hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ecosocial theory
Ecosocial theory, first proposed by name in 1994 by Nancy Krieger of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, is a broad and complex theory with the purpose of describing and explaining causal relationships in disease spread and distribution. While it incorporates biological and psychosocial influences on disease occurrence, the theory is also suited to analyze the relationships between social factors and disease development in public health research. The core constructs of ecosocial theory are: Embodiment; pathways to embodiment; the cumulative interplay between exposure, resistance, and susceptibility; and agency and accountability. Further, the theory specifies that all constructs must be considered in concert, as they work together in a synergistic explanation of disease distribution. The theory assumes that distributions of disease are determined at multiple levels and that analyses must incorporate historical, political-economic, temporal, and spatial factors.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
Appelpop
Appelpop is a two-day annual pop music festival in Tiel, in Gelderland, Netherlands, that is held in the second weekend of September.

The festival was inaugurated in 1992, and is hosted by the river Waal. It is the largest free multi-day festivals in the Netherlands, attracting over 160,000 visitors, and one of the best-known events in Tiel.

Every year, Appelpop attracts acts from the Netherlands. For example, VanVelzen, Bløf, Caro Emerald, Blaudzun, Nielson, Jett Rebel, Kensington, DeWolff, Typhoon,  Kraantje Pappie, De Staat, Skip&Die, Di-rect, Thomas Azier, Dotan, Chef'Special, John Coffey, Racoon, and Golden Earring.

The festival is characterized by its diverse programming: spread across four stages, it features pop artists, alternative music, and emerging (regional) bands. Two stages offer opportunities for dancing.

Blaudzun
Blaudzun is the stage name of the Dutch singer-songwriter Johannes Sigmond (Arnhem, Netherlands, 26 October 1974) who played for years in various bands and projects before pursuing a solo career in 2006.
Keisei AE100 series
The Keisei AE100 series (京成AE100形) was a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated between 1990 and 2016 by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway on Cityliner limited express services between Tokyo and Keisei Narita in Japan. First entering service in June 1990, the trains replaced the earlier AE series EMUs operating on Skyliner services providing a link between Tokyo and Narita Airport. They had a slant-nosed design with hidden headlamps.

Keisei Narita Station
Keisei Narita Station (京成成田駅, Keisei Narita-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the city of Narita, Chiba Prefecture Japan, operated by the private railway company, Keisei Electric Railway.
It is within walking distance of the JR East Narita Station.
Bile Ozero National Nature Park
Bile Ozero National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Білоозерський національний природний парк, lit. 'White Lake') is a protected area in Ukraine. It is shared between Boryspil Raion of Kyiv Oblast and Cherkasy Raion of Cherkasy Oblast. The park was created on 11 December 2009.

It was agreed in accordance with the established procedure to include 7014.44 hectares of state-owned land to be withdrawn from the State Organization "Forestry Bile Ozero", and provided to the national nature park for permanent use.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
Seraphim Space
Seraphim Space is a global investment firm specialising in space technology (SpaceTech). Headquartered in London, the company operates across the innovation lifecycle, investing in enterprises from early-stage development through to initial public offering (IPO). It manages multiple investment vehicles, including venture capital funds, a publicly listed investment trust, and an accelerator programme.

Space technology
Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures.

Many common everyday services for terrestrial use such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science benefit from space technology. New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.
Alan de Neville (forester)
Alan de Neville (sometimes Alan de Neuville; died c. 1176) was an English nobleman and administrator who held the office of chief forester under King Henry II of England. Before serving the king, Neville was an official of Waleran, Count of Meulan. In 1166, Neville was named chief forester, an office he held until his death. Besides his forest duties, Neville also supported the king during the Becket controversy, and was excommunicated twice by Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Neville was known for the harshness he displayed in carrying out his forest office, and at least one monastic chronicle claimed that he "most evilly vexed the various provinces throughout England".

Constitutions of Clarendon
The Constitutions of Clarendon were a set of legislative procedures enacted by Henry II of England in 1164. The Constitutions were composed of 16 articles and represented an attempt to restrict ecclesiastical privileges and to curb the power of the Church courts and the extent of papal authority in England. In the anarchic conditions of Henry II's predecessor, Stephen (reigned 1135–1154), the church had extended its jurisdiction by taking advantage of the weakness of royal authority. The Constitutions were claimed to restore the law as it was observed during the reign of Henry I (1100–1135).

The Constitutions take their name from Clarendon Palace, Wiltshire, the royal hunting lodge at which they were promulgated.
Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak
The Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START) was a nuclear fusion experiment that used magnetic confinement to hold plasma. START was the first full-sized machine to use the spherical tokamak design, which aimed to greatly reduce the aspect ratio of the traditional tokamak design.

The experiment began at the Culham Science Centre in the United Kingdom in 1990 and was retired in 1998. It was built as a low cost design, largely using parts already available to the START team. The START experiment revolutionized the tokamak by changing the previous toroidal shape into a tighter, almost spherical, doughnut shape. The new shape increased efficiency by reducing the cost over the conventional design, while the field required to maintain a stable plasma was a factor of 10 less.

Aspect ratio
The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".

The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two integer numbers separated by a colon (x:y), less commonly as a simple or decimal fraction. The values x and y do not represent actual widths and heights but, rather, the proportion between width and height. As an example, 8:5, 16:10, 1.6:1, 8⁄5 and 1.6 are all ways of representing the same aspect ratio.

In objects of more than two dimensions, such as hyperrectangles, the aspect ratio can still be defined as the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side.
House of Diligence
The House of Diligence (Russian: Дом трудолюбия) is a building at 114 Gogolevsky Lane in Taganrog that was built at the end of the 19th century. The house remained until the 21st century, but has now been converted into a domestic residence.

Taganrog
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 (2021 census); 257,681 (2010 census); 281,947 (2002 census); 291,622 (1989 Soviet census).

Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
Vector Product Format
Vector Product Format (VPF) is a military standard for vector-based digital map products produced by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). It has been adopted as part of the Digital Geographic Exchange Standard (DIGEST) in the form of Vector Relational Format (VRF), so VPF can be considered to be an international standard as well.

United States Military Standard
A United States defense standard, often called a military standard, "MIL-STD", "MIL-SPEC", or (informally) "MilSpecs", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the United States Department of Defense.

Standardization is beneficial in achieving interoperability, ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, total cost of ownership, compatibility with logistics systems, and similar defense-related objectives.

Defense standards are also used by other non-defense government organizations, technical organizations, and industry. This article discusses definitions, history, and usage of defense standards. Related documents, such as defense handbooks and defense specifications, are also addressed.
Olive Kobusingye
Olive Chifefe Kobusingye is a Ugandan consultant trauma surgeon, emergency surgeon, accident injury epidemiologist and academic, who serves as a Senior Research Fellow at both Makerere University School of Public Health and the Institute for Social and Health Sciences of the University of South Africa. She heads the Trauma, Injury, & Disability (TRIAD) Project at Makerere University School of Public Health, where she coordinates the TRIAD graduate courses.

Makerere University School of Public Health
Makerere University School of Public Health (MUSPH) is one of the schools that comprise the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university.
Ofe Ujuju
Ofe Ujuju is a local dish from Ika people of the Niger Delta part of Nigeria. The soup is popular among the Ika and Agbor people of Delta State.

The soup is made with ujuju leaves (Myrianthus arboreus, commonly known as "monkey fruit"), meats, fish, black pepper and seasoning cubes.

It is served with eba, akpun, Semovita (a glutinous flour derived from semolina wheat), and pounded yam.

Myrianthus arboreus
Myrianthus arboreus, commonly known as the giant yellow mulberry or monkey fruit, is a dioecious tropical tree in the genus Myrianthus. It lives in the tropical Central African countries of Central African Republic, Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Tanzania, and also Ghana in the West African countries. Its chromosome count is 2n = 28.

It is locally known as nyankama among the Asante people of Ghana, and ekanhou in Eastern Gabon.
Grindavík (women's basketball)
The Grindavík women's basketball team, commonly known as Grindavík or UMFG for short, is the women's basketball department of Ungmennafélag Grindavíkur multi-sport club, based in the town of Grindavík in Iceland.  It won the national championship in 1997 and the Icelandic Basketball Cup in 2008 and 2015.

Ungmennafélag Grindavíkur
Ungmennafélag Grindavíkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈuŋkˌmɛnːaˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ ˈkrɪntaˌviːkʏr̥], lit. 'Grindavík Youth Club'), commonly known as UMFG or Grindavík, is a multi-sport club in Grindavík, Iceland. It has active departments of football, basketball, judo,  swimming, taekwondo and gymnastic.
VS-AT4 mine
The VS-AT4 and VS-AT4-EL are Italian minimum metal blast resistant anti-tank blast mines. The VS-AT4 uses a blast-resistant mechanical pressure fuze. In contrast, the VS-AT4-EL uses a programmable electronic pressure fuze with an integral anti-lifting function.

The electronic fuze in the VS-AT4 has an active life of between one hour and one year, which can be set in one-hour increments, at the end of which the mine will either self-destruct or disarm itself.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Least squares conformal map
A least squares conformal map (LSCM) is quasiconformal mesh parameterisation method which produces a 2D representation (conformal map) of a 3D surface based on the least squares approximation of the Cauchy-Riemann equations. By using the map as a guide when creating a new 2D image, the colors of the 2D image can be applied to the original 3D model.

LSCM is used in computer graphics as a method of producing a UV map from a polygonal mesh to a texture map such that the shape of the polygons as mapped to the texture is relatively undistorted.

Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a term used in computer graphics to describe how 2D images are projected onto 3D models. The most common variant is the UV unwrap, which can be described as an inverse paper cutout, where the surfaces of a 3D model are cut apart so that it can be unfolded into a 2D coordinate space (UV space).
Campylobacter hyointestinalis
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a species of Campylobacter implicated as a pathogen in gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in humans. It has been known to be transmitted from its usual host, the pig, to humans. In pigs, it is usually associated with proliferative ileitis, and found in conjunction with other species of that genus; however, it has also been isolated from hamster and cattle feces. It is catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-positive in the TSI slant, glycine-tolerant, and intolerant to 3.0% sodium chloride. It is able to grow at 25 °C, is sensitive to cephalothin, and resistant to nalidixic acid.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Epichloë canadensis
Epichloë canadensis is a hybrid asexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë.

A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 2012, Epichloë canadensis is a natural allopolyploid of Epichloë amarillans and Epichloë elymi.

Epichloë canadensis is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Elymus canadensis.

Elymus canadensis
Elymus canadensis, synonyms including Elymus wiegandii, commonly known as Canada wild rye or Canadian wildrye, is a species of wild rye native to much of North America. It is most abundant in the central plains and Great Plains. It grows in a number of ecosystems, including woodlands, savannas, dunes, and prairies, sometimes in areas that have been disturbed.
2002 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2002 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship ran from 19 May to 22 September 2002.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Waterford in the Munster semi-final.

The All-Ireland final replay was played at St. Brendan's Park in Birr on 21 September 2002 between Galway and Tipperary, in what was their first meeting in the final in two years. Galway won the match by 2-15 to 1-10 to claim a second All-Ireland title overall and a first title in three years.

Galway's Brian Cunningham was the championship's top scorer with 1-30.

Waterford GAA
The Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Phort Láirge) or Waterford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for all levels of Gaelic games in County Waterford. The County Board is also responsible for the Waterford county teams. The county board's offices are based at Walsh Park in the city of Waterford. The Waterford County Board was founded in 1886.

Hurling is the dominant sport, with the county having won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) on two occasions: in 1948 and 1959. While football is the secondary sport in the county, it is widely played nonetheless. Waterford's greatest footballing achievement was reaching the 1898 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, which the team lost to Dublin.
Oweniasuchus
Oweniasuchus is an extinct genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian. Remains have been found from England and Portugal that are Cretaceous in age.

The type species of Oweniasuchus is O. major from the Early Cretaceous Upper Purbeck Group in Beccles, England. It is known from a mandibular ramus that was first described as Brachydectes minor by Richard Owen in 1879. Because the generic name Brachydectes was preoccupied by the Carboniferous amphibian Brachydectes, the species was reassigned to the new genus Oweniasuchus by Arthur Smith Woodward in 1885, along with another species, B. minor, also described by Owen from material from Beccles. Recently, O. major has been considered a nomen dubium because the holotype specimen (BMNH 48304) is too fragmentary to provide an adequate diagnosis. O. minor has since been proposed to be a synonym of the atoposaurid Theriosuchus pusillus. Two other species, O. lusitanicus and O. pulchelus, are known from the Late Cretaceous of Portugal.

Arthur Smith Woodward
Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, FRS (23 May 1864 – 2 September 1944) was an English palaeontologist, known as a world expert in fossil fish. He also described the Piltdown Man fossils, which were later determined to be fraudulent. He is not related to Henry Woodward, whom he replaced as curator of the Geology Department of the British Museum of Natural History.
Peter III de Brus
Peter de Brus (died 18 September 1272), Lord of Skelton, Danby, Kirkby, Constable of Scarborough Castle, was an English noble.

He was the son of Peter II de Brus and Hawise de Lancaster. Peter married Hillaria, daughter of Peter de Maulay, Lord of Mulgrave and Isabella de Thornham and died without issue on 18 September 1272. His properties were split between his sisters, Agnes, the wife of Walter de Faucunberge, 
Margaret, the wife of Robert de Ros, Ladereyna, the wife of John de Bellew, and Lucy, the wife of Marmaduke de Twenge. Agnes received Skelton, Marske, Upleatham and Kirkleatham. Lucy received Yarm, Danby and Brotton. Margaret received half the barony of Kendall. Ladereyna received Carlton and Kentmere.

Kirkleatham
Kirkleatham is an area of Redcar in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 4+1⁄2 miles (7 kilometres) north-northwest of Guisborough, and three miles (five kilometres) south of Redcar centre. It was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086.

The area has a collection of buildings that formed the Turner Estate, named after the Turner family who lived in the area from 1661. It has one of the best collections of Georgian-style buildings in England.
Culture of San Antonio
The culture of San Antonio reflects the history and culture of one of the state's oldest and largest cities straddling the regional and cultural divide between South and Central Texas. Historically, San Antonio culture comes from a blend of Central Texas (Hill Country) and South Texas (Southwestern) culture. Founded as a Spanish outpost and the first civil settlement in Texas, San Antonio is heavily influenced by Mexican American culture due to Texas formerly being part of Mexico and, previously, the Spanish Empire. The city also has significant German, Anglo, and African American cultural influences. San Antonio offers a host of cultural institutions, events, restaurants and nightlife in South Texas for both residents and visitors alike.

University of Texas at San Antonio
The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA or UT San Antonio) is a public research university in San Antonio, Texas. Established in 1969, UTSA is the largest university in San Antonio and the third-largest public research university in Texas by annual research expenditures, enrolling approximately 38,200 students across six campuses spanning about 1,200 acres.

UT San Antonio is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity", a status held by 187 of the approximately 4,000 degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the U.S., representing about 4.7% of universities nationwide. UTSA generates $7 billion in annual economic impact.

Student-athletes compete as the UTSA Roadrunners and are members of the American Conference. The football team, which was founded in 2009, previously competed in Conference USA, the WAC, and as a Football Championship Subdivision independent.