine. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1940 and the boats were all transferred to 1st Flotilla.

The flotilla was re-formed as "5th U-boat Flotilla" in June 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinz Moehle as a training flotilla with her base in Kiel. In 1946 Moehle was sentenced to five years in prison, after being found guilty of passing the Laconia Order to new U-boat commanders before they went out on patrol. He was released in November 1949.
Tanzania–Burundi Standard Gauge Railway
The Tanzania–Burundi Standard Gauge Railway is a planned electrified railway line connecting the Tanzanian Standard Gauge Railway with the planned railway network of Burundi. It will link the town of Uvinza in western Tanzania to the capital of Burundi, Gitega, via the border town of Musongati. Through the Tanzanian railway network, the planned line will provide Burundi with a rail link to the Indian Ocean. The project is the first phase of the proposed Tanzania–Burundi–DR Congo Standard Gauge Railway. Feasibility studies for the extension via Bujumbura and Uvira to Kindu are currently underway.

Kindu
Kindu is a city in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital of Maniema province. It has a population of about 200,000 and is situated on the Lualaba River at an altitude of about 500 metres, and is about 400 km west of Bukavu.

Kindu is linked by rail to the mining areas of Kalemie, Kamina and Kananga to the south. It also has an airport with a 2,200 metre runway and has historically been an important port along the Congo River system.
Glyph Lefkowitz
Glyph Lefkowitz is an American open-source software programmer and creator of the Twisted network programming framework for Python. His work on asynchronous programming techniques influenced the core Python language, as well as the JavaScript Promises ecosystem, through Dojo and Mochikit.

He is a frequent speaker at developer conferences and was elected a fellow of the Python Software Foundation (PSF) in 2009.

Between 2009 and 2013, he was one of the primary contributors of Apple's Calendar and Contacts Server (CCS) software.

In 2017, the PSF awarded Lefkowitz their Community Service Award for his influence on the direction of the Python language and community, including his role in pioneering asynchronous programming models.

Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple, based on macOS. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and iOS-based devices, network services such as a mail transfer agent, AFP and SMB servers, an LDAP server, and a domain name server, as well as server applications including a Web server, database, and calendar server.

Starting with OS X Lion, Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as OS X Server (and later macOS Server), which was sold through the Mac App Store. The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, Xsan, and mobile device management through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.
Crossed Swords II
Crossed Swords II is a hack and slash action role-playing video game developed and published by ADK exclusively for the Neo Geo CD in Japan on May 2, 1995. The sequel to the original Crossed Swords, It is one of the few exclusive titles to be released for the console, as it was never officially released for either Neo Geo MVS (arcade) and Neo Geo AES (home) platforms.

Taking place several decades after the events of the original game, the story follows a crew of three adventurers on a journey across the kingdom of Belkana to slay the returning demon warlord Nausizz, whose castle rises from hell once again and his servants are threatening to conquer the land by bringing chaos and destruction with his reign.

Reign
A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Andorra), of a people (e.g., the Franks, the Zulus) or of a spiritual community (e.g., Catholicism, Tibetan Buddhism, Nizari Ismailism). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies (e.g., Holy Roman Empire) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed.

In elective monarchies, there may be a fixed period of time for the duration of the monarch's tenure in office (e.g., Malaysia).

The term of a reign can be indicated with the abbreviation "r." (for Latin rexit) after a sovereign's name, such as the following:

George VI, King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (r. 1936–1952).
Tule Desert (Nevada)
The Tule Desert is located in southeastern Nevada in Lincoln County, near the Utah state line. The desert lies northeast of the Mormon Mountains, south of the Clover Mountains and west of the Tule Springs Hills.

The desert descends from an elevation of around 4,300 feet (1,300 m) on the foothills of the Clover Mountains west of Lime Mountain to around 3,000 feet (910 m) about 17 miles (27 km) to the south-southeast at the narrow Toquop Gap between the East Mormon Mountains and the Tule Springs Hills.

A number of washes drain the desert in a generally north–south direction. The Tule Desert Well lies west of Jumbled Mountain at the south end of the Tule Springs Hills.

Access is via a county road east from Lyman Crossing along the Union Pacific railroad line between Carp and Elgin in Meadow Valley Wash. The road continues on to the south between the Mormon and East Mormon mountains to connect with Interstate 15 in Nevada at exit 100 west of Mesquite in Clark County.

Elgin, Nevada
Elgin /ˈɛldʒɪn/ is a ghost town located between Caliente and Carp, Nevada on the eastern banks of the Meadow Valley Wash off of Nevada State Route 317.

The first settlement at Elgin was made in 1882. A post office was established at Elgin in 1913, and remained in operation until 1966.

The population was 60 in 1940.

A former railroad town, it is now the location of the Elgin Schoolhouse State Historic Site, a one-room schoolhouse museum which is open by appointment.  There is an apple orchard nearby.
Conor Hazard
Conor William Hazard (born 5 March 1998) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL League One club Plymouth Argyle and the Northern Ireland national team.

He previously played for Celtic, where he was part of the team that won the 2020 Scottish Cup final, and spent time out on loan at Falkirk, Partick Thistle, Dundee (on two separate spells) and Finnish side HJK Helsinki, with whom he won the 2022 Veikkausliiga and played in the UEFA Europa League.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Eyre River (Western Australia)
The Eyre River is a river in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the river rise below Blackboy Hill approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Wellstead. The river flows in a south-easterly direction and discharges into Cheynes Inlet and on to the Southern Ocean.

The river was named in 1850 by the explorer Francis Thomas Gregory after the explorer John Eyre, who crossed it in 1841 on his expedition from Adelaide to Albany.

Edward John Eyre
Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 – 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent, colonial administrator, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand's New Munster province, and Governor of Jamaica.
Zigmas Jukna
Zigmas Pranciškus Jukna (13 July 1935 – 7 October 1980) was a Lithuanian rower. He competed for the Soviet Union at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics, and finished in second, fifth and third place in the coxed pairs, eights and eights events, respectively. Between 1961 and 1969 he won three gold and five silver medals at European and world championships. Starting from 1971 he worked as a judge with the International Rowing Federation.

In 1962, Jukna graduated from the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences. He was married to Irena Jukna, also a competitive rower; they had a son. In the late 1970s Jukna was diagnosed with a brain tumor and died in 1980 after two operations.

Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy
Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Švietimo akademija or VDU ŠA) – an academical unit of Vytautas Magnus University, which specialized in preparing school teachers and other educators. Located in Vilnius and Kaunas, Lithuania.
Hirotaka Tamura
Hirotaka Tamura is an electrical engineer at Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. in Kawasaki, Japan. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to technology for high speed interconnects.

Nvidia BR02
Nvidia's BR02 "High Speed Interconnect" ("HSI") chip was used in their early PCI Express graphics cards, where it acted as a bridge between the PCI Express connection to the computer and the natively AGP GPU. This allowed Nvidia to release a PCI Express graphics card without redesigning the graphics card's GPU for the new interface. It was introduced in 2004.

Nvidia has also developed an HSI chip which works in the opposite direction, allowing natively PCI Express GPUs to be used in graphics cards released for the AGP interface.

This chip is no longer used on modern Nvidia GPUs due to the obsolescence of the AGP standard.
Prees railway station
Prees railway station serves the village of Prees in Shropshire, England, although the station is a mile to the west of the village and in the parish of Wem Rural. The station is 18 miles 36 chains (29.7 km) from Crewe South Junction (approximately 14.0 mi (22.5 km) north of Shrewsbury) on the Welsh Marches Line.  It was opened by the Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway in 1858.

The station has two platforms and trains only stop here upon request.  It is managed by Transport for Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
Stapelia leendertziae
Stapelia leendertziae, commonly known as black bells, is a species of succulent plant in the family Apocynaceae that is native to Southern Africa. Other common names include, carrion flower, carrion chalice, rugose cup starfish, maroon cup starfish and star flower.

Carrion flower
Carrion flowers, also known as beautiful flowers or stinking flowers, are mimetic flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. Apart from the scent, carrion flowers often display additional characteristics that contribute to the mimesis of a decaying corpse. These include their specific coloration (red, purple, brown), the presence of setae, and orifice-like flower architecture. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen.