hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eagle (application server)
EAGLE is a Web-based, mainframe-powered application server which provides direct, secure, high performance Internet access to mainframe computer data and transactions using real-time transaction processing rather than middleware or external gateways.

Originally based in an IBM 3270 environment developed at the University of Florida to reduce the delivery time of student record applications, the engine was configured for the Web in 1996 and removed the need for a screen scraping interface.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
Kelvingrove Lawn Bowls Centre
The Kelvingrove Lawn Bowls and Tennis Centre is a sports complex located in Glasgow, Scotland. Located on Kelvin Way off Sauchiehall Street and adjacent to the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Kelvingrove Park and the Yorkhill and Kelvingrove residential neighbourhoods, it is owned by Glasgow City Council and was a venue for the 2014 Commonwealth Games and has been used for the purpose since at least 1910. In addition to a number of lawn bowls greens, the facility has six artificial grass tennis courts which are available to the public to play for free.

Prior to becoming an extension of the park to serve as the venue for the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry in 1888, the land was occupied by Kelvinbank House, a mansion dating from the 1780s, with the property sited almost exactly on the location of the bowling centre pavilion.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Qurnah disaster
The Qurnah disaster was a May 1855 shipwreck at Al-Qurnah, in modern Basra Governorate Iraq, near the confluence point of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It represents one of the most high profile disasters in the history of archaeology. In the words of British Assyriologist C.J. Gadd, "the loss was, literally, immense, for there is no longer any exact information as to what this vast cargo contained".

The disaster took place during a period of civil unrest, during a period of fighting between the Al-Muntafiq confederation and the Ottoman Empire. The fighting ended with an Al-Muntafiq leader being appointed as provincial governor and tax farmer by the Ottomans, creating problems with the tribes not allied to their confederation.

Al-Muntafiq
Al-Muntafiq (Arabic: المنتفق) was a large Arab tribal confederation of southern Iraq and Kuwait. The confederation's tribes predominantly settled in Iraq's southern provinces and northern Kuwait.

The confederation is not homogeneous in terms of sect/religion. Centuries of intermarriage and intermingling created a mix of Sunni and Shia tribes. Therefore, a minority of individual tribes within the confederation is Sunni.

Overall, it is almost impossible to delineate who is, and who is not part of the Muntafiq.
Eulamprotes atrella
Eulamprotes atrella, the two-spotted neb, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found from most of Europe, east to Japan. The habitat consists of mixed deciduous woodlands.

The wingspan is 10.8–13 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August in one generation per year. Palpi pale yellowish. Forewings dark purplish-fuscous; a triangular whitish-ochreous  tornal spot, and another on costa beyond it. Hindwings grey. Larva pale whitish-green; head very pale brown; 2 with a grey plate and two black spots. Pupa in a flat case formed of a portion of the mined stem.

The larvae feed on Hypericum species, including Hypericum maculatum.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
Kuretake (art products)
Kuretake Co., Ltd. (株式会社くれたけ, Kabushiki Gaisha Kure Take) is a Japanese manufacturing company of writing implements. The firm began its activities manufacturing sumi ink and brushes and then expanded its range of products, producing mainly pens.

Current range of products manufactured by Kuretake includes markers, brush pens, inks, watercolors.

Writing implement
A writing implement or writing instrument is an object used to produce writing. Writing consists of different figures, lines, and or forms. Most of these items can be also used for other functions such as painting, drawing and technical drawing, but writing instruments generally have the ordinary requirement to create a smooth, controllable line.

Another writing implement employed by a smaller population is the stylus used in conjunction with the slate for punching out the dots in Braille.
San Giorgio, Casalbuttano
45°15′04.6″N 9°57′54.8″E﻿ / ﻿45.251278°N 9.965222°E﻿ / 45.251278; 9.965222
San Giorgio is a late-Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic parish church located in Casalbuttano, Province of Cremona, region of Lombardy, Italy.

Province of Cremona
The province of Cremona (Italian: provincia di Cremona; Cremunés: pruvìncia de Cremùna; Cremish: pruìnsa de Cremùna; Casalasco-Viadanese: pruvìncia ad Cramòna) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital city is Cremona.

The province occupies the central section of Padana Plain, so the whole territory is flat, without any mountains or hills, crossed by several rivers, such as the Serio and Adda, and artificial canals, most of which are used for irrigation.

The river Po, which is the longest Italian river, is the natural boundary with the adjoining province of Piacenza, while the Oglio separates the province from Brescia.
Waw-conjunctive
The conjunctive waw or vav conjunctive  (Hebrew:  ו' החיבור  vav hakhibur) is the coordinating conjunction meaning 'and' in Hebrew, spelled with the letter vav.

It is a proclitic—i.e., although its syntactic distribution is that of an independent word, it is pronounced as a prefix attached to the word following it. In Modern Hebrew, it is typically pronounced /ve/, though a prescriptivist tradition recommends pronouncing it as /u/ when followed by a consonant cluster or labial consonant, maintaining a pattern from the Tiberian pronunciation of Biblical Hebrew.

It is distinct from waw-consecutive, which is the Biblical use of vav as a prefix on verbs.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").
David James (cricketer, born 1791)
David James (3 June 1791 – 1 May 1846) was an English cricketer who was active in the 1810s. James, who was born in Marylebone, is recorded in two matches for Old Etonians, totalling 11 runs with a highest score of 9. He held two catches and took 3 wickets including one return of 4 wickets in an innings. He died in Lincoln's Inn, London, aged 54.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
Kegalu Balika Vidyalaya
Kegalu Balika Vidyalaya (Sinhala: කෑගලු බලිකා විද්‍යාලය) is a National Buddhist girls' School in Kegalle, Sri Lanka.

The school, the Kegalu Buddhist English Ladies College, was established on 2 November 1943 by the Buddhist Theosophical Society, in response to the prevailing English missionary school system. It was the first Buddhist girls’ school in the Kegalle District. The initial enrolment was seven students, and the founding principal was Anula Udalagama.

National school (Sri Lanka)
A National school (Sinhala: ජාතික පාසල, Jathika Pasala, Tamil: தேசியப் பாடசாலை) in Sri Lanka is a school that is funded and administered by the Ministry of Education of the central government as opposed to Provincial schools run by the local provincial council. These schools provide secondary education (some including collegiate), with some providing primary education as well. The classification began in 1985, with 18 schools being designated as national schools. Today, there are 396 National  Schools in country constituting 3 percent of total National and Provincial Schools.
2024 Ningbo Open – Singles
Daria Kasatkina defeated Mirra Andreeva in the final, 6–0, 4–6, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Ningbo Open. It was her eighth WTA Tour singles title, and she saved two match points en route (in her quarterfinal match against Yulia Putintseva).

Ons Jabeur was the reigning champion, but did not participate due to injury.

Yulia Putintseva
Yulia Antonovna Putintseva (Russian: Ю́лия Анто́новна Пу́тинцева, pronounced [ˈjʉlʲɪjə ɐnˈtonəvnə pʊˈtʲintsɨvə]; born 7 January 1995) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 20 on 27 January 2025, and a best doubles ranking of No. 76 on 17 March 2025.

Putintseva has won three singles titles on the WTA Tour and is a three-time major quarterfinalist (twice at the French Open and once at the US Open).
Øyvind S. Bruland
Øyvind Sverre Bruland (born 14 December 1952) is a professor of Clinical Oncology and faculty of Medicine at the University of Oslo. He published his first Publication

in 1988 when he was 32 years old. Bruland holds a B.Sc., M.D and Ph.D. from the University of Oslo, Norway. His research includes: primary bone and soft tissue cancers (sarcomas) and skeletal metastases from prostate cancer and breast cancer; targeted radionuclide therapy, for instance the clinical development of Alpharadin, based on Radium-223; the tumor biology and prognostic impact of micro-metastases in bone-marrow aspirates on patients with primary bone cancer (osteosarcoma); external beam radiotherapy; and the radiotherapy of skeletal metastases and soft-tissue sarcomas.

He has served as supervisor to twelve Ph.D. students, nine so far having completed their Ph.D. theses. In 2008 he was elected as a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Soft tissue
Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes. Soft tissue is tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth.

It is sometimes defined by what it is not – such as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal mesenchyme exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system and glia".
Kauravudu
Kauravudu is a 2000 Indian Telugu-language film directed by V. Jyothikumar. The film stars Nagendra Babu and Ramya Krishna in lead roles. It was produced by K. Padmaja under the banners of Sai Varun Teja Arts and Anjana Productions. The music was composed by Mani Sharma, with cinematography by Mohan Chand and editing by K. Rango Paul Reddy. The film was a remake of Kannada film Kowrava, which itself was inspired by the Tamil film Kadalora Kavithaigal, which was remade in Telugu as Aradhana. Kauravudu was not successful at the box office.

Aradhana (1987 film)
Aradhana (transl. Admiration) is a 1987 Indian Telugu-language romantic musical film directed by Bharathiraja. It stars Chiranjeevi, Suhasini, Rajasekhar and Radhika. The music was scored by Ilaiyaraaja. Allu Aravind produced this film on his home production, Geetha Arts. It was a remake of Bharathiraja's Tamil film Kadalora Kavithaigal (1986). The film was released on 27 March 1987, and was a box office failure.
Steel Hammer
Steel Hammer is a 2009 composition for three sopranos and chamber ensemble by the American composer Julia Wolfe.  It was first performed on November 21, 2009, at Zankel Hall by the contemporary classical music groups Bang on a Can and Trio Mediæval.  The piece is based on the ballad of the African-American tall tale John Henry.  The composition was a finalist for the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Music.

Trio Mediæval
Trio Mediæval is a vocal trio established in 1997 in Oslo, mainly to sing medieval polyphonic works. Its members are Anna Maria Friman (from Sweden) and Linn Andrea Fuglseth and Torunn Østrem Ossum (from Norway).

The trio's debut album, Words of the Angel, charted in the Top Ten of the Billboard Classical list. In 2009 the group received a nomination for Best Chamber Music Performance Grammy Award for the album Folk Songs.
Deinandra halliana
Deinandra halliana, Hall's tarplant, is a California species of plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It has been found in the Coast Ranges of Central California, in Monterey, Fresno, San Benito, and San Luis Obispo Counties.

Deinandra halliana is an annual herb up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall. It produces numerous flower heads in an open array, each head containing 8-14 yellow ray florets and as many as 60 disc florets with yellow corollas but yellow or brown anthers.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Perup, Western Australia
Perup is a rural locality of the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Muir Highway forms the southern border of the locality while the Perup River runs through Perup from north to south. The south-eastern corner of Greater Kingston National Park sticks into the north of the locality.

Perup is located on the traditional land of the Bibulman people of the Noongar nation.

The heritage listed Perup Homestead, listed on the shire's heritage list and on the now defunct Register of the National Estate, is located within Perup, having been constructed in 1885. It is at the site of a shepherd's hut build by the Muir family in 1855, early European settlers in the area.

In the 1940s Perup-reared cattle were considered as high value.

The south-western part of the Tone-Perup Nature Reserve is located within Perup. The nature reserve is one of two locations home to numbats, the other one being Dryandra Woodland National Park.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin
Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), is an abnormal form of the coagulation protein, prothrombin. Normally, the prothrombin precursor undergoes post-translational carboxylation (addition of a carboxylic acid group) by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in the liver prior to secretion into plasma. DCP/PIVKA-II may be detected in people with deficiency of vitamin K (due to poor nutrition or malabsorption) and in those taking warfarin or other medication that inhibits the action of vitamin K.

Carboxylation
Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide. The opposite reaction is decarboxylation. In chemistry, the term carbonation is sometimes used synonymously with carboxylation, especially when applied to the reaction of carbanionic reagents with CO2. More generally, carbonation usually describes the production of carbonates.
Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000
The Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000 (or PAIA; Act No. 2 of 2000) is a freedom of information law in South Africa. It gives the constitutional right of access to any information held by the State and any information held by private bodies that is required for the exercise and protection of any rights.

The Act was previously enforced by the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC), but since 1 July 2021 has been enforced by the Information Regulator.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Robert de Crull
Sir Robert de Crull (or Sir Robert Crull) (1329–1378) was Clerk of the King's Ships (former title 'Keeper and Governor of the King's Ships and Warden of the Sea and Maritime Parts') under Edward III of England, the first English monarch to declare England to be "the Sovereign of the Seas", and during the first year of Richard II's reign.

Navy Board
The Navy Board (formerly known as the Council of the Marine or Council of the Marine Causes) was the commission responsible for the day-to-day civil administration of the Royal Navy between 1546 and 1832. The board was headquartered within the Navy Office.
The Rotten Core
"The Rotten Core" is the fourteenth episode of the eleventh season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead. The 167th episode of the series overall, the episode was directed by Marcus Stokes and written by Erik Mountain & Jim Barnes. "The Rotten Core" premiered on AMC on March 27, 2022.

In the episode, Maggie (Lauren Cohan) and Lydia (Cassady McClincy) help Aaron (Ross Marquand) and Gabriel (Seth Gilliam) on a rescue mission. In the chaos, Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) finds himself caring for Hershel (Kien Michael Spiller). Sebastian Milton (Teo Rapp-Olsson) coerces Daryl (Norman Reedus) and Rosita (Christian Serratos) into carrying out a robbery. The episode received very positive reviews from critics.

Gabriel Stokes (The Walking Dead)
Father Gabriel Stokes is a fictional character from the comic book series The Walking Dead and is portrayed by Seth Gilliam in the television series of the same name. He is an Episcopal priest from Georgia who isolated himself from the outside world at the beginning of the outbreak, after shutting out the members of his congregation, causing their deaths. He is struggling to come to terms with the new reality he faces and his own faith.
Arboretum de Montmorency
47°57′N 5°45′E﻿ / ﻿47.95°N 5.75°E﻿ / 47.95; 5.75
The Arboretum de Montmorency (3 hectares) is an arboretum located on Allée de Montmorency, Bourbonne-les-Bains, Haute-Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum is laid out as an English park, and contains 250 species of trees and shrubs from around the world, including 90 species of conifers and 95 species of deciduous trees. Notable specimens include European Black Pine, Ginkgo biloba, Jeffrey Pine, Judas Tree, Lebanon Cedar, Northern Red Oak, sequoia, etc.

Cedrus libani
Cedrus libani, commonly known as cedar of Lebanon, Lebanon cedar, or Lebanese cedar (Arabic: أرز لبناني, romanized: ʾarz lubnāniyy), is a species of large evergreen conifer in the genus Cedrus, which belongs to the pine family and is native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Known for its longevity, height, and durable wood, it has held profound significance for millennia. The tree features in ancient Mesopotamian and Israelite literature, notably in the Hebrew Bible, according to which the tree was used in the construction of the Jerusalem Temple by Solomon, who received the trees from Hiram of Tyre. Today, it is the national emblem of Lebanon and is widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
Smartrac
Smartrac N.V. is a Dutch manufacturer of high security RFID inlays. It is the world's largest supplier of inlays for ePassports. Since 2006, its shares are listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

The JPMorgan-owned private equity firm One Equity Partners agreed to the leveraged buyout of Smartrac on 30 August 2010, resulting in the removal of the company from the TecDAX index on 19 November 2010.

In November 2019, Smartrac Technology Group announced a binding agreement with Avery Dennison Corporation to sell its RFID transponder business. The acquisition was completed in March 2020.

One Equity Partners
One Equity Partners is a private equity firm with over $10 billion in assets under management which primarily deals with the industrial, healthcare and technology sectors in North America and Europe. One Equity Partners was the merchant banking arm of JPMorgan Chase, focused on leveraged buyout and growth capital investments in middle-market companies. Formed by Bank One in 2001, the group has offices in New York City, Chicago, São Paulo, Vienna, Hong Kong and Frankfurt.
Edward Hastings (died 1603)
Sir Edward Hastings (died possibly 1603) was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Tregony in 1571, and Leicestershire in 1597–98. He was knighted by Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, in 1570.

Tregony (UK Parliament constituency)
Tregony was a rotten borough in Cornwall first represented in the Model Parliament of 1295. It continuously returned two Members of Parliament to the English, and later British, Parliament from 1562 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.