hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
In 1971, the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme Islamist far-right militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the genocidal massacre of Bengali intellectuals during the Bangladesh War of 1971. Bengali intellectuals were abducted, tortured, and killed during the entire duration of the war as part of the Bangladesh genocide. However, the largest number of systematic executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, two dates that bookend the conflict. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.

Genocidal massacre
The term genocidal massacre was introduced by Leo Kuper (1908–1994) to describe incidents which have a genocidal component but are committed on a smaller scale when they are compared to genocides such as the Rwandan genocide. Others such as Robert Melson, who also makes a similar differentiation, class genocidal massacres as "partial genocide".
1937 Hemel Hempstead by-election
The 1937 Hemel Hempstead by-election was held on 22 June 1937. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, J. C. C. Davidson. It was won by the Conservative candidate, his wife Frances Davidson, Viscountess Davidson.

Frances Davidson, Viscountess Davidson
Frances Joan Davidson, Viscountess Davidson, Baroness Northchurch, DBE (née Dickinson; 29 May 1894 – 25 November 1985), styled Lady Davidson between 1935 and 1937 and as Viscountess Davidson between 1937 and 1985, was a British Conservative Party politician.
Electoral district of Kingborough
The electoral district of Kingborough was an electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in the region to the immediate south of Tasmania's capital city, Hobart, and included the Huon Valley towns of Cygnet, Huonville, Kettering, Margate and Sandfly.

The seat was created as a single-member seat ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856. In 1886, it became a two-member seat and absorbed the neighbouring seat of Queenborough, whose member, Edward Crowther, was to win one of the seats at each of the three elections held under this system. At the 1897 election, Queenborough was recreated and Kingborough returned to being a single-member seat. It was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model for the entire state in 1909.

Kettering, Tasmania
Kettering is a small coastal town in southern Tasmania, Australia, located on the D'Entrecasteaux Channel approximately 32 km (20 mi) south of Hobart. Part of the Municipality of Kingborough, it lies within the greater Hobart metropolitan area and serves as a departure point for the Bruny Island Ferry. At the 2021 census, Kettering had a population of 943 people.

Sheltered by Bruny Island, Kettering is known for its marinas, artistic community, and scenic waterfront. Kettering has two major marinas, South Haven Marina and Oyster Cove Marina, as well as numerous private jetties and moorings, with an estimated 400 boats based in the area.

The area has a longstanding association with orcharding, particularly apples, cherries, and pears, and continues to support marine-based industries and rural properties. Its proximity to Hobart has also made it popular with commuters and those seeking a quieter lifestyle.
The Journey (Tina Guo album)
The Journey is the second studio album by Tina Guo. It was released on December 12, 2011. The album featured the Budapest Symphony Orchestra and the composers from Nuno Malo, Frédéric Chopin and Astor Piazzolla.

Astor Piazzolla
Astor Pantaleón Piazzolla (Latin American Spanish: [asˈtoɾ pjaˈsola], Italian: [pjatˈtsɔlla]; March 11, 1921 – July 4, 1992) was an Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player, and arranger. His works revolutionized the traditional tango into a new style termed nuevo tango, incorporating elements from jazz and classical music. A virtuoso bandoneonist, he regularly performed his own compositions with a variety of ensembles.
In 1992, American music critic Stephen Holden described Piazzolla as "the world's foremost composer of Tango music".
Galleywood Common
Galleywood Common is a 44.6 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Chelmsford in Essex, near the village of Galleywood. It is owned and managed by Chelmsford City Council.

Galleywood Common was recorded in the Domesday Book. Its diverse habitats include heathland, woodland, scrub, grassland, ponds and mire. It has a wide variety of fauna.

London Hill and Margaretting Road go through the common.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Bazré
Bazré is a town in south-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Sinfra Department in Marahoué Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District. The town is seven kilometres west of the border of Yamoussoukro Autonomous District and 12 kilometres northwest of the Gôh-Djiboua–Sassandra-Marahoué–Yamoussoukro tripoint.

Bazré was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Bazré was 34,781.

Marahoué
Marahoué Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast and is one of two regions in Sassandra-Marahoué District. The region's seat is Bouaflé. The region's area is 8,680 km2, and its population in the 2021 census was 981,180.
The Jack Benny Program season 1
The first season of The Jack Benny Program consisted of four episodes, during 1950 and 1951.  This premiere television season of The Jack Benny Program overlapped with his radio program of the same name, which would continue until 1955, whereas this television program would last until 1965.

Jack Benny was the show's host, creator and star.  Because he was unwilling to commit to the still-new technology of television on a weekly basis, the first television season of The Jack Benny Program did not include any more than these four sporadically scheduled special episodes; each was broadcast live as was typical during the Golden Age of Television. It was not until season 5 that the program would settle into a regular biweekly time slot.  The program was broadcast on CBS (until its final season), and the theme song is "Love in Bloom".

Golden Age of Television
The first Golden Age of Television is an era of television in the United States marked by its large number of live productions. The period is generally recognized as beginning in 1947 with the first episode of the drama anthology Kraft Television Theater and ending in 1960 with the final episode of Playhouse 90, although a few Golden Age shows and stars continued into the 1960s. The Golden Age was followed by the network era, wherein television audiences and programming had shifted to less critically acclaimed fare, almost all of it taped or filmed.
Santa Ana Branch
The Santa Ana Branch is a Union Pacific railroad line in California, running between Los Angeles County and Orange County. The freight railroad connects the industrial areas of the Gateway Cities to the Surf Line and Alameda Corridor while facilitating further links to Huntington Beach and Costa Mesa. Union Pacific operates the line as several segments. The route is designated as the Patata Industrial Lead between the connection with the Alameda Corridor at Firestone and the junction with the Los Nietos Subdivision at Studebaker. The modern Santa Ana Industrial Branch continues southeast from Studebaker to the connection with the Surf Line near Anaheim Stadium. An additional segment south of Santa Ana runs along the Santa Ana and Newport Railway right of way as far as Dyer, where the tracks turn west to run along the former Pacific Electric Santa Ana–Huntington Beach Line into Costa Mesa.

Costa Mesa, California
Costa Mesa (/ˌkoʊstə ˈmeɪsə/ KOH-stə MAY-sə; Spanish for 'Mesa Coast') is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The population was 111,918 at the 2020 census.
Richard Owen (rugby league)
Richard Owen (born 25 April 1990) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a fullback or on the wing.

He has played for Featherstone Lions ALRFC, Westgate Redoubt ARLFC, Castleford Tigers, Keighley Cougars (loan), Wakefield Trinity Wildcats (two spells, first one on loan), Leigh Centurions and Doncaster in Kingstone Press League 1.

Keighley Cougars
The Keighley Cougars are a professional rugby league club from Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The club play home games at Cougar Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Keighley have never won a major honour. Their main rivals are Bradford Bulls.
Florence Griswold Museum
The Florence Griswold Museum is an art museum at 96 Lyme Street in Old Lyme, Connecticut whose centerpiece is the former home of Florence Griswold (1850–1937). The house was once the epicenter of the Old Lyme Art Colony whose members (many of whom were Griswold's boarders) played an
important role in the development of American Impressionism. The museum is noteworthy for its collection of American Impressionist paintings and a 12-acre site that includes contemporary and historic buildings, gardens, and walking trails.

Childe Hassam
Frederick Childe Hassam (/ˈtʃaɪld ˈhæsəm/; October 17, 1859 – August 27, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionism to American collectors, dealers, and museums. He produced over 3,000 paintings, oils, watercolors, etchings, and lithographs over the course of his career, and was an influential American artist of the early 20th century.
Jacques Bascou
Jacques Bascou (born 13 March 1953 in Castelnaudary, Aude) was a member of the National Assembly of France and represented Aude's 2nd constituency from 1997 to 2012. The mayor of Narbonne, he is a member of the Socialist Party and belongs to the SRC parliamentary group.

Castelnaudary
Castelnaudary (French: [kastɛlnodɑʁi] ⓘ; Occitan: Castèlnòu d'Arri) is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France. It is located in the former province of the Lauragais and famous for cassoulet of which it claims to be the world capital, and of which it is a major producer.
Patricia Chozas y Chozas
Olga Patricia Chozas y Chozas (born 8 October 1974) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. She has served as Deputy of the LVIII and LX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Durango.

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo ˈβeɾðe ekoloˈxista ðe ˈmexiko], PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez.
It has seldom received more than 10% of the vote nationwide, but in the 21st century has joined alliances with different major parties  (PAN in the federal elections of 2000,  PRI from 2003 to 2018, and most recently Morena from 2019 on).

It is not recognized as a fellow green party by the European Green Party, and is known for its heavy use of advertising, and for (at times) taking stances on issues not usually associated with the international Green movement (such as support for capital punishment and extension of school hours).
IC 5325
IC 5325 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Phoenix. The galaxy lies about 70 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that IC 5325 is approximately 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by Lewis Swift in 1897.

Lewis A. Swift
Lewis A. Swift (February 29, 1820 – January 5, 1913) was an American astronomer who discovered 13 comets and 1,248 previously uncatalogued nebulae. Only William Herschel discovered more nebulae visually.
Théophile Rudolphe Studer
Théophile Rudolphe Studer or Theophil Studer (27 November 1845 – 12 February 1922) was a Swiss ornithologist and marine biologist. He worked on the collections made on the voyage of the SMS Gazelle and produced a catalogue of the birds of the Switzerland. Another major work was on the study of dog skeletons associated with prehistoric human settlements. He worked as a professor of zoology at the University of Bern from 1873.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Afinogenov
Afinogenov is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Inna Afinogenova (born 1989), a Russian journalist

Alexander Afinogenov (1904–1941), a Russian playwright

Denis Afinogenov (born 1974), a Russian ice hockey player
Ekaterina Afinogenova (born 1987), a Russian tennis player, sister of Maxim
Maxim Afinogenov (born 1979), a Russian ice hockey player, brother of Ekaterina

Maxim Afinogenov
Maxim Sergeyevich Afinogenov (Макси́м Серге́евич Афиноге́нов, IPA: [mɐkˈsʲim sʲɪrˈɡejɪvʲɪtɕ ɐfʲɪnɐˈɡʲenəf]; born September 4, 1979) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. Known for his skating speed, he was drafted by the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Buffalo Sabres in the third round, 69th overall, in 1997 and played nine seasons with the club. He then played one season with the Atlanta Thrashers before signing and finishing his career in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Tverskoy, Russia
Tverskoy (Russian: Тверской; masculine), Tverskaya (Тверская; feminine), or Tverskoye (Тверское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Tverskoy (rural locality), a khutor in Novopashkovsky Rural Okrug of Krylovsky District in Krasnodar Krai; 46°25′N 40°16′E﻿ / ﻿46.417°N 40.267°E﻿ / 46.417; 40.267

Tverskoye, Dmitrovskoye Rural Settlement, Selizharovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Dmitrovskoye Rural Settlement of Selizharovsky District in Tver Oblast

Tverskoye, Selishchenskoye Rural Settlement, Selizharovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Selishchenskoye Rural Settlement of Selizharovsky District in Tver Oblast

Tverskaya (rural locality), a stanitsa in Tverskoy Rural Okrug of Apsheronsky District in Krasnodar Krai; 44°36′N 39°37′E﻿ / ﻿44.600°N 39.617°E﻿ / 44.600; 39.617

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
1886 Battersea by-election
The 1886 Battersea by-election was held on 1 March 1886 after the incumbent Liberal MP, Octavius Vaughan Morgan resigned to seek re-election to pre-empt disqualification.  He was returned unopposed.

At the 1885 general election Morgan was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Battersea. His right to sit was questioned in 1886, as his family company Morgan Crucible held government contracts, from which he had disassociated himself before his nomination. Morgan took the Manor of Northstead to resign from Parliament until the question was settled, and was returned unopposed at the ensuing by-election in March 1886. He held the seat at the general election in July 1886, and sat for Battersea until 1892.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Life (The Cardigans album)
Life is the second studio album by Swedish pop rock band the Cardigans. It was released worldwide in 1995 and was an international success, especially in Japan, where it achieved platinum status. Outside of Sweden and Japan (where debut Emmerdale had been released in 1994), it was released as their first album: a compilation of tracks from both Emmerdale and Life. It was released in the United States under the label Minty Fresh Records.

Minty Fresh
Minty Fresh is a Chicago-based record label founded in 1993 by Jim Powers and Anthony Musiala. The label is known for launching the career of Veruca Salt. They also gave the Swedish band The Cardigans their first US release and released the debut single by Liz Phair. Minty Fresh also owns the Mini Fresh label, which produces children's music.
Thatcher: The Final Days
Thatcher: The Final Days is a 1991 British television film about the events surrounding the final few days of Margaret Thatcher's time as Prime Minister. The film was written by Richard Maher, directed by Tim Sullivan and starred Sylvia Syms in the role of Thatcher. The film was produced for ITV by Granada Television and first shown on ITV on Wednesday 11 September 1991 at 9:00pm.

The film was released on DVD in 2007.

Richard Maher
Richard Maher is a British screenwriter, author and playwright. Born in Bristol in 1957, he graduated from Queens' College, Cambridge in 1979. His television work includes writing for Pie in the Sky and Taggart, and co-creating the ITV1 drama Making Waves with Ted Childs.
Dicey Morris & Collins
Dicey, Morris & Collins on the Conflict of Laws (often simply Dicey, Morris & Collins, or even just Dicey & Morris) is the leading English law textbook on the conflict of laws (ISBN 978-0-414-02453-3).  It has been described as the "gold standard" in terms of academic writing on the subject, and the "foremost authority on private international law".

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Jan-Krzysztof Duda
Jan-Krzysztof Duda (Polish: [ˈjan ˌkʂɨʂtɔf ˈduda] ⓘ; born 26 April 1998) is a Polish chess grandmaster. A prodigy, he achieved the grandmaster title in 2013 at the age of 15 years and 21 days. As of December 2025, he is ranked No. 1 in Poland and No. 21 in the world. His personal best  rating of 2760 makes him the highest ranked Polish player of all time.

Duda won the Polish Championship in 2018 and the Chess World Cup in 2021. He is a bronze medallist at the European Team Chess Championship in 2021 and he also competed in the Candidates Tournament 2022 finishing seventh. He was awarded the Golden Cross of Merit for his achievements in chess.

Chess prodigy
A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become grandmasters or even World Chess Champions.
Aortopulmonary window
Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a faulty connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery that results in a significant left-to-right shunt. The aortopulmonary window is the rarest of septal defects, accounting for 0.15-0.6% of all congenital heart malformations. An aortopulmonary window can develop alone or in up to 50% of cases alongside other cardiac defects such as interrupted aortic arch, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of great vessels, and tetralogy of Fallot.

Vascular resistance
Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome for blood to flow through the circulatory system. The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance or may sometimes be called by another term total peripheral resistance, while the resistance caused by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance. Vasoconstriction (i.e., decrease in the diameter of arteries and arterioles) increases resistance, whereas vasodilation (increase in diameter) decreases resistance. Blood flow and cardiac output are related to blood pressure and inversely related to vascular resistance.
New Brighton Villa F.C.
New Brighton Villa Football Club was a Welsh football team based in New Brighton in Flintshire, north-east Wales.  The team last played in the North East Wales Football League Premier Division, which is at the fourth tier of the Welsh football league system.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.