hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
THC-VHS
THC valine hemisuccinate (THC-VHS, NB-1111, SBI-100) is a synthetic prodrug of tetrahydrocannabinol, developed at the University of Mississippi as a stabilised formulation for ophthalmic administration, for use in the treatment of glaucoma and other eye conditions requiring reduction in intraocular pressure.

Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Gothers
Gothers is a hamlet near and northeast of St Dennis (where the 2011 census population was included ) in mid Cornwall, England.

The manor of Gothers was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Sheerwold from Robert, Count of Mortain. He had also held it before 1066. There were 2 acres of land and land for 1 plough. There were 1 villein, 1 serf, a quarter of a square league of pasture, 2 cattle and 9 sheep. The value of the manor was 3 shillings though it had formerly been worth 10 shillings.

Robert, Count of Mortain
Robert, Count of Mortain, 1st Earl of Cornwall of 2nd creation (c. 1031–c. 1095) was a Norman nobleman and the half-brother (on their mother's side) of King William the Conqueror. He was one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, and as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 was one of the greatest landholders in his half-brother's new Kingdom of England.
Military settlement
Military settlements (Russian: Военные поселения) were a special organization of the Russian military forces in 1810–1857, which allowed the combination of military service and agricultural employment. This organization turned out to be a failure, with the exception of the area of Caucasus Mountains, where the settlers played their role in defense against the incursions of belligerent local peoples, and after the insurgency was sufficiently suppressed, the settlers joined the local Cossack hosts.

Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).
2018 European Darts Grand Prix
The 2018 European Darts Grand Prix was the fifth of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2018 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Glaspalast, Sindelfingen, Germany, between 4–6 May 2018. It featured a field of 48 players and £135,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Peter Wright was the defending champion after defeating Michael van Gerwen 6–0 in the 2017 final, but he was defeated 6–5 in the third round to Danny Noppert.

Michael van Gerwen won the tournament for a second time, defeating James Wade 8–3 in the final whilst averaging over 109 for the third successive game.

2018 PDC Pro Tour
The 2018 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Players Championships, UK Open Qualifiers and European Tour events are the events that make up the Pro Tour. In this year there are 41 PDC Pro Tour events being held – 22 Players Championships, six UK Open Qualifiers and 13 European Tour events.

This page also includes results from the PDC’s affiliated tours including the Development and Challenge Tours and all the regional tours as well as the results from the World Championship regional qualifiers.
Doyle Road Covered Bridge
Doyle Road Bridge is a covered bridge spanning Mill Creek in Jefferson Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The bridge, one of 16 drivable bridges in the county, is a single span Town truss design, with laminated arches added during its renovation in 1987.  The bridge’s WGCB number is 35-04-16, and it is located approximately 1.9 mi (3.1 km) north-northwest of Jefferson.

Lattice truss bridge
A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.

Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.
History of model organisms
Model organisms are specific organisms studied to gain knowledge of other organisms, to generalize both within and between species. Model organisms offer standards for comparison of other organisms. Model organism strains are standardized by inbreeding and cloning, to limit genetic variation and create a precise basis for comparison.
Some organisms
are experimentally convenient
and/or important for their history
and research community.

The idea of the model organism first took root in the middle of the 19th century with the work of scientists like Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel and their respective work on natural selection and the genetics of heredity.  Beginning in the early 1900s, laboratory experimentation on Drosophila was expanded to use tobacco mosaic virus, E. coli, C57BL/6 (lab mice), etc.  These organisms have led to many advances in the past century.

Genetic variation
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species.  The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination.  Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as  genetic drift, contribute to it, as well.
Divya Kakran
Divya Kakran (born 2 July 1998) is an Indian freestyle wrestler. A multiple-time medalist at the Asian Championships, she has also won medals at the Asian Games and the Commonwealth Games. In recognition of her contributions to Indian wrestling, she was conferred with the Arjuna Award in 2020. Kakran is presently employed with the Government of Uttar Pradesh as a Naib Tehsildar.

Tehsildar
In Bangladesh, India, and  Pakistan, a tehsildar, talukdar, or mamlatdar is a land revenue officer accompanied by revenue inspectors. They are in charge of obtaining taxes from a tehsil with regard to land revenue. A tehsildar is also known as an executive magistrate of the relevant tehsil. The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a naib tehsildar.
J. J. Sedelmaier
J. J. Sedelmaier (born March 12, 1956) is an American animator, illustrator, designer, author and film director/producer, known for co-creating (with Robert Smigel) the "Saturday TV Funhouse" segment—including The Ambiguously Gay Duo and The X-Presidents—on the TV series Saturday Night Live; as well as the Tek Jansen series on The Colbert Report, the interstitial cartoons seen in the USA TV series Psych, and over 500 other TV and advertising projects.

White Plains, New York
White Plains is a city in and the county seat of Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, and a commercial hub of Westchester County, a densely populated suburban county that is home to about one million people. White Plains is located in south-central Westchester County. Its downtown (Mamaroneck Avenue) is 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan.

The city's total population was 59,599 in the 2020 census, up from 53,077 at the 2010 census. According to the city government, the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000.
Gonimbrasia belina
Gonimbrasia belina is a species of emperor moth which is native to the warmer parts of southern Africa. Its large edible caterpillar, known as the mopane worm, madora, amacimbi, pigeon moth or masonja, feeds primarily but not exclusively on mopane tree leaves. Mopane worms are an important source of protein for many in the region. The species was first scientifically described by John O. Westwood in 1849.

John O. Westwood
John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first entomologists with an academic position at Oxford University. He was a natural theologian, staunchly anti-Darwinian, and sometimes adopted a quinarian viewpoint. Although he never travelled widely, he described species from around the world on the basis of specimens, especially of the larger, curious, and colourful species obtained by naturalists and collectors in England.
Valley College station
Valley College station is a station on the G Line of the Los Angeles Metro Busway system.  It is named after the adjacent Los Angeles Valley College.

The station is in the Valley Glen district of the City of Los Angeles, located on Burbank Boulevard and Fulton Avenue, in the eastern San Fernando Valley.

Valley Glen, Los Angeles
Valley Glen is a neighborhood in the southeastern section of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California. Once part of Van Nuys and North Hollywood, it became a separate neighborhood in 1998. Valley Glen is home to Los Angeles Valley College and the Great Wall of Los Angeles, a half-mile-long California-history mural listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
LGBTQ culture in Vienna
Vienna, the capital of Austria, has an active LGBTQIA+ community. Vienna is considered Austria's queer capital, with several LGBTQIA+ spaces, organisations and a history of LGBTQIA+ activism going back to the late 19th century.

HOSI Wien
The Homosexual Initiative Vienna (HOSI Wien) was founded in Vienna in 1979. It is Austria's oldest and largest gay, lesbian and bisexual association. It is a member-based organisation holding an annual general meeting and board elections. The organisation supports several sub groups including a youth group and women's group. It organises the annual Vienna Pride and Rainbow Parade.
Guillermo Tamborrel Suárez
Guillermo Enrique Marcos Tamborrel Suárez (born 25 April 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). He served as a senator during the 60th and 61st sessions of Congress (2006–2012), representing Querétaro. He also served as a federal deputy during the 59th Congress (2003–2006), representing Querétaro's third district, and as a local deputy in the Congress of Querétaro.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Faiz Ali Chishti
Faiz Ali Chishti (Urdu: فیض علی چشتی; 1927 – 23 December 2024) was a Pakistani Lieutenant General and Corps commander of X Corps. He was born in Punjab in 1927. He joined the British Indian army in 1946 as an artillery officer and later joined the Pakistani army after partition in 1947. He was from 60 Medium Regiment Artillery in which he was later posted as CO (Commanding Officer).

Chishti was the architect of the 1977 martial law imposed in Pakistan, commanding the Corps of Military Police that held many political prisoners at that time. He wrote the book Betrayals of Another Kind. Islam, Democracy and the Army in Pakistan  detailing President Zia-ul-Haq and the 1977 Pakistani military coup. He died after a prolonged illness at the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) Rawalpindi Cantt, on 23 December 2024, at the age of 97.

Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology
The Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (Urdu: مسلح افواج امراض دل ہسپتال, or AFIC) also known as the National Institute of Heart Diseases or NIHD is a government and military cardiac hospital located in Rawalpindi Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. This 800-bed cardiac health care institute is a major institute and hospital in Pakistan. The hospital delivers heart disease and health care services to people of Pakistan Armed Forces and fellow citizens of Pakistan.
Gaoling, Xi'an
Gaoling District (simplified Chinese: 高陵区; traditional Chinese: 高陵區; pinyin: Gāolíng Qū) is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. The most densely populated of the ten districts of Xi'an, the district borders the prefecture-level city of Xianyang to the northwest, Lintong District to the east, Baqiao District to the south, and Weiyang District to the southwest.

Northwestern China
Northwestern China (Chinese: 中国西北地区) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant ethnic minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Karl-Rudolf Koch
Karl-Rudolf Koch (born 30 July 1935) is a German geodesist and professor at the University of Bonn (FRG). In the global geodetic community, he is well known for his research work in geodetic statistics, particularly robust parameter estimation and in gravity field models.

Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.
Akiko Chubachi
Akiko Chubachi (中鉢 明子, Chubachi Akiko) (born February 18, 1982) assumed the duties of Miss Universe Japan 2007, after originally being the second runner-up. She became Miss Universe Japan after the winner, Riyo Mori, claimed the Miss Universe crown and first runner-up, Rei Hamada, turned the title down. Akiko is a graduate of Tamagawa University and has an elementary school teacher's certificate. She has travelled to 30 countries on her own doing volunteer work. She is a model and stands 5 ft 8 in (173 cm).

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
Thomas R. Coon
Thomas Ray Coon (March 4, 1854 - February 8, 1937) was a teacher and farmer from Hood River, Oregon who served two terms (1893-1896) as a Republican member of the Oregon House of Representatives from the 47th district (Sherman and Wasco counties), as well as serving as mayor of Hood River. He was a grandson of Paul Crandall, who had served in the Wisconsin State Assembly before migrating to Oregon.

Wasco County, Oregon
Wasco County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,213.  Its county seat is The Dalles. The county is named for a local tribe of Native Americans, the Wasco, a Chinook tribe who live on the south side of the Columbia River. It is near the Washington state line. Wasco County comprises The Dalles Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Unga Örnar
Unga Örnar (Young Eagles), officially Unga Örnars Riksförbund (Young Eagles' Realm League), is a children's organisation in Sweden. Unga Örnar was founded on 7 November 1931 by the labour movement and the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League (SSU), in order to function as a secular organisation for leisure and cultural activities for working class children. In 1933, Unga Örnar was declared as a non-partisan organization, albeit it remains linked with the labour movement. As of 2023, the organization claims a membership of around 6,000 nation-wide.

Swedish Social Democratic Youth League
The Swedish Social Democratic Youth League (Swedish: Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Ungdomsförbund [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs sʊsɪˈɑ̂ːldɛmʊˌkrɑːtɪska ˈɵ̂ŋdʊmsfœrˌbɵnd] ⓘ; abbr. SSU) is a branch of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish Trade Union Confederation in Sweden. The president has been Moska Hassas, since August 2025.
D59 road
D59 is a state road connecting the city of Knin with D8 state road near Pirovac.

The road also serves as a connecting road to the A1 motorway as it is connected to Pirovac interchange via a short connector road. The northern terminus of the road is located immediately to the west of Knin, and the road is normally considered to run to the city itself. Likewise, the southern terminus is immediately to the south of Pirovac. The intersection with D8 state road, where D59 terminates, also represents the northern terminus of D121 state road to Murter. The road is 53.6 km (33.3 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Knin
Knin (pronounced [knîːn]) is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as the capital of both the medieval Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina within the newly independent Republic of Croatia for the duration of the Croatian War of Independence from 1991 to 1995.
1957 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.

The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October–December 1956.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Civil Defence Corps
The Civil Defence Corps (CDC) was a civilian volunteer organisation established in Great Britain in 1949 to mobilise and take local control of the affected area in the aftermath of a major national emergency, principally envisaged as being a Cold War nuclear attack. By March 1956, the Civil Defence Corps had 330,000 personnel. It was stood down in Great Britain in 1968. Many other countries maintain a national Civil Defence Corps, including the Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps and the Civil Defence Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. These corps usually have a wide brief for assisting in large scale civil emergencies such as flood, earthquake, invasion, or civil disorder.
Józef Feldman
Józef Feldman (wartime pseudonym: Józef Sokołowski; born on 1 August 1899 in Przemyśl, died on 16 June 1946 in Kraków) was a Polish historian of Jewish ethnicity, professor of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.

Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.

Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.
Kampong Madewa
Kampong Madewa is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei, as well as a neighbourhood in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 865 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Kilanas. The postcode is BF1120.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
Battle of Dujaila
The Battle of Dujaila (Turkish: Sâbis Muharebesi) was fought on 8 March 1916, between British and Ottoman forces during the First World War. The Ottoman forces, led by Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz were besieging Kut, when the Anglo-Indian relief force, led by Lieutenant-General Fenton Aylmer, attempted to relieve the city. The attempt failed, and Aylmer lost 3,500 men.

Kut
Kūt (Arabic: ٱلْكُوت, romanized: al-Kūt), officially Al-Kut, also spelled Kutulamare, Kut al-Imara or Kut Al Amara, is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about 160 kilometres (99 miles) south east of Baghdad, and the capital of the Wasit Governorate. As of 2018 the estimated population is about 389,400 people. It is the capital of the province long known as Al Kut, but since the 1960s renamed Wasit.

The old town of Kut is within a sharp "U" bend of the river, opposite from the point where the Shatt al-Gharraf branches off from the Tigris. This U-shaped bend almost makes it an island but for a narrow connection to the shore. Kut was a regional center of the carpet trade for centuries. The area around Kut is a fertile cereal grain growing region. The Baghdad Nuclear Research Facility, looted following the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, is located near Kut.