hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valentin Mechilina
Valentin Yson Mechilina (born November 13, 1915) is a Filipino composer, conductor, and military musician from Binangonan, Rizal. He is most commonly known for his musical compositions for wind orchestras, particularly for his Dalampasigan overture.

Mechilina was a member of the Philippine Constabulary Band from 1938 to 1955. In June 1955, he became the conductor of the Philippine Air Force Band. During this time, he was also a student of Antonino Buenaventura. He then assumed leadership of the San Miguel Corporation Brass Band from the 1970s up to the 1990s.

Overture
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".

The idea of an instrumental opening to opera existed during the 17th century. Peri's Euridice opens with a brief instrumental ritornello, and Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607) opens with a toccata, in this case a fanfare for muted trumpets. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between allegorical characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
Clapham Town (ward)
Clapham Town is an electoral division of the London Borough of Lambeth, England.

The ward contains much of Clapham including part of Clapham Common and Clapham Common Underground station. At the 2011 census the population was 13,795.

The ward was located in the Vauxhall parliamentary constituency until July 2024, when it became a part of Vauxhall and Camberwell Green.

London Borough of Lambeth
Lambeth (/ˈlæmbəθ/ ⓘ) is a London borough in South London, England, which forms part of Inner London. Its name was recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha ("landing place for lambs") and in 1255 as Lambeth. The geographical centre of London is at Frazier Street near Lambeth North tube station, though nearby Charing Cross on the other side of the Thames in the City of Westminster is traditionally considered the centre of London.
Lake Brinzio
Lake Brinzio, also known as Pond Brinzio, is a small Italian lake located in the eastern part of the Brinzio municipality, in the province of Varese, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is situated at an elevation of approximately 510 metres (1,673 feet) above sea level. The lake has an average depth of 3.5 metres (11 feet) and covers a surface area of about 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres).

Carex remota
Carex remota, the remote sedge, is a species in the genus Carex, native to Europe, the Atlas Mountains in Africa, and western Asia. It is a riparian forest specialist. It is known as one of the most frequently hybridizing species of Carex, forming hybrids with C. appropinquata, C. arenaria, C. brizoides, C. canescens, C. divulsa, C. echinata, C. elongata, C. leporina, C. otrubae, C. paniculata, and C. spicata.
Grind (Unirea)
The Grind (Hungarian: Gerend-patak) is a left tributary of the river Unirea in Transylvania, Romania. It flows into the Unirea in the village Unirea. Its length is 18 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 52 km2 (20 sq mi).

Unirea, Alba
Unirea, previously Vințu de Sus (Hungarian: Felvinc, German: Oberwinz), is a commune located in the north-east of Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Ciugudu de Jos (Alfüged), Ciugudu de Sus (Felfüged), Dumbrava (Dombró), Inoc (Inakfalva), Măhăceni (Aranyosmohács), and Unirea.
Desmond Surfleet
Desmond Ford Surfleet (5 February 1912, in Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland – 13 May 2006, in Los Altos, California) was an Irish cricketer and schoolmaster.

He was educated at University College School (UCS), Hampstead, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he qualified as a doctor. He created an impression for UCS in schools cricket and also in club cricket for Finchley.

He represented Cambridge University and Middlesex in 14 first-class matches between 1931 and 1933 as a defensive top-order batsman and off-spinner. He scored 86 on his Freshman's debut versus against the New Zealand tourists in 1931. He scored 337 runs at an average of 16.85 and took seven catches. After entering teaching, he took part in no further county cricket.

He was the second oldest surviving Middlesex cricketer at the time of his death in May 2006.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
James Butterfield
James "Jim" Butterfield (born 1 September 1950 in Hamilton, Bermuda) was a rower for Bermuda at the 1972 Olympics.

As of 2015, is the only person to ever represent Bermuda in rowing at the Olympics. He also represented Bermuda in the marathon at the 1978 Commonwealth Games, finishing 17th.

His son Tyler Butterfield was a two-time Olympic triathlete for Bermuda while James himself finished 7th at the 1981 Ironman World Championship.

He previously attended Northeastern University.

1978 Commonwealth Games
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, from 3 to 12 August, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics was held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest at New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest at alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin. The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerized system was used to handle ticket sales. This was the first Commonwealth Games to be named under the current title as Commonwealth Games, having dropped British. The Games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II for the first time since becoming Queen in 1952.
Seth Mosley
Seth David Mosley (born October 17, 1987) is an American Christian musician and record producer, who plays Christian pop and Christian rock. He was the frontman for the Christian alternative rock band Me in Motion. Mosley was awarded the Songwriter of the Year for a non-artist, at the 2015 GMA Dove Awards, where he was also honored as the Producer of the Year.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Gmina Turobin
Gmina Turobin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Turobin, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) north of Biłgoraj and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 162.19 square kilometres (62.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,949.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Craugastor gulosus
Craugastor gulosus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
Turbomeca Turmo
The Turbomeca Turmo is a family of French turboshaft engines manufactured for helicopter use. Developed from the earlier  Turbomeca Artouste, later versions delivered up to 1,300 kW (1,700 shp). A turboprop version was developed for use with the Bréguet 941 transport aircraft.

Current versions are built in partnership with Rolls-Royce, and the engine is produced under licence by the Chinese Changzhou Lan Xiang Machinery Works  as the WZ-6 and Romanian Turbomecanica, Bucharest, as the Turmo IV-CA.

Turboshaft
A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaft horsepower rather than jet thrust. In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power. They are even more similar to turboprops, with only minor differences, and a single engine is often sold in both forms.

Turboshaft engines are commonly used in applications that require a sustained high power output, high reliability, small size, and light weight. These include helicopters, auxiliary power units, boats and ships, tanks, hovercraft, and stationary equipment.
Glimcher
Glimcher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Glimcher (born 1938), American art dealer, film producer and director

Laurie Glimcher (born 1951), member of the National Academy of Sciences

Paul Glimcher (born 1961), American economist, psychologist and neuroscientist

Marc Glimcher (born 1963), American art dealer

Marc Glimcher
Marc Glimcher (born September 16, 1963) is an American art dealer who is the President and CEO of Pace Gallery, a modern and contemporary art gallery founded by his father, Arne Glimcher, in Boston in 1960. He and his father were cited among the top 100 most powerful people in the international art world, according to the annual "Power 100" list published by ArtReview. In 2012, Glimcher sold a Gerhard Richter painting for more than $20 million at Art Basel in Basel, Switzerland.
Uhornyky, Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Uhornyky (Ukrainian: Угорники, Polish: Uhorniki) is a village of the Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in Western Ukraine. It belongs to Ivano-Frankivsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is located just east of Ivano-Frankivsk, separated from the city by the river Bystrytsia of Nadvirna. South of it is located the village of Mykytyntsi, while in the north Uhornyky borders with a village of Pidluzhia. East of the village is located a village of the Pidpechary.

Until 18 July 2020, Uhornyky belonged to Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Pennsylvania Route 97 (Erie County)
Pennsylvania Route 97 (PA 97) is one of two Pennsylvania state highways that carries the PA 97 designation; the other PA 97 is in Adams County. This northern PA 97, 21 miles (34 km) in length, is a north-south highway that terminates at PA 8 at both ends. The southern terminus is in Union City and the northern terminus is in Erie. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) internally designates this road SR 0197 to distinguish it from the other PA 97.

Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,852. Its county seat is Gettysburg. The county was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County, and was named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Between July 1 and July 3, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest and most significant battle of the American Civil War, was fought near Gettysburg. As a result, Adams County is a center for Civil War-related tourism.  Adams County comprises the Gettysburg metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Daniel Cameron Lochead
Daniel Cameron Lochead (January 19, 1878 – March 14, 1946) was a physician, farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Gull Lake from 1912 to 1917 as a Liberal.

He was born in Almonte, Ontario and educated at Trinity College and the Toronto Medical School, receiving his M.D. Lochead moved to Wales, North Dakota, where he practised medicine from 1906 to 1910. In 1910, he moved to Saskatchewan, settling north of Gull Lake. Lochead married Mrs. Ann Hill (née Frank). He raised pigs on his farm. Lochead served in the army during World War I. In 1921, he moved to Minnesota. Lochead served as deputy medical commissioner of health for Rochester from 1924 to 1937, working with Dr. Charles Horace Mayo, and became health officer for the city in 1937, serving until his retirement in 1944.

Almonte, Ontario
Almonte (/ˈælmɒnt/ AL-mont; Spanish: [alˈmonte]) is a former mill town in Lanark County, in the eastern portion of Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate municipality, Almonte is a ward of the town of Mississippi Mills, which was created on January 1, 1998, by the merging of Almonte with Ramsay and Pakenham townships. Almonte is 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of downtown Ottawa. Its population as recorded in the 2021 Canadian Census was 6,098.

The Mississippi River runs through Almonte.
Sinusoidal spiral
In algebraic geometry, the sinusoidal spirals are a family of curves defined by the equation in polar coordinates

where a is a nonzero constant and n is a rational number other than 0. With a rotation about the origin, this can also be written

The term "spiral" is a misnomer, because they are not actually spirals, and often have a flower-like shape. Many well known curves are sinusoidal spirals including:

Rectangular hyperbola (n = −2)

Line (n = −1)

Parabola (n = −1/2)

Tschirnhausen cubic (n = −1/3)

Cayley's sextic (n = 1/3)

Cardioid (n = 1/2)

Circle (n = 1)

Lemniscate of Bernoulli (n = 2)

The curves were first studied by Colin Maclaurin.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Beaver Creek (Kenai, Alaska)
Beaver Creek  (Dena'ina: Hkayitnu) is a stream located on the western portion of the Kenai Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Beaver Creek flows approximately 10 miles from its source at Beaver Lake in the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge to the Kenai River, approximately 4 river miles from the mouth of that river in the City of Kenai at Cook Inlet.  The Dena'ina call the creek Hkayitnu, meaning "Tail River". Beaver Creek was the common name added to the USGS Geographic Names Information System in 1951.

Denaʼina language
Denaʼina (/dɪ.ˈnaɪ.nə/, dih-NYE-nə; also Tanaina), is the Athabaskan language of the region surrounding Cook Inlet. It is geographically unique in Alaska as the only Alaska Athabaskan language to include territory which borders salt water. Four dialects are usually distinguished:

Upper Inlet, spoken in Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek

Outer Inlet, spoken in Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia

Iliamna, spoken in Pedro Bay, Old Iliamna, Lake Iliamna area

Inland, spoken in Nondalton, Lime Village

Of the total Denaʼina population of about 900 people, only 75–95 members still speak Denaʼina. James Kari has done extensive work on the language since 1972, including his edition with Alan Boraas of the collected writings of Peter Kalifornsky in 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum also conducted extensive field research on the language in the 1970s.
William Dickerson (director)
William Dickerson is an American film and television director, screenwriter, author, musician and educator.

Dickerson was born in New York City and grew up in Yonkers, New York. He attended Fordham Preparatory School and The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he spearheaded the school's first film concentration. He later attended the American Film Institute Conservatory, where he graduated in 2006 with an MFA in Directing. He has since served on the school's Alumni Executive Board and was selected by The White House and AFI to serve as mentor to winners of the White House Student Film Festival under two Presidents of the United States.

Fordham Preparatory School
Fordham Preparatory School (commonly known as Fordham Prep) is an American, independent, boys' college-preparatory school in the Jesuit tradition located on the Rose Hill campus of Fordham University in the Bronx, a borough of New York City.

From its founding in 1841 until 1970, the school was under the direction of Fordham University. In 1970, it separated from the university, establishing itself as an independent preparatory school with its own administration, endowment, and Board of Trustees.
40th (Ulster) Signal Regiment
40 (Ulster) Signal Regiment (Volunteers) was a Territorial Army regiment in the Royal Corps of Signals in the British Army. The regiment formed part of 2 (National Communications) Signal Brigade, providing military communications for national operations. The regiment did not have an internal security role in Northern Ireland.

Royal Corps of Signals
The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals – abbreviated to R SIGNALS) is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. Signals units are among the first into action, providing the battlefield communications and information systems essential to all operations. Royal Signals units provide the full telecommunications infrastructure for the Army wherever they operate in the world. The Corps has its own engineers, logistics experts and systems operators to run radio and area networks in the field. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems, providing command support to commanders and their headquarters, and conducting electronic warfare against enemy communications.
Podosie, Lublin Voivodeship
Podosie [pɔˈdɔɕɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzywda, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

Podosie was the birthplace in 1719 of Gabriel Podoski, prince-archbishop of Poland and Lithuania

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Çamlık Railway Museum
The Çamlık Railway Museum, also known as Çamlık Steam Locomotive Museum (Turkish: Çamlık Tren Müzesi or Çamlık Buharlı Lokomotif Müzesi), is an outdoor railway museum at Çamlık village of Selçuk district in İzmir Province, Turkey. It is the largest railway museum in Turkey and contains one of the largest steam locomotive collections in Europe.

İzmir Province
İzmir Province (Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is 11,891 square kilometres (4,591 square miles), and its population is 4,462,056 (2022). Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35.

Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.