hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacqueline Jones Royster
Jacqueline Jones Royster is an American academic, author, and scholar of rhetoric, literacy, and cultural studies. She is a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the former Dean of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts.

Modern Language Association
The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is widely considered the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature. The MLA aims to "strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature". The organization includes over 20,000 members in 100 countries, primarily academic scholars, professors, and graduate students who study or teach language and literature, including English, other modern languages, and comparative literature. Although founded in the United States, with offices in New York City, the MLA's membership, concerns, reputation, and influence are international in scope.
Finnieston railway station
Finnieston railway station was located in Glasgow, Scotland and served the Finnieston area of that city. On the Glasgow City and District Railway it was located on the modern North Clyde line close to where it emerges from west end of Finnieston Tunnel from Charing Cross near Argyle Street and Finnieston Street.

In June 2018, it was revealed that the local community council was considering reopening the station. In September 2021, when asked by Labour MSP Paul Sweeney, Transport Minister Graeme Dey said the reopening was considered within the Strategic Transport Projects Review 2 but no commitment for reopening had been made yet.

Glasgow City and District Railway
The Glasgow City and District Railway was a sub-surface railway line in Glasgow, Scotland, built to connect suburban routes east and west of the city, and to relieve congestion at the Queen Street terminus.

Construction of the cut-and-cover route, only the fourth such in Great Britain, was formidably complex, but the line opened in 1886. It was steam operated, leading to complaints about smoky conditions. It had a four-platform low level station at Queen Street, and was heavily used.

The line was electrified in 1960 and today forms the central part of the North Clyde electric railway network.
Spinrad
Spinrad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hyron Spinrad (1934–2015), American astronomer

Norman Spinrad (born 1940), American science fiction writer, essayist, and critic

Rick Spinrad, American oceanographer and government official

Robert Spinrad (1932–2009), American computer pioneer

Norman Spinrad
Norman Richard Spinrad (born September 15, 1940) is an American science fiction author, essayist, and critic. His fiction has won the Prix Apollo and been nominated for numerous awards, including the Hugo Award and multiple Nebula Awards.
Sustainability science
Sustainability science first emerged in the 1980s and has become a new academic discipline.
Similar to agricultural science or health science, it is an applied science defined by the practical problems it addresses.  Sustainability science focuses on issues relating to sustainability and sustainable development as core parts of its subject matter.  It is  "defined by the problems it addresses rather than by the disciplines it employs" and "serves the need for advancing both knowledge and action by creating a dynamic bridge between the two".

Sustainability science draws upon the related but not identical concepts of sustainable development and environmental science. Sustainability science provides a critical framework for sustainability while sustainability measurement provides the evidence-based quantitative data needed to guide sustainability governance.

Outline of health sciences
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health sciences:

Health sciences – those sciences that focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter. Health sciences relate to multiple academic disciplines, including STEM disciplines and emerging patient safety disciplines (such as social care research).
Third Street Aleworks
Third Street AleWorks is a brewery and former brewpub in downtown Santa Rosa, California, USA, which opened in 1996.  Amongst the award-winning beers produced at Third Street AleWorks is the Blarney Sister's Dry Irish Stout, which has won numerous awards, including several golds.

Pale ale
Pale ale is a golden to amber coloured beer style brewed with pale malt. The term first appeared in England around 1703 for beers made from malts dried with high-carbon coke, which resulted in a lighter colour than other beers popular at that time. Different brewing practices and hop quantities have resulted in a range of tastes and strengths within the pale ale family. Pale ale is a kind of ale.
Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service
The Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service (NIBTS) is an independent, special agency of the Department of Health in Northern Ireland, responsible for the collection testing and issuing of blood and blood products to hospitals throughout Northern Ireland. An emergency Blood Transfusion Service was established at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1941 as a result of the Second World War. NIBTS was established by the Ministry of Health in 1946.

Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
The Royal Victoria Hospital commonly known as "the Royal", the "RVH" or "the Royal Belfast", is a hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is managed by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. The hospital has a Regional Virus Centre, which is one of the four laboratories in the United Kingdom on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of laboratories able to perform PCR for rapid diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in humans.
Tosia neossia
Tosia neossia is a species of endemic Australian starfish in the family Goniasteridae.

Tosia neossia lives in littoral areas, in rock pools, and in shallow waters not exceeding 26 metres (85 ft) deep, both in open areas and hidden under rocks. It is distributed along the southern coast of the Australian state of Victoria, in the extreme southeastern coast of South Australia, and around Tasmania and the Bass Strait, making it an endemic Australian species.

Tosia neossia is carnivorous and feeds on sponges and other invertebrates.

Tosia neossia eggs are orange and measure about 700 μm.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Fell Historic District
Fell Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It encompasses eight contributing buildings in a steeply sloped area along Red Clay Creek. The area developed in the 19th century as a wealthy gentleman's country manufacturing/farming estate. It includes the stuccoed fieldstone, Greek Revival style Fell Mansion (c. 1835); a Romanesque Revival stone carriage house (1893); a Carpenter Gothic frame gatehouse (c. 1860); two frame tenant houses (c. 1860), one of which was built in a "Swiss Chalet" style; a stone barn and a stuccoed stone miller's residence (c. 1800); and a stone Georgian Revival dwelling dating from 1925.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Keykavus (Shirvanshah)
Keykavus (Persian: کیکاوس) was the 30th ruler of Shirvan. He was the second son of Akhsitan III.

He was mentioned as "Malik" in an inscription on Pir Husayn Khanqah dated June 1294. He hasn't left any numismatic evidence. According to disputed Letters of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, his daughter was married to Rashidaddin's eldest son Amir Ali and describes him as "the ruler of Shabaran and Shamakhi" and even invited him to his estate in Fathabad. Otherwise, he is not known to historiography.

Shirvan
Shirvan (from Classical Persian شروان Shirwān or شیروان Shīrwān [Iranian Persian: شروان Shervân or شیروان Shirvân]; Azerbaijani: Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan) is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain.
Oakland Charter Township, Michigan
The Charter Township of Oakland is a charter township on the north Oakland County outskirts of Metro Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is colloquially referred to as "Oakland Township". The population was 20,067 at the 2020 census.

Oakland Township is less densely populated than neighboring townships to the west, south, and east; and retains many elements of a rural, wooded residential bedroom community. Local ordinances and zoning laws are aimed at limiting commercial and industrial development while maintaining a cap on population density by way of a master plan.

Oakland Township's northern half has its own zip code, "Oakland, Michigan, 48363", while the southern portion of the township shares zip code 48306 with the northernmost portion of adjacent Rochester Hills. "Oakland", "Goodison", “Rochester”, and "Rochester Hills" are other city names recognized for addresses for residents in this township.

Michigan Central Railroad
The Michigan Central Railroad (reporting mark MC) was originally chartered in 1832 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan, and St. Joseph, Michigan. The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada. After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad, which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail. After the 1998 Conrail breakup, Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage.

At the end of 1925, MC operated 1,871 miles (3,011 km) of road and 4,139 miles (6,661 km) of track; that year it reported 4,304,000 net ton-miles of revenue freight and 600 million passenger-miles.
Seri Serdang
Seri Serdang is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 2004.

The state constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

Selangor State Legislative Assembly
The Selangor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Selangor) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and by Malaysian political convention, are conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sabah and Sarawak).

It convenes at the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building in the capital Shah Alam. Since 2008, Assembly proceedings have been broadcast live on the internet.
Reanimation (Linkin Park album)
Reanimation (typeset as [REAИIMATIOИ]) is the debut remix album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on July 30, 2002, through Warner Bros. Records, as a follow-up to their 2000 debut studio album, Hybrid Theory. Recorded during the Hybrid Theory tour, it features remixes of songs from Hybrid Theory, including the album's bonus tracks. It was produced by Mike Shinoda and mixed by Mark "Spike" Stent. It is the fourth-best-selling remix album of all time.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
Jocelyn Toynbee
Jocelyn Mary Catherine Toynbee, FSA, FBA (3 March 1897 – 31 December 1985) was an English archaeologist and art historian. "In the mid-twentieth century she was the leading British scholar in Roman artistic studies and one of the recognized authorities in this field in the world." Having taught at St Hugh's College, Oxford, the University of Reading, and Newnham College, Cambridge, she became Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 1951 to 1962, the first and so far only female to hold this position.

British School at Rome
The British School at Rome (BSR) is a British interdisciplinary research centre supporting the arts, humanities and architecture established in Rome. Historical and archaeological study are at the core of its activities.
Torre Realia BCN
Torre Realia BCN (also Torres de Toyo Ito with Hotel Porta Fira) is a skyscraper on the Plaça d'Europa in the district of Granvia l'Hospitalet in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, a city of Barcelonès, Catalonia, Spain. Completed in 2009, it has 24 floors and rises 112 meters.

Plaça d'Europa
Plaça d'Europa (official name in Catalan) is a square in the District VII (Granvia l'Hospitalet) of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat suburb of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. Located on the Granvia de l'Hospitalet avenue at the intersection with Carrer d'Amadeu Torner. It is part of L'Hospitalet's recent urban development, and one of its biggest squares at 33 ha, with a distinguishable skyline made up of high-rises, among the tallest structures in the city, some of which are designed by the renowned architect Toyo Ito. It is expected to become its economic centre, and will allow different parts of the city formerly severed by the Granvia to become interconnected. It is still not completed but already featuring most of its planned buildings and infrastructure. Part of Fira de Barcelona, near it stand the pavilions of rest of Fira de Barcelona and the shopping centre Gran Via 2.
Pallavan Express
The 12605 / 12606 Pallavan Superfast Express is an Intercity express typed superfast service operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This service connects the cities of Chennai  to Karaikudi via Tiruchirappalli in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The rakes of this train was upgraded to brand new modern LHB rakes from 30 June 2019. This train is fondly called as Prince of Southern Railways.

Intercity Express (Indian Railways)
The Intercity Express is an express-train service in India which connects major railway junctions and state capitals. These act as long-distance reserved and unreserved suburban trains with sitting accommodation (AC Chair Car - CC, AC Executive Chair Car EC, Anubhati class K, Vistadome EA and Non-Ac Second Sitting - 2S). These are quite fast and maintain a high average speed for short distances along with priority over other trains.
Singer Model 27 and 127
The Singer Model 27 and later model 127 were a series of lockstitch sewing machines produced by the Singer Manufacturing Company from the 1880s to the 1960s.  (The 27 and the 127 were full-size versions of the Singer 28 and later model 128 which were three-quarters size).  They were Singer's first sewing machines to make use of "vibrating shuttle" technology.  Millions were produced. They are all steel and cast iron, and were built before the advent of planned obsolescence, and so they were designed to be repaired rather than replaced.  Consequently many remain today, some in collections and others still in service.  In company literature they were called "the woman's faithful friend the world over".

Mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force.  The model for this is the law of the lever.  Machine components designed to manage forces and movement in this way are called mechanisms.  
An ideal mechanism transmits power without adding to or subtracting from it.  This means the ideal machine does not include a power source, is frictionless, and is constructed from rigid bodies that do not deflect or wear.  The performance of a real system relative to this ideal is expressed in terms of efficiency factors that take into account departures from the ideal.
Sejm Constituency no. 38
Piła, officially known as Constituency no. 38 (Polish: Okręg wyborczy nr 38), is one of the 41 constituencies of the Sejm, the lower house of the Parliament of Poland, the national legislature of Poland. The constituency was established in 2001, after a major redistricting process across Poland. It is located in the Greater Poland Voivodeship and includes the area of the following counties: Chodzież, Czarnków-Trzcianka, Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Międzychód, Nowy Tomyśl, Oborniki, Piła, Szamotuły, Wągrowiec, Wolsztyn and Złotów. The constituency's district electoral commission is located in Piła. The constituency currently elects 9 of the 460 members of the Sejm using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 586,375 citizens eligible to vote.

Szamotuły County
Szamotuły County (Polish: powiat szamotulski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into existence on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szamotuły, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains four other towns: Wronki, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Szamotuły, Pniewy, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Szamotuły, Obrzycko, 13 km (8 mi) north of Szamotuły, and Ostroróg, 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Szamotuły.

The county covers an area of 1,119.55 square kilometres (432.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 85,849, out of which the population of Szamotuły is 18,760, that of Wronki is 11,551, that of Pniewy is 7,464, that of Obrzycko is 2,170, that of Ostroróg is 1,995, and the rural population is 43,909.
Raymond W. Hood
Raymond W. Hood (January 1, 1936 – March 22, 2002) was an American politician.

Hood was born in Detroit, Michigan. He went to California State University, Fullerton and played on the football team. He worked with the Michigan State Department of Licensing and Regulations and was the director of the department. Hood served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 1965 to 1982 and was a Democrat. His brother Morris Hood Jr. and his nephew Morris Hood III also served in the Michigan Legislature. Hood died in Port Charlotte, Florida.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Francisco Aparicio y Ruiz
Francisco Aparicio y Ruiz (17 July 1852 in Burgos — 6 November 1932 in Burgos) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.

He studied and was educated in Madrid. In his youth he was a director of his local newspaper, Caput Castellae. He was a member of the Conservative Party, provincial deputy for Burgos in 1888, president of the Provincial Delegation of Burgos in 1890, Director General of Local Administration in 1899 and Deputy Secretary of Finance in 1900, Regional Commissioner of the Treasury in 1918 and Governor of Madrid in 1919. He was a member of the Congress for Burgos from 1891 to 1923 and also served as Vice-President of Congress from 1901 to 1910. He was Minister of Public Instruction between 13 March and 14 August 1921 in the government presided over by Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz and reign of Alfonso XIII.

Further details about his life and death are unknown.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.