hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Proclamation of the Gates
The Proclamation of the Gates was an order issued in 1842 by Lord Ellenborough, then the Governor-General of Britain's territories in India, during the Battle of Kabul. This order demanded that the troops to bring back gates from Ghazni that Mahmud allegedly took after his destruction of the Somnath temple some 800 years earlier and had it installed as the doors of his mausoleum. This allegation was later found to be false. The basis for the order are unclear, as neither Turko-Persian sources nor Indic sources mention any such gates. According to Romila Thapar, "if there were any gates at all" anywhere, they "might have been some fort gates". The order, states Thapar, is best seen as an example of how "colonial intervention in India" was viewed in the 1840s, or possibly a demand from the Sikh emperor Ranjit Singh for helping the British in their Kabul campaign.

Kabul Expedition (1842)
The Kabul Expedition was a punitive campaign undertaken by the British against the Afghans following the disastrous retreat from Kabul. Two British and East India Company armies forced through the Khyber Pass and advanced on the Afghan capital from Kandahar and Jalalabad to avenge the complete annihilation of the British-Indian military-civilian column in January 1842.

The British force defeated the Afghans twice in battle following which they were able to recover prisoners captured during the retreat. The British demolished parts of Kabul before withdrawing to India, concluding the First Anglo-Afghan War.
Arrouya noir
Arrouya noir is a red French wine grape variety grown in the Jurançon region of Southwest France. The grape has a long history in the region, growing in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques since at least the late 18th century. Ampelographers believe that Arrouya noir has some genetic relationship with Camaraou noir, Fer and Petit Courbu though the exact nature of those relationships is not yet known. The variety also shares some similarities in morphology with Cabernet Franc and until the late 19th century was often confused for the Loire and Bordeaux wine grape, especially in the Basses-Pyrénées and Hautes-Pyrénées region.

Courbu
Courbu is the name of three different, but related varieties of wine grapes primarily found in South West France. All are Vitis vinifera grapes. The name Courbu, without suffix, can refer to both Petit Courbu and Courbu blanc, and not all sources differ between the two.
Recuerdos del Alma
Recuerdos del Alma (Eng.: Soul Memories) is the title of a studio album released by romantic music group Los Temerarios. This album became their seventh number-one set on the Billboard Top Latin Albums.

Romantic music
Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western Classical music associated with the period of the 19th century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic, and literary movement that became prominent in Western culture from about 1798 until 1837.

Romantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic, and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art, and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry, super-natural elements, or the fine arts. It included features such as increased chromaticism and moved away from traditional forms.
Toos & Henk
Toos & Henk is a cartoon created by Dutch cartoonist Paul Kusters.

The cartoons consist of a single picture and are each independent. The two main characters with the names Toos and Henk form a couple that can be described as more or less average for Dutch society.

Toos & Henk is a daily cartoon series based on current events that can be followed in the newspapers Dagblad de Limburger, Limburgs Dagblad, Brabants Dagblad, De Gooi- en Eemlander, Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, De Gelderlander, De Twentsche Courant Tubantia, Dagblad van het Noorden, Noordhollands Dagblad, Haarlems Dagblad, Leidsch Dagblad, BN/De Stem, De Stentor and HDC.

Since 16 February 2015, the cartoon was also shown on television in RTL Late Night.

Noordhollands Dagblad
Noordhollands Dagblad (NHD) is a Dutch newspaper covering North Holland in the northwest of the country. It appears in eight regional editions:

Noordhollands Dagblad employed in 2010 some 150 journalists.
Millennium (comics)
"Millennium" was a comic book crossover story line that ran through an eight-issue, self-titled, limited series and various other titles cover dated January and February 1988 by DC Comics. The limited series was published weekly, which was a departure for an American series. It was written by Steve Englehart, and with art by Joe Staton and Ian Gibson.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
1947 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1947 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent in the 1947 college football season.  In its first season under head coach Mike Milligan, the team compiled a 1–8 record and was outscored by a total of 267 to 26.

Pitt was ranked at No. 81 (out of 500 college football teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1947.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
Múcura Island
Múcura Island (Isla Múcura) is a coral island located in the Archipelago of San Bernardo, Gulf of Morrosquillo, Caribbean Sea. It is governed by Colombia, and is a part of the District of Cartagena de Indias.

Lodging facilities are present on the island.

Coral island
A coral island is a type of island formed from coral detritus and associated organic material. It occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas, typically as part of a coral reef which has grown to cover a far larger area under the sea. The term low island can be used to distinguish such islands from high islands, which are formed through volcanic action. Low islands are formed as a result of sedimentation upon a coral reef or of the uplifting of such islands.
Nagler
Nagler is a surname. In the Polish language, it has an archaic feminine form, Naglerowa, used as a surname by marriage.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alfons Nagler (born 1893), German flying ace

Barney Nagler (1912–1990), American sportswriter and author

Cathryn Nagler, American immunologist

Ellen Torelle Nagler (1870–1965), American biologist, author, lecturer

Eric Nagler (born 1942), American musician

Georg Kaspar Nagler (1801–1866), German art historian

Gerald Nagler (1929–2022), Swedish businessman

Gern Nagler (born 1932), American football player

Herminia Naglerowa (1890–1957),  Polish writer and publicist

Ivan Nagler (born 1999), Italian luger

Judah Nagler (born 1980), American singer

Larry Nagler (born 1940), American tennis player

Michael N. Nagler (born 1937), American peace activist

Richard Nagler (born 1947), American businessman

Stephen E. Nagler (born 1956), Canadian physicist

Eric Nagler
Eric Nagler (born June 1, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American musician and television personality known primarily for his work on Canadian children's television series such as The Elephant Show and Eric's World.
1945 Resko Przymorskie Dornier Do 24 crash
The 1945 Resko Przymorskie Dornier Do 24 crash was a military flight transporting mainly children that crashed on March 5, 1945. Shortly after takeoff from a German Air Force base in Kępa, the Dornier Do 24T-3 carrying four crew and 77 passengers crashed into Resko Przymorskie (formerly Lake Kamper), killing all but one on board.

Dornier Do 24
The Dornier Do 24 is a 1930s German three-engine flying boat designed by the Dornier Flugzeugwerke for maritime patrol and search and rescue. A total of 313 were built among several factories from 1937 to 1945.
Interogo Foundation
Interogo Foundation is a foundation registered in Liechtenstein as an Unternehmensstiftung' (German: [ʊntɐˈneːmənsˌʃtɪftʊŋ], literally in English: 'enterprise foundation'). Its office is located in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Until 2023, it owned Inter IKEA Holding B.V., registered in the Netherlands, which through its subsidiary Inter IKEA Systems controlled the intellectual property of the IKEA brand. In 2011, it was reported that the foundation controlled assets valued at US$15 billion. In 2023 it demerged, splitting off the Inter IKEA Foundation as a separate foundation that owns Inter IKEA Holding B.V.

Private foundation
A private foundation is a tax-exempt organization that does not rely on broad public support and generally claims to serve humanitarian purposes.

Unlike a charitable foundation, a private foundation does not generally solicit funds from the public or have the legal requirements and reporting responsibilities of a registered non-profit or charitable foundation. Not all foundations engage in philanthropy; some private foundations are used for estate planning purposes.
29th GMA Dove Awards
The 29th Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on April 23, 1998, recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 1997. The show was held in Nashville, Tennessee, at the Nashville Arena. Live coverage on The Nashville Network was hosted by John Tesh and Naomi Judd, with a one-hour pre-show hosted by Clarence Gilyard and Kathy Troccoli. This would be the last full national telecast of the event until 2003 (the hosting network would evolve into fare which the award show likely would not have fit within).

Bridgestone Arena
Bridgestone Arena (originally Nashville Arena, and formerly Gaylord Entertainment Center and Sommet Center) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1996, it is the home of the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.
George Forneret
George Augustus Forneret (b Berthierville 23 September 1851 - Hamilton, Ontario 28 Aug 1925) was a Canadian Anglican priest.

Rigby was  educated at McGill University and ordained in 1876. After a curacy at Montreal Cathedral he was an SPG missionary on the Prince Albert Peninsula. He held incumbencies at Dunham, Dundas and  Hamilton. He was  Archdeacon of Wellington, ON from 1907 to 1911; and Archdeacon of Niagara from 1911 until his death.

Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)
Christ Church Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Christ Church) is an Anglican Gothic Revival cathedral in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Montreal. It is located at 635 Saint Catherine Street West, between Avenue Union and Boulevard Robert-Bourassa. It is situated on top of the Promenades Cathédrale underground shopping mall, and south of Tour KPMG. It was classified as historical monument by the government of Quebec on May 12, 1988. In 1999, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP)
In enzymology, a phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) (EC 2.7.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GTP + 3-phospho-D-glycerate  GDP + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GTP and 3-phospho-D-glycerate, whereas its two products are GDP and 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a carboxy group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GTP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase.

1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a three-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during the fixation/reduction of CO2. 1,3BPG is also a precursor to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate which is formed in the  Luebering–Rapoport shunt of glycolysis in red blood cells.
2014 Chhattisgarh sterilisation deaths
In November 2014, 15 women died after undergoing mishandled sterilization operations performed in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. In addition to the 15 deaths, 70 women were hospitalized in critical condition, 20 of whom were put on mechanical ventilation.

Raman Singh
Raman Singh (born 15 October 1952) is an Indian politician who is served as the Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh for three consecutive times from 2003 to 2018. Currently, he serving as the sixth speaker of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly. He is also a member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly representing Rajnandgaon since 2008 and from Dongargaon from 2004 to 2008.

He is the longest serving Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, and held the position for 15 years from 2003 to 2018. Previously he also served as the Minister of State for Commerce and Industries in the Vajpayee cabinet from 1999 to 2003, Member of the Lok Sabha from Rajnandgaon from 1999 to 2003. Before the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh, he was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Kawardha from 1990 to 1998.

He is also the former National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party, serving from 2019 to 2023.
Amendolara
Amendolara (Lucano: Minnuàre) is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.

The city is at an altitude of 200 meters above sea level and overlooks the Ionian Sea.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
Carrots (film)
Carrots is a 1917 British silent crime film directed by Frank Wilson and starring Chrissie White, Lionelle Howard and Gerald Lawrence.

A young female costermonger known as "Carrots" helps her policeman boyfriend thwart a criminal gang led by her own brother.

Frank Wilson (director)
Frank Wilson (born 1873), was a British actor, writer and film director. Wilson was a prolific director during the silent era, shooting well over 200 shorts and feature films. He worked at the pioneering Hepworth Pictures in Walton Studios and later at Broadwest of Walthamstow Studios.
Where Myth Fades to Legend
Where Myth Fades to Legend is the second full-length studio album by Alesana, released through Fearless Records on June 3, 2008. The album was produced by Steve Evetts and recorded in Los Angeles, California.

The album's closing track "Obsession is Such an Ugly Word" features guest vocals from Craig Mabbitt of Escape the Fate.

As with their previous album, the majority of the songs are related to fables and the members' "favorite stories" compiled from The Brothers Grimm, except for "As You Wish", which is based on the story The Princess Bride, along with "This Is Usually The Part Where People Scream" which is based on the first season of the television series Heroes.

AllMusic gave the album a negative review, saying it contained "cookie-cutter" predictability in the screamo genre, "without the spark of personality or originality that might make them stand out from the crowd of equally unmemorable acts."

Screamo
Screamo (also referred to as skramz) is a subgenre of emo that emerged in the early 1990s and emphasizes "willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics". San Diego–based bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow pioneered the genre in the early 1990s, and it was developed in the late 1990s mainly by bands from the East Coast of the United States such as Pg. 99, Orchid, Saetia, and I Hate Myself. Screamo is strongly influenced by hardcore punk and characterized by the use of screamed vocals. Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, death, romance, and human rights. The term "screamo" has frequently been mistaken as referring to any music with screaming.
Poser (software)
Poser (and Poser Pro) is a figure posing and rendering 3D computer graphics program distributed by Bondware. Poser is optimized for the 3D modeling of human figures. It enables beginners to produce basic animations and digital images, along with the extensive availability of third-party digital 3D models.

Smith Micro Software
Smith Micro Software, Inc., founded in 1982 by William W. Smith, Jr., is a developer and marketer of both enterprise and consumer-level software and services. Headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Smith Micro maintains multiple domestic and international offices.  United States locations include  Aliso Viejo, California, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. International offices are located throughout Europe and Asia. Currently, the company focuses on digital lifestyle solutions and security technologies, and is integrated into the evolving wireless media industry, as indicated by partnerships with cellular service providers such as Verizon Wireless, AT&T, and Sprint Corporation, now owned by T-Mobile US after the Sprint & T-Mobile merger in April 2020.
Ljubljana Cave Exploration Society
The Ljubljana Cave Exploration Society (Slovene: Društvo za raziskovanje jam Ljubljana, DZRJL) is a Slovenian non-profit speleological organization founded in 1910 dedicated to the discovery, exploration, documentation and protection of caves in Slovenia. It is based in Ljubljana, is the oldest still active caving society in the country and is most known for its work in the deep caves of the Kanin mountain range. It discovered, explored and surveyed five caves, deeper than 1,000 meters; the 2019 connection of two such caves reduced the figure to four.

Postojna Cave
Postojna Cave (Slovene: Postojnska jama; German: Adelsberger Grotte; Italian: Grotte di Postumia) is a 24.34 km (15.12 mi) long karst cave system near Postojna, southwestern Slovenia. It is the second-longest cave system in the country (following the Migovec System) as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.
Flag of Anchorage, Alaska
The city flag of Anchorage, Alaska was adopted by the city of Anchorage in 1973. It is a field of yellow with the seal of the city, which features a blue anchor in the foreground as well as a blue airplane, yellow sun, and yellow sailboat in the background. The words "ANCHORAGE ALASKA" are also present.

Lists of city flags
The list of city flags lists the flags of cities. Most of the city flags are based on the coat of arms or emblems of its city itself, and city flags can be also used by the coat of arms and emblems on its flag. Most of the city flags are flown outside town halls and councils.

Due to its size, the list is split into continents:

List of city flags in Africa

List of base flags in Antarctica

List of city flags in Asia

List of city flags in Europe

List of city flags in North America

List of city flags in Oceania

List of city flags in South America
Tritoniopsis cinnamomea
Tritoniopsis cinnamomea is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a perennial geophyte and is part of the fynbos ecoregion. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs at the Piketberg.

Piketberg
Piketberg (also sometimes spelt Piquetberg in the past) is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa, located about 80 km east of Saldanha Bay.  The original spelling of the name was "Piquetberg". The town is in the foothills of the Piketberg mountains, a range of low mountains formed from Table Mountain Sandstone.

The area around the mountains is conducive to the farming of wheat, while the area on top of the Piketberg Mountains range (called Piket-Bo-Berg), being cooler and generally frost-free, is suited to the farming of fruit and Rooibos Tea.  Piketberg has a large Dutch Reformed Church designed by the architect Carl Otto Hager in his trademark neo-Gothic style.
Maurice Bugbee
Maurice Alden Bugbee (October 17, 1914 – November 12, 1975) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Aurora University in Aurora, Illinois from 1939 to 1941. He served as the school's head basketball coach from 1941 to 1942.

Bugbee later moved to Long Beach, California, where he was the executive director of the local Boys Club.

Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a United States–based nonprofit organization that operates a nationwide network of more than 5,500 local Boys & Girls Clubs. The organization serves children and youth by providing safe spaces, caring adult mentors, meals and snacks, and youth development programs that support academic success, leadership skills, and health and wellness. BGCA holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, is headquartered in Atlanta, and operates regional offices across the United States. Boys & Girls Clubs of America reaches more than 4 million kids and teens each year through its Club programs across the United States, Native lands, and U.S. military installations.
Kharg Airport
Kharg Airport (IATA: KHK, ICAO: OIBQ) (Persian: فرودگاه خارگ) is a regional airport located in city of Kharg, Bushehr Province, in southern Iran.

The airport is using by Iran Ministry of Petroleum for transferring of employees of Iran Oil Company by Karun Airlines and Mahan Air. The airport is operated by Iran Airports Company.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Appell–Humbert theorem
In mathematics, the Appell–Humbert theorem describes the line bundles on a complex torus or complex abelian variety.
It was proved for 2-dimensional tori by Appell (1891) and Humbert (1893), and in general by Lefschetz (1921)

Solomon Lefschetz
Solomon Lefschetz ForMemRS (Russian: Соломо́н Ле́фшец; 3 September 1884 – 5 October 1972) was a Russian-born American mathematician who did fundamental work on algebraic topology, its applications to algebraic geometry, and the theory of non-linear ordinary differential equations.