hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Rio Hato Airfield
The Battle of Rio Hato Airfield took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama, and was fought between the U.S military and the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) on 20 December 1989. The action saw US paratroopers launch a surprise attack against the PDF at Rio Hato, the largest PDF military base in the country, approximately seventy miles south of Panama City.

The objective of the attack was to capture the PDF garrison at the base, secure the Rio Hato airfield runway, and seize dictator Manuel Noriega's beachside house.

Río Hato
Río Hato is a corregimiento in Antón District, Coclé Province, Panama. It is home to the Río Hato Airport. It has a land area of 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi) and had a population of 15,701 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 112.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (290/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 8,888; its population as of 2000 was 10,886.

It is the site of Scarlett Martínez International Airport, a small international airport primarily used by Canadian leisure airlines.
Napoleonic Tureen (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art possesses in its collection a gilt-silver tureen from the Napoleonic era. Designed by Charles Percier, Pierre François Léonard Fontaine and made by Martin-Guillaume Biennais, the tureen was given to Napoleon I by his sister Pauline and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese. The tureen was later donated to the Met as part of the bequest of Joseph Pulitzer.

Charles Percier
Charles Percier ([ʃaʁl pɛʁsje]; 22 August 1764 – 5 September 1838) was a neoclassical French architect, interior decorator and designer, who worked in a close partnership with Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, originally his friend from student days. For work undertaken from 1794 onward, trying to ascribe conceptions or details to one or other of them is fruitless; it is impossible to disentangle their cooperative efforts in this fashion. Together, Percier and Fontaine were inventors and major proponents of the rich, grand, consciously-archaeological versions of neoclassicism we recognise as Directoire style and Empire style.
Jenkins Octagon House
The Jenkins Octagon House is an historic octagon house located on NY 395 in Duanesburg, Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1855 by noted master carpenter Alexander Delos "Boss" Jones.  It is a two-story, clapboard-sided farmhouse with Greek Revival style features. It features innovative stacked plank construction, a low-pitched polygonal roof with a central chimney, a full entablature circling the structure, and a one-story porch with a hipped roof.  Also on the property are two contributing barns, a shed, and a gazebo.

The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.
The property was also covered in a study of Boss Jones TR

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Duanesburg, New York
Duanesburg is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 5,863 at the 2020 census. Duanesburg is named for James Duane, who held most of it as an original land grant. The town is in the western part of the county.
Koloneia
Koloneia (Greek: Κολώνεια, a hellenization of the Latin Colonia) can refer to:

Koloneia on the Lykos in Pontus, a Byzantine military centre and metropolitan bishopric

Koloneia (theme), a Byzantine province centered in and named after the above

Koloneia in Cappadocia, a Byzantine aplekton and bishopric

Koloneia, the Greek name of Kolonjë District in Albania

Colonia (Roman)
A Roman colonia (pl.: coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. It is also the origin of the modern term "colony".
Alex Stobbs
Alexander Brett Stobbs (born 30 January 1990 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England) is a British musician. He was featured in the Channel 4 documentary series "Cutting Edge" (TV series) in the episodes A Boy Called Alex (2008) and Alex: A Passion for Life (2009). Stobbs has cystic fibrosis, a condition that was documented in both films.

St Matthew Passion
The St Matthew Passion (German: Matthäuspassion), BWV 244, is a Passion, a sacred oratorio written by Johann Sebastian Bach in 1727 for solo voices, double choir and double orchestra, with libretto by Picander. It sets the 26th and 27th chapters of the Gospel of Matthew (in the Luther Bible) to music, with interspersed chorales and arias. It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of Baroque sacred music. The original Latin title Passio Domini nostri J.C. secundum Evangelistam Matthæum translates to "The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Evangelist Matthew".
Watchtower of El Berrueco
The Watchtower of El Berrueco (Spanish: Atalaya de El Berrueco), also known as the Watchtower of Torrepedrera (Spanish: Atalaya de Torrepedrera) is a watchtower of Islamic origin located in El Berrueco, Spain. It is close to the El Altazar dam, atop a 1,030 m (3,380 ft) hill in the Sierra de Guadarrama. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1983.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
David Gunn-Johnson
David Allan Gunn-Johnson (born 2 May 1949) is a retired Archdeacon of Barnstaple.

He was educated at St Stephen's House, Oxford, ordained in 1981   and began his career with curacies in Oxhey and Cheshunt. After this he was Team Rector at Colyton and then Rural Dean of Honiton until his archdeacon’s appointment. He was Archdeacon of Barnstaple in the Diocese of Exeter from 2003 until 2014.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
Tomas Nordin
Tomas Nordin (born 9 October 1969) is a Swedish curler and world champion.

Born in Härnösand, Sweden, Nordin won a gold medal in the 1997, 2001 and 2004 World Curling Championships, all three times with skip Peja Lindholm, and received silver medal in 1998 and 2000.

He is European champion from 1998 and 2001 (with skip Peja Lindholm), and has received a total of seven medals in the European championships.

In 1998 he was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame.

World Curling Championships
The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as men's and women's versions of junior and senior championships. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States, Norway and China have all won at least one championship.
Rawal, Uttar Pradesh
Raval, a small village on north bank of Yamuna, 5 km north of Gokul in Mahavan Tehsil of Mathura district in Braj region of Uttar Pradesh, is birthplace of Hindu mother goddess Radha, the consort of Lord krishna. Shri Radha Rani Janam Sthal Temple (lit. Radha's Birthplace Temple) marks the place where she was believed to have been born. Though she was born in Raval, sometimes it is mistakenly believed that was born in Barsana, a place where she grew up. According to popular legend, Radha was discovered by Vrishbhanu on an effulgent lotus floating in Yamuna river. Radha was nine months older than Krishna.

Mathura district
Mathura district (Hindi pronunciation: [mət̪ʰʊɾaː]), situated along the banks of the river Yamuna, is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of north-central India. The historic city of Mathura is the district headquarters. Mathura district is home to many important sites associated with goddess Radha and Lord Krishna, who according to legend, was born in Mathura and grew up in the nearby town of Vrindavan. Both cities are some of the most sacred sites in the Vaishnava tradition, making Mathura district an important Hindu pilgrimage centre.

The District is part of Agra division. Total area of Mathura district is 3340 sq. km. There are 5 tehsils in Mathura district.

Mathura

Govardhan

Chhata

Mant

Mahavan. Mathura is bounded on the northeast by Aligarh district, on the southeast by Hathras district, on the south by Agra district, and on the west by Rajasthan and northwest by Haryana state.
Ana Goñi
Ana Goñi (born 19 April 1953) is a Venezuelan rally co-driver and motorsport personality. She is best known as the co-driver of Swedish rally legend Stig Blomqvist. Aside from her motorsport interests, Goñi is the owner of Spanish vineyard Bodega Otazu. She has a collection of classic rally cars.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Aarne Soro
Aarne Soro (born 3 February 1974 in Helme Parish, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Estonian actor.

In 1997 he graduated from the Viljandi Culture Academy. Since 1996 he has been working at the Ugala Theatre in Viljandi. Besides stage roles he has also participated on films and television series.

University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy
University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy (Estonian: Tartu Ülikooli Viljandi Kultuuriakadeemia) is an Estonian institution of higher education, situated in the provincial town of Viljandi, central Estonia. The UT Viljandi Culture Academy merged with the University of Tartu in 2005. The UT VCA has been teaching professional higher education and performing applied research within information science, culture education and creative arts since 1952. The academy has about 700 students, half of whom are open university students. The teaching and instruction are based on the continuity and sustainability of Estonian native culture enriched by new impulses which widen the notion of traditional culture.
William Hallett Ray
William Hallett Ray (May 25, 1825 – May 7, 1909) was a Canadian politician, farmer, and merchant.

Born in Clementsport, Annapolis Valley, where he worked as a farmer and a merchant, Ray was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Annapolis County in an 1864 by-election held after James William Johnston was named to the bench. He was first elected to represent the Annapolis electoral district in the House of Commons of Canada on September 20, 1867, and remained in office until his defeat in September 1878. Ray was re-elected for one more term in the June 1882 elections. He was a member of the Anti-Confederation Party until January 1869, when he left it for the Liberal Party. In 1887, Ray was named to the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia.

He married Henrietta Ditmars in 1848. Ray also served as lieutenant-colonel in the county militia.

He died in Clementsport at the age of 83.

Legislative Council of Nova Scotia
The Legislative Council of Nova Scotia was the upper house of the legislature of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It existed from 1838 to May 31, 1928. From the establishment of responsible government in 1848, members were appointed by the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia on the advice of the premier.
Tiara of Maria II
The Tiara of Maria II (Portuguese: Tiara de D. Maria II) is a jewelled, ornamental crown made for Queen Maria II of Portugal in the 1830s-40s, set in sapphires and diamonds. It is the oldest extant tiara that can be linked to a Portuguese sovereign.

Having found its way to the Swedish royal family through inheritance, the jewel is currently in a private collection, having been sold at auction on 12 May 2021 by Christie's in Geneva.

Swedish royal family
The Swedish royal family  since 1818 has consisted of members of the Swedish Royal House of Bernadotte (Swedish: Kungahuset), closely related to the King of Sweden. Today those members who are recognized by the king are entitled to royal titles and styles (manner of address), and perform official engagements and ceremonial duties of state. The extended family of the King (Swedish: Kungafamiljen) consists of other close relatives who are not royal and thus do not represent the country officially.
Classical modal logic
In modal logic, a classical modal logic L is any modal logic containing (as axiom or theorem scheme) the duality of the modal operators

that is also closed under the (primitive or admissible) rule

Alternatively, one can give a dual definition of the classicality of L by which it is if and only if it contains (as axiom or theorem scheme)

and is closed under the (primitive or admissible) rule

The weakest classical system is sometimes referred to as E and is non-normal. Both algebraic and neighborhood semantics characterize familiar classical modal systems that are weaker than the weakest normal modal logic K.

Every regular modal logic is classical, and every normal modal logic is regular and hence classical.

Deductive closure
In mathematical logic, a set ⁠⁠ of logical formulae is deductively closed if it contains every formula ⁠⁠ that can be logically deduced from ⁠⁠; formally, if ⁠⁠ always implies ⁠⁠. If ⁠⁠ is a set of formulae, the deductive closure of ⁠⁠ is its smallest superset that is deductively closed.

The deductive closure of a theory ⁠⁠ is often denoted ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠. Some authors do not define a theory as deductively closed (thus, a theory is defined as any set of sentences), but such theories can always be 'extended' to a deductively closed set. A theory may be referred to as a deductively closed theory to emphasize it is defined as a deductively closed set.

Deductive closure is a special case of the more general mathematical concept of closure — in particular, the deductive closure of ⁠⁠ is exactly the closure of ⁠⁠ with respect to the operation of logical consequence (⁠⁠).
Plače
Plače (pronounced [ˈplaːtʃɛ]) is a small settlement in the Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia. Together with the neighbouring villages of Male Žablje and Vipavski Križ it forms the local community of Vipavski Križ.

Municipality of Ajdovščina
The Municipality of Ajdovščina (pronounced [ˈaːi̯dɔu̯ʃtʃina]; Slovene: Občina Ajdovščina) is a municipality with a population of a little over 19,000 located in the Vipava Valley, southwestern Slovenia. The municipality was established in 1994. Its seat is in the town of Ajdovščina. As of 2020, its mayor is Tadej Beočanin.

Ajdovščina is part of the Slovene Littoral traditional region as well as modern Gorizia statistical region.

The climate is influenced by the Mediterranean (minimum temperature in winter −1 °C (30 °F), maximum 17 °C (63 °F); in the summer time maximum temperature 39 °C (102 °F), minimum 20 °C (68 °F). Its characteristic is the bora wind, which may reach the speeds over 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph).
Thomas Barker (academic)
Thomas Barker (c. 1728 – 18 August 1785) was an English clergyman and Oxford academic.

Barker was born in Lancashire and matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford in 1745, at age 17. He graduated B.A. in 1749, M.A. in 1751, B.D. & D.D. in 1778.

Becoming a Fellow of Brasenose in 1750, Barker was a member of the Red Herring dining club, which had Jacobite associations and ceased meeting in 1761, at the end of its existence.

Barker was elected Principal of Brasenose on 14 September 1777. He died in Manchester on 18 August 1785, and was buried there. He was succeeded after his death by William Cleaver.

During Barker's time, Brasenose was the butt of satirical humour in Hannah Cowley's 1779 play Who's the Dupe?, for pedantry, provincial manners and unfashionable dress, in the character Gradus.

Who's the Dupe?
Who's the Dupe? is a 1779 comedy play by the British writer Hannah Cowley. A two-act farcical afterpiece, it premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 April 1779. The original cast included William Parsons as Doiley, James Aickin as Sandford, John Palmer as Granger, Thomas King as Gradus, Priscilla Brereton as Elizabeth and Mary Ann Wrighten as Charlotte. The Irish premiere was at the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin on 8 February 1791. Cowley had enjoyed success with her debut play The Runaway and followed it with the tragedy Albina and this farce. It became one of her most popular works.
Gene Kranz
Eugene Francis Kranz (born August 17, 1933) is an American aerospace engineer who served as NASA's second Chief Flight Director, directing missions of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs, including the first lunar landing mission, Apollo 11. He directed the successful efforts by the Mission Control team to save the crew of Apollo 13, and was portrayed in the 1995 film of the same name by actor Ed Harris. He characteristically wore a close-cut flattop hairstyle and the dapper "mission" vests (waistcoats) of different styles and materials made by his wife, Marta Kranz, for his Flight Director missions.

Kranz coined the phrase "tough and competent", which became known as the "Kranz Dictum". Kranz has been the subject of movies, documentary films, and books and periodical articles. Kranz is a recipient of a Presidential Medal of Freedom. In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Kranz was ranked as the second most popular space hero.

Waistcoat
A waistcoat (UK and Commonwealth, /ˈweɪs(t)koʊt/ or /ˈwɛskət/;  colloquially called a weskit) or vest (US and Canada) is a sleeveless upper-body garment. It is usually worn over a dress shirt and necktie and below a coat as a part of most men's formal wear. It is also sported as the third piece in the traditional three-piece male suit. Any given waistcoat can be simple or ornate, or for leisure or luxury. Historically, the waistcoat can be worn either in the place of, or underneath, a larger coat, dependent upon the weather, wearer, and setting.

Daytime formal wear and semi-formal wear commonly comprises a contrastingly coloured waistcoat, such as in buff or dove gray, still seen in morning dress and black lounge suit. Traditionally, a white waistcoat is worn for white tie and a black one for black tie.
Pulad
Pūlād (Persian: پولاد; Turki/Kypchak: بولاد; Bulat Saltan in Russian chronicles) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1407 to 1410, in the waning days of the khanate. He ruled as the protégé of the beglerbeg Edigu.

Edigu
Edigu (also Edigü, Edigey, Eðivkäy or Edege Mangit; died 1419) was a Turco-Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde. He was the leader of the eastern begs and became a dominant figure in the Golden Horde by the end of the 14th century.
Janiculum walls
The Janiculum walls (Italian: Mura gianicolensi) are a stretch of defensive walls erected in 1643 by Pope Urban VIII as a completion of the Leonine wall (defending the Vatican Hill) and for a better protection of the area of Rome rising on the right bank of the Tiber.

Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Latin: Urbanus VIII; Italian: Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War.

The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe. He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair, which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the papal name Urban.
Emanuel von Sievers
Count Emanuel von Sievers (Russian: Эммануи́л Ка́рлович Си́верс, romanized: Emmanuil Karlovich Sivers; 1817–1909) was a Baltic German aristocrat who was a senator of the Russian Empire and grand master of the imperial court.

Governing Senate
From 1711 to 1917, the Governing Senate was the highest legislative, judicial, and executive body subordinate to the Russian emperors. The senate was instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very end of the Russian Empire. It was chaired by the Procurator General, who served as the link between the sovereign and the Senate; he acted, in the emperor's own words, as "the sovereign's eye".
Noppadon Noppachorn
Noppadon Noppachorn  (Thai: นพดล นภจร; born 24 February 1968) is a former professional snooker player from Thailand who played a number of matches on the world snooker tour between 1992 and 2002.

He played as part of the 1996 Snooker World Cup Thailand team with fellow professionals James Wattana and Tai Pichit.

Noppachorn reached the final 32 at three professional tournaments. At the 1997 Welsh Open Noppachorn defeated David Finbow in the round of 64 before losing to Tony Drago. He reached the last 32 of the 1999 Grand Prix. Qualifying with wins over Sean Storey, and David Gray and then defeating Jamie Burnett 5-2 before losing to second seed Stephen Hendry. Then, at the 2001 Welsh Open his run to the last 32 was ended by future world champion Peter Ebdon.

David Gray (snooker player)
David Gray (born 9 February 1979) is an English former professional snooker player from London.

Gray turned professional in 1996 after becoming the youngest-ever winner of the English Amateur Championship. He went on to win the 2003 Scottish Open, break into the top 16 in the world rankings and reach the final of the 2004 UK Championship (where he made his first of two competitive maximums). Despite these successes early in his career, his form declined until he eventually dropped off the tour in 2010 aged 31.