hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preet Harpal
"Preet" Harpal Singh (born 31 March 1983) is an Indian singer-songwriter and actor associated with Punjabi music and films. He is known for his song "Yaar Berozgaar" (2016) and his lead role in the film Sirphire (2012).

Music of Punjab
The music of Punjab reflects the traditions of the Punjab region associated with Punjabi language. Punjab is region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided into two parts: eastern Punjab, in India and western Punjab in Pakistan. The Punjab has diverse styles of music, ranging from folk and Sufi to classical, notably the Patiala gharana. Contemporary Punjabi music has tended to include more modern hip-hop and R&B sounds. While this style of music is most popular in Punjab, it has seen popularity across the subcontinent and areas with large Punjabi diaspora populations, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Waing Kyun
Waing Kyun (Burmese: ဝိုင်ကျွန်း), also spelled Wi Kyun, is a village in Shwegyin Township in the Bago Region of Myanmar. It is the principal village of the Waing Kyun village tract, which contains three other villages.

Shwegyin Township
Shwegyin Township (Burmese: ရွှေကျင်မြို့နယ်) is a township in Nyaunglebin District in the Bago Region of Myanmar. It is also called Saw Hti Township (Burmese: ဆောထိမြို့နယ်). The principal town is Shwegyin.
Wisconsin model
The Wisconsin model of socio-economic attainment is a model that describes and explains an individual's social mobility and its economic, social, and psychological determinants. The logistics of this model are primarily attributed to William H. Sewell and colleagues including Archibald Haller, Alejandro Portes and Robert M. Hauser. The model receives its name from the state in which a significant amount of the research and analysis was completed. Unlike the previous research on this topic by Peter Blau and Otis Dudley Duncan, this model encompasses more than just educational and occupational factors and their effect on social mobility for American males. The Wisconsin model has been described as "pervasive in its influence on the style and content of research in several subfields of sociology."

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
2012 Mackay Cutters season
The 2012 Mackay Cutters season was the fifth in the club's history. Coached by Anthony Seibold and captained by Grant Rovelli, they competed in the QRL's Intrust Super Cup. The club missed the finals for the second consecutive season, finishing eighth.

Mackay Cutters
The Mackay Cutters are a semi-professional rugby league football club based in Mackay, Queensland. They compete in Queensland's top rugby league competition, the Queensland Cup. The club was admitted to the Queensland Cup in 2007, alongside the Northern Pride, and first competed in the 2008 season.

Since 2008, the club has appeared in two finals series, winning the Grand Final in 2013. The team's management headquarters and home ground, Stadium Mackay, currently known as BB Print Stadium due to sponsorship rights, is located in the suburb of South Mackay.

Along with the Pride and Townsville Blackhawks, the Cutters are affiliated with the National Rugby League's North Queensland Cowboys.
American barn owl
The American barn owl (Tyto furcata) is usually considered a subspecies group and together with the western barn owl group, the eastern barn owl group, and sometimes the Andaman masked owl, make up the barn owl, cosmopolitan in range.  The barn owl is recognized by most taxonomic authorities. A few (including the International Ornithologists' Union) separate them into distinct species, as is done here. The American barn owl is native to North and South America, and has been introduced to Hawaii.

The ashy-faced owl (T. glaucops) was for some time included in T. alba, and by some authors its populations from the Lesser Antilles still are. Based on DNA evidence, König, Weick & Becking (2009) recognised the American barn owl (T. furcata) and the Curaçao barn owl (T. bargei) as separate species, though the latter is now considered a subspecies of the American barn owl (T. furcata bargei; see #Subspecies, below).

International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) is an international organization for the promotion of ornithology. It links basic and applied research and nurtures education and outreach activities. Specifically, the IOU organizes and funds global congresses on ornithology at regular intervals, sets up and supports commissions and committees on various aspects of avian biology and conservation, and initiates and backs other international ornithological activities with specific aims consistent with its own mission and goal. It discloses the names and professional affiliations of its members on its website to encourage international collaboration and networking. The IOU acts as the Ornithology Section of the IUBS.
Dermoflata
Dermoflata rotundata is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Dermoflata. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Planthopper
A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers. However, planthoppers generally walk very slowly. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, though few are considered pests. Fulgoromorphs are most reliably distinguished from the other Auchenorrhyncha by two features: the bifurcate (Y-shaped) anal vein in the forewing, and the thickened, three-segmented antennae, with a generally round or egg-shaped second segment (pedicel) that bears a fine filamentous arista.
Udayagiri Raja Maha Vihara
Udayagiri Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhalaː උදයගිරි රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist Temple situated in Ampara District, Sri Lanka. The temple has been built in the village called Udayagiri, and located about 1 km (0.62 mi) distance to Ampara – Mahaoya Road. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.

Mahaoya
Mahaoya (Sinhala: මහඔය, lit. 'Great River', Tamil: மகா ஓயா) is a town in the Ampara District, Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. It is located in 64 km (40 mi) north-west of Ampara, at the intersection of the Peradeniya-Badulla-Chenkalady Highway (A5) and the Manampitiya - Aralaganwila - Maduru Oya Road (B502).

Mahaoya has hot springs which are located about 2 km (1.2 mi) away from the town, the springs are considered the hottest springs in Sri Lanka.
Placodontia
Placodonts ("tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period. They were part of Sauropterygia, the group that includes plesiosaurs. Placodonts were generally between 1 and 2 m (3 ft 3 in and 6 ft 7 in) in length, with some of the largest measuring 3 m (9.8 ft) long.

The first specimen was discovered in 1830. They have been found throughout central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and China.

Atopodentatus
Atopodentatus is an extinct genus of basal sauropterygian known from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Guanling Formation in Luoping County, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It contains a single species, Atopodentatus unicus. It is thought to have lived between 247 and 240 million years ago, during the Middle Triassic period, about six million years after the Permian extinction. Atopodentatus was an herbivorous marine reptile, although marine reptiles are usually omnivores or carnivores.

A near complete skeleton along with a left lateral portion of the skull were discovered near Daaozi village, Yunnan, China. The scientific name derives from the peculiar zipper-shaped morphology of the holotype specimen's jaws and unique dentition. However, two fossil skulls discovered in 2016 indicate that the holotype skull was badly damaged, and that the living animal actually had a hammer-shaped head with shovel-like jaws.
Metal fabrication
Metal fabrication is the creation of metal structures by cutting, bending and assembling processes. It is a value-added process involving the creation of machines, parts, and structures from various raw materials.

Typically, a fabrication shop bids on a job, usually based on engineering drawings, and if awarded the contract, builds the product. Large fab shops employ a multitude of value-added processes, including welding, cutting, forming and machining.

As with other manufacturing processes, both human labor and automation are commonly used. A fabricated product may be called a fabrication, and shops specializing in this type of work are called fab shops. The end products of other common types of metalworking, such as machining, metal stamping, forging, and casting, may be similar in shape and function, but those processes are not classified as fabrication.

Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.  The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.  Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons. Forging has been done by smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery.

Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) to achieve a finished part. Today, forging is a major worldwide industry.
Joachim Burger
Joachim Burger (born 27 June 1969 in Aschaffenburg, West Germany) is a German anthropologist and population geneticist based at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, where he runs the Palaeogenetics Group at the Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME).

Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Hessian: Aschebersch, pronounced [ˈaʒəˌbɛːʃ]) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg, despite being its administrative seat, is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg.

Aschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of Lower Franconia and separated from the central and eastern part of the Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) by the Spessart hills, whereas it opens towards the Rhine-Main plain in the west and the north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither Bavarian nor East Franconian but rather a local version of Rhine Franconian.
AD 757
Year 757 (DCCLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 757 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Alfonso I of Asturias
Alfonso I of Asturias, called the Catholic (el Católico), (c. 693 – 757) was the third king of Asturias, reigning from 739 to his death in 757.  His reign saw a great extension of the Christian domain of Asturias, reconquering Galicia and León.

He succeeded his brother-in-law Favila, and was succeeded by his son, Fruela I. Alfonso's illegitimate son, Mauregatus, also became king, and his daughter Adosinda was consort to King Silo of Asturias. The dynasty started by Alfonso was known in contemporary Al-Andalus as the Astur-Leonese dynasty.
2008 Scottish Cup final
The 2008 Scottish Cup Final was a football match which took place at Hampden Park in Glasgow on 24 May 2008. The match was the final of the 123rd Scottish Cup and was contested by Queen of the South and Rangers. Rangers won the match 3–2.

Queen of the South beat Aberdeen 4–3 in their semi-final, Rangers beat St Johnstone 4–3 on penalties after the match had ended 1–1 after extra time.

First Division Queen of the South were contesting a Scottish Cup final for the first time in their history. The final was four weeks after the end of Queens' league season, meaning the First Division side had not played a competitive game in that time. This was Rangers' 50th appearance in the final, winning 31 times and losing 17, with one final (1909) resulting in the cup being withheld  It was Rangers' third cup final of the season, having won in the League Cup Final and lost in the UEFA Cup Final.

Sky Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo, and Sky TG24.

Pay TV services on the Sky Italia satellite platform are broadcast on the Hot Bird satellites at 13.0°E and are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard.
Council for Catholic Maintained Schools
The Council for Catholic Maintained Schools (CCMS) is the advocate for Catholic Maintained Schools in Northern Ireland. The council represents trustees, schools and governors on issues such as raising and maintaining standards, the school estate and teacher employment. As the largest employer of teachers in Northern Ireland with 8,500 teachers, It also plays a central role in supporting teachers whether through its welfare service  or, for example, in working parties such as the Independent Inquiry into Teacher Pay and Conditions of Service.

There are 547 Catholic-managed schools in Northern Ireland. According to the latest figures from the Department of Education, the number of pupils registered at school in Northern Ireland is 329,583. The number of pupils attending Catholic-managed schools is 148,225, approximately 45%.

Maintaining
Maintaining was a 2007-2009 comic strip by cartoonist Nate Creekmore.

Creekmore is a two-time winner of the Scripps College College Cartoonist of the Year award and an Associated Press award for achievement in college cartooning. Creekmore's strip first appeared in the newspaper at Lipscomb University in Nashville. Maintaining was later picked up for syndication through Universal Press Syndicate. It was launched on May 7, 2007, and canceled in August 2009 for poor sales.  The last daily strip was August 1, 2009.
Bert Wakefield
Burgess "Bert" Wakefield (May 1870 - death date unknown) was an American Negro leagues first baseman and for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League.

He played for Frank Leland's traveling Chicago Unions for at least two years. There he played with Home Run Johnson, Bill Holland, and Harry Hyde.

Wakefield played for the minor league Troy Browns of the Kansas State League in the 1895 season. Troy was Wakefield's hometown.

Negro National League (1920–1931)
The first Negro National League (NNL I) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president.
Samuel A. Nixon
Samuel Anthony "Sam" Nixon, Jr. (born November 9, 1958) is an American politician. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from March 1994 to April 2010, representing the 27th district in Chesterfield County, the southern suburbs of Richmond. From 2010 until 2015, he was the Chief Information Officer of the state, and head of the Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA).

In March 2015, Nixon assumed the position of Chief Administrative Officer of the Virginia State Corporation Commission having been nominated by the commissioners of that agency.

State Corporation Commission (Virginia)
The State Corporation Commission, or SCC, is a Virginian regulatory agency whose authority encompasses utilities, insurance, state-chartered financial institutions, securities, retail franchising, and railroads. It is the state's central filing office for corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and Uniform Commercial Code liens.
Herman O'Berry
Herman Lee O'Berry (born July 11, 1971) is an American former professional football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the seventh round of the 1995 NFL draft. He played nine games for the St. Louis Rams in 1996. He played college football for the Oregon Ducks.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
Skamokawa Valley, Washington
Skamokawa Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wahkiakum County, Washington, north of the town of Cathlamet. The population was 401 as of the 2010 census. The CDP includes the Sleepy Hollow community. The Skamokawa Valley community is part of the Wahkiakum School District, a K-12 school district of about 430 students. The unincorporated community of Skamokawa lies directly to the south.

The name of the CDP comes from Wahkiakum Chief Skamokawa who met with Meriwether Lewis and William Clark while their expedition spent the winter of 1805–06 at Fort Clatsop. His name, Skamokawa, is a Chinook word meaning “smoke over the water,” a reference to the area's foggy climate.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Harry Lister Riley
Harry Lister Riley (1899–1986) B.Sc., ARCS, DIC DS was a British chemist based in London and Newcastle, where he undertook research into coke and coal. His 1932 work on selenium dioxide as a post-doctoral student at Imperial College earned him attention, as well as the naming of Riley oxidation. He was Professor Inorganic and Physical Chemistry at the Armstrong College, University of Durham. In 1947 was appointed director of carbonisation research at Britain's National Coal Board where he served until his retirement in the 1960s.

Selenium dioxide
Selenium dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SeO2. This colorless solid is one of the most frequently encountered compounds of selenium.  It is used in making specialized glasses as well as a reagent in organic chemistry.
Munich Charter
The Munich Charter of Professional Ethics for Journalists (or Declaration of the duties and rights of journalists) was signed on November 24, 1971, in Munich. It was later adopted by the European Federation of Journalists, as a European reference concerning the ethical conduct of journalism, distinguishing ten duties and five rights.  In the 21st century Reporters Without Borders (RSF) publishes the Munich Charter to be used globally.

European Federation of Journalists
The European Federation of Journalists is the European regional organisation of the International Federation of Journalists. It describes itself as the largest organisation of journalists in Europe, and says it represents about 320,000 journalists in 74 journalists’ organisations across 46 countries. It is headquartered in Brussels.
John Wesley Jermyn
John Wesley Jermyn, also known as "The Crazy Robertson" or "The Robertson Dancer", is a homeless street performer in Los Angeles.

Jermyn grew up in the Hancock Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.  A star athlete in high school, he was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in 1969. He attended Pepperdine University and played a year for a minor-league team. In the late 1970s he began to suffer from schizophrenia, for which he refuses to take medication.  In the 1980s he began his current practice of skating about and dancing to music dressed in spandex on the streets of West Los Angeles, where he is a well-known fixture.

In October 2007, a group of entrepreneurs marketed a clothing label with stylized images of Jermyn.  The label was developed with the cooperation of Jermyn, who receives royalties from its sales.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.