hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ndaka language
The Ndaka language (or Indaaka, Ndaaka) is spoken by the Ndaka people in the Ituri Province, Mambasa Territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is lexically similar to the Mbo, Budu, Vanuma and Nyali languages.

Mambasa Territory
Mambasa Territory is an administrative area in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
The headquarters is in the town of Mambasa.
Mambasa Territory is threatened with deforestation due to illegal forestry to meet high demand for lumber by the bordering countries of Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Kenya, as well as to slash and burn cultivation and growing demand for fuel-wood by large numbers of immigrants from the east.
Andrew St. John (bishop)
Andrew Reginald St. John is an Australian retired Anglican bishop. In the Anglican Church of Australia, he was a regional bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne from 1995 to 2001. He has since held various roles in the Episcopal Church of America.

Anglican Diocese of Melbourne
The Anglican Diocese of Melbourne is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Victoria in the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847 and includes the cities of Melbourne and Geelong and also some more rural areas. The cathedral church is St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne.

The incumbent archbishop of the diocese is Ric Thorpe, who was elected on 24 May 2025 and installed on 30 November 2025. He was translated from the Diocese of London, where he was the suffragan Bishop of Islington.
John Means (comedian)
John Means is a former community college English instructor from Mason City, Illinois, who had gained fame in the 1980s as a stand-up comedian. Based out of San Francisco, he performed under the stage name "Dr. Gonzo." His act was a combination of standard observational humor and humorous songs, self-accompanied on electric guitar.

Lincoln College (Illinois)
Lincoln College was a private college in Lincoln, Illinois.  The college offered associate, bachelor's, and master's programs. It maintained an extension site in Normal, Illinois that provided adults with Accelerated Bridge to Education bachelor's degree programs. The college closed on May 13, 2022.
Alireza Yaghoubi
Alireza Yaghoubi (born in Tehran, Iran) is an entrepreneur, engineer, scientist, inventor and designer. He is internationally recognized for designing AirGo, an ergonomic passenger environment which has been described as "the future of airlines seating". Alireza is a recipient of James Dyson design award.  He is also the co-founder and CTO of a Singapore-based startup named AirGo Design. In materials science and physical chemistry, he is known for his contribution to the fields of biomedical implants, plasma-assisted inorganic synthesis, and development of nanomaterials for clean energy. In honor of his achievements and despite his young age, he has been appointed to an endowed chair as the high impact research young scientist at University of Malaya from where he has also received a bachelor's degree as the Frederic Barnes Waldron student of mechanical engineering.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Robert Wittke
Robert Otto Wittke Jr. (born September 23, 1957) is an American accountant and Republican politician from Racine County, Wisconsin.  He is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 63rd Assembly district since 2025; he previously represented the 62nd Assembly district from 2019 to 2025.  Before his election to the Assembly, Wittke was president of the Racine Unified School Board for two years.

Racine County, Wisconsin
Racine County (/rəˈsiːn, reɪ-/ ⓘ rə-SEEN, ray-) is a county in southeastern Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 197,727, making it Wisconsin's fifth-most populous county. Its county seat is Racine. The county was founded in 1836, then a part of the Wisconsin Territory. The Root River is the county's namesake, as racine is the French for "root".

Racine County comprises the Racine metropolitan statistical area. This area is part of the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 792 square miles (2,050 km2), of which 333 square miles (860 km2) is land and 460 square miles (1,200 km2) (58%) is water. The county's unemployment rate was 5.6% in June 2021.
Alliance and Leicester Group Union of Staff
The Alliance and Leicester Group Union of Staff (ALGUS) was a trade union representing employees of the Alliance and Leicester Building Society in the United Kingdom.

The Leicester Permanent Building Society Staff Association was certified as an independent trade union in 1979, at which time it had around 1,000 members.  It merged with the Alliance Building Society Staff Association in 1988 to form the Alliance and Leicester Building Society Staff Association.   This was later renamed the "Alliance and Leicester Group Union of Staff" and affiliated to the Trades Union Congress.  In 2007, it merged into the Communication Workers' Union.

Trades Union Congress
The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is a national trade union centre, a federation of trade unions that collectively represent most unionised workers in England and Wales. There are 48 affiliated unions with a total of about 5.5 million members. Paul Nowak is the TUC's current General Secretary, serving from January 2023.
Ernest Istook
Ernest James "Ernie" Istook Jr. (born February 11, 1950) is an American retired lawyer and politician who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Oklahoma's 5th congressional district. He held his congressional seat for 14 years, completing seven terms in the House. Currently, Istook is a Distinguished Fellow at The Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C., and also a talk radio host. In 2010, Istook became a Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School leading a study on Propaganda in American Politics.

He was a member of the Appropriations and the Homeland Security committees. He was the Republican gubernatorial nominee in 2006, running against incumbent Democratic governor Brad Henry. Istook lost the gubernatorial race by a very wide margin, getting only 33.5% of the vote to Henry's 66.5%.

United States House Committee on Homeland Security
The U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. Its responsibilities include U.S. security legislation and oversight of the Department of Homeland Security.
Minister of Croatian affairs of Hungary
The minister of Croatian affairs of Hungary (Hungarian: horvát-szlavón-dalmát tárca nélküli miniszter; Croatian: hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinski ministar bez lisnice) was a member of the Hungarian cabinet in Austria-Hungary.
The position was created following the Croatian–Hungarian Agreement in 1868. The minister was appointed by the emperor-king. The officeholder kept a connection between Croatia-Slavonia-Dalmatia and the Hungarian Kingdom (and also the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary). This position was without portfolio.

Minister without portfolio
A minister without portfolio is a government minister without specific responsibility as head of a government department. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet with decision-making authority wherein ministers without portfolio, while they may not head any particular offices or ministries, may still receive a ministerial salary and have the right to cast a vote in cabinet decisions. The office may also exist to be given to party leaders whose offices (such as a parliamentary leader) would not otherwise enable them to sit in Cabinet.
Dave Roberts (sports broadcaster)
Dave Roberts (full name David Robert Roberts; born 31 July 1964 in Middlesbrough, England) is a England-based former TV executive and ex-presenter and commentator specialising in association football. He previously worked for Fox Sports News and ESPN Star Sports in Singapore, ESPN in the US and Sky Sports in the UK as well as a host of English radio stations. As well as his broadcast work, he is a fully qualified International football referee. He owns and operates his own English based broadcast production company X-Cel Broadcast Limited. Roberts was also the BBC commentator on West Indian cricketer Brian Lara's world record breaking innings of 501 not out. He now provides coach travel for Middlesbrough's away matches.

ITV Sport
ITV Sport is the sports department of ITV plc, which produces and presents sports programming for the ITV network and ITVX. The branding was originally introduced in 1985 as an umbrella title for networked sports programming produced by ITV's regional franchises. The division took its current form in 2004 amid the acquisition of Carlton Television by Granada Television to form ITV plc, after which the sports departments of Granada, Carlton, and London News Network were amalgamated to form ITV Sport.

The majority of ITV Sport programmes are broadcast on ITV4 although live football, major horse races and the Rugby World Cup are shown on the ITV network (ITV1, STV and UTV). ITV2 and ITV3 are only used when ITV are showing sport on both ITV1 and ITV4.
Jatropha moranii
Jatropha moranii is a very rare subshrub in the genus Jatropha known commonly as Moran's lomboy. This species in the family Euphorbiaceae is endemic to a small area of Cabo San Lucas in Baja California Sur. It is characterized by a succulent stem and branches, along with a distinct woody caudex, and attractive white flowers.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Ncell
Ncell (Nepali: एनसेल) is a mobile service provider from Nepal. It is Nepal's largest company in terms of revenue market share and second largest telecommunications company, after Nepal Telecom in terms of subscriber base.

The company was founded in 2004 when there was only one major telecom operator at the time, Nepal Telecom. Nepal Telecom had been providing PSTN and GSM services. Investing in telecommunications and competing with governmental agencies was a major risk at the time. With the entry of Ncell, the Nepali telecommunications sector  progressed due to greater competition in the market.

Dhulikhel
Dhulikhel is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal. Two major highways, the B.P. Highway and the Araniko Highway pass through Dhulikhel. Araniko Highway connects Kathmandu, Nepal's capital city with Tibet's border town of Kodari. Dhulikhel is located at the Eastern rim of Kathmandu Valley, south of the Himalayas at 1550m above sea level and is situated 30 km southeast of Kathmandu and 74 km southwest of Kodari. The majority of people in Dhulikhel are Newars, and Brahmin, Chhettri, Tamang and Dalit are also living in outer area of the town. Drinking water in Dhulikhel is some of the best water in Nepal. It was made with the help of the German NGO German Technical Cooperation.
2020 French Senate election
Senatorial elections were held on 27 September 2020 to renew 172 of the 348 seats in the Senate of the French Fifth Republic. The elections were a modest victory for the centre-right Republicans. The environmentalist Europe Ecology – The Greens party entered the upper chamber, while Emmanuel Macron's centrist La République En Marche! party maintained their position, despite losses in the 2020 municipal elections earlier in the year. The far-right National Rally kept their one seat; the Corsican nationalists gained their first seat as well.

The Ecologists
The Ecologists – Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Les Écologistes – Europe Écologie Les Verts), commonly known as The Ecologists (French: Les Écologistes, LÉ) and formerly as Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Europe Écologie Les Verts [øʁɔp ekɔlɔʒi le vɛʁ], EELV [ə ɛl ve]) until 2023, is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. It was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
Pamol
Pamol is a small village in Borsad taluka of Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is located around 6 km north east from Borsad. It is surrounded by the fertile Charotar region which largely produces tobacco, Bananas, rice, cotton, lady finger, tomato, potato, and other agricultural crops. Patel owns the majority of business which is basically farming and farming products. Other major communities are Thakor, Brahmins, Chavda, Vankars, Maheshwari, Muslims and Christians.

Borsad
Borsad is a town and a municipality in Anand district  in the state of Gujarat, India. It is located around 17 km from Anand. It is surrounded by the fertile Charotar region which largely produces tobacco, bananas, cotton, barley and other agricultural crops. Borsad was the seat of the Borsad satyagraha in 1922–23.
Estonian Police
The Estonian Police (Estonian: Eesti Politsei) was the law enforcement agency of Estonia. It was subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior. In 2010, the organization was superseded by the Police and Border Guard Board.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Gildeuretinol
Gildeuretinol is an investigational new drug being developed by Alkeus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the treatment of retinal diseases, particularly Stargardt disease and geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Stargardt disease is caused by a defect in the ABCA4 gene that clears toxic byproducts resulting from the dimerization of vitamin A.  Gildeuretinol is new molecular entity designed to reduce the dimerization of vitamin A in the eye without affecting the visual cycle.

Gildeuretinol has received breakthrough therapy, orphan drug and Pediatric Rare Disease designations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

ABCA4
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4, also known as ABCA4 or ABCR, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ABCA4 gene.

ABCA4 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene sub-family A (ABC1) found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. The gene was first cloned and characterized in 1997 as a gene that causes Stargardt disease, an autosomal recessive disease that causes macular degeneration. The ABCA4 gene transcribes a large retina-specific protein with two transmembrane domains (TMD), two glycosylated extracellular domains (ECD), and two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD). The ABCA4 protein is almost exclusively expressed in retina localizing in outer segment disk edges of rod photoreceptors.
D. Mark Hegsted
David Mark Hegsted (March 25, 1914 – June 16, 2009) was an American nutritionist who studied the connections between food consumption and heart disease. His work included studies that showed that consumption of saturated fats led to increases in cholesterol, leading to the development of dietary guidelines intended to help Americans achieve better health through improved food choices.

Nutritionist
A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health.  Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines. In many jurisdictions, a person can claim to be a nutritionist even without any training, education, or professional license, in contrast to a dietitian, who has a university degree, professional license, and certification for professional practice.
Javier Arnáiz
Francisco Javier Arnáiz Lastras is a Spanish sports scientist and football performance specialist who serves as the head strength and conditioning coach for Real Madrid CF. He is also the founder of three sports tech companies: SoloPerformance, ThermoHuman, and Performance Creators.

As an academic, Arnáiz has published multiple papers. His research interests include thermography in athlete monitoring, load management, and return-to-play protocols.

Sports science
Sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body adapts during acute and long-term exercise, and how sports and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology (exercise physiology), psychology (sport psychology), anatomy, biomechanics (sports biomechanics), biochemistry, and kinesiology.
USS Control
USS Control (AM-164) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean.

She was launched 28 January 1943 by Willamette Iron and Steel Works, Portland, Oregon; and commissioned 11 May 1944.

Willamette Iron and Steel Works
45°32′38″N 122°41′48″W﻿ / ﻿45.54387°N 122.69674°W﻿ / 45.54387; -122.69674

Willamette Iron Works (also known as Willamette Iron and Steel Company or WISCO) was a general foundry and machine business established in 1865 in Portland, Oregon, originally specializing in the manufacture of steamboat boilers and engines.  In 1904, the company changed its name to Willamette Iron and Steel Works, under which name it operated continually until its close in 1990.
Feng Chen (badminton)
Feng Chen (Chinese: 冯晨; pinyin: Féng Chén; born 29 August 1987) is a retired Chinese badminton player. She was selected to join the Chinese junior team competed at the 2002 and 2004 Asian Junior Championships, and has collected 2 gold medals from the girls' team event, a gold in the mixed doubles, and a silver in the girls' doubles. Feng then won the mixed team gold medal at the 2004 World Junior Championships, and also clinched the silver medal in the girls' doubles event. In the senior international level, she was the runners-up at the 2004 French and Polish International tournaments. Feng also was the mixed doubles semifinalist at the World Grand Prix tournament, in 2005 China Masters partnered with He Hanbin. At the 2006 World University Championships in China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, she claimed three gold medals in the women's doubles, mixed doubles, and team event.

French Open (badminton)
The French Open (French: Internationaux de France de Badminton) is an annual badminton tournament held in France since 1909 and hosted by the Fédération Française de Badminton (FFBad).

The tournament was halted between 1915 and 1934, in 1965, 1970, 1972, 1994 and 2006. Not previously considered one of the international badminton circuit's leading events, it was promoted to become part of the BWF Super Series in 2007 making the French Open one of the 12 major badminton tournaments in the world. BWF categorised French Open as one of the five BWF World Tour Super 750 events per the BWF events structure since 2018.
Donald MacDougall
Sir George Donald Alastair MacDougall, CBE, FBA (26 October 1912 – 22 March 2004) was a Scottish economist and civil servant who influenced UK public policy during the 1960s. He headed the Government Economic Service and, between 1969 and 1973, acted as chief economic adviser to Chancellors of the Exchequer Roy Jenkins, Iain Macleod and Anthony Barber. He predicted in about 2000 that the euro currency could not work and that the EU Stability and Growth Pact would not be enforced.

MacDougall was born in Glasgow in 1912, the son of a family with a china business, and was educated at Kelvinside Academy, Shrewsbury School and Balliol College, Oxford.

During the Second World War, he worked in the Prime Minister's Statistical Branch, and was appointed a CBE in the 1945 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours.

Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The Prime Minister's Resignation Honours in the United Kingdom are honours granted at the behest of an outgoing prime minister following their resignation. In such a list, a prime minister may ask the monarch to bestow peerages, or lesser honours, on any number of people of their choosing. In 1997, an additional 47 working peers were created at the behest of the three main parties.
Cello Concerto (Schumann)
The Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129, by Robert Schumann was completed in a period of only two weeks, between 10 October and 24 October 1850, shortly after Schumann became the music director at Düsseldorf.

The concerto was never played in Schumann's lifetime. It was premiered on 23 April 1860, four years after his death, in Oldenburg, with Ludwig Ebert as soloist.

The length of a typical performance is about 25 minutes.

Naxos (company)
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records, which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 17 labels including Naxos Records, Naxos Audiobooks, and Naxos Books (ebooks). They distribute a number of additional labels that are independent of the Naxos Musical Group with a wide range of offerings.

The company was founded in 1987 by Klaus Heymann, a German-born resident of Hong Kong. In September 2025, Kuke Music Holding Ltd (NYSE: KUKE), a leading classical music services platform in China, acquired a controlling interest in Naxos Music Group for US$106 million.
The Rainmaker (play)
The Rainmaker is a play written by N. Richard Nash in the early 1950s.  It was first performed in August 1953 on NBC's live TV show, The Philco Television Playhouse. The play then opened on Broadway on October 28, 1954, at the Cort Theatre, and ran for 125 performances. The Broadway production was directed by Joseph Anthony and produced by Ethel Linder Reiner.

The play was translated into more than 40 languages and adapted into the 1956 film The Rainmaker starring Burt Lancaster and Katharine Hepburn. It was filmed again for a 1982 TV movie directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Tommy Lee Jones and Tuesday Weld. The story was also adapted into a Broadway musical, 110 in the Shade. The play was revived on Broadway in 1999–2000 starring Woody Harrelson and Jayne Atkinson, who was nominated for the 2000 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.

The Philco Television Playhouse
The Philco Television Playhouse is an American television anthology series that was broadcast live on NBC from 1948 to 1955. Produced by Fred Coe, the series was sponsored by Philco. It was one of the most respected dramatic shows of the Golden Age of Television, winning a 1954 Peabody Award and receiving eight Emmy nominations between 1951 and 1956.