hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palais de France, Istanbul
The Palais de France (lit. 'Palace of France', Turkish: Fransız Sarayı) is a historic property in the Beyoğlu (formerly Pera) neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It was the seat of the ambassadors of France to the Ottoman Empire from the early 17th century until the Empire's abolition in 1922 and subsequent relocation of the embassy to the new capital of Ankara. It has served since then as the residence of the French Consul-General as well as of the ambassador when in Istanbul. It is also the site of the church of Saint-Louis-des-Français, the Lycée Français Pierre Loti, and the Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes, a research institute.

The French Consulate-General is located in a separate building of the same neighborhood, near Taksim Square. In addition, France maintains a property in the waterside neighborhood of Tarabya on the Bosporus, with additional facilities of the Lycée Pierre Loti.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Plestsy Airport
Plestsy Airport (Russian: Плесцы), also Pero (Russian: Перо — "feather"), is an airport in Russia located 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) east of Plesetsk. It is a logistical base for the Plesetsk Cosmodrome launch facility.

In 2004-2005 it was modernized: radio and illumination equipment at the airfield were replaced, the power supply and communications systems were rebuilt, the runway was elongated by 600 metres (2,000 feet) in 2003 and 2004 (now 2,600 metres (8,500 feet) long), 2 kilometres (6,600 feet) of concrete plates were also replaced. The total cost of this work was $18.2 million.

The name comes from nearby Lake Plestsy. The closed town of Mirny is also situated in the area.

The airport is still in operation as a private airport and was never a main airport.

Closed city
A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied.

Historically, the construction of closed cities became increasingly common after the beginning of the Cold War, particularly in the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, they remain widespread in Russia and some of the other post-Soviet countries. The Russian government officially designates these closed cities as "closed administrative–territorial formations" (ZATO; Russian: закрытые административно–территориальные образования [ЗАТО]), for the management and execution of high-value research and development concerning nuclear energy, weapons of mass destruction, or the space industry.
Micro Forté
Micro Forté Pty Ltd is an Australian electronic entertainment company with development studios in Canberra and Sydney. Founded in 1985 by John De Margheriti at a time when there was little game development presence in Australia, Micro Forté has been closely linked to the growth of the Australian game development industry, with CEO De Margheriti initiating events such as the Australian Game Developers Conference (AGDC) and founding the Academy of Interactive Entertainment (AIE).

Micro Forté is primarily a developer of massively multiplayer online games and virtual world content.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Nintendomanía
Nintendomanía is a Mexican video game-oriented television program broadcast between 1995 and 2000. The theme of the program was the video games of the Nintendo franchise and its existing consoles such as the NES, SNES, Game Boy, Virtual Boy and Nintendo 64.

It began on TV Azteca in 1995 on Saturday mornings, and was originally presented by Gustavo "Gus" Rodríguez and his son Gustavo Javier Rodríguez Ávila (who appeared in the credits as Javier R. Ávila) and during the program sometimes simply He called him "Chavo" later Maggie Hegyi, Mark Tacher, Daniel Avilés and Alejandra Urdiain joined.

The last program was broadcast on July 22, 2000. The program ended due to structural changes in sales by TV Azteca and Nintendo's refusal to contribute a greater economic amount.

Gus Rodríguez
Gustavo "Gus" Rodríguez (May 27, 1958 – April 11, 2020) was a Mexican screenwriter, television producer, video game journalist, and voice actor. He co-founded the video game magazine Club Nintendo in 1991 and the television program Nintendomanía (1995–2000), both of which became influential in Latin American gaming culture. Scholars have noted that Club Nintendo helped consolidate Nintendo’s success in Mexico during the 1990s and later circulated regionally with a standardized Latin American edition, reaching readers in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru and beyond. As a screenwriter and comedian, he was known for his long-term collaboration with comedian Eugenio Derbez, contributing to television shows including Al Derecho y Al Derbez, XHDRbZ, and La familia P. Luche. He also worked as a voice actor for the Latin American Spanish dubbing of several films and video games. Rodríguez died on April 11, 2020, from complications related to mesothelioma.
Richmond and York River Railroad
The Richmond and York River Railroad Company was incorporated under an act of the Virginia General Assembly on January 31, 1853. The State of Virginia subscribed to 60 per cent of the capital stock. The company built and initially operated 39 miles (63 km) of railroad line between Richmond, Virginia and West Point, Virginia on the York River. The railroad prospered during the first year of the American Civil War but was wrecked during the Peninsula Campaign. It was rebuilt after the Civil War. In 1894, it became part of the Southern Railway Company.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.
Arma people
The Arma people is an
ethnic group of the middle Niger River valley, descended from Moroccan invaders of the 16th century. The name, applied by other groups, derives from the word ar-rumah (Arabic: الرماة) 'fusiliers'.

The Arma ethnicity is distinct from (but sometimes confused with) the 3.6 million Zarma people of western Niger, who predate the Moroccan invasion and speak the Zarma language, also a member of the Songhay languages.

As of 1986, there were some 20,000 self-identified Arma in Mali, mostly around Timbuktu, the middle Niger bend and the Inner Niger Delta.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Megalobulimus amandus
Megalobulimus amandus is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Strophocheilidae. The species is endemic to Brazil and was described based on shells collected in a Caatinga area in the state of Bahia.

Strophocheilidae
Strophocheilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Simon Poulsen
Simon Busk Poulsen (born 7 October 1984) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a left-back.

He has played 31 games for the Denmark national team. Following his retirement from professional football, Poulsen moved to coaching and is currently the assistant coach of SønderjyskE.

AZ Alkmaar
Alkmaar Zaanstreek (Dutch: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr ˈzaːnstreːk]), better known internationally as AZ Alkmaar, or simply and most commonly as AZ (pronounced [aːˈzɛt]) in the Netherlands, is a Dutch professional football club from Alkmaar and the Zaan district. The club plays in the Eredivisie, the highest professional football league in the Netherlands.

AZ won the Eredivisie in 1980–81 and 2008–09. In 1981, they also reached the UEFA Cup final, which they lost to Ipswich Town. The team has won the KNVB Cup on four occasions, and one Johan Cruyff Shield.
BRB Internacional
BRB Internacional S.A.U was a Spanish licensing and production company of animated television series such as Around the World with Willy Fog, Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds and The World of David the Gnome. At the end of January 2018, WildBrain, a leading digital kids' network and studio, has been appointed as the exclusive global manager of BRB Internacional's extensive catalogue of kids' content on YouTube. In 2022, the company closed after filing for bankruptcy. DeAPlaneta acquired the company's library in January 2023.

Wang Film Productions
Wang Film Productions Co., Ltd. (also known as Hong Guang Animation (宏廣) and Cuckoos' Nest Studio) is a Taiwanese animation studio that was founded in 1978. The company, based in Xindian, Taipei with offices in Los Angeles, California, is one of the oldest and most prolific animation studios in Taiwan, and has done traditional hand-drawn 2D animation and ink-and-paint for various animated TV shows and films for studios across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.
Rineloricaria isaaci
Rineloricaria isaaci is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Uruguay River basin in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. The species reaches 10.2 cm (4 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific name honors Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker for his contributions to loricariid taxonomy and systematics.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Beach Break (2021)
The 2021 Beach Break was a professional wrestling television special produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It was the inaugural Beach Break and took place on February 3, 2021, at Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida, broadcast live on TNT as a special episode of AEW's weekly television program, Wednesday Night Dynamite. It replaced Bash at the Beach as the promotion's annual midwinter beach-themed event.

In the main event, Kenny Omega and The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) defeated Jon Moxley and Death Triangle (Pac and Rey Fénix).

Anthony Bowens
Anthony Bowens is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is a former one-time AEW World Tag Team Champion and one-time and longest reigning AEW World Trios Champion as a former member of The Acclaimed.
Kırşehir (electoral district)
Kırşehir is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.

Kırşehir Province
Kırşehir Province (Turkish: Kırşehir ili) is a province in central Turkey, forming part of the Central Anatolia Region. Its area is 6,584 km2, and its population is 244,519 (2022). The average elevation is approximately 985 meters above sea level. The provincial capital is Kırşehir. The geographical centre of all land surfaces on Earth is at 39°00′N 34°00′E﻿ / ﻿39.000°N 34.000°E﻿ / 39.000; 34.000﻿ (Geographical center of all land surfaces on Earth (Woods 1973)), in Kırşehir Province, Turkey.
Wygoda, Sandomierz County
Wygoda [vɨˈɡɔda] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawichost, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Zawichost, 14 km (9 mi) north of Sandomierz, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Zawichost
Zawichost [zaˈvixɔst] ⓘ is a town (ca. 1,800 inhabitants as of 2006) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is located by the Vistula River in Lesser Poland, near Sandomierz. It is first mentioned in historical documents from around 1148. In 1205 the Battle of Zawichost was fought nearby. In 1241, 1259 and 1287 the town was ravaged by Mongol raids. Granted town rights before 1255, in the late Middle Ages it was one of the most important urban centers of Lesser Poland.
Robert van Gasteren
Robert Maria Johannes van Gasteren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɔbərt fɑŋ ˈɣɑstərə(n)]; born 7 January 1959) is a Dutch politician and corporate executive. After studying law in his birthplace of Rotterdam, he worked in human resource management, rising to director-level positions in IT services companies. He worked at multinational Capgemini for twelve years and became chief operating officer (COO) of a smaller IT services company in 2016. Van Gasteren was the chief executive officer (CEO) of a managed services provider between 2017 and 2019 before serving as an independent management advisor.

He ran for a Senate seat in 2023 as a member of the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB). Van Gasteren was not elected, but he was appointed to the Senate on 11 July 2023 following the stepping down of another member.

Managed services
A Managed Service Provider (MSP) is a third-party company that remotely manages a customer's IT infrastructure and end-user systems, typically on a proactive basis and under a subscription model. This contrast with the traditional break/fix or on demand approach, where services are rendered and billed only after a technical failure occurs. Instead, the MSP maintains continuous oversight of the client’s systems, assuming long-term responsibility for the functionality and health of their IT environment.

The external organization is referred to as a managed service(s) provider (MSP).
Hamad Al Harbi
Hamad Hamidi Al Harbi  is a Kuwaiti football forward who played for Kuwait in the 2004 Asian Cup. He also played for Al-Salmiya and Al Naser.
He started his career in 1997 with Al-Nasr Club and played his first match against Kazma at the age of seventeen and succeeded in scoring 13 goals in his first season (98/97). With Al-Nasr, he won the Al-Kharafi Revitalization Championship in 2000 and third place in the Crown Prince Cup competition.
He moved to Salmiya in 2005 for 15,000 Kuwaiti dinars on loan for two seasons, and scored two goals in his first match against Al Sahel in the Kharafi Championship and won with Salmiya third place in this tournament.
Harbi participated in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers for his country, scoring three goals.

2004 AFC Asian Cup
The 2004 AFC Asian Cup was the 13th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It was held from 17 July to 7 August 2004 in China. The defending champions Japan defeated China in the final in Beijing.

The tournament was marked by Saudi Arabia's unexpected failure to even make it out of the first round; a surprisingly good performance by Bahrain, which finished in fourth place; Jordan, which reached the quarterfinals in its first appearance and Indonesia, which gained their historical first Asian Cup win against Qatar. The final match between China and Japan was marked by post-match rioting by Chinese fans near the north gate of Beijing Workers' Stadium, in part due to controversial officiating and anti-Japanese sentiment resulting from historical tensions.
Muay Thai Chaiya
Muay Thai Chaiya or Chaiya (Thai: ไชยา) is a 2007 Thai drama film about two talented muay Thai boxers, boyhood friends whose lives take divergent paths after they arrive in Bangkok. The film is the solo directorial debut by Kongkiat Khomsiri, who had previously been among seven directors on Art of the Devil 2, and had written the screenplay for The Unseeable.

It premiered as the closing film at the 2007 Bangkok International Film Festival, and opened in wide release in Thailand cinemas on August 30, 2007.

2007 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, which was just marginally ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century. It was also the last year to never have a film gross $1 billion until 2020.
Bohemian Palatinate
The Bohemian Palatinate (Czech: Česká Falc) or Bohemian Upper Palatinate (German: Böhmische Oberpfalz), since the 19th century also called New Bohemia (Czech: Nové Čechy, German: Neuböhmen), is a historical area in the northeast of present-day Bavaria (Germany), which from 1353 onwards was incorporated into the Crown of Bohemia by Emperor Charles IV. The Bohemian Palatinate lay in the north of the Upper Palatinate, its territory stretching up to Upper and Middle Franconia close to the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg.

Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Oberpfalz, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, Bavarian: Obapfoiz, Owerpfolz) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities.
Carl Koppelman
Carl Koppelman (born December 1962) is an American professional accountant and unpaid volunteer forensic sketch artist. Since 2009, Koppelman has drawn over 250 reconstructions and age progressions of missing and unidentified people.

Classmates.com
classmates.com is an American social networking service. It was founded on November 17, 1995 by Randy Conrads as Classmates Online, Inc. and headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. It bills itself as the leading online social network service in the United States for bringing high school alumni together, with over 90 million members.

Classmates.com has an archive of over 470,000 old high school yearbooks that have been digitized. Members can also purchase yearbook reprints. Other features of the site include private messaging, conversations, class lists and reunion planning.
Gabriel synthesis
The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel.

The Gabriel reaction has been generalized to include the alkylation of sulfonamides and imides, followed by deprotection, to obtain amines (see Alternative Gabriel reagents).

The alkylation of ammonia is often an unselective and inefficient route to amines. In the Gabriel method, phthalimide anion is employed as a surrogate of H2N−.

Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation.  Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.  Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
Spencer Platt (cricketer)
Spencer Platt (born 24 August 1974) is a former English cricketer. Platt was a left-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper. He was born at Coventry, Warwickshire.

Platt represented the Warwickshire Cricket Board in List A cricket. His debut List A match came against Berkshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. From 1999 to 2001, he represented the Board in 5 matches, the last of which came against Cambridgeshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was held in 2001. In his 5 List A matches, he scored 65 runs at a batting average of 13.00, with a high score of 22. Behind the stumps he took a single catch and made 3 stumpings.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Noel Freeman
Noel Frederick Freeman (born 24 December 1938) is an Australian former athlete who competed mainly in the 20 kilometre walk.

Born in Preston, Victoria, Frederick competed for Australia in the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome in the 20 kilometre walk where he won the silver medal.  He was disqualified in the longer 50 km event whilst in the leading group.

Four years later he took fourth in the 20 km event in Tokyo.

In the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, he was the winner of the 20 mile walk, ahead of fellow Australian Bob Gardiner and Scot Bill Sutherland.

Preston, Victoria
Preston is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km (5.6 mi) north-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Darebin local government area. Preston recorded a population of 33,790 at the 2021 census.