hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johnson Health Tech
Johnson Health Tech. Co., Ltd. (JHT; Chinese: 喬山健康科技; pinyin: Qiáoshān Jiànkāng Kējì) is a multinational company engaged in the manufacturing and sale of exercise equipment. It is headquartered in Taichung, Taiwan. JHT's products include treadmills, stationary bicycles, elliptical trainers, weight training machines etc. The company has manufacturing plants in Shanghai and Taiwan, and R&D centers in Shanghai, Taiwan, and North America. It is the winner of two Taiwan Excellence Awards.

Cottage Grove (town), Wisconsin
The Town of Cottage Grove is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 3,791. The Village of Cottage Grove is located partially in the town, but is governed independently. The unincorporated communities of Door Creek, Nora, and Vilas also are located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Hoffman Corners and Hope also are located partially in the town.
Frank Loebs
Frank John "Butch" Loebs (January 10, 1913 – June 13, 1977) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Washington University in St. Louis from 1940 to 1941, compiling a record of 7–11. Loebs played college football at Purdue University as an end.  He was a third-round pick for the New York Giants in the 1936 NFL draft but he never played in the NFL. Prior to becoming head coach at Washington University, he served for three seasons as an assistant coach there.

During World War II, he served in the United States Navy, reaching the rank of lieutenant commander.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Juan Padrón
Juan Manuel Padrón Blanco (January 29, 1947 – March 24, 2020) was a Cuban animation director and comics artist,  best known as the creator of the comic strip Elpidio Valdés.

He was born in Matanzas. From 1963 he published sketches and cartoons for Cuban magazines and newspapers. He was the creator, in 1970, of Elpidio Valdés, a cartoon character (and series) with more than twenty shorts and three feature-length movies. Padrón received international attention for Vampires in Havana, an adult-oriented comedy feature that gathered a cult following abroad.

Padrón directed six animated feature films in total, along with many shorts, especially those with Elpidio Valdés as the main character; and the one-minute comedy sketches for adults "Filminutos".

In 2008, Padrón was selected as the recipient of Cuba's National Film Award.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
European Market Infrastructure Regulation
The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is an EU regulation aimed at reducing systemic counterparty and operational risk and thereby preventing future financial system collapses. Its focus is regulation of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories. It provides steer on reporting of derivative contracts, implementation of risk management standards and common rules for central counterparties and trade repositories.

The regulation was initially adopted in 2012 and an amended version, the EMIR Refit regulation, was later on adopted in 2019.

European Securities and Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris.

ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision in Paris, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) also in Paris and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in Frankfurt.
Arthur Van Haren Jr.
Arthur Van Haren Jr. (April 9, 1920 – August 11, 1992) was a World War II fighter pilot who is considered the top fighter ace of World War II from Arizona. He may be one of very few highly decorated Hispanic fighter-pilot aces in the history of aerial warfare.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
Glycoside hydrolase family 45
In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 45 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

Glycoside hydrolase family 45 CAZY GH_45 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). This family is also known as cellulase family K. The best conserved region in these enzymes is located in the N-terminal section. It contains an aspartic acid residue which has been shown to act as a nucleophile in the catalytic mechanism. This also has several cysteines that are involved in forming disulphide bridges.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Bev LaVeck
Beverly "Bev" LaVeck -Vander Veer -McCall (born Beverly Beers April 22, 1936 in Seattle, Washington - February 22, 2011 in Leavenworth, Washington) was a masters racewalker.  From the late 1970s until her death, her name was synonymous with the masters division of the sport of race walking in the United States.  She still holds numerous American records in race walking including most distances in the W60 division.  Not only was she in the record books, she was the keeper of those records for most of that time both for USATF (and its predecessor TAC) and for World Masters Athletics (and its predecessor WAVA).  She was elected into the inaugural class of the USATF Masters Hall of Fame.

Leavenworth, Washington
Leavenworth is a city in Chelan County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,263 at the 2020 census. The entire town center is modeled on a Bavarian village as part of a civic initiative that began in the 1960s. Leavenworth is part of the Wenatchee–East Wenatchee metropolitan area.

The city is connected to the Seattle metropolitan area by U.S. Route 2, which also provides access to the Stevens Pass Ski Area.
Adoration of the Magi (Coecke van Aelst, Amsterdam)
Triptych of the Adoration of the Magi (Dutch: Drieluik met de aanbidding der koningen), is a c. 1530 oil on panel triptych of the Nativity by the (workshop of) Dutch artist Pieter Coecke van Aelst in the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Pieter Coecke van Aelst
Pieter Coecke van Aelst or Pieter Coecke van Aelst the Elder (14 August 1502 – 6 December 1550) was a  Flemish painter, sculptor, architect, author and designer of woodcuts, goldsmith's work, stained glass and tapestries.  His principal subjects were Christian religious themes.  He hailed from the Duchy of Brabant, worked in Antwerp and Brussels, and was appointed court painter to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Coecke van Aelst was a polyglot.  He published translations into Flemish (Dutch), French and German of Ancient Roman and modern Italian architectural treatises.  These publications played a pivotal role in the dissemination of Renaissance ideas in Northern Europe.  They contributed to the transition in Northern Europe from the late Gothic style then prevalent towards a modern 'antique-oriented' architecture.
Gérard Denis Cohen
Gérard Denis Cohen (25 August 1951 – 1 June 2018) was a Computer Science Professor with Telecom ParisTech (ENST) in Paris, France.

Cohen was awarded with Ph.D. from the Pierre and Marie Curie University where he studied under the mentorships of Robert Fortet and Michel Deza. His dissertation thesis was on "Distance Minimale et Enumeration de Poids des Codes Lineaires
Mathematics Subject Classification: 05—Combinatorics".

Cohen was appointed a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the IEEE Information Theory Society in 2013 for his contributions to combinatorial aspects of coding theory.

Télécom Paris
Télécom Paris is an engineering grande école located in Palaiseau, France. It is a member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris and the Institut Mines-Télécom. In 2021, it was the sixth highest ranked French university in THE World University Rankings, and the 7th best small university worldwide.
In the QS Ranking, Télécom Paris is the 64th best university worldwide in engineering.

In 1991, Télécom Paris and the EPFL established a school named EURECOM located in Sophia-Antipolis. Students can be admitted either in Palaiseau or in Sophia-Antipolis.
Service tree
Service tree can refer to:

Sorbus domestica, service tree or sorb tree

Sorbus latifolia, service tree of Fontainebleau

Sorbus pseudofennica, Arran service tree

Torminalis glaberrima, wild service tree

Hedlundia pseudofennica
Hedlundia pseudofennica, also called Arran service-tree or Arran cut-leaved whitebeam, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. Endemic to the Isle of Arran in Scotland, it is threatened by habitat loss. It is thought to be a naturally occurring hybrid between H. arranensis and Sorbus aucuparia, probably with additional backcrossing with S. aucuparia. Hedlundia arranensis is itself a hybrid between Aria rupicola and S. aucuparia. Apomixis and hybridization are common in some groups of Sorbus species.
Samekh
Samekh or samech is the fifteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, Hebrew sāmeḵ ס‎, Aramaic samek 𐡎, and Syriac semkaṯ ܣ. Samekh is the only letter of the Semitic abjad that has no surviving descendant in the Arabic alphabet; however, it was present in the Nabataean alphabet, the Arabic alphabet's immediate predecessor, as the letter simkath 𐢖‎, which was related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪏‎‎‎ and South Arabian 𐩯. The numerical value of samekh is 60.

Samekh represents a voiceless alveolar fricative /s/. In the Hebrew language, the samekh ס‎ has the same pronunciation as the left-dotted shin שׂ‎.

In Arabic, samekh is replaced by the letter sīn (س‎, /s/) which is the 15th letter in the common Abjadi order, and the 12th letter in the Hija'i order, it has the same numerical (abjad) value of 60 in the common Abjadi order.

Letter (alphabet)
In a writing system, a letter is a grapheme that generally corresponds to a phoneme—the smallest functional unit of speech—though there is rarely total one-to-one correspondence between the two. An alphabet is a writing system that uses letters.
Omodeo Tasso
Omodeo Tasso or Omodeo de Tassis (XIII Century – 1290) was the late-13th century Italian patriarch of the Thurn und Taxis dynasty generally credited with initiating the first modern postal service as the administrators first of the Imperial Post and later their own postal network.

Omodeo's family was known to have lived in the Val Brembana in Cornello dei Tasso since c. 1200. The feuding between the Guelf Colleoni and the Ghibelline Suardi in the nearby commune of Bergamo caused them to relocate to the more distant village of Cornello, where Omodeo grew up. Around 1290, after Milan had conquered Bergamo, Omodeo organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (Italian: Compagnia dei Corrieri) and linked Milan with Venice and Rome. The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his company was so comparatively efficient that post riders became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy.

Post riders
Post riders or postriders describes a horse and rider postal delivery system that existed at various times and various places throughout history. The term is usually reserved for instances where a network of regularly scheduled service was provided under some degree of central management by the State or State licensed monopoly.

These networks included predefined routes known as post roads complete with distance markers and waypoints. Unlike other forms of mounted courier, post riders collected and delivered mail over the course of their route, meeting with other riders at scheduled times and scheduled places to exchange forwarded items. In this way correspondence could pass reliably from rider to rider and cover a considerable distance in a reasonable time at reduced cost.

While some integration with local postal services in larger centers occurred, by and large the post riders were a separate entity under separate management and tariff structure.
2000 National Hurling League
The 2000 National Hurling League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Church & General National Hurling League, was the 69th edition of the National Hurling League (NHL), an annual hurling competition for the GAA county teams. Galway won the league, beating Tipperary in the final.

Longford GAA
The Longford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae an Longfort) or Longford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Longford. The county board is also responsible for the Longford county teams.

The county football team won its only National Football League title in 1966 with a one-point victory over Galway in the Home Final and an aggregate win over New York in the Final. The team won its only Leinster Senior Football Championship title in 1968, with a 3-9 to 1-4 win over Laois.
A40 autoroute
The Autoroute A40 is a motorway in France that extends from Mâcon on the west to Passy on the east, terminating not far from Chamonix and the Mont Blanc Tunnel. The road runs 208 kilometres (129 mi) through Bresse, the high southern Jura Mountains, northern Prealps and French Alps. It was fully completed in 1990, and includes 12 viaducts and 3 tunnels. The road is maintained by Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône (APRR and ATMB), comprising part of European routes E25 and E62.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
Hen Municipality
Hen is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 245.5-square-kilometre (94.8 sq mi) municipality existed from 1902 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Rauma Municipality in the traditional district of Romsdal. The administrative centre was the village of Isfjorden. The area of Hen Municipality is still a parish within the municipality of Rauma. The parish has one church, Hen Church, located in Isfjorden.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 245.5-square-kilometre (94.8 sq mi) municipality was the 332nd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Hen Municipality was the 504th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,661. The municipality's population density was 6.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 0.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Districts of Norway
The country of Norway is historically divided into a number of districts. Many districts have deep historical roots, and only partially coincide with today's administrative units of counties and municipalities. The districts are defined by geographical features, often valleys, mountain ranges, fjords, plains, or coastlines, or combinations of the above. Many such regions were petty kingdoms up to the early Viking Age.
Bacteriophage AP205
Bacteriophage AP205 is a plaque-forming bacteriophage that infects Acinetobacter bacteria. Bacteriophage AP205 is a protein-coated virus with a positive single-stranded RNA genome. It is a member of the family Fiersviridae, consisting of particles that infect Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli.

AP205 was isolated from the gram negative species Acinetobacter. Sewage from Quebec, Canada was scanned for bacteriophages that replicated in Acinetobacter bacteria. AP205 was isolated by enrichment methods from urine by P. J. M. Bouvet. The virus was attached to a pili of Acinetobacter. Using electron microscopy, researchers were able to describe the physical characteristics of AP205.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Classic Rock Gold
Classic Rock Gold is a two-disc compilation album released in 2005. It features thirty-three of the greatest hits to come out of classic rock, many of which are from the Universal Music Group catalogue.

The cover features, clockwise from the top left: Whitesnake, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Steppenwolf, Scorpions, Joe Walsh, Rod Stewart and Peter Frampton (all of which recorded for labels that were later merged into what is now Universal Music Group).

Randy Bachman
Randolph Charles Bachman OC OM FRCMT(hon) (/ˈbækmən/ BAK-mən; born September 27, 1943) is a Canadian guitarist, singer, and songwriter.  He was a founding member of the bands The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive. He was the writer and singer of several hit rock songs, including, "Takin' Care of Business", and "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet". Bachman also recorded as a solo artist and was part of a number of short-lived bands such as Brave Belt, Union and Ironhorse. He was a national radio personality on CBC Radio, hosting the weekly music show, Vinyl Tap. Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016.
Frog Wood Bog
Frog Wood Bog  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Teesdale district of County Durham, England. It lies alongside Bedburn Beck, approximately 3.5 km west of the village of Bedburn.

The site mainly consists of mire vegetation, of two distinct varieties, one characterised by an abundance of bog mosses, Sphagnum spp, the other dominated by soft rush, Juncus effusus, and hare's-tail cottongrass, Eriophorum vaginatum.  There are also areas of grassland and a secondary woodland of downy birch, Betula pubescens, with a groundcover of rush, bog mosses and purple moor-grass, Molinia caerulea. The importance of the site is the mire vegetation, which, of this type, is scarce in County Durham.

Eriophorum vaginatum
Eriophorum vaginatum, the hare's-tail cottongrass, tussock cottongrass, or sheathed cottonsedge, is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae. It is native to bogs and other acidic wetlands throughout the Holarctic Kingdom. It is a 30–60 cm high tussock-forming plant with solitary spikes.
2018 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship qualification (AVC)
The Asian section of the 2018 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship qualification acts as qualifiers for the 2018 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship, to be held in Japan, for national teams which are members of the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC). A total of 4+1 slots (4 direct slots and 1 host slot) in the final tournament are available for AVC teams.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.