hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
The government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia took office on 1 June 1979 under the terms of the Internal Settlement negotiated between the government of Rhodesia and moderate African nationalists. It ruled the internationally unrecognized country until, under the terms of the Lancaster House Agreement, control was turned over to Lord Soames as the Governor of Southern Rhodesia on 12 December 1979.

The government attempted to include all parties represented in the House of Assembly following the general election, although the Zimbabwe African National Union of Rev Ndabaningi Sithole initially refused to take up their seats.

Ndabaningi Sithole
Ndabaningi Sithole (21 July 1920 – 12 December 2000) was a Zimbabwean politician and statesman who, in July 1963, founded the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant, nationalist organisation that opposed the government of Rhodesia. He worked as a United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (UCCZ) minister. He spent 10 years in prison after the government banned ZANU. A rift along tribal lines split ZANU in 1975, and he lost the 1980 elections to Robert Mugabe.
Yumin Abbadini
Yumin Abbadini (born 6 May 2001) is an Italian artistic gymnast. He was a member of the Italian team that won its first-ever European Championships title in 2023. He also won a European team silver medal in 2022 and bronze in 2024. Individually, he is the 2024 European all-around bronze medalist and the 2022 Italian all-around champion. He represented Italy at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Italy at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Italy competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. Italian athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympics edition of the modern era, with the disputed exception of the 1904 edition in which one Italian may have competed.

The opening ceremony flag-bearers for Italy were Gianmarco Tamberi and Arianna Errigo, while the flag bearers for the closing ceremony were Gregorio Paltrinieri and Rossella Fiamingo.
Matevž Kos
Matevž Kos (born 1966) is a Slovene literary historian and essayist.

Kos was born in Ljubljana in 1966. He studied Comparative literature, Literary theory and Philosophy at the University of Ljubljana and works primarily as a literary critic and essayist and lecturer at the University of Ljubljana. He was head of the Jury for the Kresnik Award between 2004 and 2007. In 1997 he received the Rožanc Award for his book of literary essays Prevzetnost in pristranost (Pride and Prejudice).

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Regencies in Egypt
Regencies in Egypt date back to Pharaonic times. Throughout Egypt's long history, there have been several instances of regents assuming power due to the reigning monarch's minority, physical illness or poor mental health. There have also been several cases of coregencies where two monarchs ruled simultaneously.

Kutayfat
Kutayfāt, also known as Abu Ali Ahmad ibn al-Afdal or al-Afdal Kutayfāt, (d. 1131) was vizier and amīr al-juyūsh (commander of the armies) to al-Hafiz, Caliph of Egypt, from 1130 to 1131. He seized power by imprisoning al-Hafiz, proclaimed the dynasty deposed and abandoned Isma'ilism as the state religion in favour of a vaguely Twelver form of Shi'ism with himself as vicegerent of a hidden imam. but was murdered by Fatimid forces loyal to the caliph. Kutayfāt was the son of al-Afdal Shahanshah and grandson of Badr al-Jamali, and so the third generation of Armenians serving as Fatimid vizier.
Betaproteobacteria-1 RNA motif
The Betaproteobacteria-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
Betaproteobacteria-1 motifs are found in betaproteobacteria.
Betaproteobacteria-1 RNAs likely function in trans as sRNAs.
The motif has three pseudoknots in a moderate size of roughly 120 nucleotides on average.

Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. The pseudoknot was first recognized in the turnip yellow mosaic virus in 1982. Pseudoknots fold into knot-shaped three-dimensional conformations but are not true topological knots. These structures are categorized as cross (X) topology within the circuit topology framework, which, in contrast to knot theory, is a contact-based approach.
1957 Hogan Cup
The 1957 Hogan Cup was the fourth staging of the Hogan Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1946. The competition ran from 31 March to 14 April 1957. It was the first competition to be completed since 1948.

St Mel's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the Connacht Championship.

The final was played on 14 April 1957 at Croke Park in Dublin, between St Nathy's College and St Colman's College, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Nathy's College won the match by 1–07 to 0–04 to claim their first ever Hogan Cup title.

St Nathy's College
St  Nathy's College is a Catholic secondary school in Ballaghaderreen in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is the diocesan college for the Diocese of Achonry. It is one of the oldest secondary schools in Ireland, having been founded in 1810. The School was located from 1893–96 in Edmundstown House, the former residence of the Bishop. The Diocese purchased Ballaghaderreen Military Barracks from the War Office, and the School moved there in 1896.
In 1995 the school ceased to be a boarding school.
St. Nathys amalgamated with St. Josephs Convent (Sisters of Charity), and with the local Ballaghaderreen VEC school, becoming a co-educational school.

2010 saw the celebration of 200 years of the college, St Nathy’s 1810 to 2010, Reflections and Memories of Past Pupils, edited by Fr. Leo Henry, was published as part of the celebrations.
Southern Avenue, Kolkata
Southern Avenue is an avenue in South Kolkata connecting Golpark with Kalighat. It falls under the Ballygunge area. It is a 3-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) road with a centre boulevard that runs from Gariahat Road on the east to Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Road on the west, crossing Sarat Bose Road-Deboki Kumar Bose Sarani (near Rabindra Sarobar Stadium) on its way. The road is renamed after Dr. Meghnad Saha, a famous Indian scientist but the original name Southern Avenue is used commonly.

Nazrul Mancha
Nazrul Mancha (Bengali: নজরুল মঞ্চ) is an auditorium in Kolkata, India. Named after Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam, the auditorium is notably used as the venue for the Dover Lane Music Conference in January each year, where audiences enjoy musical performances for four consecutive nights.

In 1996, famous American musician Pete Seeger had performed at Nazrul Mancha.
In 2012, the Finnish band Poets of the Fall performed at Nazrul Mancha during its Temple of Thought tour in India.
Livia Peng
Livia Maïté Peng (Swiss Standard German: [ˈliːvɪ̯a ma.ite peŋ]; born 14 March 2002) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Women's Super League club Chelsea and the Switzerland national team. She previously played for Bundesliga club Werder Bremen, Damallsvenskan club BK Häcken FF. and for Swiss Women's Super League club FC Zürich.

Switzerland women's national football team
The Switzerland women's national football team represents Switzerland in international women's football.

Playing their first match in 1972, Switzerland did not enter their first major tournament until 2015, playing the World Cup, and then managed to qualify for Euro 2017, Euro 2022 and the 2023 World Cup in Australia and New Zealand.
Yalamaya Kendra
Yalamaya Kendra is a heritage center in Kathmandu, Nepal. It comprises three conference halls i.e. Baggi Khana, Gaushala1, Gaushala2 and a restaurant Dhokaima Cafe.
Yala is the ancient name of Patan City.
These halls are made by moderating the stables and cowshed of Rana General Madan Samsher.

Some regular programs like Monthly classical music program (every 2nd day of Nepali month) and weekly personality development workshop are held in this venue.

Rato Bangala School and Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya are attached to the center.

Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya
Madan Puraskār Pustakālaya (Nepali: मदन पुरस्कार पुस्तकालय) is a library of books and periodicals in the Nepali language. The library is a not-for-profits and non-governmental institution that is run by a trust. In addition to the archive, the library is involved in many other areas like publishing, educational training and development of information technology in Nepali language. The library also manages Madan Puraskar and Jagadamba Shree Purasakar prizes.

The library is located at Patan Dhoka, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Crypto-1
Crypto1 is a proprietary encryption algorithm (stream cipher) and authentication protocol created by NXP Semiconductors for its MIFARE Classic RFID contactless smart cards launched in 1994. Such cards have been used in many notable systems, including Oyster card, CharlieCard and OV-chipkaart.

By 2009, cryptographic research had reverse engineered the cipher and a variety of attacks were published that effectively broke the security.

NXP responded by issuing "hardened" (but still backwards compatible) cards, the MIFARE Classic EV1. However, in 2015 a new attack rendered the cards insecure, and NXP now recommends migrating away from MIFARE Classic.

Contactless smart card
A contactless smart card is a contactless credential whose dimensions are credit card size. Its embedded integrated circuits can store (and sometimes process) data and communicate with a terminal via NFC. Commonplace uses include transit tickets, bank cards and passports.

There are two broad categories of contactless smart cards. Memory cards contain non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps some specific security logic. Contactless smart cards contain read-only RFID called CSN (Card Serial Number) or UID, and a re-writeable smart card microchip that can be transcribed via radio waves.
Finnish minelayer Ruotsinsalmi
Ruotsinsalmi was a minelayer of the Finnish Navy and the namesake of her class. Ruotsinsalmi was commissioned in 1940 and remained in service until 1975. The vessel was named after the Battle of Ruotsinsalmi, which was fought between Sweden and Russia in 1790.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Cecile Gray Bazelon
Cecile Gray Bazelon (September 25, 1927 - January 17, 2023) was an American painter living in New York City. Bazelon was best known for her perspectives of unpeopled New York cityscapes, and her depictions of interior spaces framed in geometric patterns.

ARTnews
ARTnews is an American online arts magazine based in New York City, formerly issued in print. Founded in 1902 and now the oldest art publication in the world, it covers visual arts from ancient to contemporary times. The publication includes news dispatches from correspondents, investigative reports, exhibition reviews, and profiles of artists and art collectors. Originally a print magazine issued at varying frequencies throughout its history, ARTnews transitioned to a digital publication and ceased its monthly and quarterly print issues in the 2010s and 2020s after a series of ownership changes that included merging with the magazine Art in America.
Glenwood, California
Glenwood, California, is an unincorporated area of Santa Cruz County.  It is located at coordinates 37°6′29″N 121°59′8″W﻿ / ﻿37.10806°N 121.98556°W﻿ / 37.10806; -121.98556, and is 891 feet above sea level.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
2018 Gibraltar Darts Trophy
The 2018 Gibraltar Darts Trophy was the seventh of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2018 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar from 8–10 June 2018. It featured a field of 48 players and £135,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Michael Smith was the defending champion after defeating Mensur Suljović 6–4 in the 2017 final, but he lost 6–5 to Jermaine Wattimena in the second round.

Michael van Gerwen won the title for a third time by defeating Adrian Lewis 8–3 in the final.

Adrian Lewis
Adrian Lewis (born 21 January 1985) is an English professional darts player who formerly competed in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "Jackpot", he is a two-time PDC World Champion, having won the title in 2011 and 2012, and has won two other major televised PDC titles, the European Championship in 2013 and the UK Open in 2014. He is a four-time winner of the PDC World Cup of Darts, having partnered with Phil Taylor as part of the England team.

Lewis has won a total of 26 PDC titles in his career. After withdrawing from multiple PDC events, he announced in April 2023 that he was taking a break from competitive darts, due in part to health issues affecting his wife and daughter.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport, Lewis has been described as one of the most naturally talented darts players of all time.
Parot
Parot is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfonso Parot (born 1989), Chilean footballer

Carmen Luz Parot (born 1967), Chilean journalist and documentary filmmaker

Catalina Parot (born 1956), Chilean lawyer and politician

Henri Parot (born 1958), Spanish murderer

Hubert Parot (1933–2015), French equestrian

Jean-François Parot (born 1946), French diplomat and writer

Samuel Parot (born 1964), Chilean equestrian

Catalina Parot
María Catalina Parot Donoso (born 9 March 1956) is a Chilean lawyer, entrepreneur and politician currently serving as Minister of National Assets.

She has served as president of the National Television Council, as well as Minister of National Assets during the first presidency of Sebastián Piñera, between March 2010 and November 2012.
Drizipara
Drizipara (Greek: Δριζιπάρα), also known as Druzipara, Drousipara, Drusipara; now Büyükkarıştıran/Büyükkarıştıran' in Lüleburgaz district, was a city and a residential episcopal see in the Roman province of Europa in the civil diocese of Thrace. It is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.

Byzantium
Byzantium (/bɪˈzæntiəm, -ʃəm/) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinization Byzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BCE and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Illinois Route 130
Illinois Route 130 is a north–south state highway in eastern Illinois. It runs from Illinois Route 1 in Grayville north to Interstate 74 in Urbana. This is a distance of 135.87 miles (218.66 km). Illinois 130 is the main north–south highway through Charleston, the home of Eastern Illinois University.

Charleston, Illinois
Charleston is a city in and the county seat of Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,286, as of the 2020 census.  The city is home to Eastern Illinois University and has close ties with its neighbor, Mattoon. Both are principal cities of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Theodor Dingermann
Theodor Dingermann is a German pharmacist. He was professor of pharmaceutical biology at the Goethe University Frankfurt from 1990 to 2013. He specializes in biochemistry and molecular biology. He is the editor of Die Pharmazie.

Die Pharmazie
Die Pharmazie (English: The Pharmacy) is an academic journal published monthly by Govi-Verlag Pharmazautischer Verlag. The journal includes original papers, reviews, book reviews, and short communications.  Originally published in Berlin by Verlag Dr. W. Saenger in German only from 1946 to 1972, it is now published at Eschborn in English.
Outline of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a sovereign island nation located in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.  Its 389-square-kilometre (150 sq mi) territory consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines.  The country has a French and British colonial history and is now part of the Commonwealth of Nations and CARICOM.

Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is accomplished through the transmission of information by various types of technologies within Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, mainly telephones, radio, television, and the Internet.
Motswedi
Motswedi is a Village in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality in the North West province of South Africa.

The village is 44 km north-west of Zeerust; the Riet River rises in the north of the village.

The first recorded mention of the settlement is around 1800, when it was occupied by the baKgatla ba ga Mmanaana, who abandoned the village in 1808 after being attacked by the baNgwaketse. It was then occupied by the baHurutshe, and became the headquarters of the independent baHurutshe boo Manyane in the 1880s. In the 1970s and 1980s Motswedi expanded, and a large dam and schools were established.

Bangwaketse
The Bangwaketse (also known as the BaNgwaketse, or Ngwaketse) are one of the eight principal tribes in Botswana, and are ethnic Tswana. (The "Ba" or "Bo" prefix in African tribal names in southern Africa means "people of" or "people who speak". "Ma" means "person of".) Kanye is the original Bangwaketse village located in the Southern District settled in 1853, originally called Ntsweng Hill. The king of the tribe is King Malope II, son of Seepapitso IV. The Bangwaketse people live in the arid mountainous region of Southern Botswana mentioned in the book Cherub: Guardian Angel. It is bordered by Moshupa, Lobatse, and Jwaneng, and it is a 45-minute drive from Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. The village is served by Kanye Airport.

A documentary on the Bangwaketse royal family was filmed in 2003–2005: "The Queen's Courtyard".
Mullakkal
Mullakkal is an area in Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India. It is part of Alappuzha municipality. This is the main town center of the Alleppey town.

The Mullakkal Rajarajeswari Temple is a Hindu temple in Alappuzha, Kerala, India. The temple is also known as the Mullakkal Bhagwati Temple.
The temple was designed and built in the old Kerala style. The temple grounds is filled with jasmine plants, after which the place may have been named, since 'mullai' in Tamil and 'mulla' in Malayalam mean jasmine. There are several stories related to the origin of the temple and its foundation. The idol in the inner shrine is that of the goddess Durga. The temple is run by the Travancore Devaswom Board.

Devaswom boards in Kerala
Devaswom (Sanskrit: dēvasvaṁ;
transl. "Belonging to the God") are socio-religious trusts in India, whose members are nominated by the government and community. They oversee Hindu temples and their assets to ensure their smooth operation in accordance with traditional rituals and customs. The devaswom system notably exists in the state of Kerala, where most temples are either managed by Government of Kerala-controlled devaswoms or private bodies or families. The properties of each temple are deemed to be the personal property of the presiding deity of the temple, and are managed through a body of trustees who bear allegiance to that deity.

The five Kerala devaswoms—Guruvayur, Travancore, Malabar, Cochin, and Koodalmanikyam—manage nearly 3,000 temples together.
1965 (song)
"1965" is a song by American singer Jessie Murph from her second studio album, Sex Hysteria (2025). It was released on July 18, 2025, through Columbia Records. It was produced by Vynk, Steve Rusch and Laura Veltz, all of whom wrote the song with Murph.

"1965" was met with widespread controversy and criticism regarding the lyrics' depiction of women's roles, and obscene displays in the corresponding music video. Murph defended the song, describing it as satire and a joke.

Laura Veltz
Laura Jeanne Veltz is an American songwriter and musician. She previously was the vocalist and multi-instrumentalist of family pop-rock group Cecilia. She was nominated for the first ever Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards for her work on releases by Maren Morris, Demi Lovato and Ingrid Andress.
Lohar (caste)
Lohar or Lohra is considered to be a caste among Hindus and a clan among Muslims and Sikhs in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand, and in Nepal. They form traditionally artisanal castes. Writers of the British Raj period often used the term Lohara as a synonym for blacksmith, although there are other traditional smiting communities, such as the Ramgarhia and Sikligar, and numerous non-traditional communities, including the Kayastha, Rajput and Brahmin.

Sikligar
The Sikligar (also known as Moyal) is a community found in the Indian states of Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab. By tradition, the Sikligar people specialized in the craft of making and polishing weapons. They are typically either Hindu or Sikhs in Punjab, Gujarat, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh; and  Haryana. In Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka and Maharashtra, there are also Muslim Sikligars.