hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chrysothrix septemseptata
Chrysothrix septemseptata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Robert Lücking, and G.P. Sinha. The type specimen was collected in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal); here it was found growing on the bark of the mangrove tree Tamarix gallica. The lichen grows as a thin lemon-yellow crust measuring 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) in diameter, with isolated patches sometimes coalescing. It contains vulpinic acid as a major secondary chemical, and minor amounts of calycin. Chrysothrix septemseptata is only known to occur at the type locality. Other mangrove trees that it is found on include Brugruiera gymnorhiza, Heritiera fomes, and Sonneratia apetala, as well as the non-mangrove tree Casuarina equisetifolia. The specific epithet septemseptata refers to the seven septa that are characteristic of the ascospores of this lichen.

Sonneratia
Sonneratia is a genus of plants in the family Lythraceae.  Formerly the Sonneratia were placed in a family called Sonneratiaceae which included both the Sonneratia and the Duabanga, but these two are now placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family Lythraceae.  The genus was also named Blatti by James Edward Smith, but Sonneratia had botanical nomenclature priority. Sonneratia species are mangrove trees.
De Havilland DH 108
The de Havilland DH 108 "Swallow" was a British experimental aircraft designed by John Carver Meadows Frost in October 1945. The DH 108 featured a tailless, swept wing with a single vertical stabilizer, similar to the layout of the wartime German Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet. Initially designed to evaluate swept wing handling characteristics at low and high subsonic speeds for the proposed early tailless design of the Comet airliner, three examples of the DH 108 were built to Air Ministry specifications E.18/45. With the adoption of a conventional tail for the Comet, the aircraft were used instead to investigate swept wing handling up to supersonic speeds. All three prototypes were lost in fatal crashes.

Vertical stabilizer
A vertical stabilizer or tail fin is the static part of the vertical tail of an aircraft. The term is commonly applied to the assembly of both this fixed surface and one or more movable rudders hinged to it. Their role is to provide control, stability and trim in yaw (also known as directional or weathercock stability). It is part of the aircraft empennage, specifically of its stabilizers.

The vertical tail is typically mounted on top of the rear fuselage, with the horizontal stabilizers mounted on the side of the fuselage (a configuration termed "conventional tail"). Other configurations, such as T-tail or twin tail, are sometimes used instead.

Vertical stabilizers have occasionally been used in motor sports, with for example in Le Mans Prototype racing.
Morisqueta tostada
Morisqueta tostada is a Filipino fried rice dish characterized by the addition of sausage (chorizo de bilbao, chorizo de macao, or Chinese sausage), ham, shrimp, and spring onions. The name is Chavacano and Philippine Spanish for "toasted boiled rice." It is a very old dish adapted from Chinese fried rice  with influences from Spanish cuisine by Chinese Filipino immigrants in the Spanish colonial era of the Philippines. It is sometimes differentiated as "Spanish-style fried rice". It is usually served in Chinese Filipino restaurants in major Spanish-era cities like Manila, Cebu, Zamboanga, and Iloilo. It is commonly eaten for breakfast with fried dishes like longganisa, tapa, or carne norte guisado.

Philippine Spanish
Philippine Spanish (Spanish: español filipino or castellano filipino) is the variety of standard Spanish spoken in the Philippines, used primarily by Spanish Filipinos.

Spanish as spoken in the Philippines contains a number of features that distinguish it from other varieties of Spanish, combining features from both Peninsular and Latin American varieties of the language. Philippine Spanish also employs vocabulary unique to the dialect, reflecting influence from the native languages of the Philippines as well as broader sociolinguistic trends in Spanish, and is considered to be more linguistically conservative and uniform than Spanish spoken elsewhere.

Officially regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language (AFLE, Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española), up to a million people in the Philippines are claimed to be either proficient in or have knowledge of Spanish, with around 4,000 people claiming Spanish as their native language, although estimates vary widely.
Mohandri
Mohandri is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the north east of the district  and borders the Neelum and Muzaffarabad districts of Azad Kashmir. It lies in an area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.

Muzaffarabad District
The Muzaffarabad District (Urdu: ضلع مُظفّرآباد) is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 10 districts of this dependent territory.  The district is located on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers and is very hilly. The total area of the Muzaffarabad District is 1,642 square kilometres (634 sq mi). The district is part of the Muzaffarabad Division, and the city of Muzaffarabad serves as the capital of Azad Kashmir.  The district is bounded on the north-east by the Neelum District and the Kupwara district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir region, on the south-east by the Hattian Bala District, on the south by the Bagh District, and on the west by the Mansehra and Abbottabad districts of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.
Inisheer Lighthouse
The Inisheer, Inis Oírr or Fardurris Point Lighthouse, is an active 19th century lighthouse located on the island of Inisheer, the smallest of the Aran Islands, in County Galway, Ireland. It marks the south-eastern entrance to Galway Bay and the Port of Galway known as the South Sound, with a red sector of the light marking the Finnis Rock.
The Eeragh Lighthouse which marks the North Sound entrance to the bay on the north-western side of the islands, was also constructed at the same time. Inisheer and Eeragh both became operational in 1857.

Inisheer
Inisheer (Irish: Inis Oírr [ˈɪnʲɪʃ iːɾˠ], Inis Thiar [ˈɪnʲɪʃ hiəɾˠ] or Inis Oirthir [ˈɪnʲɪʃ ˈɛɾʲhəɾʲ]) is the smallest and most easterly of the three Aran Islands in Galway Bay, Ireland. With 343 residents as of the 2022 census, it is second-most populous of the Arans. Caomhán of Inis Oírr is the island's patron saint. There are five small settlements: Baile Thiar, Chapeltown (Baile an tSéipéil), Castle Village (Baile an Chaisleáin), Baile an Fhormna and Baile an Lorgain. The island is in a civil parish of the same name.
Centule I of Astarac
Centule I (Occitan: Centolh d'Astaragues) (died 1230 or 1233) was the Count of Astarac from 1174 or 1175 until his death.

He is recorded in a sirventes of Bertran de Born as having joined the alliance against Richard the Lion-Hearted in 1183. Bertran calls him E.n Centols. Centule raised a company of Gascon routiers along with Gaston VI of Béarn and sent them north under one Brunus (or Brenus) to aid Adhemar V of Limoges in besieging a church on the Gorre in February. The company was routed by Richard.

Centule participated in the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula and was present at the great Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.
Calectasia gracilis
Calectasia gracilis, commonly known as blue tinsel lily, is a species of plant in the family Dasypogonaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading, tufted, woody, perennial herb with blue petals and six yellow stamens that turn orange-red as they age. It is similar to the other species of Calectasia and has only been recognised as a separate species since a review of the genus in 2001.

Dasypogonaceae
Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants based on the type genus Dasypogon, one that has traditionally not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species. The family is endemic to Australia. The best known representative is Kingia australis.

The 2016 APG IV system places the family in the order Arecales, after several studies revealed the family as a sister taxon to Arecaceae, the palm family. Other authors find that the placement of Dasypogonaceae remains undetermined, due to conflicting models, and leave it in an order of its own, the Dasypogonales.

The earlier APG III (2009), APG II (2003), and the 1998 APG system all accepted the validity of the family, assigning it to the clade commelinids, but leaving it unplaced as to order. The commelinids are monocots, the broad group to which, in any event, these plants clearly belong.
John B. Williams (general)
John B. Williams is a United States Air Force major general who most recently served as the Mobilization Assistant to the Commander of the Air Mobility Command from July 2020 to July 2021. Previously, he was the Mobilization Assistant to the Commander of the Pacific Air Forces.

Air Mobility Command
The Air Mobility Command (AMC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the U.S. Air Force. It is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, east of St. Louis, Missouri, near Mascoutah, Illinois.

Air Mobility Command was established on 1 June 1992 and was formed from elements of the inactivated Military Airlift Command (MAC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC).  AMC melded MAC's worldwide airlift system of primarily C-5 Galaxy, C-141 Starlifter (later replaced by C-17 Globemaster III beginning in 1995), and C-130 Hercules airlift aircraft with SAC's tanker force of KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft, the latter air refueling aircraft having been freed from their strategic nuclear strike commitment to SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bomber fleet by the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  In 2016, the Air Force Historical Research Agency consolidated the histories of AMC and MAC, extending AMC's lineage back to 1941.
Ubunchu!
Ubunchu! (うぶんちゅ！) is a comedy manga serialized in ASCII Media Works' Weekly ASCII and Ubuntu Magazine Japan between May 2008 and June 2013. Its name is a play on words combining the Linux distribution Ubuntu and a Japanese onomatopoeia for a kiss, chu (ちゅ).

Japanese sound symbolism
The Japanese language has a large inventory of sound symbolic or mimetic words, known in linguistics as ideophones. Such words are found in written as well as spoken Japanese. Known popularly as onomatopoeia, these words do not just imitate sounds but also cover a much wider range of meanings; indeed, many sound-symbolic words in Japanese are for things that make no noise originally, most clearly demonstrated by 'silently' (しーんと, shīnto).
PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.

PublicAffairs was launched in 1997 by Peter Osnos. The current Publisher is Clive Priddle. The company publishes mostly non-mainstream non-fiction books about politics and current affairs, both American and international.

It has published several books by Nobel Prize-winning authors, including Muhammad Yunus's Banker to the Poor and Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo's two books Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times.

In 2019, it published Shoshana Zuboff's international bestseller The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.

Perseus Books won Publishers Weekly's "Publisher of the Year" award for 2007.

The Age of Surveillance Capitalism
The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power is a 2019 non-fiction book by Shoshana Zuboff which looks at the development of digital companies like Google and Meta, and suggests that their business models represent a new form of capitalist accumulation that she calls "surveillance capitalism".

While industrial capitalism exploited and controlled nature with devastating consequences, surveillance capitalism exploits and controls human nature with a totalitarian order as the endpoint of the development.
Morena (Netón Vega and Peso Pluma song)
"Morena" is a song by Mexican singers Netón Vega and Peso Pluma, released on February 14, 2025 as the fourth single from the former's debut studio album Mi Vida Mi Muerte, which was released on the same day.

Netón Vega
Luis Ernesto Vega Carvajal, known professionally as Netón Vega, is a Mexican singer-songwriter from La Paz, Baja California Sur. He is known for his songwriting on "Rubicon" and "La People", taken from Peso Pluma's album Génesis (2023), and for collaborating with Luis R. Conriquez on the 2024 single "Si No Quieres No", which appeared on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Ebulliometer
In physics, an ebulliometer (from Latin  ēbullīre 'to boil') is an instrument designed to accurately measure the boiling point of liquids by measuring the temperature of the vapor–liquid equilibrium either isobarically (at constant pressure) or isothermally (at constant temperature).

The primary components in a Świętosławski ebulliometer, which operates isobarically, are the boiler, the Cottrell pumps, the thermowell, and the condenser. Such an ebulliometer can be used for extremely accurate measurements of boiling temperature, molecular weights, mutual solubilities, and solvent purities by using a resistance thermometer (RTD) to measure the near-equilibrium conditions of the thermowell.

The ebulliometer is frequently used for measuring the alcohol content of dry wines. See also Sweetness of wine and Oechsle scale.

Sweetness of wine
The subjective sweetness of a wine is determined by the interaction of several factors, including the amount of sugar in the wine, but also the relative levels of alcohol, acids, and tannins. Sugars and alcohol enhance a wine's sweetness, while acids cause sourness and bitter tannins cause bitterness. These principles are outlined in the 1987 work by Émile Peynaud, The Taste of Wine.

According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), wines can be classified based in their sugar content. A wine is considered dry when it contains no more than 4g/L of glucose plus fructose or when its acidic strength is at least 2g/L relative to glucose plus fructose. Medium dry wines have a sugar content higher than that of dry wines. Mellow or semi-sweet wines contain more sugar than the medium dry wines but no more than 45g/L. Sweet wines contain at least 45g/L of glucose plus fructose.
National Competitiveness Council of Nigeria
The National Competitiveness Council of Nigeria (NCCN) is a private-public non-profit organisation in Nigeria. The council's mandate is to improve the attractiveness of Nigeria’s economy as a place to do business in the global marketplace.

The Council's operations are largely driven by the private sector, with government playing a supportive and enabling role. The Council serves as a nexus for the dialogue between business, trade unions, regulatory organisations, academia, international development organisations, think tanks, media and the Nigerian Government. The outcome of this dialogue is actionable recommendations and an implementation strategy for policies that will improve economic competitiveness and collective prosperity for Nigeria's citizens.

The Tony Elumelu Foundation
The Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) is an African non-profit organization founded in 2010 by Tony O. Elumelu and headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. It is a pioneer member of the Global Impact Investment Rating System (GIIRS).
Mermet Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area
Mermet Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 2,630 acres (1,060 ha) and 690 acres (280 ha) of water Massac County, Illinois, United States. It is an old cypress swamp that sports abundant fowl and fish. It also has hiking trails and a large archery competition called the Pro/Am National Archery Tournament, which is among the largest in the country. The land was acquired by the Government of Illinois in 1949.

Its ecosystem contains panfish, channel catfish, largemouth bass, Canada geese, ducks, and snow geese.

Channel catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus),meaning “fish cat with spots”. known informally as the "channel cat", is a species of catfish native to North America. They are North America's most abundant catfish species, and the official state fish of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Tennessee. The channel catfish is the most fished species of catfish in the United States, with around 8 million anglers angling them per year. The popularity of channel catfish for food has contributed to the rapid expansion of this species' aquaculture in the United States. It has also been widely introduced to Europe, Asia and South America, and many countries consider it an invasive species.
Thirty Years of Arkham House, 1939–69
Thirty Years of Arkham House, 1939–1969: A History and Bibliography is a bibliography of books published from 1939 to 1969 under the imprints of Arkham House, Mycroft & Moran and Stanton & Lee. It was released in 1970 by Arkham House in an edition of 2,137 copies.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Telibandha railway station
Telibandha railway station was a narrow gauge railway station in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh. Its code was TBD. It served Raipur city. The station consisted of one platform. The station lied on the former Raipur–Dhamtari branch line of Bilaspur–Nagpur section.

This narrow gauge section has been closed for all services and the tracks have been removed and the space has been converted to an expressway connecting Raipur Junction railway station and Kendri village near Swami Vivekanand Airport. The remaining portion of the section is being upgraded to broad gauge with a new alignment connecting Kendri to the under construction Naya Raipur - Atal Nagar Railway Station.

Nava Raipur
Nava Raipur, officially known as Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur, is a planned city and fully Greenfield city in Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh. The Government of Chhattisgarh, the state's administrative body is situated here. The city is located between National Highway 53 and National Highway 30, about 17 km south-east of the capital city Raipur. Swami Vivekananda Airport separates Raipur and Nava Raipur.
The Complete Them 1964–1967
The Complete Them 1964–1967 is a compilation album by the Northern Irish band Them. It includes nearly every song recorded by the group when Van Morrison was the lead vocalist. It contains liner notes written by Morrison and was released through his production company, Exile Productions. Unlike the previous compilation,The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison, this collection is chronologically sequenced and contains an extra disc featuring demos, alternate versions, rare tracks, and sessions recorded by the BBC, many of which were previously unreleased.

The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison
The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison is a compilation album, that includes almost every song recorded by the Northern Irish band Them, during the two-year history of the band when it featured Van Morrison as the vocalist for the group.
Noetherian scheme
In algebraic geometry, a Noetherian scheme is a scheme that admits a finite covering by open affine subsets , where each  is a Noetherian ring. More generally, a scheme is locally Noetherian if it is covered by spectra of Noetherian rings. Thus, a scheme is Noetherian if and only if it is locally Noetherian and compact.  As with Noetherian rings, the concept is named after Emmy Noether.

It can be shown that, in a locally Noetherian scheme, if   is an open affine subset, then A is a Noetherian ring; in particular,  is a Noetherian scheme if and only if A is a Noetherian ring. For a locally Noetherian scheme X, the local rings  are also Noetherian rings.

A Noetherian scheme is a Noetherian topological space. But the converse is false in general; consider, for example, the spectrum of a non-Noetherian valuation ring.

The definitions extend to formal schemes.

Cover (topology)
In mathematics, and more particularly in set theory, a cover (or covering) of a set  is a family of subsets of  whose union is all of . More formally, if  is an indexed family of subsets  (indexed by the set ), then  is a cover of  if

Thus the collection  is a cover of  if each element of  belongs to at least one of the subsets .
USS Decoy
USS Decoy was a schooner in the United States Navy during the 1820s.  Decoy was purchased 27 December 1822 by Commodore David Porter in New York under the name Zodiac.

On 16 January 1823 she sailed from New York under the command of Lieutenant Lawrence Kearny to join the West Indies Squadron. Newly organized by the Navy for the suppression of piracy in the West Indies, this force was composed of small shallow-draft ships capable of cruising close in shore and ascending rivers in carrying out their mission. Decoy was employed as a storeship carrying supplies from New York to the West Indies for this fleet until 22 December 1825, when she arrived at Norfolk Navy Yard.

Decoy was sold in January 1826.

Lawrence Kearny
Commodore Lawrence Kearny (30 November 1789 – 29 November 1868) was an officer in the United States Navy during the early nineteenth century. In the early 1840s he began negotiations with China which opened that country to U.S. trade and pointed the way toward the American Open Door Policy a half century later. He was Mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey in 1848.