hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weaponization of antisemitism
The exploitation of accusations of antisemitism, especially to delegitimize criticism of Israel or opposition to Zionism, is sometimes called weaponization of antisemitism. Cases of weaponizing antisemitism have arisen in various contexts, including the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and debates over the concept of new antisemitism and the IHRA definition of antisemitism. Charges of antisemitism made in bad faith have been described as a smear tactic and likened to "playing the race card". Some anti-Zionist Jews have been accused of antisemitism and labeled "self-hating Jews".

The charge of weaponization has itself been criticized as antisemitic or rooted in antisemitic tropes, and as a rhetorical device employed across the political spectrum to delegitimize concerns about antisemitism, especially in anti-Zionist discourse.

Smear campaign
A smear campaign, also referred to as a smear tactic or simply a smear, is an effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda. It makes use of discrediting tactics. It can be applied to individuals or groups. Common targets are public officials, politicians, heads of state, political candidates, activists, celebrities (especially those who are involved in politics), and ex-spouses. The term also applies in other contexts, such as the workplace. The term smear campaign became popular around the year 1936.
50th Street station (IRT Ninth Avenue Line)
The 50th Street station was a local station on the demolished IRT Ninth Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. It was built on January 18, 1876 and eventually had two levels. The lower level was built first and had two tracks and two side platforms that served local trains. The upper level was built as part of the Dual Contracts and had one track that served express trains. It closed on June 11, 1940. The next southbound stop was 42nd Street. The next northbound stop was 59th Street.

Dual Contracts
The Dual Contracts, also known as the Dual Subway System, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were signed on March 19, 1913, by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. As part of the Dual Contracts, the IRT and BRT would build or upgrade several subway lines in New York City, then operate them for 49 years.

Most of the lines of the present-day New York City Subway were built or reconstructed under these contracts. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies. Both the IRT and BRT (later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) worked together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible.
Sandy Hook, Connecticut
Sandy Hook is a village in the town of Newtown, Connecticut, United States, founded in 1711. It was listed as a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census. According to the United States Census Bureau in 2021, it has a population of 9,114.

Local government in Connecticut
Connecticut shares with the five other New England states a governmental structure known as the New England town. From 1666 to 1960, Connecticut had a system of county governments, which each had limited powers given to it by the General Assembly. They were abolished by Public Act 152 in 1960. Connecticut also had a system of sheriffs' offices until October 2000, when those were also abolished.
Goicea
Goicea is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania. Its existence was first attested in 1575. It is composed of two villages, Dunăreni and Goicea. It also included the village of Cârna until 2004, when it was split off to form a separate commune.

Dolj County
Dolj County (Romanian pronunciation: [dolʒ] ⓘ; originally meant Dol(no)-Jiu, "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu)) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova.
EACC
EACC means:

Effective accelerationism (e/acc), philosophical and political movements from the 2020s

East African Coast Current, part of the Somali Current

East Arkansas Community College, Forrest City, Arkansas, United States

East Asian Character Code, the Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange

Edinburgh Academical Cricket Club or Edinburgh Accies, a cricket club in Edinburgh, Scotland

Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (established 2011), Kenya

European Airlift Coordination Cell, improve the utilisation of European military air transport and aerial refueling capabilities

European American Chamber of Commerce, an organization whose objective is to promote business between Europe and the United States

European Assisted Conception Consortium

Improved electric accessories (eACC), a commonly used automotive acronym

Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission
The Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, abbreviated as the EACC, is a Kenyan government agency established to combat and prevent corruption in the country. The commission operates through direct law enforcement and preventive measures in addition to the education and promotion of standards and best practices in integrity and ethics in Kenya.

The EACC was established on 29 August 2011 after Kenya's President Mwai Kibaki signed the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Act, replacing the former Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission pursuant to the 2010 Constitution of Kenya.
USS Orion
USS Orion is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Orion (1861), a wooden schooner used as part of the Stone Fleet of the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

USS Orion (1869), a single-turreted, twin-screw monitor of the Union Navy during the American Civil War, the name used only briefly (2 months) following the original vessel name USS Chimo (1864). The vessel was later named the Piscataqua (1869).

USS Orion (AC-11), a collier commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia, 29 July 1912.

USS Orion (AS-18), a submarine tender commissioned 30 September 1943.

USS Orion (1861)
USS Orion (1861), a wooden schooner, was purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War at Baltimore, Maryland, on 13 August 1861.

She was purchased to be used in the "Stone Fleet" to be sunk as an obstruction blocking channels leading to Southern ports.

She was sunk in the North Carolina sounds in the fall of 1861.
Despina Louca
Despina A. Louca is an American condensed matter physicist and materials scientist from Cyprus. Her research involves the use of neutron scattering and X-ray scattering techniques to measure the behavior of materials with exotic electromagnetic and quantum properties including topological insulators, semimetals, antiferromagnets, helimagnets, and superconductors. She is the Maxine S. and Jesse W. Beams Professor of Physics at the University of Virginia, where she chairs the Department of Physics, and a former president of the Neutron Scattering Society of America.

X-ray scattering techniques
X-ray scattering techniques are a family of analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy.

Note that X-ray diffraction is sometimes considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed.  Thus Guinier's classic text from 1963 is titled "X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies" so 'diffraction' was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time.
Mount Brown Conservation Park
Mount Brown Conservation Park is a protected area in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia. The park has established walking trails, including a section of the Heysen Trail. The park is managed by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources; entry is free. It is located 14 km (8.7 mi) south of Quorn and about 300 km (190 mi) north of the nearest airport at Adelaide.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

IUCN protected area categories
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The IUCN has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives. Further supplementary guidelines have been developed specific to marine protected areas (MPAs).

This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the United Nations and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The Story of Tracy Beaker series 3
The third series of the British children's television series The Story of Tracy Beaker began broadcasting on 25 September 2003 on CBBC and ended on 1 April 2004. The series follows the lives of the children living in the fictional children's care home of Stowey House, nicknamed by them "The Dumping Ground". It consists of twenty-six, fifteen-minute episodes. It is the third series in The Story of Tracy Beaker franchise.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
2008 Pacific Life Open – Men's singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Mardy Fish in the final, 6–2, 5–7, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2008 Indian Wells Masters.

Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Djokovic.

Igor Kunitsyn
Igor Konstantinovich Kunitsyn (Russian: И́горь Константи́нович Куни́цын, IPA: [ˈiɡərʲ kʊˈnʲitsɨn]; born September 30, 1981) is a Russian former professional tennis player. He made it into the top 100 for the first time in 2006, and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 35 in July 2009.
Hench
Hench is a surname of possible English or Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Else Hench, Austrian luger

John Hench (1908–2004), American employee of The Walt Disney Company

Julie Diana Hench, American ballet dancer, ballet master, writer and arts administrator

Kevin Hench, American screenwriter, producer, and columnist

Philip Showalter Hench (1896–1965), American physician

Else Hench
Else Hench was an Austrian luger who competed in the late 1920s. She won a bronze medal in the first-ever women's singles event at the 1928 European luge championships at Schreiberhau, Germany (now Szklarska Poręba, Poland).
Somewhere in My Broken Heart
"Somewhere in My Broken Heart" is a song written by American country music artist Billy Dean and Richard Leigh. Randy Travis first recorded the song on his 1989 album No Holdin' Back. Two years later, it was released as the third single from Dean's album Young Man and reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

The song earned Billy a Grammy nomination for Best Male Country Vocal Performance, as well as winning the Academy of Country Music Award for Song of the Year.

Young Man (Billy Dean album)
Young Man is the debut studio album by American country music artist Billy Dean, released in 1990 by Capitol Nashville. It produced two hit singles: "Only Here for a Little While" and "Somewhere in My Broken Heart". Both of these songs peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, with the latter also reaching No. 18 on the Adult Contemporary chart in both the United States and Canada. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA for U.S. sales of 500,000 copies.

The track "Somewhere in My Broken Heart" was previously recorded by Randy Travis on his 1989 album No Holdin' Back. Also, "Brotherly Love" was recorded by Keith Whitley and Earl Thomas Conley on Whitley's posthumous 1991 album Kentucky Bluebird, from which it was released as a single.
Jonathan Tetelman
Jonathan Tetelman (born 1988) is an American operatic tenor who has established an international career, especially in Europe, in such roles as Alfredo in Giuseppe Verdi's La traviata, the title role in Jules Massenets Werther, Rodolfo in Giacomo Puccini's La bohème, Cavaradossi in Tosca, Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly and Loris Ipanov in Umberto Giordano's Fedora (opera).

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Optical stretcher
The optical stretcher is a dual-beam optical trap that is used for trapping and deforming ("stretching") micrometre-sized soft matter particles, such as biological cells in suspension.
The forces used for trapping and deforming objects arise from photon momentum transfer on the surface of the objects, making the Optical Stretcher – unlike atomic force microscopy or micropipette aspiration – a tool for contact-free rheology measurements.

Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
Henderson Home News
The Henderson Home News was a community newspaper based in Henderson, Nevada. It began as a separate section of the Boulder City News in 1948, and became its own publication in 1950. The Henderson Home News had a close, working alliance with the larger Las Vegas Sun throughout its existence. The Las Vegas Sun later acquired the Henderson Home News outright and closed the smaller newspaper in 2010.

Lorna Kesterson worked as a reporter and, later, managing editor of the Henderson Home News for nearly thirty years. She was later elected the first female Mayor of Henderson in 1985.

Henderson, Nevada
Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of  Las Vegas. It is the 2nd most populous city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, with 317,610 residents as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the Las Vegas Valley.

Henderson is notable for its extensive system of outdoor recreation facilities, including over 220 miles (350 km) of trails and 72 parks.

Incorporated in 1953, Henderson was originally known for its role in magnesium production during World War II. Since then, it has grown rapidly through the development of master planned communities starting with the large Green Valley neighborhood, redevelopment and reinvestment after the PEPCON disaster, and the city government's historically proactive planning and management.
Minwuntaung Wildlife Sanctuary
Minwuntaung Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in Myanmar, covering 205.88 km2 (79.49 sq mi). It was established in 1971. It ranges in elevation from 75 to 305 m (246 to 1,001 ft) in Sagaing Township, Sagaing Region. It provides habitat for Indian hog deer (Hyelaphus porcinus) and Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak).

Indian hog deer
The Indian hog deer (Axis porcinus), or Indochinese hog deer, is a small cervid native to the region of the Indian subcontinent and Indo-Gangetic Plain. Introduced populations are established in Australia, as well as the United States and Sri Lanka.

Its name derives from the hog-like manner in which it runs through forests (with its head hung low), to ease ducking under obstacles instead of leaping over them, like most other deer.
Nelson H. Falk
Nelson Hadley Falk (March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1924) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Jefferson County, Wisconsin.  He represented Jefferson County in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1915 session.  His name was often abbreviated as N. H. Falk; the 1915 Wisconsin Blue Book incorrectly named him as M. H. Falk.

52nd Wisconsin Legislature
The Fifty-Second Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1915, to August 24, 1915, in regular session, and re-convened in a special session on October 10 and October 11, 1916.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 3, 1914. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 5, 1912.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Emanuel L. Philipp, of Milwaukee County, serving a two-year term, having won election in the 1914 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Time and Again (Finney novel)
Time and Again is a 1970 illustrated novel by American writer Jack Finney about a man who travels from 1970s New York City to 1882 via a secret U.S. government experiment. The novel includes historical illustrations, many drawn from period sources, and has enjoyed enduring cult status, with some historians and preservationists crediting it for raising awareness of New York City's architectural heritage.

While the novel is often classified as science fiction due to its time‑travel premise, many critics emphasize its historical, romantic and nostalgic elements, and observe that its speculative mechanism serves more as a narrative device than scientific exposition.

A sequel, From Time to Time (1995), was published during the final year of the author's life.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Verband Deutscher Konzertchöre
The Verband Deutscher KonzertChöre (VDKC, Association of German Concert Choirs) is a national association with seven state organisations. It represents more than 550 member choirs with more than 30,400 singers. It is a non-profit organisation, which based in Neuss.

The members are concert choirs, oratorio choirs and chamber choirs who perform concerts of high quality, in genres such as Gregorian Chant, Baroque cantata, romantic period motet, contemporary oratorio and choral gospel music.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
Cabinet Schröder I (Lower Saxony)
The Cabinet Schröder I was the state government of the German state of Lower Saxony from 21 June 1990 until 20 June 1994. The Cabinet was headed by Minister President Gerhard Schröder and was formed by the Social Democratic Party and the Alliance '90/The Greens, after Schröder's winning of the 1990 Lower Saxony state election. On 21 June 1990 Schröder was elected and sworn in as Minister President by the Landtag of Lower Saxony. It was succeeded by Schröder's second and third cabinets.

Schröder left the position in 1998 upon being elected Chancellor. Two members of this cabinet – Funke and Trittin – were also part of Schröder's first cabinet as Chancellor.

1990 Lower Saxony state election
The 1990 Lower Saxony state election was held on 13 May 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Ernst Albrecht was defeated. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) subsequently formed a coalition with The Greens, and SPD leader Gerhard Schröder was elected Minister-President.
Infinity (Shtar album)
Infinity is the debut studio album by Jewish hip hop band Shtar. Produced by then-drummer David Epstein, the album was originally released by the independent Shemesh Music label on May 2, 2010. After the band was signed to the larger indie label Shemspeed a year later, it was re-released by that label on March 5, 2012.

Adon Olam
Adon Olam (Hebrew: אֲדוֹן עוֹלָם, "Eternal Lord" or "Sovereign of the Universe") is a hymn in the Jewish liturgy. It has been a regular part of the daily and Shabbat (i.e., the biblical Sabbath) liturgy since the 15th century.
Urzig, Republic of Dagestan
Urzig (Russian: Урзиг; Tabassaran: Улзигъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kuzhniksky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  349 (2010 Census); 321 (2002 Census); 212 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets.

Tabasaransky District
Tabasaransky District (Russian: Табасаранский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 801 square kilometers (309 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khuchni. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,886, with the population of Khuchni accounting for 6.1% of that number.
Fort Strother
Fort Strother  was a stockade fort at Ten Islands in the Mississippi Territory, in what is today St. Clair County, Alabama. It was located on a bluff of the Coosa River, near the modern Neely Henry Dam in Ragland, Alabama.  The fort was built by General Andrew Jackson and several thousand militiamen in November 1813, during the Creek War and was named for Captain John Strother, Jackson's chief cartographer.

Ragland, Alabama
Ragland is a town in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States southeast of Ashville. It incorporated in 1899. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,693, up slightly from 1,639 in 2010. It is part of the Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman Combined Statistical Area.