hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ranscombe Farm
Ranscombe Farm is a Plantlife Nature Reserve and working farm in Cuxton, Kent, England. The site is a botanically significant area, with parts included in the Cobham Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and the entire farm situated within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Althaea (plant)
Althaea is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It includes Althaea officinalis, also known as the marshmallow plant, whence the fluffy confection got its name. They are found on the banks of rivers and in salt marshes, preferring moist, sandy soils. The stems grow to 1–2 m tall, and flower in mid summer. The leaves are palmately lobed with 3–7 lobes. Althaea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix quadrigemina.
Branches of the House of Romanov
The Russian Imperial Family was split into four main branches named after the sons of Emperor Nicholas I:

The Alexandrovichi (descendants of Emperor Alexander II of Russia) (with further subdivisions named The Vladimirovichi and The Pavlovichi after two of Alexander II’s younger sons)

The Konstantinovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaevich of Russia)

The Nikolaevichi (descendants of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia)

The Mikhailovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia)

The headship of the Imperial Family is in dispute between Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia of the Vladimirovich (Alexandrovichi) and Prince Andrew Andreevich of Russia of the Mikhailovichi branch.

In the family trees, a ≈ sign represents a union causing an illegitimate child.

Prince Andrew Romanoff
Prince Andrew Romanoff (born Andrei Andreievich Romanoff; 21 January 1923 – 28 November 2021) was a Russian American artist and author. He was a grand-nephew of Russia's last Tsar, Nicholas II. He was a great-great-grandson in the male line of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and since the death of Prince Dimitri Romanov in 2016 was claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov until his own death in 2021.
María Sánchez Lorenzo
María Antonia Sánchez Lorenzo  (born 7 November 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Spain.

Her highest WTA ranking has been world No. 33, a position she achieved in April 2004.

She played two-handed on both sides, and her favourite surface was the hardcourt, unusual for a Spanish tennis player.

At the 2005 French Open, Lorenzo defeated reigning champion Anastasia Myskina in three sets in the first round, which became the first time the reigning champ of the French Open lost in the first round.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
So Red the Rose (film)
So Red the Rose is a 1935 American drama film directed by King Vidor and starring Margaret Sullavan, Walter Connolly, and Randolph Scott. The Civil War-era romance is based on the 1934 novel of the same name by Stark Young.

The film did not enjoy great popularity at the box office.  After this film, Civil War films were considered box office poison in Hollywood until Bette Davis and Henry Fonda's performance in 1938's Jezebel, which was a success. This was followed by the overwhelming popularity of Gone with the Wind in 1939, an adaptation of Margaret Mitchell's bestseller of the same name. In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career.

70th Berlin International Film Festival
The 70th annual Berlin International Film Festival took place from 20 February to 1 March 2020. It was the first under the leadership of new Berlin Film Festival board: business administration director Mariette Rissenbeek and artistic director Carlo Chatrian.

The festival opening gala was presented by actor Samuel Finzi, followed by the world premiere My Salinger Year, directed by Philippe Falardeau. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Iranian film There Is No Evil, directed by Mohammad Rasoulof.
Taihang Tunnel
Taihang Tunnel (Chinese: 太行山隧道; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān Suìdào) is the third-longest mountain railway tunnel in northern China, after the New Guanjiao and West Qinling tunnels. It is a double track tunnel that was built to allow the Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway to cross  the Taihang Mountains. The left track is 27,839 m (17.298 mi) long and the right one is 27,848 m (17.304 mi) long. Construction on the tunnel began on 11 June 2005 and the tunnel was opened on 22 December 2007.

The Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway is the line linking Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province, and Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province. After the opening of the Taihang Tunnel and completion of the high-speed railway, the travel time from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan was reduced from almost six hours to one hour.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
1992 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1992 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. Organized by The Athletics Congress (TAC), the competition took place on February 28 and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

This was the last edition of the meeting held by The Athletics Congress, with all future editions being held by USA Track & Field. At the meeting, Leroy Burrell came from behind to set a meeting record in the 60 m of 6.55.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
Offley
Offley is a civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The main village is Great Offley, also known as Offley, which stands on a ridge of high ground. The parish covers most of the area between the towns of Hitchin to the east and Luton to the west. The northern part of the parish lies within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Chiltern Hills. The parish also includes numerous hamlets, including Little Offley, Cockernhoe, and Tea Green. At the western end of the parish, adjoining the edge of Luton, is the Putteridge Bury estate which now serves as a campus of the University of Bedfordshire. The parish had a population of 1,646 at the 2021 census.

Muntjac
Muntjacs (/mʌntdʒæk/ ⓘ MUNT-jak), also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, are small deer of the genus Muntiacus native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Muntjacs are thought to have begun appearing 15–35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France, Germany and Poland. Most are listed as least-concern species or Data Deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), although others such as the black muntjac, Bornean yellow muntjac, and giant muntjac are vulnerable, near threatened, and critically endangered, respectively.
Anisyl acetate
Anisyl acetate (4-methoxybenzyl acetate) is an acetate ester of anisyl alcohol. It is a naturally occurring flavor found in various fruits and types of vanilla. It is also used as a flavoring agent to produce a flavor profile described variously as sweet, smooth, fruity (cherry or plum) and vanilla or almond.

Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O−2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO−2, or CH3COO−.

Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers. In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis.
Kingsthorpe College
Kingsthorpe College (KC), formerly Kingsthorpe Community College and before that Kingsthorpe Upper School, is a secondary school with academy status in Kingsthorpe, Northampton. In September 2021 Kingsthorpe College joined the Orbis Education Trust, a Multi-Academy Trust, which also includes Southfield School in Kettering. As of 2023, the school has approximately 1,400 students on roll, with 160 in the sixth form.

The school moved into a new building in 2007, and is located on a single site on Boughton Green Road. It was previously split on two sites, the other being next to Welford Road, which was on the A5199. The college has been a specialist sports college with a second specialism in history since 2006, after changing from a Language College and a former ICT College.

A50 road
The A50 is a major trunk road in England between Leicester and Warrington; historically it was the designation for a major route from London to Leicester.

The A50 runs west-northwest from Leicester to the M1. After a northbound concurrency, the A50 departs the M1.

The segment of the A50 from the M1 west-northwest to Stoke-on-Trent is dual carriageway, mostly built to near-motorway standards and providing access to Derby; in Stoke, it connects with other near-motorways, providing two direct connections to the M6.

The A50 departs the near-motorway within Stoke, travelling northwest as a mostly single carriageway route, ultimately terminating in Warrington.
Tumor-homing bacteria
Tumor-homing bacteria are facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria (capable of producing ATP when oxygen is absent or is destroyed in normal oxygen levels) that are able to target cancerous cells in the body, suppress tumor growth and survive in the body for a long time even after the infection. When this type of bacteria is administered into the body, it migrates to the cancerous tissues and starts to grow, and then deploys distinct mechanisms to destroy solid tumors. Each bacteria species uses a different process to eliminate the tumor. Some common tumor homing bacteria include Salmonella, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Listeria, and Streptococcus. The earliest research of this type of bacteria was highlighted in 1813 when scientists began observing that patients that had gas gangrene, an infection caused by the bacteria Clostridium, were able to have tumor regressions.

Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria.  They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract though strains have been isolated from the vagina and mouth (B. dentium) of mammals, including humans.  Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the gastrointestinal tract microbiota in mammals. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics.

Before the 1960s, Bifidobacterium species were collectively referred to as Lactobacillus bifidus.
USS English
27°06′N 127°38′E﻿ / ﻿27.1°N 127.63°E﻿ / 27.1; 127.63

USS English (DD-696) was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer. She was named for Rear Admiral Robert Henry English, a submariner who commanded the light cruiser Helena and had been awarded the Navy Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. English died in the crash of Pan Am Flight 1104 on 21 January 1943.

USS English saw combat in World War II and the Korean War and later participated in the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War. She was transferred to the Republic of China Navy in 1970 and renamed Huei Yang, serving until she was decommissioned in 1999. She was sunk as a target in 2003.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Geography of Koshi Province
Koshi Province covers an area of 25,905 square kilometres (10,002 sq mi). It is located at easternmost part of Nepal bordering by Tibet Autonomous Region of China in north Bagmati Province in west, Province No. 2 in south-west, Bihar of India in south, North Bengal of India in south-east and Sikkim of India in north-east. Sikkim and part of North Bengal of India forms ethno-linguistic relation with Nepal. Geography of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal is very diverse, of highest peaks of Himalayas in northern extremes to terai region to south. It lies between 86 degree 1 minute and 88 degree 3 minutes east longitude and 28 degree 2 minutes and 26 degree 3 minutes north longitude. Biratnagar, the industrial capital of Nepal, is the temporary capital of this province.t

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Exploris
Exploris is a public aquarium situated in Portaferry, Northern Ireland. The facility is the only public aquarium in Northern Ireland and it is located on the shores of the Marine Nature reserve of Strangford Lough, which is an important winter migration destination for many wading and sea birds. The lough is home to almost 75% of the marine species found in Northern Ireland, including common seals, basking sharks and brent geese. Three quarters of the world population of pale bellied brent geese spend winter in the lough area. Exploris illustrates and exhibits the large variety of animals that live in Strangford Lough.

Exploris was closed in late 2014 for refurbishment. It reopened in August 2016 following an investment of close to £1.5m in refurbishment works by the operators, Crumlin Road Gaol Ltd., but also with the help of the Department of the Environment.

Brant (goose)
The brant or brent goose (Branta bernicla) is a small goose of the genus Branta. There are three subspecies, all of which winter along temperate-zone sea-coasts and breed on the high-Arctic tundra.

The Brent oilfield was named after the species.
Yoshiharu Kohayakawa
Yoshiharu Kohayakawa (Japanese: 小早川美晴; born 1963) is a Japanese-Brazilian mathematician working on discrete mathematics and probability theory. He is known for his work on Szemerédi's regularity lemma, which he extended to sparser graphs.

Szemerédi regularity lemma
In extremal graph theory, Szemerédi's regularity lemma  states that a graph can be partitioned into a bounded number of parts so that the edges between parts are regular (in the sense defined below). The lemma shows that certain properties of random graphs can be applied to dense graphs like counting the copies of a given subgraph within graphs. Endre Szemerédi proved the lemma over bipartite graphs for his theorem on arithmetic progressions in 1975 and for general graphs in 1978. Variants of the lemma use different notions of regularity and apply to other mathematical objects like hypergraphs.
These Days (Bon Jovi song)
"These Days" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released on February 26, 1996, by Mercury Records, as the fourth single from their sixth studio album, These Days (1995). It was written by Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora, and produced by them with Peter Collins. The single peaked at number seven in the United Kingdom and reached the top 10 in Lithuania.

Peter Collins (music producer)
Peter Julian Alexander Collins (14 January 1951 – 28 June 2024) was an English record producer, arranger, and audio engineer. He produced records by Gary Moore, Bon Jovi, Billy Squier, Rush, Air Supply, Alice Cooper, Nik Kershaw, Blancmange, Suicidal Tendencies, Queensrÿche, Indigo Girls, Nanci Griffith, Jermaine Stewart, Jane Wiedlin, October Project, The Cardigans, Rosetta Stone, Save Ferris, Josh Joplin, Tracey Ullman, Drake Bell, Ultraspank and The Brian Setzer Orchestra.
Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India
The Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India (CEA or Chief Economic Advisor of India) advises the government on economic matters and is responsible for the preparation of the Economic survey of India tabled in Parliament before the Union budget of India is presented.

The CEA holds the rank of a Secretary to the Government of India. The CEA is the ex-officio cadre-controlling authority of the Indian Economic Service. The CEA is head of Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Until 2009, the CEA’s position was a Union Public Service Commission appointment and until the 1970s almost all CEAs were members of the Indian Economic Service.

One CEA, Manmohan Singh went on to become the Prime Minister of India. Four CEAs have gone on to become the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India - I. G. Patel, Manmohan Singh, Bimal Jalan and Raghuram Rajan, and one (Rakesh Mohan) became the Deputy Governor of the RBI.

Ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ex officio is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic.

According to Robert's Rules of Order, the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly, the rights of an ex officio member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ex officio members may frequently abstain from voting.

Opposite notions are dual mandate, when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union, when two states share the same monarch.
Horace J. Bryant
Horace J. Bryant, Jr. (June 29, 1909 – April 13, 1983) was an African American civil rights activist, banking commissioner, and politician from New Jersey. As Commissioner of Banking and Insurance under Governor Richard J. Hughes, he was the first African American to serve in a State Cabinet position in the New Jersey government.

Government of New Jersey
The government of the State of New Jersey is separated into three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The powers of the State of New Jersey are vested by the Constitution of New Jersey, enacted in 1947, in a bicameral state legislature (consisting of the General Assembly and Senate), the Governor, and the state courts, headed the New Jersey Supreme Court.  The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of the state legislature, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.

Like most states, the state allows the incorporation of county, and other local municipal governments. The state capital is located in Trenton.
Bognera
Bognera is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The single species that makes up the genus is Bognera recondita. The word recondita means "hidden" referring to the fact that the plant is only found in remote areas of Amazonian Brazil near the Peruvian border. The species was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally placed in the genus Ulearum, as Ulearum reconditum Madison, Aroideana 3: 101 (1980).

In 1984, a new genus was created in Taxon vol.33 on page 690, and Bognera was named after the German Aroid specialist Josef Bogner (b. 1939), who was a botanist, director of the botanical garden in Munich and a specialist in Araceae.

Bognera is believed to be closely related to Dieffenbachia.

Taxon (journal)
Taxon is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering plant taxonomy. It is published by Wiley on behalf of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, of which it is the official journal. It was established in 1951 and is the only place where nomenclature proposals and motions to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (except for the rules concerning fungi) can be published. The editor-in-chief is Dirk C. Albach (University of Oldenburg).
Mags Maglana
Maria Victoria "Mags" Zafra Maglana, is a Filipino politician, NGO worker, and advocate known for her campaigns for the congressional seat of Davao City's 1st District in the 2022 and 2025 elections. She is recognized for her progressive platform and her challenge to the political dominance of the Duterte family in Davao City. Maglana has also been active in civil society and serves as a board member of Ateneo de Davao University (ADDU).

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.