hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cumberland Association
The Cumberland Association was a legal governing body formed in 1780 to establish the efficient government of the early settlers along the Cumberland River in the area of what is now Nashville, Tennessee. The association was formed upon the signing of the Cumberland Compact. The Cumberland Association was officially recognized by the granting authority, the State of North Carolina.

Although formed in 1780, the Cumberland Association was dormant until 1783.

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Pacifica Foundation
Pacifica Foundation is an American nonprofit organization that owns five independently operated, non-commercial, listener-supported radio stations known for their progressive/liberal political orientation. Its national headquarters adjoins station KPFK in North Hollywood, California.

Pacifica Foundation also operates the Pacifica Network, a program service supplying over 200 affiliated stations with various programs, primarily news and public affairs. It was the first public radio network in the United States and is one of the world's oldest listener-funded radio networks. Programs such as Democracy Now! and Free Speech Radio News have been some of its most popular productions.

North Hollywood, Los Angeles
North Hollywood (NoHo) is a neighborhood and district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood contains the NoHo Arts District, El Portal Theater, several art galleries, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. The North Hollywood Metro Rail station is the northern terminus of the B Line subway on the Los Angeles Metro.

North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named "Toluca" before being renamed "Lankershim" in 1896 and finally "North Hollywood" in 1927.
David Maitland-Titterton
David Maitland Maitland-Titterton TD  (1904 – 1988) was a Scottish British Army officer and officer of arms.

Maitland-Titterton was a commissioned officer in the Ayrshire Yeomanry and retired with the honorary rank of major in 1964. He was an officer of arms in the Court of the Lord Lyon, serving as Falkland Pursuivant from 1969 to 1971, Ormond Pursuivant from 1971 to 1982 and Marchmont Herald between 1982 and his death in 1988.

Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:

to control and initiate armorial matters;

to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state;

to conserve and interpret heraldic and genealogical records.
Dorchester, Baltimore
Dorchester is a neighborhood in the Northwest District of Baltimore. It is located between the neighborhoods of Arlington (north), Central Forest Park (south), Howard Park (west) and Gallway-Garrison (east). Maryland Route 26 (Liberty Heights Avenue) draws the boundary between Dorchester and Central Forest Park. Dorchester's other boundaries are marked by Oakford Avenue, Eldorado Avenue and Garrison Boulevard.

MTA CitiLink Lime and MTA LocalLink 82 (Mondawmin Metro Shuttle Bug) provide service along Liberty Heights Avenue, connecting with the Metro Subway at Mondawmin station. MTA LocalLink 80 runs along Garrison Boulevard, providing service between Sinai Hospital (north) and Downtown Baltimore (south).

Two public schools are located in the Dorchester neighborhood: Garrison Middle School, at 3910 Barrington Road, and Forest Park High School, at 3701 Eldorado Avenue.

LocalLink 80 (BaltimoreLink)
LocalLink 80 is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. LocalLink 80 is part of the high frequency network of the local bus system. The route consists of a leg originating in Downtown Baltimore and goes on to serve the Garrison Boulevard corridor in the northwest of the city. Route 80 and its predecessor, route 91, has carried some of the highest ridership out of Baltimore's local bus network throughout its history. The line was the first in the city to be assigned articulated buses, which are now used to meet the higher capacity requirements of the frequent lines.
KKOW (AM)
KKOW (860 AM) is a radio station in Pittsburg, Kansas. It broadcasts a farm–classic country format.

KKOW is the flagship station for Pittsburg State University football and basketball games. Those broadcasts also air on sister station KBZI.

Programming heard on KKOW includes Coast to Coast AM, America in the Morning, Orion Samuelson's National Farm Report, Mornings with Dalton, Trading Post, Agritalk with Mike Adams and The Sports Drive with Eddie Lomshek. Farm reports and classic country music are broadcast throughout the day.

Orion Samuelson
Orion Samuelson (/ˈɔːriən/ OR-ee-ən; born March 31, 1934) is a retired American broadcaster, known for his agriculture broadcasts and his ability to explain agribusiness and food production in an understandable way.  He was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 2003.
Heather Morgan (songwriter)
Heather Lynn Morgan is an American country music singer-songwriter from Richardson, Texas. After graduating from TCU, Heather signed her first publishing deal with Warner Chappell Music. Her songs have been featured on the TV show Nashville and recorded by Keith Urban, Brett Eldredge, Sara Evans, Eli Young Band, Maddie & Tae, and more. She is now a staff writer at Sony ATV Music, and had her first number 1 single in June 2014 with Brett Eldredge's "Beat of the Music". and was then awarded 2015 BMI Song of the Year. "Lose My Mind" was Heather's second number 1 single in October 2015. That year she was also nominated for Music Row's Breakthrough Songwriter of the Year Award, and took part as a songwriter in the 2015 ACM Lifting Lives Music Camp.

On 5 October 2018 she released her debut studio album Borrowed Heart produced by Paul Moak.

Richardson, Texas
Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 119,469. Richardson is an inner suburb of the city of Dallas.

It is home to the University of Texas at Dallas and the Telecom Corridor, with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. More than 5,000 businesses have operations within Richardson's 28 square miles (73 km2), including many of the world's largest telecommunications and networking companies, such as AT&T, Verizon, Cisco Systems, Samsung, ZTE, MetroPCS, Texas Instruments, Qorvo, and Fujitsu. Richardson's largest employment base is provided by the insurance industry, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas's headquarters, a regional hub for the insurance company GEICO, regional offices for United Healthcare, and one of State Farm Insurance's three national regional hubs located in the community.
Věstonice Reservoir
Věstonice Reservoir (Czech: Vodní nádrž Nové Mlýny II, Věstonická nádrž) is a reservoir on the Thaya River in the South Moravia. It is 1668 ha in area. The reservoir was built on the place of Mušov village. The area has been protected as a nature reserve since 1994 together with the mouth of rivers Jihlava and Svratka.

Svratka (river)
The Svratka (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsvratka]; German: Schwarzach) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Thaya River. It flows through the Vysočina and South Moravian regions, including the city of Brno. It is 168.5 km (104.7 mi) long, making it the 9th longest river in the Czech Republic.
Wilczyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wilczyce [vilˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wilczyce. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Adineta ricciae
Adineta ricciae is a species of freshwater rotifers in the family Adinetidae. It was first described in 2005 after being discovered by chance in dry mud beside a billabong in Australia. It is used as a model organism as it is easy to keep in culture.

Billabong
In Australian English, a billabong (/ˈbɪləbɒŋ/ BIL-ə-bong) is a small body of water, usually permanent. It is usually an oxbow lake caused by a change in course of a river or creek, but other types of small lakes, ponds or waterholes are also called billabongs. The term is likely borrowed from Wiradjuri, an Aboriginal Australian language of New South Wales.
Vasco da Gama - Muzaffarpur Special
The Vasco da Gama–Muzaffarpur Express Special also known as  Muzaffarpur Goa Express is a long-distance Express train operated by the Indian Railways connecting Vasco da Gama in Goa with Muzaffarpur Junction in Bihar via Madgaon, Thivim, Mumbai.

Tivim
Tivim pronounced Thivim, is a village in Nathivim in Bardez, in the North Goa district of Goa, India. It is an important gateway into North Goa as the home to the major railway station in North Goa. Tivim was also the ancestral village of the first global beauty queen of India, Reita Faria. More recently Prathamesh Maulingkar was crowned Mister Supranational 2018. .
The Case Against Education
The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money is a book written by libertarian economist Bryan Caplan and published in 2018 by Princeton University Press. Drawing on the economic concept of job market signaling and research in educational psychology, the book argues that much of higher education is very inefficient and has only a small effect in improving human capital, contrary to the conventional consensus in labor economics.

Caplan argues that the primary function of education is not to enhance students' skills but to certify their intelligence, conscientiousness, and conformity—attributes that are valued by employers. He ultimately estimates that approximately 80% of individuals' return to education is the result of signaling, with the remainder due to human capital accumulation.

Capital accumulation
Capital accumulation is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains. The goal of accumulation of capital is to create new fixed capital and working capital, broaden and modernize the existing ones, grow the material basis of social-cultural activities, as well as constituting the necessary resource for reserve and insurance. The process of capital accumulation forms the basis of capitalism, and is one of the defining characteristics of a capitalist economic system.
China Railway International Intermodal Passenger Train
China Railway International Intermodal Passenger Train is a passenger train service that jointly operates with Korean State Railway (KSR), Laos–China Railway (LCR), Ulaanbaatar Railway (UBTZ), Russian Railways (RZD), Vietnam Railways (VNR) and Kazakhstan Railways (KTZ) running between Mainland China and neighbouring countries.

Russian Railways
Russian Railways (Russian: ОАО «Российские железные дороги», romanized: OAO «Rossijskije železnyje dorogi») or RZD (ОАО «РЖД») is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services and has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia.

The company was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, which in turn was the successor of the USSR Ministry of Railways. RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35.

Railways in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are controlled by Crimea Railway and Novorossiya Railway, both companies being independent from RZD. As of 2026, the company is reported to be in heavy debs of $45 Billion (4 trillion rubles).
Electoral district of Jordan
Jordan is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. It was created in the 2017 redistribution. It was named after politician Vi Jordan, second female Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

Based on the area between Ipswich and Logan, Jordan consists of the suburbs of Gailes, Carole Park, Camira, Brookwater, Augustine Heights, Springfield, Greenbank, New Beith, Lyons and Undullah.

From results of the 2015 election, Jordan was estimated to be a safe seat for the Labor Party with a margin of 13.5%.

City of Ipswich
The City of Ipswich is a local government area (LGA) located within the southwest of Greater Brisbane, which in turn, is situated within the vast South East region of the state of Queensland. Positioned between the City of Brisbane and the City of Logan to the east and the Scenic Rim Region to the south, the City of Ipswich also borders the Somerset and Lockyer Valley regions to the north and west, respectively. Ipswich is generally taken to include the urban area encompassing the historical city of Ipswich and the surrounding rural areas. By the 2021 census, the City of Ipswich, as a local government area, had a population of 229,208 people.
The Panther Woman
The Panther Woman is a 1918 American drama film directed by Ralph Ince and starring Olga Petrova. It was written by Mary Murillo based upon the 1895 novel Patience Sparhawk and Her Times by Gertrude Atherton and released in October 1918 by First National.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
Derwyddon Dr Gonzo
Derwyddon Dr Gonzo were a Welsh-language funk and ska band from Llanrug, North Wales. Having reached number one in Siart C2 (Welsh Language Music Chart), their music has received airplay on BBC Radio Cymru, BBC Radio 1 and Serbian radio. The band performed regularly on the Welsh language scene circuit, in addition to larger festivals such as Latitude Festival, Wakestock, Sŵn, Sesiwn Fawr Dolgellau and Maes B at the National Eisteddfod. Their second EP, Chaviach/Bwthyn was released on the Copa Label in 2008. On 27 July 2009 the band released their second album, Stonk!, on the Copa label, and recorded at the Wings for Jesus Studio in Cardiff by Sir Doufus Styles.

Llanrug
Llanrug (or Llanfihangel-yn-y-grug) is a medium-sized village and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It lies about 4 miles (6.4 km) to the east of Caernarfon, 7 miles (11 km) south of Bangor and 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Llanberis. It is the largest populated village in the Arfon area of Gwynedd, Wales.  The old name of the village was Llanfihangel-yn-y-grug, derived from Eglwys Sant Mihangel, which is situated about half a mile west of the village.
Milvik
MILVIK BIMA, which operates under the brand name 'BIMA' or 'MILVIK' is a Swedish Fintech company related health services, such as life and health insurance via a mobile app to middle class families in emerging countries. It runs its business from headquarters in Singapore and Bangalore with operations in nine countries.

It operates in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Tanzania with 37 million users.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Salt Lake City Branch
The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Salt Lake City Branch is one of four branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. The branch opened in 1918 and is located in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. As of 2024, the branch provides outreach, cash operations, police services, supervision, and credit for financial institutions in Utah, southern Idaho, eastern Nevada, eastern Oregon, and western Wyoming.

Downtown Salt Lake City
Downtown (also called City Center) is the oldest district in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The grid from which the entire city is laid out originates at Temple Square, the location of the Salt Lake Temple.
Nariampara Puthiyakavu Devikshethram
Nariampara Puthiyakavu Devikshethram is a Hindu temple located in Nariampara near Kattappana in Idukki district of Kerala state, India. The temple is situated  on the Kattappana - Kuttikkanam state highway, about 3 km from Kattappana.

Kuttikkanam
Kuttikkanam is a hill station in Idukki district, Kerala state, India. It is 3,500 feet (1,100 m) above sea level and surrounded by lush green tea plantations. It is within the territory of Peermade. Kanjirappally and Mundakayam are the nearest towns.
Super Mai-A Hydropower Station
Super Mai-A Hydropower Station (Nepali: सुपर माई A जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-the-river hydro-electric plant located in Ilam District of Nepal. The flow from Mai River is used to generate 9.6 MW electricity. The design head is 199.3 m.

The plant is owned and developed by Sagarmatha Jalbidhyut Company Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2077-02-32BS. The generation licence will expire in 2109-11-17 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Ilam District
Ilam district (Nepali: इलाम जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. It is a Hill district and covers 1,703 km2 (658 sq mi). The 2011 census counted 290,254 inhabitants.  The municipality of Ilam is the district headquarters and is about 600 km (370 mi) from Kathmandu.

Ilam attracts many researchers and scientists for the study of medicinal and aromatic plants, orchids, rare birds and the red panda. Ilam stretches from the Terai belt to the upper hilly belt of this Himalayan nation.
Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu
Daniel Hyacinthe Liénard de Beaujeu (9 or 19 August 1711 – 9 July 1755) was a French officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War. He participated in the Battle of Grand Pre (1747). He also organized the force that attacked General Edward Braddock's army after it forded the Monongahela River. The event was later dubbed the Battle of the Monongahela. Beaujeu led his small force into the attack, where he was shot dead in the opening moments when the attack was launched on July 9, 1755. However, his adoption of Native American customs, such as wearing war paint and regalia, helped raise the morale and fighting tenacity of the warriors under his command.

Regalia
Regalia (/rəˈɡeɪliə, -ˈɡeɪljə/ rə-GAY-lee-ə, -⁠GAYL-yə) is the set of emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royal status, as well as rights, prerogatives and privileges enjoyed by a sovereign, regardless of title. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and accessories of a sovereign, but now it also refers to any type of elaborate formal dress. The word stems from the Latin substantivation of the adjective regalis, "regal", itself from rex, "king". It is sometimes used in the singular, regale.
Black River (settlement)
Black River was a British settlement on the Mosquito Coast of present-day Honduras. It was established in 1732 by a British colonist named William Pitt (likely a distant relative of contemporary British politician William Pitt the Elder).  The settlement, made on territory claimed but never really controlled by Spain, was evacuated in 1787 pursuant to terms of the Anglo-Spanish Convention of 1786. The Spanish then attempted to colonize the area, but the local Miskitos massacred most of its inhabitants on September 4, 1800. The settlement was abandoned, and its remains can still be seen near the village of Palacios in the Gracias a Dios Department in Honduras.

Trujillo, Honduras
Trujillo is a city, with a population of 22,750 (2023 calculation), and a municipality on the northern Caribbean coast of the Honduran department of Colón, of which the city is the capital.

The municipality had a population of about 30,000 (2003). The city is located on a bluff overlooking the Bay of Trujillo. Behind the city rise two prominent mountains, Mount Capiro and Mount Calentura. Three Garifuna fishing villages—Santa Fe, San Antonio, and Guadelupe—are located along the beach.

Trujillo has received plenty of attention as the potential site of a proposed Honduran charter city project, according to an idea originally advocated by American economist Paul Romer. Often referred to as a Hong Kong in Honduras, and advocated by among others the Trujillo-born Honduran president Porfirio Lobo Sosa, the project has also been met with skepticism and controversy, especially due to its supposed disregard for the local Garifuna culture.