hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relative energy deficiency in sport
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a syndrome in which disordered eating (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea (in women), and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present. It is caused by eating too little food to support the amount of energy being expended by an athlete, often at the urging of a coach or other authority figure who believes that athletes are more likely to win competitions when they have an extremely lean body type. RED-S is a serious illness with lifelong health consequences and can potentially be fatal.

RED-S is the broader, more comprehensive name for what was formerly known as the female athlete triad (or simply the triad), which was a condition seen in females participating in sports that emphasize leanness or low body weight. As the non-menstrual components are also seen in males, the name was changed to the comprehensive term RED-S.

Disordered eating
Disordered eating describes a variety of abnormal eating behaviors that, by themselves, do not warrant diagnosis of an eating disorder.

Disordered eating includes behaviors that are common features of eating disorders, such as:

Chronic restrained eating.

Compulsive eating.

Binge eating, with associated loss of control.

Self-induced vomiting.

Disordered eating also includes behaviors that are not characteristic of a specific eating disorder, such as:

Irregular, chaotic eating patterns.

Ignoring physical feelings of hunger and satiety (fullness).

Use of diet pills.

Emotional eating.

Night eating.

Secretive food concocting: the consumption of embarrassing food combinations, such as mashed potatoes mixed with sandwich cookies. See also Food craving § Pregnancy and Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder § Symptoms and behaviors.
Kate Horan
Katherine Horan MNZM (born 9 June 1975) is a New Zealand paralympics runner and cyclist.

Horan secured a silver medal for the Women's 200m at the 2008 Summer Paralympics for her country after two runners ahead of her tripped.

In 2012, she switched from athletics to cycling. She was selected to compete in cycling at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

She was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2017 New Year Honours, for services to Paralympic sport.

In March 2018, she won the silver medal in the 500m time trial (C4) event at the UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Rio de Janeiro.

In March 2019, she won the bronze medal in the 500m time trial (C4) event at the UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Apeldoorn.

2017 New Year Honours
The 2017 New Year Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours were awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January and were announced on 30 December 2016.

The honours list reflected the United Kingdom's success at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, with sports stars dominating the list.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades (i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander, etc.), and then by divisions (i.e. Civil, Diplomatic, and Military, as appropriate).
Kerrang! Radio
Kerrang! Radio is a British specialist rock music radio station related to Kerrang! magazine, broadcast nationally on DAB and online. Launched in 2002, it is owned and operated by Bauer Media and forms part of the Kerrang! Network, which also includes the heavy metal-focused Kerrang! Rock Unleashed and classic rock-focused Klassic Kerrang! Radio.

As of March 2025, the station has a weekly audience of 445,000 listeners according to RAJAR.

RAJAR
Radio Joint Audience Research Limited (RAJAR; /ˈreɪdʒɑːr/) was established in 1992 to operate a single audience measurement system for the radio industry in the United Kingdom. RAJAR is jointly owned by the BBC and Radiocentre. RAJAR's predecessor was called Joint Industry Committee on Radio Audience Research (JICRAR; /ˈdʒɪkrɑːr/). Prior to this, the BBC and Radiocentre's predecessor CRCA carried out their own measurements independently of each other.
Doc Shebeleza
Victor Bogopane (d. 9 January 2025), also known as Doc Shebeleza, was a South African kwaito artist. His compositions such as "Ingagara" ,"S'kumfete," "Ebumnandini," and "Ghets Ghetsa" made him a popular kwaito artist in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Kwaito
Kwaito is a music genre that emerged in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, between the late 1980s and 1990s. It is a sound that features the use of South African sounds and samples. Kwaito songs occur at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music and often contain catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines and vocals. They are also very similar tempos to early 1990s NYC house tracks.
Anau culture
The Anau culture was an ancient agricultural civilization of Central Asia centred in southern Turkmenistan. It started during the Chalcolithic period around 4000 BC, following the Neolithic Jeitun culture. It is named after its main site of Anau, Turkmenistan.

The Namazga culture was contemporary to the Anau culture.

Pottery similar to that of Anau (the earliest Anau IA phase) has been found as far as Shir Ashian Tepe in the Semnan Province of Iran.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Horatio Powell
Horatio Nelson Powell (1806–1869) was an English jockey who won the 1841 Grand National on Charity.
Powell rode in 10 Grand Nationals between 1839 and 1849.He moved to Australia, where he was admitted as a solicitor by the Supreme Court of Victoria in July 1861.

Powell died on 29 November 1869 in Echuca, Victoria, in Australia, following a buggy accident.

1841 Grand National
The 1841 Grand Liverpool Steeplechase was the third official annual running of a steeplechase, later to become known as the Grand National Steeplechase handicap horse race which took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool on 3 March 1841 and attracted a then smallest ever field of 11 runners.

Although recorded by the press at the time as the sixth running of the Grand Liverpool, which was renamed the Grand National in 1847, the first three runnings were poorly organised affairs.

The race was not run as a handicap chase and therefore all the runners were declared to carry 12 stone with the exception of the winner of the 1840 Cheltenham Steeplechase who had to carry 13 stone 4 lbs.
Oleg Shirinbekov
Oleg Khakimbekovich Shirinbekov (Russian: Олег Хакимбекович Ширинбеков; born 11 September 1963) is a Tajikistani football coach and a former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made three appearances for the USSR national team and one Tajikistan national team.

Tajikistan national football team
The Tajikistan national football team represents Tajikistan in international football and is controlled by the Tajikistan Football Federation, the governing body for football in Tajikistan. Tajikistan's homeground is the Markazii Jumhuriyavii Stadium in Dushanbe.
Billiatt, South Australia
Billiatt is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the south-east of the state in the Murray Mallee region about 168 kilometres (104 miles) north-east of the state capital of Adelaide.

Its boundaries were created on 28 September 2000 for the "long established local name".  Its name is derived from the Billiatt Conservation Park and the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Billiatt.

The principal land use within the locality is conservation with the majority of its land area being occupied by the Billiatt Wilderness Protection Area.

Billiatt is located within the federal Division of Barker and the state electoral district of Chaffey and the local government area of the District Council of Loxton Waikerie.

Division of Barker
The Division of Barker is an Australian electoral division in the south-east of South Australia. The division was established on 2 October 1903, when South Australia's original single multi-member division was split into seven single-member divisions.  It is named for Captain Collet Barker, a British military officer and early explorer, prior to the British Settlement of South Australia, of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and the region at the mouth of the Murray River near the Coorong where he died in 1831 whilst on active duty after successfully solo swimming the channel of water and went compass in hand over a sandhill.
Jeremy Farrar
Sir Jeremy James Farrar (born 1 September 1961) is a British medical researcher who has served as Chief Scientist at the World Health Organization since 2023. He was previously the director of The Wellcome Trust from 2013 to 2023 and a professor of tropical medicine at the University of Oxford.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Rosemary Francis
Rosemary Francis FREng is a British engineer and technologist. She is best known for her work in the field of supercomputers and is CTO at CommonAI Compute, a cloud computing startup founded by Sir Andy Hopper. Francis obtained her PhD in computer architecture, while studying at the University of Cambridge. Following her education, Francis co-founded Ellexus to build tools for managing complex tools chains required during the design of semiconductors. In 2020, the startup she founded was acquired by US-based Altair Engineering for an undisclosed sum. Following the acquisition, Francis became Chief Scientist at the tech engineering firm.

She is a member of Raspberry Pi Foundation, and became a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow in 2023.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
KaladKaren
Jervi Wrightson (born Jervi Ryan Lisaba; August 9, 1992), also known as Jervi Li and better known by her stage name KaladKaren, is a Filipino award-winning actress, TV host, writer, endorser, impersonator, LGBTQ rights advocate, television personality and radio host most known for her queer representation in the mainstream media of the Philippines. She is a trailblazer in the Philippine LGBTQIA+ community; becoming the first transgender woman news anchor in the country and the first transgender woman to win 'Best Supporting Actress' at the Summer Metro Manila Film Festival.

Summer Metro Manila Film Festival
The Summer Metro Manila Film Festival (Summer MMFF) is a film festival intended to be held annually in Metro Manila, Philippines. The event is a spin-off of the Metro Manila Film Festival which is officially held every December. Like its sister festival, it excludes foreign films and only shows shortlisted entries in digital theaters except IMAX and 4D theaters.

It was originally slated to take place in 2020, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced to halt the event as a result of closure of the theaters having to shut for over 20 months. The first edition was held in April 2023.
Annie Jump Cannon
Annie Jump Cannon (/ˈkænən/; December 11, 1863 – April 13, 1941) was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of the Harvard Classification Scheme, which was the first serious attempt to organize and classify stars based on their temperatures and spectral types. She was nearly deaf throughout her career after 1893, as a result of scarlet fever. She was a suffragist and a member of the National Women's Party.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Cologne High Military and Escort Road
The Cologne High Military and Escort Road (German: Cölnische Hohe Heer- und Geleitstraße, also called the Hohe Straße) is a historical trading route that ran from the city of Cologne via the imperial cities of  Wetzlar and Friedberg to Frankfurt within the Holy Roman Empire.

This historic road ran along the eastern edge of the Westerwald mountains via Greifenstein and crossed the River Lahn in Wetzlar. In addition to its function as a trading road, this highway was used as a pilgrims' way from Cologne to Marburg. The so-called Elizabeth Path (Elisabethpfad) had the grave of Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia in Marburg as its destination. This historical pilgrimage route was waymarked as the Way of St. James in 2007. The section of the old road between Butzbach and Wetzlar is recorded in 1315 and 1349 in deeds no. 441 and 758 at Arnsburg Abbey.

Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

An imperial city held the status of imperial immediacy, and was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt), which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot), or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).
Vipin Narang
Vipin Narang is an American political scientist who served as the Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy until August 2024, a portfolio that includes space and missile defense policy as well as nuclear deterrence and countering weapons of mass destruction policy. He is a Professor of Political Science at MIT. He is known for his research on nuclear weapons, conflict and proliferation. His research has shown that there are different nuclear weapons postures. These postures have implications for the likelihood of conflict between nuclear states, as well as bargaining outcomes in disputes.

He has a BS and MS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, as well as a M.Phil in International Relations from University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar and a PhD. from Harvard University. He was born in the San Francisco Bay Area to parents of Indian descent.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy
The assistant secretary of defense for space policy (ASD(SP)) is a position in the United States Department of Defense responsible for the overall supervision of DoD policy for space warfighting. The officeholder reports to the under secretary of defense for policy.
Dietrich-Bowen House
Dietrich-Bowen House, also known as Governor Bowen House, is a historic home located in Bremen, Indiana.  It was built in 1900, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Queen Anne style brick dwelling.  It rests on a fieldstone foundation and has a truncated hipped roof with a gable dormer.  The house features corner turrets with conical roofs and a large verandah with a roof supported by iron grillwork.  It was the residence of Governor Otis R. Bowen from 1953 to 1973.: 2–3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.
48-bit computing
In computer architecture, 48-bit integers can represent 281,474,976,710,656 (248 or 2.814749767×1014) discrete values. This allows an unsigned binary integer range of 0 through 281,474,976,710,655 (248 − 1) or a signed two's complement range of −140,737,488,355,328 (−247) through 140,737,488,355,327 (247 − 1). A 48-bit memory address can directly address every byte of 256 terabytes of storage. 48-bit can refer to any other data unit that consumes 48 bits (6 octets) in width.  Examples include 48-bit CPU and ALU architectures that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

Octet (computing)
The octet is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that consists of eight bits. The term is often used when the term byte might be ambiguous, as the term byte has historically been used for storage units of a variety of sizes.

The term octad(e) for eight bits is no longer common.
Smith Red Valencia
Smith Red Valencia is a pigmented bud sport of a conventional Valencia orange tree.

An initial scientific report stated:

The rind frequently carries a heavy red blush and the flesh is heavily pigmented by anthocyanin. The fruit shape is somewhat variable at present, globose to ovoid with a depressed base, possibly due to the juvenility of the subject trees. Although the fruit is mature in late winter, it holds well into late spring, well past the season for conventional blood oranges.

Although red inside, the Smith Red is a Valencia and not a blood orange. Researchers were made aware of it in 1988 when a woman named Merleen Smith in Ventura County, California contacted a local farm advisor on the suspicion that her neighbor was poisoning her tree; the cultivar now bears her name.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Pinel Point
Pinel Point (64°21′S 62°12′W﻿ / ﻿64.350°S 62.200°W﻿ / -64.350; -62.200) is a point lying 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of D'Ursel Point on the east side of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. First roughly charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos in 1959. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), French physician who held advanced views on investigation of disease and first succeeded in abolishing severe physical restraints on mental cases, in 1796.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pinel Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Cosmo (parrot)
Cosmo (born 2002/2003) is a grey parrot who by the age of six had learned more than 200 words. She resides with Betty Jean Craige, University Professor Emerita of comparative literature and Director Emerita of the Willson Center for Humanities and Arts at the University of Georgia.

Cosmo is the subject of Betty Jean Craige's book called Conversations with Cosmo, for which animal cognition researcher Irene Pepperberg wrote the preface. Cosmo was the subject of a research study by Erin Colbert-White showing the "first demonstration" of an animal using a variety of speech and nonword sounds in a "deliberate, contextually relevant fashion" that goes beyond vocal imitation and approaches functional use.

Animal cognition
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology;  the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition.

Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).
Piet Hein Hoebens
Piet Hein Hoebens (29 September 1948, Utrecht – 22 October 1984) was a Dutch journalist, skeptic, and critic of parapsychology.

Hoebens is most well known for debunking the claims of psychic detectives. He worked as a Dutch journalist and investigated claims of paranormal phenomena. He was a staff member for the newspaper De Telegraaf for 13 years and a member of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

He was an associate of Marcello Truzzi and contributed to the Zetetic Scholar regarding the claims of psychics such as Peter Hurkos and Gerard Croiset which he found to be bogus.

Hoebens killed himself in October 1984.

De Telegraaf
De Telegraaf (Dutch pronunciation: [də teːləˈɣraːf]; English: The Telegraph) is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper. Paul Jansen has been the editor-in-chief since August 2015. De Telegraaf is based in Amsterdam and is owned by the Belgian company Mediahuis.