hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electric catfish
Electric catfish, or Malapteruridae (from Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós) meaning "soft", πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", and οὐρά (ourá), meaning "tail"), is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes). This family includes two genera, Malapterurus and Paradoxoglanis, with 21 species. Several species of this family have the ability to generate electricity, delivering a shock of up to 350 volts from its electric organ. Electric catfish are found in tropical Africa and the Nile River. Electric catfish are usually nocturnal and carnivorous. Some species feed primarily on other fish, incapacitating their prey with electric discharges, but others are generalist bottom foragers, feeding on things like invertebrates, fish eggs, and detritus. The largest can grow to about 1.2 meters (3 ft) long, but most species are far smaller.

Developmental bioelectricity
Developmental bioelectricity is the regulation of cell, tissue, and organ-level patterning and behavior by electrical signals during the development of embryonic animals and plants. The charge carrier in developmental bioelectricity is the ion (a charged atom) rather than the electron, and an electric current and field is generated whenever a net ion flux occurs. Cells and tissues of all types use flows of ions to communicate electrically. Endogenous electric currents and fields, ion fluxes, and differences in resting potential across tissues comprise a signalling system. It functions along with biochemical factors, transcriptional networks, and other physical forces to regulate cell behaviour and large-scale patterning in processes such as embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer suppression.
Hsu–Robbins–Erdős theorem
In the mathematical theory of probability, the Hsu–Robbins–Erdős theorem states that if  is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with zero mean and finite variance and

then

for every .

The result was proved by Pao-Lu Hsu and Herbert Robbins in 1947.

This is an interesting strengthening of the classical strong law of large numbers in the direction of the Borel–Cantelli lemma. The idea of such a result is probably due to Robbins, but the method of proof is vintage Hsu. Hsu and Robbins further conjectured in  that the condition of finiteness of the variance of  is also a necessary condition for   to hold. Two years later, the famed mathematician Paul Erdős proved the conjecture.

Since then, many authors extended this result in several directions.

Herbert Robbins
Herbert Ellis Robbins (January 12, 1915 – February 12, 2001) was an American  mathematician and statistician. He did research in topology, measure theory, statistics, and a variety of other fields.

He was the co-author, with Richard Courant, of What is Mathematics?.  The Robbins lemma, used in empirical Bayes methods, is named after him.  Robbins algebras are named after him because of a conjecture (since proved) that he posed concerning Boolean algebras. The Robbins' theorem, in graph theory, is also named after him, as is the Whitney–Robbins synthesis, a tool he introduced to prove this theorem. The well-known unsolved problem of minimizing in sequential selection the expected rank of the selected item under full information, sometimes referred to as the fourth secretary problem, also bears his name: Robbins' problem (of optimal stopping).
Kiyazibash
Kiyazibash (Russian: Киязибаш; Bashkir: Киәҙебаш, Kiäźebaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Arslanovsky Selsoviet, Buzdyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Buzdyaksky District
Buzdyaksky District (Russian: Буздя́кский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Бүздәк районы, Büzdäk rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Chekmagushevsky District in the north, Blagovarsky District in the east, Davlekanovsky District in the southeast, Belebeyevsky District in the south, Tuymazinsky District in the southwest and west, and with Sharansky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,632.8 square kilometers (630.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Buzdyak. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 30,688, with the population of Buzdyak accounting for 33.6% of that number.
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, sometimes referred to simply as Brewer's, is a reference work containing definitions and explanations of many famous phrases, allusions, and figures, whether historical or mythical.

The "New Edition revised, corrected, and enlarged" from 1895 is now in the public domain, and web-based versions are available online.

The most recent version is the 20th edition, published in November 2018 by Chambers Harrap Publishers.

Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a category of literary or linguistic terms, with two related meanings. The first meaning is the broader and more technical one: a synonym for literary device, particularly when divided into two sub-types: schemes, variations deviating from the usual sequence of words, and tropes or figures, deviations of the words themselves from ordinary usage. This meaning dates back to the Renaissance humanists, themselves inspired by the classical rhetoricians.

The second meaning of figure of speech is narrower and its most common one colloquially—essentially, a synonym for trope as defined above: any word or phrase that deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a persuasive or other intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

This article focuses on the first, broader meaning.
Kiwi Camara
Kiwi Alejandro Danao Camara (born June 16, 1984), also known as K.A.D. Camara, is a Filipino American attorney and businessman known for being founder and former CEO of CS Disco. He also represented defendant Jammie Thomas-Rasset in the first file-sharing copyright infringement lawsuit in the U.S. brought by major record labels to be tried by a jury. Camara abruptly resigned from CS Disco in September 2023 following  accusations of improper sexual conduct.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
66th British Academy Film Awards
The 66th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, were held on 10 February 2013 at the Royal Opera House in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2012. The nominations were announced on 9 January 2013. Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades were handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 2012.

Stephen Fry hosted the ceremony, where Argo won Best Film and Best Director for Ben Affleck. Daniel Day-Lewis won Best Actor for Lincoln and Emmanuelle Riva won Best Actress for Amour. Christoph Waltz won Best Supporting Actor for Django Unchained and Anne Hathaway won Best Supporting Actress for Les Misérables. Skyfall, directed by Sam Mendes, was voted Outstanding British Film of 2012. Sir Alan Parker received the BAFTA Fellowship and Tessa Ross garnered the BAFTA Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award.

BAFTA Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award
The Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award is an annual award, first introduced in 1978 and presented in honor of Michael Balcon, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts charity. The award was originally named the Michael Balcon Award but was renamed to its current title in 2006.

The inaugural recipient of the award was the special visual effects team from the 1978 film Superman and has been presented every year except 2021 and 2022.

In 2020, the award was originally awarded to Noel Clarke but was later rescinded due to numerous allegations of sexual misconduct.
Raguž
Raguž is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivica Raguž (born 1968), Croatian footballer

Marianna Raguž (born 1975), Croatian basketball player

Marko Raguž (born 1998), Austrian footballer of Bosnian Croat descent

Martin Raguž (born 1958), Bosnian Croat politician

Martin Raguž
Martin Raguž (born 2 March 1958) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2000 to 2001. He was a member of both the national House of Representatives and House of Peoples.

Raguž also served as the first minister of human rights and refugees and as the federal minister without portfolio. He was also the minister of labour and social politicy from 1992 to 1993, during the Bosnian War.
Teliphasa elegans
Teliphasa elegans is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in Taiwan, Korea, the Russian Far East, Japan and China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi and Tianjin).

The wingspan is 30–35 mm. The species has two forms: a blackish form and the whitish from. The blackish form can be differentiated by the forewing and the distal two-thirds of the hindwings which are blackish brown. The whitish form is similar to Teliphasa albifusa superficially.

The larvae feed on Glycine max and Cornus macrophylla.

Cornus macrophylla
Cornus macrophylla, commonly known as the large-leafed dogwood, is a species of dogwood found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, and several provinces in China, including Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang.
Eugenia Kim (author)
Eugenia Kim (born 1952) is a Korean American writer and novelist who lives in Washington, D.C. She is most known for her debut novel, The Calligrapher's Daughter (2008), which was critically acclaimed and won multiple awards, including the 2009 Borders Original Voices Award for Fiction. Kim teaches at Fairfield University's MFA Creative Writing program.

More (magazine)
More  was a women's lifestyle magazine published 10 times a year by the Meredith Corporation with a rate base of 1.3 million and a circulation of 1.8 million. A Canadian version was published under license by Transcontinental from 2007 to 2012.
Trabzonspor U21
Trabzonspor U21 is a youth football team from Trabzonspor. The club competes in the U21 Ligi, against other U21 clubs in Turkey. An U21 team is made up of players between the ages of 18 and 20, and it is the last level of amateur play before a footballer reaches professional status in Turkey. The club was founded by former Trabzonspor footballer and manager Özkan Sümer in 1972. They were the first youth team in Turkey, and became an official branch of Trabzonspor in 1975. The club has won two league titles in 1996–97 and 2003–04.

Özkan Sümer
Özkan Sümer (20 November 1940 – 22 December 2020) was a Turkish footballer, manager, and president of Trabzonspor (2001–2003). He played as a defender for Trabzonspor (and later coached the same club), Galatasaray SK, and the Turkey national football team.
Pouye language
Pouye (Bouye) is a language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, by a thousand people, and growing. It is spoken in the seven villages of Bulawa (3°39′57″S 142°00′52″E﻿ / ﻿3.665801°S 142.014408°E﻿ / -3.665801; 142.014408﻿ (Bulwo)), Kiliauto, Komtin, Maurom (3°40′59″S 141°50′50″E﻿ / ﻿3.683154°S 141.847269°E﻿ / -3.683154; 141.847269﻿ (Maurom)), Wokien (3°41′52″S 141°57′28″E﻿ / ﻿3.697824°S 141.957815°E﻿ / -3.697824; 141.957815﻿ (Wokien)), Wulme, and Yukilau (3°40′42″S 141°55′32″E﻿ / ﻿3.678344°S 141.925477°E﻿ / -3.678344; 141.925477﻿ (Yiklau)), which are mostly located within East Wapei Rural LLG.

A grammar of the Pouye language is published here:
https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/62023

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Michael Vernazza
Michael J. Vernazza (born c. 1968) is a United States Navy vice admiral who serves as the commander of Naval Information Forces. He most recently served as the commander of the Fleet Information Warfare Command Pacific. He previously served as the commander of the Naval Information Warfighting Development Center.

In May 2024, Vernazza was nominated for promotion to vice admiral and assignment as commander of the Naval Information Forces.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Maxwell Shaw
Maxwell Shaw (21 February 1929 – 21 August 1985 in London, England) was an actor, known for The Barber of Stamford Hill (1962), Once More, with Feeling! (1960) and BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (1950). He is best remembered for his television work, but he also appeared in many feature films of the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. He appeared as Mark 'Frisky' Lee in Gideon's Way (episode "Big Fish, Little Fish") (1964).

His Broadway credits include The Hostage. He had a small role in Ben-Hur (1959).

He was married to casting director Rose Tobias Shaw.

Sunday Night Theatre
Sunday Night Theatre was a long-running series of televised live television plays screened by BBC Television from early 1950 until 1959.

The productions for the first five years or so of the run were re-staged live the following Thursday, partly because of technical limitations in this era, and the theatrical basis of early television drama. Some of the earliest collaborations between Rudolph Cartier and Nigel Kneale were produced for this series, including Arrow to the Heart (1952, 1956) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1954). The Sunday night drama slot was subsequently renamed The Sunday-Night Play which ran for four seasons between 1960 and 1963. ITV transmitted its own unrelated run of Sunday Night Theatre between 1969 and 1974.
And She Was
"And She Was" is a song by the American band Talking Heads from their 1985 album Little Creatures. The song was written by David Byrne, who also provides the lead vocals. It reached No. 54 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. The accompanying music video was directed by avant-garde filmmaker Jim Blashfield, who cites the style of Terry Gilliam as one of his major influences.

The song is musically notable for its unusual use of modulation. The overall key of the song is E major; however, the bridge to the chorus is in F major. The second bridge back to the verse is in the key of G major (chords B minor to G major, "She was glad about it...").

E major
E major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, and D♯. Its key signature has four sharps. Its relative minor is C-sharp minor and its parallel minor is E minor. Its enharmonic equivalent, F-flat major, has six flats and the double-flat B, which makes that key less convenient to use.

The E major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
HC Vityaz
Hockey Club Vityaz Moscow Region (ХК Витязь) were a professional ice hockey club based in Balashikha, Russia. They competed as a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the first few seasons of the KHL, the team was widely known for playing a tough and physical North American-influenced style of ice hockey. As an inaugural member of the KHL and after 17 seasons in the league, Vityaz announced their initial withdrawal for the 2025–26 season due to financial constraints, on 24 June 2025.

Chris Simon
Christopher J. Simon (January 30, 1972 – March 18, 2024) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Known for his physical style of play and enforcer role, Simon played over 15 seasons in the NHL with teams including the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, Washington Capitals, Chicago Blackhawks, New York Rangers, Calgary Flames, New York Islanders, and Minnesota Wild. He was part of the 1996 Stanley Cup-winning Colorado Avalanche team. Simon was also known for his aggressive play, receiving eight suspensions throughout his NHL career, totaling 65 games. After leaving the NHL, he continued his career in the KHL before retiring from professional hockey in 2013.
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra
The Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an English orchestra, founded in 1893 and originally based in Bournemouth. With a remit to serve the South and South West of England, the BSO is administratively based in the adjacent town of Poole, since 1979. The orchestra is resident at Lighthouse in Poole, with other major concert series given at Portsmouth Guildhall, the Great Hall of Exeter University and Bristol Beacon.

Principal conductors of the orchestra have included Sir Dan Godfrey, Rudolf Schwarz, Constantin Silvestri, Paavo Berglund, Andrew Litton, Marin Alsop, and Kirill Karabits. The current principal conductor is Mark Wigglesworth, as of the 2024–2025 season. The orchestra's current chief executive is Dougie Scarfe.

Musikverein
The Wiener Musikverein (German: [ˌviːnɐ muˈziːkfɐ̯ˌaɪn] or German: [ˌviːnɐ muˈziːkfəˌʁaɪn]; German for 'Viennese Music Association'), commonly shortened to Musikverein, is a concert hall in Vienna, Austria, which is located in the Innere Stadt district. The building opened in 1870 and is the home of the Vienna Philharmonic orchestra.

The acoustics of the building's 'Great Hall' (Großer Saal) have earned it recognition alongside other prominent concert halls, such as the Konzerthaus in Berlin, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and Symphony Hall in Boston. With the exception of Boston's Symphony Hall, none of these halls were built in the modern era with the application of architectural acoustics, and all share a long, tall and narrow shoebox shape.
Quttiktuq
Quttiktuq (Inuktitut: ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᕐᒃ, "Highlands") is a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada. The riding consists of the communities of Arctic Bay, Grise Fiord, Nanisivik, and Resolute.

Arctic Bay
Arctic Bay (Inuktitut: ᐃᒃᐱᐊᕐᔪᒃ, romanized: Ikpiarjuk, lit. 'the pocket') is an Inuit hamlet located in the northern part of the Borden Peninsula on Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Arctic Bay is located in the Eastern Time Zone although it is quite close to the time zone boundary. The predominant languages are Inuktitut and English. Arctic Bay is notable for being the birthplace of the former Premier of Nunavut and, as of 2021, the Commissioner of Nunavut, Eva Aariak. It is the northernmost public community in Canada not formed from forced relocation.

The community is served by annual supply sealift, and by Arctic Bay Airport. There is also a road connecting it to Nanisivik, a former mining community just inland that is now closed.
Orthodox Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Kraków
The Orthodox Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross  (Polish: Cerkiew Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego), is a historic parish Greek Catholic orthodox church (tserkov) located at 11 Wiślna Street in the Old Town of Kraków, Poland.

In the years 1636 to 1803 and from 1949 to 1998 it was the St. Norbert's Church.

Greek Catholic Church
The Greek-Catholic Churches, which fall within the "Eastern Catholic Churches" or "Catholic Churches of Eastern rite", constitute the corpus of churches in communion with the Bishop of Rome and observing, by long tradition, the Byzantine Rite. They are still called "Greek-Catholic" to highlight the "Greek" rite (as the Byzantine rite was called in the past, having the Greek koinè as the common ecclesiastical lingua franca of the various Christian peoples of the East) and the union with the papacy.
MCW Metroliner
The MCW Metroliner was an integral coach manufactured by Metro Cammell Weymann (MCW) between 1983 and 1988.

Launched by MCW in April 1983 ahead of the 1984 tourist season as the company attempted to diversify its manufacturing business away from orders by the passenger transport executives of the United Kingdom, the Metroliner was available as a standard single-deck coach or a tri-axle double-deck coach based on the tri-axle MCW Metrobus chassis, predominantly for service in the United Kingdom with nationalised bus operators National Bus Company (NBC) and Scottish Bus Group (SBG) for their long-distance coach National Express and Scottish Citylink express services.

National Bus Company (UK)
The National Bus Company (NBC) was a nationalised bus company that operated in England and Wales between 1969 and 1988. NBC did not run buses itself, but was the owner of a number of regional subsidiary bus operating companies.
UNY
UNY Co., Ltd. (ユニー株式会社, Yunī Kabushikigaisha) is a company that operates a chain of supermarkets in Japan. Most of the stores are mainly located in the Chūbu and Kantō regions, with an international branch in Cityplaza, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong operated by Uny (HK) Co., Ltd. with a brand name called APiTA, which is a subsidiary company of Henderson Land Development, a Hong Kong real estate company controlled by Hong Kong tycoon Lee Shau-kee. The company is headquartered in Inazawa, Aichi Prefecture.

In June 2018, UNY Hong Kong was acquired by Henderson Investment Ltd. and officially renamed as “Unicorn Stores (HK) Ltd.”, rather acquired by its subsidiary company Urban Kirin. Therefore, Uny became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the company.

Taikoo Shing
Taikoo Shing or Tai Koo Shing (Cantonese pronunciation: [tʰāːi.kǔː sȅŋ]), is a private residential development in Quarry Bay, in the eastern part of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is a part of Swire's property business, along with Taikoo Place, the adjacent Cityplaza retail and office complex, and EAST, a lifestyle business hotel.