hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon Hess (lacrosse)
Jonathan A. "Jon" Hess is a retired lacrosse attackman who played professional box lacrosse in the National Lacrosse League (NLL), and professional field lacrosse in Major League Lacrosse (MLL).   He starred as a member of the Princeton Tigers men's lacrosse team from 1995 through 1998, where he earned National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) lacrosse attackman of the year award, three United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) All-American recognitions, four Ivy League championships, three national championships, an Ivy League Player of the Year award, and an NCAA tournament most outstanding player award.  Hess holds Princeton lacrosse scoring records for both points and assists, and won an NCAA individual national statistical championship for assists. As a professional, he is a former sportsman of the year and MLL assists leader.

United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association
The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association is an association of member institutions and organizations with college lacrosse programs at all levels of competition, including the three NCAA divisions and non-NCAA schools, at both the varsity and club levels for men and women. The association traces its history through predecessor organizations back to 1882, although it received its present name and became a governing body with unlimited membership in 1926. The association is based in Louisville, Kentucky.
Marxist ethics
Marxist ethics is a doctrine of morality and ethics that is based on, or derived from, Marxist philosophy. Marx did not directly write about ethical issues and has often been portrayed by subsequent Marxists as a descriptive philosopher rather than a moralist. Despite this, many Marxist theoreticians have sought to develop often conflicting systems of normative ethics based around the principles of historical and dialectical materialism, and Marx's analysis of the capitalist mode of production.

Descriptive ethics
Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics, which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act, and with meta-ethics, which is the study of what ethical terms and theories actually refer to. The following examples of questions that might be considered in each field illustrate the differences between the fields:

Descriptive ethics: What do people think is right?

Meta-ethics: What does "right" even mean?

Normative (prescriptive) ethics: How should people act?

Applied ethics: How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?
Apostle spoon
An apostle spoon is a spoon (usually silver or silver-plated, but sometimes of other metals, such as pewter) with an image of an apostle or other saint as the terminal of the handle, each bearing his distinctive emblem. Apostle spoons were particularly popular prior to the Reformation. They symbolize the Last Supper of Christ in the company of the Apostles. Apostle spoons were especially popular in England, but were also found in large numbers in Germany.

Henry VIII (play)
The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth, often shortened to Henry VIII, is a collaborative history play, written by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, based on the life of Henry VIII. An alternative title, All Is True, is recorded in contemporary documents, with the title Henry VIII not appearing until the play's publication in the First Folio of 1623. Stylistic evidence indicates that individual scenes were written by either Shakespeare or his collaborator and successor, John Fletcher. It is also somewhat characteristic of the late romances in its structure. It is noted for having more stage directions than any of Shakespeare's other plays.

During a performance of Henry VIII at the Globe Theatre in 1613, a cannon shot employed for special effects ignited the theatre's thatched roof and beams, burning the original Globe building to the ground.
Α-Hydroxyetizolam
α-Hydroxyetizolam is the pharmacologically active metabolite of etizolam. α-Hydroxyetizolam has a half-life of approximately 8.2 hours.

Etizolam's other non-pharmacologically active metabolite in humans is 8-hydroxyetizolam.

Active metabolite
An active metabolite, or pharmacologically active metabolite is  a biologically active metabolite of a xenobiotic substance, such as a drug or environmental chemical. Active metabolites may produce therapeutic effects, as well as harmful effects.
Compression lock
A compression lock, muscle lock, muscle slicer or muscle crusher, is a grappling hold that causes severe pain by pressing a muscle into a bone. A compression lock can cause a joint lock in a nearby joint when it is applied by squeezing a limb over a fulcrum. A forceful compression lock may damage muscles and tendons, and if accompanied by a joint lock, may also result in torn ligaments, dislocation or bone fractures. Compression locks can be used as pain compliance holds, and are sometimes featured in combat sports as submission holds.

Lever
A lever is a simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum. A lever is a rigid body capable of rotating on a point on itself. On the basis of the locations of fulcrum, load, and effort, the lever is divided into three types. It is one of the six simple machines identified by Renaissance scientists. A lever amplifies an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide leverage, which is mechanical advantage gained in the system, equal to the ratio of the output force to the input force. As such, the lever is a mechanical advantage device, trading off force against movement.
Last Appeal
Last Appeal (originally titled Max Dagan) is a 2024 American drama film written and directed by Terre Weisman and starring Rob Morrow, Zachary Gordon, Jay Mohr, Jeff Ross, and Michael Madsen (in his final film role, released during his lifetime). Produced by Weisman and Barry Katz, the film follows guitarist Max Dagan (Gordon), who attempts to secure the release of his imprisoned, dying father Albert (Morrow). Lindsey Dresbach and Rob Brownstein appear in supporting roles.

Last Appeal had its world premiere at the Dances with Films film festival on June 30, 2024. Dresbach won the Best Supporting Actress award at the Boston Film Festival for her role in the film.

Barry Katz
Barry Katz is an American television producer, film producer and talent manager. He was the owner and founder of the Boston Comedy Club in New York City and helped launch the careers of many successful comedians, including Bill Burr, Dane Cook, Louis C.K., Kevin Brennan, Bert Kreischer, Wanda Sykes, Dave Chappelle, Whitney Cummings, as well as Saturday Night Live alumni Jay Mohr, Jim Breuer, Darrell Hammond and Tracy Morgan.

Katz was an executive producer of the Emmy-nominated talent competition series Last Comic Standing. He also produced Mohr's Grammy-nominated comedy album, Happy. And A Lot.
Giuseppe Patricolo
Giuseppe Patricolo (1834 – 1905) was an Italian architect and engineer, best known for restoring many of the medieval, including Norman architecture, buildings in and near his native Palermo in Sicily.

In 1866, he was named  professor of descriptive geometry at the University of Palermo, and in 1875, professor of design and architecture. From 1884 to his death, he served as artistic director of the monuments, and director of the Royal office for the conservation of monuments of Sicily. Among the structure, in which he was involved in the restoration are the church of San Francesco d'Assisi, San Cataldo, Santo Spirito, San Giovanni degli Eremiti, and the Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio in Palermo; as well as the Norman church of the Santissima Trinità di Delia in Castelvetrano.

His son, Achille Patricolo, also an architect; born in Palermo; was a curator at the Islamic Museum in Cairo till 1922. As an antiquarian, he sold pottery to the British Museum in 1921.

Castelvetrano
Castelvetrano (Sicilian: Castiḍḍuvitranu) is a town and comune in the province of Trapani, Sicily, southern Italy. The archeological site of Selinunte is located within the municipal territory.

The municipality borders with Campobello di Mazara, Mazara del Vallo, Menfi, Montevago, Partanna, Salemi and Santa Ninfa.
Anandan Gunasekaran
Anandan Gunasekaran (born 18 March 1987; Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu) is an Indian track and field para-athletics runner who competes in the men's 100m, 200m and 400m events in the T64 category. He has participated at many international events. In 2018, he represented India at the Asian Para Games 2018 which was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 6 to 13 October 2018 and won silver in the 400 meters and bronze in the 200 meters. He is the first athlete in the country to have won 3 gold medals in the Military World Games 2019 held in Wuhan, China, first Asian blade runner to create a new Asian record of completing 400m race in 52.66s at the 2018 National Open Para-Athletic Championship.

In 2016, Anandan set a new Asian record in the men's 400m by clocking 54.67s at the 2016 Asian Para Athletics Championships. He is also the first Indian blade runner to create two Asian records in the 400m. He was an abled body athlete before he lost a leg in an explosion that occurred along the LoC.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Chimbote
Chimbote [tʃimˈbote] ⓘ; Quechua: Chimputi) is a city in northwestern Peru. It is the largest city in the Ancash Region and the tenth most populous in Peru. With a population of 425,367 in 2017, it is the capital of both Santa Province and Chimbote District. The city has an altitude of 4 meters.

The city is located on the coast in Ferrol Bay, 130 km south of Trujillo and 420 kilometers (260 mi) north of Lima on the North Pan-American highway. It is the start of a chain of important cities on the Peruvian north coast like Trujillo, Chiclayo and Piura. The advantages of this geographic location made Chimbote into a transshipment junction for the Santa River valley. The city is the second most important port city after Callao.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is a flowering plant in the family Solanaceae (nightshades), native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America. The plant produces berries of many colors including red, green, and yellow, often with pungent taste. It is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with domestication dating back to around 6,000 years ago in regions of Mexico. The genus Capsicum has over 30 species but Capsicum annuum is the primary species in its genus, as it has been widely cultivated for human consumption for a substantial amount of time and has spread across the world. This species has many uses in culinary, medicine, self-defense, and ornamental applications.
Alikhan Baimenov
Alikhan Muhamediauly Baimenov (Kazakh: Әлихан Мұхамедияұлы Бәйменов, Älihan Mūhamediiaūly Bäimenov; born 25 March 1959) is a Kazakh politician who served as a member of the Mazhilis from October 2006 to June 2007, chairman of Ak Zhol Democratic Party from March 2005 to July 2011 to which he was a nominee of in the 2005 Kazakh presidential election.

Prior to that, Baimenov also served as a Minister of Labour and Social Protection of the Population from August 2000 to November 2001, Head of the Presidential Administration of Kazakhstan from August 1998 to February 1999 and the head of Prime Minister's Office from November 1997 to August 1998. He is currently serving as a chairman of the Steering Committee of the Astana Civil Service Hub.

Office of the Prime Minister (Kazakhstan)
The Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Премьер-Министрінің Кеңсесі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Premer-Ministrınıñ Keñsesı; Russian: Канцелярия Премьер-Министра Республики Казахстан) is a state body within the Government of Kazakhstan, which coordinates the activities of state bodies, control functions and other functions stipulated by law and the relevant Regulation, as well as an authorized state body to protect state secrets and ensure information security.
The English Frier
The English Frier; Or, The Town Sparks, sometimes spelt as The English Friar,  is a 1690 comedy play by the English writer John Crowne. It was originally staged by the United Company most likely at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, although it may have appeared at the Dorset Garden Theatre, the other venue of the company. Written in context of the recent Glorious Revolution, it attacks Catholic priests who meddle in English politics, undermining the constitution.

The original cast included Anthony Leigh as Lord Stately, Edward Kynaston as Lord Wiseman, George Powell as Bellamour, John Bowman as Father Finical, Joseph Williams as Young Ranter, Cave Underhill as Old Ranter, George Bright as  Dullman, William Bowen as Coachman, Samuel Sandford as Sir Thomas Credulous, Anne Bracegirdle as Julia, Charlotte Butler as Airy, Elinor Leigh as  Lady Pinchgut and Elizabeth Boutell as  Lady Credulous.

George Bright (actor)
George Bright was an English stage actor of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. He specialised in playing "comic dullards, fops and bouncy servants". After beginning his career in Dublin he joined the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in 1679 and then became part of the merged United Company in 1682.
History of Chiloé
The history of Chiloé, an archipelago in Chile's south, has been marked by its geographic and political isolation. The archipelago has been described by Renato Cárdenas, historian at the Chilean National Library, as “a distinct enclave, linked more to the sea than the continent, a fragile society with a strong sense of solidarity and a deep territorial attachment.”

Castro, Chile
Castro is a city and commune on Chiloé Island in Chile. Castro is the capital of the Chiloé Province in the Los Lagos Region. The city is located on Estero de Castro on the eastern coast of central Chiloé Island. This position provides Castro with a good access to the eastern islands of Chiloé Archipelago as well as to the open ocean through Cucao and Huillinco to the west.
Hong Wai
Hong Wai is a Chinese artist based in Paris and Macau. Her work involves the mediums of Chinese ink and lace and has been exhibited in venues like the Museum of the Orient in Portugal and Volta Basel in Basel, among other museums and art fairs around the world.

Volta (art fair)
Volta (stylized in all caps) is an international contemporary art fair. It has run both in Basel, Switzerland, as well as New York City. In the years when it has been hosted in Basel, it is considered one of the biggest satellite art fairs running concurrently with Art Basel. Lee Cavaliere has led its artistic direction since 2023.
Cyclist fatality rate in U.S. by year
List of cyclist or cycling deaths (any kind) in U.S. by year

Cycling generally includes the riding of unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, and similar human-powered transport (HPVs).  Note however that many HPV users are not considered cyclists, for example, using NHTSB statistics (US), skateboarder deaths are classified as pedestrians, yet it is unclear how Trikkes are classified.

The following table summarizes the number of people killed and/or injured in fatal cyclist collisions (as defined/reported by NHTSB) in the USA.  Statistics (generally) may vary based on the definition of what constitutes an injury or death, in particular time after incident and complications for deaths, and severity for injuries, therefore comparing statistics across years or nations requires a bit of deeper investigation.  Many injuries go unreported.  E-scooter deaths are being classified as pedestrians.

Human-powered transport
Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods (freight) using human muscle power. Unlike animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming, as well as small vehicles such as litters, rickshaws, wheelchairs and wheelbarrows. Modern technology has allowed mechanical advantage devices and machines to enhance human-power.

Although motorization has increased speed and load capacity, many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost, convenience, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.
The Maze Runner (soundtrack)
The Maze Runner (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2014 dystopian science fiction film of the same name directed by Wes Ball. It consisted of 21 tracks from the film's score produced by John Paesano with a runtime of over an hour. Paesano was involved in the film, much before its production so that he could create the sketches based on the story and further develop the music to suit its visuals. The score resembled the classic Hollywood films and takes inspiration from John Williams' score for fantasy films to mimic the grandeur.

The score premiered exclusively at the MTV website on September 12, 2014, before setting for an official release four days later. Sony Classical Records published the score through digital distribution and in CDs and vinyl LP formats.

Wes Ball
Wes Ball (born October 28, 1980) is an American film director, producer, and visual effects artist. He is best known for directing the Maze Runner film trilogy (2014–2018), based on James Dashner's series of novels of the same name, as well as Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes (2024), the fourth installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series.
Michael Spence (athlete)
Michael Spence (born May 20, 1978) is an American former athlete who competed in long-distance running events.

Raised in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Spence attended East Stroudsburg High School and was a District 11 cross country champion, before taking up the steeplechase as a specialty while a varsity athlete at Princeton University. He won the 1997 USA junior steeplechase title and trained in Utah under Olympics coach Chick Hislop.

Spence was a silver medalist for the United States in the 3000 m steeplechase at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, behind countryman Joshua McAdams who passed him in the final lap. At the 2008 U.S. Olympic trials in Eugene, Oregon, Spence missed out on a place for Beijing after coming in sixth position.

PIAA District 11
District 11 (often referenced with the Roman Numerals District XI) of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA) is an interscholastic athletic association in eastern Pennsylvania.

District XI is one of the PIAA's 12 districts and comprises high schools mostly within the Lehigh Valley and a few surrounding counties.

The district is broadly considered one of the most competitive high school athletic divisions in the nation with many of its athletes going on to compete in the Olympics and professional sports, including the MLB, NBA, and NFL. District 11 owns many state records for various athletic championships and milestones.

Member schools are categorized by enrollment into classifications, differing in each of the various sports, including: A, AA, AAA, AAAA, AAAAA, and AAAAAA.
Empress of the Chen dynasty
The Chen dynasty of China had five empresses consort in its 32-year history:

Empress Zhang Yao'er (r. 557–559), the wife of Emperor Wu.

Empress Shen Miaorong (r. 559–566), the wife of Emperor Chen.

Empress Wang (r. 566–568), the wife of Emperor Fei.

Empress Liu (r. 569–582), the wife of Emperor Xuan.

Empress Shen Wuhua (r. 582–589), the wife of Chen Shubao.

Emperor Wen of Chen
Emperor Wen of Chen (陳文帝) (522 – 31 May 566), personal name Chen Qian (陳蒨), also called Chen Tanqian (陳曇蒨), courtesy name Zihua (子華), was the second emperor of the Chinese Chen dynasty. He was a nephew of the founding monarch, Emperor Wu (Chen Baxian), and after Emperor Wu's death in 559, the officials supported him to be emperor since Emperor Wu's only surviving son, Chen Chang, was detained by the Northern Zhou dynasty. At the time he took the throne, Chen had been devastated by war during the preceding Liang dynasty, and many provinces nominally loyal to him were under control of relatively independent warlords. During his reign, he consolidated the state against warlords, and he also seized territory belonging to claimants to the Liang throne, Xiao Zhuang and the Emperor Xuan of Western Liang, greatly expanding Chen's territory and strength.
Biogradska Gora
Biogradska Gora (Montenegrin: Биоградска Гора, pronounced [bîoɡradskaː ɡǒra]) is a forest and a national park in Montenegro within the Kolašin municipality that is recognized as one of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The landscape is one of mountain ridges, glacial lakes, and temperate forest.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Mollie O'Brien
Mollie O'Brien (born October 25, 1952) is an Americana, bluegrass, R&B, and folk singer from Wheeling, West Virginia. She has released a number of Americana albums with her brother, Grammy-winner Tim O'Brien. She has also released five positively received solo albums. She is currently based in Denver, and regularly tours and performs with her husband, guitarist Rich Moore, as a duo. Together they have released three studio albums: Saints and Sinners (2010), "Love Runner" (2014), "Lost In the Crowd" (2025) and a live CD, 900 Baseline. They also released an album with their daughters, aptly titled "Daughters" (2015.)  She has regularly appeared on shows such as A Prairie Home Companion, Mountain Stage, and contributed vocals to the Grammy-winning album True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe. She is known for her interpretations of classic songs by artists such as Tom Waits, Memphis Minnie, Willie Dixon, Chuck Berry, Si Kahn, Terence Trent D'Arby, and Kate MacLeod.

Mountain Stage
Mountain Stage is a two-hour music radio show, first aired in 1983, produced by West Virginia Public Broadcasting and distributed worldwide by National Public Radio (NPR). Hosted by Larry Groce from the show's inception until 2021 and currently hosted by singer and West Virginia native Kathy Mattea, the program showcases diverse music, from the traditional to modern. It is recorded before a live audience, usually at the Culture Center Theater in Charleston, West Virginia, but occasionally travels to other venues elsewhere in the United States. Major private funding is provided by the West Virginia-based law firm of Bailey & Glasser LLP and the West Virginia Tourism Office.