hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles W. Mullan
Charles W. Mullin (December 31, 1845 – March 8, 1919) was an American judge, lawyer and politician.

Born in Wayne County, Illinois, Mullan moved with his parents to Black Hawk County, Iowa. He went to the public school in Black Hawk County. During the American Civil War, Mullan served in the 47th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He then studied law, went to Upper Iowa University, and was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1870. Mullan practiced law in Waterloo, Iowa. He served as solicitor for the city of Waterloo and as county attorney for Black Hawk County. Mullan also served on the Waterloo School Board. He was a Republican. From 1898 to 1902, Mullan served in the Iowa State Senate. From 1901 to 1907, Mullan served as Iowa Attorney General. Then from 1913 until his death in 1919, Mullan served as an Iowa District Court judge. Mullan died at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota after undergoing surgery.

47th Iowa Infantry Regiment
The 47th Iowa Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men, an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days.
Loures—Barbazan station
Loures—Barbazan station (French: Gare de Loures—Barbazan) is a railway station in Loures-Barousse, Occitanie, France. As its name suggests, the station also served the nearby commune of Barbazan. The station is on the Montréjeau–Luchon railway line.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Waleswood Colliery
Waleswood Colliery was a coal mine located between Swallownest and Wales Bar, near Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The colliery was adjacent to the Rotherham to Clowne road and the main line of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway about 2 miles east of Woodhouse.

The first shaft was sunk in the 1860s when the colliery was owned by Skinner and Holford Limited. In 1947, the colliery and its associated by-product plant passed to the National Coal Board, the colliery being closed the following year. As the collieries in the area became interconnected, it was retained as a pumping station. The coke ovens and by-products plant closed in 1962.

Many of the colliery buildings have been retained and now form the basis of an industrial estate.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
The Eddie Cochran Memorial Album
The Eddie Cochran Memorial Album is the second album by Eddie Cochran, released on Liberty Records in mono, LRP 3172, in May 1960. It had previously been issued as 12 of His Biggest Hits in April 1960 with the same catalogue number, but after Cochran's death on April 17 it was retitled and reissued, and has remained so titled ever since. It is currently in print on the Magic Records label in France, on CD on EMI-Toshiba in Japan, and on BGO in the UK as a twofer with "Singin' To My Baby."

Liberty Records
Liberty Records was a record label founded in the United States by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Alvin Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.
Desmoteplase
Desmoteplase is a novel, highly fibrin-specific "clot-busting" (thrombolytic) drug in development that reached phase III clinical trials.  The Danish pharmaceutical company, Lundbeck, owns the worldwide rights to Desmoteplase. In 2009, two large trials (DIAS-3 and DIAS-4) were started to test it as a safe and effective treatment for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. After disappointing results in DIAS-3, DIAS-4 was terminated, and in December 2014 Lundbeck announced that they would stop the development of desmoteplase.

Desmoteplase is a recombinant form of the alpha-1 isoform of DSPA (Desmodus rotundus salivary plasminogen activator).

Fibrin
Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen, which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin, together with platelets, forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site.

When the lining of a blood vessel is broken, platelets are attracted, forming a platelet plug. These platelets have thrombin receptors on their surfaces that bind serum thrombin molecules, which in turn convert soluble fibrinogen in the serum into fibrin at the wound site. Fibrin forms long strands of tough insoluble protein that are bound to the platelets. Factor XIII completes the cross-linking of fibrin so that it hardens and contracts. The cross-linked fibrin forms a mesh atop the platelet plug that completes the clot. Fibrin was discovered by Marcello Malpighi in 1666.
Crailing
Crailing is a village on the A698, in Teviotdale, 4m east of Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the historic county of Roxburghshire.

Places nearby include Ancrum, Crailinghall, Eckford, Hownam, Kelso, Nisbet, Roxburghshire, the Oxnam Water, the River Teviot.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Charlie Melançon
Charles Joseph Melançon (/məˈlɑːnsɒn/; born October 3, 1947) is an American politician and former secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.

From 2005 to 2011, he was the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. He earlier served as a state representative, from 1987 to 1993. In 2010, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat held by the Republican David Vitter.

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) is a state agency of Louisiana that maintains state wildlife and fishery areas. The agency is headquartered in the capital city of Baton Rouge.
Wannagan Creek site
The Wannagan Creek site is a fossil site found just west of the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park of North Dakota, US. The site is Paleocene in age, approximately 60 million years old. Paleontologists of the Science Museum of Minnesota have studied the site for nearly thirty years. The site is thought to represent a paleoenviroment of subtropical swampy lowland and forests. Preservation is excellent for both the flora and fauna of the site. Trace fossils of crocodilians and other vertebrates have also been discovered.

Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs a variety of fields including paleontology, ecology, climatology and biology.

Paleoecology emerged from the field of paleontology in the 1950s, though paleontologists have conducted paleoecological studies since the creation of paleontology in the 1700s and 1800s. Combining the investigative approach of searching for fossils with the theoretical approach of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt, paleoecology began as paleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities have been considered an early form of paleoecology. The term "paleo-ecology" was coined by Frederic Clements in 1916.
Adri van Male
Adrianus "Adri" van Male (7 October 1910, in Philippine – 11 October 1990) was a Dutch football goalkeeper.

He played 221 matches for Feyenoord from 1930 to 1939, and 15 matches for the Netherlands national football team from 1932 to 1940, and participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup and the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

Philippine, Netherlands
Philippine is a small city in the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. It lies about 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Vlissingen. It is located on the border with Belgium, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest of the city of Terneuzen. It received city rights in 1506.
Dora Sakayan
Dora Sakayan (classical Armenian orthography: Դորա Սաքայեան Dora Sak'ayean; reformed: Դորա Սաքայան Dora Sak'ayan; born January 24, 1931), Professor of German Studies (retired), McGill University. Specializing initially as a Germanist, today she is also known for her work in various areas of Applied Linguistics and Armenology. Sakayan is noted for pioneering Armenology in Canada and for her books and articles published in her series "Armenian Studies for the English-speaking World."

Classical Armenian orthography
Classical Armenian orthography, traditional orthography or Mashtotsian orthography (Հայերէնի դասական ուղղագրութիւն in classical orthography and Հայերենի դասական ուղղագրություն in reformed orthography, Hayereni tasagan ughakrutyun), is the orthography that was developed by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century for writing Armenian and reformed during the early 20th century. Today, it is used primarily by the Armenian diaspora, including all Western Armenian speakers and Eastern Armenian speakers in Iran, which has rejected the Armenian orthography reform of Soviet Armenia during the 1920s. In the Armenian diaspora, some linguists and politicians allege political motives behind the reform of the Armenian alphabet.

Classical Armenian orthography uses 38 letters: the original 36 letters of the Armenian alphabet invented by Mesrop Mashtots during the 5th century, and the 2 additional letters included later in the Armenian alphabet during the Middle Ages.
CFB Moose Jaw
Canadian Forces Base Moose Jaw (IATA: YMJ, ICAO: CYMJ), also known as 15 Wing Moose Jaw, is a Canadian Forces base located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) south of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. It is operated as an air force base by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and is home to RCAF Pilot training and 431 Squadron, the Snowbirds, which is the RCAF's air demonstration squadron.

The base's airfield is named after Air Vice-Marshal Clifford McEwen and is one of only three military aerodromes in Canada to be named after an individual, Valcartier (W/C J.H.L. (Joe) Lecomte) Heliport and Cold Lake/Group Captain R.W. McNair Airport being the others.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). The customs service is restricted to 15 Wing – Moose Jaw aircraft only.

Port of entry
In general, a port of entry (POE) is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has border security staff and facilities to check passports and visas and to inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a land border. Seaports can be used as ports of entry only if a dedicated customs presence is posted there. The choice of whether to become a port of entry is up to the civil authority controlling the port.
Samuel Anderson (Florida politician)
Samuel Anderson (March 10, 1841 - September 8, 1908) was an American farmer, soldier, and state legislator from Florida. He represented Duval County, Florida in the Florida House of Representatives in 1887.

He was born in Fort Moniac, Florida. He served in the United States Colored Infantry.

Moniac, Georgia
Moniac is an unincorporated community situated along the St. Marys River, in southern Charlton County in the U.S. state of Georgia. Part of the "Georgia Bend" (the "tail" of Georgia that protrudes farther south than the rest of the state), the area was an early trading post in the 1820s as the last outpost before crossing into the Florida territory. The settlement's name comes from Colonel David Moniac, a Creek Indian and West Point graduate who was killed during the second Seminole Indian War. The fort was dismantled in 1842.
Methanothrix
Methanothrix is a genus of methanogenic archaea within the phylum Methanobacteriota. Methanothrix cells were first isolated from a mesophilic sewage digester but have since been found in many anaerobic and aerobic environments. Methanothrix were originally understood to be obligate anaerobes that can survive exposure to high concentrations of oxygen, but recent studies have shown at least one Candidatus operational taxonomic unit proposed to be in the Methanothrix genus not only survives but remains active in oxic soils. This proposed species, Ca. Methanothrix paradoxum, is frequently found in methane-releasing ecosystems and is the dominant methanogen in oxic soils.

Methanothrix are non-motile rod-shaped cells which connect together to form long filaments. These filaments are enclosed in a proteinaceous sheath. Methanothrix species, like their close relative Methanosarcina barkeri, have membranes entirely composed of diphytanylglycerol diethers.

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.
Second Battle of Kernstown order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the American Civil War's Second Battle of Kernstown on July 24, 1864, in Kernstown, now part of the Virginia city of Winchester. The Union order of battle is shown separately.

Second Battle of Kernstown
The Second Battle of Kernstown was fought on July 24, 1864, at Kernstown, Virginia, outside Winchester, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. The Confederate Army of the Valley under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early soundly defeated the Union Army of West Virginia under Brig. Gen. George Crook and drove it from the Shenandoah Valley back over the Potomac River into Maryland. As a result, Early was able to launch the Confederacy's last major raid into northern Union territory, attacking the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Maryland and West Virginia and burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign.
Luopingosaurus
Luopingosaurus (meaning "Luoping lizard") is an extinct genus of pachypleurosaurid sauropterygian from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation of Yunnan Province, China. The genus contains a single species, L. imparilis, known from a well-preserved, nearly complete skeleton.

Sauropterygia
Sauropterygia ("lizard flippers") is an extinct taxon of diverse, aquatic diapsid reptiles that developed from terrestrial ancestors soon after the end-Permian extinction and flourished during the Triassic before all except for the Plesiosauria became extinct at the end of that period. The plesiosaurs would continue to diversify until the end of the Mesozoic, when they became extinct as part of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Sauropterygians are united by a radical adaptation of their pectoral girdle, adapted to support powerful flipper strokes. Some later sauropterygians, such as the pliosaurs, developed a similar mechanism in their pelvis. Other than being diapsids, their affinities to other reptiles have long been contentious.  Sometimes suggested to be closely related to turtles, other proposals have considered them most closely related to Lepidosauromorpha or Archosauromorpha, and/or the marine reptile groups Thalattosauria and Ichthyosauromorpha.
Aoi (wrestler)
Aoi is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working for the Japanese promotion Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out, where she is one-half of the current JTO Girls Tag Team Champions in her third reign.

Queen of JTO Championship
Queen of JTO Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship owned by the Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out (JTO) promotion where it represents the female's top accomplishment. There have been a total of eleven reigns shared between seven different champions. The current title holder is Azusa Inaba who is in her first reign.
Siege of Slunj
The siege of Slunj was an armed conflict in the territory of the municipality of Slunj in 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. It was fought between the Croatian Army (HV) on one side, and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) on the other. It was the largest Croatian enclave that was separated from the rest of Croatia during the conflict. After the JNA took over Slunj, over 16,000 Croats were expelled from the enclave and hundreds were murdered in war crimes during the occupation until the end of the war.

SAO Krajina
The Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina (Serbo-Croatian: Srpska autonomna oblast Krajina / Српска аутономна област Крајина) or SAO Krajina (САО Крајина) was a self-proclaimed Serb Autonomous Region (oblast) within modern-day Croatia (then a part of Yugoslavia). The territory consisted of majority-Serbian municipalities of the Republic of Croatia that declared autonomy in October 1990. It was formed as the  SAO Kninska Krajina (САО Книнска Крајина), but, upon inclusion of additional Serb-populated areas, changed its name simply to SAO Krajina. In 1991 the SAO Krajina declared itself the Republic of Serbian Krajina, and subsequently included the other two Serbian SAOs in Croatia, the SAO Western Slavonia and the SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia.
Matusja Blum
Matusja Blum (1914–1998) was a Bosnian pianist and teacher. She served two terms as dean of the Sarajevo Music Academy.

A recording of a 1995 interview with her is held by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
Marèges Dam
The Marèges Dam is a concrete arch dam on the Dordogne River. It is located 4 km (2 mi) southeast of Liginiac in Corrèze department, France. It was constructed between 1932 and 1935 by the Railway Company du Midi. Its primary purpose is the generation of hydroelectricity and the original power station contained four Francis turbine-generators.

The dam and its power plant was built to help France become less dependent on costly energy resource imports after World War I. The fifth Francis turbine-generator, rated at 122 MW, at the Saint Pierre power station, on the left bank of the river, was commissioned in 1988.

The dam, designed by André Coyne, incorporated several innovative features to include a ski-jump spillway, the right abutment anchored with a prestressed cables and monitored with vibrating wire sensors (emitting an audible signals like a guitar), and a new cofferdam design.

Cofferdam
A cofferdam is an enclosure built within a body of water to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out or drained. This pumping creates a dry working environment so that the work can be carried out safely. Cofferdams are commonly used for construction or repair of permanent dams, oil platforms, bridge piers, etc., built within water.

These cofferdams are usually welded steel structures, with components consisting of sheet piles, wales, and cross braces. Such structures are usually dismantled after the construction work is completed.

The origin of the word comes from coffer (originally from Latin cophinus meaning 'basket') and dam from Proto-Germanic *dammaz meaning 'barrier across a stream of water to obstruct its flow and raise its level').

The term is also used in naval architecture, to refer to a space between two watertight bulkheads or decks within a ship.
2008–09 Duleep Trophy
The 2008–09 Duleep Trophy was the 48th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

West Zone won the title, defeating South Zone in the final.

South Zone cricket team
The South Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents southern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from southern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. South Zone has the third strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 12 times and also shared the winner's trophy twice, with the best team, West Zone having won 18 times plus shared the trophy two times more.