hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katherine Stinson
Katherine Stinson (February 14, 1891 – July 8, 1977) was an American aviation pioneer who, in 1912, became the fourth woman in the United States to earn the FAI pilot certificate. She set flying records for aerobatic maneuvers, distance, and endurance. She was the first female pilot employed by the U.S. Postal Service and the first civilian pilot to fly the mail in Canada. She was also one of the first pilots to ever fly at night and the first female pilot to fly in Canada, Japan, and China.  She also was the first woman to fly over London, England.

Katherine was the first of the pioneering Stinson siblings of early aviation, who included younger sister Marjorie, and their younger brothers Eddie and Jack.

Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (French: Fédération aéronautique internationale; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight.  It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.
Matsuyama City Station
Matsuyama City Station (松山市駅, Matsuyama-shi-eki), informally known as "Shieki", is a passenger railway station located in the city of Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Iyotetsu. The stations the terminus for the Iyo Railway's rail, tram, and bus lines and forms one of Matsuyama's city centers.

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Frederick Ernest Green
Frederick Ernest Green (10 October 1867 – 20 January 1922) was a British farmer and political activist.

Born in Hong Kong, Green was educated in Southampton in England before working in finance in the City of London.  However, he became disillusioned with this career, moving to Newdigate in Surrey to work as a farmer.  He served on the Royal Commission on Agriculture, and the Surrey District Wages Committee and Surrey County Council Small Holdings Committee.  He also wrote widely on agricultural topics, publishing The Awakening of England in 1912, The Tyranny of the Countryside in 1913, and The History of the Agricultural Labourer: 1870-1920, in 1920.

Green joined the Fabian Society in 1890.  At the 1918 United Kingdom general election, he stood unsuccessfully for the Labour Party in Chichester.

During the 1920s, Green suffered with poor health, and he was unable to complete a life of Richard Cobden before his death, early in 1922.

Surrey County Council
Surrey County Council is the county council for the non-metropolitan county of Surrey, England. The council is currently run by a Conservative Party minority administration. The council is based in Woodhatch Place, Reigate, and consists of 81 councillors.
Walecznych Street
Walecznych Street is a street in the Saska Kępa neighborhood of the Praga-Południe district in Warsaw, Poland. It runs perpendicular to the Vistula river, stretching from Wał Miedzeszyński Street to the Exhibition Canal.

The street is primarily lined with residential buildings, including several from the interwar period, four of which are listed in the Registry of Cultural Property.

The street's name, meaning "Valiant", refers to Poland's struggles for independence during World War I, consistent with the naming convention of nearby streets such as Obrońców Street (Defenders Street) and Zwycięzców Street (Victors Street).

Praga-Południe
52°14′30″N 21°05′02″E﻿ / ﻿52.241729°N 21.083867°E﻿ / 52.241729; 21.083867

Praga-Południe (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpraɡa pɔˈwudɲɛ]), also known by its anglicized names Praga-South, Praga South, and South Praga, is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland located on the east bank of the Vistula River. It consists of Grochów, Gocław, Kamionek and Saska Kępa.
2024 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 2024 Rhode Island Rams football team represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference (CAA Football) during the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Rams were led by 11th-year head coach Jim Fleming and played their home games at Meade Stadium.

After finishing their regular season with a 10–2 record (7–1 in CAA Football play), the Rams qualified for the NCAA postseason for the first time since 1985.

Kingston, Rhode Island
Kingston is a village and a census-designated place within the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, and the site of the main campus of the University of Rhode Island. The population was 7,825 at the 2020 census. Much of the village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Kingston Village Historic District. It was originally known as Little Rest.
John Leach (MP)
John Leach, also known as John Leech (died 16 April 1847) was a British politician.

Leach lived at Lea in Surrey.  He was a trustee of the Agricultural Employment Institution.  At the 1832 UK general election, he stood for the Whigs in West Surrey, winning a seat.  In Parliament, he argued in favour of the Corn Laws, and for reform of the church, in order to equalise the income of the various bishops.  He served until the 1835 UK general election, when he stood down.

1835 United Kingdom general election
The 1835 United Kingdom general election was called when Parliament was dissolved on 29 December 1834.  Polling took place between 6 January and 6 February 1835, and the results saw Robert Peel's Conservatives make large gains from their low of the 1832 election, but the Whigs maintained a large majority.

Under the terms of the Lichfield House Compact the Whigs had entered into an electoral pact with the Irish Repeal Association of Daniel O'Connell, which had contested the previous election as a separate party. The Radicals were also included in this alliance.
Wordian
In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Wordian lasted between 266.9 and 264.28 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and followed by the Capitanian.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Zhu Min (economist)
Zhu Min (Chinese: 朱民; pinyin: Zhū Mín; born 1952) is a Chinese economist and was deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund. He was the inaugural special advisor to the managing director. Zhu has held senior positions at the Bank of China from 2003 to 2009 and was a deputy governor of the People's Bank of China from 2009 to 2010.

He has published extensively on a wide range of macroeconomic management, financial regulation and supervision, and financial market issues. He is a guest lecturer at several university graduate schools, and a frequent speaker at major global economic forums.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
Luohe
Luohe (Chinese: 漯河; pinyin: Luòhé; postal: Loho) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, China. It is surrounded by the cities of Xuchang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian and Pingdingshan on its north, east, south and west respectively. Its population was 2,367,490 inhabitants at the 2020 Chinese census whom 1,326,687 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Yancheng, Shaoling and Yuanhui districts.

2020 Chinese census
The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 第七次全国人口普查; pinyin: Dì Qī Cì Quánguó Rénkǒu Pǔchá), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Census work began on November 1, 2020, and continued through December 10, 2020, involving seven million census workers.

The 2020 Chinese census covers all Chinese citizens living in mainland China, as well as those living abroad on temporary visas. Foreigners who live in the mainland for more than six months are also recorded in the data.

The preliminary results were released on May 11, 2021, with a news conference being held on the same day. The release was originally planned to be in early April, but was delayed by a month.
Voitre Marek
Voitre Marek (30 May 1919 – 27 November 1999), also known as Vojtěch Marek, was an Australian artist. He was born in Czechoslovakia and lived in South Australia from 1949. He is known for his surrealist style and religious art, in particular sculptures, some of which are held in churches around Australia.

Rundle Street
Rundle Street, often referred to as "Rundle Street East" as distinct from Rundle Mall, is a street in the East End of the city centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. It runs from Pulteney Street to East Terrace, where it becomes Rundle Road through the East Park Lands. The street is close to Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Rundle Park, Rymill Park, Hindmarsh Square and North Terrace.

The street contains numerous cafés, restaurants,  shops, cinemas, clubs, and hotels. It is one of Adelaide's most popular streets for cafés and fashion. Most of the street has a heritage façade, but has been redeveloped for modern use, with some buildings converted to residences, such as the East End Markets.
Yasuo Nishiguchi
Yasuo Nishiguchi (西口 泰夫, Nishiguchi Yasuo, born 9 October 1943) is a Japanese businessman and former CEO of Kyocera Corporation.

Originally from Sakai city, Osaka prefecture, he earned a master's degree from Osaka Kyoiku University in 1972. He began work at Kyocera in 1975.
In September 2009, he received his PhD from the Graduate School of Policy and Management, Doshisha University.

He is currently a visiting professor at the Graduate School of Business, Doshisha University and part-time lecturer at Kyoto University. He also runs his own business.

Osaka Kyoiku University
Osaka Kyoiku University (大阪教育大学, Ōsaka Kyōiku Daigaku) is a national university with headquarters in the city of Kashiwara, Osaka Prefecture, Japan and a branch campus in Tennōji-ku in the prefectural capital city of Osaka. It was established in 1949 by the merger of two predecessor institutions. Its short name is Daikyōdai. The university specializes in educating teachers. Unique among the national universities is its five-year program of nighttime study.
Son of man (Judaism)
"Son of man" is the translation of one Hebrew and one Aramaic phrase used in the Hebrew Bible. In Hebrew, the term is ben-adam, while in Aramaic its equivalent bar-adam is used. In the Book of Daniel and in post-biblical literature, the similar terms bar-anosh and bar-nasha also appear.

The Hebrew expression "son of man" (בן–אדם i.e. ben-'adam) appears 107 times in the Hebrew Bible. This is the most common Hebrew construction for the singular, appearing 93 times in the Book of Ezekiel alone and 14 times elsewhere. In thirty two cases, the phrase appears in intermediate plural form "sons of men". As generally interpreted by Jews, "son of man" denotes mankind generally in contrast to deity or godhead, with special reference to their weakness and frailty.

Book of Ezekiel
The Book of Ezekiel is the third of the Latter Prophets in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and one of the major prophetic books in the Christian Bible, where it follows Isaiah and Jeremiah. According to the book itself, it records six visions of the prophet Ezekiel, exiled in Babylon, during the 22 years from 593 to 571 BC. It is the product of a long and complex history and does not necessarily preserve the words of the prophet.

The visions and the book are structured around three themes: (1) judgment on Israel (chapters 1–24); (2) judgment on the nations (chapters 25–32); and (3) future blessings for Israel (chapters 33–48). Its themes include the concepts of the presence of God, purity, Israel as a divine community, and individual responsibility to God. Its later influence has included the development of mystical and apocalyptic traditions in Second Temple Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism, and Christianity.
UDN
UDN can stand for:

National Democratic Union (Brazil) (União Democrática Nacional), a political party that existed in Brazil between 1945 and 1965

Univision Deportes Network, a Spanish-language sports channel in the United States

Ulcerative dermal necrosis, a disease of salmon and trout

United Daily News, a Taiwanese newspaper

IATA airport code for Codroipo civil airport in Italy

Unique Device Name of the UPnP Device Architecture

Undiagnosed Diseases Network, an NIH-funded study of intractable medical conditions that have eluded diagnosis

University of Da Nang, a public university system in Vietnam

Ulcerative dermal necrosis
Ulcerative dermal necrosis  (UDN) is a  chronic dermatological disease of cold water salmonid fish that had a severe impact on north Atlantic Salmon and sea trout stocks in the late 1960s and 1970s–1980. Despite much investigation, the cause of UDN has not been determined.

The onset of symptoms occurs after migration into freshwater. Affected fish develop severe skin lesions which begin on the head and back, and near the tail. Lesions become infected with overgrowths of oomycetes, such as Saprolegnia, giving the affected areas a slimy blue-grey appearance. The most severely affected fish frequently die before spawning.

Although the worst effects of the disease were seen in the 1970s and 1980, even now large numbers of salmon will succumb to the disease after spawning. This is thought be due in part to their weak post-spawning condition, and lack of food for several months whilst in the river.
Photo-lab timer
A photo-lab timer, photo interval timer, or darkroom timer is a timer used in photography for timing the process of projecting negatives to photosensitive paper with an enlarger, making photographic prints of them at any scale. It is a device which is attached to the photo lab enlarger to ensure that the duration of photo exposures on sensitive paper can be accurately timed. When the selected time has elapsed, the enlarger is switched off or an alarm is sounded, for the photographer to turn it off.

Initially they were conventional clocks, which were replaced by electromechanical timers, which were subsequently substituted entirely by electronic equipment.

Photographic printing
Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative, a positive transparency (or slide), or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet or Minilab printer. Alternatively, the negative or transparency may be placed atop the paper and directly exposed, creating a contact print. Digital photographs are commonly printed on plain paper, for example by a color printer, but this is not considered "photographic printing".

Following exposure, the paper is processed to reveal and make permanent the latent image.
Mirage 25
The Mirage 25 is a recreational keelboat built by Mirage Yachts in Pointe Claire, Quebec, starting in 1982, but is now out of production.

Designed by  Robert Perry fiberglass hull has a transom-hung rudder and a fixed fin keel.

The design has a hull speed of 6.14 kn (11.37 km/h).

Keelboat
A keelboat is a small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yacht. Modern keelboats often have fixed fin keels, and considerable draft, but shoal draft or lifting keel designs exist also.

Keelboats have ballast to help keep the boat upright.

A keelboat has a cabin with accommodation for crew to sleep or cook. Though there can be some overlap, they are generally larger than dinghies, which are not ballasted and don't have cabins.

A keelboat is technically any sailboat with a keel and ballast —as opposed to a dinghy.

World Sailing (formerly the ISAF, formerly the IYRU) usage differentiates keelboats (including the 12-meter class) from generally larger yachts, despite overlap in the sizes of boats in the two classes. The 2025 Offshore Double Handed World Championship will use the Sun Fast 30 One Design.

The Olympic Games used keelboat to describe keeled boats such as the Soling which carries three crew, compared to larger boats such as the 12-metre class.
Sicyopterus stiphodonoides
Sicyopterus stiphodonoides is a species of goby in the family Oxudercidae, or alternatively, Gobiidae. It is found from northern New Guinea to the Solomon Islands. Specifically, it is known from the Cyclops Coast in Western New Guinea (Indonesia), D'Entrecasteaux Islands and New Britain off eastern/northeastern New Guinea (Papua New Guinea), and Choiseul Island and Kolombangara in the Solomon Archipelago.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Koppur
Koppur, also known as Kopra, is a village in Devadurga Taluk in Raichur district, Karnataka State, India.

The village is famous for the temple of Lord Sri Narasimha Swamy. The nearest railway station is Raichur railway station.

Raichur railway station
Raichur Junction railway station, also known as Raichuru Junction railway station (station code:RC), is located in Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka and serves Raichur and the surrounding industrially efflorescent area. The station has three platforms.
Muhammad Amin Inoq Madrasa
The Muhammad Amin Inoq Madrasa is an architectural monument in Khiva city of Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The madrasa dates back to the 18th century (1785) and is currently located in the “Ichan qal’a” quarter, Zargarlar street, house 34. It was built by Muhammad Amin inoq and stood out in the center of Ichan qal’a.

Muhammad Amin inoq madrasa was included in the National Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage Objects by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on October 4, 2019, and was taken under state protection. Currently, it is considered as state property on the basis of the operational management right of the “Ichan qal’a” State Museum-Reserve.

Itchan Kala
Itchan Kala (Uzbek: Ichan-Qаl’а) is the walled inner town of the city of Khiva, Uzbekistan. Since 1990, it has been protected as a World Heritage Site.

The old town retains more than 50 historic monuments and 250 old houses, dating primarily from the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. Juma Mosque, for instance, was established in the tenth century and rebuilt from 1788 to 1789, although its celebrated hypostyle hall still retains 112 columns taken from ancient structures. 
Notable buildings in Itchan Kala are Konya Ark, Juma Mosque, Ak Mosque, Hasanmurod Qushbegi mosque, madrasahs of Alla-Kulli-Khan, Muhammad Aminkhon, Muhammad Rakhimkhon, Mausoleums of Pahlavon Mahmoud, Sayid Allavuddin, Shergozikhon as well as caravanserais and markets.
Furor Teutonicus
Furor Teutonicus ('Teutonic Fury') is a Latin phrase referring to the proverbial ferocity of the Teutons, or more generally, of the Germanic tribes of the Roman Empire period.

Generally, the original expression is attributed to the Roman poet Lucan (d. AD 65). It occurs for the first time in his work, De Bello Civili. Lucan used the term to describe what he believed to be the outstanding characteristic of the Celtic/Germanic tribes called the Teutones: a mad, merciless, berserk rage in battle.

The Teutons met with the armies of the Roman Republic in the Eastern Alps around 113 BC. Under the command of the consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, the Romans tried to lure the tribe into a trap, but the Romans underestimated their military potential and lost the Battle of Noreia. The Romans also lost the Battle of Arausio (105 BC) and other lesser battles, before putting Gaius Marius in charge of their defence. Ultimately, the Teutons were defeated in 102 BC.

Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide, and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched.
Innocent (1921 film)
Innocent is a 1921 British silent drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Madge Stuart, Basil Rathbone and Edward O'Neill. The film marked the screen debut of Rathbone, with his casting as a villainous figure pointing towards the sort of roles he would play in later British and Hollywood films. The film was made by Stoll Pictures, Britain's leading film company of the era, at Cricklewood Studios.

Cricklewood Studios
Cricklewood Studios, also known as the Stoll Film Studios, were British film studios located in Cricklewood, London which operated from 1920 to 1938. Run by Sir Oswald Stoll as the principal base for his newly formed Stoll Pictures, which also operated Surbiton Studios, the studio was the largest in the British Isles at that time. It was later used for the production of "quota quickies" (to meet the requirements of the Cinematograph Films Act 1927). In 1938, the studios were sold off for non-film use.