hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presidency of Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad served as the President of Syria from 12 March 1971 until his death on 10 June 2000. He had been Prime Minister of Syria, leading a government for two years. He was succeeded by his son, Bashar al-Assad.

Assad consolidated his power by imposition of mass surveillance on the society and ran a military dictatorship characterised by human rights violations, arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings and elimination of leftist and conservative opposition. Various journalists and political scientists have described his regime as totalitarian. Major events during his tenure include the 1976 Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War launched against the Palestinian and leftist militias, resulting in the Syrian occupation of Lebanon until 2005. Domestically, his early years in power witnessed Sunni uprisings against his rule, which were violently put down during the 1982 Hama massacre, an incident estimated to have killed between 20,000-40,000 civilians.

Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a type of dictatorship where supreme power is held and exercised by the armed forces. Military dictatorships are usually led by the commander-in-chief of the military or the leading figure in military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary.

Modern military dictatorship developed in Latin America during the 19th century, and it expanded in Europe during the early-20th century. It saw a resurgence during the Cold War, and new military dictatorships were established in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the 1960s. Some scholars have asserted that the number of military dictatorships has declined since the end of the Cold War.
Ełdyty Wielkie
Ełdyty Wielkie [ɛu̯ˈdɨtɨ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
2008–09 Czech First League
The 2008–09 Czech First League, known as the Gambrinus liga for sponsorship reasons, was the sixteenth season of Czech Republic's top-tier of football. It began on 2 August 2008 and ended on 30 May 2009. Slavia Prague were the defending champions. Slavia secured their 17th title overall after a 3–1 win away against Viktoria Žižkov in 28th round. They were the first club to defend Czech title since the 2000–01 season.

Gambrinus (beer)
Gambrinus (pronounced [ˈgambrɪnus]) is a beer brewed in the Czech Republic at the Pilsner Urquell Brewery. It is one of the most popular beers in the Czech Republic. The beer is named after Gambrinus, a legendary European king known for his mythical brewing abilities. The company was founded in 1869.
Soldotna Regional Sports Complex
The Soldotna Regional Sports Complex (also referred to as the Soldotna Sports Center) is a 2,000-seat multipurpose arena located in Soldotna, Alaska. The arena opened in 1983. In the winter months, the facility is home to several central Kenai Peninsula high school hockey teams, fighting competitions and the soldotna figure skating team while in the summer the facility hosts numerous local home builders, sports recreation and trading, car, and snowmachine shows, among other events.

The facility contains an Olympic-sized ice sheet, a 350-seat conference room, a first aid room, racquetball courts, locker room facilities, ice-resurfacing capabilities, an ADA-accessible seating platform, and a snack bar. The Sports Center also houses offices for the City of Soldotna's Parks and Recreation Department. Since 2007, it has been the home of the Kenai River Brown Bears of the North American Hockey League.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").
Tchami
Martin Joseph Léonard Bresso (French pronunciation: [maʁtɛ̃ ʒozɛf leɔnaʁ bʁeso]; born 12 May 1985), better known by his stage name Tchami (IPA: [tʃami]), is a French record producer and DJ from Paris. A founding member of the Pardon My French collective, he is best known for his solo work and regarded as a pioneer of the future house genre – a term he coined – alongside Dutch DJs Oliver Heldens and Don Diablo.

When asked about the origins of his name Tchami, he explained, "I used to travel a lot across Europe and Africa these past five years. Tchami is a name that has been given to me in Africa which is an honour. Fortunately it sounded catchy to me, so I kept it."

Tchami often performs with the persona of a priest and a church theme. He wears a clerical collar and includes visuals such as an altar and stained glass windows. In an interview he explained that "it is my message, being spiritual. I think my music is about that too".

Don Diablo
Don Pepijn Schipper (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɔn pəˈpɛin ˈsxɪpər]; born 27 February 1980), better known by his stage name Don Diablo, is a Dutch DJ, digital artist, record producer, musician and songwriter of electronic dance music. He is one of the pioneers of the future house genre and was ranked sixth in the Top 100 DJs – 2020 list by DJ Mag. He was also ranked number one Producer of the Year for 2018 by 1001Tracklists. In 2016, he was ranked the number one Future House Artist of the Year on Beatport.

In 2015, he founded his own record label, HEXAGON.
Luis García Forcada
Luis García Forcada is a Spanish chemist, politician and businessman.

García graduated in Chemical Sciences at the University of Valencia and then worked as Director General of the company Rodaval. At the 1982 General Election where he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia Province in the lists of the Popular Alliance. In Congress he served as second secretary in the Committee for External Affairs. He did not stand at the 1986 election.

Valencia (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Valencia (Valencian: València) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects 16 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Valencia. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Chris Milk
Chris Milk (born 1975 or 1976) is an American entrepreneur, filmmaker, music video director, and immersive artist. He is co-founder and CEO of Within (Virtual Reality) (formerly Vrse), a virtual reality technology company, and co-founder of Here Be Dragons (formerly Vrse.works), a virtual reality production company. Milk began his career directing music videos and commercials, and in subsequent years became best known for bridging the gap between emerging technologies and new mediums for storytelling.

Immersion (virtual reality)
In virtual reality (VR), immersion is the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. The perception is created by surrounding the user of the VR system in images, sound or other stimuli that provide an engrossing total environment.
Transuranium element
The transuranium (or transuranic) elements are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 92, which is the atomic number of uranium. All of them are radioactively unstable and decay into other elements. They are synthetic and none occur naturally on Earth, except for neptunium and plutonium which have been found in trace amounts in naturally occurring uranium ore.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Bernardine Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace, Bydgoszcz
The Bernardine Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace is a historic church from 1557, located in Bernardyńska street, in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Its patron was initially Saint George: in 1971, Polish primate Stefan Wyszyński changed its title to the current one.

Primate (bishop)
Primate (/ˈpraɪmət/; Latin: Primas) is a title or rank bestowed on some important archbishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority (title of authority) or (usually) ceremonial precedence (title of honour).
NOE (rapper)
Duane Stacy Bridgeford, better known by his stage name NOE, is an American hip hop recording artist from Baltimore, Maryland. He is best known for his affiliation with Jim Jones and his involvement in East Coast hip hop group ByrdGang. He was featured on most of the songs for M.O.B.: The Album (2008) and was a prominent writer and featured artist on Jim Jones' Pray IV Reign (2009). His song, “Done Did It,” is licensed to ABC’s number one crime drama Detroit 1-8-7 for the first episode, which was watched by 13 million viewers.

East Coast hip-hop
East Coast hip-hop is a regional subgenre of hip-hop music that originated in New York City during the 1970s. Hip-hop is recognized to have originated and evolved first in the Bronx borough of New York City.

In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip-hop music prioritizes complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing. The term "East Coast hip-hop" more specifically denotes hip-hop originating from the Northeastern United States. Southeastern states such as Georgia or Florida instead produce Southern hip-hop rather than East Coast hip-hop, although the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland produce East Coast hip-hop.
FGF5
Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene.

The majority of FGF family members are glycosaminoglycan binding proteins which possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF proteins interact with a family of specific tyrosine kinase receptors, a process often regulated by proteoglycans or extracellular binding protein cofactors. A number of intracellular signalling cascades are known to be activated after FGF-FGFR interaction including PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, RAS-MAPK and STAT pathways.

Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e., two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria.
Because GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water; the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies.
Algorism
Algorism is the technique of performing basic arithmetic by writing numbers in place value form and applying a set of memorized rules and facts to the digits. One who practices algorism is known as an algorist. This positional notation system has largely superseded earlier calculation systems that used a different set of symbols for each numerical magnitude, such as Roman numerals, and in some cases required a device such as an abacus.

Magnitude (mathematics)
In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. Magnitude as a concept dates to Ancient Greece and has been applied as a measure of distance from one object to another. For numbers, the absolute value of a number is commonly applied as the measure of units between a number and zero.

In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics, magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance. An order of magnitude is typically defined as a unit of distance between one number and another's numerical places on the decimal scale.
Mala Volosianka
Mala Volosianka (Ukrainian: Мала Волосянка, Polish: Wołosianka Mała) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Turka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is a sister settlement to Velyka Volosianka in Sambir Raion, formerly in Staryi Sambir Raion.

Until 18 July 2020, Mala Volosianka belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
1985 Arab Cup
The 1985 Arab Cup was the fourth edition of the Arab Cup hosted by Ta'if, Saudi Arabia. The competition returned after nineteen years of absence and was the first one under the auspices of the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA). The defending champion Iraq won the title for the third consecutive time.

Union of Arab Football Associations
The Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA; Arabic: الاتحاد العربي لكرة القدم; French: Union des associations de football arabe) is the governing body of football in the Arab League. Established in 1974, UAFA is an independent body comprising 22 member associations: twelve from Asia and ten from Africa.

UAFA organises a number of competitions, most notably the Arab Cup for national teams (which has been organised by FIFA since 2021) and the Arab Club Champions Cup for club teams.
Prokhorovka
Prokhorovka (Russian: Про́хоровка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia derived from the given name Prokhor.

Urban localities

Prokhorovka, Belgorod Oblast, a settlement in Prokhorovsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Rural localities

Prokhorovka, Irkutsk Oblast, a village in Osinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Prokhorovka, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Nizovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Prokhorovka, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Konstantinovsky Selsoviet of Sharlyksky District of Orenburg Oblast

Prokhorovka, Rostov Oblast, a selo in Proletarskoye Rural Settlement of Krasnosulinsky District of Rostov Oblast

Prokhorovka, Tula Oblast, a village in Prokhorovsky Rural Okrug of Novomoskovsky District of Tula Oblast

Krasnosulinsky District
Krasnosulinsky District (Russian: Красносули́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,104 square kilometers (812 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Krasny Sulin. Population: 81,825 (2010 Census);  34,906 (2002 Census); 36,814 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasny Sulin accounts for 49.9% of the district's total population.
Josef Stutz
Josef Stutz (18 April 1877 – 30 July 1948) was a member of the Swiss National Council from 1932 until 1947 for the Conservative Party (Katholisch-Konservative Partei, today CVP), founder, in 1911, of the Swiss Fruit Traders Association (now Schweizerischer Obstverband) and Director of the then newly established Farming School of the Canton of Zug (Landwirtschaftliche  Winterschule Zug) from 1917 to 1947.
He was born in Schongau (LU) and died at the age of 71 in Zug.

Zug
Zug (Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo; Romansh: Zug; Neo-Latin: Tugium) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug. Zug is renowned as a hub for some of the wealthiest individuals in the world and is known for its high concentration of wealth.

The municipality had a total population of 30,934 on 31 December 2020. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
New Brunswick School District 03
District scolaire 03 (or School District 03) is a Canadian school district in New Brunswick.

District 03 is a Francophone district operating 21 public schools (gr. K-12) in Carleton, Victoria, Madawaska and Restigouche counties.

Current enrollment is approximately 7,000 students and 470 teachers. District 03 is headquartered in Edmundston.

Edmundston
Edmundston (/ˈɛdməndstən/) is a city in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada. Established in 1850, it had a population of 16,437 as of 2021.

On January 1, 2023, Edmundston amalgamated with the village of Rivière-Verte and parts of two local service districts; revised census figures have not been released.
Pasadena Bowl
The Pasadena Bowl, known as the Junior Rose Bowl or Little Rose Bowl from 1946 to 1966 and again in 1976 and 1977, was a college football bowl game.

Between 1946 and 1966 and again in 1976 and 1977, the game pitted the California Junior College football champions against National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) football teams (not always the champion). It was organized by the Pasadena Junior Chamber of Commerce.

The Junior Rose Bowl became the Pasadena Bowl from 1967 to 1971. It was billed as the Junior Rose Bowl the first two years, but now featured teams from the National Collegiate Athletic Association's College and University Divisions.  The bowl featured the champion of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA) from 1969 to 1970 and the champion of the Missouri Valley Conference in 1970 and 1971.

National Junior College Athletic Association
The National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA or JUCO) is the governing association of community college, state college, and junior college athletics throughout the United States. Currently, the NJCAA holds 24 separate regions across 24 states, and it is divided into three divisions.
Karen Allison
Karen Allison is an American and Canadian bridge player and frequent Vugraph commentator.

Allison was taught to play bridge by her parents.

Allison is originally from New York and moved to Canada in 1973, however was still eligible to represent USA and did so in 1974 playing with Sally Johnson. 
Allison lived in Canada from 1973 to 1983 and registered to play for Canada. She won two Open Canadian team trials becoming the first women to represent Canada in an Open Team World Championship. She later won the Women's team trials playing for Valkenberg. Allison was on the board for the Canadian Bridge Federation (CBF) during her time in Canada.

Allison moved back to USA in 1983.

Allison worked on the Laws Commissions and is an editor for several versions of the Bridge Laws.

Allison was the first to report on a World Championship over VuGraph in 1994.

North American Bridge Championships
North American Bridge Championships (NABC) are three annual bridge tournaments sponsored by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). The "Spring", "Summer", and "Fall" NABCs are usually scheduled in March, July, and November for about eleven days. They comprise both championship and side contests of different kinds (e.g. matchpoint pairs and knockout teams, one-day and two-day) in many classes of competition (e.g. open/women/senior or defined by masterpoints). Host cities in the United States and Canada are selected several years in advance.
Charlottetown City Hall
Charlottetown City Hall is the seat of City Council in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located at 199 Queen Street at the corner of Kent Street.

It was designed by architects John Lemuel Phillips and Charles Benjamin Chappell in the Romanesque Revival style. It was built by contractor William H. Fraser beginning in 1887 and was completed in 1888. The fire hall designed by Charles Benjamin Chappell and John Marshall Hunter opened in 1916.

It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on November 23, 1984.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
2010 Carisap Tennis Cup
The 2010 Carisap Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This was the sixth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in San Benedetto, Italy between 5 July and 11 July 2010.

San Benedetto Tennis Cup
The San Benedetto Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the Circolo Tennis Maggioni in San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, from 2001 until 2023.
Hank Searls
Henry Hunt Searls (August 10, 1922 – February 17, 2017) was an American author and screenwriter. His novels included The Crowded Sky (1960), which was adapted as the 1960 movie of the same name; The Pilgrim Project (1964), which was adapted as the 1968 movie Countdown; and The Penetrators (1965, writing as Anthony Gray). Searls also wrote the novelizations for the movies Jaws 2 (1978) featuring Roy Scheider and Murray Hamilton, and Jaws: The Revenge (1987) featuring Michael Caine and Lorraine Gary.

Lorraine Gary
Lorraine Gottfried (born August 16, 1937), better known by her stage name Lorraine Gary, is a retired American actress, best known for her role as Ellen Brody in the Jaws film series. She also appeared in 1941 and Car Wash.