hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konstantin Landa
Konstantin Landa (Russian: Константин Ланда; 22 May 1972 – October 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster. He competed in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 and FIDE World Cup 2007. In 2011 he was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer.

Landa's best tournament results include: shared first place with Zahar Efimenko at Fürth 2002, first at Trieste 2005, first at Reggio Emilia 2005/2006, first at HZ Tournament 2011. In the European Club Cup, Landa played for gold medal-winning team Ladya Azov in 1997.

Landa died in October 2022, at the age of 50.

Azov
Azov (Russian: Азов, IPA: [ɐˈzof] ⓘ), previously known as Azak (Turki/Kypchak: ازاق‎),
is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is 81,924 in the 2021 census, 82,937 in the 2010 census, 82,090 in the 2002 census, and 80,297 in the 1989 Soviet census.
Chrome and Hot Leather
Chrome and Hot Leather is a 1971 American action revenge film about Green Berets vs. bikers with touches of comedy. It is one of two films to feature singer Marvin Gaye in an acting role, the other being the 1969 film The Ballad of Andy Crocker.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
Home Room (2002 film)
Home Room is an independent film written and directed by Paul F. Ryan, and starring Busy Philipps, Erika Christensen, Holland Taylor and Victor Garber. It premiered at the Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival on April 12, 2002, before being given a limited theatrical release on September 5, 2003.

Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival
Taos Talking Pictures was a non-profit corporation registered with the State of New Mexico in 1994 by actor Joshua Bryant, Phillip Kirk, and attorney Stephen Rose for the purpose of producing The Taos Talking Picture Festival, which premiered in April 1995. After four years, it was named by writer Chris Gore as one of the top ten film festivals in the world. The festival was also notable for offering a Land Grant Prize, which gave the filmmaker with the winning feature-length film five acres of land located Northwest of Taos on nearby Cerro Montoso.

In the unsettled national climate after the September 11 attacks, Taos Talking Pictures found it more and more difficult to raise enough funding to continue its work. It folded The Taos Talking Picture Festival in 2003.
Fusil Automático Doble
The Fusil Automático Doble (English: Double Automatic Rifle) is a Peruvian bullpup assault rifle designed by Peruvian arms designer Salomón Braga Lozo and manufactured by SIMA Electrónica.

Due to its simplicity and light weight, it is used in the Peruvian Army as a secondary weapon. The country was originally intending on purchasing 580,000 AN-94 assault rifles to replace the HK33 already in service, but ended up settling on the FAD due to its price.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.
Life stages of mites
Mites start as an egg and then may pass through up to six instars: prelarva, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult. These developmental stages may look different or may be omitted depending on the mite group. All mites have an adult stage; the female is the dispersal stage in some Mesostigmata and Prostigmata. Deutonymphs may also be the dispersal stage in Mesostigmata and Astigmata. The deutonymph is unspecialized or slightly specialized in Mesostigmata.

In Astigmata, the larva, protonymph, tritonymph, and adult are usually feeding ontogenetic stages, though exceptions occur, while the deutonymph serves for dispersal or survival in severe conditions, lacks mouthparts, and cannot feed (though non-oral feeding is possible in several taxa). Deutonymphs have many morphological specializations for phoresy, and they are strikingly different from other life stages.

Locustacarus buchneri
Locustacarus buchneri is a parasitic mite that lives in the respiratory air sacs of bumblebees. They are relatively host-specific and are found primarily in the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto. Bees infested with the mite have a reduced lifespan in laboratory conditions, and although in one study they foraged at a rate similar to uninfected bees, infected bees showed a greater preference for a single flower type. Prevalence varies, but infection appears to be more common among commercial colonies than wild populations. Among colonies commercially imported from the Netherlands and Belgium to Japan, infestation rates were 20%. In South America, prevalence is very low in native populations. In Canada, there was evidence that commercial bumblebee populations were spreading L. buchneri to wild populations.
Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006
The Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006 (c 19) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which aims to boost the number of heat and electricity microgeneration installations in the United Kingdom, so helping to cut carbon emissions and reduce fuel poverty.

The Act was piloted through the House of Commons as a private member's bill by Mark Lazarowicz, MP.

The Rt Hon Eric Forth MP, a well known opponent of Private Members' Bills who often filibustered them in Parliament, died during the passage of this bill through Parliament, after having prolonged the debate during Third Reading and Report for a number of days.

Biomass
Biomass is material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants or animals. Beyond this general definition, there are differences in how the term is used and applied depending on industry or subject-matter norms. For example, it may be more narrowly defined as just plant matter, or as a combination of plant and animal matter.
Peano surface
In mathematics, the Peano surface is the graph of the two-variable function

It was proposed by Giuseppe Peano in 1899 as a counterexample to a conjectured criterion for the existence of maxima and minima of functions of two variables.

The surface was named the Peano surface (German: Peanosche Fläche) by Georg Scheffers in his 1920 book Lehrbuch der darstellenden Geometrie. It has also been called the Peano saddle.

Multivariable calculus
Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable to functions of several variables: the differentiation and integration of functions involving multiple variables (multivariate), rather than just one.

Multivariable calculus may be thought of as an elementary part of calculus on Euclidean space. The special case of calculus in three dimensional space is often called vector calculus.
Westfjords (Althing constituency)
Westfjords (Icelandic: Vestfirðir) was one of the multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 1959 following the nationwide extension of proportional representation for elections to the Althing. It was abolished in 2003 when the constituency was merged into the Northwestern constituency following the re-organisation of constituencies across Iceland. Westfjords was conterminous with the Westfjords region.

Einar Kristinn Guðfinnsson
Einar Kristinn Guðfinnsson (born 2 December 1955) is an Icelandic politician. He was speaker of the Althing, in office 2013 until 2016. He was Iceland's Minister of Fisheries from September 2005, and became Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture when the two ministries merged on 1 January 2008 until 1 February 2009.
Hamat Bah
Hamat Ngai Kumba Bah is a Gambian politician who is the current Minister of Tourism and Culture in President Adama Barrow's cabinet. He is also the leader of the National Reconciliation Party (NRP) and has been a presidential candidate in 1996, 2001 and 2011. He was the National Assembly Member for Upper Saloum from 1997 to 2005.

Cabinet of the Gambia
The Cabinet of The Gambia is responsible for advising the President of the Gambia and for carrying out other functions as prescribed by law. It is composed of the President, the Vice-President, and the cabinet ministers. It is responsible for regulating the procedure of its own meetings and is held accountable for its actions by the National Assembly of the Gambia, according to Sections 74 and 75 of the Constitution of the Gambia.

The current cabinet of the Gambia is led by president Adama Barrow.
Grypus equiseti
Grypus equiseti, known by the common name horsetail weevil, is a species of weevil native to Europe. It feeds on Equisetum arvense (field horsetail or common horsetail) and Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail) plants. It has been introduced to New Zealand to control Equisetum arvense, which is an invasive species there.

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense, commonly known as field horsetail or common horsetail, is a species of vascular plant in the horsetail family Equisetaceae. Like all horsetails, it is a type of fern. It is native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has two distinct growth forms, a fertile spore-bearing stem and a sterile green stem. It is sometimes confused with mare's tail, Hippuris vulgaris.
Those Who Come, Will Hear
Those Who Come, Will Hear (French: Ceux qui viendront, l'entendront) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Simon Plouffe and released in 2018. A meditation on the importance of language in the maintenance of Indigenous Canadian culture and tradition, the film documents the day-to-day life of various First Nations and Inuit communities in Quebec where indigenous languages are spoken, sometimes fluently and sometimes in code switching to English or French.

The film premiered at the 2018 Ann Arbor Film Festival. It had its Canadian premiere at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Colin Low Award jury.

The film's sound team (Cyril Bourseaux, Mélanie Gauthier, Simon Léveillé, Simon Plouffe, Lynne Trépanier, Jean Paul Vialard and Shikuan Shetush Vollant) won the Prix Iris for Best Sound in a Documentary at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards in 2019.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Monte Fallano Plattenkalk
The Monte Fallano Plattenkalk (Also known as Calcari Oolitici et Oncolitici) is a geological formation in Italy, dating to roughly between 171 and 165 million years ago, and covering the Bajocian-Bathonian stages of the Middle Jurassic Period in southern Italy. It represents a Fossillagerstätte preserving a diverse assemblage of fossils.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
2000 Coca-Cola 600
The 2000 Coca-Cola 600 was the 12th stock car race of the 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 41st iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, May 28, 2000, before an audience of 183,500 in Concord, North Carolina, at Charlotte Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent quad-oval. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. Taking advantage of a misfortunate Jerry Nadeau, Roush Racing's Matt Kenseth managed to make a late-race pass with 26 laps left in the race, leading the rest of the race to take his first career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. With this win, he became the first ever rookie to win the Coca-Cola 600. To fill out the top three, Joe Gibbs Racing's Bobby Labonte and Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt finished second and third, respectively.

Concord, North Carolina
Concord (/ˌkɒnˈkɔːrd/ kon-KORD) is the most populous city in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. The city had a population of 105,240 at the 2020 census. Concord is the second-most populous city in the Charlotte metropolitan area, tenth-most populous city in North Carolina and 287th-most populous city in the U.S.

The city was a winner of the All-America City Award in 2004. Located near the center of Cabarrus County in the Piedmont region, it is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Uptown Charlotte. Concord is the home to some of North Carolina's top tourist destinations, including NASCAR's Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills.
2014–15 Jordan FA Cup
The 2014–15 Jordan FA Cup is the 35th season of the national football competition of Jordan. The winners of the competition will earn a spot in the 2016 AFC Cup.

The 12 teams from the Jordan Premier League will start in a group stage at round one. Six teams in two groups, with the top four sides progressing to the Quarter finals.

2016 AFC Cup
The 2016 AFC Cup was the 13th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya from Iraq defeated India's Bengaluru in the final to win their first AFC Cup title, becoming the first Iraqi team to win the competition. Johor Darul Ta'zim, the defending champions, were eliminated in the semi-finals by Bengaluru.
Testees
Testees is a Canadian television series created by Kenny Hotz, and written and produced by Kenny Hotz and Derek Harvie. It originally aired on FX and ran from October 9, 2008, to January 1, 2009. It debuted on October 14, 2008, on Showcase in Canada. The show was filmed in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario. After one season, Testees was not renewed by FX.

FX Networks
FX Networks, LLC, commonly known as FX Networks, is an American media company founded in 1994 built around FX, FXX, and FX Movie Channel, plus their associated production company, FX Productions, and is a subsidiary of Disney Entertainment Television, the television division of the Disney Entertainment business segment of the Walt Disney Company. Originally a part of News Corporation and later 21st Century Fox after spinning off its publishing assets, the company was included in the acquisition of the latter by Disney on March 20, 2019. Consequently, FX Networks was integrated with the other television production and broadcasting assets that form the Disney General Entertainment Content unit in 2021.
2022 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2022.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Alternating planar algebra
The concept of alternating planar algebras first appeared in the work of Hernando Burgos-Soto on the Jones polynomial of alternating tangles. Alternating planar algebras provide an appropriate algebraic framework for other knot invariants in cases the elements involved in the computation are alternating. The concept has been used in extending to tangles some properties of Jones polynomial and Khovanov homology of alternating links.

Khovanov homology
In mathematics, Khovanov homology is an oriented link invariant that arises as the cohomology of a cochain complex. It may be regarded as a categorification of the Jones polynomial.

It was developed in the late 1990s by Mikhail Khovanov.
Klapka
Klapka (feminine Klapková) is a Czech surname. Notable people include:

Adam Klapka, Czech ice hockey player

Dalimil Klapka, Czech actor

György Klapka (1820–1892), Hungarian soldier

Filip Klapka (born 1981), Czech footballer

Kateřina Klapková, Czech tennis player

Rudolf Klapka, Czech footballer

Jerome Klapka Jerome (1859–1927), English humourist and writer

Jerome K. Jerome
Jerome Klapka Jerome (2 May 1859 – 14 June 1927) was an English writer and humorist, best known for the comic travelogue Three Men in a Boat (1889). Other works include the essay collections Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1886) and Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow; Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat; and several other novels.

Jerome was born in Walsall, England, and, although he was able to attend grammar school, his family suffered from poverty at times, as did he as a young man trying to earn a living in various occupations. In his twenties, he was able to publish some work, and success followed. He married in 1888, and the honeymoon was spent on a boat on the River Thames; he published Three Men in a Boat soon afterwards. He continued to write fiction, non-fiction and plays over the next few decades, though never with the same level of success.
Gahcho Kue Diamond Mine
The Gahcho Kué Diamond Mine is located on the Canadian tundra in the Northwest Territories. It is situated at Kennady Lake (63°26′04″N 109°11′10″W﻿ / ﻿63.43444°N 109.18611°W﻿ / 63.43444; -109.18611﻿ (Kennady Lake)), in the Akaitcho Treaty 8 Territory claim block, which is 85 km (53 mi) southeast of the Snap Lake Diamond Mine and approximately 280 km (170 mi) east northeast of Yellowknife. The site is served by Gahcho Kue Aerodrome, which has both an ice runway in winter and a year-round gravel runway, and a spur of the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road from Lupin Mine. the main camp is at 63°26′05″N 109°12′02″W﻿ / ﻿63.43472°N 109.20056°W﻿ / 63.43472; -109.20056﻿ (Gahcho Kué Diamond Mine, north site), north of the ice strip, with a smaller site at 63°25′48″N 109°12′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.43000°N 109.20000°W﻿ / 63.43000; -109.20000﻿ (Gahcho Kué Diamond Mine, south site), south of the runway.

Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road
Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road is an annual ice road first built in 1982 to service mines and exploration activities in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut in Northern Canada. Between 400 and 600 km (250 and 370 mi) long, the road is said to be the world's longest heavy haul ice road and operates for eight to ten weeks starting in the last week of January. Most of the road (85%–87%) is built over frozen lakes, 495 km (308 mi), with the remaining 73 km (45 mi) built on over 64 land portages between lakes.
1874 North Staffordshire by-election
The 1874 North Staffordshire by-election was fought on 23 March 1874.  The by-election was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Adderley, becoming President of the Board of Trade.  It was retained by the incumbent.

President of the Board of Trade
The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. A committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, it was first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th century that evolved gradually into a government department with diverse functions. The current holder of the post is Peter Kyle, who is concurrently the secretary of state for business and trade.
Family of Thakurganj
Family Of Thakurganj  is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by Manoj K. Jha, and produced by Ajay Kumar Singh. The film stars Jimmy Sheirgill and Mahie Gill, and follows the influence of modern society on traditional values in a typical family. Principal photography of the film began in October 2018 in Lucknow,

Mahie Gill
Rimpy Kaur Gill, known professionally as Mahie Gill (born 19 December 1975), is an Indian actress who works primarily in Hindi and Punjabi-language films. She began her acting career in Punjabi cinema before making her Hindi film debut with Dev.D (2009), directed by Anurag Kashyap.

Gill received wider recognition for her portrayal of Paro in Dev.D, a modern adaptation of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s novella Devdas, for which she won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress in 2010. She later appeared as Madhavi Devi in Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster and its sequel Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns.