hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unambiguous Turing machine
In theoretical computer science, an unambiguous Turing machine is a theoretical model of computation whose power (under resource restrictions) is between that of ordinary Turing machines and nondeterministic Turing machines.  An unambiguous Turing machine is defined as a nondeterministic Turing machine with the property that for every input, there is at most one accepting computation path.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Ammerman
Ammerman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brooke Ammerman (born 1990), American ice hockey player

Celia Ammerman (born 1983), American fashion model

Joseph S. Ammerman (1924–1993), American politician

Nancy Ammerman (born 1950), American sociologist

Robert W. Ammerman (1841–1907), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Ryan Ammerman (born 1985), American volleyball player

Joseph S. Ammerman
Joseph Scofield Ammerman (July 14, 1924 – October 14, 1993) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania for one term from 1977 to 1979.
Thomas Englefield
Sir Thomas Englefield (also known as Inglefield) (c. 1455 – 3 April 1514) was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in two sessions, 1497 for Henry VII and 1510 for Henry VIII.

He was born, probably in Englefield in Berkshire, around 1455, the son of John Englefield whose family had been Lords of the Manor there for many generations. His father died while he was quite young and his grandfather, Robert Englefield, had him educated in law at the Middle Temple.

He was created a Knight of the Bath on the marriage of Prince Arthur in 1501. He held land on the Welsh border, notably in Worcestershire where he became a magistrate (JP) in 1493. He was returned to Parliament as knight of the shire (MP) for Berkshire in 1497 and 1510 and on both occasions elected Speaker of the House.

He had married Margery, daughter of Sir Richard Danvers with whom he had two sons, Richard, who died young and Thomas, his heir and the father of the Catholic politician, Sir Francis Englefield.

Englefield, Berkshire
Englefield is a village and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. The village is mostly within the bounds of the private walled estate of Englefield House. The village is in the district of West Berkshire, close to Reading.
Dilemma
A dilemma (from Ancient Greek  δίλημμα (dílēmma) 'double proposition') is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the horns of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of predicament as a matter of usage.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Niclas Düring
Niclas Felix Düring (born 6 April 1990) is a Swedish sailor. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 49er class. He currently pursues a M.Sc in Industrial Engineering and Management at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg.

Düring was born in Sundbyberg, Sweden on 6 April 1990.

Sundbyberg Municipality
Sundbyberg Municipality (Swedish: Sundbybergs kommun or Sundbybergs stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, just north of the capital Stockholm. Sundbyberg is wholly within the Stockholm urban area and has a 100% urban population.

Sundbyberg was detached from Bromma (which since 1916 is in Stockholm Municipality) in 1888 as a market town (köping). It got the title of a city in 1927. In 1949 parts of Solna Municipality and Spånga Municipality (when the rest of Spånga was amalgamated into Stockholm) were added. A proposed merger with Solna in 1971 was never implemented, making Sundbyberg, with an area of 8.83 square kilometres (3.41 sq mi), the smallest municipality in Sweden, but also the most densely populated. The municipality prefers to call itself a city, which, however, has no legal significance.
Genesis Peak
Genesis Peak is a 7,244-foot (2,208-metre) mountain summit located in the North Cascades, in Whatcom County of Washington, United States. It is situated within North Cascades National Park and Stephen Mather Wilderness. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Prophet, 2.22 miles (3.57 km) to the northwest. Like many North Cascade peaks, Genesis Peak is more notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation. Topographic relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises 5,400 feet above the Big Beaver Valley in approximately two miles (3.2 km), and the eastern aspect of the mountain rises 5,600 feet above Ross Lake in approximately three miles (4.8 km). Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Ross Lake via Skymo, No Name, and Big Beaver Creeks. The first ascent of this peak was made September 13, 1975, by Norman Burke, Cliff Lawson, Ed Lebert, and Dan Sjolseth.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Rivington Hall Barn
Rivington Hall Barn adjoins Rivington Hall in Rivington, Lancashire, near Chorley and Bolton. The Tithe barn foundation stones support a Medieval cruck construction and possibly date to the between the 9th and 15th centuries. The structure was restored, altered and enlarged in 1905 by Jonathan Simpson for Lord Leverhulme. It is a Grade II Listed building.

Chorley
Chorley is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Wigan, 11 miles (18 km) south west of Blackburn, 11 miles (18 km) north west of Bolton, 12 miles (19 km) south of Preston and 20 miles (32 km) north west of Manchester. The town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. In 2020 it had a population of 36,682.

In the 1970s, the skyline was dominated by factory chimneys, but most have now been demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrisons chimney and other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is the home of the Chorley cake.
Uptown Lexington Historic District
Uptown Lexington Historic District is a national historic district located at Lexington, Davidson County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 52 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object in the central business district of Lexington.  It includes commercial and governmental buildings built between 1824 and 1946. Located in the district is the separately listed Old Davidson County Courthouse. Other notable buildings include the former United States Post Office (1911-1912), Raper Building (c. 1907), Moffitt Building (1920s), Smith-Thompson Block (1900), the Development Building (c. 1905), the Buchanan-Siceloff Building (1923-1929), the Hinkle Block (1902-1907), the Hankins Building (1902), Hedrick's Hall (1902), and the Earnhardt Building (1923-1929).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Davidson County, North Carolina
Davidson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 168,930. Its county seat is Lexington, and its largest community is Thomasville. Davidson County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC combined statistical area. Parts of Davidson County are in the Yadkin Valley AVA.
P. Angalane
P. Angalane is an Independent politician. He was elected as a member of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Thirubuvanai (constituency). He defeated B. Kobiga of All India N.R. Congress by 2,359 votes in 2021 Puducherry Assembly election.

All India N. R. Congress
The All India N. R. Congress (abbr. AINRC) is a regional political party formed by the  Chief Minister of Puducherry, N. Rangaswamy in the Indian union territory of Puducherry. He announced the party formation on 7 February 2011 in the party's head office in Pondicherry as a breakaway from the Indian National Congress. It contested the 2011 elections by allying with AIADMK and won the majority. Since 2014, it is part of the National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The NDA alliance won the majority in the 2021 elections and is currently the ruling party of the union territory.

The party's official website states expansion of "N. R." in the party's name as 'நமது ராஜ்ஜியம்' (Namatu rājjiyam, lit. 'our rule'). These letters are also the initials of the party founder N. Rangasamy. The party's official motto is Simplicity, Fairness and Transparency.
Eagle Point Provincial Park
Eagle Point Provincial Park is a provincial park in central Alberta, Canada. It is located along the banks of the North Saskatchewan River within Brazeau County to the east and northeast of the Town of Drayton Valley. Recreation in Eagle Point Provincial Park include, Canoeing, Biking, Hiking, and Fishing. Animals within the park include Pine Martens, River Otters, North American beaver, American Black Bear, Belted Kingfisher, Osprey, Great Grey Owl, and Mule Deer.

Eagle Point was officially designated as a provincial park by an order in council on August 29, 2007. The designation involved the protection of 1,962 ha (4,850 acres) of land.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
Rick Copp
Rick Copp (born August 20, 1964) is an American television writer, story editor, producer and occasional actor. He was an executive story editor for 11 episodes and writer for two episodes of the short-lived 1991 NBC sitcom Flesh 'n' Blood. He also wrote for Flying Blind, The Golden Girls and Wings, among others. He was a co-writer on The Brady Bunch Movie and has written for many animated series including Teen Titans and Scooby-Doo. In 2005, he served as a consulting producer on the short-lived Barbershop television series, based on the Tim Story film of the same name.

He is also an author of four mystery novels, The Actor's Guide to Murder, The Actor's Guide to Adultery, The Actor's Guide to Greed and Fingerprints and Facelifts. His book The Actor's Guide to Greed was a Lambda Literary Award nominee in the Gay Mystery category at the 2006 Lambda Literary Awards. In 2012, he was one of the writers, creators and stars of the comedy mystery web series Where the Bears Are.

Barbershop (TV series)
Barbershop: The Series is an American sitcom which made its debut on Showtime in August 2005. It is based upon the Mark Brown–created characters from the popular films Barbershop (2002) and Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004), and was developed for television by screenwriter John Ridley. It stars Omar Gooding as Calvin Palmer, Jr., the proprietor of an African-American barbershop on the South Side of Chicago.

The series was produced by Barbershop and Barbershop 2 producers George Tillman, Jr. and Robert Teitel, along with original Barbershop star Ice Cube, and co-executive produced by Matt Wickline.  It lasted for only one season, and ten episodes were aired (seven of which were written by Ridley).
C.I.Y.M.S. Hockey Club
CIYMS Hockey Club is a hockey club based at C.I.Y.M.S. Sports Club, Circular Road, Belfast. Home fixtures are played on a sand-filled artificial surface. The club was founded in 1896 as Cliftonville and was one of the founding members of the Ulster Hockey Union. The 1st XI currently plays in the Ulster Senior League. The first reported match was played against North Down at Comber in November 1896 where an eight-goal to nil loss was recorded. In 2018, the club changed its name to CIYMS.

Kirk Cup
The Kirk Cup is the oldest hockey tournament in Ulster and the oldest provincial hockey trophy in Ireland. It has become a tradition since the 1966–67 season for the final to be played on Boxing Day, a date previously reserved for the Anderson Cup Final. The final attracts the largest crowd of the Ulster hockey season. The cup is named after its donor, Mr. John Kirk, J.P, who was a member of the Antrim club. Following the creation of the Irish Hockey League, the competition remained open only to Ulster Senior League members, until 2018–19, when Irish Hockey League teams from Ulster were admitted.

In the early years of the competition it was also known as the Ulster Senior Challenge Cup.
2011 AMA Pro American Superbike Championship
The 2011 AMA Pro American Superbike Championship was the 36th running of the AMA Superbike Championship.  The championship covered 8 rounds beginning at Daytona International Speedway on March 11 and concluding at New Jersey Motorsports Park on September 4.  The champion was Josh Hayes riding a Yamaha.

New Jersey Motorsports Park
New Jersey Motorsports Park is a road course "Motorsports Entertainment Complex" located in Millville, Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. It has hosted races since opening in 2008 and currently hosts a schedule including MotoAmerica Pro Road Racing, 24 Hours of LeMons, American Historic Racing Motorcycle Association, SCCA events, SCCA Pro Racing's F2000 Championship Series.
Springbrook, Alberta
Springbrook is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Red Deer County. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Highway 2A, approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southwest of Red Deer, and approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of Penhold. Springbrook is also recognized by Statistics Canada as a designated place.

Springbrook was home of the Penhold Air Cadet Summer Training Centre (PACSTC). The PACSTC was formerly RCAF Station Penhold.

Penhold
Penhold is a town in central Alberta, Canada. Penhold is surrounded by Red Deer County, 16 km (9.9 mi) south of Red Deer at the junction of Highway 2A and Highway 42. It is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) north of Calgary, east of the Red Deer River.
2021 Los Cabos Open – Doubles
Romain Arneodo and Hugo Nys were the reigning champions from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but chose to play in Gstaad instead.

Hans Hach Verdugo and John Isner won the title, defeating Hunter Reese and Sem Verbeek in the final, 5–7, 6–2, [10–4].

Hans Hach Verdugo
Hans Hach Verdugo (born 11 November 1989) is a Mexican tennis player.

Hach Verdugo has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 60 achieved on 11 July 2022 and a singles ranking of No. 528 achieved on 20 July 2015. He has won one ATP doubles title at 2021 Los Cabos Open.

Hach Verdugo has represented Mexico at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–1.
Pasrur
Pasrur (Punjabi and Urdu: پسرُور) is a historical city of Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the capital of Pasrur Tehsil and is administratively subdivided into 26 wards of the municipal committee Pasrur. Pasrur is connected to Narowal, Sialkot, Daska and Gujranwala via multiple roads. The Pasrur railway station has a railway track also passing through the city which connects Parsrur and Sialkot to Lahore via Narowal Junction.

Other important places in Pasrur Tehsil are Badyana, Chawinda, Chaubara, Kingra, Sabz Peer, Chichharwali and Dhodha.

It was founded during the reign of Mughal emperor Babur by a Jatt called Chaudhry Matika Bajwa. Nearby are the remains of a bridge built by Shah Daula.

During the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, India claimed it had conducted air and missile strikes on Pakistani military radar installations in Pasrur on 10 May 2025.

Narowal Junction railway station
Narowal Junction Railway Station (Urdu: نارووال جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن, Punjabi: نارووال جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Narowal city, Narowal district of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the junction station of 132.3 km (82 mi) long Narowal-Wazirabad, 36.7 km (23 mi) long Narowal-Dera Baba Nanak till 1947 and 56.9 km (35 mi) long Jassar-Chak Amru railway lines. Now Narowal-Dera Baba Nanak railway line had been permanently closed from 1999 due to aftermath of 1999 Kargil War. The Jassar-Chak Amru railway line is in bad shape now and no passenger service is operated currently.
Gamma scale
The γ (gamma) scale is a non-octave repeating musical scale invented by Wendy Carlos while preparing Beauty in the Beast (1986) though it does not appear on the album. It is derived from approximating just intervals using multiples of a single interval without, as is standard in equal temperaments, requiring an octave (2:1). It may be approximated by splitting the perfect fifth (3:2) into 20 equal parts (3:21⁄20≈35.1 cents), by splitting the neutral third into two equal parts, or ten equal parts of approximately 35.1 cents each (Playⓘ) for 34.188 steps per octave.

The scale step may also precisely be derived from using 20:11 (B↓, 1035 cents, Playⓘ) to approximate the interval 3:2⁄5:4, which equals 6:5 (E♭, 315.64 cents, Playⓘ). Thus the step is approximately 35.099 cents and there are 34.1895 per octave.

and  (Playⓘ)

"It produces nearly perfect triads." "A 'third flavor', sort of intermediate to 'alpha' and 'beta', although a melodic diatonic scale is easily available."

Neutral interval
In music theory, a neutral interval in 24 TET (including extensions), (but also known as a submajor interval, or as a superminor interval, in Just Intonation), is an interval that is neither major nor minor, but is, instead, in-between them.

In 12 TET, these intervals are a quarter tone sharper than minor intervals and a quarter tone flatter than major intervals. For example, the minor third is tuned at 300 ¢, while the major third is a semitone (100 ¢) sharper (400 ¢), and so the neutral third lies between them at 350 ¢.

A neutral interval inverts to another neutral interval.

In just intonation, as well as in tunings such as 31-ET, 41-ET, or 72-ET, which more closely approximate it with more of them, such intervals can be closer together.
Liberia national under-20 football team
The Liberia national under-20 football team, nicknamed the Lone Stars, represents Liberia in international youth football competitions. Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior national team. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-20 World Cup and the U-20 Africa Cup of Nations, which is the top competitions for this age group. They competed in the 2018 WAFU/FOX U-20 Tournament, with Tapha Manneh as manager.

Liberia national football team
The Liberia national football team, nicknamed the Lone Stars, represents Liberia in men's international football and is controlled by the Liberia Football Association. Although the nation produced the 1995 FIFA World Player of the Year, George Weah, its football team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup and has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations just twice—in 1996 and 2002. It is a member of both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Battle of Kosmach
The Battle of Kosmach (Ukrainian: Бої під Космачем; 30 January — 5 February, 1945) was fought between the 31st, 33rd, 87th Frontier Detachments, 256th Regiment of the NKVD in the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union under the command of Aleksey Dergachev against the Armed Units “Skazheni”, “Hutsulskyi”, “Haydamaky” and “Pidkarpatskyi” of the 4th Operational Group “Hoverla” in the Western Operational Group of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army under the command of Myroslav Symsych and Pavlo Vatsyk in the Kosiv Raion of the Stanislav Oblast.

Western Operational Group (Ukrainian Insurgent Army)
The Western Operational Group of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: Оперативна група УПА-Захід, romanized: Operatyvna hrupa UPA-Zakhid), also known as UPA-West (Ukrainian: УПА-Захід, romanized: UPA-Zakhid), was one of the three operational groups of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
Barchhakhurd
Barchhakhurd is a village and a Panchayat in Dewas district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Barchhakhurd Village is a major agricultural production area in Madhya Pradesh. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.As of 2001 India census,

Dewas district
Dewas district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪eːʋaːs]) is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters. It belongs to Ujjain Division.

The Dewas District roughly corresponds to the territories of the twin Maratha princely states of Dewas - Junior & Senior. The district straddles the Vindhya Range; the northern portion of the district lies on the Malwa plateau, while the southern portion lies in the valley of the Narmada River. The Narmada forms the southern boundary of the district. The district is bounded to the east by Sehore District, to the south by the Harda and Khandwa districts, to the west by the Khargone and Indore districts, and to the north by the Ujjain and Shajapur districts. Dewas District is part of Ujjain Division. Devsaal Rawats of Uttarakhand are said to have their origins in Dewas at the time of legendary king Vikramāditya. Dewas is about 152 kilometres (94 mi) from Bhopal and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Indore by road.
Lies (En Vogue song)
"Lies" is a song from American R&B/pop group En Vogue, released in June 1990 by Atlantic Records as the second single from their debut hit album, Born to Sing (1990). Written and produced by Thomas McElroy and Denzil Foster, it became the group's second single to top the US Billboard R&B singles chart. It peaked at number thirty-eight and was also their second Billboard Hot 100 top-40 hit. The song is led by Dawn Robinson and Cindy Herron with ad libs from Maxine Jones and Terry Ellis on the ending vamp.

Maxine Jones
Maxine Jones (born January 16, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and businesswoman, best known as a founding member of the R&B-pop group En Vogue, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. She sang lead vocals on the group's signature singles "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" and "Don't Let Go (Love)", both of which garnered international success and sold over a million copies. Throughout her career, Jones has sold over 20 million records with En Vogue. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including two American Music Awards, a Billboard Music Award, four MTV Video Music Awards, and four Soul Train Music Awards.