hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roof shingle
A roof’s shingles are a  roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements. These elements are typically flat, rectangular shapes laid in courses from the bottom edge of the roof up, with each successive course overlapping the joints below. Shingles are held by the roof rafters and are made of various materials such as wood, slate, flagstone, metal, plastic, and composite materials such as fibre cement and asphalt shingles. Ceramic roof tiles, which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia, are still usually called tiles.  Roof shingles  may deteriorate faster and need to repel more water than wall shingles. They are a very common roofing material in the United States.

Architectural metals
Metals used for architectural purposes include lead, for water pipes, roofing, and windows; tin, formed into tinplate; zinc, copper and aluminium, in a range of applications including roofing and decoration; and iron, which has structural and other uses in the form of cast iron or wrought iron, or made into steel. Metal alloys used in building include bronze (mainly copper and tin); brass (copper and zinc); monel metal and nickel silver, mainly consisting of nickel and copper; and stainless steel, with important components of nickel and chromium.
2023 Miami Grand Prix
The 2023 Miami Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2023) was a Formula One motor race held on May 7, 2023, at the Miami International Autodrome in Miami Gardens, Florida. It was the fifth round of the 2023 Formula One World Championship.

Despite Sergio Pérez taking pole position, the race was won by his Red Bull Racing teammate Max Verstappen from ninth, ahead of Pérez and Fernando Alonso.

UTC−04:00
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.

It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., in Canada and the United States) during daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time.

It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
USS Manila Bay
USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy.

She was laid down as Bucareli Bay (ACV-61) under Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Company, Inc., Vancouver, Washington on 15 January 1943; renamed Manila Bay on 3 April 1943; launched on 10 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Robert W. Bockius; reclassified CVE-61 on 15 July 1943; acquired by the Navy on 5 October 1943; and commissioned the same day at Astoria, Oregon, Captain Boynton L. Braun in command.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Speech Under the Flag
The Speech Under the Flag (Chinese: 国旗下讲话; pinyin: Guóqí xià jiǎnghuà) is a common part of the flag-raising ceremony in kindergartens, primary schools and middle schools in the People's Republic of China since the 1990s. The speech is given by teachers, model workers, advanced figures and outstanding students in front of their classmates. It is part of the patriotic education in China. It aims to strengthen the sense of mission and responsibility of kindergarten students and above to "love the motherland". The flag-raising speech is a regulation made by the Ministry of Education in accordance with the 1990 Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Flag. It is widely implemented in schools in mainland China, and academic papers have been studying it since 1996.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Daf-1
The DAF-1 gene encodes for a cell surface Enzyme-linked receptor of TGF-beta signaling pathway in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.  DAF-1 is one of the type I receptor of TGF-beta pathway. DAF-1 acts as a receptor protein serine/threonine kinase, is activated by type II receptor Daf-4 phosphorylation after the ligand Daf-7 binds to the receptor heterotetramer, and then phosphorylates Daf-8 or Daf-14, the SMAD proteins in C. elegans.

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinases (EC 2.7.11.30) are enzyme-linked receptors that belong to protein-serine/threonine kinases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[receptor-protein] phosphotransferase. Proteins from this group participate in numerous biological pathways, processes and diseases including MAPK signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, TGF beta signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Receptor serine/threonine kinases directly phosphorylate specific serines or threonines on themselves and on other regulatory proteins.
1,4-Dicyanobenzene
1,4-Dicyanobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CN)2.  Two other isomers exist, phthalonitrile and isophthalonitrile.  All three isomers are produced commercially by ammoxidation of the corresponding xylene isomers.  1,4-Dicyanobenzene is a colorless or white solid with low solubility in water. Hydrogenation of isophthalonitrile affords p-xylylenediamine.

1,4-dicyanobenzene is electrochemically active, forming a stable persistent radical at anodes.  For this reason, it has been used as a catalyst for automated reaction discovery, testing whether other species are redox active.

Ammoxidation
In organic chemistry, ammoxidation is a process for the production of nitriles (R−C≡N) using ammonia (NH3) and oxygen (O2). It is sometimes called the SOHIO process, acknowledging that ammoxidation was developed at Standard Oil of Ohio. The usual substrates are alkenes. Several million tons of acrylonitrile are produced in this way annually:
Shakuntala Express
The Shakuntala Express was a passenger train that ran between Yavatmal and Achalpur, in the state of Maharashtra in India. Originally called Yavatmal–Murtizapur Junction–Achalpur Express, it was renamed after Shakuntala Deshmukh née Jadhav, who was wife of freedom fighter Balwantrao Deshmukh.

In 2016, Indian Railways announced that the Shakuntala Express would be cancelled due to the track conversion to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge. The express service was actually stopped in 2020, and the conversion of tracks to broad-gauge started in same year.

Yavatmal
Yavatmal (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and municipal council in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarters of Yavatmal District. Yavatmal is around 90 km away from divisional headquarters Amravati while it is 670 km (420 mi) away from the state capital Mumbai and 150 km south west of Nagpur.
Pandemis dumetana
Pandemis dumetana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Hubei, Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan), South Korea, Japan, Russia, northern India, almost all of Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, southern Siberia and Transcaucasia. The habitat consists of woodlands, fruit farms, orchards and gardens.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm for males and 19–22 mm for females. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Cerylus heterophyllus, Chenopodium album, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Fraxinus mandshurica, Glycine max, Juglans mandschurica, Lysimachia clethroides, Malus pumila, Mentha, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Sanguisarba officinalis, Spiraea salicifolia, Thalictrum and Agastache rugosus.

Dictamnus dasycarpus
Dictamnus dasycarpus or Chinese dittany is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native from southeast Siberia to China and Korea. It was first described by Nikolai Turczaninow in 1842. It has also been treated as only a variety of Dictamnus albus.
Charles B. Larrabee
Charles Benham Larrabee (May 19, 1926 – March 29, 2008) was an American lawyer and a justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court from July 11, 1989, until his resignation on November 7, 1989.

Born in Cedar Rapids to a father in the fledgling commercial airline industry, Larrabee grew up in various places and finished his education at The British Schools of Montevideo in Uruguay. He served in the United States Navy in the Pacific Theater of World War II, aboard the USS North Carolina. He thereafter studied at the University of Iowa and received his law degree from the University of New Mexico School of Law in 1952.

He was appointed to the state supreme court by Governor Garrey Carruthers in June 1989, but resigned after less than four months on the court, citing "the conflict between the job and political pressure to begin campaigning".

Larrabee and his wife had two sons and three daughters. He died at his home in Albuquerque at the age of 81.

New Mexico Supreme Court
The New Mexico Supreme Court (Spanish: Corte Suprema de Nuevo México) is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is established and its powers defined by Article VI of the New Mexico Constitution. It is primarily an appellate court which reviews civil and criminal decisions of New Mexico's trial courts of general jurisdiction and certain specialized legislative courts, only having original jurisdiction in a limited number of actions. It currently resides in the New Mexico Supreme Court Building in Santa Fe.

The court's five justices are chosen by statewide election, or appointed by the governor if to fill a seat that has become vacant mid-term; the justices in turn choose who among them will serve as chief justice. The second time they face popular election, they must first pass review by a judicial standards committee, and then face a retention election in which they must receive at least 57% of the vote.
Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz
Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz (also Avraham Yissachar Ber Rabinowicz, Rabinowitz, Rabinowich, or Rabinovitch) (November 15, 1843 – September 5, 1892) was the second rebbe of the Radomsk Hasidic dynasty. He was the youngest son and successor of Shlomo Rabinowicz, who founded the dynasty in the Polish town of Radomsko (Radomsk) in 1843. He is known as the Chesed L'Avraham after the title a work he wrote.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Vilminore di Scalve
Vilminore di Scalve (Bergamasque: Ilminùr) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2010, it had a population of 1,532 and an area of 40.9 square kilometres (15.8 mi2).

The municipality of Vilminore di Scalve contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Vilmaggiore, S. Andrea, Dezzolo, Bueggio, Nona, Pezzolo, Pianezza, and Teveno.

Vilminore di Scalve borders the following municipalities: Azzone, Colere, Gromo, Oltressenda Alta, Rovetta, Schilpario, Teglio, Valbondione.

Teglio
Teglio (Téi in Valtellinese dialect) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Sondrio, on the border with Switzerland.

The main attraction is the Palazzo Besta, one of the main Renaissance residences in Lombardy.
Tyrone Peachey
Tyrone Peachey (born 8 August 1991) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer.

He previously played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Gold Coast Titans, Wests Tigers, and the Penrith Panthers in the NRL, winning the 2023 NRL Grand Final with Penrith. He played for the Indigenous All Stars, City Origin, Prime Minister's XIII and New South Wales. Peachey played in almost every position in his career, with most starts coming from the bench while having started games at centre, five-eighth, lock, second-row, fullback, hooker (listed in order of most starts) with lock considered his best position.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
7 Days and 7 Nights
"7 Days and 7 Nights" is a song written by Brolle (Kjell Junior Wallmark) and performed by himself at the second semifinal of Melodifestivalen 2011 in Gothenburg. The song received the second highest vote in the semifinal  (following Sanna Nielsen's "I'm In Love), and made it to the final inside the Stockholm Globe Arena where it ended up 10th with 29 points.

The song entered Svensktoppen on 27 March 2011 charting for four weeks before getting knocked out.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
Decline of the Glass–Steagall Act
The Glass–Steagall Act was a part of the 1933 Banking Act. It placed restrictions on activities that commercial banks and investment banks (or other securities firms) could do. It effectively separated those activities, so the two types of business could not mix, in order to protect consumer's money from speculative use. The Banking Act of 1935 clarified and otherwise amended Glass–Steagall.

Over time, private firms and their regulators found novel ways to weaken the barriers envisioned in the legislation. Eventually, the protections became very weak.

From its start, there were many economists, businessmen, and politicians who did not find the restrictions to be productive, and wished to do away with them altogether. It took about 66 years, but the legislation was eventually completely repealed. Subsequent financial crises have resulted in attempts to revive the legislation, and even make it stronger than originally envisioned.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.
PSO Tri-Nation Tournament
The PSO Tri-Nation Tournament was a One Day International cricket tournament hosted by Kenya in 2002. The hosts were joined by Australia and Pakistan for the Round-robin tournament where each team played one another twice. The tournament acted as good preparation for the teams as the continent would be hosting the World Cup half a dozen months later.

After topping the group, the unbeaten Australians took on Pakistan in the final. The Pakistanis batted first and posted 227 but with Australia at 1 for 67 in their chase the rain intervened and the game was declared a 'no result'. The tournament was thus shared between Australia and Pakistan. Man of the series went to one man from each team, Matthew Hayden, Misbah-ul-Haq and Martin Suji.

Martin Suji
Martin Armon Suji (born 2 June 1971) is a Kenyan former cricketer who played One-Day Internationals for the Kenyan national side between 1996 and 2006.

A right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler, his international career included matches at the 1996, 1999, and 2003 World Cups, as well as at the 1990, 1994, and 1997 ICC Trophies.

Suji is the older brother of Tony Suji, who also had a long career for Kenya. The brothers played together at the 1999 and 2003 World Cups.
Flashphoner Web Call Server
Web Call Server is unified intermedia server software developed by Flashphoner. It is a server-side platform, implemented in Java, dedicated for streaming video over wide range of communication protocols, including:

browsers ( Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari, Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer),

VoIP online conference services,

softphones,

SIP switches,

IP cameras,

streaming servers software, i.e. Adobe Flash Media Server and Wowza Streaming Engine.

Web Call Server can be configured for operation in networks with various topology, e.g. working behind corporate NAT and serving external clients using public IP address.

Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge is a proprietary cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft and based on the Chromium open-source project, superseding Edge Legacy. In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft. However, a bypass is available to open Internet Explorer.

First made available only for Android and iOS in 2017, in late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium-based browser with Blink and V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported from Windows 10 to macOS and Linux. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020, and on Xbox as well as Linux in 2021. Edge was also available on Windows 7 and 8/8.1 until early 2023.

By 2022, Edge was used by 11% of PCs worldwide. In February 2023, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the third most popular browser in the world, behind Safari and Chrome, while as of January 2025, Edge is second most popular PC/desktop web browser with Safari sliding to 3rd place.
Anqrati
Anqrati (Arabic: انقراتي)  is a Syrian village located in Saraqib Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Anqrati had a population of 982 in the 2004 census.

Idlib District
Idlib District (Arabic: منطقة ادلب, romanized: manṭiqat Idlib) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Idlib. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 382,929.
William O'Brien (Australian politician)
William Joseph O'Brien (7 September 1882 – 15 June 1953) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Parkes to carrier William O'Brien and Bridget, née O'Sullivan. He worked as a cabinetmaker and in the railways, and was an official in the Furniture Trades' Union, being a delegate to and later president of the Trades and Labor Council. In 1916 he was a foundation member of the Industrial Vigilance Council and a delegate to the Anti-Conscription League, and from 1913 to 1917 he served on the central executive of the Australian Labor Party (vice-president 1916–17). In 1917 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Annandale, transferring to Murray with the introduction of proportional representation in 1920. O'Brien served until 1925. He died at Leichhardt in 1953.

Electoral district of Annandale
Annandale was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894, with the abolition of multi-member constituencies, from part of Balmain, and named after and including the Sydney suburb of Annandale. With the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into the multi-member electorate of Balmain. It was recreated in 1927, but was abolished in 1950, and partly replaced by Newtown-Annandale.
Bellevue Education
Bellevue Education is an international private schools group founded in 2003 and based in London, UK. By 2019 it has grown to consist of 19 schools in the UK and 1 each in France and Switzerland. The Group also provides educational support to Bellevue Place Group, a group of Free Schools to which Bellevue's CEO, Mark Malley, and its Group Schools Director, Steve Wade, are Trustees. Bellevue Education was acquired by GEMS Education in 2018, and is a UK and European subsidiary of the Group. In 2019, CVC acquired a 30% stake in GEMS Education, which also includes its stake in Bellevue Education.

GEMS Education
GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa, and also has schools in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in Dubai by Sunny Varkey, the firm provides pre-school, primary, and secondary education.
Akhunov
Akhunov / Ahunov, feminine: Akhunova / Ahunova is a patronymic surname derived from the Persian name or title ахун, akhund with the Russian Slavic patronymic suffix '-ov'. Notebla people with the surname include:

Rustem Akhunov

Tursunoy Akhunova

Vyacheslav Akhunov

Rustem Akhunov
Rustem Rinatovich Akhunov (Русте́м Рина́тович Аху́нов; born August 22, 1978) is a Russian economist and politician. He holds a DEc degrees from BashSU Institute for Economics, Finance, and Business, and Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, and two DBA degrees from the High School of Corporate Management, and European University (Switzerland). He's the Chief Science Officer, and the head of Laboratory of Regional Economics Issues; a former dean of the Institute for Economics, Finance and Business of Bashkir State University, and a former Acting Chairman of the Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. Deputy of the 6th convocation of the State Assembly - Kurultai of the Republic of Bashkortostan (2018-2023).