hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kii Arens
Kii Arens (born May 7, 1967) is an American contemporary, pop-artist, graphic designer and director. He is the owner of La-La Land Gallery in Los Angeles. In 2021 Arens was part of the dearMoon project and created numerous Non-fungible token art pieces  to commemorate the designated SpaceX Starship, a trip funded by entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa.

DearMoon project
The dearMoon project was a proposed lunar tourism mission conceived and financed by Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa. It would have seen Maezawa and eight civilian artists fly a circumlunar trajectory around the Moon aboard a SpaceX Starship spacecraft.

Maezawa said he expected the experience of space tourism to "inspire the accompanying passengers in the creation of something new".

The project was unveiled in September 2018 and initially scheduled to launch in 2023. Due to delays in the development of Starship, it was delayed, then cancelled entirely in June 2024.
Oslo Marathon
The Oslo Marathon is an annual marathon that takes place at the end of September or the beginning of October. There are four distances; marathon, half-marathon, 10 and 3 km.

The track goes along the seaside of Oslofjord, with competitors in the marathon running it twice.

Association of Road Racing Statisticians
The Association of Road Racing Statisticians is an independent, non-profit organization that collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics regarding road running races. The primary purpose of the ARRS is to maintain a valid list of world road records for standard race distances  and to establish valid criteria for road record-keeping.  The official publication of the ARRS is the Analytical Distance Runner. This newsletter contains recent race results and analysis and is distributed to subscribers via e-mail. The ARRS is the only organized group that maintains records on indoor marathons.
Protégé system
The protégé system (Arabic: نظام المحميين) in Morocco in the late 19th century allowed people working for foreign consuls and vice-consuls certain privileges and legal protections not available to the rest of the population, such as exemption from taxes imposed by the Makhzen and protections from a sometimes arbitrary judicial system.: 94–95  At first the status of protégé was available only to Moroccans—Muslims and Jews—but it was extended to Europeans by the 1860s. The protégé system was a parallel to the capitulatory system in the Ottoman Empire.

The Madrid Conference of 1880 was held at the behest of Sultan Hassan I in response to France and Spain's abuse of the protégé system.

Hassan I of Morocco
Mawlay Hassan bin Mohammed (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد, romanized: al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad), known as Hassan I (Arabic: الحسن الأول, romanized: al-Ḥasan al-Awwal; 1836 or 1857 – 9 June 1894) was the sultan of Morocco from 16 September 1873 to 9 June 1894, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father Muhammad IV. Mawlay Hassan was among the most successful sultans. He increased the power of the makhzen in Morocco and at a time when the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control, he brought in military and administrative reforms to strengthen his government within its complete territory, and he carried out an active military and diplomatic program on the periphery. He died on 9 June 1894 and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Aziz.
Jefferson Township, Missouri
Jefferson Township is the name of 18 townships in the U.S. state of Missouri:

Jefferson Township, Andrew County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Cedar County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Clark County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Cole County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Daviess County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Grundy County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Harrison County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Johnson County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Linn County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Maries County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Monroe County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Nodaway County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Osage County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Polk County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Scotland County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Shelby County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, St. Louis County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Wayne County, Missouri

Jefferson Township, Harrison County, Missouri
Jefferson Township is a township in Harrison County, Missouri, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 300.

Jefferson Township was established in about 1845, taking its name from Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States.
Paragomphus sabicus
Paragomphus sabicus, the Sabi hooktail, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and rivers. The name comes from the Sabi Valley in modern Zimbabwe where the holotype specimens were collected in the late 1940s.

Paragomphus sabicus is similar in appearance to the rock hooktail (Paragomphus cognatus), but with a bright yellow face, and rust-colored markings on abdominal segments 8-9, orange markings on 10, and black folliations on females that are larger and marked with rust-colored lines on males.

External morphology of Odonata
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are insects with an incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous). The aquatic larva or nymph hatches from an egg, and develops through eight to seventeen instars before leaving the water and emerging as the winged adult or imago.
Carindale, Queensland
Carindale is a suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located 13.1 kilometres (8.1 mi) by road south-east of the Brisbane GPO, and borders Belmont, Carina, Carina Heights, Mackenzie, Mansfield, Mount Gravatt East, and Tingalpa. In the 2021 census, Carindale had a population of 16,535 people.

Notable features of the suburb include a large shopping centre – Westfield Carindale, the Pacific Golf Club, Belmont State School, Belmont Bushland Reserve, Belmont Private Hospital (psychiatric only) and Bulimba Creek. The Gateway Motorway borders the suburb.

General Post Office, Brisbane
The General Post Office (GPO) in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is a heritage-listed building located at 261 Queen Street. Originally constructed in 1872, it was extended through to Elizabeth Street in 1908. The GPO remains in use by the Australia Post today. Opposite the GPO is the Post Office Square.
Altai Kai
Altai Kai (stylized, АлтайКАЙ) is an Altai folk band from the Altai Republic of the Russian Federation, founded by Urmat Yntaev in 1997. Their band name means Altaian Folklore. Their music features throat singing, and several native musical instruments, including the khomus and topshuur. Their music is often about the nature and history of Altai.

Jew's harp
The Jew's harp, also known as jaw harp, juice harp, or mouth harp, is a lamellophone instrument, consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in China, with the earliest known Jew's harps dating back 4,000 years ago from Shaanxi. It has no relation to the Jewish people.

Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled.
Guy L. Nesom
Guy L. Nesom (born August 2, 1945) is an American writer and botanist.

Nesom received his Ph.D. in systematic botany from the University of North Carolina in 1980, and has since contributed much to the fields of botanical nomenclature, systematics, and evolution.  His most notable contributions are probably his works on the Asteraceae of North America, with several papers published throughout the 1990s that argued for multiple generic names to replace the single polyphyletic name Aster, and his recent and ongoing contributions to the Flora of North America project.

Several plant species have been named for Nesom, such as Zeltnera nesomii of the gentian family and Steviopsis nesomii of the aster family. Three genera are named in his honor: Nesomia, Neonesomia (a synonym of Medranoa), and Guynesomia.

The standard author abbreviation G.L.Nesom is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Medranoa
Medranoa is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to northeastern Mexico and Texas. The genus was established in 2004, initially with a single species. It was expanded to five species in 2007, incorporating species formerly placed in Xylothamia, and then in Chihuahuana, Neonesomia, and Xylovirgata.
Just in sequence
Just in sequence (JIS) is an inventory strategy that matches just in time (JIT) and complete fit in sequence with variation of assembly line production. Components and parts arrive at a production line right in time as scheduled before they get assembled. Feedback from the manufacturing line is used to coordinate transport to and from the process area. When implemented successfully, JIS improves a company's return on assets (ROA), without loss in flexibility, quality or overall efficiency. JIS is mainly implemented with car manufacture.

JIS is sometimes called In-Line Vehicle Sequencing (ILVS).

Return on assets
The return on assets (ROA) shows the percentage of how profitable a company's assets are in generating revenue.

ROA can be computed as below:

The phrase return on average assets (ROAA) is also used, to emphasize that average assets are used in the above formula.

This number tells you what the company can do with what it has, i.e. how many dollars of earnings they derive from each dollar of assets they control. It's a useful number for comparing competing companies in the same industry. The number will vary widely across different industries. Return on assets gives an indication of the capital intensity of the company, which will depend on the industry; companies that require large initial investments will generally have lower return on assets. ROAs over 5% are generally considered good.
Hiding in Plain Sight (Kendzior book)
Hiding in Plain Sight: The Invention of Donald Trump and the Erosion of America is a nonfiction book on the rise of Donald Trump. Written by Sarah Kendzior, the book was published in the United States in 2020.

Medium (website)
Medium is an American online publishing platform for written content such as articles and blogs, developed by Evan Williams and launched in August 2012. It is owned by A Medium Corporation. The platform is an example of social journalism, having a hybrid collection of amateur and professional people and publications, or exclusive blogs or publishers on Medium, and is regularly regarded as a blog host.

Williams, who previously co-founded Blogger and Twitter, initially developed Medium as a means to publish writings and documents longer than Twitter's then 140-character maximum.

In March 2021, Medium announced a change in its publishing strategy and business model, reducing its own publications and increasing support of independent writers.
Daniel Bren
Daniel "Danny" Bren (Hebrew: דניאל ברן) is an Israeli businessman and retired Brigadier General of the Israeli Defense Forces, where he served as commander of the Lotem unit in the Computer Service Directorate.

C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate (Israel)
The Israeli C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate (Hebrew: אגף התקשוב וההגנה בסייבר, Agaf Ha-Tikshuv VeHaHagana Basayber) is the Israel Defense Forces body which charts the communication, wireless transmission, computerization, command and control over and defense of military and intelligence information in the IDF. The Directorate was created on March 3, 2003, on the basis of some functions previously held by the C4I Corps. The Directorate is also responsible for Cyber Defense in the IDF, a fact which has led to the name of the Directorate being changed to "C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate" in May 2017.
Norwegian Media Authority
The Norwegian Media Authority (Norwegian: Medietilsynet) is a Norwegian government agency subordinate to the Ministry of Culture and Equality charged with various tasks relating to broadcasting, newspapers and films. It enforces rules on content, advertising and sponsorship for broadcast media, administers newspaper production grants and enforces rules on media ownership. Prior to 2023 the authority also classified movies.

Concentration of media ownership
Concentration of media ownership, also known as media consolidation or media convergence, is a process wherein fewer individuals or organizations control shares of the mass media. Research in the 1990s and early 2000s suggested then-increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated where a few companies own much of the market. The proliferation of the Internet and with it the advent of new media companies challenged this oligopoly, before market share being again consolidated by a small set of companies.
In Mass Mind
In Mass Mind is an album by The Make-Up, released in 1998.

All tracks were written and composed by The Make-Up, except for tracks #1, #13, and #14. "Black Wire Pt. 1" and "Black Wire Pt. 2" are attributed as inspired by the MC5.  "Caught up in the Rapture" is attributed to Neil Hagerty (of Royal Trux, who produced and engineered the album) and Dianne Quander, credited with the arrangement and lyrics, respectively. "Caught up in the Rapture" is a cover of an Anita Baker song from her 1986 album Rapture, of which Dianne Quander is attributed as co-writer/composer with Garry Glenn.

Garry Glenn
Garry Glenn (May 12, 1955 – September 27, 1991) was an American singer, songwriter and musician best known for his association with his songwriting partner Dianne Quander and wrote the 1986 hit song "Caught Up in the Rapture" recorded by Anita Baker. He also wrote "Intimate Friends" that was recorded by Eddie Kendricks and later sampled by Alicia Keys for the Grammy Award-nominated recording "Unbreakable."
Sammichele railway station
Sammichele is a railway station in Sammichele di Bari, Italy. The station is located on the Bari-Casamassima-Putignano railway. The train services and the railway infrastructure are operated by Ferrovie del Sud Est.

Bari–Casamassima–Putignano railway
40°51′23.4″N 17°7′24.3″E﻿ / ﻿40.856500°N 17.123417°E﻿ / 40.856500; 17.123417

The Bari-Casamassima-Putignano railway is a 43-kilometre (27 mi) long Italian railway line, that connects Bari with Putignano via Casamassima.

The line was opened on 6 September 1905.
Eocronartium
Eocronartium muscicola is a species of fungus belonging to the order Platygloeales. It is currently the only species in the monotypic genus Eocronartium. In the UK its recommended English name is moss rust. The species forms clavarioid basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on mosses, on which it is parasitic.

At least 21 moss species, all in the subclass Bryidae, are recorded as hosts for Eocronartium muscicola. The fungus parasitizes its host through its gametophytic transfer cells. The species appears to be widespread, with most reports from Europe, North and South America.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Panchakarla Ramesh Babu
Panchakarla Ramesh Babu is an Indian politician from the Janasena Party. He is a former member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Elamanchili constituency. He joined Janasena Party in July 2023. He was first elected as a MLA from Pendurthi Assembly constituency in Praja Rajyam Party in 2009. In 2014, he joined Telugu Desam Party followed by YSR Congress Party in 2021 and finally in 2023, he is in Janasena Party.

Praja Rajyam Party
The Praja Rajyam Party (abbr. PRP; transl. People's Rule Party) was a regional political party in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was founded by Telugu film actor Chiranjeevi on 26 August 2008, with the stated aim of providing a people centric alternative to the existing political establishment. The party positioned itself on a platform of social justice, anti-corruption and inclusive development but struggled to translate popular enthusiasm into sustained electoral success. Following its poor performance in the 2009 elections, PRP gradually declined and ultimately merged with the Indian National Congress (INC) in 2011.
Jerick McKinnon
Jerick Deshun McKinnon (born May 3, 1992), nicknamed "Jet", is an American professional football running back. He played college football for the Georgia Southern Eagles and was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the third round of the 2014 NFL draft. McKinnon has also played for the San Francisco 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs.

The Citadel Bulldogs football
The Citadel Bulldogs football program represents The Citadel in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). The Bulldogs play in the Southern Conference, as they have since 1936.  The Bulldogs are coached by Maurice Drayton, who was hired on January 12, 2023, to replace Brent Thompson, whose contract was not renewed.
Chopratown
Chopratown is a 2005 comedy drama from the BBC about private eye Vic Chopra (Sanjeev Bhaskar). In the film Chopra investigates Ali Ergun (Omid Djalili), a shady Turkish bakery owner. During his investigation he falls foul of Asian wide boy Ash Desai (Manish Patel) and added to this is the mystery of a missing cow.

Chopratown was directed by Sean Grundy, who also directed the first series of the Channel 4 drama Sugar Rush. The name "Chopratown" is a pun on the Jack Nicholson cult film Chinatown.

On release on 19 December 2005, the program had 4.1 million viewers.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
The National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene or NIPH–NIH, (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego – Państwowy Zakład Higieny or NIZP–PZH) is a research institute in Poland focussed on public health. It was founded on 21 November 1918.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Numerical sign problem
In applied mathematics, the numerical sign problem is the problem of numerically evaluating the integral of a highly oscillatory function of a large number of variables. Numerical methods fail because of the near-cancellation of the positive and negative contributions to the integral. Each has to be integrated to very high precision in order for their difference to be obtained with useful accuracy.

The sign problem is one of the major unsolved problems in the physics of many-particle systems. It often arises in calculations of the properties of a quantum mechanical system with large number of strongly interacting fermions, or in field theories involving a non-zero density of strongly interacting fermions.

Numerical method
In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
1973 Kansas City Royals season
The 1973 Kansas City Royals season was their fifth in Major League Baseball and first in the new Royals Stadium. Promoted from Triple-A Omaha, Jack McKeon replaced the fired Bob Lemon as manager and the Royals finished second in the American League West in 1973 with a record of 88–74, six games behind the Oakland A's.

The 88 wins were the most in the franchise's brief history, five more than in 1971. Lefthander Paul Splittorff (20–11) became the first Royal to win twenty games in a season.

1971 Kansas City Royals season
The 1971 season was the Kansas City Royals' third in Major League Baseball. The Royals had the first winning season (85–76) in franchise history, good enough for second place in the American League West and 16 games behind the Oakland Athletics. Kansas City earning a winning record in its third season was the second fastest of any expansion club in Major League Baseball history up to that point, the 1962 Los Angeles Angels achieved a winning record in their second season. The record would stand until the 1999 Arizona Diamondbacks won the National League West title in their second season.

By comparison, none of the Royals' expansion brethren--the Milwaukee Brewers, Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres--enjoyed a winning season prior to 1978.
Birgha Archale
Birgha Archale  is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5117 people living in 1180 individual households around the city.
This village is situated in the west end district of Syangja. Two members of parliament are elected from the district's constituencies (Syangja 1 and Syangja 2).

Syangja District
Syangja District (Nepali: स्याङ्जा जिल्ला; Listenⓘ) is a part of Gandaki Province, and is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Its headquarter is Putalibazar with a diverse population including Brahmin, Magars, Chhetri, Dalit and Gurung communities. Syangja is home to attractions like the ancient temples of Garaunsur and Akala, scenic viewpoints such as Panchase, and the historical town of Waling, making it a growing eco-tourism destination. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, with rice, maize, millet, and fruits like oranges being widely cultivated. Syangja is the leading orange producer in Nepal with 22,000 tons in 2023. The district has several educational institutions, and many residents pursue higher education in cities like Pokhara and Kathmandu. Connected by highways to major cities like Pokhara and Butwal, the district covers an area of 1,164 km2 (449 sq mi) and has a population of 254,965.
Fowler, New York
Fowler is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 2,202 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Fowler is located on the southwestern border of the county and is southwest of Canton and southeast of Gouverneur.

Gouverneur (village), New York
Gouverneur is a village in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 3,949 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Gouverneur Morris, one of the authors of the Constitution of the United States, as well as a prominent landowner and part-time resident of the area.

The Village of Gouverneur is in the Town of Gouverneur in the southeastern part of both the town and the county.

The community is called the "Marble Village" because of the many structures made from marble and the importance of marble in the early economy.