hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Army of the Shenandoah (Union)
The Army of the Shenandoah was a field army of the Union Army active during the American Civil War. First organized as the Department of the Shenandoah in 1861 and then disbanded in early 1862, the army became most effective after its recreation on August 1, 1864 under the command of Philip Sheridan. The army's actions during the Valley campaigns of 1864 rendered the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia unable to produce foodstuffs for the Confederate States Army, a condition which would hasten the conclusion of the American Civil War.

Battle of Hoke's Run
The Battle of Hoke's Run, also known as the Battle of Falling Waters or Battle of Hainesville, took place on July 2, 1861, in Berkeley County, Virginia (now West Virginia) as part of the Manassas campaign of the American Civil War. Notable as an early engagement of Confederate Colonel Thomas J. Jackson and his Brigade of Virginia Volunteers, nineteen days before their famous nickname would originate, this brief skirmish was hailed by both sides as a stern lesson to the other. Acting precisely upon the orders of a superior officer about how to operate in the face of superior numbers, Jackson's Confederate forces resisted General Robert Patterson's Union forces briefly and then slowly retreated over several miles.
McGraws Island
McGraws Island (formerly Mathew Island) is an undeveloped island in the Saint George Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada in the Bay of Fundy.

In 1875, a fishing weir was licensed off the island to Andrew and James McLean.

The power lines from the mainland run through McGraws to Hoyt Island to Macs Island to Pendleton Island before reaching Deer Island, New Brunswick.

Bay of Fundy
The Bay of Fundy (French: Baie de Fundy) is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine and part of the Atlantic Ocean. It has the highest tidal range in the world, averaging about 16 metres (52 ft) due to tidal resonance in its funnel-shaped basin. In one half-day tidal cycle, around 100 billion tonnes (110 billion short tons) of water flows in and out, twice the combined flow of all the world's rivers.
Hydnellum scleropodium
Hydnellum scleropodium is a rare species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1964 by Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison. The fungus has been collected in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Nova Scotia, in both mixed and coniferous forest. Its fruitbody has an irregular, brownish cap measuring 10–25 cm (4–10 in) wide. The sclerotium-like stipe measures 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long by 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) thick, and roots into the ground. The flesh has a strong, fragrant odor. Spines on the cap underside, blue in color, are up to 11 mm long.

Bankeraceae
The Bankeraceae are a family of fungi in the order Thelephorales. Taxa are terrestrial, and ectomycorrhizal with plant species in families such as Pinaceae or Fagaceae. The family was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 6 genera and 98 species.
Oxegen 2011
Oxegen 2011 was the eighth Oxegen festival to take place since 2004. It took place on the weekend of Friday 8 July, Saturday, 9 July and Sunday, 10 July at Punchestown Racecourse near Naas in County Kildare, Ireland. Arctic Monkeys, Beyoncé, Black Eyed Peas, Coldplay, Foo Fighters and The Strokes were among the headlining acts.
On the final night of the festival Christy Moore came on stage to sing with headliners Coldplay at the end of their set.

Friendly Fires
Friendly Fires are an English indie rock band from St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. They are currently signed to Polydor Records. Their self-titled debut album was released on 1 September 2008, and was announced as one of the shortlisted twelve for the 2009 Mercury Prize on 21 July 2009.
Lee Goren
Lee Goren (born December 26, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Boston Bruins, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks before playing the remainder of his career abroad in Europe.

Goren was drafted in the third round, 63rd overall by the Boston Bruins in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. During his collegiate career with the University of North Dakota, he won an NCAA championship. He ended his career in the 2012-13 with Linköpings HC of the then Swedish Elitserien.

1997 NHL entry draft
The 1997 NHL entry draft was the 35th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Civic Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on June 21, 1997.

The last active player from the 1997 draft class was Joe Thornton, who played his last NHL game in the 2021–22 season.
HMS Pyramus (1810)
HMS Pyramus was a fifth-rate 36-gun frigate launched at Portsmouth in 1810. During the Napoleonic Wars she captured some small privateers. She was hulked in 1832–1833 at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The vessel was sold and broken up in 1879.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Tenth (administrative division)
A tenth was used to divide the former American Province of West Jersey into smaller administrative divisions. Despite seemingly related names, tenths are not directly related to hundreds, other than both being administrative divisions.

West Jersey
West Jersey and East Jersey were two distinct parts of the Province of New Jersey. The political division existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.
The Magic Mountain (1982 film)
The Magic Mountain (German: Der Zauberberg) is a 1982 drama film directed by Hans W. Geißendörfer and starring Christoph Eichhorn, Rod Steiger and Marie-France Pisier. An adaptation of Thomas Mann's 1924 novel The Magic Mountain, it was made as a co-production between Austria, Italy, France and West Germany.

It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and at a variety of locations, many of them in Switzerland. The sets were designed by the art directors Heidi Lüdi and Toni Lüdi.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
The Game Is Over
The Game Is Over (original title La Curée, "The Kill") is a 1966 drama film directed by Roger Vadim and starring Jane Fonda, Peter McEnery, and Michel Piccoli. The film is a modern-day adaptation of the 1871-72 novel La Curée by Émile Zola. Two different versions of the film were made and released, one in English, the other in French.

Tina Aumont
Maria Christina "Tina" Aumont (February 14, 1946 – October 28, 2006) was a French and American actress. She was the daughter of French actor Jean-Pierre Aumont and Dominican actress Maria Montez. She made her acting debut in the British film Modesty Blaise (1966), but later had a prominent career as a leading lady in Italian films.
1992 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1992 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 100th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 14 teams, with the winner going on to represent Meath in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.

This was Ballinlough's return to the grade after claiming the 1991 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.

Gaeil Colmcille were the defending champions after they defeated Walterstown in the previous years final, however they bowed out in the group stage with just only a draw to their name.

Skryne claimed their 9th S.F.C. title when beating Seneschalstown 1–7 to 0–7 in the final at Pairc Tailteann on 27 September 1992. Declan Browne raised the Keegan Cup for Skryne while Padraig Finnerty claimed the 'Man of the Match' award.

Leinster Senior Club Football Championship
The Leinster Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament played on a knockout basis between the senior club championship winners of the competing counties in Leinster. The current holders of the Leinster title are Kilmacud Crokes from Dublin. Offaly side Gracefield were the first winners of the Leinster senior club football championship in the 1970–71 season. The most successful clubs are St. Vincent's, and Kilmacud Crokes from Dublin, and Portlaoise from Laois, who have won the Leinster championship on seven occasions. Carlow club Éire Óg won 5 championships in 7 years in the 1990s. Dublin clubs have won the Leinster championship twenty five times, which is more than triple any other county. The winner of this competition represents Leinster in the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.
María Luciana Reynares
María Luciana Reynares (born 9 February 1976) is an Argentine former professional tennis player.

Reynares reached a best ranking of No. 156 in the world, while competing on the professional tour as a teenager in the early 1990s. She made her WTA Tour main draw debut at the 1990 Schenectady Open and won four ITF titles in 1991. Her biggest achievement then came in 1992 when she qualified for the 1992 French Open, where she was narrowly defeated in the first round by Finland's Petra Thorén, 6–8 in the third set.

1992 French Open
The 1992 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 25 May until 7 June. It was the 91st staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1992. This was the last time both the top seeds won the men's singles and women's singles until the 2018 French Open.
Samoskevich
Samoskevich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mackie Samoskevich (born 2002), American ice hockey player

Maddy Samoskevich (born 2002), American ice hockey player

Melissa Samoskevich (born 1997), American ice hockey player and coach

Maddy Samoskevich
Madison Samoskevich (born November 15, 2002) is an American professional ice hockey defenceman for the Vancouver Goldeneyes of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). She played college ice hockey at Quinnipiac.
Plücker coordinates
In geometry, Plücker coordinates, introduced by Julius Plücker in the 19th century, are a way to assign six homogeneous coordinates to each line in projective 3-space, ⁠⁠. Because they satisfy a quadratic constraint, they establish a one-to-one correspondence between the 4-dimensional space of lines in ⁠⁠ and points on a quadric in ⁠⁠ (projective 5-space). A predecessor and special case of Grassmann coordinates (which describe k-dimensional linear subspaces, or flats, in an n-dimensional Euclidean space), Plücker coordinates arise naturally in geometric algebra. They have proved useful for computer graphics, and also can be extended to coordinates for the screws and wrenches in the theory of kinematics used for robot control.

Robot control
Robotic control is the system that contributes to the movement of robots. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. Robotics can be controlled by various means including manual, wireless, semi-autonomous (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and fully autonomous (using artificial intelligence).
Charter on the Orenburg Kyrgyz
The Charter of the Orenburg Kirghiz in 1824, created in 1822, was designed by Orenburg Governor-General P. Essen. The draft of a similar charter for the Junior Zhuz was adopted by the Asian Committee in 1824, leading to the immediate abolition of the khanate.

Khanate
A khanate (/ˈxɑːneɪt, -ət/ KHAHN-ayt, -⁠ət) or khaganate was a polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. Khanates were typically nomadic Mongolic and Turkic societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, and politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies. Khanates and khaganates were organised tribally, where leaders gained power on the support and loyalty of their warrior subjects, gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding. In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a khagan, was a large nomadic state maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates. The title of khagan, translating as "Khan of the Khans", roughly corresponds in status to that of an emperor.
Craigavad
Craigavad (from Irish Craig an Bháda, meaning 'rock of the boat') is a townland in County Down, Northern Ireland, lying within the civil parish of Holywood and the historic barony of Castlereagh Lower.   Suburban and residential in character, Craigavad lies between the centre of Holywood and Bangor in the area administered by the Ards and North Down Borough Council.

Ards and North Down Borough Council
Ards and North Down Borough Council is a local authority in Northern Ireland that was established on 1 April 2015. It replaced Ards Borough Council and North Down Borough Council. The first elections to the authority took place on 22 May 2014 and, prior to the official creation of the Ards and North Down district on 1 April 2015, it acted as a shadow authority.

The district was originally called "North Down and Ards" but the council was known as "Ards and North Down District Council". Councillors on the transitional shadow authority (prior to the council's official creation) voted on 15 December 2014 to submit an application to the Department of the Environment to change the name to East Coast Borough Council with effect from 1 April 2015. Negative public reaction to the proposed name prompted a rethink. The district name "Ards and North Down" was not finalised until 2016. The transfer of the borough charter from North Down Borough Council was delayed until after the district naming.
Karelle Tremblay
Karelle Tremblay is a Canadian film and television actress from Quebec. Tremblay received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actress at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 for Our Loved Ones (Les Êtres chers).

She has also appeared in the films Amsterdam, Corbo, King Dave, Oh What a Wonderful Feeling, The Fireflies Are Gone (La disparution des lucioles), Flashwood, You Will Remember Me (Tu te souviendras de moi), Death of a Ladies' Man and Death Does Not Exist (La mort n'existe pas), and the television series Le Club des doigts croisés, 19-2, Jérémie and Anna Comes Home (Le retour d'Anna Brodeur).

Tremblay was for a while in a relationship with Franco-Ontarian stand-up comic Katherine Levac.

You Will Remember Me
You Will Remember Me (French: Tu te souviendras de moi) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Éric Tessier and released in 2020. Based on the theatrical play by François Archambault, the film stars Rémy Girard as Édouard Beauchemin, a successful academic who is beginning to suffer from the early stages of dementia.

The film's premiere, originally slated for March 20, 2020, was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. The film instead premiered at the Sarajevo Film Festival in August 2020. It was selected as the opening film of the 2022 Abitibi-Témiscamingue International Film Festival, its first actual screening in Quebec due to the pandemic-related disruptions of film distribution.
Suparatana Bencharongkul
Suparatana Bencharongkul (Thai: ศุภรัตน์ เบญจรงคกุล) is a Thai agriculturist, lifestyle influencer, and the daughter of Boonchai Bencharongkul, a telecommunication tycoon. As an agriculturist passionate about improving Thai agriculture, she combined farming knowledge with technology to launch several initiatives: the Farmer Info Application, Sabuymarket, Allbio, Farmmanyam, Rakbankerd Products, and Fulfilled. These initiatives aim to benefit farmers in Thailand.

She received a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Kent in 2003 and an Executive Master of Business Administration from the Sasin School of Management of Chulalongkorn University in 2015.

Bachelor of Business Administration
A Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is an undergraduate degree in business administration awarded by colleges and universities after completion of four years and typically 120 credits of undergraduate study in the fundamentals of business administration.
Samuel Iga Zinunula
Iga Zinunula is a Ugandan poet and Veterinary Assistant. He has engaged in rural development work all over Uganda since 1990. He is a member of the editorial board of FEMRITE. He has been a judge at the Babishai Niwe (BN) Poetry Foundation.

Editorial board
The editorial board is a group of editors, writers, and other people who are charged with implementing a publication's approach to editorials and other opinion pieces.  The editorials published normally represent the views or goals of the publication's owner or publisher.
Beverly Woolley
Beverly Massey Woolley (born July 25, 1939) is a former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives representing District 136 which had covered the part of Harris County, Texas, before the district was moved to suburban Austin in Williamson County.

Woolley was the co-chair of the Tea Party caucus in the Texas House.  In 2011, Woolley was chosen to replace the Democrat Craig Eiland of Galveston as Speaker pro tempore after Republicans captured a super majority of seats (101 of 150) in the 2010 elections.

Woolley owned property in the Stablewood subdivision in Houston and about 1994 had planned to build a house in the subdivision.

President pro tempore
A president pro tempore or speaker pro tempore is an officer of a legislative body who presides over the chamber in the absence of the normal presiding officer. The phrase pro tempore is Latin "for the time being".

In Argentina, a similar role is carried by the provisional president of the Argentine Senate in the absence of the vice president of Argentina. By the 1994 amendment to the 1853 Constitution, the vice president is designated as the senate president.
Cone (algebraic geometry)
In algebraic geometry, a cone is a generalization of a vector bundle. Specifically, given a scheme X, the relative Spec

of a quasi-coherent graded OX-algebra R is called the cone or affine cone of R. Similarly, the relative Proj

is called the projective cone of C or R.

Note: The cone comes with the -action due to the grading of R; this action is a part of the data of a cone (whence the terminology).

Graded ring
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra, a graded ring is a ring such that the underlying additive group is a direct sum of abelian groups  such that ⁠⁠. The index set is usually the set of nonnegative integers or the set of integers, but can be any monoid. The direct sum decomposition is usually referred to as gradation or grading.

A graded module is defined similarly (see below for the precise definition). It generalizes graded vector spaces. A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded ⁠⁠-algebra.

The associativity is not important (in fact not used at all) in the definition of a graded ring; hence, the notion applies to non-associative algebras as well; e.g., one can consider a graded Lie algebra.
History of the courts of England and Wales
Certain former courts of England and Wales have been abolished or merged into or with other courts, and certain other courts of England and Wales have fallen into disuse.

For just under 600 years, from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1642, French was the language of the courts, rather than English. Until the twentieth century, many legal terms were still expressed in Latin.

Courts Act 1971
The Courts Act 1971 (c. 23) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the purpose of which was to reform and modernise the courts system of England and Wales, as well as effectively separating the business of the criminal and civil courts.

It established the Crown Court, introduced the posts of circuit judge and recorder, and abolished various local courts across the country. Many of its provisions have since been repealed by the Senior Courts Act 1981, but the essential structure described in the act is still in place.
Dixvale, Western Australia
Dixvale is a rural locality of the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region of Western Australia. Dixvale is located on the traditional land of the Bibulman people of the Noongar nation. In the 2021 census, Dixvale had a population of 68 people.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Borimir Perković
Borimir Perković (born 25 September 1967) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player.

During his club career, he played for numerous clubs in Croatia, collecting over 300 caps and scoring over 50 goals. Although a versatile and talented midfielder, Perković never earned a cap for the Croatia national team.

NK Inter Zaprešić
Nogometni klub Inter Zaprešić was a Croatian professional football club based in Zaprešić, a town northwest of the capital Zagreb.

The team were nicknamed Keramičari (The ceramics makers), because they were sponsored by a ceramics factory through much of their history) or Div iz predgrađa (The giant from the suburb). The team's colours are yellow and blue. Home games at Ivan Laljak-Ivić Stadium. On 20 July 2022, Inter has dissolved due to financial issues.
Stefanie Melbeck
Stefanie Melbeck (born 16 April 1977 in Hamburg) is a retired German handball player. She last played for the club Buxtehuder SV, and has earlier played for the Danish clubs Randers HK and KIF Kolding.

She won a bronze medal with the German national team at the 2007 World Women's Handball Championship.

She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China, where the German team placed 11th.

KIF Kolding
KIF Kolding is a professional handball club based in Kolding, Denmark who competes in the Danish Handball League. KIF Kolding has won the Danish Handball Championship a record 14 times.

It is a part of the broader sports association Kolding Idræts Forening.
Cougar Town season 1
The first season of Cougar Town, an American television series, began airing on September 23, 2009, and concluded on May 19, 2010, after Modern Family and before Eastwick. Season one regular cast members include Courteney Cox, Christa Miller, Busy Philipps, Brian Van Holt, Dan Byrd, Ian Gomez, and Josh Hopkins. The sitcom was created by Bill Lawrence and Kevin Biegel.

The series began production on April 29, 2009. It was originally supposed to air on Tuesdays, but postponed to Wednesday nights.

Spin City
Spin City is an American sitcom television series that aired from September 17, 1996, to April 30, 2002, on ABC. Created by Gary David Goldberg and Bill Lawrence and produced by Ubu Productions, Lottery Hill Entertainment and DreamWorks Television, the show is set in a fictionalized version of the New York City mayor's office, and originally starred Michael J. Fox as Mike Flaherty, the Deputy Mayor of New York. Fox departed in 2000 at the conclusion of the fourth season due to symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and Charlie Sheen became the new lead as Charlie Crawford for the final two seasons.