hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victoria Max-Theurer
Victoria "Vici" Max-Theurer (born 24 October 1985 in Linz, Austria) is an Austrian Olympic dressage rider. Representing Austria, she has competed in five Olympic Games (in 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020). Her best Olympic result is 8th place, achieved in the team dressage competition in 2004, while her highest individual Olympic placement is 13th place from 2012.

She has also competed at two World Equestrian Games (2006 and 2014) and at nine European Dressage Championships (2003 - 2017, 2021). She placed 5th in both the special and freestyle individual competitions at the 2009 European Championships held at Windsor Castle.

In 2021, she withdrew from the Olympic competition just hours before the event because her horse had a dental problem.

She is the daughter of Elisabeth Theurer, the 1980 Olympic champion in individual dressage.

European Dressage Championships
The European Dressage Championships are the European championships for the equestrian discipline of dressage. They are held every two years in odd-numbered years. Gold, silver, and bronze medals are awarded in both individual and team competitions. There are also championships held for juniors, young riders, and ponies. Since 2015, the competition has shared a site and branding with vaulting, reining, jumping, and driving events. For sponsorship reasons, eventing is not included, as it is part of the FEI European Championships, echoing the combined World Equestrian Games concept. The first official combined event took place in Aachen in 2015.
SS California (1848)
SS California was one of the first steamships to steam in the Pacific Ocean and the first steamship to travel from Central America to North America. She was built for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, which was founded on April 18, 1848, as a joint stock company in the State of New York by a group of New York City merchants: William H. Aspinwall, Edwin Bartlett, Henry Chauncey, Mr. Alsop, G.G. Howland, and S.S. Howland. She was the first of three steamboats specified in a government mail contract to provide mail, passenger, and freight service from Panama to and from San Francisco and Oregon.

William Henry Aspinwall
William Henry Aspinwall (December 16, 1807 – January 18, 1875) was a prominent American businessman who was a partner in the merchant firm of Howland & Aspinwall and was a co-founder of both the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and Panama Canal Railway companies which revolutionized the migration of goods and people to the Western coast of the United States.

Aspinwall was descended from, and related to, many prominent American families including the Roosevelts, Howlands, and Aspinwalls, that were heavily involved in the merchant trade business and politics, wielding vast power and ensuring wealth for generations.
2024 National Bank Open – Men's singles
Alexei Popyrin defeated Andrey Rublev in the final, 6–2, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2024 Canadian Open. It was his first Masters 1000 title and third career ATP Tour title. Popyrin saved three match points en route to the title, in the third round against Grigor Dimitrov. He was the first Australian to win a Masters title since Lleyton Hewitt at the 2003 Indian Wells Masters. Ranked No. 62, Popyrin was the second lowest-ranked men's singles champion at the Canadian Open, after Mikael Pernfors (ranked No. 95) in 1993.

Jannik Sinner was the defending champion, but lost to Rublev in the quarterfinals. Rublev was just the third player born in 1990 or later to reach the quarterfinals or better at all nine Masters events and all four majors, after Daniil Medvedev and Dimitrov.

James Duckworth (tennis)
James “Quackerjack” Duckworth (born 21 January 1992) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 46 achieved on 31 January 2022 and No. 185 in doubles achieved on 10 February 2020. Duckworth represented Australia in tennis at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2022 ATP Cup.

As a junior, Duckworth enjoyed a successful career which included winning three titles and reaching the semifinals of the 2010 French Open.
1904 German football championship
The 1904 German football championship was the second competition to determine the national champion of Germany.

The competition was not fully played, however, as the German Football Association (DFB) aborted it due to a protest by Karlsruher FV. Karlsruhe had protested the fact that matches had not been played on neutral ground as was stipulated by the rules. The DFB had already ignored this rule for financial reasons in the previous year, but this time Karlsruhe argued that some of their players could not travel to the match in Berlin and this had caused Karlsruhe's defeat. As a result, the championship was annulled.

As in the previous season, all champions of local and regional associations were allowed to enter the competition, but clubs from outside Germany were excluded. Eight clubs eventually entered the competition, two more than in the year before.

Karlsruher FV
The Karlsruher Fußball-Verein e. V. is a German association football club that plays in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg. Established on 17 November 1891, KFV was a founding member of the German Football Association (Deutscher Fussball-Bund) in 1900 and is the oldest still existing football club in Southern Germany. The club was one of the leading German football clubs before the First World War. The team went on to capture the national championship in 1910 with a 1–0 victory over Holstein Kiel, but lost the final in 1905 and 1912. The KFV claimed the Southern German football championship from 1901 to 1905 and from 1910 to 1912. After a financial collapse and a resulting disqualification from league operations in 2004, the club continued its activities in 2007.
The Medicine Bottle
The Medicine Bottle is a 1909 American silent thriller film written and directed by D. W. Griffith, produced by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York City, and starring Florence Lawrence, Adele DeGarde, and  Marion Leonard. At its release in March 1909, the short was distributed to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single projection reel that accommodated more than one film. This drama shared its reel with another Biograph short directed by Griffith, the comedy Jones and His New Neighbors.

Original contact-print paper rolls of both motion pictures, as well as projectable safety-stock copies of them, are preserved in the Library of Congress.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Norwich Women's Film Weekend
The Norwich Women's Film Weekend (NWFW) was a two-day annual event that ran for 10 years, from 1979 to 1989, at Cinema City in Norwich. It was organised to 'promote and encourage women film-makers and present the audience with films dealing with women's issues', as the first programme (1979) put it. It was the first event created, curated, managed and implemented by a group called Cinewomen. The NWFW lasted longer than any other women's film festival in the UK and forms part of the history of women's cinema and feminism more generally, and also the history of culture and the arts in Norwich.

The Reckless Moment
The Reckless Moment is a 1949 American noir melodrama film directed by Max Ophüls, produced by Walter Wanger, and released by Columbia Pictures with Burnett Guffey as cinematographer. It starred James Mason and Joan Bennett. The film is based on The Blank Wall (1947), a novel written by Elisabeth Sanxay Holding. The 2001 film The Deep End is a remake based on the same source material.
The Uncommons
The Uncommons is a board game café in New York City established in 2013, located at 230 Thompson Street in Greenwich Village. It has claimed to be the first board game café in Manhattan, and the largest board game library on the East Coast.

Visitors pay a $10 cover charge to access the cafe's lending library of games for 3 hours, and can be served coffee, tea, beer and wine. Despite this, the venues are promoted as a less alcoholic "bar alternative" for New York nightlife.

The cafe caters to high school students, hipsters, elderly people, and tourists. It has previously provided space for Bronies NYC and school chess clubs, and hosts regular events for role-playing games as well as tournaments for Magic: The Gathering.

Cover charge
A cover charge is an entrance fee sometimes charged at bars, nightclubs, or restaurants. It is collected upon entry or as an additional charge on the bill.

In restaurants, cover charges generally do not include the cost of food that is specifically ordered. In some establishments, they do include the cost of bread, butter, olives and other accompaniments, though the charge is payable whether or not they are eaten.
Snapper Halt railway station
Snapper Halt railway station was a station on the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, a narrow gauge line that ran through Exmoor from Barnstaple to Lynton and Lynmouth in North Devon, England. The station served a rural area near the hamlet of Snapper.

Lynton
Lynton is a town on the Exmoor coast in the North Devon district in the county of Devon, England, approximately 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Barnstaple and 18 miles (29 km) west of Minehead, and close to the confluence of the West Lyn and East Lyn rivers. Lynton sits directly above the neighbouring village of Lynmouth; the two settlements are separated by a steep gorge.
Wysoka, Zielona Góra County
Wysoka [vɨˈsɔka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogród Bobrzański, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word wysoka, which means "high", referring to the elevation of the village.

Zielona Góra County
Zielona Góra County (Polish: powiat zielonogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zielona Góra, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Sulechów, which lies 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Nowogród Bobrzański, which lies 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra, Babimost, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Czerwieńsk, which lies 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and Kargowa, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.

The county covers an area of 1,349.75 square kilometres (521.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 75,626. The most populated towns are Sulechów with 16,831 inhabitants and Nowogród Bobrzański with 5,165 inhabitants.
Hill of Muchalls
The Hill of Muchalls is a coastal mountainous landform situated approximately 1.4 kilometres west of the Bridge of Muchalls in Aberdeenshire, Scotland within the Mounth Range of the Grampian Mountains.  The peak elevation of this mountain is 120 metres above mean sea level.    From Megray Hill there are expansive views to the North Sea facing east.  The summit affords scenic vies of the historic harbour of Stonehaven.

Landform
A landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced by human activity). Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great oceanic basins.
Dudhmukhi Wildlife Sanctuary
Dudhmukhi Wildlife Sanctuary (Bengali: দুধমুখী বন্যপ্রাণ অভয়ারণ্য) is a wildlife sanctuary located near Sarankhola in Bagerhat District of Bangladesh. The area of the sanctuary is 170 ha (420 acres). It was officially declared as a wildlife sanctuary by the government of Bangladesh on 29 January 2012.

It is one of the safe zones for vultures as per the Vulture Safe Zone-2 Schedule of the government of Bangladesh in 2012. Most of the area of Dudhmukhi consists of wetlands and Dudhmukhi river is one of the dolphin sanctuaries in Bangladesh.

Vulture
A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion. There are 23 extant species of vulture (including condors). Old World vultures include 16 living species native to Europe, Africa, and Asia; New World vultures are restricted to North and South America and consist of seven species.
A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald, unfeathered head. This bare skin is thought to keep the head clean when feeding, and also plays an important role in thermoregulation.

Vultures have been observed to hunch their bodies and tuck in their heads in the cold, and open their wings and stretch their necks in the heat. They also urinate on themselves as a means of cooling their bodies.

A group of vultures in flight is called a "kettle", while the term "committee" refers to a group of vultures resting on the ground or in trees. A group of vultures that are feeding is termed a "wake".
Domenico Turitto
Domenico Turitto was an Italian major who was part of the Royal Colonial Corps of Eritrea. He participated in the Mahdist War as he commanded the 1st Indigenous Infantry Battalion, occupying the city of Kassala and distinguishing himself at the Battle of Kassala. During the First Italo-Ethiopian War, Turitto commanded the vanguard of the Indigenous brigade under the command of Matteo Albertone before being killed in the battle. He was also a recipient of the Silver and Bronze Medals of Military Valor and a knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

Kassala
Kassala (Arabic: كسلا, Tigrinya: ከሰላ) is the capital of the state of Kassala in eastern Sudan.  In 2003 its population was recorded to be 530,950. Built on the banks of the Gash River, it is a market city and is famous for its fruit gardens. Many of its inhabitants are from the Hadendawa sub-tribe of the Beja ethnic group.

The city was formerly a railroad hub, however, as of 2006 there was no operational railway station in Kassala and much of the track leading to and from the city has been salvaged or fallen into disrepair. Kassala's location along the main Khartoum-Port Sudan highway makes it an important trade center.
Micah Naftalin
Micah H. Naftalin (1933 - December 23, 2009) was an American advocate for the rights of Soviet Jews. He was national director of the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews from February 1987 until his death.

Naftalin held a BA from Brandeis University (1955) and a JD from George Washington University Law School (1960). He served in Korea as an enlisted man in the U.S. Army from 1955 to 1957.

Before joining UCSJ, he served as an aide to U.S. Congressman Carl Elliott, as chief counsel and deputy director of the U.S. House of Representatives’ Select Committee on Government Research and as a senior policy analyst with the National Academy of Sciences. In 1982, he joined chairman Elie Wiesel on the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, which led the efforts to establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Naftalin was appointed deputy director and, later, acting director.

Naftalin died in Washington, DC.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Zerah Barnett
Zerach Barnett (Hebrew: זרח ברנט; born 16 April 1843 in Kaunas, Lithuania, died 15 October 1935 in Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine - today Israel) was a Zionist pioneer. He was one of the founders of Mea Shearim - one of the oldest Jewish neighborhoods in Jerusalem outside of the city walls, and later Petah Tikva - the first Jewish agricultural settlement. He founded Neve Shalom, the first Jewish neighbourhood of Jaffa, in 1890.

Mea Shearim
Mea Shearim (Hebrew: מאה שערים, lit., "hundred gates"; contextually, "a hundred fold", Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish pronunciation: Meye Shorim) is a neighborhood in Jerusalem, Israel. It is one of the oldest Ashkenazi neighborhoods in Jerusalem outside of the Old City. It is populated by Ashkenazi Haredi Jews, and was built by members of the Old Yishuv.
Poisson supermanifold
In differential geometry a Poisson supermanifold is a differential supermanifold M such that the supercommutative algebra of smooth functions over it (to clarify this: M is not a point set space and so, doesn't "really" exist, and really, this algebra is all we have),  is equipped with a bilinear map called the Poisson superbracket turning it into a Poisson superalgebra.

Every symplectic supermanifold is a Poisson supermanifold but not vice versa.

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
Newbrook
Newbrook is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located at the junction of Highway 63 and Highway 661, approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Thorhild and 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of Boyle.  It has an elevation of 665 metres (2,182 ft).

The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 13 and in the federal riding of Westlock-St. Paul.

The hamlet and surrounding area has a strong Polish and Ukrainian influence, mostly from immigration at the turn of the 20th century. The former Newbrook Observatory, a meteor observatory that was the first facility in North America to photograph Sputnik 1, is located in the hamlet.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
AP3M1
AP-3 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP3M1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is the medium subunit of AP-3, which is an adaptor-related protein complex associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral intracellular structures. AP-3 facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in protein sorting to the endosomal/lysosomal system. AP-3 is a heterotetrameric protein complex composed of two large subunits (delta and beta3), a medium subunit (mu3), and a small subunit (sigma 3). Mutations in one of the large subunits of AP-3 have been associated with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by defective lysosome-related organelles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.

Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (/ˈɡɒldʒi/), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus was identified in 1898 by the Italian biologist and pathologist Camillo Golgi. The organelle was later named after him in the 1910s.
Bishop Paschang Catholic School
Bishop Paschang Catholic School (Chinese: 天主教柏德學校) is a government-aided, whole day Roman Catholic coeducational primary school located in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

The school is in Primary One Admission Net 46 of Kwun Tong. With the exception of English and Mandarin lessons, the school employs Cantonese as the main medium of instruction, in line with the prevailing education policy set by the Hong Kong government. This school is generally considered as the best primary school in the area of Kowloon Bay and Ngau Tau Kok. The sponsoring body was formerly the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, commonly known as the Maryknoll Fathers. Since September 2023, the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong has taken over as the sponsoring body.

Poon Man Tik
Poon Man Tik (Chinese: 潘文迪; Jyutping: pun1 man4 dik6; born 24 February 1975) is a Hong Kong former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Rangers.
2018 Lebanese general election in North II
Voting to elect eleven members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the North II district on 6 May 2018, part of the general election of that year. The constituency had 350,147 registered to vote, out of whom 146,419 voted. Residents elect 8 Sunni, 1 Alawite, 1 Greek Orthodox and 1 Maronite seat. The constituency contains three 'minor districts', Tripoli (corresponding to Tripoli District), Miniyeh and Danniyeh (the latter two corresponding to the Miniyeh-Danniyeh District).

Tripoli District, Lebanon
The Tripoli District is a small, but very densely populated district in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It consists of the city Tripoli, its port town El Mina and the surrounding area. The vast majority of residents are Sunni Muslim (approximately 80%), a small minority Orthodox and Maronite Christians, and a small minority of Alawites.