hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spur (stem)
Spurs, or brachyblasts, are short, slow growing stems with greatly shortened internodes that can bear leaves, flowers and fruit. Spurs are perennial growths and commonly arise from the leaf axils on shoots.

They are common in fruit trees such as apple, pear, plum and almond. The spurs have horticultural importance. For example, the number of spurs on an almond (Prunus dulcis) tree is highly connected to the overall almond yield.

Ginkgo develops spurs from first-year leaf axils, and in subsequent years these produce clusters of leaves and eventually cones. Porcelainflower Hoya carnosa produces spurs for its inflorescences as well.

Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are usually called prunes.

Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh.  Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in jams, or fermented into wine and distilled into brandy. Plum seeds (also called kernels) contain the cyanide-like poison, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside.

In 2023, China produced 55% of the world total of plums. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions.
J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines
J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines is a winemaking company headquartered in San Jose, California, with over 4,000 acres of estate vineyards in the Paso Robles AVA in San Luis Obispo County, Arroyo Seco and Santa Lucia Highlands AVAs in Monterey County, and the St. Helena AVA in Napa Valley, California. The family-owned and operated company was founded by Jerry Lohr in 1974. The company operates wineries in San Jose, Paso Robles, and Greenfield, California. In 2013, Steve Lohr was appointed CEO of the company. J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines’ product portfolio includes eight tiers of wine: J. Lohr Signature, J. Lohr Cuvée Series, J. Lohr Vineyard Series, J. Lohr Gesture, J. Lohr Pure Paso Proprietary Red Wine, J. Lohr Monterey Roots, J. Lohr Estates and ARIEL Vineyards. The portfolio also includes specialty brands Cypress Vineyards and Painter Bridge. J. Lohr ranks among the top 25 wine producers in the United States, with annual US sales exceeding 1.8 million cases.

Greenfield, California
Greenfield is a city in Monterey County, California, United States. Formerly Clarke Colony, it lies in the Salinas Valley, 3 miles (5km) east of Carmel Valley road , and 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Salinas, at an elevation of 289 feet (88 m). As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,937, up from 16,330 in the 2010 census. Its most well-known public event is the annual Harvest Festival. Greenfield is a member of the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments.
Kathrine Harsem
Kathrine Rolsted Harsem (born 7 February 1989) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.

She made her FIS Cross-Country World Cup debut in March 2010 in Oslo. She collected her first World Cup points with a 17th-place finish in the March 2013 in Drammen. Her first top-10 placement came in February 2014 in Toblach. She was dropped from the Norwegian National Cross-country Team in May 2019, due to poor results during the 2018–19 season, where she was not selected for the World Championships in Seefeld.

She represents the sports club IL Varden, prior to 2011 for Fossum IF.

IL Varden Meråker
Idrettslaget Varden Meråker is a multi-sports club from Meråker Municipality, Norway.

Established in 1910, it has sections for skiing, football and handball.

Well-known club members include cross-country skiers Magnar Lundemo, Tor Arne Hetland, and Marthe Kristoffersen.
Dubyna, Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast
Dubyna  (Ukrainian: Ду́бина, Polish: Dębina) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, of  Western Ukraine. It belongs to Skole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is located on the banks of the Opir River along the Highway M06 (Ukraine) ( M 06).

It is situated 105 kilometres (65 mi) from the regional center Lviv, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the district center Skole, and 163 kilometres (101 mi) from Uzhhorod.

Local government — Verkhnosynovydnenska settlement council.

The first written mention of the village dates from the year 1561 and the name of the village is derived from the surrounding oak forests (dubovyy lis).

Until 18 July 2020, Dubyna belonged to Skole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.

Stryi Raion
Stryi Raion (Ukrainian: Стрийський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Stryi. Population: 319,464 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of Ukraine's administrative reform, the number of raions in Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Stryi Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Mykolaiv, Skole, and Zhydachiv Raions, as well as the cities of Morshyn, Novyi Rozdil, and Stryi, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance, were merged into Stryi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 60,912 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1939 as part of Drohobych Oblast.
Duwakot
Duwakot (Nepali: दुवाकोट) is a settlement and former Village Development Committee—now part of Changunarayan municipality, located in Bhaktapur district of Bagmati Province in central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 5,157 with 905 houses in it.

Bhaktapur District
Bhaktapur District (Nepali: भक्तपुर जिल्ला Listenⓘ; Nepal Bhasa: ख्वप देश (जिल्ला)) located in the eastern part of Kathmandu valley, is the smallest among seventy-seven districts of Nepal. It is part of Bagmati Province. Bhaktapur District Post Office is 44800. The district, with Bhaktapur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 119 km2 (46 sq mi) and in 2011 had a population of 304,651 of whom 9,701 people were absent (mostly working abroad).
Metronome All-Stars 1956
Metronome All-Stars 1956 was the final album by the Metronome All-Stars, a loose amalgamation of musicians representing winners of Metronome magazine's annual poll. This 1956 release contains four tracks documenting the first collaboration between pianist/bandleader Count Basie and vocalist Ella Fitzgerald. 
The album was originally released on the Clef label in 1956.

Clef Records
Clef Records was an American jazz record label founded by Norman Granz in 1946. It became part of Verve Records, which Granz created in 1956. Clef recordings were, in the mid 1950s, licensed to Columbia (UK), which issued 78rpm discs with a special white label and the Clef logo.
Huỳnh Quốc Anh
Huỳnh Quốc Anh (born 10 May 1985) is a Vietnamese football manager and former footballer. He is currently the head coach of Trường Tươi Binh Phước.

Quốc Anh played as a left winger and spend his entire career playing for SHB Đà Nẵng. He also played for the Vietnam national team. Banned from playing for 3 years between 2005 and 2008 after a match-fixing scandal, Quốc Anh managed to win the Vietnamese Golden Ball in 2012 after leading SHB Đà Nẵng to win the 2012 V-League.

Vietnamese Golden Ball
Vietnamese Golden Ball (Vietnamese: Quả bóng vàng Việt Nam), also referred to as Vietnamese Footballer of the Year, is an annual association football award for the best performances of Vietnamese footballer over the previous year. Presented since 1995 by Sài Gòn Giải Phóng Newspaper. The first winner was striker Le Huynh Duc. Since 2001, It also awards Young Player of the Year, Best Woman Player of the year and Best Foreign Player of the year. The current holder of the men's Golden Ball award, as selected in 2025, is Ninh Binh's striker Nguyễn Hoàng Đức.
Marnes d'Auzas Formation
The Marnes d'Auzas Formation (Auzas Marls Formation) is a geological Formation in southwestern France (departments of Ariège and Haute-Garonne) whose strata date back to the Late Maastrichtian. It is about 100 metres thick and consists primarily of marls with some interbeds of sandstones. It corresponds to sediments whose depositional environment evolved from the paralic domain (coastal lagoons, tidal marsh, tidal muddy channel) at the base of the formation, towards a more continental domain (alluvial plain, fluvial channels) in its upper part. The Marnes d'Auzas Formation was deposited in the west coast of the former Ibero-Armorican Island, which included much of France and Spain.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Ian Boyden
Ian H. Boyden (born February 16, 1971) is a contemporary American painter, sculptor, and book artist, known for the paints and inks he makes from materials such as meteorites, shark teeth, and freshwater pearls. His paintings are often abstract interpretations of how the pigment materials are understood according to historical, literary, and psychological contexts.

Cultured freshwater pearls
Cultured freshwater pearls are pearls that are farmed and created using freshwater mussels.  These pearls are produced in Japan and the United States on a limited scale, but are now almost exclusively produced in China. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission requires that farmed freshwater pearls be referred to as "freshwater cultured pearls" in commerce. Quality of cultured freshwater pearls is evaluated through a grading system of a series of A values, based on luster, shape, surface, colour and matching.
Natamata
Natamata (a Bislama name derived from vernacular words such as Raga / East Ambae tamata and Apma temwat) is a concept underlying the social fabric of traditional communities in north-eastern Vanuatu. The concept has no exact equivalent in Western culture and law. It is sometimes translated as "peace", though "harmony" is probably a closer translation. The concept encompasses social and spiritual harmony, and the set of unwritten customary laws by which this harmony is maintained.

Maintaining natamata is the responsibility of customary chiefs. It is believed that when a transgression is committed by a member of the community, natamata is broken, and must be restored, usually by the paying of fines to the chief and to the person who was wronged.

References to natamata are common in personal names and place names, such as the Penama Provincial Centre of Saratamata on Ambae, whose name translates roughly as "Field of Harmony".

Penama Province
Penama is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu, located in the northeast of the country. It consists of three major islands:Ambae (or Aoba), Maewo, and Pentecost. The name Penama is derived from the initial letters of PENtecost, Ambae and MAewo.
2024 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2024 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mountain West Conference. It was held March 13–16, 2024, at the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in Paradise, Nevada. The tournament champion will receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
West Ecclesfield
53°26′17″N 1°29′31″W﻿ / ﻿53.438°N 1.492°W﻿ / 53.438; -1.492

West Ecclesfield ward—which includes the districts of Burncross, Grenoside, High Green—is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It is located in the northern part of the city and covers an area of 4.83 square miles (3,090 acres; 12.5 km2) in the western part of Ecclesfield Parish. The population of this ward in 2011 was 17,699 people in 7,675 households. West Ecclesfield was one of the six wards that made up the former Sheffield Hillsborough Parliamentary constituency. In their final report, the Boundary Commission for England recommended that West Ecclesfield form part of a reformed Penistone Parliamentary constituency. West Ecclesfield is composed of a number of polling districts. There are six in total; Angram Bank, Burncross, Grenoside one and two, Mortomley and Wortley Road.

Areas of Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in the north of England. Some of the areas developed from villages or hamlets, that were absorbed into Sheffield as the city grew, and thus their centres are well defined, but the boundaries of many areas are ambiguous. The city is divided into 28 electoral wards for local elections and 6 parliamentary constituencies for national elections.
James Irvine (chemist)
Sir James Colquhoun Irvine KBE FRS FRSE FEIS (9 May 1877 – 12 June 1952) was a British organic chemist and Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1921 until his death. As a research chemist, Irvine worked on the application of methylation techniques to carbohydrates, and isolated the first methylated sugars, trimethyl and tetramethyl glucose.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
My Delicious Poisons
My Delicious Poisons is the fourth studio album by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo. A French version of the album was recorded and released in France, entitled Mes Poisons Délicieux. The album was not as successful as its predecessors as it only entered the Dutch album charts, peaking at No. 71.

The first single off the album, Teach Me To Dance was co-written by Lazlo herself with Chris Rea. The album also contains a cover version of the Elkie Brooks song Pearl's a Singer.

Singles off the album were Teach Me To Dance, Love Insane and Ballad For Lisa.

Elkie Brooks
Elkie Brooks (born Elaine Bookbinder; 25 February 1945) is an English rock, blues and jazz singer. She was a vocalist with the bands Dada and Vinegar Joe, and later became a solo artist. She gained her biggest success in the late 1970s and 1980s, releasing 13 UK Top 75 singles, and reached the top ten with "Pearl's a Singer", "Sunshine After the Rain" (both 1977), "Fool (If You Think It's Over) (1981), and "No More the Fool" (1986).  She has been nominated twice for the Brit Awards.

Brooks is a Gold Badge Award of Merit winner from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) (now The Ivors Academy) and is generally referred to as the "British Queen of Blues".
Farhan Saeed
Farhan Saeed (born 14 September 1984) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter, actor and entrepreneur. Saeed is the former lead vocalist of the Pakistani band Jal and owns the Cafe Rock restaurant in Lahore. He sings in Urdu and Punjabi. He made his acting debut with the drama De Ijazat Jo Tu (2014).

Saeed had his breakthrough with Udaari, for which he received the Hum Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination. He earned wider recognition with his portrayals in Suno Chanda (2018), Suno Chanda 2 (2019) and Mere Humsafar (2021-22). The former won him Hum Award for Best Actor Popular. Saeed made his film debut with Tich Button (2022).

Hum TV
Hum TV HD is a 24-hour Urdu general entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi in 2005.

It is owned by Hum Network Limited and traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange as (HUMNL).

Hum Network Limited was known as Eye Television Network Limited prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005. In March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony. As of 1 May 2018, Hum TV shut down its SD feed and shifted to HD resolution in Pakistan.

Hum TV is one of Pakistan's biggest entertainment networks and regularly is in the  top ranks and maintains a loyal fanbase on social media in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and streaming platforms, as well as on television.
150th Special Operations Squadron
The 150th Special Operations Squadron (150 SOS), equipped with the C-32B aircraft, is a unit of the 108th Wing of the New Jersey Air National Guard.  It provides global airlift to special response teams within the Department of Defense and other agencies.

The squadron was established in 1956 as the 150th Air Transport Squadron.  The following year, it converted to the aeromedical evacuation mission as the 150th Aeromedical Evacuation Transport Squadron.  It continued in various airlift roles until 1973, when it converted to the air refueling mission as the 150th Air Refueling Squadron.  The squadron was stationed at Newark Municipal Airport until 1965, when it moved to McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey.   The squadron was inactivated in 2008 following the retirement of the wing's Boeing KC-135E Stratotanker aircraft.  It was later reactivated with a special operations mission.

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
2002 Czech municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in the Czech Republic on 1 and 2 November 1998. The Civic Democratic Party received the most votes, although the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party won more seats.

KDU-ČSL
KDU-ČSL (In Czech, the initials of the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party; Czech: Křesťanská a demokratická unie – Československá strana lidová), often shortened to lidovci ("the populars"), is a Christian democratic political party in the Czech Republic, led by Marek Výborný. The party has taken part in most of the Czech government coalitions since 1990, and has been represented in every parliament except for the 6th Czech parliament (2010–2013). It currently forms part of the parliamentary opposition, having been elected on the lists of the Spolu electoral alliance.
Treaty of Karlowitz
The Treaty of Karlowitz, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Holy League at the Battle of Zenta, was signed in Karlowitz (present-day Sremski Karlovci, Serbia), in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy, on 26 January 1699. Also known as "The Austrian treaty that saved Europe", it marks the end of Ottoman control in much of Central Europe, with their first major territorial losses in Europe, beginning the reversal of almost three centuries of expansion (1299–1683). The treaty established the Habsburg monarchy as the dominant power of the region.

Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire
The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Klasik Çağ) concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566). During this period a system of patrimonial rule based on the absolute authority of the sultan reached its apex, and the empire developed the institutional foundations which it would maintain, in modified form, for several centuries. The territory of the Ottoman Empire greatly expanded, and led to what some historians have called the Pax Ottomana. The process of centralization undergone by the empire prior to 1453 was brought to completion in the reign of Mehmed II.
Marler
Marler is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Carlyle Marler (1901–1981), Canadian politician

Herbert Meredith Marler (1876–1940), Canadian politician and diplomat

Joe Marler (born 1990), English Rugby union player

Seth Marler (born 1981), American football placekicker

Taryn Marler (born 1988), Australian actress

People with surnames that are cognates of Marler include:

Robin Marlar (1931–2022), English cricketer and cricket journalist

John Marlor (1789–1835), English-American architect

Fictional characters:

Blake Marler, character on the television program Guiding Light

Dinah Marler, character on the television program Guiding Light

John Marlor
John Marlor (1789–1835) was an England-born, Charleston, South Carolina-raised master builder whose work in Milledgeville, Baldwin County, Georgia, capital of the state of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, combined several classical style elements to create the American architecture style known as "Milledgeville Federal", characterized by a fanlighted front entrances under two-story double-columned porticoes with cantilevered second story balcony, curved cantilevered staircases, and side-gabled roofs.