hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bibb Graves
David Bibb Graves (April 1, 1873 – March 14, 1942) was an American Democratic politician and the 38th governor of Alabama 1927–1931 and 1935–1939, the first Alabama governor to serve two four-year terms.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Iraq Oil Law
The Iraq Oil Law, also referred to as the Iraq Hydrocarbon Law was a piece of legislation submitted to the Iraqi Council of Representatives in May 2007 that laid out a framework for the regulation and development of Iraq's oil fields. It is a part of that nation's energy law.

Iraq Petroleum Company
The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), formerly known as the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), is an oil company that had a virtual monopoly on all oil exploration and production in Iraq between 1925 and 1961. It was jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies and headquartered in London, England.

In June 1972, the Ba'athist government in Iraq nationalized the IPC, and its operations were taken over by the Iraq National Oil Company. The company "Iraq Petroleum Company" still remains extant, although only in paper form. One associated company – the Abu Dhabi Petroleum Company (ADPC, formerly Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Ltd) – also continues with its original shareholding intact.

The related Iraq Petroleum Group was an association of companies that played a major role in the discovery and development of oil resources in areas of the Middle East outside Iraq.
Harzvorland-Huy
Harzvorland-Huy was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated between Wernigerode and Halberstadt. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Ströbeck.

It was disbanded on 1st January 2010.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Harzvorland-Huy consisted of the following municipalities:

Aspenstedt

Athenstedt

Danstedt

Langenstein

Sargstedt

Ströbeck

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Get It Together (Beastie Boys song)
"Get It Together" is a song by American hip-hop group the Beastie Boys, released as a single from their fourth studio album, Ill Communication. The album version of the song features rapper Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest, but not the single version.

"Get It Together" is a hip-hop song containing elements of funk, boom bap, soul-jazz. The song contains vocal samples from the song "Headless Heroes" by Eugene McDaniels, and heavily samples a loop from "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" by the Moog Machine, from the album Switched-On Rock. "Get It Together" also appears on two group's compilation albums The Sounds of Science and Beastie Boys Music.

Beastie Boys Anthology: The Sounds of Science
Beastie Boys Anthology: The Sounds of Science is the first anthology album by American rap rock group Beastie Boys composed of greatest hits, B-sides, and previously unreleased tracks. The retail release comes with a tri-fold sleeve that displays the majority of the band's album covers, as well as a booklet of liner notes. The title of the anthology is from the song of the same name, featured on their second album, Paul's Boutique. The title was actually submitted by Grand Royal Records employee Kenny "Tick" Salcido to the band, and the title was chosen for the anthology.

Customers could also purchase through mail order a custom version of the album from Grand Royal featuring the B-sides and rarities.
Kratochwil
Kratochwil is the German spelling of the Czech/Slovak surname Kratochvíl. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Kratochwil (born 1944), German professor of political studies and political writer

Heinz Kratochwil (1933–1995), Austrian composer and music teacher

Maria Antonina Kratochwil (1881–1942), one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II

Siegfried L. Kratochwil (1916–2005), Austrian painter and poet

Veronika Kratochwil (born 1988), Austrian diver

Maria Antonina Kratochwil
Maria Antonina Kratochwil (21 August 1881 – 7 October 1942) was beatified by Pope John Paul II as one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II. She tried to help the Jews survive during the Holocaust. A member of the School Sisters of Notre Dame residing in the Kresy region of the Polish Second Republic before the war began; she was arrested along with her sisters by Nazi Germans a year after Operation Barbarossa of 1941, and singled out for anti-Nazi activities. She was severely beaten while in prison, contracted typhus, and died upon her hasty release.
Ernest Maxin
Ernest Maxin (22 August 1923 – 27 September 2018) was a British television producer, director, dancer and choreographer. He is best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with Kathy Kirby, Dick Emery, Dave Allen, Les Dawson, and Morecambe and Wise.

Dave Allen (comedian)
David Tynan O'Mahony (6 July 1936 – 10 March 2005), known professionally as Dave Allen, was an Irish comedian, satirist, and actor. He was best known for his observational comedy. Allen regularly provoked indignation by highlighting political hypocrisy and showing disdain for religious authority. His technique and style have influenced young British comedians.

Initially becoming known in Australia in 1963 and 1964, Allen made regular television appearances in the United Kingdom from the late 1960s until the mid-1980s. The BBC aired his Dave Allen Show from 1971 to 1986, which was also exported to several other European countries. He had a major resurgence during the late 1980s and early to mid-1990s before retiring in 1998. His television shows were also broadcast in the United States, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Australia, and New Zealand.
Timoconia peron
Timoconia peron, the large dingy skipper or dingy grass-skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

The larvae feed on Stenotaphrum secundatum, Gahnia sieberiana, Lomandra species, Dianella caerulea and other Dianella species.

Dianella (plant)
Dianella is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the monocot family Asphodelaceae, commonly known as flax lilies. Plants in this genus are tufted herbs with more or less linear leaves and bisexual flowers with three sepals more or less similar to three petals and a superior ovary, the fruit a berry. They occur in Africa, South-east Asia, the Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Australia.

Several species of this genus, or the whole genus, are sometimes referred to by the common name blue flax lily, particularly in Australia.
The Hermitage (Tillery, North Carolina)
The Hermitage, also known as Tillery House, is a historic plantation house located near Tillery, Halifax County, North Carolina. It was built about 1810, and is a tripartite house that consists of a two-story, three-bay, pedimented central block flanked by one-story, two-bay, wings. An exterior end chimney rises at the end of each wing and at the rear of the very long central block.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Jason Allen (politician)
Jason Allen (born March 13, 1963) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2002 and a member of the state senate from 2003 to 2010. He represented the 37th district, which includes Grand Traverse, Antrim, Charlevoix, Emmet, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Chippewa and Mackinac Counties.

After leaving the state legislature, Allen served as a senior policy advisor for the Michigan Veterans Affairs Agency, Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, State of Michigan. He served as the Michigan state director for USDA Rural Development during the first Trump administration.

Allen was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 1st congressional district in 2010 and 2016, but lost the Republican primary both times.

Presque Isle County, Michigan
Presque Isle County (/ˈprɛskiːl/ PRESK-eel) is a county in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. State of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,982. The county seat is Rogers City. The county was authorized by State legislation on April 1, 1840, but the county government was not established until 1871. The government was reorganized in 1875. The name is an anglicisation of the French word presqu'île or presque-isle, which means a specific kind of peninsula with a very narrow isthmus or connection to another landform, denominated a "presque-isle", i. e., literally "almost an island". A large part of Presque Isle Township consists of that peninsula, with Lake Huron on the east, Grand Lake on the west, and narrow strips of land connecting it to the mainland at the north and south ends. The community of Presque Isle is near the center of this peninsula.
James Addison Young
James Addison Young (21 January 1815 – 9 March 1875) was an American politician.

Young was born on 21 January 1815 in Rockbridge County, Virginia, to a family of Scots-Irish descent. He was the seventh of eight siblings. Young worked on a farm as a child, and later learned to make saddles and harnesses from John A. Wolfley in Circleville, Ohio. Young moved through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky, before settling in Oskaloosa, Iowa, in October 1849. Between 1850 and 1858, he ran a store.

Young supported the Whig Party until its dissolution, when he joined the Republican Party. Between 1861 and January 1872, Young served as Mahaska County treasurer. He won the District 18 seat in the Iowa Senate in the 1871 election and remained in office until his death on 9 March 1875.

Oskaloosa, Iowa
Oskaloosa is a city in, and the county seat of, Mahaska County, Iowa. The population was 11,558 in the 2020 U.S. census. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Oskaloosa was a national center of bituminous coal mining. Today, Oskaloosa is home to William Penn University, a private university, and Lake Keomah State Park which is located four miles east of the city.
2023 China Open – Women's singles
Iga Świątek defeated Liudmila Samsonova in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2023 China Open. It was her sixth career WTA 1000 title.

Naomi Osaka was the reigning champion from 2019, when the event was last held, but was on maternity leave this year.

WTA 1000 tournaments
The WTA 1000 tournaments are a category of tennis tournaments on the WTA Tour, governed by the Women's Tennis Association. The old WTA Premier Mandatory and Premier 5 tournaments merged into a single highest tier implemented in the 2021 schedule reorganization. Only four of the nine WTA 1000 tournaments were mandatory until 2024, when the category expanded to ten mandatory tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 1,000. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 500 points for winning a WTA 500 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.
Bulgantamir Sergelenbaatar
Bulgantamir Sergelenbaatar (Mongolia: Сэргэлэнбаатарын Булгантамир; Sergelenbaatariin Bulgantamir; born November 28, 1999) is a Mongolian female volleyball player. She is the Outside Hitter and Captain of the Mongolian club Enacoree Monty. She has won the Mongolian national league title (2019) and also became the MVP. Bulgantamir entered the Mongolia women's national volleyball team for the first time in 2016 Eastern Asian Championship.

2016 Eastern Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2016 Eastern Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the 10th edition of the AVC Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship, the volleyball championship of East Asia. It was held in Zhangjiagang, China from 19 to 24 July 2016.

Chinese Taipei won their third title, defeating Japan in the final, 3–1. Wu Weihua was elected the most valuable player.
Dirk Janssen
Dirk Janssen (11 July 1881 – 22 November 1986) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Born in Groningen, Janssen was part of the Dutch gymnastics team, which finished seventh in the team event. In the individual all-around competition he finished 69th.

He was the younger brother of Jan Janssen. He died at the age of 105 in Haarlem.

Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's individual all-around, also known as the heptathlon, was one of two gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. As suggested by the alternate name, the competition included seven events with the scores summed to give a final score. Each nation could enter up to 20 gymnasts, with France and Great Britain each entering the maximum. A total of 97 gymnasts from 12 nations competed. The event was won by Alberto Braglia of Italy, the nation's first medal in the men's individual all-around. Silver went to Walter Tysall of Great Britain, the first medal for the nation as well. France's Louis Ségura earned bronze.

Unlike in 1904, the results for the individual all-around were not used for the men's team event in 1908.
Paradiseo
ParadisEO is an object-oriented framework dedicated to the flexible design of metaheuristics. It uses EO, a template-based, ANSI-C++ compliant computation library.  ParadisEO is portable across both Windows system and sequential platforms (Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, etc.). ParadisEO is distributed under the CeCill license and can be used under several environments.

ANSI C
ANSI C, ISO C, and Standard C are successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  Historically, the names referred specifically to the original and best-supported version of the standard (known as C89 or C90).  Software developers writing in C are encouraged to conform to the standards, as doing so helps portability between compilers.
Mike Van Diest
Mike Van Diest (born c. 1951 or 1952) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach at Carroll College in Helena, Montana from 1999 to 2018, compiling a record of 203–54. Van Diest's Carroll Fighting Saints won six NAIA National Championships, four consecutively from 2002 to 2005, a fifth in 2007, and a sixth in 2010.

Carroll Fighting Saints football
The Carroll Fighting Saint football program represents Carroll College of Helena, Montana, in college football. The team competes in the Frontier Conference, which is affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The Carroll Fighting Saints football team began playing in 1920 and is one of the most successful programs in the NAIA division of college football.

The team is currently coached by Troy Purcell who is in his fifth season at Carroll. The Carroll College Fighting Saints play their home games on campus at Nelson Stadium.
Battle of Khalakhaljid Sands
The Battle of Khalakhaljid Sands was fought between Genghis Khan, then known as Temüjin, and the forces of Toghrul, khan of the Kereit. The Kereit elites, deeply suspicious of Temüjin's diplomatic overtures to Toghrul, had convinced their leader to turn on his vassal. Warned by two herdsmen, Temüjin had escaped a planned ambush but was pursued by a larger force. His Mongol allies came to his aid at the Khalakhaljid Sands, but they were defeated. Following the battle, in which Temüjin's 17-year-old son Ögedei was severely wounded, Temüjin swore the Baljuna Covenant with his companions.

Keraites
The Keraites (also Kerait, Kereit, Khereid, Kazakh: керейт; Kyrgyz: керей; Mongolian: ᠬᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠳ, Хэрэйд; Nogai: Кереит; Uzbek: Kerait; Chinese: 克烈, Persian: کرایت) were one of the five dominant Turco-Mongol tribal confederations (khanates) in the Altai-Sayan region during the 12th century. They had converted to the Church of the East in the early 11th century and are one of the possible sources of the European Prester John legend.

Their original territory was expansive, corresponding to much of what is now Mongolia. Vasily Bartold (1913) located them along the upper Onon and Kherlen rivers and along the Tuul river. They were defeated by Genghis Khan in 1203 and became influential in the rise of the Mongol Empire, and were gradually absorbed into the succeeding Mongol khanates during the 13th century.
David Felder
David Felder (born November 27, 1953) is an American composer and academic who was a SUNY Distinguished Professor at the University at Buffalo until his retirement in 2023. He was also the director of the June in Buffalo Festival and the Robert and Carol Morris Center for 21st Century Music and the Founding Director of the Slee Sinfonietta Professional Chamber Orchestra.

Arditti Quartet
The Arditti Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1974 and led by British violinist Irvine Arditti through many changes in membership. Internationally recognized in contemporary classical music, they are noted for precision in demanding repertoire. Many composers have written for the Quartet, which often rehearses with them. The ensemble has performed worldwide, produced the largest discography of its kind, and in 1999 became the first group to receive the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize.
(Is This the Way to) Amarillo
"(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield. It is about a man traveling to Amarillo, Texas, to find his girlfriend Marie.

Written by two Americans with a strong country-western lyrical theme, the song was first released in Europe, where it has become much more popular than in the composers' native country, with a big-band/orchestral pop arrangement sung by Tony Christie. Christie's version was a major hit in Europe and a modest success in his native United Kingdom upon its release, then became even more popular in the mid-2000s when the song was reissued. As Christie's version failed to make a major impact in the U.S., Sedaka released his own recording of the song in 1977, which narrowly missed the top 40 but was an easy listening hit in the U.S. and Canada.

Western music (North America)
Western music, also known as country and western or simply western, is a form of music composed by and about the people who settled and worked throughout the Western United States and Western Canada. Western music celebrates the lifestyle of the cowboy on the open range, along the Rocky Mountains, and among the prairies of Western North America. The genre grew from the mix of cultural influences in the American frontier and what became the Southwestern United States at the time, it came from the folk music traditions of those living the region, those being the hillbilly music from those that arrived from the Eastern U.S., the corrido and ranchera from Northern Mexico, and the New Mexico and Tejano endemic to the Southwest. The music industry of the mid-20th century grouped the western genre with that of similar folk origins, instrumentation and rural themes, to create the banner of country and western music, which was simplified in time to country music.
Karpatske
Karpatske  (Ukrainian: Карпа́тське; formerly known as Hnyla, Гни́ла, Polish: Hnyła) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast on the western of Ukraine. It belongs to Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. 
Its population is 1,190. Local government — Karpatska village council. It is 188 kilometres (117 mi) from the city of Lviv, 155 kilometres (96 mi) from Uzhhorod, and 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Turka.

Its center lies at a latitude of 48.9487800 and longitude of 22.9211600 and it has an elevation of 779 meters above sea level.

The village was established in 1561 by Aleksy Mrzygłód.

Until 18 July 2020, Karpatske belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Turka, Ukraine
Turka (Ukrainian: Турка, IPA: [ˈturkɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Turka; Yiddish: טורקא), formerly known as Turka nad Stryiom (Ukrainian: Турка над Стрийом; Polish: Turka nad Stryjem) is a city located at the confluence of the Stryi River and the Yablunka River in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located by the Carpathian Mountains. It hosts the administration of Turka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 6,925 (2022 estimate).

Until 18 July 2020, Turka belonged to Turka Raion and was the administrative center. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven.
Mutual Life Insurance Co of New York v Rank Organisation Ltd
Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York v The Rank Organisation Ltd. [1985] BCLC 11 is a UK company law case dealing with "oppression" (or unfair prejudice) under section 20 Companies Act 1948 (now s.994 Companies Act 2006). Goulding J delivered the first instance judgment.

Companies Act 2006
The Companies Act 2006 (c. 46) is a lengthy act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, whose 1,300 sections and additional schedules form the primary source of UK company law, including the duties of a company's directors.
John Starkie
John Pierce Chamberlain Starkie (28 June 1830 – 12 June 1888) was an English Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1880.

Starkie was the son of Le Gendre Nicholas Starkie of Huntroyde Hall, Padiham, Lancashire former M.P. for Pontefract and his wife Anne Chamberlain, daughter of Abraham Chamberlain of Rylstone, Yorkshire. He was educated at Eton College, and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge graduating LLB in 1857 and ML. in 1869. He inherited Ashton Hall on the death of his father.

He was a J.P. for Lancashire, and a lieutenant in the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry Cavalry.

At the 1868 general election Starkie was elected as a member of parliament for North East Lancashire. He held the seat until his defeat at the 1880 general election.

Starkie died at the age of 57. He had married in 1861 Ann Charlotte Amelia Hudson, daughter of Harrington Hudson of Blessingby, Yorkshire, with whom he had two daughters.

Rylstone
Rylstone is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated very near to Cracoe and about 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Grassington. The population of the civil parish as of the 2001 census was 122, and had risen to 160 by the time of the 2011 census. In 2015, the population was estimated to be 180.