hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Scotland
Alexander Paterson Scotland, OBE (1882–1965) was a British Army officer and intelligence officer.

Scotland was noted for his work during and after World War II as commandant of London Cage, an MI19 interrogation facility that was subject to frequent allegations of torture. He wrote about this period in his 1957 book, The London Cage.

German South West Africa
German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, when it was captured by the Western Allies during World War I. However, Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Nama genocide.

In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war, its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (a dominion within the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 March 1990.
Kyukitakami River
Kyukitakami River (Japanese:旧北上川) is natural fresh water river flowing in north–south direction near Ishinomaki city in Miyagi Prefecture of Japan. The eastern region of the river was damaged by Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. It drains to the North Pacific Ocean.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Frank Parker (United States Army officer)
Major General Frank Parker (September 21, 1872 – March 13, 1947) was a United States Army officer who had a distinguished military career spanning over forty years, which included service in the Spanish–American War and World War I. He served with distinction during the latter conflict, commanding a regiment, a brigade, and a division, and earning numerous decorations for gallantry in the process. His awards include the Army Distinguished Service Medal, two Silver Star Citations, and numerous foreign decorations and civilian accolades.

Philippine Department
The Philippine Department (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Pilipinas/Hukbong Kagawaran ng Pilipinas) was a regular United States Army organization whose mission was to defend the Philippine Islands and train the Philippine Army. On 9 April 1942, during World War II, the organization surrendered to the Japanese. The department and its sub-units were predominantly under the command of American officers, including an American general, while the majority of the troops were enlisted Filipinos, known as the Philippine Scouts (PS). The primary force of this department was the Philippine Division. Of the 22,532 troops, 10,473 were members of the Philippine Division itself.

This unit was formally organized in 1913 and, on 26 July 1941, was attached to US Army Forces – Far East (USAFFE). Following the creation of USAFFE, the Philippine Department became, in effect, a corps area service and logistical command. Tactical command was permanently transferred to USAFFE's control.
Apex Computer Productions
Apex Computer Productions was the brothers John Rowlands and Steve Rowlands, British based game designers and programmers on the Commodore 64 in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

They programmed in pure assembly language and their earliest commercial release was Cyberdyne Warrior, a platform shooter, for Hewson in 1989. Soon after, they entered a relationship with Thalamus, the game publishing arm of Newsfield, who published their next game, Retrograde.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Austin Brown House
The Austin Brown House is a historic late First Period house in Hamilton, Massachusetts. The oldest part of the house is the central core, a 2+1⁄2-story structure with a central chimney, was built c. 1725. A leanto section was added to the rear in the 18th century, and an ell was added to the left in the 19th century. At some point the leanto section was raised to a full two stories. In 1907, the house underwent significant restoration and enlargement, adding the right-side wing and replacing the roof with a higher pitch one with three gable dormers. The exterior was stuccoed at this time. Despite these changes, the First Period core of the house is largely preserved.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

First Period architecture
First Period is an American architectural style that flourished between 1626 and 1725, used primarily by British colonists during the Colonial era, particularly in Massachusetts and Virginia. Essex County, Massachusetts, has the highest number of preserved First Period buildings.
The Child (novel)
The Child is a crime novel by Sarah Schulman. Originally written in 1999, it was published by Carroll & Graff in 2007.

The novel is partially based on the real 1997 crime of 15-year-old child murderer Sam Manzie. It tells the story of Stew, a teenage boy whose prosecution for engaging in prostitution leads him into a mental breakdown. The book, Schulman's eleventh, explores topics related to homophobia, societal attitudes and child sexuality. Similar to the real life case, Stew is considered by the law of his country to be too young to engage in sexual acts with adults, but not too young to be prosecuted under the law as an adult.

The book was featured in the shortlist of Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction 2007 and as a finalist of the Ferro Grumley Award for LGBTQ Fiction 2008.

Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction
The Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation to a work of fiction on lesbian themes. As the award is presented based on themes in the work, not the sexuality or gender of the writer, men and heterosexual women may also be nominated for or win the award.
The Hollow One
The Hollow One, also known under its working title of The Darker Path, is a 2015 science fiction horror film that was written and directed by Nathan Hendrickson. The film had its world premiere at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 27, 2015 and stars Kate Alden and Chelsea Farthing.

Premiere
A premiere, also spelled première, (from French: première, 1re, transl. first, 1st) is the debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a performer in that work.
40th News and Documentary Emmy Awards
The 40th News & Documentary Emmy Awards were presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), honoring the best in American news and documentary programming in 2018. The ceremony took place on September 24, 2019, at the Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall in New York, United States. The nominations were announced on July 25, 2019, with CBS's news magazine 60 Minutes leading the nominations with 23 and PBS being the most nominated network with 47 nominations.

NBC News's chief foreign affairs correspondent and MSNBC's Andrea Mitchell Reports host Andrea Mitchell received the Lifetime Achievement Award for "her groundbreaking 50-year career covering domestic and international affairs.".

Andrea Mitchell Reports
Andrea Mitchell Reports is a news show on MSNBC that was broadcast weekdays at 12 pm ET/9 am PT hosted by Andrea Mitchell. She originally was an anchor under the MSNBC Live umbrella before getting her own distinct show, although as of March 2021, the program is branded as part of its successor MSNBC Reports (with its overall branding being modeled after Andrea Mitchell Reports). She is NBC News’ Chief Foreign Affairs correspondent. While the show is based in Washington, D.C., it typically went on location to where Mitchell is reporting for NBC News.
Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz is a molecular oncologist and virologist, a professor of molecular oncology and medical director of the Department of Applied Tumor Biology at the Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital of Heidelberg. He also heads a Clinical Cooperation at the German Cancer Research Center.

Knebel Doeberitz has published over 300 research papers about viral and molecular carcinogenesis, early detection and prevention of cancer, novel prevention, and therapeutic concepts and tumor immunology.

Knebel Doeberitz received the Ernst von Leyden award in 1998, the Christoph-Wilhelm Hufeland award in 2000, the Distinguished Service Award for Cervical Cancer in 2006, and the Felix Burda award in 2015.

University Hospital Heidelberg
University Hospital Heidelberg (German: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Abbr: UKHD or UKL-HD) is a university hospital in Heidelberg, Germany and is with 2.599 beds one of the largest medical centers in the country. It is closely linked to Heidelberg University Medical School (Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine) which was founded in 1388 and is thus the oldest within the Federal Republic of Germany. The Heidelberg University Hospital was ranked the 14th-best hospital in the world by Newsweek as of 2025.
The Cybernauts
"The Cybernauts" is the third episode of the fourth series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Diana Rigg. It was first broadcast by Scottish Television on Tuesday 12 October 1965. ABC Weekend Television, who commissioned the show, broadcast it in its own regions four days later on Saturday 16 October. The episode was directed by Sidney Hayers and written by Philip Levene.

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Marsha Greene
Marsha Greene is a Canadian television writer and producer, most noted as a writer and producer of the 2022 drama series The Porter.

She won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Writing in a Drama Series at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, and the 2023 WGC Screenwriting Award for best writing in a drama, for her work on the series.

She was previously a writer for Mary Kills People, for which she received Canadian Screen Award nominations for Best Writing in a Drama at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018, the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019, and the 8th Canadian Screen Awards in 2020.

At the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025, she was named the recipient of the Changemaker Award.

8th Canadian Screen Awards
The 8th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television from 25–28 May 2020 to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2019. The presentations were held as a series of virtual events due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nominations were announced on 18 February, with François Girard's The Song of Names leading in film nominations with 9, and Dan and Eugene Levy's sitcom Schitt's Creek leading in television with 26 nominations. Sophie Deraspe's Antigone would be the most-awarded film and win Best Motion Picture, while Cardinal would be the most-awarded television series.
Nabeela Syed
Nabeela Syed is an American politician and Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 51st district. The 51st district, located in Chicago's north suburbs, includes all or parts of Hawthorn Woods, Long Grove, Lake Zurich, Deer Park, Kildeer, Palatine, Rolling Meadows, Hoffman Estates, and Schaumburg.

Hawthorn Woods, Illinois
Hawthorn Woods is a village in Fremont and Ela townships in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 9,062. The village is located approximately 40 miles (60 km) northwest of downtown Chicago. Hawthorn Woods was officially incorporated in 1958. Major transportation arteries include Midlothian Road, Old McHenry Road, Algonquin Road, Half Day Road, and the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway.
CloudBees
CloudBees is an enterprise software delivery company. Sacha Labourey and Francois Dechery co-founded the company in early 2010, and investors include Matrix Partners, Lightspeed Venture Partners, HSBC, Verizon Ventures, Golub Capital, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Bridgepoint Group.

CloudBees is headquartered in San Jose, California with additional offices in Raleigh, North Carolina,
Lewes, Delaware, Richmond, Virginia, Berlin, London, and Neuchâtel, Switzerland. CloudBees' software originally included a Platform as a Service offering, which let developers use Jenkins (software) in the cloud, along with an on-premise version of Jenkins with additional functions for enterprise companies. In 2020, CloudBees also introduced a Software Delivery Automation platform.

Lightspeed Venture Partners
Lightspeed Venture Partners is an American venture capital firm focusing on seed stage, early stage investments and growth stage investments in the enterprise, fintech, consumer and healthcare sectors. Lightspeed has eleven offices globally and as of 2023 had approximately US$35 billion in assets under management.
Elias Kuosmanen
Matti Elias Kuosmanen (born 2 September 1995) is a Finnish Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a two-time bronze medalist at the European Wrestling Championships. He won a bronze medal at the 2025 World Wrestling Championships held in Zagreb, Croatia.

Kuosmanen represented Finland at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's 130 kg event.

Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 130 kilograms competition at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, took place on 1–2 August 2021 at the Makuhari Messe in Mihama-ku.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Mijaín López won the gold medal, becoming the first male wrestler to win four Olympic gold medals, as well as only the fifth athlete to win four gold medals in the same individual event.

The medals for the competition were presented by Uğur Erdener, IOC Member; Turkey, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Nenad Lalović, UWW President; Serbia.
Henri Devillers
Henri Devillers (10 October 1914 – 19 June 1942) was a V-mann (agent for penetration) for the Abwehr III F (Nazi counter-espionage).

Devillers was taken prisoner in 1940, and obtained his freedom in exchange for promising to work for the German services who assigned to the Hachette messageries. Once a week, he made a link between Paris, Vichy and Lyon.

Introduced to the Lyon chapter of the Combat resistance organisation, he won the confidence of Henri Frenay, Maurice Chevance and Berty Albrecht. In Paris, he gained the appreciation of Jane Sivadon1, Odile Kienlen and Robert Guédon. He passed the mail to his German handler to read, before sending it on to its destination.

Devillers was detected by counter-espionage of the armée de l'armistice and arrested by the Surveillance du Territoire towards the end of January 1942. Foiled, he was tried and sentenced to death. He was shot by a platoon of the Lyon garrison on 19 June 1942.

Henri Frenay
Henri Frenay Sandoval (11 November 1905 – 8 August 1988) was a French military officer and French Resistance member, who served as minister of prisoners, refugees and deportees in Charles de Gaulle's Provisional Government of the French Republic.
Streater
Streater is a surname of English origin, a variant of Streeter, which is a habitational surname referring to someone who lived on the main street of a village or town, or someone who came from the village of Streat, East Sussex. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Streater (born 1964), American football player

Jimmy Streater (1957–2004), Canadian football player

John Streater (died 1687), English soldier, political writer and printer

Ray Streater (born 1936), British physicist and professor

Robert Streater (1621–1679), English painter and etcher

Rod Streater (born 1988), American football player

Eric Streater
Eric Maurice Streater (born March 21, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, appearing in three games as a replacement player. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the BC Lions and Winnipeg Blue Bombers.
Dictyomeridium lueckingii
Dictyomeridium lueckingii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Entre Ríos near Soledad (Burdett O'Connor Province) at an elevation of 1,700 m (5,600 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality, in the Tucumano-Boliviano montane forest. The species epithet honours German lichenologist Robert Lücking, "for his magnificent contribution to the knowledge of tropical lichens, on the occasion of his 50th birthday".

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Uthami Petra Rathinam
Uthami Petra Rathinam (transl. A Precious Gem) is a 1960 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by M. A. Thirumugam and written by Aaroor Dass. The film stars K. Balaji, Malini and P. Kannamba, with T. K. Ramachandran, M. N. Rajam, Pandari Bai, S. V. Sahasranamam, Kuladeivam Rajagopal and Manorama in supporting roles. It was released on 1 April 1960, and failed at the box office.

Aaroor Dass
Sathyagu Yesudas (10 September 1931 – 20 November 2022) known by his stage name Aaroor Dass, was an Indian stage, film and television Screenwriter who was active in Tamil cinema during the latter part of the 20th century. Aaroor Dass has written the story and dialogues for over 1000 films, who dominate the Tamil film for more than 40 years. He wrote his first film for actor Sivaji Ganesan's Pasamalar (1961). He debuted as a director with the film Penn Endral Penn (1967).
Lapsi (Christianity)
In the early Christian Church, lapsi (Latin for "fallen;" Greek: πεπτωκότες, romanized: peptōkotes) were apostates who renounced their faith under persecution by Roman authorities. The term refers to those who have lapsed or fallen away from their faith, only to return to it later.

It could also be considered as the opposite of the concept of the Martyr, who are those who prefer to accept suffering and death rather than deny their faith.

Persecution
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. The most common forms are religious persecution, racism, and political persecution, though there is naturally some overlap between these terms. The inflicting of suffering, harassment, imprisonment, internment, fear or pain are all factors that may establish persecution, but not all suffering will necessarily establish persecution. The threshold of severity has been a topic of much debate.
Lycée Blomet
The École Normale Catholique (ENC), also known as the Lycée Blomet, is a private school founded in 1906 by teacher Louise Desrez. Since 1933, it has been located at 5 rue Blomet, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris.

Business studies
Business studies, often simply called business, is a field of study that deals with the principles of business, management, and economics. It combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, and operations. Business studies is a broad subject, where the range of topics is designed to give the student a general overview of the various elements of running a business. The teaching of business studies is known as business education.

Countries in which the subject is taught under the name "business studies" include Mauritius, Oman, Bahrain, South Korea, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Mexico, Singapore,  Malaysia, Cambodia, Kenya, Poland, Malta, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Indonesia.
Alok Kumar Mehta
Alok Kumar Mehta (born 3 November 1966) is an Indian politician from the state of Bihar. He is a founder member of Rashtriya Janata Dal and has served as Principal General Secretary of the party. Mehta is said to be political mentor of Tejashwi Yadav. Mehta is considered as a veteran leader of Rashtriya Janata Dal. He has served as minister with important portfolios in almost every government of RJD. He had also served as the chairman of The Vaishali Co-operative Bank  being one of the founder of this institution.

Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry
The Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry was the Council of Ministers in Bihar Legislative Assembly headed by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. On 9 August 2022, he walked out of the BJP's NDA alliance and announced his resignation. He then decided to form a new government in Bihar along with the RJD and the Congress. Though Nitish Kumar from Janata Dal (United) is the Chief Minister of this government, Rashtriya Janata Dal was the largest party in this alliance. On 28 January 2024, he walked out of the INDIA (alliance) and announced his resignation. He then decided to form a new government in Bihar along with the BJP's NDA alliance.