hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amba (landform)
An amba (Amharic: ዐምባ āmbā, Tigrinya: እምባ imbā) is a characteristic landform in Ethiopia. It is a steep-sided, flat-topped mountain, often the site of villages, wells, and their surrounding farmland. Such settlements were frequently located on these amba plateaus because they were very defensible and often virtually inaccessible from the ground.

The original term in Amharic indicates a mountain fortress. Amba Geshen, for example, is a historically significant amba where members of royal families were kept under guard for their safety and to prevent their participation in plots against the sitting emperor. Other noted Ambas include Amba Aradam and Amba Alagi, sites of famous battles during the first and second Italo-Ethiopian Wars.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Joey Boy (film)
Joey Boy is a 1965 British comedy war film directed by Frank Launder and starring Harry H. Corbett, Stanley Baxter, Bill Fraser, Percy Herbert, Lance Percival and Reg Varney.  It was based on the 1959 novel by Eddie Chapman.

Eddie Chapman
Edward Arnold Chapman (16 November 1914 – 11 December 1997) was an English criminal and wartime spy. During the Second World War he offered his services to Nazi Germany as a spy and subsequently became a British double agent. His British Secret Service handlers codenamed him Agent Zigzag in acknowledgement of his erratic personal history.

He had a number of criminal aliases known by the British police, amongst them Edward Edwards, Arnold Thompson and Edward Simpson. His German codename was Fritz or, later, after endearing himself to his German contacts, its diminutive form of Fritzchen.
Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson
Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390s – 4 May 1436) was a Swedish nobleman, rebel leader and military leader of German ancestry. He was the leader of the Engelbrekt rebellion in 1434 against Eric of Pomerania, king of the Kalmar Union.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Giacomo Bernardi
Giacomo Bernardi is a Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California Santa Cruz.  
He earned his B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. at the University of Paris and did post-doctoral work from 1991 to 1994 at Hopkins Marine Station at Stanford University.

His research includes working on phylogeography, speciation and molecular ecology of fishes, particularly in fishes lacking a pelagic larval phase, Gulf of California and Pacific disjunct species, and in surfperches (Embiotocidae).  
His research compares phylogeographic and gene expression patterns to test for local adaptation in a high gene flow species.   
He is also interested in population structure of coastal and island groupers.  
He also investigates adult population structure and the structure of a new year-class within Sebastes mystinus (blue rockfish) and Sebastes atrovirens (kelp rockfish) over multiple temporal and spatial scales. 
He studies at the Richard Gump South Pacific Research Station.

Hopkins Marine Station
Hopkins Marine Station is the marine laboratory of Stanford University. It is located 90 miles (145 km) south of the university's main campus, in Pacific Grove, California (United States) on the Monterey Peninsula, adjacent to the Monterey Bay Aquarium. It is home to ten research laboratories and a fluctuating population of graduate and undergraduate students. It has also been used for archaeological exploration, including of the Chinese-American fishing village that existed on the site before burning down in 1906.
Ngamatapouri
Ngamatapouri is a small rural locality in the Waitōtara River valley, 47 km north of Waitōtara village, in south Taranaki, New Zealand. Whanganui is about 80 km to the southeast. The road is sealed as far as the school.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the black teals" for Ngāmatapōuri.

Community life centres on Ngamatapouri School. The area is predominantly reliant on sheep and beef pastoral farming.

Sheep farming
Sheep farming or sheep husbandry is the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. It is a branch of animal husbandry. Sheep are raised principally for their meat (lamb and mutton), milk (sheep's milk), and fiber (wool). They also yield sheepskin and parchment.

Sheep can be raised in a range of temperate climates, including arid zones near the equator and other torrid zones. Farmers build fences, housing, shearing sheds, and other facilities on their property, such as for water, feed, transport, and pest control. Most farms are managed so sheep can graze pastures, sometimes under the control of a shepherd or sheep dog.

Farmers can select from various breeds suitable for their region and market conditions. When the farmer sees that a ewe (female adult) is showing signs of heat or estrus, they can organise for mating with males. Newborn lambs are typically subjected to lamb marking, which involves tail docking, mulesing, earmarking, and males may be castrated.
English Civil War Society
The English Civil War Society was founded in 1980 and is the umbrella organisation for the King's Army and the Roundhead Association. The purpose of the Society is to raise awareness of the conflict between King Charles I of England and his supporters and their opponents in Parliament and Scotland. The society does this by staging re-enactments of civil war battles and other types of living history and educational displays across the UK. The  re-enactment societies are concerned with technical details about regiments, their weapons and their clothing and way of life as well as mock battles using authentic pikes, muskets and cannon.

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
Francis D. Alling House
The Francis D. Alling House is a historic house at 323 East Avenue in Tallmadge, Ohio. Owner Francis D. Alling, a local builder and craftsman, built the house for himself in 1875 after living in an older house on the property for over a decade. Alling designed the house in the Italianate style, which he also used for several other houses in the area. The two-story house features a tower at its southeast corner which reaches a story above the main house and is topped by a mansard roof. The house's design also includes a full front porch with a bracketed cornice, a projecting bay, and bracketed eaves. Three outbuildings are present on the property: a bank barn that predates the house, an outhouse, and a modern garage.

The house was listed in the National Register on November 30, 1987.

Tallmadge, Ohio
Tallmadge (/ˈtælmɪdʒ/ TAL-mij) is a city in eastern Summit County, Ohio, United States, with a small district in neighboring Portage County. It is a suburb of Akron and part of the Akron metropolitan area. The population was 18,394 at the 2020 census. Tallmadge was founded in 1807 and is the second-oldest city in Summit County, following Hudson, which was founded in 1799.
Joseph Ture Jr.
Joseph Donald Ture Jr. (born February 7, 1951) is an American serial killer, serial rapist, mass murderer, and kidnapper who committed at least six murders in central Minnesota from 1978 to 1980. He murdered four members of the Huling family in Clearwater during a burglary of their residence in December 1978, followed by the sexual assault and murder of two female college students in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area in 1979 and 1980. He is currently serving six life sentences at MCF Stillwater in Bayport, Minnesota.

Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.
Solar eclipse of December 14, 2020
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, December 14, 2020, with a magnitude of 1.0254. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.8 days after perigee (on December 12, 2020, at 20:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Totality was visible from parts of southern Chile and Argentina. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of central and southern South America, Southern Africa, and Antarctica. A total solar eclipse crossed a similar region of the Earth about a year and a half earlier on July 2, 2019.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Kan Jong-wook
Kan Jong-wook (Korean: 간종욱; born April, 1982) is a South Korean singer and songwriter. He is a twin brother of lyricist Kan Jong-woo. They have formed a K-pop vocal duo called "J2" (Korean: 제이투) in 2010. He sang many K-pop songs, including original soundtracks for television series Apgujeong Midnight Sun, Royal Family, May Queen, Pink Lipstick, Bravo, My Love!, and Gloria. He has recorded more than 24 albums (OSTs + self titled singles and extended plays).

Bravo, My Love!
Bravo, My Love! (Korean: 애정만만세; RR: Aejeongmanmanse; lit. Hooray for Love) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Lee Bo-young, Lee Tae-sung and Jin Yi-han. It aired on MBC from July 16, 2011, to January 29, 2012 on Monday and Friday at 21:45 for 57 episodes.
Shoestring Glacier
The Shoestring Glacier is a small valley glacier, stretching out from the 8,364-foot (2,549 m) peak of Mount St. Helens in Skamania county in southwest Washington in the United States. The source of the glacier was an ice and snow field on the summit of the mountain. 75% of the glacier's volume was removed through the 1980 volcanic activity of St. Helens, creating deadly lahars down the mountainside. The glacier has also created a truncated spur on the mountain.

Glacier morphology
Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Types of glaciers can range from massive ice sheets, such as the Greenland ice sheet, to small cirque glaciers found perched on mountain tops. Glaciers can be grouped into two main categories:

Ice flow is constrained by the underlying bedrock topography

Ice flow is unrestricted by surrounding topography
1998–99 Divizia D
The 1998–99 Divizia D was the 57th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association promoted to Divizia C without promotion play-off.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Shephard's lemma
Shephard's lemma is a result in microeconomics having applications in the theory of the firm and in consumer choice. The lemma states that if indifference curves of the expenditure or cost function are convex, then the cost-minimizing point of a given good () with price  is unique. The idea is that a consumer will buy a unique ideal amount of each item to minimize the price for obtaining a certain level of utility given the price of goods in the market.

The lemma is named after Ronald Shephard, who proved it using the distance formula in his book Theory of Cost and Production Functions in 1953. The equivalent result in the context of consumer theory was first derived by Lionel W. McKenzie in 1957.  It states that the partial derivatives of the expenditure function with respect to the prices of goods equal the Hicksian demand functions for the relevant goods. Similar results had already been derived by John Hicks (1939) and Paul Samuelson (1947).

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Guillermo Kalbreyer
Wilhelm (Guillermo) Kalbreyer (1847–1912) was a German plant collector who was sent by James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London to collect new plants in West Africa and South America.

According to Hortus Veitchii, the Veitch family history:

Guillermo Kalbreyer, a promising young man, twenty-nine years of age, entered Messrs. Veitch's service as a plant-collector in 1876, and his first trip was to the West Coast of Africa in search of tropical flowering and foliage plants, very popular at that time.

Adenorandia
Adenorandia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Vermoesen in 1922. The genus contains only one species, viz. Adenorandia kalbreyeri, which is found from west-central tropical Africa.
Mornago
Mornago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 45 km northwest of Milan and about 10 km southwest of Varese. It has a population of 5011 inhabitants and an area of 12  km².

Mornago contains the frazione (subdivision) of Crugnola, Montonate and Vinago, and borders the municipalities of Arsago Seprio, Besnate, Casale Litta, Crosio della Valle, Sumirago and Vergiate.

Province of Varese
The province of Varese (Italian: provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Varese, but the largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016 and the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune (municipality) of the province. The province has 139 municipalities.

It has a population of 881,907 in an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi), making it the 6th most densely populated province of Italy.
Wade Blanchard
Wade Michael Blanchard (March 3, 1959 – May 9, 2025) was a Canadian curler. He was a World Senior Curling champion. He is the only Saint John, New Brunswick-area curler to have played at the Brier, Canadian Mixed Curling Championship, Canadian Senior Curling Championships and the World Senior Curling Championships.

Blanchard was born to Mike and Bernice Blanchard in Windsor, Nova Scotia in 1959. He began curling in 1972–73. He moved to Rothesay, New Brunswick in 1978.

Canadian Mixed Curling Championship
The Canadian Mixed Curling Championship is the national curling championship for mixed curling in Canada. The winners of the tournament represent Canada at the World Mixed Curling Championship.

In mixed curling, the positions on a team must alternate between men and women. If a man throws last rocks, which is usually the case, the women must throw lead rocks and third rocks, while the other male member of the team throws second rocks. In 2004, Shannon Kleibrink became the only woman to skip a team and win a Canadian Mixed championship.
Derek Harrison (cyclist)
Derek Harrison (5 March 1944 – 15 May 2018) was a British cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1964 Summer Olympics as well as the 1968 and 1969 Tour de France.

Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team road race time trial was a road bicycle racing event held as part of the Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 14 October 1964. 33 teams of 4 cyclists competed. The course was slightly over 36.6 kilometres long, with 3 laps being required to give a total distance of 109.893 kilometres.
Chris White (linebacker)
Christopher Andrew White (born January 15, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL draft. White attended Vancleave (Miss.) High School. He played college football for the Mississippi Gulf Coast Bulldogs and Mississippi State Bulldogs.

Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College (MGCCC) is a public community college with its main campus in Perkinston, Mississippi.  It was founded as Harrison County Agricultural High School in 1912.

MGCCC has three campuses and seven centers:

The main campus in Perkinston;

The Jackson County Campus in Gautier;

The Harrison County Campus in Gulfport;

The George County Center in Lucedale;

The West Harrison County Center in Long Beach;

The Advanced Manufacturing & Technology Center in Gulfport;

The Keesler Center at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi;

The Naval Construction Battalion Center in Gulfport;

The Bryant Center at Tradition in Harrison County; and

The Haley Reeves Barbour Maritime Training Academy in Pascagoula.

MGCCC also offers a Community Campus that provides workforce education programs, onsite and online, to south Mississippi residents and employers.
Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia
Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name gooseberryleaf globemallow. It is native to the western United States, where it can be found in the Great Basin and surrounding regions. It grows in sagebrush, woodlands, playas, and the canyons of the upper Colorado River. It is common in disturbed areas, such as habitat recently cleared by wildfire.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Sanja Đorđević
Sanja Đorđević (Serbian: Сања Ђорђевић; born 1969) is a Serbian turbo-folk singer best known for her hit-songs "Crveni lak" (2005), "Mutivoda" (1999) and "Svetlo crveno" (2008).

Born in 1969 in Pljevlja, she was brought up in Sarajevo. Her first album, Ko je ta, was released in 1987 by Diskoton label, while her breakthrough came in 2003. She took a four-year break between 2008 and 2013, which made her lose popularity. She is married to a former footballer, Petar, with whom she has a daughter.

Diskoton
Diskoton was a major record label in SFR Yugoslavia, based in Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The company ceased to exist in 1992, with the outbreak of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The studio was destroyed along with all master recordings.
2015 Miami Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Novak Djokovic defeated Andy Murray in the final, 7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2015 Miami Open. Djokovic completed his third Sunshine Double with the win, and claimed his fifth Miami Open title. It was also his second consecutive Sunshine Double.

Steve Darcis
Steve Darcis (French pronunciation: [stiv daʁsi], born 13 March 1984) is a Belgian tennis coach and a former professional player. Darcis won two ATP titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 38 on 22 May 2017.