hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Francis Mahoney
John Francis Mahoney (December 17, 1894 – September 2, 1929) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1925 to 1929 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was the son of Dennis Mahoney and Mary Nelligan. Mahoney was educated at Dalhousie University. He served overseas during World War I. Mahoney served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Natural Resources and Provincial Development from 1928 to 1929. He died in office in a motor vehicle accident in Halifax.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Slocums River
Slocums River (sometimes seen as Slocum's River or Slocum River) is a 4.3-mile-long (6.9 km) tidal river in southeastern Massachusetts in the United States. The Paskamanset River and Slocums River really form just a single river, but the freshwater portion kept its earlier Indian name, while the salt-water portion is named for the early settlers of the area, the Slocum family.

The Slocums River flows through the town of Dartmouth to Buzzards Bay between Barneys Joy and Mishaum points.

Buzzards Bay
Buzzards Bay is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is approximately 28 miles (45 kilometers) long by 8 miles (12 kilometers) wide. It is a popular destination for fishing, boating, and tourism. Buzzards Bay is often considered the finest sailing location on the East Coast  and is frequently compared in terms of sailing conditions to San Francisco Bay.  Since 1914, Buzzards Bay has been connected to Cape Cod Bay by the Cape Cod Canal. In 1988, under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts designated Buzzards Bay to the National Estuary Program, as "an estuary of national significance" that is threatened by pollution, land development, or overuse.
Precision (song)
"Precision" is a song by American rapper Big Sean. It was first previewed in August 2023 through a trailer for the video game NBA 2K24 (2023), before being released on March 22, 2024, as the lead single from his sixth studio album Better Me Than You. The song contains a sample of "Poppin' My Collar" by Three 6 Mafia and was produced by FnZ, Teddy Walton, Aaron Bow, Tom Kahre and Zacari.

Three 6 Mafia
Three 6 Mafia is an American hip-hop group from Memphis, Tennessee, formed in 1991. Emerging as a horror-themed underground hip-hop group, they went on to enjoy mainstream success. The group's 1995 debut album Mystic Stylez became an influential cult classic. They have released music on independent labels such as Prophet Entertainment and their own Hypnotize Minds label, as well as Relativity, Loud, and Columbia Records.

Two of their albums are RIAA-certified platinum: When the Smoke Clears: Sixty 6, Sixty 1 (2000) and Most Known Unknown (2005), with the latter featuring their hit single "Stay Fly". In 2006, the group won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 78th Academy Awards for their song "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" from the film Hustle & Flow. The group's latest studio album, Last 2 Walk, was released in 2008. Three 6 Mafia's worldwide album sales stand at 5.5 million as of 2016.
Deaths in June 2011
The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2011.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Golden Horseshoe Saloon
The Golden Horseshoe Saloon (referred to as Pecos Bill's Golden Horseshoe Saloon during construction) is a restaurant and attraction at Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California in the United States. It opened in 1955 with several other original attractions at Disneyland Park. Over the years the venue has housed multiple stage shows. The "saloon" is located in Frontierland and has views of the Rivers of America and New Orleans Square.
Fismes
Fismes (French pronunciation: [fim] ⓘ) is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

The commune has been awarded three flowers in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Soissons
Soissons (French pronunciation: [swasɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called "Council of Soissons".
Fiaz
Fiaz (Persian: فیاض, Urdu: فیاض,) is both a surname and masculine given name. Fiaz is an alternative and less-common romanized spelling of the same name 'Fayyaz' (فیاض). Notable people with the surname include:

Muhammad Fiaz, Canadian politician

Rokhsana Fiaz (born 1971), British politician

Feyyaz
Feyyaz is a Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Fayyad (Arabic: فَيَّاض fayyāḍ) which means "elaborate, flowing, plentiful, abundant". The Persian spelling is Fayyaz.

People named Feyyaz include:

Feyyaz Berker (1925-2017), Turkish businessman

Feyyaz Duman (born 1982), Turkish actor

Feyyaz Uçar (born 1963), Turkish footballer
Arco Británico
The Arco Británico (Spanish for British Arch) is a monument on Avenida Brasil, in Valparaíso, Chile. It was donated to the town in 1910 by the British community there to mark the centenary of the Independence of Chile. Designed by the Chilean architect Alfredo Azancot, the arch was unveiled in 1911.

The monument, covered in marble brought from Italy, is surmounted by a British Victorian lion and is decorated with the images of four Britons who participated in the Chilean War of Independence: Thomas Cochrane, Bernardo O'Higgins, Robert Simpson and Jorge O'Brien. It also bears the Chilean and United Kingdom coats of arms.

The arch was visited by Queen Elizabeth II during her official visit to Chile in 1968, and by Prince Charles in 2009.

Bernardo O'Higgins
Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [beɾˈnaɾðo oˈ(x)iɣins] ⓘ; 20 August 1778 – 24 October 1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Basque-Spanish and Irish ancestry. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817–1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder of this title to head a fully independent Chilean state.

He was Captain General of the Chilean Army, Brigadier of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, General Officer of Gran Colombia, and Grand Marshal of Peru.
Kurin, Syria
Kurin (Arabic: كورين, also spelled Korin) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located southwest of Idlib. Nearby localities include the district center Ariha and Nahlaya to the southeast, Maataram and Urum al-Jawz to the south, Basanqul to the southwest, Ayn Shib to the northwest and Faylun to the northeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Kurin had a population of 5,488 in the 2004 census.

Ariha District
Ariha District (Arabic: منطقة أريحا, romanized: manṭiqat Arīḩā) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Ariha. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 175,994.
Mir-48
mir-48 microRNA is a microRNA which is found in nematodes, in which it controls developmental timing. It acts in the heterochronic pathway, where it controls the timing of cell fate decisions in the vulva and hypodermis during larval development.

Heterochrony
In evolutionary developmental biology, heterochrony is any genetically controlled difference in the timing, rate, or duration of a developmental process in an organism compared to its ancestors or other organisms. This leads to changes in the size, shape, characteristics and even presence of certain organs and features. It is contrasted with heterotopy, a change in spatial positioning of some process in the embryo, which can also create morphological innovation. Heterochrony can be divided into intraspecific heterochrony, variation within a species, and interspecific heterochrony, phylogenetic variation, i.e. variation of a descendant species with respect to an ancestral species.

These changes all affect the start, end, rate or time span of a particular developmental process. The concept of heterochrony was introduced by Ernst Haeckel in 1875 and given its modern sense by Gavin de Beer in 1930.
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis (or primary cartilaginous joint) is a type of cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones. Synchondroses are different from symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints), which are formed of fibrocartilage, and from synostosis (ossified junctions), which is the fusion of two or more bones. Synchondroses are immovable joints and are thus referred to as synarthroses.are all synchondroses synarthrotic/immovable

Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Hyaline cartilage is pearl-gray in color, with a firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.
Desert Laboratory
The Desert Laboratory is a historic biological research facility atop Tumamoc Hill (O'odham: Cemamagĭ Doʼag) at 1675 West Anklam Road in Tucson, Arizona. It was founded by the Carnegie Institution in 1903 to study how plants survive and thrive in the heat and aridity of deserts, and was the first such privately funded effort in the nation.  Beginning in 1906, numerous long term ecological observation areas were set up by Volney Spalding & Forrest Shreve on the 860 acres (3.5 km2) scientific domain of Tumamoc Hill. Nine of these are the world's oldest permanent ecology study quadrats.  The facility and staff were key contributors to what is now considered the science of ecology, including participating in the creation of the Ecological Society of America in 1915 and the Ecology journal.  Led by Spalding & Shreve, they also contributed innovations in conservation.

Part of it was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The rest was added in 1987.

Carnegie Institution for Science
Carnegie Science, also known as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and formerly Carnegie Institution for Science, is a nonprofit organization established in 1902 to fund and perform scientific research in the United States. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. In 2018, expenses for scientific programs and administration totaled $96.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million. The current president is American astronomer and astrophysicist John Mulchaey, whose official term began in November 2024.
Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
William R. Callahan (state representative)
William R. Callahan (April 27, 1925 – January 1976) was a Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was a Malden resident who represented the 16th Middlesex district for one term, from 1971 to 1973. Before serving in the state legislature, he was a member of the Malden Common Council for two years and the Malden City Council for 14 years. He was a member of multiple organizations, including the Knights of Columbus and the Ancient Order of Hibernians.

Ancient Order of Hibernians
The Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH; Irish: Ord Ársa na nÉireannach) is an Irish Catholic fraternal organization. Members must be male, Catholic, and either born in Ireland or of Irish descent. Its largest membership is in the United States, where it was founded in New York City in 1836.

The name was adopted by groups of Irish immigrants in the United States, its purpose to act as guards to shield Catholic churches from anti-Catholic forces in the mid-19th century, and to assist Irish Catholic immigrants, especially those who faced discrimination or harsh coal mining working conditions. Many members in the coal mining area of Pennsylvania allegedly had a background with the Molly Maguires. It became an important focus of Irish American political activity.
J. R. Boone
J. R. "Junior" Boone (July 29, 1925 – January 21, 2012) was an American professional football player and coach. He played professionally as a halfback and punt returner for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Chicago Bears, San Francisco 49ers, and Green Bay Packers. Boone was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 22nd round of the 1948 NFL draft.

After his playing days were over, Boone served as the head football coach at Reedley College and Fresno State University, both located in California.

Reedley College
Reedley College (Reedley or RC) is a public community college in Reedley, California, United States. It is a part of the California Community Colleges system within the State Center Community College District (SCCCD).  It is accredited by the WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. The college offers associate degrees.
Kummi Paattu
Kummi Paattu is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Kasthuri Raja. The film stars Prabhu and Devayani, with Sivakumar, Radhika and Urvashi in pivotal roles. It was released on 7 June 1999.

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
47th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted)
The 47th Arkansas Infantry (Mounted) (1864–1865) was a Confederate Army Mounted Infantry regiment during the American Civil War.  While authorized by the State Military Board as an infantry regiment, the unit was mounted for Price's Missouri Expedition and was officially designated as mounted infantry. Due to its mounted status, the unit is sometimes referred to as the 47th Arkansas Cavalry when a numerical designation is used.  The unit is most often referred to as Crandell's Arkansas Cavalry Regiment, after its commander Colonel Lee Crandell.

Mounted infantry
Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot.  The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911), "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry.
Georgios Karatzaferis
Georgios Karatzaferis (Greek: Γεώργιος Καρατζαφέρης; born August 11, 1947) is a Greek politician, a former member of the Hellenic Parliament and the former president of the Popular Orthodox Rally. Previously, Karatzaferis was a member of parliament of the liberal-conservative New Democracy party. He is a former Member of the European Parliament and former vice-president of the Independence and Democracy group. The Popular Orthodox Rally's views, ideas, and electoral campaigns were often broadcast and promoted by the relatively minor private Greek TV channel TeleAsty (former Telecity) and the party's weekly newspaper, A1, both which he founded. In 2023, he praised Kyriakos Mitsotakis and endorsed New Democracy for the 2023 elections, campaigning for the party, without officially rejoining it.

Independence/Democracy
Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) was a Eurosceptic political group that operated in the European Parliament between 2004 and 2009. At its height in 2004, it had 37 MEPs and it only existed during the European Parliament's 6th term. It was affiliated with the Eurosceptic Europeans United for Democracy party.

Ideologically, IND/DEM was strongly opposed to the European Union and positioned on the radical right within the right-wing spectrum. It was a very heterogeneous grouping; it also included parties such as the UK Independence Party, Greek Popular Orthodox Rally, French Movement for France, League of Polish Families, and Lega Nord. After the 2009 European Parliament election, IND/DEM lost many of its MPs and was dissolved in favour of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD). In comparison, EFD was far-right group that was nationalist and more strongly opposed immigration than IND/DEM.
Greater Graz (National Council electoral district)
Greater Graz (German: Graz und Umgebung), also known as Electoral District 6A (German: Wahlkreis 6A), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the city of Graz and the district of Greater Graz in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects nine of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 317,873 registered electors.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Lynching of Mr. Norman
Mr. Norman (referred to as P. Norman and N. Norman) was an African-American man who was lynched in Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas by masked men on February 11, 1922. According to the 1926 report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, this was  the 12th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Peńskie
Peńskie [ˈpɛɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krypno, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 476 people, among whom 467 were Roman Catholic, 2 Orthodox, and 7 Mosaic. At the same time, all inhabitants declared Polish nationality. There were 69 residential buildings in the village.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
Crazy Eights
Crazy Eights is a shedding-type card game for two to seven players and the best known American member of the Eights Group which also includes Pig and Spoons. The object of the game is to be the first player to discard all of their cards. The game is similar to Switch, Mau-Mau or Whot!.

Originally this was played primarily by children with the left over cards not used in Euchre. Now a standard 52-card deck is used when there are five or fewer players. When there are more than five players, two decks are shuffled together and all 104 cards are used.

Euchre
Euchre or Eucre (/ˈjuːkər/ YU-kər) is a trick-taking card game played in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States, perhaps particularly in Upstate New York and the Midwest. It is played with a deck of 24, 25, 28, or 32 standard playing cards. There are normally four players, two on each team, although there are variations for two to nine players.

Euchre emerged in the United States in the early 19th century. There are several theories regarding its origin, but the most likely is that it is derived from an old Alsatian game called Jucker or Juckerspiel. Euchre was responsible for introducing the joker into the modern deck of cards, first appearing in Euchre packs in the 1850s.

Euchre has a large number of variants and has been described as "an excellent social game".