hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death of Michael Stewart
Michael Jerome Stewart (May 9, 1958 – September 28, 1983) was an African-American man arrested by New York City Transit Police officers for writing graffiti in soft-tip marker or using an aerosol can on a New York City Subway wall at the First Avenue station. His treatment while in police custody and the ensuing trials of the arresting officers (all of whom were acquitted) sparked debate concerning police brutality and the responsibilities of arresting officials in handling suspects.

Word of the arrest came out on September 15, 1983, as the Committee Against Racially Motivated Police Violence was holding a news conference to publicize a United States Congress hearing into complaints of police abuse. Stewart had been arrested earlier that day. He died at age 25, on September 28, after 13 days in a coma. The cause of death was listed as cardiac arrest.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Band of the Royal Air Force College
The Band of the Royal Air Force College is based at RAF Cranwell and is one of three established bands in the Royal Air Force.  It is the music ensemble of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.

Formed in 1920 and based at RAF Cranwell, the Band of the Royal Air Force College is now one of three established Bands in the RAF. Originally formed to support the Royal Air Force College, the band is now administered by RAF Music Services. In addition to its duties at Cranwell, the Band takes part in major events such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace and the Edinburgh Tattoo as well as a busy schedule of services and charity engagements.

Royal Air Force Swing Wing is the big band of The Band of the RAF College.

Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo
The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo is an annual series of military tattoos performed by British Armed Forces, Commonwealth and international military bands, and artistic performance teams on the Esplanade of Edinburgh Castle in the capital of Scotland. The event is held each August as one of the Edinburgh Festivals.
Arthur Tappan
Arthur Tappan (May 22, 1786 – July 23, 1865) was an American businessman, philanthropist and abolitionist. He was the brother of Ohio Senator Benjamin Tappan and abolitionist Lewis Tappan, and nephew of Harvard Divinity School theologian Rev. David Tappan.: 37

He was a great-grandfather of Thornton Wilder.

Harvard Divinity School
Harvard Divinity School (HDS) is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school's mission is to educate its students either in the academic study of religion or for leadership roles in religion, government, and service. It also caters to students from other Harvard schools that are interested in the former field. HDS is among a small group of university-based, non-denominational divinity schools in the United States.
Geophilus monoporus
Geophilus monoporus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Tiba, Japan. This species can reach 45 mm in length and has 87 pairs of legs. The species name refers to the single pore at the base of each of the ultimate legs.

Ultimate legs
Ultimate legs are a pair of modified rear legs unique to centipedes. Although they do not aid in locomotion, ultimate legs possess a variety of uses, and their morphology varies accordingly.

Sexual dimorphism is frequently present.
Norway at the FIFA World Cup
Norway has participated in the qualification for 18 FIFA World Cup tournaments and reached the finals four times, in 1938, 1994, 1998 and 2026. They have the peculiar distinction of not losing any matches unless it was to Italy during the finals phase (losing to Italy in 1938 during round 1 in a straight knockout tie, being eliminated in the 1994 group stage from having the fewest number of goals scored after defeating Mexico, losing to Italy and drawing 0–0 with the Republic of Ireland which resulted in all four teams having 4 points and a 0 goal difference, and in 1998 drew with Scotland and Morocco before coming from behind to defeat Brazil 2–1 to advance to the round of 16 where they were defeated by Italy).

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Reduction strategy
In rewriting, a reduction strategy or rewriting strategy is a relation specifying a rewrite for each object or term, compatible with a given reduction relation. Some authors use the term to refer to an evaluation strategy.

Tree traversal
In computer science, tree traversal (also known as tree search and walking the tree) is a form of graph traversal and refers to the process of visiting (e.g. retrieving, updating, or deleting) each node in a tree data structure, exactly once. Such traversals are classified by the order in which the nodes are visited. The following algorithms are described for a binary tree, but they may be generalized to other trees as well.
Billy Redmayne
Billy Redmayne (6 February 1991 – 19 April 2016) was a Manx soldier and motorcycle racer.

A native of Laxey, he served in the Parachute Regiment and completed three tours in Afghanistan. He won the Newcomers Manx Grand Prix in 2014 and the Junior Manx Grand Prix a year later.

On 17 April 2016 he was involved in an accident at the Oliver's Mount Spring Cup in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. He was taken by ambulance to Scarborough hospital then airlifted to James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough. He died aged 25, with his family around him and on his second anniversary with partner Hannah Wright, who said that he had died doing what he loved. His brain injuries were too severe for him to recover, and his partner and family made a decision for his life support to be switched off and his organs donated.

Redmayne was due to debut at the Isle of Man TT in the summer of 2016.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Wooster Nagar
Wooster Nagar is the name of a small fishing village in Chengalpattu district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.  Dedicated 3 January 2007, the village consists of 26 homes built with funds donated by citizens of Wooster, Ohio USA. In recognition of these donations, the village residents renamed their village Wooster Nagar. "Nagar" is from Sanskrit and means city.

The village is located at Pudupattinam, just inland from the Indian Ocean coastline, an hour south of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu.  Village residents, employed as inland waters fishermen, saw their nearby homes completely destroyed by the December 2004 tsunami which hit, among other areas, the eastern coast of India.

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Idrovia Ferrarese
The Idrovia Ferrarese (waterway of Ferrara) is a 70 km stretch of navigable water in the Italian Province of Ferrara, falling within the Po Delta Park. It links the river Po at Pontelagoscuro (frazione of Ferrara) to the Adriatic at Porto Garibaldi (frazione of Comacchio). The waterway, which is navigable by motor boats, is constituted by the Boicelli Canal from Pontelagoscuro to Ferrara (5.5 km), the Volano branch of the Po from Ferrara to Fiscaglia di Migliarino (34.5 km) and the Migliarino-Porto Garibaldi Canal from Migliarino to the sea (30 km).

Comacchio
Comacchio (Italian: [koˈmakkjo]; Comacchiese: Cmâc' [kˈmaːts]) is a town and comune of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from the provincial capital Ferrara. It was founded about two thousand years ago; across its history it was first governed by the Exarchate of Ravenna, then by the Duchy of Ferrara, and eventually returned to be part of the territories of the Papal States. For its landscape and its history, it is considered one of the major centres of the Po delta. Comacchio is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta."
Wasserschutzpolizei
The Wasserschutzpolizei (German: [ˈvasɐʃʊt͡spoliˌt͡saɪ̯] ⓘ, WSP - literally translated "Water Protection Police" in German) is the river police that patrols the waterways, lakes and harbours of Germany around the clock.  The WSP are part of the Landespolizei (State Police). The Federal Police (Bundespolizei or BPOL) maintains 16 patrol craft and helicopters are part of the Coast Guard (Küstenwache) and assigned to coastal BPOL stations. The watercraft include six offshore patrol vessels, e.g. those of the Bad Bramstedt class, as well as a number of fast inshore vessels and one tugboat.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Luhandre Luus
Luhandre Luus (born 13 November 1995 in Cape Town) is a South African-born Italian rugby union player.
His usual position is as a Hooker and he currently plays Petrarca Padova in Italian Serie A Elite.

In 2017–18 Pro14 and 2018–19 Pro14 seasons, he played for Zebre in Pro 14, first to pass to Valorugby Emilia in Top12, where he played for it until 2023.

After playing for Italy Under 20 in 2015, in 2016 and 2018 he also was named in the Emerging Italy squad.

Italy national under-20 rugby union team
The Italy national under-20 rugby union team has competed in both the IRB Junior World Championship and IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy. They were one of four teams relegated in 2009 to the Junior World Trophy after finishing at the bottom of the tournament. They were again promoted to the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship after winning the 2010 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy.

Italy finished in last place at the 2012 IRB Junior World Championship and had again been relegated to the Junior World Trophy for 2013. Then they won the 2013 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy so Italy participated in the 2014 IRB Junior World Championship that was played in New Zealand.

Since 2008, its first edition, they participate in the Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
Download It
"Download It" is the debut single by English girl group Clea. It was released in the UK on 22 September 2003 and just missed the top 20 charting at No. 21. The single was performed on Top of the Pops and appears on their international debut album, Identity Crisis. The song was re-recorded for their UK debut album Trinity, although Morgan's vocals were not added, likely due to her departure from the band in 2004.

Clea (group)
Clea are an English girl group whose members met on the television show Popstars: The Rivals in 2002. Chloe Morgan (née Staines), Lynsey Brown, Emma Beard and Aimee Kearsley decided to form a band after they were voted off the series. The name 'Clea' is an acronym of the first letter of each member's name.
Thonet
Thonet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Bonnet, née Thonet (1908–1960), Belgian painter

Michael Thonet (1796–1871), German–Austrian cabinet maker
Gebrüder Thonet, furniture manufacturer founded by Michael Thonet

Gebrüder Thonet
Gebrüder Thonet, or the Thonet Brothers, was a European furniture manufacturer. Three firms descended from the original company remain active today: Thonet GmbH in Germany, Thonet Vienna in Austria, and TON in the Czech Republic.
Compliance constants
Compliance constants are the elements of an inverted Hessian matrix. The calculation of compliance constants provides an alternative description of chemical bonds in comparison with the widely used force constants explicitly ruling out the dependency on the coordinate system. They provide the unique description of the mechanical strength for covalent and non-covalent bonding. While force constants (as energy second derivatives) are usually given in aJ/Å2 or N/cm, compliance constants are given in Å2/aJ or Å / mdyn.

Hessian matrix
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix, Hessian or (less commonly) Hesse matrix is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse and later named after him. Hesse originally used the term "functional determinants". The Hessian is sometimes denoted by H or  or  or  or .
Suspense Magazine
Suspense Magazine was a fiction magazine which published four issues in 1951 and 1952.  The editor was Theodore Irwin.  The magazine included science fiction, fantasy, mystery, and weird fiction.  Many of the stories were reprints, including science fiction from A.E. van Vogt, Ray Bradbury, and Theodore Sturgeon, and fantasy by William Hope Hodgson, Ambrose Bierce, and Arthur Quiller-Couch.  The Fall 1951 issue included Fritz Leiber's "Dark Vengeance", a story in his Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser series.

Arthur Quiller-Couch
Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (/ˌkwɪlərˈkuːtʃ/; 21 November 1863 – 12 May 1944) was an English writer who published using the pseudonym Q. Although a prolific novelist, he is remembered mainly for the monumental publication The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250–1900 (later extended to 1918) and for his literary criticism. He influenced many who never met him, including American writer Helene Hanff, author of 84, Charing Cross Road and its sequel, Q's Legacy. His The Oxford Book of English Verse was a favourite of John Mortimer's fictional character Horace Rumpole.
Riva-Agüero Institute
The Riva-Agüero Institute (Spanish: Instituto Riva-Agüero, IRA) is an institute created in 1947 by the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, named after its benefactor, José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma. Located in the Casona Riva-Agüero of the historic centre of Lima, where Riva-Agüero lived until his dath, it serves a research centre for the human sciences that in 1955 reached the category of "School of Higher Studies" (Spanish: Escuela de Altos Estudios). It is divided into six research sections: Archaeology, Law, Ethnology, philosophy, Language and Literature, and History.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Halkin (surname)
The surname Halkin may have several possible origins. It may be derived from the diminutive Halkin produced by adding the diminutive suffix "-kin" to the pet name "Hal" for Henry. It may be a Polish-Jewish matronymic surname derived from the first name Halka (Галька), a diminutive/deprecative form of Halina/Galina. It may also be an English transliteration of the Belarusian or Ukrainian form of the Russian surname Galkin.

Notable people with the surname include:

Adele Halkin, a plaintiff of the Halkin v. Helms case, United States

Hillel Halkin

Oleh Halkin

Simon Halkin

Léon Halkin

Léon-Ernest Halkin

Shmuel Halkin

Barry Halkin, musician from  The Notekillers

Matronymic
A matronymic is a personal name or a parental name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic. Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames. In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Additionally, if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname, which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged.
Binibining Pilipinas 2008
Binibining Pilipinas 2008 was the 45th edition of Binibining Pilipinas. It took place at the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines on March 8, 2008.

At the end of the event, Anna Teresa Licaros crowned Jennifer Barrientos as Binibining Pilipinas Universe 2008, Margaret Wilson crowned Janina San Miguel as Binibining Pilipinas World 2008, and Nadia Lee Cien Shami crowned Patricia Fernandez as Binibining Pilipinas International 2008. Danielle Castaño was named First Runner-Up and Elizabeth Jacqueline Nacuspag was named 2nd Runner-Up.

For personal reasons including the death of her grandfather, Janina San Miguel resigned her title as Binibining Pilipinas World 2008 in September 2008. The title was automatically transferred to the first runner-up, Danielle Castaño who went on to represent the Philippines at the Miss World 2008 pageant.

Maggie Wilson
Margaret Nales Wilson (born March 15, 1989) is a Filipino-British model, beauty pageant titleholder, television presenter, entrepreneur, and former actress. She was crowned Binibining Pilipinas World 2007 and went on to represent the Philippines at Miss World 2007.

She won the fifth season (2016) of The Amazing Race Asia with teammate Parul Shah. In 2017, she presented the second cycle of Philippines' Next Top Model.
District superintendent (Methodism)
A district superintendent (DS), also known as a presiding elder, in many Methodist denominations, is a minister (specifically an elder) who serves in a supervisory position over a geographic "district" of churches (varying in size) providing spiritual and administrative leadership to those churches and their pastors.

District superintendents were once called presiding elders and this is the term still employed in some Methodist denominations such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. In the 20th century, in the Methodist Episcopal Church (the forerunner of the United Methodist Church) and the Free Methodist Church, the term district superintendent supplanted the former term.

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
The Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church) is a Methodist denomination that is based in the United States. It adheres to Wesleyan-Arminian theology. Though historically a part of the black church, the Christian Methodist Episcopal church membership has evolved to include all racial backgrounds.
Illmaculate
Gregory Poe (born February 4, 1986), better known by his stage name Illmaculate (a.k.a. Illmac), is an American battle rapper and hip hop artist from St. Johns, Portland, Oregon. He attended Roosevelt High School in Portland.

St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
St. Johns is a neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States, located in North Portland on the tip of the peninsula formed by the confluence of the Willamette River and the Columbia River. The iconic St. Johns Bridge crosses the Willamette from the south, leading into downtown St. Johns. It was a separate, incorporated city from 1903 until 1915, when citizens of both St. Johns and Portland voted to approve its annexation to Portland, which took effect on July 8, 1915.

St. Johns is bordered by the Columbia River to the northeast, the Willamette River to the northwest, the North Portland railroad cut to the southeast, and a number of streets separating it from Cathedral Park to the southwest, primarily North Ivanhoe Street.
Brad Wilkin
Brad Wilkin (born 8 December 1995) is an Australian rugby union player who plays as a flanker for the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR). He previously played for Rebels and has also represented Australia in the under 20s team.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Septimus (horse)
Septimus (4 April 2003 – 12 December 2010) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which was frequently interrupted by injury he won eight of his thirteen races between September 2005 and November 2008. He showed very promising form as a juvenile, winning the Beresford Stakes and finishing third when favourite the Racing Post Trophy and went on to win the Dante Stakes by eight lengths in an abbreviated three-year-old campaign. At four he won the Mooresbridge Stakes and was then stepped up in distance to take the Lonsdale Cup and the Doncaster Cup. In his final season he won the Curragh Cup and the Irish St. Leger, taking the latter event by thirteen lengths. He was rated the best horse in the world over extended distances in both 2007 and 2008. He was retired to stud but had fertility problems and died on 12 December 2010 after complications resulting from a gelding operation.

Mooresbridge Stakes
The Mooresbridge Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres) at the Curragh in early May.
Metropolitan Youth Orchestra of Hong Kong
Metropolitan Youth Orchestra of Hong Kong (MYO/MYOHK, Chinese: 香港青少年管弦樂團) is a youth orchestra founded in Hong Kong in 2003. It has collaborated with different artists including Yang Li, Siqing Lu, Nancy Loo, Colleen Lee, Cho-Liang Lin, Michelle Kim and the famous visual theater group Magic Circle Mime Company from the United States. The orchestra gives performances triannually in various venues including the Concert Hall of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre, Tsuen Wan Town Hall and the City Hall, Hong Kong.

In addition to producing music performances, MYO has brought concerts to audience, performing with Korean four-fingered pianist Lee Hee-ah, one-arm violinist Adrian Anantawan and limbless life warrior, Nick Vujicic in 2009 and 2013.

Tsuen Wan Town Hall
Tsuen Wan Town Hall is a town hall in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong. Originally it was intended to be located near Tsuen Wan station of the MTR, but it was re-located near the former Tsuen Wan Ferry Pier and Tsuen Wan Magistracy, between Tai Ho Road and Yuen Tun Circuit in late 1970s. The town hall was completed in 1980.