hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air commodore
Air commodore (Air Cdre or Air Cmde) is an air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.

Air commodore is immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal. It is usually equivalent to a commodore or a brigadier/brigadier general.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "air commandant".

Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service
Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (PMRAFNS) is the nursing branch of the British Royal Air Force.

It was established as the Royal Air Force Temporary Nursing Service (RAFNS) in 1918, and became part of the permanent establishment as the Royal Air Force Nursing Service on 27 January 1921.  It received the Royal prefix after Princess Mary agreed to become its Patron in June 1923.

It was a women-only branch until 1980, when men were also permitted to join.  Until the Second World War, it was only open to unmarried women, or childless widows.  There was also a Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (Reserve) (PMRAFNS(R)) to supplement the regular service during times of war or emergencies.

A history of the service was commissioned from the writer Mary Mackie and appeared in 2001. An updated and extended edition covering subsequent decades (including service in Afghanistan) was published in September 2014.
Jika
"Jika" (Zulu: "Twist") is a song by South African house band Mi Casa. It was released as the lead single from their second studio album, Su Casa (2013), and was the most played song for 12 straight weeks on several radio stations in South Africa, including Metro FM, 5FM, YFM, Ukhozi FM, and Gagasi 99.5 FM. "Jika" peaked at number one on BBC Radio 1Xtra, a digital radio station in the United Kingdom, and topped the MTV Base Official SA Top 10 chart for the week of 31 October through 6 November 2013. Moreover, it peaked at number one on Trace TV's 30 Urban Hits.

Ukhozi FM
Ukhozi FM is a South African national radio station & owned by SABC, based in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal that caters to the needs of the Zulu-speaking community. Founded in 1960, it is the largest radio station in South Africa and Africa (by listenership). The station has a broadcasting licence from ICASA.

Ukhozi means "eagle" in Zulu.
Callophrys spinetorum
Callophrys spinetorum, the thicket hairstreak, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1867. It is found in North America from British Columbia through the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Mexico and through California to Baja California. The habitat consists of pinyon-juniper forests, mixed woodlands, and coniferous forests.

The wingspan is 25–32 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August in one generation per year. They feed on flower nectar.

The larvae are specialists, feeding on the shoots, flowers, and fruit of dwarf mistletoes in the genus Arceuthobium. In particular, larvae have been documented feeding on A. campylopodum, A. occidentale, A. abietinum, A. blumeri, A. cyanocarpum, A. laricis, A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, A. divaricatum, and A. globosum. The larvae resemble their host plants, both because of their segmented bodies and because they take on the color of their food, an example of mimicry.

Generalist and specialist species
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Most organisms do not all fit neatly into either group, however. Some species are highly specialized (the most extreme case being monophagous, eating one specific type of food), others less so, and some can tolerate many different environments. In other words, there is a continuum from highly specialized to broadly generalist species.
London Vichy Pullman Express
The Londres-Vichy Pullman Express was a Pullman train that ran between London and Vichy in France primarily to serve passengers wishing to visit the thermal baths for which Vichy was famous. The Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits established the service on 14 May 1927.

It was a seasonal train. From 1927 to 1930 the through coaches from Boulogne to Vichy were first class; second class coaches and goods vans were added to the train at Paris-Nord.  The train transferred from Paris-Nord to Paris-Lyon via the 'little circle'.

From 1928 Étoile du Nord carriages were used on the Paris-Vichy section.

The service ended on 19 September 1930. From then until 1939 ordinary trains served the Boulogne-Vichy route.

The service was an early victim of the Great Depression. The loss of demand ended a number of luxury trains.

Pullman train (UK)
Pullman trains in Great Britain were mainline luxury railway services that operated with first-class coaches and a steward service, provided by the British Pullman Car Company (PCC) from 1874 until 1962, and then by British Railways from 1962 until 1972. Many named mainline service trains have subsequently used the word 'Pullman' in their titles, but most of these have been normal trains with increased first-class accommodation. Since 1982 however, some railtours have been operated by companies using Pullman coaches dating from the 1920s to 1950s to recreate the ambience of the heyday of Pullman travel.
Óscar Figueroa (weightlifter)
Oscar Albeiro Figueroa Mosquera (born 27 April 1983) is a retired Colombian weightlifter, and a gold medallist competing in the 62 kg category until 2018 and 67 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories. He was born in the rural township of Zaragoza, located in Cartago, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

He initially retired from the sport after the 2016 Summer Olympics, but returned to international competition and competed at the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships. He formally announced his retirement again in November 2019.

2018 World Weightlifting Championships
The 2018 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from 1 to 10 November 2018. This was the first World Championship after the IWF changed their weight classes and nullified all world records. As a result, this World Championship saw a total of 31 senior men's world records and 41 senior women's world records set.

To celebrate the event, then-President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow lifted a golden weight bar, albeit without any actual weights, during a cabinet meeting while his subordinates applauded him. The bizarre scene, broadcast on state media, was met with ridicule by worldwide press.
Hyundai Lambda engine
The Hyundai Lambda engine family is the company's all-aluminium V6 engine manufactured since 2005. It is currently manufactured at Hyundai's plant in Asan, South Korea. It used to be manufactured at HMMA plant in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. All versions of this engine use a timing chain.

Asan
Asan (Korean: 아산; Korean pronunciation: [a.san]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It borders the Seoul Capital Area to the north. Asan has a population of approximately 400,000.

Asan is known for its many hot springs and is a city of spas.

Asan has grown into the neighboring village, Onyang-dong, which is also known for its hot springs.
Kenmore Air Harbor
Kenmore Air Harbor (IATA: KEH, FAA LID: S60) is a public-use seaplane base at the northern end of Lake Washington and
1 nmi (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) south of the central business district of Kenmore, Washington, U.S. It primarily serves western Washington and parts of southwestern British Columbia. The base is primarily used by regional seaplane airline Kenmore Air.

Western Washington
Western Washington is a region of the United States defined as the area of Washington State west of the Cascade Mountains. This region is home to the state's largest city, Seattle, the state capital, Olympia, and most of the state's residents. The climate is generally far more damp and temperate than that of Eastern Washington.
Andy West (biologist)
Andrew West CRSNZ was the Vice Chancellor of Lincoln University, New Zealand from 2012 to June 2015.

West holds a degree in ecology at the University of Westminster, and has a PhD from the Council for National Academic Awards. Prior to becoming Vice-Chancellor at Lincoln, West was the Chief Executive at GNS Science and Chief Executive at AgResearch. He also had leading positions at the Tertiary Education Commission and the New Zealand Qualifications Authority. He is a Companion of the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

GNS Science
GNS Science (Māori: Te Pū Ao), officially registered as the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, is a New Zealand Crown Research Institute. It focuses on geology, geophysics (including seismology and volcanology), and nuclear science (particularly ion-beam technologies, isotope science and carbon dating). On 1 July 2025 GNS Science became part of the new Public Research Organisation Earth Sciences New Zealand.
Mark Illsley
Mark Illsley (born June 4, 1958) is a film director best known for writing and directing the film Happy, Texas, which starred William H. Macy and Steve Zahn, and directing Bookies.

Illsley was raised in Santa Rosa, California where he made films as a teen with a Super-8 camera. He graduated from the USC School of Cinema-Television in 1981, where he met and started working relationship with Kevin Reynolds.

Happy, Texas triggered a bidding war that played out at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival, with Harvey Weinstein and Miramax beating out other suitors, which included Fox Searchlight, Paramount Classics and New Line Cinema.

He married his wife Jill Zimmerman on September 29, 2001.  They divorced in 2016.
He is the son of Rolf Illsley

Miramax
Miramax, LLC, formerly known as Miramax Films, is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Qatari state-owned beIN Media Group and Paramount Pictures. Based in Los Angeles, California, it was founded in 1979, by brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein.

Miramax was a leading producer and distributor of independent films until it was acquired by The Walt Disney Company on June 30, 1993. In 2010, Disney sold Miramax to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony NorthStar, Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Qatar Investment Authority. In March 2016, Miramax was sold to beIN Media Group, which later sold a 49% stake to ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Skydance) on April 3, 2020.
Lam Trường
Tiêu Lam Trường (born 14 October 1974), is a Vietnamese singer, considered one of the top singers of Vietnam in the late 1990s. He burst onto the scene in 1998 with a song titled "Tình Thôi Xót Xa" (trans. Love Stops Hurting) and has been a regular on the Top Ten Làn Sóng Xanh (a Vietnamese hit song program). He has also been in several movies and TV series. He is also an actor in a series called "Ngôi Nhà Hạnh Phúc" (Vietnamese version of Korean drama "Full House").

Full House (South Korean TV series)
Full House (Korean: 풀하우스) is a 2004 South Korean television series starring Rain, Song Hye-kyo, Han Eun-jung, and Kim Sung-soo. Based on the manhwa Full House by Won Soo-yeon, the romantic comedy series aired on KBS2 on Monday and Friday at 21:50 (KST) for 16 episodes from July 14 to September 2, 2004.

Considered a pioneer of the "romantic comedy" genre in Korean drama, the drama was a great success in Asia and helped propel the Korean Wave.
Tacy Atkinson
Tacy Atkinson (July 3, 1870 – December 1, 1937) was an American Christian missionary who served in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and the Armenian genocide. As a witness to the Armenian genocide, her accounts of the Armenian genocide provide an important insight to the event. She is also known for helping many Armenians escape the massacres.

Harpoot
Harpoot (Turkish: Harput) or Kharberd (Armenian: Խարբերդ, romanized: Kharberd) is an ancient town located in the Elazığ Province of Turkey. It now forms a small district of the city of Elazığ. In the late Ottoman period, it fell under the Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet (also known as the Harput Vilayet). Artifacts from around 2000 BC have been found in the area. The town is famous for its Harput Castle, and incorporates a museum, old mosques, a church, and the Buzluk (Ice) Cave. Harput is about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) from Istanbul.

Harput was a largely Armenian populated region in medieval times and had a significant Armenian population until the Armenian genocide. By the 20th century, Harput had been absorbed into Mezre (renamed Elazığ in 1937), a town on the plain below Harput that significantly grew in size in the 19th century.
Harry Strang
Harry Strang (December 13, 1892 – April 10, 1972) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 500 films and television shows between 1929 and 1965. On Broadway, Strang appeared in The Girl in the Train (1910).

Primarily a character actor, Strang often appeared in film roles that included clerks in stores, policemen on beats, and soldiers. He also was often seen in two-reel comedies made by RKO Radio Pictures. His work on television included appearances on Maverick, One Step Beyond, and Perry Mason.

Strang was a machine-gun instructor for recruits in the United States Marines.

Alcoa Presents One Step Beyond
Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond (also known as One Step Beyond) is an American anthology series created by Merwin Gerard. The original series was broadcast for three seasons by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from January 1959 to July 1961.
1409 in Italy
An incomplete list of events which occurred in Italy in AD 1409:

Battle of Sanluri on the island of Sardinia

Council of Pisa elects Antipope Alexander V.

Ladislaus of Naples invades Tuscany

Theodore II puts an end to French domination of Genoa

Ladislaus of Naples
Ladislaus the Magnanimous (Italian: Ladislao, Hungarian: László; 15 February 1377 – 6 August 1414) was King of Naples from 1386 until his death and an unsuccessful claimant to the kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia. Ladislaus was a skilled political and military leader, protector and controller of Pope Innocent VII; however, he earned a bad reputation concerning his personal life. He profited from disorder throughout Italy to greatly expand his kingdom and his power, appropriating much of the Papal States to his own use. He was the last male of the Capetian House of Anjou.
Spatiomap
A spatiomap is a document similar to a map, but based on an orthophoto. Often, some annotations are added to the orthophoto. Similar to normal maps, can display a north arrow, a scale bar and cartographical information like the used projection. Spatiomaps are useful when other reliable source are missing for a certain area and/or when a map must be produced in very short time (e.g. for disaster management). Spatiomaps are frequently used during disaster relief.

An image map or orthophotomap is a similar document, but is mostly regarded as an orthophotomosaic with some points, lines or polygon layers of a traditional map drawn over the orthophoto. An image map resembles a standard general purpose map but adds the use of an orthophotomosaic as a background.

Arrow (symbol)
An arrow is a graphical symbol, such as ←, ↑, ↓ or →, or a pictogram, used to point or indicate direction. In its simplest form, an arrow is a triangle, chevron, or concave kite, usually
affixed to a line segment or rectangle, and in more complex forms a representation of an actual arrow (e.g., ➵ U+27B5). The direction indicated by an arrow is the one along the length of the line or rectangle toward the single pointed end.
2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup
The 2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup was a ten-race series that commenced with the Sylvania 300 on September 17, 2006, at New Hampshire International Speedway and concluded with the Ford 400 on November 19 of that same year at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The first ten drivers in the championship standings (and any other drivers with teams within 400 points of the leader) qualified after the Chevy Rock and Roll 400 on September 9, 2006, at Richmond International Raceway. The 2006 Chase had a strong Chevrolet presence, with seven of the ten teams making the 2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup fielding Chevrolets.

This was the final season for NBC to cover the Chase (now the NASCAR Cup Series playoff) until 2015, and the last Chase covered by TNT. From 2007 to 2014, ABC carried the Chase in its entirety, while TNT televised mid-season races.

Carl Edwards
Carl Michael Edwards Jr. (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and a current analyst for NASCAR on Prime Video.

He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing from 2005–2014. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate his victories. In 2023, he was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers, and in 2025, he was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.
International Spy Museum
The International Spy Museum is an independent non-profit history museum which documents the tradecraft, history, and contemporary role of the intelligence field and espionage. It holds the largest collection of international espionage artifacts on public display. The museum opened in 2002 in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., and relocated to L'Enfant Plaza in 2019.

Tradecraft
Tradecraft, within the intelligence community, refers to the techniques, methods, and technologies used in modern espionage (spying) and generally as part of the activity of intelligence assessment. This includes general topics or techniques (dead drops, for example), or the specific techniques of a nation or organization (the particular form of encryption (encoding) used by the National Security Agency, for example).
Disability rights in Israel
Disability rights in Israel are based among the rest upon disability pensions, accessibility regulations, therapy, special education, sheltered workshop and assisted living.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the disabled people in Israel, with a population of 250,000, have managed to equalize the disability pension from the Bituah Leumi (National Insurance Institute of Israel) to the minimum wage level in Israel. 
As of 2017, the struggle was made by demonstrations, blocking main roads, highways and industries, activity in social networking services, petitions to the High Court of Justice, negotiations with the Government of Israel and bills in the Knesset.

In 2017, a full disability pension was 2,342 ILS. The minimum wage in this year was 5,000 ILS, and in December 2017 it went up to 5,300 ILS per month.

Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move unless their demands are met. The often clearly visible demonstrations are intended to spread awareness among the public, or disrupt the goings-on of the protested organization. Lunch counter sit-ins were a nonviolent form of protest used to oppose segregation during the 1954–1968 civil rights movement in the United States, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message.
Panther Model 75
The Model 75 Panther motorcycle had a 348cc, 6.5:1 (later 6.7:1) compression ratio, 71 x 88 mm, ohv vertical engine in a relatively standard frame. It was developed from the 1948 Model 70. In many respects it was similar to the 248cc Model 65. The Model 75 had Lucas K1F magneto ignition. The gearbox was Burman CP four speed unit with a ratio of 5.25:1. The frame was a heavy duty cradle with a single saddle down tube. A swinging arm model was introduced in 1953. The Dowty forks that initially provided front suspension were later replaced with the P&M telescopic forks. Wheels were 26" x 3.25" front and rear initially with 6" half width hubs and later optional alloy hubs were offered.

Burman and Sons
Burman and Sons Ltd, of Ryland Road, Birmingham, West Midlands, was a company that manufactured Burman-Douglas steering gear.

Their worm and nut design of steering gear was fitted to pre-war vehicles such as the Ford Eight and the Ford Prefect, the Bedford CA, plus heavy trucks and off-road vehicles - both pre and post-war. In its day, Burman-Douglas steering-gear was regarded as "...a 'quality' feature of a car chassis specification," though the worm and nut design was eventually surpassed by the more direct rack and pinion design which dominates today.

The company also manufactured motorcycle gearboxes during part of its history.
Kauvadol
Kauvadol is the name of a hill about 4 Kilometers south-west from the Barabar Hills and about 12 Kilometers east from Bela Railway Station. The name literally means "crows swing," which, it is said, is derived from the folk myth that a huge block of stone was once lying so well balanced on the existing pinnacle of the hill that it used to rock when a crow alighted on it. Below the hill are the ruins of an ancient Vihara that surround the area. The site was first noticed by Buchanan during his tour of observations for the East India Company in the year 1811–12. Later, Major Kittoe, Cunningham and Beglar also visited the site and noted the ruins of the Vihara.

The rock is referred to as Kawa Dol in A Passage to India.

Bela railway station
Bela railway station is a railway station on the Patna–Gaya line under Danapur railway division of the East Central Railway zone. The station is situated at Amar Bigha, Bajpura in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Basketball in Canada
Basketball in Canada dates back to the 20th century. Basketball is played year-round by men and women and various levels of competition. Several professional basketball leagues have teams based in Canada.

Adut Bulgak
Adut Bulgak (born December 20, 1992) is a South Sudanese-Canadian former professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and South Sudan women's national basketball team. She was drafted in 2016 to the New York Liberty. Bulgak played JUCO ball at Trinity Valley Community College.

She has played in Spain, France, Israel, South Korea, Mexico, Russia and USA.
Eduardo Propper de Callejón
Eduardo Propper de Callejón (9 April 1895 – 11 January 1972) was a Spanish diplomat who is remembered mainly for having facilitated the escape of thousands of Jews from Occupied France during World War II between 1940 and 1944.

He was the father-in-law of the British banker Raymond Bonham Carter and the maternal grandfather of the British actress Helena Bonham Carter, as well as a great-grandfather of American film director and screenwriter Katherine Propper.

My Grandparents' War
My Grandparents' War is a 2019 British Channel 4 television series made to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the start of World War II, which follows the wartime stories of the grandparents of famous British people. It has four episodes and was first broadcast in November 2019. A second series comprising four episodes aired during the autumn of 2022.