hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Socialism in Hong Kong
Socialism in Hong Kong is a political trend taking root from Marxism and Leninism which was introduced to Hong Kong in the early 1920s. Ever since the Chinese Communist Party adopted economic reforms from 1978, young socialists have moved towards the pro-democracy camp under the banner of social democracy while traditional leftists remain in the pro-Beijing camp.

Historically, socialist trends in Hong Kong have taken various forms, including Marxism–Leninism, Maoism, Trotskyism, democratic socialism and liberal socialism, with the Marxist–Leninists being the most dominant faction due to the influence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime in the mainland. The "traditional leftists" became the largest force representing the pro-Beijing camp in the post-war decades, which had an uneasy relationship with the colonial authorities.

Meeting Point
Meeting Point (Chinese: 匯點) was a liberal and moderate Chinese nationalist political organisation and party in Hong Kong formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the Sino-British negotiation on the question of Hong Kong prospect in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong that favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free, democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.

It emerged as one of the leading pro-democracy groups in the 1980s and was one of the two predecessors of today's Democratic Party, into which it was merged in 1994.
Doug Berger
Douglas E. Berger is an American attorney, former prosecutor and politician who served as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's 7th Senate district for four terms, starting in 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, his district included Franklin County, Granville County, Vance County and Warren County.

Warren County, North Carolina
Warren County is a county located in the northeastern Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, on the northern border with Virginia, made famous for a landfill and birthplace of the environmental justice movement. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,642. Its county seat is Warrenton. It was a center of tobacco and cotton plantations, education, and later textile mills.
1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
The 1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption was a submarine eruption that occurred 90 km (56 mi) northeast of Necker Island on August 20, 1955. Steaming water, water discoloration and an eruption column took place during the eruption. A possible pumice raft was also witnessed. The eruption originated about 4 km (2.5 mi) below sea level from an unnamed submarine volcano. The eruption produced a column of smoke several meters high. It is probably the westernmost historical eruption within the Hawaiian Islands. Another but less certain submarine eruption may have occurred on May 22, 1956 at the Kaʻena Ridge, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Oʻahu in the Kaʻieʻie Waho Channel between that island and Kauaʻi.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Kumbhori
Kumbhori is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India. Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Begdewadi railway station
Begdewadi railway station is a railway station on Pune Suburban Railway line. The station is near National Highway 48 (India) on Shelarwadi.

All local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala, Pune Junction–Talegaon, Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala, Shivaji Nagar–Talegaon stops here.

Areas of Maval taluka near this station are Shelarwadi, Ghorawadi Caves, Somatne, Shirgaon.
Eryue He
Ling Jiefang (Chinese: 凌解放; 3 November 1945 – 15 December 2018), better known by his pen name Eryue He (Chinese: 二月河; lit. 'February River'), was a Chinese historical fiction writer. He is best known for writing biographical novels of three Qing dynasty emperors (Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong), all of which have been adapted into award-winning television series.

He was the dean of College of Liberal Arts of Zhengzhou University. He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress and the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the China Writers Association.

Zhengzhou University
Zhengzhou University (ZZU; 郑州大学) is a provincial public university in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Henan. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Zhengzhou University is the largest university in China in terms of number of students (around 73,000 students). The campus size is 433 hectares (1,070 acres).
OneAPI (compute acceleration)
oneAPI is an open standard, adopted by Intel, for a unified application programming interface (API) intended to be used across different computing accelerator (coprocessor) architectures, including GPUs, AI accelerators and field-programmable gate arrays. It is intended to eliminate the need for developers to maintain separate code bases, multiple programming languages, tools, and workflows for each architecture.

oneAPI competes with other GPU computing stacks: CUDA by Nvidia and ROCm by AMD.

Coprocessor
A coprocessor is a computer processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor (the CPU). Operations performed by the coprocessor may be floating-point arithmetic, graphics, signal processing, string processing, cryptography or I/O interfacing with peripheral devices. By offloading processor-intensive tasks from the main processor, coprocessors can accelerate system performance. Coprocessors allow a line of computers to be customized, so that customers who do not need the extra performance do not need to pay for it.
Battle of Bolia
The Battle of Bolia took place in 468 between the Ostrogoths (Amal dynasty) and a coalition of Germanic tribes in the Roman province of Pannonia.  It was fought on the south side of the Danube near its confluence with the river Bolia, in present-day Hungary. The Ostrogoths won, achieving supremacy in Pannonia, but soon migrated south towards richer lands.

Pannonia
Pannonia (/pəˈnoʊniə/, Latin: [panˈnɔnia]) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Italy, and on the south by Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It included the modern regions of western Hungary, western Slovakia, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia, and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The northern and eastern boundary line of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube.
Rebecca Martinez
Rebecca Martinez is an American politician and member of the Connecticut House of Representatives since 2024 from the 22nd district, which consists of the town of Plainville and part of New Britain. Martinez is a member of the Plainville Board of Education. She also works as a nurse.

New Britain, Connecticut
New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park, developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski".
Alla Horska
Alla Oleksandrivna Horska (Ukrainian: Алла Олександрівна Горська; 18 September 1929 – 28 November 1970) was a Ukrainian artist and Soviet dissident who was associated with the Ukrainian underground and Sixtier movements during the 1960s. She was murdered in 1970; the official investigation reported at the time that she had been killed by her father-in-law, though Soviet archives have since revealed evidence suggesting the possible involvement of the KGB.

Valentyn Moroz
Valentyn Yakovych Moroz (Ukrainian: Валенти́н Я́кович Моро́з; 15 April 1936 – 16 April 2019) was a Ukrainian writer and political prisoner. His resistance to persecution by the communist authorities made him a popular hero, particularly with the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, but after he was expelled from the USSR, his militant nationalism, and his private life, made him a controversial figure.
Willis Keith Baldwin
Willis Keith Baldwin (March 17, 1857 – April 19, 1935) was a Canadian politician and lumber merchant. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Laurier Liberals to represent the riding of Stanstead. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921 and again in 1925 and 1926.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
Small-wheel bicycle
A small-wheel bicycle, sometimes called a mini velo or mini-velo, is an adult bicycle with a reasonable sized frame and relatively small wheels, usually of ETRTO 406 mm (20") or less nominal diameter, which is smaller than the common 622 mm (700c) road bicycle wheel size or 622 mm, 584 mm or 559 mm (29, 27.5 or 26") gravel and mountain bike wheel sizes common on most full-sized adult bikes.

They can be folding or non-folding. While many folding bicycles are small-wheel bicycles, not all small-wheel bicycles can fold. Some small-wheel bicycles neither fold nor separate, such as the Moulton, which comes in both fixed-frame and separable-frame versions.

While BMX bikes also have ETRTO 406 mm ("20 inch") wheels, they are not normally categorised as "small-wheel bikes".

European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) exists to specify and harmonise sizes of rims and their associated pneumatic tyres across the European Union.  ETRTO sizes apply to rims and tyres for vehicles of all types. It is probably most well-known for size standardisation of bicycle tires designations in millimeters, which replaces many older national methods for referring to tire sizes that are incompatible. The great advantage of ETRTO sizing is that it is unambiguous; previously, nominal dimensions were used which were interpreted in different ways by different countries and manufacturers - a problem for the end user.

ETRTO works in liaison with the International Organization for Standardization to develop relevant standards.
Oldeholtwolde
Oldeholtwolde (West Frisian: Aldeholtwâlde) is a village in Weststellingwerf in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 150 in 2017.

The village was first mentioned in 1320 as Oldeholtwolt, and means "old low-lying wood". Olde (old) has been added to distinguish from Nijeholtwolde. The Dutch Reformed church was destroyed in a storm around 1700. A new church was built in 1875.

In 1840, Oldeholtwolde was home to 149 people.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Antihomomorphism
In mathematics, an antihomomorphism is a type of function defined on sets with multiplication that reverses the order of multiplication.  An antiautomorphism is an invertible antihomomorphism, i.e. an antiisomorphism, from a set to itself. From bijectivity it follows that antiautomorphisms have inverses, and that the inverse of an antiautomorphism is also an antiautomorphism.

Row and column vectors
In linear algebra, a column vector with ⁠⁠ elements is an  matrix consisting of a single column of ⁠⁠ entries. Similarly, a row vector is a  matrix, consisting of a single row of ⁠⁠ entries. For example, ⁠⁠ is a column vector and ⁠⁠ is a row matrix:

(Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)

The transpose (indicated by T) of any row vector is a column vector, and the transpose of any column vector is a row vector:

Taking the transpose twice returns the original (row or column) vector: ⁠⁠.

The set of all row vectors with n entries in a given field (such as the real numbers) forms an n-dimensional vector space; similarly, the set of all column vectors with m entries forms an m-dimensional vector space.

The space of row vectors with n entries can be regarded as the dual space of the space of column vectors with n entries, since any linear functional on the space of column vectors can be represented as the left-multiplication of a unique row vector.
Momo the Monster
Momo the Monster, also known as the Missouri Monster (Momo), is a purported ape-like creature, similar to descriptions of Bigfoot, that was allegedly sighted by numerous people in rural Louisiana,  Missouri in 1944 and 1945. Unlike some other areas with similar reports of cryptids such as the Fouke Monster in Fouke, Arkansas or the Mothman in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, Momo did not become a major tourist or economic folklore attraction.

Point Pleasant, West Virginia
Point Pleasant is a city in and the county seat of Mason County, West Virginia, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers. The population was 4,101 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Point Pleasant micropolitan area extending into Ohio. The town is best known for the Mothman, a purported humanoid creature reportedly sighted in the area that has become a part of West Virginia folklore, and more broadly part of American popular culture.
Austin Adamec
Austin Mark Adamec (born March 21, 1988) is an American Christian musician and guitarist, who primarily plays Christian pop music. He has released one studio album, All the Brighter, in 2015. The song, "My Only Answer", charted on the Billboard magazine Christian Airplay chart.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
South Dakota Mines Hardrockers
The South Dakota Mines Hardrockers (also referred to as the South Dakota Tech Hardrockers, SDSMT Hardrockers, and SDSM&T Hardrockers) are the athletic teams that represent South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, located in Rapid City, South Dakota, in Division II intercollegiate sports of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hardrockers primarily compete as a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference for all 11 varsity sports.

The men's soccer team competed in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC) from the 2013 to the 2014 fall seasons, and football, which also joined the GNAC from the 2014 to the 2015 fall seasons.

On January 20, 2014, South Dakota Mines had accepted an invitation to join the RMAC; most Hardrockers teams joined the RMAC on July 1, 2014 while men's soccer and football moved from the GNAC after the 2014 and 2015 fall seasons respectively.

Great Northwest Athletic Conference
The Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. It has historically operated in the northwestern United States, but also includes schools in Alaska, Montana, and British Columbia.

The GNAC is the only NCAA conference in any division with a Canadian university as a member.
Bob (surname)
Bob is the surname of:

Adam Bob (1967–2019), American football player

Camille Bob (1937–2015), American rhythm and blues singer and musician

Fernando Bob (born 1988), Brazilian footballer also known as Bob

Galina Bob (born 1984), Russian actress

Hans-Ekkehard Bob (1917–2014), German World War II fighter ace

Ioan Bob (1739–1830), Bishop of Făgăraş of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church from 1783 to 1830

Jim Bob, member of Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine

Raphael Bob-Waksberg (born 1984), American comedian, producer, voice actor, and writer

Hans-Ekkehard Bob
Hans Ekkehard Bob (24 January 1917 – 12 August 2013) was a German fighter pilot, serving with the Luftwaffe. During World War II, Bob flew approximately 700 combat missions, and claimed 60 victories; 37 of which were on the Eastern Front.
Pierre Vaultier
Pierre Benjamin Florent Vaultier (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ voltje]; born 24 June 1987) is a French two-time Olympic Gold Champion, and one-time World Gold Champion snowboarder, specializing in snowboard cross.

Snowboard cross
Snowboard cross, also known as boardercross, is  a snowboard competition in which four to six competitors race down a course. Snowboard cross courses are typically quite narrow and include cambered turns, various types of jumps, berms, rollers, drops, steep and flat sections designed to challenge the riders' ability to stay in control while maintaining maximum speed. Mid-race accidents are expected among racers.

Snowboard cross courses share common traits with motorcycle motocross courses, hence the similarity between the names of each sport. Competition format is typically a time trial followed by a knock-out tournament.
Mount Isolation
Mount Isolation is a mountain located in Coos County, New Hampshire. The mountain is part of the Presidential Range of the White Mountains.  Mount Isolation is the highest peak on the Montalban Ridge which extends south from Boott Spur.

Isolation is in the Presidential Range–Dry River Wilderness, and as its name implies, is one of the most remote White Mountain peaks. Isolation just qualifies as one of the Appalachian Mountain Club's "Four-thousand footers", having the requisite 4,000 feet (1,219 m) of elevation and 200 feet (61 m) of prominence.

Appalachian Mountain Club
The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) is the oldest outdoor group in the United States. Created in Boston in 1876 to explore and conserve New Hampshire's White Mountains, it has expanded throughout the Northeastern United States with 12 chapters stretching from Maine to the District of Colombia. While the AMC no longer publishes their membership numbers, in 2024 they reported 65,729 people connected to the outdoors through a mix of outdoor recreation, particularly hiking and backpacking, with a focus on environmental activism. Additional activities include cross-country skiing, whitewater and flatwater canoeing and kayaking, sea kayaking, sailing, rock climbing and bicycle riding.  The Club has about 2,700 volunteers, who lead roughly 7,000 trips and activities per year. The organization publishes a number of books, guides, and trail maps.
Caste system in Goa
The caste system in Goa consists of various Jātis or sub-castes found among Hindus belonging to the four varnas (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra), as well as those outside of them. A variation of the traditional Hindu caste system was also retained by the Goan Catholic community.

Vaishya Vani
Vaishya Vani is a sub-caste of Vaishyas, one of the varnas of Hinduism. In the Gujarat state and the Daman territory, they are also known as AryaVaishya or Vaishya wani Vanik. In Uttara Kannada districts of Karwar and Ankola, they are called as Vaishya Vani, or Vani.their mother tongue is Konkani which they speak among themselves in the states of Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.
Black sculpin
The black sculpin (Cottus baileyi) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is endemic to the United States. Its range includes the extreme upper Clinch and Holston River systems in western Virginia and just into northeastern Tennessee. It reaches a maximum length of 8 cm (3.1 in).

The black sculpin was first formally described in 1961 by C. Richard Robins, with its type locality given as "Middle fork of Holston River, 6 miles east-northeast of Marion, Smyth County, Virginia". Its specific name honors the ichthyologist Reeve Maclaren Bailey, recognising his contribution to the study of American freshwater fishes.

Clinch River
The Clinch River is a river that flows southwest for more than 300 miles (480 km) through the Great Appalachian Valley in the U.S. states of Virginia and Tennessee, gathering various tributaries, including the Powell River, before joining the Tennessee River in Kingston, Tennessee.