hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NASA standard detonator
The NASA Standard Detonator (NSD) is a device used by NASA for applications where a charge must be detonated, usually in conjunction with frangible nuts as a release mechanism. NSDs have been used since the Gemini program, and were used for the Space Shuttle program, including the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) separation from the External Tank, as well as the SRB Range Safety System. Chemring (formerly Hi-Shear) is the primary provider for the NSDs which were used on the Space Shuttle.

Space Shuttle external tank
The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) was the component of the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that contained the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer. During lift-off and ascent it supplied the fuel and oxidizer under pressure to the three RS-25 main engines in the orbiter. The ET was jettisoned just over 10 seconds after main engine cut-off (MECO) and it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the Solid Rocket Boosters, external tanks were not re-used. They broke up before impact in the Indian Ocean (or Pacific Ocean in the case of direct-insertion launch trajectories), away from shipping lanes and were not recovered.
Presbyterian Church in the Gambia
The Presbyterian Church in the Gambia is a Reformed Presbyterian Christian denomination in The Gambia. Its origins are connected to local missionary efforts begun in the early 2010s through indigenous Gambian pastors

Presbyterian Church in America
The Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) is the second-largest Presbyterian church body, behind only the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the largest conservative Calvinist denomination in the United States. The PCA is Reformed in theology and presbyterian in government.
Baner-Pashan Biodiversity Park
The Baner-Pashan Biodiversity Park is a proposed 200 hectare protected region currently under development in the Baner and Pashan suburbs of Pune, India by the Pune Municipal Corporation. The park is being constructed to protect the biodiversity near and around the Baner Hill and its spur, the Pashan Hill.

Pune Municipal Corporation
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is the civic body that governs the city of Pune, situated in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Established on 15 February 1950, the executive power of the PMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The position is held by Naval Kishor Ram, IAS. Manjusha Nagpure from BJP was elected as the 
mayor and Parshuram Wadekar from  RPI(A) as the deputy mayor in February 2026.
Robert Bermingham Clements, Viscount Clements
Robert Bermingham Clements, Viscount Clements (May 1805 – 24 January 1839) was an Irish politician.

The son of the Earl of Leitrim, Clements grew up at Lough Rynn, County Leitrim.  He served as a captain in the Prince of Wales's Militia, based in County Donegal.  At the 1826 UK general election, he stood as a Whig in Leitrim.  He won the seat, and held it in 1830, but lost it at the 1831 UK general election.  At the 1832 UK general election, he won it back, and held it in 1835 and 1837, serving until his death in 1839.  He was succeeded both as Viscount Clements and in Parliament by his younger brother.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
M. P. Jayaraj
Mysore Puttaswamaiah Jayaraj, known as M. P. Jayaraj (1944/1946–1989) was an Indian mafia gangster who operated in Bangalore during the 1970s and 1980s. He was a hobbyist wrestler from his childhood who seriously practiced at Annayappa Garadi in Thigalrapete. He was brought into forefront of Bangalore underworld by M. D. Nataraj, the then son-in-law of the Chief Minister of Karnataka Devaraj Urs.

Organised crime in India
There is no firm data to indicate the number of organised criminal gangs operating in India, their membership, their modus operandi, and the areas of their operations. Their structure and leadership patterns may not strictly fall in line with the classical Sicilian Mafia.

Indian organized crime is also prevalent outside of India, mainly in western countries such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In Canada Indian organized crime groups have been involved in extortion, targeted violence and terrorism. The ongoing diplomatic row between Canada and India is in relation to this. Unrelated to the established crime groups in India, are there also crime groups of Indian-origin engaging in criminal activities such as drugtrafficking, extortion, smuggling and money laundering in Canada and the United Kingdom.
William Henry (brother of Patrick Henry)
William Henry (1734–1785) was the son of John and Sarah Winston Syme Henry.  William Henry lived in Virginia and served in the House of Burgesses. He was elected to the Assembly as a member from Fluvanna County.

He was the older brother of Founding Father Patrick Henry, who is known for his famous "Give me Liberty or give me Death!" speech.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
José and Francisco Díaz
José "Pepe" Díaz (1776 – April 30, 1797) and Francisco Díaz (1777 – ?) were two cousins who served as Sergeants in the Toa Alta Militia. Both cousins helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico during an invasion in 1797.

Ralph Abercromby
Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby, KB (7 October 1734 – 28 March 1801) was a British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Trinidad in 1797. Rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the British army, he was commander-in-chief, Ireland, and was noted for his military service during the French Revolutionary Wars, which included defeating the French invasion of Egypt and Syria.
Stig Ove Sandnes
Stig-Ove Sandnes (born 25 January 1970) is a Norwegian sports official.

He is from Åndalsnes, and was hired in Football Association of Norway in 1995. This is the largest sports federation in Norway. From 2008 to 2009 he was the assisting secretary-general. In early 2010 he was hired as managing director in top-tier football club Tromsø IL.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents
Aerolíneas Argentinas was established by the Argentine government in May 1949 (1949-05).  Shortly after the carrier started revenue flights in December 1950 (1950-12) it experienced its first deadly accident, when a Douglas C-47A crashed en route to Buenos Aires from Mar del Plata, killing 17 of the 18 occupants.

Following is a list of accidents and incidents experienced by Aerolíneas Argentinas. According to the Aviation Safety Network, as of July 2011 there have been 12 deadly accidents, totalling 335 fatalities. The deadliest accident occurred in 1961, with a death toll of 67. The latest accident involving fatalities took place in 1970. The company ranks among the safest airlines in the world.

Aerolíneas Argentinas has written off 28 aircraft; nine Douglas C-47As, four Avro 748s, three Comet 4s, two Boeing 737s, two Douglas DC-6s, two Convair CV-240s, two Fokker F-28s, one Boeing 707, one Douglas DC-4, one Douglas C-54, and one McDonnell Douglas MD-88.

Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city of the Atlantic Coast, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata"  is short for "Mar del Río de la Plata," and means "sea of the Río de la Plata basin" or "adjoining sea to the (River) Plate region." Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina.
With a population of 682,605 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], it is the 5th largest city in Argentina.
2007 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2007 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 28 July 2007. It was the 57th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Susan Magnier and Michael Tabor's Dylan Thomas, a four-year-old bay colt trained at Ballydoyle in Ireland by Aidan O'Brien and ridden by Johnny Murtagh. Dylan Thomas's victory was the second in the race for his trainer, jockey and owners. In addition, Michael Tabor had won the race independently with Montjeu (2000) and Hurricane Run (2006).

Johnny Murtagh
Johnny Murtagh (born 14 May 1970) is an Irish flat racing trainer and former jockey from Bohermeen, near Navan, Kells, County Meath.  As a jockey he won many of the major flat races in Europe, including all the Irish Classics, all the Group 1 races at Royal Ascot, The Derby, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Diamond Stakes and Europe's biggest flat race, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He was also a five-time Irish flat racing Champion Jockey. As a trainer, based at stables near Kildare, he has saddled a winner at Royal Ascot and an Irish Classic winner.
2012 Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship
The 2012 Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship was held on 1 November and 10 November 2012. The first leg will be played at Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, with the second leg taken place at Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium, Shanghai.
Current defending champions of Hong Kong First Division League Kitchee was selected to represent Hong Kong while Chinese League One champions Shanghai Tellace represents Shanghai.

Kitchee suffered a 4–0 defeat at home and they failed to make a win in Shanghai as they lost 2–3. Shanghai Tellace is the champions of 2012 Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship.

Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium
The Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium (simplified Chinese: 源深体育中心体育场; traditional Chinese: 源深體育中心體育場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shanghai. It is currently used mostly for association football matches. The stadium has a maximum seating capacity for 16,000 spectators.

Apart from the stadium there is a 5,000 seater Yuanshen Gymnasium which hosted Shanghai Sharks until 2021 and swimming pool.
Audrey Langworthy
Audrey Langworthy (born April 1, 1934) is an American politician who served in the Kansas Senate from the 7th district from 1985 to 2001.

Langworthy attended the University of Kansas. Before her time in the Kansas Senate, Langworthy was elected as a city council member. In the Senate, Langworthy defeated and replaced longtime Kansas Senator Norman Gaar, who had been in the chamber since 1965. She self-identified as a moderate Republican, and unlike more conservative members of her party she took a pro-choice stance on abortion, which was a hotly contested issue in Kansas during her time in the Senate. She declined to run for re-election in 2000.

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
Hobson's Pledge
Hobson's Pledge is a lobby group in New Zealand that was formed in late September 2016 to oppose affirmative action for Māori people. It is led by conservative politician Don Brash. The group aims to redefine the position of Māori in New Zealand. This would include removing the Māori electorates, abolishing the Waitangi Tribunal, restricting tribal powers and "remove all references in law and in Government policy to Treaty 'partnership' and 'principles'".

New Zealand Taxpayers' Union
The New Zealand Taxpayers' Union is a taxpayer pressure group founded in 2013 to scrutinise government spending, publicise government waste, and promote an efficient tax system. The Union was founded among conservative figures, 
and is often regarded as a right-wing pressure group.
Assanté
Assanté is a town and arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Glazoué. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7,628.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
The Black Hole War
The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics  is a 2008 popular science book by American theoretical physicist Leonard Susskind. The book covers the black hole information paradox, and the related scientific dispute between Stephen Hawking and Susskind. Susskind is known for his work on string theory and wrote a previous popular science book, The Cosmic Landscape, in 2005.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Desislava Stoyanova
Desislava Stoyanova (Bulgarian: Десислава Стоянова); born 10 April 1992) is a retired Bulgarian biathlete. She was born in Berkovitsa. She competed at six Biathlon World Championships between 2011 and 2017, and at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics. Her best individual result in the Biathlon World Cup is a 22nd place in the sprint. Her best individual result at the World Championships is 38th in the sprint at the Biathlon World Championships 2015. Her best Olympic individual result is the 61st place in the sprint at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She is engaged to fellow biathlete Dimitar Gerdzhikov from whom she has one child.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
The Soul of a Man (album)
The Soul of a Man is an album of "twenty haunting spiritual blues songs" recorded in the late 1920s and 1930 by the American gospel blues singer and guitarist Blind Willie Johnson that was released by Charly Records in 2003.

All of the songs have religious themes and are notable for Johnson’s distinctive combination of a raw and powerful vocal style with a fluid and melodic slide guitar technique. Their influence can be heard in the music of Taj Mahal, Led Zeppelin and Ry Cooder. The 2003 Wim Wenders documentary film The Soul of a Man is a tribute to Johnson.

The songs were recorded for Columbia Records in Dallas, Texas, in December 1927 and December 1928, in New Orleans in December 1929 and in Atlanta, Georgia, in April 1930. Johnson ceased recording in 1930 and became a Baptist preacher. He died of malarial fever in Beaumont, Texas, in 1945, aged 48, after being forced to sleep outdoors when his home burned down.

You'll Need Somebody on Your Bond
"You'll Need Somebody on Your Bond" (later titled "You're Gonna Need Somebody on Your Bond") is a gospel song that is attributed to both tradition and to gospel blues musician Blind Willie Johnson.  Johnson first recorded the song in December 1930, although Delta blues musician Charley Patton recorded a similar "You're Gonna Need Somebody When You Die" in October 1929.  Over the years, several other musicians have recorded renditions of the song.
2013 Ningbo International Women's Tennis Open – Doubles
Shuko Aoyama and Chang Kai-chen were the defending champions, having won the 2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's doubles, but both players chose not to participate.

Chan Yung-jan and Zhang Shuai won the title, defeating Irina Buryachok and Oksana Kalashnikova in the final, 6–2, 6–1.

Oksana Kalashnikova
Oksana Kalashnikova (Georgian: ოქსანა კალაშნიკოვა, romanized: oksana k'alashnik'ova, pronounced [okʰsana kʼalaʃnikʼova]; born 5 September 1990) is a Georgian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has a career-high doubles ranking by the WTA of world No. 42, achieved on 11 September 2023. She also reached a best singles ranking of No. 156 on 7 June 2010, before suffering a lower back injury that led her to focus primarily on doubles.

Kalashnikova has won seven WTA Tour doubles titles and four doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as five singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for Georgia Billie Jean King Cup team since 2007, Kalashnikova has a win–loss record of 29–17 (as of July 2025).
Tao Nørager
Tao Nørager (born 18 April 1974) is a Danish Film director specializing in documentaries.

Nørager grew up in the Danish town Virum with his mother, a free lance creative director and graphics designer for the  advertising industry, and his father CASPER, a record producer for Polydor Records.  At a young age he became friends with Jurij Moskvitin.

During his early years Nørager quickly grew a fondness for the graffiti drawing style and participated in the graffiti subculture of Copenhagen during the  80's.  The original 80's  subcultural style is still present in most of Nørager's works.

After graduating from the Danish Advertisingschool, Nørager continued  onto The Short & Documentary Filmschool where he graduated in 2005 with the short film De Personlige.

Virum
Virum is a mostly residential, suburban neighbourhood in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, located on both sides of Lyngby Kongevej, approximately 15 km north of central Copenhagen, Denmark. The neighbourhood is bordered by Lake Furesø to the west, Holte in Rudersdal Municipality to the north, Brede to the east and Kongens Lyngby and Sorgenfri to the south.
Gen Tomii
Gen Tomii (富井 彦, Tomii Gen, born May 30, 1973) is a Japanese nordic combined skier who competed from 1998 to 2004.  Competing in two Winter Olympics, he had his best overall finish of fifth in the 4 x 5 km team event at Nagano in 1998 and his best individual finish of 33rd in the 15 km individual event at Salt Lake City in 2002.

Tomii's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 27th in the 7.5 km sprint event at Ramsau in 1999.  His best World Cup finish was fifth in a 7.5 km sprint event in Finland in 1998.

Tomii's best individual career finish was third on five occasions in World Cup B events from 1998 to 2003.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
2018 Fuzion 100 Surbiton Trophy – Men's doubles
Marcus Daniell and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi were the defending champions but only Qureshi chose to defend his title, partnering Divij Sharan. Qureshi lost in the quarterfinals to Alex Bolt and Lleyton Hewitt.

Luke Bambridge and Jonny O'Mara won the title after defeating Ken and Neal Skupski 7–6(13–11), 4–6, [10–7] in the final.

Marcus Daniell
Marcus Daniell (born 9 November 1989) is a New Zealand former professional tennis player. He reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 34 on 29 January 2018 after reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. He won a bronze medal in the men's doubles at the 2020 Summer Olympics, alongside Michael Venus.

Daniell is a philanthropist and an advocate for effective altruism through his work as the founder of High Impact Athletes and as a member of Giving What We Can.
Penruddock (surname)
Penruddock is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Penruddock (by 1527–1581), Member of Parliament for Salisbury, Wiltshire and Pembroke

John Penruddock (bef.1542-1601), Member of Parliament for Wilton and Southampton

John Penruddock (1619–1655), Cavalier, leader of the Penruddock uprising in 1655

Robert Penruddock, Member of Parliament for Cumberland

Thomas Penruddock (c.1578-1637), Member of Parliament for Downton and Cumberland

George Penruddock
Sir George Penruddock (by 1527 – 8 July 1581) was an English politician.

He was a younger son of Edward Penruddock of Arkleby, Cumberland and entered the service of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Salisbury in March 1553, Wiltshire in 1558 and 1572, and Downton in 1571.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1562–63 and High Sheriff of Hertfordshire for 1567–68. By 1565 he was an Esquire of the Body. He was knighted at Hatfield in 1568 by Robert, Earl of Leicester.

He married twice: first Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of William Apryce of Faulstone, Wiltshire, with whom he had 2 sons, and secondly Anne, the daughter of Thomas Goodere of Monken Hadley, Hertfordshire and widow of John Cock of London and Broxbourne.