hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1896–97 Hamburg dockworkers' strike
The Hamburg dockworkers' strike of 1896-97 was considered one of the largest labour disputes in the German Empire. It began on November 21, 1896, lasted eleven weeks, involved nearly 17,000 workers at its peak, and ended on February 6, 1897, with the complete defeat of the strikers. The dispute had a significant impact on the Hamburg economy and also caused a stir outside Germany. The events prompted conservatives and the Reich government to attempt a policy of increased repression against social democracy two years later with the prison bill.

Industrial action
Industrial action (British English) or job action (American English) is a temporary show of dissatisfaction by employees—especially a strike or slowdown or working to rule—to protest against bad working conditions or low pay and to increase bargaining power with the employer and intended to force the employer to improve them by reducing productivity in a workplace. Industrial action is usually organized by trade unions or other organised labour, most commonly when employees are forced out of work due to contract termination and without reaching an agreement with the employer. Quite often it is used and interpreted as a euphemism for strike or mass strike, but the scope is much wider. Industrial action may take place in the context of a labour dispute or may be meant to effect political or social change. This form of communication tends to be their only means to voice their concerns about safety and benefits.
The Cosmic Jokers (album)
The Cosmic Jokers is an album by a krautrock supergroup The Cosmic Jokers. It is a compilation of jam sessions by various Cosmic Couriers musicians, specifically Klaus Schulze, Harald Grosskopf, Manuel Göttsching, Dieter Dierks and Jürgen Dollase.

Manuel Göttsching
Manuel Göttsching (9 September 1952 – 4 December 2022) was a German musician and composer.

As the leader of the groups Ash Ra Tempel and Ashra in the 1970s and 80s, as well as a solo artist, he was one of the most influential guitarists of the Krautrock (also known as Kosmische Musik) genre. He also participated in the Cosmic Jokers sessions. His style and technique influenced dozens of artists in the post-Eno ambient and Berlin School of electronic music scenes in the 1980s and 1990s.
Eduardo Menezes
Eduardo Menezes (born 1 May 1980) is a Brazilian Olympic show jumping rider. He participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where he finished 5th in the team jumping and 28th in the individual jumping competitions.

Menezes competed at the 2015 Pan American Games, finishing in 4th place teamwise and 9th individually. He also competed at the 2011 edition of the Show Jumping World Cup finals.

Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping
The individual show jumping in equestrian at the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics was held from 14–19 August. Like all other equestrian events, the jumping competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division. There were 74 competitors from 27 nations. The event was won by Nick Skelton of Great Britain, the nation's first victory in individual jumping and first medal of any color since making the podium four consecutive Games from 1960 to 1972. Silver went to Peder Fredricson of Sweden. Eric Lamaze of Canada took bronze, becoming the first person since 1968 and sixth overall to win multiple medals (adding to his 2008 gold).

The medals were presented by Gerardo Werthein, IOC member, Argentina and Luiz Roberto Giugni, Executive Board Member of the FEI.
Big Piney Creek
Big Piney Creek is a river located in Ozark National Forest in the state of Arkansas. It is a tributary of the Arkansas River and therefore part of the Mississippi River watershed. Managed by the United States Forest Service, it flows for 70.8 miles (113.9 km) through Pope, Johnson and Newton counties. The headwaters of the creek are in a rugged, remote area just east of Arkansas Route 21 south of the community of Fallsville and the mouth of the creek empties into Lake Dardanelle on the Arkansas River.

The creek is known among kayakers and canoers for its moderately challenging Class II to Class III rapids. Although much of the land adjacent to the creek is privately owned, the Forest Service operates two campgrounds, Haw Creek Falls and Long Pool, for visitors.

Johnson County, Arkansas
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County is Arkansas's 30th county, formed on November 16, 1833, from a portion of Pope County and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Mâcon-Loché TGV station
Mâcon-Loché TGV station (French: Gare de Mâcon-Loché TGV) is a railway station on the TGV Sud-Est located in the commune of Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire, France. Its address is 142, Rue de Pouilly-Loché, 71000 Mâcon, the station is a few kilometres from the neighbouring town of Loché. The next station southbound is Lyon Part-Dieu and the next northbound station is Le Creusot TGV.

Lyon-Part-Dieu station
The Gare de la Part-Dieu (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ d(ə) la paʁdjø]; lit. "God's share railway station") or Lyon-Part-Dieu is the primary railway station of Lyon, France, located in its La Part-Dieu business district. It is on the historical Paris–Marseille railway. Train services are mainly operated by the SNCF with frequent TGV high-speed and TER regional services as well as Intercités, Frecciarossa, AVE and Lyria services. Lyon's second railway station, Perrache station, is located in the south of the historical centre.
Hochseiler
The Hochseiler (also Hochsailer) is a mountain, 2,793 m (AA), in the Hochkönig massif within the Berchtesgaden Alps. It lies on the boundary between the districts of Zell am See and St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

The summit can be gained from the north along the Mooshammersteig path or from the Teufelslöcher over the Übergossene Alm along the southeastern arête (climbing grade I–II).

Arête
An arête (/əˈrɛt/ ə-RET; French: [aʁɛt]) is a narrow ridge of rock that separates two valleys. It is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Arêtes can also form when two glacial cirques erode headwards towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. The edge is then sharpened by freeze-thaw weathering, and the slope on either side of the arête steepened through mass wasting events and the erosion of exposed, unstable rock. The word arête is French for "edge" or "ridge"; similar features in the Alps are often described with the German equivalent term Grat.

Where three or more cirques meet, a pyramidal peak is created.
Shingle Creek (Florida)
Shingle Creek is a small waterway in central Florida that is generally considered to be the northernmost headwaters of the Everglades watershed. It is named after the cypress trees that lined the bank in the late 19th century, which were used to make wood shingles. The stream and surrounding wetlands are part of ongoing preservation efforts.

The creek begins in southern Orange County, a few miles east of International Drive, and west of John Young Parkway. From there, it flows south under the Beachline Expressway, State Road 417, and Osceola Parkway to Kissimmee in Osceola County. It then turns directly east and flows into Lake Tohopekaliga, contributing to the Kissimmee River system which continues into south Florida and the Everglades.

Name associations include the Rosen Shingle Creek Resort, Shingle Creek Elementary School, the Shingle Creek Toll Plaza on Osceola Parkway, and the Shingle Creek Transit & Utility Community Development District.

Florida State Road 423
State Road 423 (SR 423), known for most of its length as John Young Parkway, and Lee Road east of Orange Blossom Trail, is a four- and six-lane surface road in the U.S. state of Florida.  SR 423 runs from SR 408 north to U.S. Routes 17/92 (US 17/92) just east of Interstate 4 (I-4).

SR 423 and its southern components serve as an alternate to the parallel Orange Blossom Trail.  The road is named after John Young, a NASA astronaut and one of twelve men to walk on the Moon, who was from the Orlando area.
Conversation tart
A conversation tart (French: tarte conversation) is a type of tart made with puff pastry that is filled with frangipane cream and topped with royal icing. The recipe was created in the late 18th century to celebrate the publication of les Conversations d'Émilie by Louise d'Épinay.

Tart
A tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry. The pastry is usually shortcrust pastry; the filling may be sweet or savoury, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. Tartlet refers to a miniature tart; an example would be egg tarts. The categories of "tart", "flan", and "pie" overlap, with no sharp distinctions.
Maryanovka
Maryanovka (Russian: Марьяновка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Maryanovka, Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Maryanovsky District of Omsk Oblast

Rural localities

Maryanovka, Amur Oblast, a selo in Romanovsky Rural Settlement of Oktyabrsky District of Amur Oblast

Maryanovka, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Stepanovsky Selsoviet of Aurgazinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Maryanovka, Republic of Mordovia, a selo in Maryanovsky Selsoviet of Bolshebereznikovsky District of the Republic of Mordovia

Maryanovka, Primorsky Krai, a selo in the Kirovsky District of Primorsky Krai

Maryanovka, Republic of Tatarstan, a settlement in Leninogorsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Maryanovsky District
Maryanovsky District (Russian: Марья́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,700 square kilometers (660 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Maryanovka. Population: 27,595 (2010 Census);  27,802 (2002 census); 30,173 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Maryanovka accounts for 31.3% of the district's total population.
Confection of hyacinth
In pre-modern medicine, the confection of hyacinth had nearly the same virtues with that of alkermes; but, beside that, was frequently used as an astringent. It consisted of nearly triple the number of drugs; of which the precious stone, called hyacinth, was the base. The other chief ingredients were red coral, bole armoniac, terra sigillata, myrrh, the santals, burnt hartshorn, camphor, sapphire, emerald, topaz, uranium, and most of the ingredients of the confection of alkermes.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have many inclusions, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. It occurs mainly in association with quartz, muscovite, albite, schorl, microcline, fluorite, smoky quartz and elbaite.
Jens Stub
Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.

Eidsvoll Verk
Eidsvoll Verk is a village in Eidsvoll, in Akershus County, Norway. It is served by Eidsvoll Verk Station on the Gardermoen Line. It was the site of the former Eidsvold Iron Works. It is also the site of the Eidsvoll Manor, where the Constitution of Norway was signed in 1814.
Thorius minutissimus
Thorius minutissimus is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is known only from one site near Santo Tomás Teipan in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, in pine–oak forest at 2,458 meters elevation. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 10 km2, which represents the single location.

It is threatened by habitat loss.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Zaeeropsis lepida
Zaeeropsis lepida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1848 as Anaesthetis lepida. It is known from Australia. The Australian Faunal Directory recognises Rhytophora lepida as the accepted name for this species.

Ernst Friedrich Germar
Ernst Friedrich Germar  (3 November 1786 – 8 July 1853) was a German professor and director of the Mineralogical Museum at Halle. As well as being a mineralogist he was interested in entomology and particularly in the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. He wrote monographs on several insect families including the Scutelleridae. He also took an interest in paleoentomology.
Bayat e Kurd
Bayat e Kurd, also transliterated as Bayat-e Kord or in full as Avaz-e Bayat-e Kord (Persian:بیات کرد) (Kurdish:بیاتی کورد) is a part of Dastgāh-e Šur in Iranian classical music. in the past it was cited as a branch of Chahargah.

Chahargah (mode)
Dastgāh-e Chahārgāh  (Persian: دستگاه چهارگاه; Azerbaijani: Çahargah) is a musical modal system in traditional mugham music and one of the seven Dastgāhs of Persian Music. Classically, Persian Music is organized into seven Dastgāhs and five Āvāzes, however from a merely technical point of view, one can consider them as an ensemble of 12 Dastgāhs.

This is the fifth and the longest mode according to the amount of sounds. It consists of eleven membranes.

Three tetra-chords are amalgamated with two methods. The first and the second tetra-chords are amalgamated with the first method. The second and the third tetra-chords are amalgamated with different method. Tetra-chords are 0.5+1.5+0.5 tone structural. Chahargah mode is represented in two kinds in Uzeyir Hajibeyov’s composition. It creates at listener excitement and passion.

Subgenres of Chahargah are: Bardasht, Maye, Bali-Kabutar, Djovhari, Basta-Nigar, Hisar, Mualif, Garra, Mukhalif, Ouj Mukhalif, Maghlub, Mansuriyya, Uzzal.
Frederick John Ford
Frederick John Ford was an Anglican priest in the twentieth century.

Ford was ordained deacon in 1949, and priest in 1950. After a curacy in Blenheim he held incumbencies at Collingwood, Murchison and Awatere. He was Archdeacon of Marlborough from 1971 until 1984; and Archdeacon of Waimea from 1966 until 1971.

Murchison, New Zealand
Murchison is a town in the Tasman Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is near the western end of the "Four Rivers Plain", at the confluence of the Buller River and the Mātakitaki River. The other two rivers are the Mangles River, and the Matiri River.
It is a rural service town for the surrounding mixed farming district, approximately halfway between Westport and Nelson. Murchison was named after the Scottish geologist Roderick Murchison, one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society.
1984 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary
The 1984 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary was held on February 28, 1984, in New Hampshire as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1984 United States presidential election.

1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.
Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata, vernacularly often called woolly foxglove or Grecian foxglove, is a species of foxglove, a flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It gets its name due to the woolly indumentum of the leaves. D. lanata, like other foxglove species, is toxic in all parts of the plant. Symptoms of digitalis poisoning include nausea, vomiting, severe headache, dilated pupils, problems with eyesight, and convulsions and cardiac arrhythmias at the worst level of toxicity. The plant is also harmful to other animals.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Bit-Twist
Free and open-source software portal

Bit-Twist is a powerful libpcap-based Ethernet packet generator and packet capture editor, written in POSIX-compliant C, designed to complement tcpdump by replaying captured traffic from pcap files onto live networks. It supports Windows (using Npcap), Linux, BSD, and macOS, allowing the editing of key fields in Ethernet, ARP, IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, and TCP/UDP headers. It can also generate pcap files from its built-in templates, enabling packet creation without existing capture files, along with payload generation from uniformly distributed random bytes or fixed bytes, such as hex streams from Wireshark. Ideal for testing firewalls, IDS, IPS, routers, switches, load balancers, and other network equipment, it delivers performance that matches the line rate of NIC, up to 10Gbps.

IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. IPv4 was the first version deployed for production on SATNET in 1982 and on the ARPANET in January 1983. It is still used to route most Internet traffic today, even with the ongoing deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), its successor.

IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space which provides 4,294,967,296 (232) unique addresses, but large blocks are reserved for special networking purposes. This quantity of unique addresses is not large enough to meet the needs of the global Internet, which has caused a significant issue known as IPv4 address exhaustion during the ongoing transition to IPv6.
Viola egglestonii
Viola egglestonii, commonly known as glade violet, is a species herbaceous plant in the violet family. It is native to a small area of eastern North America, only being found in limestone cedar glades of the Interior Low Plateau and Ridge and Valley ecoregions of Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

Viola egglestonii is a perennial, stemless blue violet, distinguished by its deeply lobed leaves, bearded petals, and glabrous leaves. It blooms from early to mid April. The cedar glade habitat which it is endemic to is generally rare, and  populations of this species are tracked in all of the states it is found in except Tennessee. It is the most common in Tennessee's Nashville Basin due to the region's relative abundance of limestone cedar glades.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
Basanti, South 24 Parganas
Basanti is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Basanti police station in the Basanti CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Piero Chiara
Piero Chiara (23 March 1913 – 31 December 1986) was an Italian writer.

He was born in Luino, Italy. His father Eugenio was from Resuttano, Sicily, and his mother Virginia Maffei was from Comnago, a Piedmontese village in the municipality of Lesa. Sought by the Fascist militia during World War II, he fled to Switzerland in 1944. He returned to Italy two years later, starting his writing career. His most famous work is La stanza del vescovo of 1976, which was turned into a film by Dino Risi soon afterwards.

He was married to Jula Sherb of Swiss origin. They had one son Marco Chiara who was married and divorced from Judith Loeb Chiara of the Lehman family. He died in Varese in 1986.

The Disappearance of Signora Giulia was the first of his books to be translated into English.

Lehman family
The Lehman family (also Lehmann, Liehmann or Liehman) is a prominent family of Jewish German-Americans who founded the financial firm Lehman Brothers. Some were also involved in American politics. Members have married into the prominent Morgenthau, Loeb, and Bronfman families.

The family traces back to Abraham Lehmann, a cattle merchant in Rimpar, Bavaria, who changed his Yiddish (German-Jewish) surname Löw (Loeb) to the German Lehman.
Krishna Rao
Krishna Rao or Krishnarao is an Indian full name based on the given name Krishna and the surname Rao.

A. N. Krishna Rao (1908–1971), one of the well-known writers in Kannada language

Bhavaraju Venkata Krishna Rao (born 1930), Indian cricketer

Dronamraju Krishna Rao (born 1937), Indian geneticist

K. V. Krishna Rao (1923-2016), chief of Indian army and governor of Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Manipur and Tripura

Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao (1926–1997), Indian politician

U. Krishna Rao (died 1961), Indian politician of the Indian National Congress and member of the Legislative Assembly of Madras state

Krishna Rao (director), film/television director and cinematographer

Krishna Rao Voomaji Rao Ghorpade, better known as K. V. Ghorpade, Indian pathologist

Krishna Rao (administrator) (died 1857), acting Diwan of Travancore

Krishna Rao (archaeologist) (born 1930), Indian archaeologist and writer

Krishnarao Jaisim, Indian architect

Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao), Maratha noble

Krishnarao Jaisim
Krishnarao Jaisim is an architect and the former  chairman of the Indian Institute of Architects, Karnataka Chapter. His work has been featured in The New York Times, The Hindu, The Times of India, The Deccan Herald, and on HGTV.