hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Effects of economic liberalisation on education in Tajikistan
Tajikistan gained independence in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and began its transition from socialist economics to a more liberal, market economy. Initially, efforts to effectively liberalise education to reflect the new economic order were hampered by the civil war that raged between 1991 and 1997, and the resulting economic collapse. Tajikistan has since received aid from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), adopting a number of educational reforms with mixed results.

European Educational Research Association
The European Educational Research Association (EERA) is an association of national and regional associations representing educational researchers in Europe. EERA aims to encourage collaboration amongst educational researchers in Europe, promote communication between educational researchers and international governmental organisations and disseminate and highlight state-of-the-art findings of educational research, primarily through the annual European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) and its associated journal, the European Educational Research Journal (EERJ), the EERA Blog and the EERA Book Series - Transdisciplinary Perspectives in Educational Research.
Barry Philbin
Barry Philbin (born 14 July 1950) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Swinton and Warrington, as a loose forward. He subsequently broke his leg, which he puts down to playing in jersey number unlucky 13.

Central Park (Wigan)
Central Park was a rugby league stadium in Wigan, England, which was the home of Wigan RLFC before the club moved to the JJB Stadium in 1999. Its final capacity was 18,000. The site is now a Tesco supermarket and car park.
Jhaverchand Meghani Award
Jhaverchand Meghani Award (Gujarati: ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી પુરસ્કાર) or Jhaverchand Meghani Folklore Award (Gujarati: ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી લોકસાહિત્ય પુરસ્કાર) is a literary award which is given for notable contribution to the Gujarati folk literature. Named after Gujarati author Jhaverchand Meghani, the award was established by Jhaverchand Meghani Lok Sahitya Kendra (Jhaverchand Meghani Folk Literature Center), Saurastra University, Rajkot.

The winner of the award is given cash prize of ₹ 100,000 and citation.

Gujarati literature
The history of Gujarati literature (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય, romanized: Gujarātī sāhitya) may be traced to 1000 AD, and this literature has flourished since then to the present. It is unique in having almost no patronage from a ruling dynasty, other than its composers.

Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Akademi and Gujarati Sahitya Parishad are Gujarat-based literary institutions promoting the Gujarati literature.
Almonacid de la Cuba
Almonacid de la Cuba (Aragonese: Almonecir de la Cuba) is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2012 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 252.

Lobo Hill, an important Spanish Republican artillery position where the artillery strafed what is now Belchite old town during the Battle of Belchite (1937) is located 2 km (1 mi) to the east of Almonacid de la Cuba. The caves and holes have been preserved and are open to visitors.

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
Sloping Main, Tasmania
Sloping Main is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Tasman in the South-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of the town of Nubeena. The 2021 census recorded a population of 47 for the state suburb of Sloping Main.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Finland–Netherlands relations
Finland–Netherlands relations are the bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Finland. The Netherlands recognised Finland's independence on 28 January 1918. Diplomatic relations between them were established on 14 August 1918. 
The Netherlands has an embassy in Helsinki Finland has an embassy in the Hague,  Both countries are full members of the COE, Joint Expeditionary Force, EU and NATO. On 18 May 2022, the Netherlands announced that they welcomed the applications of Finland and Sweden to join NATO and that they would fully support their membership. The Netherlands supported Finland's NATO membership during Finland's accession into NATO, which was finalized on 4 April 2023.  And Netherlands is Observer bureau of the BEAC, CBSS and AC.

Arctic Council
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, and these constitute the member states of the council: Canada; Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Russia; Sweden; and the United States. Other countries or national groups can be admitted as observer states, while organizations representing the concerns of indigenous peoples can be admitted as indigenous permanent participants.
La Sebala Airfield
La Sebala Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia, located about 1 km north of Cebalat; 15 km north-northwest of Tunis.

It was first used as an airfield and landing ground by the Luftwaffe in 1942 and 1943. Jagdgeschwader 53 was based there from November 1942 to April 1943.

It was a temporary airfield constructed by Army Engineers using compacted earth for its runway, parking and dispersal areas, not designed for heavy aircraft or for long-term use.

The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 52d Fighter Group between 21 May and 30 July 1943, flying combat operations with P-40 Warhawks over Sicily and Italy, as well as taking part in the Pantelleria reduction.

After the 52d moved to Boccadifalco on Sicily, the airfield was closed and dismantled. Today, there are traces of the airfield on the landscape visible from aerial photography, but no buildings or physical features.

52nd Operations Group
The 52d Operations Group is the flying component of the 52d Fighter Wing, assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA). The group is stationed at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany.
Hatf-I
The Hatf I (Urdu: حتف; Military designation: Hatf–I, Translit. Target-1) is a land-based short-ranged ballistic missile, currently in service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army.

Jointly designed and developed by the Space Research Commission and the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1987, it is the first system developed under Hatf program (lit. Target) and entered military service with Pakistan Army in 1992.

The Hatf-I is deployed as rocket artillery weapon system and has been replaced by the improved Hatf-IA and Hatf-IB, which have a maximum range of 100 kilometres (62 mi).

Rocket artillery
Rocket artillery is artillery that uses rockets as the projectile. The use of rocket artillery dates back to medieval China where devices such as fire arrows were used (albeit mostly as a psychological weapon). Fire arrows were also used in multiple launch systems and transported via carts. In the late nineteenth century, due to improvements in the power and range of conventional artillery, the use of early military rockets declined; they were finally used on a small scale by both sides during the American Civil War. Modern rocket artillery was first employed during World War II, in the form of the German Nebelwerfer family of rocket ordnance designs, Soviet Katyusha-series and numerous other systems employed on a smaller scale by the Western allies and Japan. In modern use, the rockets are often guided by an internal guiding system or GPS in order to maintain accuracy.
The Beatles Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour
The Beatles' first English tour lasted from 2 February 1963 until 3 March 1963. The Beatles were fourth on an eleven-act bill headed by 16-year-old Londoner, Helen Shapiro. Other acts on the tour were the Red Price Band, The Kestrels, The Honeys (UK), Dave Allen, Kenny Lynch and Danny Williams. They were also joined briefly by Billie Davis during the latter part of the tour.

The tour was organised by the Arthur Howes Agency. This was the first time that the Beatles had worked with Howes.

Acoustic-electric guitar
An acoustic-electric guitar, also called an electro-acoustic guitar, is an acoustic guitar fitted with a microphone, or a magnetic or piezoelectric pickup. They are used in a variety of music genres where the sound of an acoustic guitar is desired but more volume is required, especially during live performances. The design is distinct from a semi-acoustic guitar, which is an electric guitar with the addition of sound chambers within the guitar body.

Usually, acoustic-electric guitars are fitted with piezoelectric pickups, requiring a preamplifier incorporated into the guitar body to amplify the signal before it travels to the main guitar amplifier. These preamps may also come with an integrated tuner and tone controls of varying types; equalizers with up to six frequency bands may be used.
1931 Wellington mayoral election
The 1931 Wellington mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1931, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Wellington
The mayor of Wellington is the head of the municipal government of the city of Wellington, one of 67 mayors in New Zealand; they preside over the Wellington City Council. The mayor is directly elected using the single transferable vote method of proportional representation.

The current mayor is Andrew Little, elected in October 2025 for a three-year-term.
Spilosoma danbyi
Spilosoma danbyi, or Danby's tiger moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Berthold Neumoegen and Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1893. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Washington and western Canada from British Columbia to Manitoba.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
S.A.C.I. Falabella
Falabella S.A. is a Chilean multinational company. It is the second largest retail company in Chile after Cencosud and one of the largest in Latin America. It operates its flagship Falabella department stores in addition to Mall Plaza shopping centers, Tottus hyper & supermarkets, Banco Falabella banks, and Sodimac  home improvement centers. The company has 491 stores and 42 shopping malls. The stores are divided into 111 department stores branded as Falabella, 251 home improvement stores under the brand Sodimac and 129 supermarkets branded as Tottus. In Peru the company owned the Saga Falabella, listed in the Lima Stock Exchange. It was renamed to Falabella in 2018.

Falabella Department Stores division has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 2009.

Lima Stock Exchange
The Lima Stock Exchange (Spanish: Bolsa de Valores de Lima, BVL) is the stock exchange of Peru, located in the capital Lima. It has several indices. The S&P/BVL Peru General Index (formerly IGBVL) is a value-weighted index that tracks the performance of the largest and most frequently traded stocks on the Lima Exchange.

Other indices are S&P/BVL Peru Select and S&P/BVL Lima 25.

The Lima Stock Exchange is a member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative.

Sectors in the Lima Stock Exchange:

Sector Agriculture

Sector Banks and Finance

Sector Diversified

Sector Industries

Sector Mining

Sector Services
Liu Qiangdong
Liu Qiangdong (Richard) (Chinese: 刘强东; born March 10, 1973) is a Chinese Internet entrepreneur. Liu founded JD Multimedia as a business-to-consumer single retail store for magneto-optical products in June 1998 and later moved the company into an e-commerce website known as JD.com (also known as Jingdong) in 2013.

Liu is the company's former chief executive officer and now chairman, expanding its e-commerce products from selling consumer electronics to less specialized items. Under his leadership, JD.com has become the largest retailer in China. According to Forbes, Liu's net worth is US$4.9 billion as of 2023.

Direct-to-consumer
Direct-to-consumer (DTC or D2C) is a modern variation of the business-to-consumer (B2C) business model. The DTC is a business model of selling products directly to customers and thereby bypassing any third-party retailers, wholesalers, or intermediaries. Direct-to-consumer sales are usually transacted online, but direct-to-consumer brands may also operate physical retail spaces as a complement to their main e-commerce platform in a clicks-and-mortar business model. In the year 2021, direct-to-consumer e-commerce sales in the United States were over $128 billion. Examples of DTC brands currently in business include: Allbirds, Away, Dollar Shave Club, Everlane, Glossier, and Warby Parker.
Marble Arch
51°30′47″N 0°09′32″W﻿ / ﻿51.51317°N 0.15888°W﻿ / 51.51317; -0.15888

The Marble Arch is a 19th-century white marble-faced triumphal arch in London, England. The structure was designed by John Nash in 1827 as the state entrance to the cour d'honneur of Buckingham Palace; it stood near the site of what is today the three-bayed, central projection of the palace containing the well-known balcony. In 1851, on the initiative of architect and urban planner Decimus Burton, a one-time pupil of John Nash, the arch was relocated to its current site, near the northeast corner of Hyde Park, so that expansion of Buckingham Palace could proceed.

The arch gives its name to the area surrounding it, particularly the southern portion of Edgware Road and also to the underground station. The arch is not part of the Royal Parks and is maintained by Westminster City Council.

Court of honor (architecture)
A court of honor (French: cour d'honneur [kuʁ dɔnœʁ] ⓘ; German: Ehrenhof [ˈeːʁənhoːf]) is the principal and formal approach and forecourt of a large building. It is usually defined by two secondary wings projecting forward from the main central block (corps de logis), sometimes with a fourth side, consisting of a low wing or a railing. The Palace of Versailles (illustration) and Blenheim Palace (plan) both feature such entrance courts.
Van Waeyenberge
Van Waeyenberge is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jozef Van Waeyenberge (fl. 1995), Belgian businessman, brother of Piet

Piet Van Waeyenberge (born 1938), Belgian businessman

Jozef Van Waeyenberge
Jozef Van Waeyenberge is a Belgian businessman. He is a son of Camille Van Waeyenberge and a brother of Piet Van Waeyenberge one of the founders, and currently president, of De Warande.

After he finished high school, he immediately embarked on a career in business. He is Director of various companies, including the Van Waeyenberge family holding De Eik. In addition, he is also director of a number of professional organisations and cultural associations. He was appointed Director of Almanij in 1995 and Director of the KBC Group in 2005, when Almanij ceased to exist as a separate entity and merged with KBC to form the KBC Group.
Peronella
Peronella is a fairy tale or fable that is considered a traditional French tale. Peronella is a pretty country lass who exchanges places with an old wizened queen, and receives the homage due to royalty, but gladly takes back her rags and beauty.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
Élie Dupuis
Élie Dupuis is a Canadian musician, film and television performer from the Canadian province of Quebec, best known for his role in the Léa Pool film Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's (Maman est chez le coiffeur). His work as a performer has been recognized by popular Quebec entertainment media such as the French-language version of Canoe.ca.

Canoe.com
Canoe.com is an English-language Canadian portal site and website network, and is a subsidiary of Postmedia Network. The phrase Canadian Online Explorer appears in the header; the name is also evidently a play on words on canoe (or canoë in French).

Canoe's head office is in Toronto at 333 King Street East.

At launch, Canoe was a joint venture between Sun Media (Toronto Sun Publishing Corp.) and Rogers Communications (Rogers Multi-Media Inc.); however, Rogers sold its shares of Canoe to BCE Inc. within its first year.

At the height of its popularity, Canoe had both English and French language version and owned a significant number of websites, including JAM! and the Sun Media newspaper sites. According to May 2008 data from comScore Media Metrix, Canoe's portals and services receive over 7.7 million unique visitors per month in Canada, including over 3.2 million in Quebec.
Bent Creek Campus of the Appalachian Forest Experiment Station
Bent Creek Campus of the Appalachian Forest Experiment Station is a national historic district located near Asheville, in the Appalachian Mountains, Buncombe County, North Carolina.

The district encompasses 16 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure associated with the Bent Creek Experimental Forest of the Pisgah National Forest.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Scorched-Earth Policy
Scorched-Earth Policy is a thrash metal band from Oakland, California. It was formed in 1997 by current members Mark Lamb, and Lance Lea.

Members of this act have included long established musicians in the San Francisco Bay Area music scene. Current and former members of Scorched-Earth Policy have been in such notable acts as Acid King, Forbidden (band), Testament, WarDance, Earth Crawler, and Manmade God.

Every release since the Bootcamp demo has been engineered by Thilo Fehlinger, who has worked with Death Angel, and Exodus (band) to name a few.

Murder of Gary Lauwers
On June 19, 1984, 17-year old Gary Lauwers was murdered in Northport, New York, by his friend, Richard Allan Kasso Jr.  Two other teenagers, Jimmy Troiano and Albert Quiñones, were present at the murder, which took place in the Aztakea Woods of Northport; all four were under the influence of what they believed to be mescaline, but was most likely LSD.

The murder became a sensational news story due to the alleged torture of Lauwers and supposed occult aspects of the murder. The murder took place during a period known as the "Satanic panic", when there was much public concern over the effects of Satanic and occult content in heavy metal music and in role-playing games. Kasso was wearing an AC/DC T-shirt at the time of his arrest and was a fan of groups such as Black Sabbath and Judas Priest.
Tillu Square
Tillu Square (stylised as (TILLU)²) is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language crime comedy film directed by Mallik Ram and produced by Naga Vamsi under the banner of Sithara Entertainments and Fortune Four Cinemas. A sequel to the 2022 film DJ Tillu, Siddhu Jonnalagadda reprises his role from the previous film, while Anupama Parameswaran plays the female lead.

The film was officially announced in June 2022 and principal photography began in August 2022. Ram Miriyala, Achu Rajamani and Bheems Ceciroleo are the film's music directors.

Tillu Square has seen multiple postponements in its release due to post-production issues. It was scheduled for a worldwide release on 9 February 2024, but was postponed to accommodate Eagle from a five-way Sankranti clash.

It released on 29 March 2024 in theaters worldwide to positive reviews from critics and audiences. A sequel, titled Tillu Cube, will be the third film in the franchise.

S. Radha Krishna
Suryadevara Radha Krishna, also known as S. Radha Krishna or Chinna Babu, is an Indian film producer known for his works in Telugu cinema. He produces films under his production house, Haarika & Hassine Creations. Even though his other production house, Sithara Entertainments, is his own, his nephew, Suryadevara Naga Vamsi, mainly produces the films under the banner, while he presents them.

He made his film debut in 1988 by producing Aathmakatha, a Telugu remake of Mahesh Bhatt's 1985 film Janam. Years later, he associated with producer DVV Danayya, where he presented Julayi (2012), while Radha Krishna presented Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu (2012) and Naayak (2013). He then went on to form a long association with Trivikram Srinivas from Julayi (2012) and later produced his S/O Satyamurthy (2015), A Aa (2016), Agnyaathavaasi (2018), Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava (2018), and Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo (2020).
Howard Kunreuther
Howard Charles Kunreuther (November 14, 1938 – August 1, 2023) was an American economist. He was the James G. Dinan professor emeritus of decision sciences and public policy at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.