hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spiritopora
Spiritopora is a genus of marine invertebrate. The only known species is Spiritopora perplexa which is endemic to New Zealand. It is a cyclostome bryozoan, in the family Diaperoeciidae and order Cyclostomatida, described by Taylor and Gordon in 2003.

Spiritopora perplexa has been found only in Piwhane / Spirits Bay at the northern tip of the North Island of New Zealand.

Spirits Bay
Spirits Bay, officially named Piwhane / Spirits Bay, is a remote bay at the northern end of the Aupōuri Peninsula, which forms the northern tip of New Zealand's North Island. It lies between Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the west and Ngataea / Hooper Point in the east. It is one of two bays in the short length of coast at the top of the North Island (the other being Takapaukura / Tom Bowling Bay, further to the east).

Kapowairua, a locality at the eastern end of Spirits Bay, has a campsite managed by the Department of Conservation. A walking path of about 8.5 kilometres (5.3 miles) runs along the bay.
Diane Hoskins
Diane Hoskins is an American businessperson and architect who currently serves as global co-chair of Gensler, the world's largest architecture and design firm by revenue. She served as co-CEO of the global company with Andy Cohen from 2005 through the end of 2023. She is also on the board of directors for Boston Properties. Hoskins has been covered by The Washington Post Magazine, Fortune, Business Insider and other news sources as one of the most influential and powerful women in business.

BXP, Inc.
BXP, Inc. (formerly Boston Properties, Inc.) is a publicly traded real estate investment trust which invests in premier workplaces in Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. As of December 31, 2023, the company owned or had interests in 188 commercial real estate properties, aggregating approximately 53.3 million net rentable square feet.
Autodesk MotionBuilder
MotionBuilder is a 3D character animation software produced by Autodesk. It is used for virtual cinematography, motion capture, and traditional keyframe animation. It was originally named Filmbox when it was first created by Canadian company Kaydara, later acquired by Alias and renamed to MotionBuilder. Alias in turn was acquired by Autodesk.

It is primarily used in film, games, television production, as well as other multimedia projects.

At SIGGRAPH 2012, Autodesk announced a partnership with Weta Digital and Lightstorm Entertainment to develop the next generation of the technology.

Key frame
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with "inbetweens".
Probabilistic data association filter
The probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) is a statistical approach to the problem of plot association (target-measurement assignment) in a target tracking algorithm. Rather than choosing the most likely assignment of measurements to a target (or declaring the target not detected or a measurement to be a false alarm), the PDAF takes an expected value, which is the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate. The PDAF on its own does not confirm nor terminate tracks.

Whereas the PDAF is designed to track only one target in the presence of false alarms and missed detections, the Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter (JPDAF) can handle multiple targets. The first real-world application of the PDAF was probably in the Jindalee Operational Radar Network, which is an Australian over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) network.

Jindalee Operational Radar Network
The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network operated by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) that can monitor air and sea movements across 37,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi). It has a normal operating range of 1,000–3,000 kilometres (620–1,860 mi). The network is used in the defence of Australia, and can also monitor maritime operations, wave heights, and wind directions.

JORN's main ground stations comprise a control centre, known as the JORN Coordination Centre (JCC), at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia and three transmission stations: Radar 1 near Longreach, Queensland, Radar 2 near Laverton, Western Australia and Radar 3 near Alice Springs, Northern Territory.
Trichocladium
Trichocladium is a genus of fungi within the Chaetomiaceae family.

Trichocladium lignicola and other fungi genera (including Aniptodera salsuginosa) have been found in intertidal mangrove forests within Thailand.

Aniptodera
Aniptodera is a genus of fungi in the Halosphaeriaceae family. The genus contained nine species in 2008, by 2023 it had increased to 19 species.

Aniptodera salsuginosa and other fungi genera have been found in intertidal mangrove forests within Thailand.
Brett Abrahams
Brett Abrahams (born March 3, 1973) is an American geneticist and neuroscientist involved in the identification and subsequent functional characterization of the autism-related gene CNTNAP2 at UCLA. Abrahams is an assistant professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.

Publications in scientific journals including Cell, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, together with reviews in Nature Reviews Genetics  and the textbook Human Genetics: Problems & Approaches, have been cited by others over 2,000 times.

Work Abrahams has contributed to has made the Autism Speaks "Top Ten Research Advances" list in each of 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011.

Autism Speaks
Autism Speaks Inc. is an American non-profit autism awareness organization and the largest autism research organization in the United States. It sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public. It was founded in February 2005 by Bob Wright and his wife Suzanne, a year after their grandson Christian was diagnosed with autism. The same year as its founding, the organization merged with Autism Coalition for Research and Education. It then merged with the National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR) in 2006 and Cure Autism Now (CAN) in 2007.

Members of the autistic rights and neurodiversity movements do not see autism as a disease that needs to be cured, and have criticized Autism Speaks for seeking a cure. The word "cure" was dropped from its mission statement in 2016.
Goraya railway station
Goraya railway station a railway station on Ambala–Attari line under Firozpur railway division of Northern Railway zone. This is situated beside National Highway 44, Dilbag Colony at Goraya in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Caitlin Fang
Caitlin Fang (Chinese: 方郁婷; born May 17, 2006) is a Taiwanese actress. She won the Golden Horse Award for Best New Performer and the Taipei Film Award for Best New Talent for her role in the film American Girl (2021). In 2022, at age 16, Fang became the youngest actor to receive nominations for all three acting awards from Golden Horse Award; namely, Best Leading Actress, Best New Performer and Best Supporting Actress − with the former two for American Girl and the latter for The Post-Truth World (2022). She was also named as a SSR-level (Superior Super Rare) newcomer actress.

In June 2023, Caitlin Fang was selected, from over one hundred award-winning actors in the film and television industry of Taiwan, to be included in the Top Talents program; a collaboration between Taipei Film Festival and Taiwan Creative Content Agency (TAICCA) to promote Taiwanese talent to the world.

Taipei Film Awards
The Taipei Film Awards (Chinese: 台北電影獎; pinyin: Táiběi Diànyǐng Jiǎng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Tiān-iáⁿ-chióng) are given by the Taipei Film Festival to honor achievements in Taiwanese cinema. Winners are selected from Taiwanese films which are presented in the competition section at the festival.
Lorain County Joint Vocational School
Lorain County Joint Vocational School is a public vocational school in Oberlin, Ohio. LCJVS primarily serves 13 school districts located in Lorain County, with parts of Erie and Huron counties also covered.

Altogether the school's main campus has an enrollment of about 1,000 high school junior and seniors, while about 300 students study at satellite locations in their member districts.  The affiliated Adult Center also has 4,000 students annually.

Erie County, Ohio
Erie County is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,622. Its county seat and largest city is Sandusky. The county is named for the Erie tribe, whose name was their word for "wildcat". It was formed in 1838 from the northern third of Huron County and a portion of Sandusky County.

Erie County is included in the Sandusky, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Kaval
The kaval is a chromatic end-blown oblique flute traditionally played throughout the Balkans (in Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Southern Serbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Northern Greece, and elsewhere) and Anatolia (including Turkey and Armenia). The kaval is primarily associated with mountain shepherds.

Unlike the transverse flute, the kaval is fully open at both ends, and is played by blowing on the sharpened edge of one end.  The kaval has eight playing holes (seven in front and one in the back for the thumb) and usually four more unfingered intonation holes near the bottom of the kaval. As a wooden rim-blown flute, kaval is similar to the kawala of the Arab world and ney of the Middle East.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
Belarusian Arabic alphabet
The Belarusian Arabic alphabet or the Belarusian Arabica was based on the Perso-Arabic script and was developed in the 15th or 16th century. It consisted of 28 graphemes, including several additions to represent Belarusian phonemes not found in the Arabic language.

The Belarusian Arabic alphabet was used by the Lipka Tatars, who had been invited to settle in the eastern territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—a region that now comprises modern-day Belarus. During the 14th–16th centuries they gradually stopped using their own language and started using the Ruthenian language (modern Belarusian and Ukrainian) rendered in the Belarusian Arabic alphabet. Books of that literary tradition are known in Belarusian as Kitab (Belarusian: Кітаб), which is Arabic for 'book' or 'written material'.

Some Polish texts were also written in the Arabic script in the 17th century or later.

Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek's gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme (by analogy with phoneme and other emic units). The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of a grapheme is abstract; it is similar to the notion of a character in computing. (A specific geometric shape that represents any particular grapheme in a given typeface is called a glyph.) In orthographic and linguistic notation, a particular glyph (character) is represented as a grapheme (is used in its graphemic sense) by enclosing it within angle brackets: e.g. ⟨a⟩.
Lewis Jennings
Louis Jennings was an American gunsmith of 19th century who expanded upon the repeating rifle mechanism system of Walter Hunt, but did not get any prominence among the armed forces as he was accused of molesting children.

Walter Hunt (inventor)
Walter Hunt (July 29, 1796 – June 8, 1859) was an American mechanical engineer. Through the course of his work he became known for being a prolific inventor. He first became involved with mechanical innovations in a linseed producing community in New York state that had flax mills. While in New York City to promote his inventions he got involved in inventing the streetcar gong that was used throughout the United States. This then led him to invent other useful items like the safety pin and sewing machine. He invented the precursor to the repeating rifle and fountain pen. About two dozen of his inventions are used today in basically the same form as he had patented them. In spite of his many useful innovative creations he never became wealthy since he sold off most of his patent rights to others at low prices with no future royalties. Others made millions of dollars from his safety pin device.
Pseudobagrus brevianalis
Pseudobagrus brevianalis is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Taiwan. First collected from Sun Moon Lake (the type locality), it is found in central and northern Taiwan, west of the Central Mountain Range. Based on the lack of morphological and genetic differences, it has been proposed that Pseudobagrus taiwanensis is a junior synonym of Pseudobagrus brevianalis, but this has not been followed by online databases.

Pseudobagrus brevianalis grows to 20 cm (7.9 in). It has not been evaluated by IUCN but is classified as "vulnerable" in the 2012 Redlist of Fresh Water Fishes of Taiwan.

Bagridae
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (Bagrus) and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes.

Many large bagrids are important as a source of food. Some species are also kept as aquarium fishes.
Great Barford Castle
Great Barford Castle, later known as "Creakers Manor", was a Norman castle located in the village of Great Barford, in the county of Bedfordshire, England (grid reference TL10555305).

Great Barford Castle was a Motte and bailey castle, made of timber, and surrounded by a moat. It was so named due to its location, just north of the parish of Great Barford. It is located 1 mile south of Renhold Castle, leading to it sometimes being referred to as the "Second Renhold". The castle is also located near two other castles; Bedford Castle, which is 5 miles away, and Gannock Castle, which is 6 miles east of it.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Thomas Oliver Harding
Thomas Oliver Harding (5 January 1850 – 17 October 1896) was Senior Wrangler at Cambridge University in 1873.

Harding was the son of the Reverend Thomas Harding, a Wesleyan minister, of Whitehaven. He received his early education at Kingswood Wesleyan School near Bath, followed by studies at King's College, London, and then at Trinity College, Cambridge where he took the Mathematical Tripos. The College awarded him the senior mathematical minor scholarship, and elected him to a foundation scholarship in 1871. He was a first-class prizeman in 1870, 1871 and 1872, graduating as Senior Wrangler in 1873 and receiving his MA in 1876.

Harding was elected to the Cambridge Apostles in 1872, and as an undergraduate was a keen oarsman and swimmer. He was also elected President of the Cambridge Union. After graduation he became a schoolmaster at Marlborough College, and (according to one source) a barrister.

He died in 1896.

Kingswood School
Kingswood School is a private day and boarding school in Bath, Somerset, England. The school is coeducational and educates over 1,000 pupils aged 9 months to 18 years. It was founded by John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, in 1748, and is the world's oldest Methodist educational institution. The school was established to provide an education for the sons of colliers and Methodist ministers. It owns the Kingswood Preparatory School, the Upper and Middle Playing Fields and a number of other buildings.
Nicholas Balkema
Nicholas Balkema (7 April 1865 – 29 January 1954) was an American politician.

Balkema was of Dutch descent. He was born on 7 April 1865, in Gibbsville, Wisconsin, attended Sheboygan Falls High School, then moved to Newkirk, Iowa, in 1884. On 9 December 1886, he married a Newkirk native, Clara Van Rooyen, with whom he raised four daughters and three sons. He became a schoolteacher and later ran his own business as well as the post office. In 1894, Balkema moved to Sioux Center. He held local offices and executive positions for a time before pursuing statewide political office. These included service as a bank executive, school board member, and city councillor in Sioux Center. Between 1909 and 1921, Balkema represented District 49, which included Sioux County, in the Iowa Senate as a Republican. He died on 29 January 1954, aged 88.

Sioux Center, Iowa
Sioux Center is a city in Sioux County, Iowa. The population was 8,229 at the time of the 2020 census. Sioux Center is notable for its Dutch heritage, agribusiness, and as the location of Dordt University.
Constitution of Tasmania
The Constitution of Tasmania, also known as the Tasmanian Constitution, sets out the rules, customs and laws that provide for the structure of the Government of the Australian State of Tasmania. Like all state constitutions it consists of both unwritten and written elements which include:

the Constitution Act 1934 (Tas)

the Letters Patent of 2005 (which constitutes and outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Governor of Tasmania

other important constitutional statutes like the Supreme Court Act 1959 or the Electoral Act 2004

Constitutional conventions

Common law

any remaining applicable British legislation of a constitutional nature, like the Bill of Rights 1689

the Federal Constitution

the Australia Acts

The Constitution Act 1934 has been described as the worst of state constitutions by constitutional academic George Williams, most notably for its omission of key institutions such as the Supreme Court and the Governor and lack of effective entrenchments.

George Williams (lawyer)
George John Williams is the Vice-Chancellor and President of Western Sydney University.

He is an Australian academic specialising in Australian constitutional law and formerly held positions at the University of New South Wales including Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Planning and Assurance, Anthony Mason Professor of Law and Scientia Professor, Dean of the Law Faculty, and Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow.

Williams is a public commentator on public law issues, and writes a regular column in the Sydney Morning Herald.
Cryptocarya hypospodia
Cryptocarya hypospodia, commonly known as northern laurel, white walnut, rib fruited pepperberry or north queensland purple laurel, is species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is native to northern Australia and New Guinea. It is a tree with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves, pale brown and creamy-green flowers, and spherical black drupes.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Jujubinus rubioi
Jujubinus rubioi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Cape Verde Islands, and the height of the shell attains 6 mm.

Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.
Evian Resort Golf Club
Evian Resort Golf Club is a golf course  in southeastern France, located in Évian-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie. Overlooking Lake Geneva, it hosts The Evian Championship, formerly known as the "Evian Masters," annually in July. From 2013 to 2018, The Evian Championship was the LPGA Tour's fifth and final major championship. It is currently the fourth major of the year.

The standard 18-hole course is par 71 at 6,693 yards (6,120 m). The entire course, with a particular focus on the tees, fairways, greens, and bunkers, underwent a $8 million renovation in 2012–13, designed by architect Steve Smyers and European Golf Design.  The course has received criticism for fundamental design flaws, presenting players with "too many bad breaks with good shots" according to Lexi Thompson, and causing Stacy Lewis to boycott the course for two years. 
The average elevation of the course is approximately 480 metres (1,575 ft) above sea level.

2013 LPGA Tour
The 2013 LPGA Tour was a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. The Tour began in Australia on February 14 and ended on November 24 in Florida. The tournaments were sanctioned by the United States–based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA).

Inbee Park of South Korea won the most tournaments, six, including three majors. She also led the money list for the second straight year and won the Rolex Player of the Year award. Stacy Lewis won the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average, the first American to win since 1994. Three players, Lewis, Park, and Suzann Pettersen had scoring averages below 70, for the first time in LPGA Tour history. Moriya Jutanugarn of Thailand won the Rookie of the Year award.