hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Oud cemetery
Al Oud Cemetery (Arabic: مقبرة العود) is a public cemetery in the al-Owd neighbourhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, known for being the resting place of several members of the Saudi royal family. The word "al-ʿŪud", in Peninsular Arabic means "elder (older person)", likely referring to King Abdulaziz, who was buried in the cemetery.

Peninsular Arabic
Peninsular Arabic (Arabic: عربية شبه الجزيرة) are the varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arabian Peninsula. This includes the countries of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Southern Iran, Southern Iraq and Jordan.

The modern dialects spoken in the Arabian Peninsula are closer to Classical Arabic than elsewhere in the Arab world. Some of the local dialects have retained many archaic features lost in other dialects, such as the conservation of nunation for indeterminate nouns. They retain most Classical syntax and vocabulary but still have some differences from Classical Arabic like the other dialects.
Blood (journal)
Blood is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Society of Hematology. It was established by William Dameshek in 1946. The journal changed from semimonthly (24 times annually) to weekly publication at the start of 2009. It covers clinical and basic research in all areas of hematology, including disorders of leukocytes, both benign and malignant, erythrocytes, platelets, hemostatic mechanisms, vascular biology, immunology, and hematologic oncology.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Karl W. Hofmann
Karl William Hofmann (born April 6, 1961) is the president and CEO of the global humanitarian and health organization, Population Services International (PSI). Prior to joining PSI, he served as an American diplomat for 23 years. His missions included a two-year appointment to the Republic of Togo, where he served as the United States Ambassador. He also served as a member of President Clinton's National Security Council.

As of 2012, Hofmann is a director of the US Global Leadership Coalition, a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy, and a member of the Board of Advisors of Pennsylvania State University's School of International Affairs. He is the recipient of the US State Department's Distinguished Honor Award, Superior Honor Award, and Meritorious Honor Award.

United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and composed of senior national security advisors and presidential cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, the function of the council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy, from the Korean War to the war on terror.
Kanth (surname)
Kanth, also spelt Kant, is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amod Kanth, Indian social activist and former policeman

Amitabh Kant IAS, Indian bureaucrat and former CEO of NITI Aayog

Anil Kant IPS, Indian police officer and current DGP of Kerala Police

Kanth Kaler (born 1994), Punjabi singer

Melvinder Kanth, Singaporean film-maker and actor

Rajani Kannepalli Kanth, American economist and philosopher

Amod Kanth
Amod K. Kanth is an Indian social activist and an advocate for child rights. He is a former Indian Police Service (IPS) officer and the founder of the NGO Prayas.

Kanth joined the IPS in 1974, serving primarily in Delhi, and attained the rank of Director General of Police (DGP) for Goa and subsequently for Arunachal Pradesh.
United States v. Wheeler (1978)
United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313 (1978), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Double Jeopardy Clause does not bar the federal prosecution of a Native American (Indian) who has already been prosecuted by the tribe.

Double Jeopardy Clause
The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides: "[N]or shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb..." The four essential protections included are prohibitions against, for the same offense:

retrial after an acquittal;

retrial after a conviction;

retrial after certain mistrials; and

multiple punishment

Jeopardy attaches in jury trial when the jury is empaneled and sworn in, in a bench trial when the court begins to hear evidence after the first witness is sworn in, or when a court accepts a defendant's plea unconditionally. Jeopardy does not attach in a retrial of a conviction that was reversed on appeal on procedural grounds (as opposed to evidentiary insufficiency grounds), in a retrial for which "manifest necessity" has been shown following a mistrial, and in the seating of another grand jury if the prior one refuses to return an indictment.
Thunder And Roses
Thunder And Roses is an Irish-bred racehorse that won the Irish Grand National in 2015.

The horse was bred by William O'Gorman at Holycross, Co. Tipperary. The son of Presenting is out of the Lancastrian mare Glen Empress. He is a full brother to the high-class racemare Shirley Casper (Grade 2 winner, Grade 1 placed). The dam has also produced black-type performers: Wrath of Titans, winner of the Kerry National (Oscar), Oligarch Society (Moscow Society), Lonesome Dove (Milan).

He was sold at the Tattersalls Derby Sale as a 3yo, bought by Dessie Hughes for Gigginstown House Stud.

Trained by Sandra Hughes and ridden by Katie Walsh, he won the 2015 Irish Grand National by four-and-a-quarter-lengths at a starting price of 20–1.

The horse has also placed second in the Ten Up Novice Chase (Grade2), The Porterstown Handicap Chase (Grade2), The Bobbyjo Chase (Grade 3) and 4th in the 2017 Irish Grand National (Grade A)

Irish Grand National
The Irish Grand National is a National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of about 3 miles and 5 furlongs (5,834 metres), and during its running there are twenty-four fences to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year on Easter Monday.

It is the Irish equivalent of the Grand National, and it is held during Fairyhouse's Easter Festival meeting.
The Square and the Tower
The Square and Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power is a book by Niall Ferguson, published in 2018 by Penguin Books, where he explains how those at the top of the towers of power have been overstated, and the influence of "the social networks down below, in the town squares" has been underestimated. His aim is to highlight and correct this historical oversight. In The Daily Telegraph, historian Peter Frankopan described the book as "provocative". In Prospect, David Goodhart called the book "immensely stimulating, absorbing, illuminating ... sends ideas blazing all over the place".

Prospect (magazine)
Prospect is a monthly British general-interest magazine, specialising in politics, economics and current affairs. Topics covered include British and other European, as well as US politics, social issues, art, literature, cinema, science, the media, history, philosophy and psychology. Prospect features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles, first-person reportage, one-page columns and shorter items.
Old East Slavic
Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages. Ruthenian eventually evolved into the Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages.

Laurentian Codex
The Laurentian Codex or Laurentian Letopis (Russian: Лаврентьевский список, Лаврентьевская летопись) is a collection of chronicles that includes the oldest extant version of the Primary Chronicle and its continuations, mostly relating the events of the northeastern Rus' principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal.
Charles Donahue (legal scholar)
Charles Donahue Jr. (born October 4, 1941) is an American legal scholar and historian who is the Paul A. Freund Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. He is an authority on Roman law, medieval law, property law, and English legal history and previously served as the president of the American Society for Legal History.

Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual property. Property can be exchanged through contract law, and if property is violated, one could sue under tort law to protect it.

The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
Basics of blue flower colouration
Blue flowers are rare in nature, and despite many attempts, blue roses, carnations and chrysanthemums in particular cannot not be produced by conventional breeding techniques. Blue colour in flower petals is caused by delphinidin, a type of anthocyanin, which are a class of flavonoids.

The presence of delphinidin is not enough to produce blue color on its own; it must be in a alkaline environment, form a complex with flavones and metal ions, or some other mechanism.

Blue color has also been produced through breeding with the anthocynanin rosacyanin.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Zanhuang County
Zanhuang County (simplified Chinese: 赞皇县; traditional Chinese: 贊皇縣; pinyin: Zànhuáng Xiàn; lit. 'Praising Emperor') is a county in the southwestern Hebei Province, North China, bordering Shanxi province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital.

North China
North China (Chinese: 华北) is a geographical region of the People's Republic of China, consisting of five provincial-level administrative divisions, namely the direct-administered municipalities Beijing and Tianjin, the provinces Hebei and Shanxi, and the autonomous region Inner Mongolia (although the four prefectures east of the Greater Khingan Range are sometimes regarded as parts of Northeast China).

Part of the larger region of Northern China (Beifang), it lies north of the Qinling–Huaihe Line, with its heartland in the North China Plain. Most inhabitants here speak variants of Northern Chinese languages such as Mandarin, which includes the  Beijing dialect and its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis of Standard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin), the official language of the People's Republic of China. Jin Chinese and Mongolian are also widely spoken due to the political and cultural history of the area.
Stonustoxin
Stonustoxin (SNTX) is an extremely potent cytolytic toxin of the perforin-like superfamily. It is mainly found in stonefish (Synanceia). The name Stonustoxin is an abbreviation of STOnefish National University of Singapore + toxin.

Cytolysin
Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis. Cytolysins that have a specific action for certain cells are named accordingly. For instance, the cytolysins responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms.

Hemolysin is also used by certain bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, to disrupt the phagosome membrane of macrophages and escape into the cytoplasm of the cell.
Supernatural gift
In Christian theology, a supernatural gift is a gift of God that is conferred on man that is above all the powers of created nature. An example of this is the gift of grace, which enables man to attain salvation despite original sin.

Roman Catholic writer Thomas Bartholomew Scannell refers to gifts which are "absolutely supernatural", meaning those "beyond the reach of all created nature (even of the angels)", and others which are "only relatively supernatural" or "preternatural", meaning that they are "above human nature only and elevate human nature to that state of higher perfection which is natural to the angels".

Pope Paul VI, in his encyclical letter Ecclesiam Suam refers to two supernatural gifts, truth and grace, seeing Jesus' teaching technique as recorded in the gospels as a preparation for the receipt of these supernatural gifts, an approach which he described as "consistent with the dignity of the human person".

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Mashed (album)
Mashed is a compilation album released on EMI on 12 February 2007. It was one of the first fully legal mashup albums. Giles Harris was responsible for the album's concept, track listing, title as well as the laborious work involved in clearing each piece of music that featured on the album. Most of the tracks were produced by Mark Vidler aka Go Home Productions. "Boogie Oogie Music" and "Horny as a Dandy" were produced by Loo and Placido.

Mashup (music)
A mashup (also mesh, mash up, mash-up, blend, bastard pop or bootleg) is a creative work, usually a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, typically by superimposing the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another and changing the tempo and key where necessary. Such works are considered "transformative" of original content and in the United States they may find protection from copyright claims under the "fair use" doctrine of copyright law.
Siege of Lubusz
The siege of Lubusz was a siege part of the German–Polish War that took place from 19 to 20 August 1012. It involved the Duchy of Poland led by Bolesław I the Brave against the Holy Roman Empire led by Henry II. It resulted in a Polish victory.

Bellona Publishing House
Bellona Publishing House (Polish: Wydawnictwo Bellona, formerly also Dom Wydawniczy Bellona) is a private publishing house based in Warsaw, Poland. It was created in 1990 from restructuring of the state-run Wydawnictwo MON. It specialises in books on military history. Among the authors who published with Bellona are academic historians Henryk Samsonowicz, Lech Wyszczelski, Leszek Moczulski, and Tadeusz Panecki as well as journalists and writers like Krzysztof Daukszewicz, Grzegorz Miecugow, Magdalena Kozak. Bellona issues more than 300 books yearly. It is also the publisher of Mówią Wieki, a monthly historical magazine established in 1958.
Sir Walter Evans, 1st Baronet
Sir Walter Harry Evans, 1st Baronet (19 May 1872 – 7 November 1954) was an English hydraulic engineer, politician, and public servant.

Evans was born in Wolverhampton, son of Joseph Evans. He was a member of Staffordshire County Council for many years. In the 1920 New Year Honours, he was created a baronet, of Wightwick, near Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, for his services to the war savings committees during the First World War, with the letters patent being issued on 31 January 1920.

He married Margaret Mary Dickens in 1907. They had one son and two daughters. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son, Anthony.

National Savings Movement
The National Savings Movement was a British mass savings movement that operated between 1916 and 1978 and was used to finance the deficit of government spending over tax revenues. The movement was instrumental during World War II in raising funds to support the war effort. In peacetime the movement provided an easy and safe way for ordinary people to save small sums of money.  The movement grew to around 7 million members before ceasing during the 1970s as more modern methods of saving took over.  Savings products promoted by the movement typically offered a low level of return but the safety of a government guarantee.
SNCF Class Z 27500
The Z 27500 is a type of dual-voltage electric multiple unit trainset for the French National Railway Company (SNCF) intended to the TER network (French commuter rail).

The train is the electric variant of Bombardier AGC, often referred to as ZGC. It the most important fleet of all other AGC variants. It is capable of operating on a 1,500 V DC or 25 kV 50 Hz AC electricity supply.

A total of 211 trainsets have been built by Canadian conglomerate Bombardier at its factory in Crespin (near Valenciennes, France) since 2005. The first set (Z 27503/27504) was placed into regular passenger service on 24 March 2005, for the Basse-Normandie region.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Pleasant Lake (Crooked River)
Pleasant Lake is a lake in Maine, United States. It extends through southern Otisfield into northern Casco. The lake shoreline is heavily developed with residences and seasonal cabins. It is one of the finest spring fed lakes in the state. The southern end of the lake overflows as Mill Brook through the village of Casco, and reaches the Crooked River 3 miles (4.8 km) to the southwest. The lake supports a thriving population of white perch with some smallmouth bass and chain pickerel; and has been stocked with brown trout, lake trout, and land-locked Atlantic salmon. A boat launch area is available at the southern end of the lake.

Seeds of Peace, an international conflict resolution summer camp, is based on Pleasant Lake.

White perch
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".

The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Dudley East, South Australia
Dudley East  is a locality in the Australian state of  South Australia located on the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island about 107 kilometres (66 miles) south of the state capital of Adelaide.

Its boundaries were created in March 2002 for the “long established name.”  The locality is reported as being so named because it is located in the eastern part of the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Dudley.

The principal land use within the locality is agriculture.  The locality includes the Rock Villa, Hog Bay River Station which is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

Dudley East is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.

South Australian Heritage Register
The South Australian Heritage Register, also known as the SA Heritage Register, is a statutory register of historic places in South Australia. It extends legal protection regarding demolition and development under the Heritage Places Act 1993. It is administered by the South Australian Heritage Council.

As a result of the progressive abolition of the Register of the National Estate during the 2000s and the devolution of responsibility for state-significant heritage to state governments, it is now the primary statutory protection for state-level heritage-listed buildings and other sites in South Australia.
Marr Ice Piedmont
Marr Ice Piedmont (64°33′S 63°40′W﻿ / ﻿64.550°S 63.667°W﻿ / -64.550; -63.667) is a large ice piedmont which covers the northwestern half of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. This feature was presumably first seen by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74, and was first roughly surveyed by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, both under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for British marine biologist James W.S. Marr, first commander of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1943–45, and leader of the base at nearby Port Lockroy. Marr was also a member of the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Mawson, 1929–31, and of Shackleton's expedition of 1921–22.

James Marr (biologist)
James William Slessor Marr (9 December 1902 – 30 April 1965) was a Scottish marine biologist and polar explorer. He was leader of the World War II British Antarctic Expedition Operation Tabarin during its first year, 1943–1945.
FC Nerds
FC Nerds is a reality television sports franchise developed by Nordisk Film that originated in Denmark in 2004 from the television program FC Zulu. The show follows a number of nerdy young men with no experience in playing association football being trained by a famous football player in order to face a football club in the country's highest national league after a few months.

The format has been nominated for the Rose d'Or and, in 2005, an International Emmy Award in the Non-Scripted Entertainment category.

Several international versions of the show spawned, including in Australia, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden. Teams from these international versions would sometimes compete against the Danish FC Zulu team.

International Emmy Awards
The International Emmy Awards, or International Emmys, are part of the extensive range of Emmy Awards for artistic and technical merit for the television industry. Bestowed by the New York–based International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), the International Emmys are presented in recognition to the best television programs initially produced and aired outside the United States. The awards are presented at the International Emmy Awards Gala, held annually in November in New York City. It attracts over 1,200 television professionals. The first International Emmys ceremony was held in 1973, expanding what was originally a U.S.-only Emmy Award.