hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confessions of a Thug (novel)
Confessions of a Thug is an English novel written by Philip Meadows Taylor in 1839 based on the Thuggee cult in India. It was a best-seller in 19th-century Britain, becoming the British Empire's most sensational ethnographic fiction in the first half of the 19th century; its avid readers included Queen Victoria. It was one of the best-selling crime novels of the 19th century, and was the most influential novel about India prior to Rudyard Kipling's Kim (1901). The novel's popularity established the word "thug" in the English language.

Kim (novel)
Kim is a picaresque novel by English author Rudyard Kipling. It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901. The novel is notable for its detailed portrait of the people, culture, and varied religions of India: "The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road." The story unfolds against the backdrop of the Great Game, the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia. The novel popularized the phrase and idea of the Great Game.
Who Put the M in Manchester?
Who Put the M in Manchester? is a DVD documenting a live performance by Morrissey. The homecoming concert took place at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, England, on 22 May 2004, Morrissey's 45th birthday. The DVD was certified Gold by the BPI on 22 July 2013.

Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena (currently known as AO Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena in Manchester, England, immediately north of the city centre and partly above Manchester Victoria railway station in air rights space. With a capacity of 21,000 it is the second largest indoor arena in the UK after Co-op Live and fifth largest in Europe.

The arena is one of the world's busiest indoor arenas, hosting music and sporting events such as boxing and swimming. The arena was a key part of Manchester's bids to host the Olympic Games in 1996 and 2000 and was eventually used for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

On 22 May 2017, the arena's foyer was the scene of a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber, in which 22 people were killed and over 500 others injured following an Ariana Grande concert.
Hartley transform
In mathematics, the Hartley transform (HT) is an integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform (FT), but which transforms real-valued functions to real-valued functions. It was proposed as an alternative to the Fourier transform by Ralph V. L. Hartley in 1942, and is one of many known Fourier-related transforms. Compared to the Fourier transform, the Hartley transform has the advantages of transforming real functions to real functions (as opposed to requiring complex numbers) and of being its own inverse.

The discrete version of the transform, the discrete Hartley transform (DHT), was introduced by Ronald N. Bracewell in 1983.

The two-dimensional Hartley transform can be computed by an analog optical process similar to an optical Fourier transform (OFT), with the proposed advantage that only its amplitude and sign need to be determined rather than its complex phase. However, optical Hartley transforms do not seem to have seen widespread use.

Proceedings of the IEEE
The Proceedings of the IEEE is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The journal focuses on electrical engineering and computer science. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 9.107, ranking it sixth in the category "Engineering, Electrical & Electronic." In 2018, it became fifth with an enhanced impact factor of 10.694.
School of Education and Social Services
Rosie M. Collins Sorrells School of Education and Social Services is a magnet secondary school located in Dallas, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Dallas Independent School District and is within the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center. In 2012, it was ranked 7th out of the top 10 high schools in North Texas by Children at Risk, a research and advocacy institute dedicated to helping children.

Dallas Independent School District
The Dallas Independent School District (Dallas ISD or DISD) is a school district based in Dallas, Texas, United States. It operates schools in much of Dallas County and is the second-largest school district in Texas and the seventeenth-largest in the United States. During the 1990s, the district branded itself as Dallas Public Schools (DPS).

As of 2017, the school district was rated "as having met the standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Ben DeBar
Benedict DeBar (1812–1877) was a prominent American actor-manager. He is associated with operating a major theater in St. Louis, and best known for portraying the role of Falstaff. He was also connected by marriage with the Booth family of actors.

Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Cape Girardeau (/dʒɪˈrɑːrdoʊ/ jirr-AR-doh, French: Cap-Girardeau [kap ʒiʁaʁdo] ⓘ; colloquially referred to as "Cape") is a city in Cape Girardeau and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 39,540 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th-largest city in the state. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area with 97,517 residents. Cape Girardeau is the economic center of southeastern Missouri and the home of Southeast Missouri State University. It is located approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of St. Louis and 150 miles (240 km) north of Memphis, Tennessee.
Yang Yichen
Yang Yichen is the name of:

Yang Yichen (Sui dynasty) (died 617), Sui dynasty general

Yang Yichen (politician), official of the People's Republic of China, Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

Yang Yichen (Sui dynasty)
Yang Yichen (Chinese: 楊義臣; died 617?), né Yuchi Yichen (尉遲義臣), was a general of the Chinese Sui dynasty. During the late reign of Emperor Yang, Yang Yichen was one of the few Sui generals having success against agrarian rebels, but in 616, Emperor Yang, unhappy about Yang Yichen's mounting influences, removed him from his military position, and thereafter the agrarian rebels went unchecked. Yang Yichen died soon afterwards.
Gracy
Gracy is a feminine given name. It is a spelling variant of Gracie which itself is derived from Grace. Unlike Gracie, its usage is particularly limited to India.

People with the name Gracy include:

Gracy (writer), Malayalam writer

Gracy Goswami (born 2003), Indian actress

Gracy Singh (born 1980), Indian actress

Gracy Ukala (born 1946), Nigerian writer, also known as Gracy Osifo

Gracy Singh
Gracy Singh (born 20 July 1980) is an Indian actress who primarily worked in Hindi and Telugu films. She is best known for her role in the films Lagaan (2001) and Munna Bhai M.B.B.S (2003). Singh is also a trained Bharatnatyam and Odissi dancer.
Howat
Howat is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Howat (1876–1945), Scottish-born American coal miner and labor leader

Billy Howat, Scottish curler

Cameron Howat (born 1985), Australian footballer

Clark Howat (1918–2009), American actor

Gerald Howat (1928–2007), British writer, historian and schoolmaster

Ian Howat (born 1958), Welsh footballer

John Howat (born 1970), Australian  footballer

Judy Howat MNZM (born 1935), New Zealand lawn bowler

Kirsty Howat (born 1997), Scottish footballer

Michael Howat (born 1958), English  cricketer

Nicola Howat (born 1997), Scottish rugby player

Roy Howat, Scottish pianist and musicologist

Rudolph Henderson Howat (1896–1957), Dean of Brechin

Judy Howat
Judith Heather Howat MNZM (née McLay; born 20 May 1935) is a former New Zealand international lawn bowler. She won a gold medal representing her country in the women's pairs at the 1990 Commonwealth Games, and was part of the New Zealand women's four that finished second at the 1992 World Outdoor Bowls Championship.
Noemi García Ramírez
Noemi García Ramírez is a professor and researcher with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies, Campus Monterrey. Her research work in biology and chemistry has been recognized by Mexico's Sistema Nacional de Investigadores with Level II membership.

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or simply Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico. It has expanded to include 35 campuses across 25 cities in the country and 22 liaison offices in 15 other countries.

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada, who was educated at MIT in the United States. Eugenio Garza Sada was an industrialist and philanthropist from Monterrey.

ITESM was the first university outside the U.S. to establish an internet connection in the Western Hemisphere, linking the University of Texas at San Antonio directly.
Los Gabriel: Cantan a México
Los Gabriel: Cantan a México (English The Gabriel: Sing to Mexico) is a compilation album by Mexican singers Ana Gabriel and Juan Gabriel. After the success of the romantic album Los Gabriel… Simplemente Amigos, edited in 2007, Sony BMG Latin presents one more collection of their hits in the regional Mexican genre.

Regional styles of Mexican music
Regional styles of Mexican music vary greatly from state to state. Norteño, banda, duranguense, Son mexicano and other Mexican country music genres are often known as regional Mexican music because each state produces different musical sounds and lyrics.
Done Too Soon
"Done Too Soon" is a song written, composed and performed by Neil Diamond, and released on his 1970 album Tap Root Manuscript. Listed as track 4 on side one of the album, it was jointly arranged by Marty Paich and Lee Holdridge and jointly produced by Diamond and Tom Catalano.

Tom Catalano
Tom Catalano (born April 2, 1933 in New York ) is an American record producer, most notable for his long-time collaboration with Neil Diamond.  He was the producer on Anne Murray's single "Sunday Sunrise" in 1975 and "The Call" and "Golden Oldie" in 1976. He also produced her album Together in 1975. Other artists whom Catalano has produced over the years include Helen Reddy, Rick Ely, Pat Hollis, Jane Olivor, Mary MacGregor, Bill Medley, Peggy Lee, Lenny Welch, Ruby and the Romantics and The Bold.
David McClelland
David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation need theory. He published a number of works between the 1950s and the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and its descendants.  McClelland is credited with developing Achievement Motivation Theory, commonly referred to as "need for achievement" or n-achievement theory. A Review of General Psychology survey published in 2002, ranked McClelland as the 15th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for general psychology. The journal publishes cross-disciplinary psychological articles that are conceptual, theoretical, and methodological in nature. Other aspects include the evaluation and integration of research literature and the providing of historical analysis. The journal was established in 1997. The editor-in-chief is Wade E. Pickren (Independent Scholar, USA) and Thomas Teo (York University, Canada).
David Cressy
David Cressy is a British-born historian and Humanities Distinguished Professor of History, formerly at The Ohio State University. His specialty is the social history of early modern England, a topic on which he has published a number of monographs including Birth, Marriage, and Death: Ritual, Religion, and the Life-Cycle in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford UP, 1997) and England on Edge: Crisis and Revolution, 1640–1642 (Oxford UP, 2006).

Cressy's work Gypsies: An English History (Oxford UP, 2018) has been described as "an accessible book, which gives us a sympathetic narrative of a people who are very much part of the English story."

Early modern Britain
Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and the collapse of the First British Empire.
Cessna 185 Skywagon
The Cessna 185 Skywagon is a six-seat, single-engined, general aviation light aircraft manufactured by Cessna.  It first flew as a prototype in July 1960, with the first production model completed in March 1961.  The Cessna 185 is a high-winged aircraft with non-retractable conventional landing gear and a tailwheel.

Over 4,400 were built with production ceasing in 1985. When Cessna re-introduced some of its most popular models in the 1990s, the tailwheel equipped Cessna 180 and 185 were not put back into production.

Peruvian Air Force
The Peruvian Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea del Perú, FAP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with defending the nation and its interests through the use of air power. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations.
SystemSpecs
SystemSpecs is a Nigerian computer software company based in Lagos.

The company develops software solutions for payments, financial services, payroll, and public sector systems in Nigeria and parts of Africa.

In 2024, SystemSpecs introduced a new corporate identity and restructured its operations into four business units: infrastructure and payment gateway; applications and vertical markets; human capital solutions and services; and public sector and special projects.

Infor
Infor is a multinational company headquartered in New York City that provides industry specific, enterprise software licensed for use on premises or as a service.

As of 2016, Infor's software had 58 million users, and 90,000 corporate customers in 200 countries. Those customers include Bausch & Lomb, Heineken, Flextronics, Wyndham Hotels, Benetton Group, Boskalis, EBSCO, Legacy Health and Best Western International.
Cabarsussi
Cabarsussi was an ancient civitas (municipality)  and bishopric in the Roman province of Byzacena (Roman North Africa), that is tentatively identifiable with ruins at Drâa-Bellouan in modern Tunisia. The current bishop is Terence Robert Curtin, auxiliary bishop of Melbourne.

Cabarsussi was the seat of an ancient diocese  of which remains only the name as quasi-diocesan title, which may be granted to a pre-diocesan prelate, an auxiliary or coadjutor bishop etc.

Donatism
Donatism was a schism from the Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Carthage from the fourth to the sixth centuries. Donatists argued that Christian clergy must be faultless for their ministry to be effective and their prayers and sacraments to be valid. Donatism had its roots in the long-established Christian community of the Roman province Africa Proconsularis (present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the western coast of Libya) and Mauretania Tingitana (roughly with the northern part of present-day Morocco), in the persecutions of Christians under Diocletian. Named after the Berber Christian bishop Donatus Magnus, Donatism flourished during the fourth and fifth centuries. Donatism mainly spread among the indigenous Berber population, and Donatists were able to blend Christianity with many of the Berber local customs.
Adrianna Foster
Adriana Gabriela Erosa Rodríguez, better known as Adrianna Foster (b. 8 July 1986, Guadalajara), is a prominent Mexican singer of soul, jazz, and pop. She gained fame in 2008 with her single Pienso en ti and has been referenced as being "the Mexican Mariah Carey." Singer-songwriters Francisco Céspedes and José José have called her "the Voice of Mexico" (Spanish: La voz de México).

Francisco Céspedes
Francisco Fabián Céspedes Rodríguez, also known as Pancho Céspedes (born 28 February 1957) is a Grammy-nominated Cuban musician, singer and songwriter. Born in Santa Clara, Cuba, Céspedes is a naturalized Mexican citizen. He is most known for his 1998 song, "Vida Loca".
Hélène Vachon
Hélène Vachon (born 1947) is a Canadian writer living in Quebec.

She was born in Quebec City, and studied modern French literature at the Université de Paris X and textual criticism at Laval University. She then worked for the Quebec Ministry of Culture and Communications. Vachon lives on the Île d'Orléans.

Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec)
The Ministry of Culture and Communications (French: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications, pronounced [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ e de kɔmynikasjɔ̃]) is responsible for promoting and protecting the culture in the Canadian province of Quebec. The current minister, since 2022, is Mathieu Lacombe.

The ministry was formed in 2012 after the immigration portfolio was transferred from the former Minister of Immigration and Cultural Communities, created in 2005, to the new Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion. Since 1 April 2017, the Ministry of Culture and Communications also administers Quebec's provincial film classification rating system, acquired from the former Régie du cinéma.
High Court of Bhutan
The High Court of Bhutan derives its authority from the 2008 Constitution of Bhutan. It consists of the Chief Justice and eight Drangpons (Associate Justices). The Chief Justice and Drangpons of the High Court are appointed from among juniors, peers, and eminent jurists by the Druk Gyalpo. The judges of the High Court serve 10 year terms, or until reaching age 60; this retirement age is unique among the Civil Service and Constitutional Offices of Bhutan — all others retire at age 65. During their tenure, they are subject to censure and suspension by the Druk Gyalpo on the recommendation of the National Judicial Commission for proven misbehavior that does not rise to the level of impeachment.

Associate justice
An associate justice or associate judge  (or simply associate) is a judge of a court other than the chief justice in some jurisdictions. The title "Associate Justice" is used for members of the Supreme Court of the United States and some state supreme courts, and for some other courts in Commonwealth of Nations countries, as well as for members of the Supreme Court of the Federated States of Micronesia, a former United States Trust Territory. In other common law jurisdictions, the equivalent position is called "Puisne Justice".

In several Canadian courts, the term "associate judge" has the same meaning as a Master (judiciary).
1881 Quebec general election
The 1881 Quebec general election was held on December 2, 1881, to elect members of the 5th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada.  The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.

The turnout was 44.53%.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
The Rebels Not In
The Rebels Not In (1998) is the third and final album recorded by the American indie rock group The Halo Benders.

The album was released on K Records on February 3, 1998, on vinyl LP and compact disc.  It was the third full-length release from the Halo Benders, a side project of Calvin Johnson (of Beat Happening) and Doug Martsch (of Built to Spill).  Its catalogue number is KLP81. It has a generally more polished sound than the Halo Benders' previous efforts.

The unique intro drum beat on "Bury Me" is a nod to The Wedding Present song "Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah," from their 1994 album Watusi.  This is further evidenced by Martsch's chorus of "Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah."

Beat Happening
Beat Happening was an American indie pop band formed in Olympia, Washington in 1982. Calvin Johnson, Heather Lewis, and Bret Lunsford were the band's continual members. Beat Happening were early leaders in the American indie pop and slacker rock movements as well as pioneers of twee pop, noted for their playful disregard for the technical aspects of musicianship that contributed to lo-fi music, and songwriting with carefree and coy themes.
Laurin Braun
Laurin Braun (born 18 February 1991) is a German professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). His older brother Constantin Braun plays for the Eisbären Berlin.

Düsseldorfer EG
Düsseldorfer Eislauf-Gemeinschaft or Düsseldorfer EG (DEG) is a German professional ice hockey team in Düsseldorf. It was Germany's most successful hockey club for a long time and had many international players. The famous Eisstadion at the Brehmstrasse was the home venue for most of the team's history. The team now plays in the DEL2.(Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2); the home venue is the PSD Bank Dome.

The club was founded on 8 November 1935 as Düsseldorfer Eislauf Gemeinschaft (DEG) and was renamed DEG Metro Stars on 1 March 2002. It was renamed again as Düsseldorfer Eislauf-Gemeinschaft (DEG) in 2012.
Shimabara
Shimabara can refer to any of the following:

Shimabara, Nagasaki, a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

Shimabara Peninsula, the geographic feature that hosts Shimabara, Nagasaki

Shimabara Castle, in Shimabara, Nagasaki

Shimabara Rebellion (also known as the Battle or Siege of Shimabara), a 1637 uprising of residents of the Nagasaki area against the Shōgun's anti-Christian policies

Shimabara, Kyoto, an entertainment quarter in Kyoto, Japan

Shimabara, Nagasaki
Shimabara (島原市, Shimabara-shi) is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.  As of 30 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 42,181 in 19917 households, and a population density of 510 people per km2. The total area of the city is 170.13 km2 (65.69 sq mi).
Tiki mug
A tiki mug is a large ceramic cocktail drinking vessel that originated in tiki bars and tropical-themed restaurants. The term "tiki mug" is a blanket term for the sculptural drinkware even though they vary in size and most do not contain handles. They typically depict Polynesian, mock-Polynesian, tropical, nautical, or retro themes, and as the term is used generically do not always emulate a tiki. When used to serve drinks they are frequently garnished with fruit or decorative drink umbrellas and swizzle sticks.

Outside of tiki enthusiasts, the mugs are not commonly seen in use beyond tiki bars and restaurants, but some collect them as examples of kitsch.

Swizzle stick
A swizzle stick is a small stick used to stir drinks. The original swizzle sticks were created in the 18th century at a rum plantation in the West Indies using the branch of the Quararibea turbinata (also known as the "Swizzle stick tree"). In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, stir sticks made of glass were created to shake out the bubbles from champagne, whose carbonation caused indigestion for some drinkers.

Swizzle sticks became particularly ornate with the advent of themed establishments such as the tiki bar and are sometimes kept as a souvenir or collected.