hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Currency Act
The Currency Act or Paper Bills of Credit Act is one of several Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. The policy created tension between the colonies and Great Britain and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution. However, the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the debts by colonists to British merchants were not a major cause of the Revolution. In 1995, a random survey of 178 members of the Economic History Association found that 92% of economists and 74% of historians disagreed with the statement, "The debts owed by colonists to British merchants and other private citizens constituted one of the most powerful causes leading to the Revolution."

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
The Sweetest Thing (Carlene Carter song)
"The Sweetest Thing" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Carlene Carter.  It was released in March 1991 as the third single from the album I Fell in Love.  The song reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  It was written by Carter and Robert Ellis Orrall.

Carlene Carter
Carlene Carter (born Rebecca Carlene Smith; September 26, 1955) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is the daughter of June Carter Cash and her first husband, Carl Smith.

Since 1978, Carter has recorded 12 albums as of 2020, primarily on major labels. In the same timespan, she has released more than 20 singles, including three number three-peaking hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.
Batticaloa Teaching Hospital
Batticaloa Teaching Hospital is a government hospital in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. It is the leading hospital in the Eastern Province and is controlled by the central government in Colombo. The hospital is the only teaching hospital in the Eastern Province.  The hospital is the main clinical teaching facility for the faculty of health care sciences of Eastern University. As of 2010 it had 900 beds.

Cabinet of Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, the Cabinet of Ministers is the council of senior ministers responsible and answerable to the Parliament of Sri Lanka. The President is a member of the cabinet and its head.

The Dissanayake cabinet is the incumbent central government of Sri Lanka led by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.
Obinna Onwubuariri
Obinna Onwubuariri Listenⓘ is a Nigerian politician. He was a member of the Federal House of Representatives, representing Isiala Mbano/Okigwe/Onuimo Constituency of Imo State in the 8th National Assembly.

Onuimo
Onuimo is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okwe. It comprises four towns namely: Okwe, Okwelle, Umuduru-Egbeaguru and Umuna.

It has an area of 87 km2 and a population of 99,247 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 470.
Gordonia (synapsid)
Gordonia is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of Scotland. Fossils have been found from the Elgin sandstone of Cutties Hillock Sandstone in Elgin, Moray. These are among the many amniote fossils referred to as the Elgin Reptiles. Gordonia was named in 1893 with four species: G. traquairi, G. duffiana, G. huxleyana, and G. juddiana. Currently, the only recognized species is the type G. traquairi. All other species are considered synonyms of the type.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
Echinocardium australe
Echinocardium australe is a sea urchin in the family, Loveniidae, first described by John Edward Gray in 1851, from specimens collected in Port Jackson and Tasmania. It is a synonym of Echinocardium cordatum.

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
Jasper Babcock
Jasper Babcock (April 6, 1821 - 1896) was an American politician who served as the Secretary of State for Nevada from 1879 to 1882. He was a Republican.

Babcock was born in Ashford, Connecticut. His parents moved to New York where he lived until 1852. In 1855 he gave testimony on California's state prison system.

He was preceded in office by James D. Minor. He issued a report for a two-year period. He was succeeded by John M. Dormer.

Ashford, Connecticut
Ashford is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 4,191 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1714. Eastford was a part of Ashford until 1847, when the former split off to organize its own town. For this reason, North Ashford is located in northeast Eastford.

Ashford is home to the largest Boy Scout camp in Connecticut, the June Norcross Webster Scout Reservation; to Paul Newman's Hole in the Wall Gang Camp for children with cancer and other serious illnesses; to the Salvation Army CONNRI Lodge and Conference Center; and to the Evangelical Christian Center, a retreat, camp and conference center.
Attatha attathoides
Attatha attathoides is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Ferdinand Karsch in 1896. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, the Seychelles, Tanzania and Zambia.

Ferdinand Karsch
Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch (2 September 1853, in Münster – 20 December 1936, in Berlin) was a German arachnologist, entomologist and anthropologist. He also wrote on human and animal sexual diversity with his mother's maiden name included as Ferdinand Karsch-Haack from around 1905.
Ferocactus fordii
Ferocactus fordii is a species of succulent plant in the family Cactaceae, commonly known as Ford's barrel cactus, endemic to the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. It is spherical, growing to 50 cm (20 in) in diameter, with whitish-grey radial spines and solitary flowers of a deep rose pink, 4 cm (2 in) in diameter.

San Quintín, Baja California
San Quintín (Spanish for 'Saint Quentin') is a city in San Quintín Municipality, Baja California, located on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The city had a population of 4777 in 2011. San Quintín is an important agricultural center for Baja California.
M7 (New York City bus)
The M7 is a public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, running mostly along Columbus Avenue, 116th Street, and Lenox Avenue from Lower Manhattan to Harlem. The route was originally the Columbus Avenue Line streetcar, and is now a bus route operated by the New York City Transit Authority under the MaBSTOA subsidiary.

New York City Omnibus Corporation
The New York City Omnibus Corporation (NYCO, later Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc.) ran bus services in New York City between 1926 and 1962. It expanded in 1935/36 with new bus routes to replace the New York Railways Corporation streetcars when these were dismantled. It further expanded with the acquisition of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company from The Omnibus Corporation in 1954. NYCO was renamed the "Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc." in 1956, becoming bankrupt in 1962, after which operations were taken over by the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority.
Ellen Bialystok
Ellen Bialystok, OC, FRSC (born 1948) is a Canadian psychologist and professor. She carries the rank of Distinguished Research Professor at York University in Toronto, Ontario where she is director of the Lifespan Cognition and Development Lab. She is also an associate scientist at the Rotman Research Institute of the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care.

She received her Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1976 with a specialization in cognitive and language development in children.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Wilkowo, Kętrzyn County
Wilkowo [vilˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kętrzyn, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Kętrzyn and 59 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Kętrzyn County
Kętrzyn County (Polish: powiat kętrzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kętrzyn (former Rastembork), which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Reszel, lying 16 km (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn, and Korsze, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn.

The county covers an area of 1,212.97 square kilometres (468.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 66,165, out of which the population of Kętrzyn is 28,000, that of Reszel is 5,098, that of Korsze is 4,632, and the rural population is 28,435.
Ferrovías
Ferrovías S.A.C. is a privately owned company which, on 1 April 1994, took over the concession, granted by the Argentine government as part of railway privatisation during the presidency of Carlos Menem, for the operation of the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) (metre gauge) Belgrano Norte Line commuter rail service in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

From 2004 to 2014 the company also formed part of UGOFE, a consortium with Metrovías and Trenes de Buenos Aires, which took over the running of commuter rail services on the Belgrano Sur, Roca and San Martín lines in Buenos Aires after concessions granted to Metropolitano S.A. for the operation of these services were revoked. UGOFE was dissolved in 2013.

Ferrovías operated the Puerto Madero Tramway, in the Puerto Madero district of Buenos Aires, from July 2007 until its closure in October 2012.

Outside of Argentina, the company also operates the Lima Metro in Peru.

Railway privatisation in Argentina
Railway privatisation in Argentina was a process which began in 1989 under the presidency of Carlos Menem, following a series of neoliberal economic reforms. This primarily consisted of breaking up the state-owned railway company Ferrocarriles Argentinos (FA) and allowing the former lines to be operated by private companies instead of the state.

This policy was met with widespread criticism and proved catastrophic for the Argentine railways whose service worsened significantly in the years that followed, with entire lines closing and infrastructure deteriorating beyond repair. Privatisation was ultimately reversed in 2015 with the creation of Nuevos Ferrocarriles Argentinos.
Ted van de Pavert
Ted van de Pavert (born 6 January 1992) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre-back, known mostly for his tenure with De Graafschap.

Van de Pavert made his professional debut for De Graafschap in 2010, quickly cementing his role as a reliable defender. Over the course of ten seasons spanning the Eerste Divisie, Eredivisie, and KNVB Cup from 2010 to 2022, he amassed 273 official appearances for the club, scoring 14 goals. His tenure was briefly interrupted by short spells with PEC Zwolle and NEC. In 2023, he drew the curtains on his career after a single season with Roda JC.

During his career, he earned a solitary cap for the Netherlands U20 in 2013.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
R. Scott Gemmill
R. Scott Gemmill is a Canadian writer and producer born in Orangeville, Ontario and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario. He wrote and produced for JAG and ER. He also wrote for all fourteen seasons of NCIS: Los Angeles, serving as showrunner from its eighth season onward. Gemmill is currently the creator, showrunner, and executive producer of the acclaimed medical drama The Pitt (2025-present), which won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.

Showrunner
A showrunner is the top-level executive producer of a television series. The position outranks other creative and management personnel, including episode directors, in contrast to feature films, in which the director has creative control over the production, and the executive producer's role is limited to investing. In scripted comedy and drama TV shows, the showrunner also usually serves as the head writer (or its most prolific writer). The role of a showrunner is not present on all television series, especially outside the United States; this article describes the nature of the role where it is present.
Concert saloon
The concert saloon was an American adaptation of the English music hall, and a precursor of variety and vaudeville theater. As in the music hall, alcohol was served. The entertainment at the saloon was to hold the imbiber's attention so they would imbibe more.

The fact that the concert saloons featured a kind of particularly tawdry, low-end theatre as well as liquor and the new fad of "waiter girls"—and, in the minds of many, prostitution—was too much for many so-called respectable people to bear. As late as 1881, Nym Crinkle would point out, "they serve as the gathering places for idle and vicious people to drink beer, listen to execrable music, make assignations, and parade in the dirtiest market those common charms which they have to sell." [The concert saloon's] reputations continued to be bad as long as they existed.— Brooks McNamara

Andrew Carpenter Wheeler
Andrew Carpenter Wheeler (July 4, 1835 – March 10, 1903), best known by the pen name Nym Crinkle, was a 19th-century American newspaper writer, author, and drama critic.  He was one of the most prolific critics of his day, known for his pungent and fierce criticism.
2015 IAAF World Relays
The 2015 IAAF World Relays was the second edition of the biennial, global track and field relay competition between nations. As in the previous year, it was held in May in Nassau, Bahamas. Apart from contesting for the Golden Baton for the best team overall, the competition also served as a qualifying stage for the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 4 × 100 and 4 × 400 metres relay. One major change compared to the inaugural edition was the replacement of the 4 × 1500 metres relay with the distance medley relay.

4 × 1500 metres relay
The 4 × 1500 metres relay is an athletics track event in which teams comprise four runners who each complete 1500 metres or 3.75 laps on a standard 400 metre track.

While not a World Championship or Olympic event, World Athletics does ratify world records in the event. The men's world record is 14:22.22 by a Kenyan team of Collins Cheboi, Silas Kiplagat, James Magut and Asbel Kiprop, set on May 25, 2014 at the World Relays meet in Nassau, Bahamas. The women's world record is 16:27.02 by an American team of Colleen Quigley, Elise Cranny, Karissa Schweizer and Shelby Houlihan set on July 31, 2020 at the Bowerman Track Club Intrasquad IV meet in Portland, Oregon.

In the United States and other countries, the 4 × mile relay is sometimes run as an alternative.
Pilidiostigma glabrum
Pilidiostigma glabrum, the plum myrtle,  is a small tree or shrub native to the rainforests of eastern Australia. Commonly seen in disturbed sites from near Port Macquarie in the south to Fraser Island in the north.

K'gari
K'gari (/ˈɡɑːri/ GAH-ree, lit. 'Paradise'), also known by its former name Fraser Island, is a World Heritage-listed sand island along the south-eastern coast in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia. The island lies approximately 250 km (160 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane, and is within the Fraser Coast Region local council area. The world heritage listing includes the island, its surrounding waters and parts of the nearby mainland which make up the Great Sandy National Park. In the 2021 census, the island had a population of 152. Up to 500,000 people visit the island each year.

The island is part of the traditional lands of the Butchulla people, under the traditional name of "K'gari". European settlers who arrived in 1847 named the island "Fraser Island" after Captain James Fraser, master of Stirling Castle, who was shipwrecked and died on the island in early August 1836. On 7 June 2023, the island was officially renamed K'gari by the state government.
Jason Saine
Jason Ray Saine is a former Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, having represented the 97th district (based in Lincoln County) from 2011 to 2024. A public relations and social media manager from Lincolnton he was re-elected to the seat in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020. He resigned from the North Carolina House in August 2024.

Lincolnton, North Carolina
Lincolnton is a city in Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States within the Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 11,091 at the 2020 census, with an estimated population of 12,128, as of 2023. Lincolnton is northwest of Charlotte, on the South Fork of the Catawba River. The city is the county seat of Lincoln County.
Charles A. Towne
Charles Arnette Towne (November 21, 1858 – October 22, 1928) was an American lawyer and politician who served in both houses of Congress.  He represented Minnesota in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897 and in the U.S. Senate from 1900 to 1901.  He also represented New York in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1905 to 1907. He was the last Democratic senator from Minnesota, before the state's Democratic Party merged with the Farmer-Labor Party to form the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.

Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party (FLP), officially known as the Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota, was a left-wing American political party in Minnesota between 1918 and 1944. The FLP largely dominated Minnesota politics during the Great Depression. It was one of the most successful statewide third party movements in United States history and the longest-lasting and most fruitful affiliate of the national Farmer–Labor movement. At its height in the 1920s and 1930s, FLP members included three Minnesota governors, four United States senators, eight United States representatives and a majority in the Minnesota legislature.

In 1944, Hubert H. Humphrey and Elmer Benson worked to merge the party with the state's Democratic Party, forming the contemporary Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
No-IP
Vitalwerks Internet Solutions, LLC is a domain and host service provider.  No-IP offers DNS services, DDNS, email, network monitoring and SSL certificates.  Email services include POP3, SMTP, mail backup services, mail reflection and filtering.

Post Office Protocol
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used version. Together with IMAP, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.
Samborsko
Samborsko [samˈbɔrskɔ] (German: Zamborst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastrowie, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It was founded in 1580 and had a church. The village lies approximately 5.5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Jastrowie, 23 km (14 mi) west of Złotów, and 114 km (71 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

Before 1945 the area was part of Prussia and later Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania and Territorial changes of Poland after World War II.

Jastrowie
Jastrowie [jasˈtrɔvʲɛ] (German: Jastrow) is a town in northwestern Poland in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship. It has 8,900 inhabitants (1998) and lies on the edge of the Gwda River valley. The town is located on the Osoka stream.
Hereford, Oregon
Hereford is an unincorporated community in Baker County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Hereford lies along the Burnt River southwest of Baker. It is on Oregon Route 245 northeast of its intersection with U.S. Route 26 in Unity. Hereford is 3,671 feet (1,119 m) above sea level.

Hereford once had a post office, but the area continues to use a ZIP code 97837. It is said that the community was named in the late 19th century for a Hereford bull. A post office was established here on March 7, 1887.

Baker City, Oregon
Baker City is a city in and the county seat of Baker County, Oregon, United States. It was named after Edward Dickinson Baker, the only U.S. Senator ever killed in military combat. The population was 10,099 at the time of the 2020 census.