hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casper Downtown Historic District
The Casper Downtown Historic District in Casper, Wyoming, US is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.  The district is generally bounded by David St., East B C St., Beech St., and Midwest Ave.

It includes the Turner-Cottman Building at 124 West Second Street.

Casper, Wyoming
Casper is a city in, and the county seat of, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census. Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.

Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
Shooting at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle three positions
Men's 50 metre rifle three positions (then known as small-bore free rifle) was one of the thirteen shooting events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was the first Olympic competition after the introduction of the new target in 1989, and thus two Olympic records were set, by Juha Hirvi (qualification round) and Hrachya Petikyan (final). Petikian won ahead of Robert Foth and Ryohei Koba, after a poor final demoted Hirvi to fourth place.

Ryohei Koba
Ryohei Koba (木場 良平, Koba Ryōhei; born 13 December 1962) is a Japanese sport shooter. He was born in Kagoshima Prefecture. He won a bronze medal in 50 metre rifle three positions at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Koba was born in Kagoshima.
Michael Peyrefitte
Michael George Peyrefitte is a Belizean attorney and politician.

Peyrefitte studied at UWI Cave Hill. He stood as a UDP candidate in the 2008 election, coming within 16 votes of unseating Francis Fonseca in Freetown.

From 2012 to 2017, Peyrefitte served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of Belize. In 2017, he was appointed Attorney General. He was at the same time appointed as a Senator for the UDP.

In 2020, Peyrefitte was reappointed as a Senator for the UDP.

Freetown (Belize House constituency)
Freetown is an electoral constituency in the Belize District represented in the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belize since 2003 by Francis Fonseca of the People's United Party. Fonseca served as PUP leader and Leader of the Opposition from 2011 to 2016.
KIAA1958
Protein KIAA1958 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1958 gene. Orthologs of KIAA1958 go as far back in evolution to  chordates, although, it is closer in homology to primates than any other orthologs. KIAA1958 has no known paralogs.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Hmong in Wisconsin
Hmong Americans are the largest Asian ethnic group in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Allies of the United States in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and later stages of the Laotian Civil War, they started seeking asylum as political refugees after the communist takeover in both nations in 1975, including the Hmong genocide in Laos. Hmong in Vietnam and Laos were subjected to targeted attacks in both countries, and tens of thousands were killed, imprisoned or forcibly relocated following the war.

Jim Doyle
James Edward Doyle Jr. (born November 23, 1945) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th governor of Wisconsin from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Scott McCallum in his first election to the governorship.

Before the governorship, Doyle served as Wisconsin Attorney General from 1991 to 2003. As of 2016, he is currently an attorney 'of counsel' in the Madison, Wisconsin office of the law firm of Foley & Lardner and serves on the corporate board of Epic Systems and Exact Sciences.
Turnbull Report
Internal Control: Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code (1999) also known as the "Turnbull Report" was a report drawn up with the London Stock Exchange for listed companies. The committee which wrote the report was chaired by Nigel Turnbull of The Rank Group plc. The report informed directors of their obligations under the Combined Code with regard to keeping good "internal controls" in their companies, or having good audits and checks to ensure the quality of financial reporting and catch any fraud before it becomes a problem.

Revised guidance was issued in 2005. The report was superseded by a further FRC guidance issued in September 2014.

The Rank Group
The Rank Group plc is a gambling company based in the United Kingdom. Rank was involved in the cinema and motion picture industry until 2006, and continues to use the Gongman logo originally used by the Rank Organisation's film distribution subsidiary General Film Distributors.  Its brands now include Mecca Bingo, and Grosvenor Casinos, the UK's largest casino operator.

Rank's principal market and headquarters are in the United Kingdom, where it operates Grosvenor Casinos (56 casinos), Mecca Bingo (96 bingo clubs) and Rank Interactive (online gaming and betting). It also operates additional Grosvenor Casinos clubs in Belgium (two casinos), and Rank España in Spain (10 bingo clubs).

Rank is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Dís
In Norse mythology, a dís (Old Norse: [ˈdiːs], "lady", plural dísir [ˈdiːsez̠]) is a female deity, ghost, or spirit associated with Fate who can be either benevolent or antagonistic toward mortals. Dísir may act as protective spirits of Norse clans. It is possible that their original function was that of fertility goddesses who were the object of both private and official worship called dísablót, and their veneration may derive from the worship of the spirits of the dead. The dísir, like the valkyries, Norns, and vættir, are always referred collectively in surviving references. The North Germanic dísir and West Germanic Idisi are believed by some scholars to be related due to linguistic and mythological similarities, but the direct evidence of Anglo-Saxon and Continental German mythology is limited. The dísir play roles in Norse texts that resemble those of fylgjur, valkyries, and norns, so that some have suggested that dísir is a broad term including the other beings.

West Germanic languages
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of Indo-European languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English, Scots, the Low German languages, and the Frisian languages; Istvaeonic, which encompasses Dutch and its close relatives; and Irminonic, which includes German and its close relatives and variants.

English is by far the most widely spoken West Germanic language, with over one billion speakers worldwide. Within Europe, the three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. Frisian, spoken by about 450,000 people, constitutes a fourth distinct variety of West Germanic. The language family also includes Afrikaans, Yiddish, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Hunsrik, and Scots. Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based on Dutch, English, or German.
Intelsat 21
Intelsat 21 is a communications satellite manufactured by Boeing Space Systems (BSS) for the Intelsat Corporation, based on the BSS-702MP satellite bus. It was launched on 19 August 2012 at 06:54:59 UTC by a Zenit-3SL launch vehicle from a mobile platform in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. and replaces the Intelsat 9 satellite at 58° West Longitude.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
Young Socialist Alliance
The Young Socialist Alliance (YSA) was a Trotskyist youth group of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in the United States of America. It was founded in 1960, although it had roots going back several years earlier. It was dissolved in 1992. The SWP recreated a youth org named the Young Socialists (YS) in 1994.

YSA membership peaked in 1971 at 1,434.

Youth center
A youth center or youth centre, often called youth club, is a place where young people can meet and participate in a variety of activities, for example table football, association football (US soccer, UK football), basketball, table tennis, video games, occupational therapy and religious activities and develop skills like project management, leadership, teamwork, and community service. Youth clubs and centres vary in their activities across the globe and have diverse histories based on shifting cultural, political and social contexts and relative levels of state funding or voluntary action.
Human contingency learning
Human contingency learning (HCL) is the observation that people tend to acquire knowledge based on whichever outcome has the highest probability of occurring from particular stimuli. In other words, individuals gather associations between a certain behaviour and a specific consequence. It is a form of learning for many organisms.

Stimulus pairings can have many impacts on responses such as influencing the speed of responses, accuracies of the responses, affective evaluations and causal attributions.

There has been much development about human contingency learning over a span of 20 years. Further development in human contingency learning is required because many models that have been proposed are unable to incorporate all existing data.

Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.
Skookum doll
A Skookum doll was a Native American themed doll, sold as a souvenir item in the early 20th century. Although considered collectible, they are not authentic Native American dolls, as they were designed and created by a white woman, and quickly mass-produced by her company, Skookum.

Souvenir
A souvenir (French for 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it. A souvenir can be any object that can be collected or purchased and transported home by the traveler as a memento of a visit. The object itself may have intrinsic value, or be a symbol of experience. Without the owner's input, the symbolic meaning is lost and cannot be articulated.
Hazel Creek (Courtois Creek tributary)
Hazel Creek is a stream in southwest Washington County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Courtois Creek. Hazel Creek lies within the Mark Twain National Forest and the community of Palmer and the Hazel Creek Recreation Area are within the stream valley.

Hazel Creek most likely was named on account of hazel trees near its course.

Hazel
Hazels are plants of the genus Corylus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family, Betulaceae, though some botanists split the hazels (with the hornbeams and allied genera) into a separate family Corylaceae. The fruit of the hazel is the hazelnut.
Argosy (ship)
An argosy is a merchant ship, or a fleet of such ships. As used by Shakespeare (e.g., in King Henry VI, Part 3, Act 2, Scene VI; in the Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Scene I and Scene III; and in The Taming of the Shrew, Act 2, Scene I), the word means a flotilla of merchant ships operating together under the same ownership.

It is derived from the 16th century city Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, in Croatia), a major shipping power of the day and entered the language through the Italian ragusea, meaning a Ragusan ship. The word bears no relation to the ship Argo from Greek mythology (Jason and the Argonauts).

Since "argosy" and "odyssey" sound similar in British English and both refer to ships or voyage by ship ("odyssey" refers to Odysseus' journey, not to his ship, which goes unnamed in Homer's Odyssey), occasionally "argosy" is misused as a synonym for "odyssey", namely as an adventure.

The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences.

Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for the character Shylock and his famous demand for a "pound of flesh".

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "Hath not a Jew eyes?" on the subject of humanity, and that of Portia on "the quality of mercy". Debate exists on whether the play is antisemitic, with Shylock's insistence on his legal right to the pound of flesh being in opposition to his seemingly universal plea for the rights of all people suffering discrimination.
Natturajavu
Naatturajavu (transl. King of the land) is a 2004 Indian Malayalam-language action drama film directed by Shaji Kailas and written by T. A. Shahid. The film stars Mohanlal in the lead role and Meena, Nayanthara, Kalabhavan Mani, Manoj K Jayan, Ranjith, and Siddique in supporting roles. M. Jayachandran composed the film's soundtrack. It was produced by Antony Perumbavoor through Aashirvad Cinemas.  Naatturajavu was released in India on 20 August 2004, the film performed well at the box office, becoming one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films of the year.

T. A. Shahid
T A Shahid (25 May 1972 – 28 September 2012) was a scriptwriter in the Malayalam film industry. He was the younger brother of T. A. Razzaq, another popular screenwriter in Malayalam films.

He died of cirrhosis aged 41 on 28 September 2012 in a private hospital in Kozhikode where he had been undergoing treatment for some time.
The Imperial Presidency
The Imperial Presidency is a work by historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.  Published in 1973 by Houghton Mifflin, the book was reissued in 1989 with a 79-page epilogue and then re-released by Houghton Mifflin in 2004 in a Mariner Books paperback edition that included a new 16-page introduction. A one-volume work, it recounts and analyzes the history of the presidency of the United States from the office's conception as this emerged from the Constitutional Convention and then developed through the latter half of the 20th century, with special attention to aspects of war powers. Schlesinger's book popularized the term imperial presidency and has been described as "the most prominent school of thought on executive war powers" and "a lens through which to understand and critique the executive branch in the post-9/11 world".

Mariner Books
Mariner Books, originally an imprint of HMH Books, was established in 1997 as a publisher of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry in trade paperback. Mariner is also the publisher of the Harvest backlist, formerly published by Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. HarperCollins bought HMH in May 2021 for US$349 million. As of fall 2021, Mariner Books was listed as an imprint of HarperCollins.
Jeedipalli Reservoir
Jeedipalli Reservoir is an irrigation project located in Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It receives water from Handri-Neeva canal which draws water from Srisailam reservoir. It is located in Jeedipalli village of Beluguppa mandal.

Anantapur district
Anantapur district, officially Ananthapuramu district, is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in South India.  In the year 2022, as part of re-organisation of districts, Sri Sathya Sai district was carved out.
Radviliškis–Daugavpils Railway
The Radviliškis–Daugavpils Railway (Lithuanian: Radviliškio–Daugpilio geležinkelis; Latvian: Radvilišķu–Daugavpils dzelzceļa līnija) is a cross-border railway line in Lithuania and Latvia. It connects the city of Radviliškis in north-central Lithuania with the city of Daugavpils in south-eastern Latvia. It is one of the main local railways in Lithuania with connection to neighbouring Latvia.

The 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge railway line is unelectrified and single-track throughout its length from Linkaičiai to Daugavpils, as the double-track between Rokiškis and Obeliai was dismantled in 2002.

The railway was opened in 1873 as a branch line of the Libau–Romny Railway system which connected Ukraine with the Baltic Seaport of Liepāja (formerly: Libau).

Liepāja
Liepāja (pronounced [liepaːja] ⓘ) (formerly: Libau) is a state city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea. It is the largest city in the Courland region and the third-largest in the country after Riga and Daugavpils. It is an important ice-free port.

In the 19th and early 20th century, it was a favourite place for sea-bathers and travellers, with the town boasting a fine park, many pretty gardens and a theatre. Liepāja is however known throughout Latvia as the "City where the wind is born", likely because of the constant sea breeze. A song of the same name (Latvian: "Pilsētā, kurā piedzimst vējš") was composed by Imants Kalniņš and has become the anthem of the city. Its reputation as the windiest city in Latvia was strengthened with the construction of the largest wind farm in the nation (33 Enercon wind turbines) nearby.

Liepāja is chosen as the European Capital of Culture in 2027.
Alessandra Smerilli
Alessandra Smerilli, FMA (born 14 November 1974) is an Italian Catholic economist, academic, and religious sister who has served as the Secretary of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development in the Roman Curia since August 2021. She was the first woman to be appointed secretary of a dicastery, the second most senior official of a Curia department after the prefect, which made her the highest ranking woman in the Roman Curia at the time.

Smerilli holds a post-PhD (it. docente) degree in political economy and statistics from the Pontifical Faculty of Educational Sciences Auxilium. She is a member of the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Les Afriques dans le monde
Les Afriques dans le monde (LAM) is a French academic research institute in Pessac, France focusing on Africa and its diaspora.

It is a collaboration of the national research organisation CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) and three local universities: the Political science institute of the University of Bordeaux, the Bordeaux Montaigne University) and the University of Pau and the Adour Region. LAM was founded in 2011 by merging the Centre d’étude d’Afrique noire (CEAN, University of Bordeaux) and the Centre d’étude et de recherche sur les pays de l’Afrique orientale (CREPAO, University of Pau and the Adour Region) with other researchers joining.

The research field of LAM is the "Africas": Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and by extension the African diaspora in the Middle East and transatlantic regions, mainly the Caribbean. In 2022 LAM had 26 researchers, fifty-odd PhD students and some 100 associated researchers. Since 2021 it is headed by David Ambrosetti.

Pessac
Pessac (French pronunciation: [pɛsak] ⓘ; Occitan: Peçac) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is a member of the metropolis of Bordeaux, being the second-largest suburb of Bordeaux and located just southwest of it.

Pessac is home to Bordeaux Montaigne University, the Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, and the main production facility of the Monnaie de Paris. It is also in the Pessac-Léognan wine region.
Emma Howson
Emma Howson (28 March 1844 – 28 May 1928) was an Australian opera singer and actress primarily known as the creator of the principal soprano role of Josephine in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore.

She began her operatic career in Australia as a teen. In her early 20s Howson's family moved to America, where she played leading roles in opera, Victorian burlesque, other dramatic forms, and on the concert stage. After vocal studies in Italy, she continued her career in England where, in 1878, she joined Richard D'Oyly Carte's company to originate the role of Josephine. In the early 1880s, she returned to the US where she continued to perform and, within a decade, retired to teach music.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Independent (Sacred Reich album)
Independent is the third studio album by American thrash metal band Sacred Reich, released in 1993 via Metal Blade and Hollywood Records. The album is considered to be a slight departure from the band's early thrash metal style heard on their previous releases, with the album featuring a groove metal sound. Independent was Sacred Reich's first full-length album with Dave McClain on drums.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.