hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tadjena
36°19′N 1°08′E﻿ / ﻿36.317°N 1.133°E﻿ / 36.317; 1.133

Tadjena (Arabic: تدجنة) (formerly Fromentin) is a town in the Dahra mountains in Chlef Province in central Algeria, with a population of about 23,000; its altitude is 438 m.

Chlef Province
Chlef (Arabic: ولاية الشلف, Berber: ⴰⴳⴻⵣⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵛⵍⴻⴼ) (formerly known as El Asnam) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria with its capital and biggest city being Chlef. It is the 8th most populous province in the country, having 1.356.151 inhabitants (2021).

Chlef Province is an important agricultural region, as it is located on the plain of the Middle Chelif Basin and has access to an abundance of water resources. 65.43% of the province is dedicated to agriculture. Other notable industries in the province include breeding, glass production, and plastic processing. As well as these industries, Chlef Province is also home to two dams.

Being located in the Atlas Mountains, Chlef also has a sizeable seismic risk, being struck by a 6.7 magnitude earthquake in 1954 and a 7.1 magnitude earthquake in 1980.
Richard Edgcumbe (died 1639)
Sir Richard Edgcumbe (circa 1570 – 23 March 1639) of Mount Edgcumbe and of Cotehele in the parish of Calstock, both in Cornwall, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1586 and 1629.

Mount Edgcumbe House
Mount Edgcumbe House is a stately home in south-east Cornwall and is a Grade II listed building, whilst its gardens and parkland are listed as Grade I in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.

Mount Edgcumbe Country Park is situated in the parish of Maker on the Rame Peninsula, overlooking Plymouth Sound; its main entrance is in the village of Cremyll.

From Tudor times, it was the principal seat of the Edgcumbe family, many of whom served as MP before Richard Edgcumbe was raised to the peerage as Baron Edgcumbe in 1742. His 2nd son, George, was advanced to the rank of Earl in 1789.
2015 KPL Top 8 Cup
The 2015 KPL Top 8 Cup was the fourth edition of the tournament, which kicked off on 26 September and ended on 7 November. It is set to be contested by the top 8 teams of the 2014 season of the Kenyan Premier League: A.F.C. Leopards, Chemelil Sugar, Gor Mahia, Muhoroni Youth, Sofapaka, Tusker and Ulinzi Stars. The winners of the tournament will receive KSh. 1,000,000/= in prize money.

Tusker were the defending champions of the competition, having won their second title in the previous season after beating A.F.C. Leopards 2–1 in the final played at the Kinoru Stadium in Meru. However, they were knocked out by eventual champions Gor Mahia in the semi-finals, beating Sony Sugar in the final after extra time to pick up their second title of the competition and their third title of the 2015 season.

KPL Top 8 Cup
The KPL Top 8 Cup (also known as the KPL Top 8 Knockout, the KPL Top 8 Knockout Cup or simply the Top 8 Knockout, the Top 8 Cup or the Kenyan Top 8 Cup) is a Kenyan football championship contested by the top eight teams of the preceding Kenyan Premier League (KPL) season. The inaugural edition of the tournament took place in 2011, with Ulinzi Stars as the winners.
Permission (song)
"Permission" is the debut single by American singer Ro James, released on November 20, 2015 as the lead single from his debut studio album Eldorado (2016). Produced by Soundz, the song contains a sample of "Brothers Gonna Work It Out" by Willie Hutch.

Willie Hutch
William McKinley Hutchison (December 6, 1944 – September 19, 2005), better known as Willie Hutch, was an American singer, songwriter as well as a record producer and recording artist for the Motown record label during the 1970s and 1980s.
Dirty Films
Dirty Films is an Australian independent film and television production company founded by married couple, Cate Blanchett and Andrew Upton. The company was incorporated in the United Kingdom on 20 January 2000. Films produced include Bangers (1999), Little Fish (2005), Carol (2015), Shayda (2023), The New Boy (2023), and Fingernails (2023). Television productions include the series Stateless (2020), and Mrs. America (2020).

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Kennedy Creek (Pennsylvania)
Kennedy Creek is a tributary of South Branch Tunkhannock Creek in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 5.3 miles (8.5 km) long and flows through Scott Township and North Abington Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 6.17 square miles (16.0 km2). The creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody. The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of Wisconsinan Till, alluvium, bedrock, and fill.

A number of bridges have been constructed over Kennedy Creek. The watershed of the creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. The creek flows through Lackawanna State Park in its lower reaches. It is crossed by two trails in the park and is utilized for canoeing.

Scott Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Scott Township is a township in the north central area of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 4,641.

It is one of the five municipalities comprising the Lakeland School District. Township government consists of three elected supervisors with headquarters at the Joe Terry Civic Center, PA Route 438.
The Lottery in Babylon
"The Lottery in Babylon" (original Spanish: "La lotería en Babilonia", "The Babylon Lottery") is a fantasy short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. It first appeared in 1941 in the literary magazine Sur, and was then included in the 1941 collection The Garden of Forking Paths (El jardín de los senderos que se bifurcan), which in turn became the part one of Ficciones (1944). Translated into English by John M. Fein, it was published in Prairie Schooner, Fall 1959, and in Labyrinths (New Directions, 1962).

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Physics of respiration
The physics of respiration encompasses the physical principles and laws that govern gas exchange and breathing mechanics in living organisms. Respiration is fundamentally a biophysical process governed by classical gas laws, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and mechanics.

Gas laws
The physical laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws. The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases. The combination of several empirical gas laws led to the development of the ideal gas law.

The ideal gas law was later found to be consistent with atomic and kinetic theory.
Olivea
Olivea is a genus of rust fungi in the family Chaconiaceae. The widespread genus contains eight species that grow on dicots, especially the tropical flowering plant family Verbenaceae.

The genus name of Olivea is in honour of Edgar William Olive (1870-1971), who was an American botanist (Algology and Mycology) who was a Professor of Botany at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Harvard University.

The genus was circumscribed by Joseph Charles Arthur in Mycologia vol.9 on page 62 in 1917.

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Penitentiary House, etc. Act 1812
The Penitentiary House, etc. Act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, granted royal assent on 20 April 1812.

It built on the Penitentiary Act 1779 and Penitentiary for Convicts Act 1794, making arrangements to build Millbank prison on a site bought from the Marquis of Salisbury and since 1794 vested in Jeremy Bentham. His plan to build a panopticon of his own design on the site had stalled, though the 1812 Act compensated him for the money he had invested in the scheme.

The new prison was to serve Middlesex and the City of London, specifically those in those two areas who had been convicted of offences liable to penal transportation or of capital crimes - rather than be executed, the Act required the latter to be imprisoned for life at Millbank. The Act set out how it was to be built, run, maintained and overseen, with a maximum capacity of 300 male prisoners and 300 female prisoners.

Coldbath Fields Prison
Coldbath Fields Prison, also formerly known as the Middlesex House of Correction and Clerkenwell Gaol and informally known as the Steel, was a prison in the Mount Pleasant area of Clerkenwell, London. Founded in the reign of James I (1603–1625) it was completely rebuilt in 1794 and extended in 1850. It housed prisoners on short sentences of up to two years. Blocks emerged to segregate felons, misdemeanants and vagrants. The prison closed in 1885.
Usavich
Usavich (ウサビッチ, Usabitchi; from usagi (うさぎ, rabbit), Japanese for rabbit, with "vich" to make it a Russian patronymic) is a series of animated short films created for MTV Japan by Satoshi Tomioka and his studio Kanaban Graphics from 2006 to 2015. It is about an odd pair of rabbits imprisoned in a Soviet prison in 1961. The first season shows the absurd everyday occurrences of the two rabbits' prison life, and the subsequent seasons show the two rabbits' life on the run from law enforcement. So far, 6 seasons and 78 episodes have been released.

Militsiya
The militsiya was the police force of the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991. The term was likewise used for police forces in several Eastern Bloc countries and in the SFR Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992.

The term militsiya continues to be used in common and sometimes official usage in some of the individual post-Soviet states, such as Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as in the partially recognised or unrecognised republics of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. In Russian law enforcement, the term remained in official usage until the police reform of 2011.
Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport
Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, previously known as Sydney Metro Greater West, is a rapid transit rail project currently under-construction in Greater Western Sydney. The project involves the construction of a 23-kilometre (14 mi) line as part of the Sydney Metro system. The line will operate between St Marys, where the line will connect to the Main Western railway line, and Bradfield via the Western Sydney Airport. It is intended to provide public transport for the upcoming Western Sydney Airport. Construction of the line started in December 2022 and was expected to be completed in late 2026 in time for the opening of the airport. However, it has been reported that operations may not commence until April 2027.

Main Western railway line
The Main Western railway line (or Great Western Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, and Central West regions. It is 825 kilometres (513 mi) long, of which 484 kilometres (301 mi) is currently operational.
Op. 81
In music, Op. 81 stands for Opus number 81. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Piano Sonata No. 26

Beethoven – Sextet for Horns and String Quartet

Brahms – Tragic Overture

Dvořák – Piano Quintet No. 2

Elgar – The Sanguine Fan

Milhaud – La création du monde

Prokofiev – Semyon Kotko

Sallinen – Symphony No. 8

Schumann – Genoveva

Shostakovich – Song of the Forests

Strauss – Friedenstag

Tragic Overture (Brahms)
The Tragic Overture (German: Tragische Ouvertüre), Op. 81, is a concert overture for orchestra written by Johannes Brahms during the summer of 1880. It premiered, under Hans Richter, on 26 December 1880 in Vienna. Most performances last between twelve and fifteen minutes.

Brahms chose the title "tragic" to emphasize the turbulent, tormented character of the piece, in essence a free-standing symphonic movement, in contrast to the mirthful ebullience of a companion piece he wrote the same year, the Academic Festival Overture. Despite its name, the Tragic Overture does not follow any specific dramatic program. Brahms summed up the effective difference in character between the two overtures when he declared "one is laughing, the other crying."
The Bridge Is Over
"The Bridge Is Over" is a 1987 song by Boogie Down Productions from their debut album Criminal Minded, performed by rapper KRS-One and produced by DJ Scott LaRock and KRS-One. The song's intro samples "The Bridge" by MC Shan.

Boogie Down Productions
Boogie Down Productions (BDP) was an American hip-hop group formed in the Bronx, New York City, in 1986. It originally consisted of KRS-One, D-Nice, and DJ Scott La Rock. DJ Scott La Rock was murdered on August 27, 1987, five months after the release of BDP's debut album, Criminal Minded. The name of the group, Boogie Down, derives from a nickname for the South Bronx.

The group pioneered the fusion of dancehall reggae and hip-hop music, and their debut LP Criminal Minded contains frank descriptions of life in the South Bronx during the late 1980s.
Sofia Miliband
Sofia Davidovna Miliband (Russian: Софья Давидовна Милибанд; 17 July 1922, Moscow – 12 February 2017, Moscow) was a Russian Orientalist and Iranist, author, Doctor of Sciences of history and bibliography.

She was born to David Osipovich Miliband and his wife. Her ancestor Mikhl was a cantonist in Tallinn, while other ancestors lived at Warsaw.

She graduated from the oriental studies department of the MSU Faculty of History and became a research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences working as an Iranist.

She is a second cousin of British Labour Party politicians, David and Ed Miliband.

Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Институт востоковедения Российской Академии Наук), formerly Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is a Russian research institution for the study of the countries and cultures of Asia and North Africa. The institute is located in Moscow, and formerly in Saint Petersburg, but in 2007 the Saint Petersburg branch was reorganized into a separate Institute of Oriental Manuscripts.
Tosa Domain Battery
The Tosa Domain Battery (土佐藩砲台跡, Tosa-han Hōdai-ato) was a Bakumatsu period coastal artillery battery erected by Tosa Domain on the Pacific coast in the Susaki neighborhood of the city of Susaki, Kochi in the island of Shikoku, Japan. The ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 1944.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Tucker Jenkins
Peter "Tucker" Jenkins is a main character of British children's drama series Grange Hill, who appeared as a main cast member in the first four series. He would later guest appear in the show throughout its thirty-series run and would feature in his own spin-off Tucker's Luck. Tucker was played by Todd Carty in all his appearances. The show followed his progression from an unruly child to a rebellious teenager to a young man on the dole.

Grange Hill
Grange Hill is a British children's television drama series, originally produced by the BBC and portraying life in a typical comprehensive school. The show began its run on 8 February 1978 on BBC1, and was one of the longest-running programmes on British television when it ended on 15 September 2008 after 31 series. It was created by Phil Redmond, who is also responsible for the Channel 4 dramas Brookside and Hollyoaks; other notable production team members down the years have included producer Colin Cant and script editor Anthony Minghella.

The show was cancelled in 2008, having run every year for 30 years. It was felt by the BBC that the series had run its course.
Fred Robinson (baseball)
Frederic Henry Robinson was an American Major League Baseball player. He played three games at second base for the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association in 1884.

He was the older brother of Hall of Fame manager Wilbert Robinson.

Cincinnati Outlaw Reds
The Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of 1884, also called the Cincinnati Unions, were a member of the short-lived Union Association. One of the league's best teams, they finished third with a record of 69–36. The team was owned by former Cincinnati Stars and Cincinnati Red Stockings owner Justus Thorner with John McLean, and played at the Stars and Reds old ballpark, the Bank Street Grounds. They were managed first by outfielder "Hustling Dan" O'Leary (20-15), then by second baseman Sam Crane (49–21).

Their top-hitting regular was outfielder/pitcher Dick Burns, who batted .306 with 4 home runs. The Outlaw Reds had three pitchers with outstanding records: Jim McCormick (21–3, 1.54), George Bradley (25–15, 2.71), and Burns (23-15, 2.46). On August 26, 1884, Burns threw a no-hitter against the Kansas City Cowboys and was the first ever hurled by a major league ballplayer of a Cincinnati club.
Alexander Hoad
Alexander Hoad (born April 10, 1984) is a professional Canadian football defensive back who last played for the Helsinki Wolverines of the  Vaahteraliiga in Finland. He was a member of the Canada national football team in 2011. Hoad also played for the Mönchengladbach Mavericks of the German Football League in 2010 and Swarco Raiders Tirol of the AFL in 2009. In 2008 after graduation Hoad signed and played arena football in the AF2 with the Quad City Steamwheelers. He played CIS football for the university of Ottawa Gee-Gees

Quad City Steamwheelers
The Quad City Steamwheelers were a professional arena football team. They were a charter member of the AF2 and played their home games at iWireless Center in Moline, Illinois.

The team was founded on September 1, 1999, when the Quad Cities was awarded an arena football franchise. Managing owner (and inventor of arena football) Jim Foster coined the team's nickname.

In December 2009, it was confirmed that the Steamwheelers had ceased operations, opting not to join the new Arena Football League after the bankruptcy of the Arena Football League and subsequent disbanding of af2.
Aditi Lahiri
Aditi Lahiri CBE FBA (born 1952 in Calcutta, India) is an Indian-born British linguist and Professor emerita of Linguistics at the University of Oxford. She held the Chair of Linguistics at the University of Oxford from 2007 until her retirement in 2022; she was a Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford. Her main research interests are in phonology, phonetics, historical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Acremonium isabellae
Acremonium isabellae is a species of fungus in the genus Acremonium. It was discovered at Rowlands Creek near Uki in NE New South Wales in 2023 on the body of a dead spider being consumed by an entomopathogenic fungi. Citizen scientist Isabella Teal discovered the fungus while collecting samples of spider-eating fungi with her father and it was subsequently named after her. It was first described along with other microfungi in the 11 September 2023, Index of Australian Fungi. The sample on which this fungus was identified  can be seen arriving at the lab in the 2024 documentary Follow the Rain.

Current Name:
Waltergamsia isabellae,  Index of Australian Fungi 47: 13 (2024)
Synonymy:
Acremonium isabellae, Index of Australian Fungi 15: 5 (2023)

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Büyük Oluklu, Selim
Büyük Oluklu (also: Büyükoluklu or Oluklu) is a village in the Selim District of Kars Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,220 (2022). It is situated in high plains. The distance to Selim is 25 kilometres (16 mi) and to Kars is 45 kilometres (28 mi). Up to 2011 Oluklu was a village in Kağızman district. But it was closer to Selim and hence in April 2011, the province council decided to change the administrative status of Oluklu which disappointed Kağızman residents. The village was named Büyük Oluklu as there is another Oluklu in Selim District.

Kars Province
Kars Province (Turkish: Kars ili; Azerbaijani: Qars Rayonu; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Qersê; Armenian: Կարսի նահանգ) is a province of Turkey, located in the northeastern part of the country. It shares part of its closed border with Armenia. Its area is 10,193 km2, and its population is 274,829 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Kars. The provinces of Ardahan and Iğdır were part of Kars Province until 1992.