hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Surgeon (painting)
The Surgeon or The Village Surgeon is a c.1550-1555 oil on panel painting by Jan Sanders van Hemessen. It was first catalogued in 1614 in the Spanish royal collection at the El Pardo Palace. It is now in the Prado Museum in Madrid. It shows a barber surgeon carrying out a trepanation.

Barber surgeon
The barber surgeon was one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages, generally charged with caring for soldiers during and after battle. In this era, surgery was seldom conducted by physicians. Instead, barbers, who possessed razors and dexterity, were responsible for tasks ranging from cutting hair to pulling teeth to amputating limbs.

In this period, surgical mortality was very high due to blood loss, shock and infection. Yet, since doctors thought that bloodletting to balance "humours" would improve health, barbers also used bloodletting razors and applied leeches. Meanwhile, physicians considered themselves to be above surgery. Physicians mostly observed during surgery and offered consulting, but otherwise often chose academia or working in universities.
Wasekamio Lake
Wasekamio Lake is a glacial lake in northern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is part of a series of connected lakes that flow south into the Churchill River drainage system. These lakes from north to south are Wasekamio Lake, Turnor Lake, Frobisher Lake, and Churchill Lake. Just north of Wasekamio Lake is the Clearwater River that flows west to the Athabasca River.

Clearwater River (Saskatchewan)
The Clearwater River is  located in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. It rises in the northern forest region of north-western Saskatchewan and joins the Athabasca River in north-eastern Alberta. It was part of an important trade route during the fur trade era and has been designated as a Canadian Heritage River.
Kunga Gyaltsen (Imperial Preceptor)
Kunga Gyaltsen (Wylie: Kun dga' rgyal mts'an) was a Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at the court of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. He lived from (1310-1358) and belonged to the abbot family Khon of Sakya which had a precedence position in Tibet in this era. He held the title from 1331 to 1358, being the last Dishi before the takeover of the Phagmodrupa dynasty in Central Tibet in the 1350s.

Shakya
Shakya (Pāḷi: Sakya; Sanskrit: Śākya) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The Shakyas were organised into a gaṇasaṅgha (an aristocratic oligarchic republic), known as the Shakya Republic. The Shakyas were on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain in the Greater Magadha cultural region.
Gayle Kingery
Gayle Kingery (born July 7, 1939) is an American former teacher, and former Republican member of the Missouri House of Representatives.  He represented the 154th district, which includes part of Butler County, from 2003 to 2011.  He was also a candidate for the Republican nomination for Missouri's 25th district in the state senate until he dropped out of the race in June 2011.

Butler County, Missouri
Butler County is a county located in the southeast Ozark Foothills Region in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 Census, the county's population was 42,130. The largest city and county seat is Poplar Bluff. The county was officially organized from Wayne County on February 27, 1849, and is named after former U.S. Representative William O. Butler (D-Kentucky), who was also an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States. The first meeting in the Butler County Courthouse was held on June 18, 1849.

Butler County comprises the Poplar Bluff, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Val Verde Hotel
The Val Verde Hotel, at 203 Manzanares St. in Socorro, New Mexico, was built in 1919.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

It is a 140 by 140 feet (43 m × 43 m) U-shaped building, built of yellow concrete brick.  It was designed in Mission Revival/Spanish Revival style, probably by architects Trost & Trost .

Socorro, New Mexico
Socorro (/səˈkɔːroʊ/, sə-KOR-oh) is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is in the Rio Grande Valley at an elevation of 4,579 feet (1,396 m). At the 2020 census, the population was 8,707. It is the county seat of Socorro County. Socorro is located 74 miles (119 km) south of Albuquerque and 146 miles (235 km) north of Las Cruces.

The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
Movement Now
Movement Now (MN; Finnish: Liike Nyt [ˈliːken nyt], Liik; Swedish: Rörelse Nu, RN) is an economically liberal political party in Finland.

It was founded by then-National Coalition Party (NCP) member of parliament Harry Hjallis Harkimo and six other people as a political movement. The movement was registered as a party on 14 November 2019. It is positioned on the centre-right of the political spectrum.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Hal Shockey
Hal Shockey (1927 – October 1, 2013) was a Canadian outdoorsman. He was born on a homestead near Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, but he spent most of his adult life in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. After retiring from his job in road construction at the age of sixty-six, his son, Jim Shockey, invited him to work for his outfitting show and company. From that point, Hal Shockey became an important character on his son's hunting TV show, Jim Shockey's Hunting Adventures, which aired on the Outdoor Channel in America and Wild TV in Canada.

Hal Shockey married Lil Shockey. He is related to Jim Shockey, Eva Shockey, Len Johann, and Branlin Shockey.

Vanscoy, Saskatchewan
Vanscoy (2016 population: 462) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Vanscoy No. 345 and Census Division No. 12. Vanscoy is located on Highway 7 near Highway 762 in central Saskatchewan, 29 km southwest of the City of Saskatoon. Rice Lake is to the west, Goose Lake is to the north, and Pike Lake and Pike Lake Provincial Park are to the east. One of the largest economic industries near Vanscoy is Agrium Vanscoy Potash Operations which produces 1,790,000 metric tonnes of potash a year. Community facilities include a circle hall, ice rink, curling rink and ball diamond.

Highway 7 formerly passed through the townsite, but in the 2010s it was rerouted to the north, bypassing the village.
Lee, Nevada
Lee is an unincorporated community in Elko County, Nevada, United States.  The community is located on the reservation land belonging to, and constituting the sole organized community of, the South Fork Band of the Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada. Lee is located at the western foothills of the Ruby Mountains range, within the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Ruby Mountains
The Ruby Mountains (Shoshoni: 'Duka Doya', meaning “Snowcapped”) are a mountain range, primarily located within Elko County with a small extension into White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of 11,387 feet (3,471 m) on the summit of Ruby Dome. To the north is Secret Pass and the East Humboldt Range, and from there the Rubies run south-southwest for about 80 miles (130 km). To the east lies Ruby Valley, and to the west lie Huntington and Lamoille Valleys. The Ruby Mountains are the only range of an introduced bird, the Himalayan snowcock, in North America. The mountain range was named after the garnets found by early explorers. The central core of the range shows extensive evidence of glaciation during recent ice ages, including U-shaped canyons, moraines, hanging valleys, and steeply carved granite mountains, cliffs, and cirques.
Maxim Nekrasov
Maxim Alexandrovich Nekrasov (Russian: Максим Александрович Некрасов, born 27 September 2000) is a Russian competitive ice dancer. With his former skating partner, Arina Ushakova, he is the 2018 World Junior bronze medalist and 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist. He has also won six medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, including gold medals in 2017 Italy, 2018 Lithuania and 2018 Armenia.

ISU Junior Grand Prix in Italy
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in Italy is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Italian Ice Sports Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio). It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.
County of Mansilla
The title of Count of Mansilla (Conde de Mansilla) originates from the 17th century. The first Count of Mansilla was Antonio Campuzano y Riva Herrera in 1689. Successive Counts have been involved in Spanish politics, especially during the 20th century. One member of the Campuzano family was in exile with the Count of Barcelona in Estoril, when the Count of Barcelona was forced to remain away from Spain after the Spanish Civil War. One of the Counts of Mansilla's brothers fought alongside the Nationalist forces in the civil war, dying in the Battle of the Ebro.

The family estate is located in the province of Santander; however, the title originates from a town in the province of León known as Mansilla de las Mulas.

Count of Barcelona
The count of Barcelona (Catalan: comte de Barcelona, Spanish: conde de Barcelona, French: comte de Barcelone, Latin: comes Barcinonensis) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as prince (sovereign) for much of Catalan history, from the 9th century until the 18th century. After 1162, with Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Barcelona, the title of count of Barcelona was united with that of king of Aragon, and after the 16th century, with that of king of Spain.
Pedralbes
Pedralbes (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈðɾalβəs], Old Catalan for white stones) is a neighborhood in Les Corts district of Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain). Before the administrative division of 1984, the neighborhood was part of Sarrià and the former municipality of Sant Vicenç de Sarrià.

Pedralbes was the home of the Infanta Cristina of Spain from 2004 to 2013.

The Lycée Français de Barcelone, a French international school, is located in Pedralbes.

Pedralbes was completely transformed beginning in the 1940s with the urbanisation of the area. Pedralbes is today Barcelona's most upmarket residential area, with large mansions surrounded by gardens, around Avinguda de Pearson, or isolated luxury apartment blocks, around Avinguda de Pedralbes.

Infanta Cristina of Spain
Infanta Cristina (Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Santísima Trinidad de Borbón y de Grecia, born 13 June 1965) is the younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I and his wife, Queen Sofía. She is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne, after her brother King Felipe VI's children, her sister Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, and Elena's children Felipe and Victoria.

On 26 September 1997, on the occasion of her marriage to handball player Iñaki Urdangarin, she was created Duchess of Palma de Mallorca by her father, King Juan Carlos. From 2013 to 2017, she was investigated for possible corruption involving a company she jointly owned with her husband. In 2015, her brother stripped her of her royal dukedom. In 2017, she was acquitted of all charges.

Cristina represented the Crown during the reign of her father. Since October 2011, she has remained apart from the royal family and any official act of the Crown.
Pharaoh Lake Wilderness Area
The Pharaoh Lake Wilderness Area, an Adirondack Park unit of New York's Forest Preserve, straddles the Essex County-Warren County line in the towns of Ticonderoga, Hague, Horicon and Schroon. The county road along the east shore of Schroon Lake forms the western boundary; to the north, private land and NY 74 form the boundary. The state land boundary forms most of the remaining perimeter except for a stretch of NY 8 on the south.

The area contains 39 bodies of water covering 1,100 acres (4.4 km2), 62.8 miles (101 km) of foot trails, and 14 lean-tos.

Lean-to
A lean-to is a type of simple structure originally added to an existing building with the rafters "leaning" against another wall. Free-standing structures open on one or more sides, generally used as shelters, are colloquially referred to as lean-tos in spite of being unattached to anything.
Çağlayan, Pülümür
Çağlayan (Kurdish: Ferxedin) is a village in the Pülümür District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kurêşan tribe and had a population of 66 in 2021.

The hamlets of Alagöz, Deretarla, Kaşoğlu and Kırmızıtarla are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Krishna Murari Sharan
Krishna Murari Sharan is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Sharan won the Hilsa Assembly constituency on JD(U) ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Listed buildings in Cliffe and Cliffe Woods
Cliffe and Cliffe Woods is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Medway in Kent, England. It contains one grade I, one grade II* and 23 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

.

Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.
Real (professional wrestling)
Real (レアル, Rearu) (often stylized in capital letters as REAL) was a Japanese professional wrestling stable based in the Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah) promotion. The unit was only led by Hideki Suzuki and also consisted of Timothy Thatcher, Shuhei Taniguchi and Kazuyuki Fujita. The stable represented an offshoot of Sugiura-gun.

Maybach Taniguchi
Shuhei Taniguchi (谷口 周平, Taniguchi Shūhei; born October 18, 1976) is a Japanese professional wrestler who has worked for Pro Wrestling Noah since his debut in December 2005. He is also known by the ring name Maybach Taniguchi (マイバッハ谷口, Maibahha Taniguchi), under which he portrays a villainous masked character.
Bigha
The bigha or beegah (Urdu: بیگھا, Hindi: बीघा, Bengali: বিঘা)  is a traditional unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in northern & eastern India, Bangladesh and Nepal. There is no "standard" size of bigha and it varies considerably from place to place.

On an average, Bigha ranges from 6,806.25 square feet (632.321 m2) to 27,225 square feet (2,529.3 m2). Its sub-unit is Biswa or Katha in many regions, but it has no "standard" size. A bigha may have 5 to 20 Katha/ biswa in different regions, where 1 Katha is usually 1,361.25 square feet (126.464 m2) or 151.25 square yard.

Purvanchal
Purvanchal (lit. 'Eastern region') is the region of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Purvanchal is also a proposed state in India, encompassing 32 eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh.  The proposal, introduced in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2011 by then Chief Minister Mayawati, aimed to divide Uttar Pradesh into four smaller states for improved administration and governance.  The proposal was rejected by the central government.
Aethes rubiginana
Aethes rubiginana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1903. It is found in on Sicily and in Gibraltar, Italy, Morocco and Algeria.

The wingspan is 14–15 millimetres (0.55–0.59 in). The forewings are shining silvery white on the apical third and suffused with rust brown in the remaining area. The hindwings are pale grey. Adults are on wing from April to May.

The larvae feed on Ferula communis and Thapsia species.

Ferula communis
Ferula communis, the giant fennel, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It is related to the common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), which belongs to the same family.

Ferula communis is a tall herbaceous perennial plant. It is found in Mediterranean and East African woodlands and shrublands.
It was known in antiquity as laser
or narthex.
New People's Association
The New People's Association (Korean: 신민회; Hanja: 新民會) was a Korean independence activist organization established in April 1906 in the Korean Empire. The organization was formed by social activists such as Ahn Changho, Sin Chaeho, Park Eun-sik, and Lim Chi-jung.

With their belief that the Enlightenment could strengthen the national power of Korea to achieve independence, they took action on military movement, education, publication, and industrialization. Even after the New People's Association had been dissolved by the Governor-General of Korea in 1911, they made a considerable contribution to the Korean Independence Movement.

Korean Empire
The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire lasted until the Japanese annexation of Korea in August 1910.

During this period, Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries. In 1905, the Korean Empire became a protectorate of the Empire of Japan. After the Japanese annexation in 1910, the Korean Empire ceased to exist.
Cencom Cable Associates
Cencom Cable Associates was a cable television distributor in the Greater St. Louis, Missouri-Metro-East, Illinois Metropolitan area between 1985 and 1993. It was founded by Robert A. Brooks in 1981 with seed capital of $300,000, and then grew into a multi-billion dollar company.

Cencom bought out Storer Cable in late 1985, merging that Florissant cable outlet into Cencom.  Cencom was the home of the St. Louis Cardinals Cable Network between 1986 and 1989, televising 50 home games in each of those seasons.  By 1991, Cencom served close to 550,000 people. Cencom was sold to Crown Media, a subsidiary of Hallmark Cards, in 1993 for $1 billion, then becoming Crown Cable. In 1993 the former managers of Cencom purchased the company back from Hallmark and formed Charter Communications, which was later sold to Paul Allen for $4.5 billion.

Hallmark Cards
Hallmark Cards, Inc. is a privately held, family-owned American company based in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1910 by Joyce Hall, Hallmark is one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of greeting cards in the United States. In 1985, the company was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

In addition to greeting cards, Hallmark also manufactures such products as party goods, gift wrap, and stationery. Hallmark acquired Binney & Smith in 1984, and would later change its name to Crayola, LLC after its well-known Crayola brand of crayons, markers and colored pencils. The company is also involved in television, having produced the long-running Hallmark Hall of Fame series since 1951, and launching the Hallmark Channel 50 years later (replacing an earlier joint venture with The Jim Henson Company, Odyssey Network).
1923 World Hard Court Championships – Women's doubles
Winifred Beamish and Kitty McKane defeated Germaine Golding and Suzanne Lenglen 6–2, 6–3 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1923 World Hard Court Championships. Lenglen and Elizabeth Ryan were the defending champions, with Ryan not participating this year.

Germaine Golding
Anne Germaine Golding (French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁmɛn gɔldiŋ]; née Régnier; 6 June 1887 – 14 August 1973) was a French tennis player who was mainly active during the interwar period and achieved most of her tournament wins on indoor courts.
Shane McLeod (field hockey)
Shane McLeod (born 4 September 1968) is a New Zealand field hockey coach. At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics he coached the New Zealand national field hockey team. He has also coached several clubs in Belgium. At the 2016 Summer Olympics he was the head coach of the Belgium men's national field hockey team that won the silver medal. He was best coach of the year in 2017 and 2018 for his dedication with the Belgian field hockey team. He was the head coach of the Red Lions when they won the world title in 2018, the European Championship in 2019, and the Olympic title in Tokyo 2020. In 2019 he was voted best coach of the year in Belgium.

2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 17th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

It was held alongside the women's tournament from 16 to 24 August 2019 in Antwerp, Belgium. The tournament also served as a direct qualifier for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, with the winner Belgium qualifying.

The hosts Belgium won their first-ever European title after beating Spain 5–0 in the final. The two-time defending champions the Netherlands won the bronze medal by defeating Germany 4–0.