hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chauffeur (criminal)
A chauffeur (French pronunciation: [ʃofœʁ]; lit. 'heater upper') was a type of French criminal active from the 18th to the 20th centuries. In gangs, they carried out home invasions on remote rural dwellings, then tortured the householders into revealing the hiding places of savings or valuables. This was often done by burning victims' feet in the fireplace, which gave rise to their name.

Many such gangs were active in the Nord department during the period of the French Directory (1795–1799) when there was widespread violent crime in the French countryside. In the 20th century, a notable gang was the Chauffeurs de la Drôme, who were responsible for eighteen murders between 1905 and 1908.

These attacks continued after the Second World War. Le gang des Romanis was active in Bourgogne and Le Gang d’Albert was active in Picardy until their leaders were separately captured and executed in 1952.

Home invasion
A home invasion, also called a hot prowl burglary, is a sub-type of burglary (or in some jurisdictions, a separately defined crime) in which an offender unlawfully enters into a building residence while the occupants are inside. The overarching intent of a hot prowl burglary can be theft, robbery, assault, sexual assault, murder, kidnapping, or another crime, either by stealth or direct force. Hot prowl burglaries are considered especially dangerous by law enforcement because of the potential for a violent confrontation between the occupant and the offender.
Module homomorphism
In algebra, a module homomorphism is a function between modules that preserves the module structures. Explicitly, if M and N are left modules over a ring R, then a function  is called an R-module homomorphism or an R-linear map if for any x, y in M and r in R,

In other words, f is a group homomorphism (for the underlying additive groups) that commutes with scalar multiplication. If M, N are right R-modules, then the second condition is replaced with

The preimage of the zero element under f is called the kernel of f. The set of all module homomorphisms from M to N is denoted by . It is an abelian group (under pointwise addition) but is not necessarily a module unless R is commutative.

The composition of module homomorphisms is again a module homomorphism, and the identity map on a module is a module homomorphism. Thus, all the (say left) modules together with all the module homomorphisms between them form the category of modules.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
McCafferty
"McCafferty" (Roud 1148, also known as "McCaffery" or "McKaffery") is an Irish folk ballad about British Army Private Patrick McCaffrey, executed in 1862 for the "fragging" of two officers.  It is particularly popular in Ireland, where Pte. McCaffrey came from, and was recorded by The Dubliners. In the British Army it was allegedly a court martial offence to sing the song, but that is a legend. In fact, according to A.L. Lloyd "during World War II it was adopted as the anthem of a parachute commando regiment, the 2nd Special Air Service."

The song is set to the traditional Irish tune "Cailín Óg a Stór", which is the same melody used for "The Croppy Boy".

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown (soundtrack)
Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown: Original Soundtrack Recording is a soundtrack album by American jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi released on January 17, 2025, in the U.S. by Lee Mendelson Film Productions. It is the soundtrack to the St. Valentine-themed television special of the same name first broadcast on CBS on January 28, 1975.

Clavinet
The Clavinet is an electric clavichord invented by Ernst Zacharias and manufactured by the Hohner company of Trossingen, West Germany, from 1964 to 1982. The instrument produces sounds with rubber pads, each matching one of the keys and responding to a keystroke by striking a given point on a tensioned string, and was designed to resemble the Renaissance-era clavichord.

Although originally intended for home use, the Clavinet became popular on stage, and could be used to create electric guitar sounds on a keyboard. It is strongly associated with the musician Stevie Wonder, who used the instrument extensively, particularly on his 1972 hit "Superstition", and was regularly featured in rock, funk and reggae music throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Modern digital keyboards can emulate the Clavinet sound, but there is also a grass-roots industry of repairers who continue to maintain the instrument.
Things Happen at Night
Things Happen at Night is a 1948 British supernatural comedy horror film directed by Francis Searle and starring Gordon Harker, Alfred Drayton, Robertson Hare and Garry Marsh. It was written by St. John Legh Clowes based on the 1946 stage play The Poltergeist by Frank Harvey. Despite the film's comparatively large budget it ended up being released as a second feature.

In an English country house a poltergeist causes mayhem and ghost-hunters are brought in.

Poltergeist
In German folklore and ghostlore, a poltergeist (/ˈpoʊltərˌɡaɪst/ or /ˈpɒltərˌɡaɪst/; German: [ˈpɔltɐɡaɪ̯st] ⓘ; 'rumbling ghost' or 'noisy spirit') is a type of ghost or spirit that is responsible for physical disturbances, such as loud noises and objects being moved or destroyed. Most claims or fictional descriptions of poltergeists show them as being capable of pinching, biting, hitting, and tripping people. They are also depicted as capable of the movement or levitation of objects such as furniture and cutlery, or noises such as knocking on doors. Foul smells are also associated with poltergeist occurrences, as well as spontaneous fires and different electrical issues such as flickering lights.

These manifestations have been recorded in many cultures and countries, including Brazil, Australia, the United States, Japan and most European nations. The first recorded cases date back to the 1st century.

Skeptics explain poltergeists as juvenile tricksters fooling credulous adults.
Mount Hope, New York
Mount Hope is a town in the northwestern part of Orange County, New York, United States, west of Middletown. The northern town line is the border of Sullivan County. The population was 6,537 at the 2020 census.

Sullivan County, New York
Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,624. The county seat is Monticello. The county's name honors Major General John Sullivan, who was labeled at the time as a hero in the American Revolutionary War in part due to his successful campaign in destroying 40 Iroquois villages and chasing 5,000 of them out of the area (see Sullivan Expedition). The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

The county was the site of hundreds of Borscht Belt hotels and resorts, which had their heyday from the 1920s through the 1970s.

In 2010, the state's center of population was at the southern edge of Sullivan County.
Redan High School
Redan High School is a public secondary school of the DeKalb County School District located in Redan, Georgia.

Redan was established in 1976 by the DeKalb County School District. The school's mascot is the Raider. Both Redan High School and its "twin," Stone Mountain High School, were built without any main windows on their exteriors (except for in the main common area). The windowless construction was for energy-saving purposes during the "energy crunch" of the mid-to-late 1970s.

As part of the DeKalb County School District, the school is accredited through AdvancED through 2022.

Energy crisis
An energy crisis or energy shortage is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular, those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in industrial development. Population growth has led to a surge in the global demand for energy in recent years. In the 2000s, this new demand – together with Middle East tension, the falling value of the US dollar, dwindling oil reserves, concerns over peak oil, and oil price speculation – triggered the 2000s energy crisis, which saw the price of oil reach an all-time high of $147.30 per barrel ($926/m3) in 2008.

Most energy crises have been caused by localized shortages, wars and market manipulation. However, the recent historical energy crises listed below were not caused by such factors.
Alina Bykhno
Alina Bykhno (Ukrainian: Аліна Олегівна Бихно) is a Ukrainian female rhythmic gymnast and British model. She was a member of Ukrainian rhythmic gymnastics national team. She won gold and bronze medals at the 2017 Summer Universiade At the 2018 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships in Guadalajara she won two silver medals in team events.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
2020–21 Scottish League One
The 2020–21 Scottish League One was the eighth season of Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. The season commenced later than usual, on the October 17th, being played over a shortened 22 game period due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

Ten teams contested the league: Airdrieonians, Clyde, Cove Rangers, Dumbarton, East Fife, Falkirk, Forfar Athletic, Montrose, Partick Thistle and Peterhead.

On 11 January 2021, the league was suspended for three weeks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 29 January 2021, the suspension was extended until at least 14 February. In March 2021, the Scottish Government gave permission for the league to resume. On 4 March, League One and Two clubs proposed shortening the season to 22 matches, with each team playing all other teams twice, followed by a split in the table to determine the final four matches. The clubs suggested a restart date of 20 March, which was approved by the SPFL.

East Fife F.C.
East Fife Football Club is a semi-professional football club established in 1903 in Methil, Fife, Scotland. They are members of the Scottish Professional Football League and compete in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish football league system.

The club were the first to win the Scottish League Cup three times and the first of only two sides from the second tier of the Scottish league system to win the Scottish Cup. This makes them the most successful club in Fife in terms of major honours won.

East Fife are one of four SPFL clubs based in Fife, but are the only one to bear the name of the area. The three others are Dunfermline Athletic, Kelty Hearts and the Kirkcaldy-based Raith Rovers (Cowdenbeath play in the Lowland Football League), all of whom have historically shared rivalries with East Fife.
2025 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2025 West Coast Conference men's basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the West Coast Conference for the 2024–25 season. All tournament games were played at Orleans Arena in the Las Vegas-area community of Paradise, Nevada, from March 6–11, 2025. The winner, Gonzaga, received the conference's automatic bid to the 2025 NCAA tournament.

2024–25 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Gonzaga University, located in Spokane, Washington, in the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team, also unofficially nicknamed the "Zags", was led by head coach Mark Few, in his 26th season as head coach, and played home games at the on-campus McCarthey Athletic Center as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC).
Abidjan Peace Accord
The Abidjan Peace Accord was a treaty signed in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on 30 November 1996 to try to bring an end to the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002). The two main signatories were President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of Sierra Leone and Foday Sankoh, leader of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebel group. However, Sankoh refused to honour the terms of the agreement, and Kabbah was forced into exile by a May 1997 military coup (though he regained power the following year), so the Accord failed to bring about peace.

Foday Sankoh
Foday Saybana Sankoh (17 October 1937 – 29 July 2003) was a Sierra Leonean rebel leader who was the founder and commander of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebel group, which was supported by the Charles Taylor-led NPFL in the 11-year-long Sierra Leone Civil War, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. An estimated 50,000 people were killed during the war, and over 500,000 people were displaced into neighboring countries.
Bülow
Bülow or Bulow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bülow family, a noble family from Germany with the surname "von Bülow"

Bülow (singer) (Megan Bülow, born 1999), German-Canadian singer

Alexander Bülow (1905–?), SS guard at Auschwitz concentration camp

Anders Bülow (born 1994), Danish cricketer

Anna Bülow (died 1519), Swedish writer, translator and abbess

David Bulow (1980–2021), American soccer player and coach

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow (1755–1816), Prussian general

Kai Bülow (born 1986), German footballer

Karen Bulow (1899–1982), Danish-Canadian artist

Marco Bülow (1971–2026), German politician and journalist

Melissa Bulow (born 1980), Australian cricketer

William J. Bulow (1869–1960), United States Senator, Governor of South Dakota

Melissa Bulow
Melissa Jane Bulow (born 13 June 1980) is an Australian cricketer.  She has appeared in two Test matches, 19 One Day Internationals and 2 Twenty20 Internationals for her country.

She announced her retirement from international cricket in November 2012.
Bulow is the 149th woman to play Test cricket for Australia, and the 98th woman to play One Day International cricket for Australia.
Aeronomy
Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of both atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics. Scientists specializing in aeronomy, known as aeronomers, study the motions and chemical composition and properties of the Earth's upper atmosphere and regions of the atmospheres of other planets that correspond to it, as well as the interaction between upper atmospheres and the space environment. In atmospheric regions aeronomers study, chemical dissociation and ionization are important phenomena.

Upper atmosphere
Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes:

The mesosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 50 and 80 kilometres (31 and 50 mi), sometimes considered part of the "middle atmosphere" rather than the upper atmosphere

The thermosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 80 and 700 kilometres (50 and 435 mi)

The exosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 700 kilometres (435 mi) and 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi)

The ionosphere, an ionized portion of the upper atmosphere which includes the upper mesosphere, thermosphere, and lower exosphere and on Earth lies between the altitudes of 50 and 1,000 kilometres (31 and 621 mi)
Hirmuste, Hiiu County
Hirmuste is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

The village was first mentioned in 1599 (Hermista). Historically, the village was part of Kõrgessaare Manor (German: Hohenholm). Before 2013, it was located in Kõrgessaare Parish.

Hiiumaa Parish
Hiiumaa Parish (Estonian: Hiiumaa vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia on the island of Hiiumaa. Hiiumaa Parish was established by merging Emmaste Parish, Hiiu Parish, Käina Parish and Pühalepa Parish after the municipal elections held on 15 October 2017. Kärdla is the administrative center of the municipality. The current mayor (vallavanem) is Hergo Tasuja. The municipalities of Emmaste and Pühalepa contested their forced merger with Hiiu and Käina to form the new Hiiumaa municipality, which includes the whole island and what is Hiiu County.
Carposina sasakii
The peach fruit moth (Carposina sasakii) is a species of moth of the Carposinidae family. It is endemic to large parts of Asia, including Japan, Korea, China and Russia (Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai).

The wingspan is 13–17 mm.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Stagg Music
Stagg music is a Belgian musical instrument company headquartered in Brussels, currently a subsidiary of EMD Music. The company produce a wide range of musical instruments, which includes string instruments (electric, acoustic and classical guitars, bass guitars, banjos, mandolins, ukuleles, double basses, violins, violas, cellos, bows), percussion instruments (drum kits and pads, cymbals, drum sticks), tuned metal (xylophone, metallophones), free reed (harmonicas, melodicas) and brass instruments (flugelhornes, euphoniums, saxophones) as well as effects units and other accessories.

Cymbal
The cymbals (/ˈsɪm.bəl/ ⓘ) are common percussion instruments. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various copper alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs (such as crotales) sound a definite note. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra and percussion ensembles to jazz bands, rock bands, and marching bands. Drum kits usually incorporate at least a crash, a ride, or a crash/ride cymbal and a pair of hi-hat cymbals. A player of cymbals is known as a cymbalist.
Condé Benoist Pallen
Condé Benoist Pallen (December 5, 1858 – May 26, 1929) was an American Catholic editor and author. He was editor of Church Progress and the Catholic World from 1887 to 1897. He was managing editor of the Catholic Encyclopedia from 1904 to 1920. He wrote essays, poetry, and novels.

The Catholic World
The Catholic World was an American periodical founded by Paulist Father Isaac Thomas Hecker in April 1865.  It was published by the Paulist Fathers for over a century.  According to Paulist Press, Hecker "wanted to create an intellectual journal for a growing Catholic population, and insisted that it be a first-class publication in format, quality, and style, equal if not superior to any secular magazine in the country."

Early issues featured many articles by Orestes Brownson, including the May 1870 essay "Church and State", which described Brownson's understanding of the proper relationship between the Church and the state.

In the twentieth century, the magazine included commentary on political and religious events of the day, as well as fiction and poetry by Catholic writers.  The magazine was renamed New Catholic World in 1972, but reverted to its original title in 1989.  It ceased publication in 1996.
Kiyotake, Miyazaki
Kiyotake (清武町, Kiyotake-chō) was a town located in Miyazaki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 28,937 and the density of 605.25 persons per km2. The total area was 47.81 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Kiyotake was merged into the expanded city of Miyazaki and no longer exists as an independent municipality. Miyazaki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Susan Jeske
Susan Jeske (born November 28, 1961) is the current CEO of Ms. America Pageant. In 1997 she was the first winner of Ms. America, a lesser known beauty peagant, which she purchased afterwards, holding a remodeled version of it since 2002. She has been involved in pageantry since 1983 as a competitor, judge, and pageant director at over 200 local, state, national and international pageant competitions. In 2007, Jeske was honored with the Lifetime Presidential Award from the President of the United States, George W. Bush for her lifetime contributions to charity and volunteerism. Other titles of her Ms. America Pageant company include Ms. International, Teen Ms. America, Ms. America Beauty Teen and Ms. America Fitness Pageants.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.