hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simpson Pass
Simpson Pass, el. 2,107 m (6,913 ft), is a mountain pass on the border between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, in the area of the Ball Range. It is the prominence col for Mount Ball on the Continental Divide in the vicinity of Sunshine Village ski resort.  Simpson River and Simpson Pass are named after Sir George Simpson who first explored the area in 1841.

The British Columbian side (Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park) is drained by the Simpson River, via its tributary the North Simpson River to the Kootenay River and then the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean.  The drainage on the Alberta side (Banff National Park) is Healy Creek to the Bow River, then into the Saskatchewan River system to Lake Winnipeg and finally Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Daniel J. McLeod
Daniel J. McLeod (October 31, 1849 – January 23, 1930) was a businessman, editor, and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1901 to 1906 as a Liberal Conservative member.

McLeod was born in 1849 at River John, Nova Scotia to Hugh and Jane MacDonald McLeod. He married Margaret Douglas. He served as editor of the Cumberland Star for several years and held local office including justice of the peace in 1883, councillor for Cumberland County and town clerk of Springhill, Nova Scotia. McLeod died in 1930 at Springhill, Nova Scotia. He was elected in the 1901 Nova Scotia general election but was unsuccessful in the 1906 Nova Scotia general election.

River John, Nova Scotia
River John is an unincorporated community in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

It is located near the mouth of the River John on the Northumberland Strait, halfway between Pictou and Tatamagouche near the boundary with Colchester County. It is on Nova Scotia Trunk 6 and the designated tourist route, the Sunrise Trail.

River John was colonized by Europeans during the 18th century and its port and the proximity of plentiful timber led to the development of a small shipbuilding industry.

Today the local economy is based on the seasonal industries of fishing, agriculture, and tourism. The area is a popular summer cottage location for residents of Halifax and other urban areas in the province.  The village supports a few local shops, a library, several churches, a post office and a volunteer fire department. The K-9 school was closed in 2015.
Stumptown Wildlife Management Area
Stumptown Wildlife Management Area is located in both Calhoun and Gilmer Counties near the community of Stumptown, West Virginia.  Stumptown WMA is located on 1,675 acres (678 ha) of hilly terrain, mostly covered with mixed oak and pine forest, with stands of mixed hardwoods.

Access to Stumptown WMA is from the north off U.S. Route 33 on Mikes Run Road at Stumptown, on Middle Run Road at Lockney, and on Lower Run Road at Normantown.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Oldenburgia
Oldenburgia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It contains four accepted species, including the commonly cultivated, near-endangered species Oldenburgia grandis (Thunb.) Baill. (=Oldenburgia arbuscula DC.); the petricolous Oldenburgia paradoxa Less. (type-species); Oldenburgia intermedia Bond (small distribution around Cape Town); and Oldenburgia papionum DC. Oldenburgia herbacea (L.) Roxb., an unresolved name. They are endemic to South Africa, southern parts of western and eastern Cape.

Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus".
Tomato effect
The tomato effect occurs when effective therapies for a condition are rejected because they do not make sense in the context of the current understanding or theory of the disease in question. The name refers to the fact that tomatoes were rejected as a food source by most North Americans until the end of the 19th century, because the prevailing belief at the time was that they were poisonous.

A parallel concern is medical reversal, which is when new clinical information is based on new clinical trials or understanding of a disease, contradicting clinical practice. Medical reversal implies the original clinical practice failed to achieve success or had harms that outweighed benefits. That is contrasted with the phenomenon of replacement where a useful clinical practice is replaced by one that works better.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Anthousa, Trikala
Anthousa (Greek: Ανθούσα, before 1928: Λεπενίτσα - Lepenitsa) is an Aromanian (Vlach) village in the municipal unit of Aspropotamos in the western part of the Trikala regional unit, Greece. It is located in the southern Pindus mountains, 36 km west of Kalambaka, and 12 km south of Metsovo.  The 2021 census recorded 10 residents in Anthousa. The community of Anthousa covers an area of 38.723 km2.

Pindus
The Pindus, Pindos or Pindhos is a mountain range located in Northern Greece and Southern Albania. It is roughly 160 km (99 mi) long, with a maximum elevation of 2,637 metres (8,652 ft) (Mount Smolikas). Because it runs north to south along much of mainland Greece, the Pindus range is known colloquially as the spine of Greece. The mountain range stretches from near the Greek-Albanian border in southern Albania, entering the Epirus and Macedonia regions in northern Greece down to the north of the Peloponnese. Geologically, it is an extension of the Dinaric Alps, which dominate the western region of the Balkan Peninsula.
Petricani
Petricani is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Boiștea, Petricani, Târpești, and Țolici.

The commune is situated on the Moldavian Plateau, at an altitude of 318 m (1,043 ft), on the banks of the river Topolița and its right tributary, the Țolici. It is located in the northern part of Neamț County, 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Târgu Neamț and 33 km (21 mi) north of the county seat, Piatra Neamț.

Moldavian Plateau
The Moldavian Plateau (Romanian: Podișul Moldovei) is a geographic area of the historical region of Moldavia, spanning nowadays the east and northeast of Romania, most of Moldova (except the south), and most of the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine (where it is known as the Pokuttian-Bessarabian Upland).
Itotenaan Henry Ogiri
Itotenaan Henry Ogiri ( born in July, 1965 ), is a Nigerian Professor of Accounting at Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State (visiting) and Politician. He was appointed under the Cabinet of Siminalayi Fubara in Rivers State and currently serving as a Federal Commissioner representing Rivers State in the National Population Commission (NPC) of Nigeria

He was elected as a member of the 5th Rivers State House of Assembly and 6th Rivers State House of Assembly seat for the Abua/Odual State Constituency's representative, before been appointed by former president Goodluck Jonathan as executive director of Finance and Administration for Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC).

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
Wellness in the Schools
Wellness in the Schools is a nonprofit organization that promotes healthy eating, environmental awareness and fitness for children in American public schools. It is led by volunteer chef Bill Telepan, a Manhattan restaurateur.

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
Joseph Hazelwood
Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood (September 24, 1946 – c. July 22, 2022) was an American sailor.  He was the captain of Exxon Valdez during her 1989 oil spill. He was accused of being intoxicated which contributed to the disaster, but was cleared of this charge at his 1990 trial after witnesses testified that he was sober around the time of the accident.  Hazelwood was convicted of a lesser charge, negligent discharge of oil (a misdemeanor), fined $50,000, and sentenced to 1,000 hours of community service.

Third mate
A third mate (3/M) or third officer is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The third mate is a watchstander and customarily the ship's safety officer and fourth-in-command (fifth on some ocean liners). The position is junior to a second mate. Other duties vary depending on the type of ship, its crewing, and other factors.

Duties related to the role of safety officer focus on responsibility for items such as firefighting equipment, lifeboats, and various other emergency systems.
Herzenstein
Herzenstein is a surname, meaning "heart stone" in German. Notable people with the surname include:

Mikhail Herzenstein (1859–1906), Russian scientist and politician

Solomon Herzenstein (1854–1894), Russian zoologist

Mikhail Herzenstein
Mikhail Yakovlevich Herzenstein (Russian: Михаи́л Я́ковлевич Герценште́йн; April 30 [O.S. 18] 1859, Voznesensk, Russian Empire — July 31 [O.S. 18] 1906, Terijoki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire) was a Russian-Jewish scientist and politician who converted to Christianity, elected for the Constitutional Democratic Party to the First State Duma of the Russian Empire, representing the city of Moscow. He was assassinated before the end of his parliamentary mandate by the Black Hundreds, a reactionary antisemitic terrorist group at his summer home in Terijoki in the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Shemouniyeh
Shemouniyeh is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture in the Palestinian Tubas Governorate in the northeastern West Bank, located five kilometers southwest of Tubas. It is located on a plateau over the north of the Wadi Fa'rah, a little north-west of Deishun. Nearby is the Qaraoun culture occupational site of Wadi Sallah. Large numbers of massive flint tools and debris from this factory site were found and linked to this little known culture that was identified at over 25 sites in Lebanon. Tools found included picks, adzes, borers and flake scrapers.

Tubas Governorate
The Tubas Governorate (Arabic: محافظة طوباس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ṭūbās) is an administrative district of Palestine, in the northeastern West Bank. Its district capital or muhfaza is the city of Tubas. In 2007, the population was 50,267, raising to 60,927 in 2017.
Dallarca, Gerger
Dallarca (Kurdish: Baygûz) is a village in the Gerger District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çûkan and Hecîyanî tribes and had a population of 204 in 2021.

The hamlets of Aydınlık, Erdoğmuş and Mazılı are attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Theodor Pištěk (artist)
Theodor Pištěk (25 October 1932 – 3 December 2025) was a Czech painter, costume designer, set designer, and racing driver. His costume designs and film sets are internationally acclaimed. He won an Oscar for his costumes for Amadeus, directed by Miloš Forman. For Forman's next film, Valmont, Pištěk won a César Award and was nominated for a second Oscar. In 2003, he received the Czech Lion Award for Unique Contribution to Czech Film, in 2013, he was awarded the Crystal Globe for Outstanding Artistic Contribution to World Cinema, and in 2017, he received the Golden Slipper for Outstanding Contribution to Films for Children and Young People.

National Gallery Prague
The National Gallery Prague (Czech: Národní galerie Praha, NGP), formerly the National Gallery in Prague (Národní galerie v Praze), is a state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and presents masterpieces of Czech and international fine art in permanent and temporary exhibitions. The collections of the gallery are not housed in a single building, but are presented in a number of historic structures within the city of Prague, as well as other places. The largest of the gallery sites is the Trade Fair Palace, which houses the National Gallery's collection of modern art. Other important exhibition spaces are located in the Convent of St Agnes of Bohemia, the Kinský Palace, the Salm Palace, the Schwarzenberg Palace, the Sternberg Palace, and the Wallenstein Riding School. Founded in 1796, it is one of the world's oldest public art galleries and one of the largest museums in Central Europe.
DBE World
DBE World is the sixth full-length studio mixtape by British hip hop collective D-Block Europe (consisting of Young Adz and Dirtbike LB), released through EGA Records and UMG on 7 July 2023. The album is a follow-up to their second full-length studio album, Lap 5 in September 2022. The mixtape features guest appearances from Aitch, Chip, Clavish, Headie One, K-Trap, M Huncho, Nafe Smallz, and OhGeesy, alongside production from Da Beatfreakz, Dirtbike LB, Eight8, Einer Bankz, Ghost Killer Track, Nathaniel London, alongside several other producers.

K-Trap
Devonte Kasi Martin Perkins (born 21 October 1995), professionally known as K-Trap, is a British rapper and songwriter from South London. He is known for his prominence in the UK drill scene, releasing notable mixtapes such as The Last Whip (2017), The Re-Up (2018) and No Magic (2019). Previously, K-Trap was widely known for wearing a balaclava to conceal his identity until June 2019 when he revealed his face for the first time in the music video for his single ‘Big Mood’, promoting his mixtape No Magic.

His fourth mixtape, Street Side Effects, was released on 13 November 2020. His mixtape collaboration with Headie One, Strength to Strength, was released on September 22, 2023, reaching number 4 on the UK albums chart and 1 on the UK Hip-Hop and R&B albums chart.
Fragmentary Troia Chronicle
The Fragmentary Troia Chronicle (Latin: Chronici Trojani fragmentum) is a short, anonymous Latin history of the south Italian city of Troia and the bishops of Troia in the 11th and 12th centuries. The text as it has come down is fragmentary and incomplete. It is a hybrid text, containing annals, a short hagiographical section and partial copies of charters. Due to the poor transmission of the text, its authenticity and reliability have been questioned.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 2
Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 2 is the twenty-second studio album by American rapper E-40. The album was released on December 9, 2014, by Heavy on the Grind Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from  B-Legit, Mack 10, Turf Talk, Dej Loaf, Ludacris, Kirko Bangz, Plies, Ty Dolla Sign and others.

Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 1 was also released on the same day.

Turf Talk
Demar Bernstine, known professionally as Turf Talk, is an American rapper. He is involved with the hyphy movement. He is a cousin of Bay Area rapper E-40, and is signed to his record label Sick Wid It Records.
Josef Paleček
Josef Paleček (born May 5, 1949) is a Czech former ice hockey player who is known as a head coach in the Czech Extraliga, and as an assistant coach for the Czech Republic men's national ice hockey teams at the 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2011 IIHF World Championships.

2007 IIHF World Championship
The 2007 IIHF World Championship was held between 27 April and 13 May 2007 in Moscow, Russia. It was the 71st annual world championship event run by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The tournament was won by Canada with Rick Nash being named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the tournament.
Lee Arnone-Briggs
Lee Arnone-Briggs is an American actress with a career spanning nearly forty years in stage, screen, and television productions. In addition to her screen work, she is also a voice actress with several motion picture credits.

Her notable film roles include "Mrs. Lemsky" in Girls Just Want to Have Fun and the Stewardess in The Karate Kid Part II. However, her mostly widely noted film role is for a movie in which she does not appear in the theatrical release—Star Trek: Insurrection. In this film, Arnone-Briggs played a Starfleet librarian on the USS Enterprise-E. The scene was cut from the film version, however, it was included on the Star Trek: Insurrection (Special Edition) DVD release.

Her television credits include appearances on Married... with Children, Night Court, Hunter, Hooperman, Starman, the mid-1980s edition of The Twilight Zone, and The Facts of Life.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (/bɑːrˈtɒldi, -ˈθɒl-/ bar-T(H)OL-dee, French: [fʁedeʁik oɡyst baʁtɔldi]; 2 August 1834 – 4 October 1904) was a French sculptor and painter. He is best known for designing Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, in New York City, United States.

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Wushu at the 2009 World Games
The wushu competition at the 2009 World Games was held from July 16 to July 26 at the Kaohsiung County Stadium in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. This was the first time wushu was featured as an invitational sport at the games, with later appearances being in 2013 and 2022.

Fongshan Stadium
The Fongshan Stadium (Chinese: 高雄市立鳳山體育場; pinyin: Gāoxióng Shìlì Fèngshān Tǐyùchǎng), formerly known as the Kaohsiung County Stadium (Chinese: 高雄縣立體育場), is a multi-purpose stadium in Fongshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Brampton East (federal electoral district)
Brampton East (French: Brampton-Est) is a federal electoral district in Ontario. It encompasses a portion of Ontario previously included in the electoral districts of Bramalea—Gore—Malton and Brampton—Springdale.

Brampton East was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election.

Brampton East has the highest proportion of South Asians in Canada (70.1% of the population identified as South Asian in 2021).  Brampton East also has the second-highest percentage of Sikhs (40.4%, behind only Surrey-Newton) and the highest percentage of Hindus (23.8%) of any riding in Canada. Brampton East has the lowest median age in Ontario at 32.6.

Sikhism in Canada
Sikhism is the fourth-largest religion in Canada, with nearly 800,000 adherents, or 2.1% of Canada's population, as of 2021. The largest Sikh populations in Canada are found in Ontario, followed by British Columbia and Alberta. As of the 2021 Census, more than half of Canada's Sikhs, Approximately 52.9% can be found in these 4 cities: Brampton (163,260), Surrey (154,415), Calgary (49,465), and Edmonton (41,385).

Canada is home to the largest national Sikh proportion in the world (2.1%), and also has the second-largest Sikh population in the world, after India. British Columbia has the third-largest Sikh proportion (5.9%) amongst all global administrative divisions, behind only Punjab and Chandigarh in India. British Columbia, Manitoba, and Yukon hold the distinction of being three of the only four administrative divisions in the world with Sikhism as the second most followed religion among the population.