hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tomb of Perneb
The Tomb of Perneb is a mastaba-style tomb from ancient Egypt, built during the reigns of Djedkare Isesi and Unas (c. 2381 BC to 2323 BC), in the necropolis of Saqqara, north of King Djoser's Step Pyramid and about 30 kilometers south of Giza, Egypt. It was the tomb of Perneb, and from the size and placement of the tomb he might have been a court official or royal family member, who had a role in the robing and crowning of the king.

The tomb was erected during the 5th Dynasty in the Old Kingdom. It was discovered in 1907, purchased from the Egyptian government in 1913 and given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City by Edward Harkness.

Perneb's name means "my Lord has come forth to me". His tomb was attached to the larger tomb of the vizier Shepsesre, who may have been Perneb's father.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Gamal Esmat
Gamal Esmat is a professor at Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Cairo University. He was vice president of Cairo University for Graduate Studies and Research.

Esmat has published scientific papers in journals on hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Since 2001, he is the director of Clinical Research Unit, Hepatitis C Project, International Health Division, University of Maryland, Baltimore.

Esmat was the president of IASL (International Association for the Study of the Liver) during the period 2006 – 2008 and is recently the WHO consultant for management of viral hepatitis.

Abdominal ultrasonography
Abdominal ultrasonography (also called abdominal ultrasound imaging or abdominal sonography) is a form of medical ultrasonography (medical application of ultrasound technology) to visualise abdominal anatomical structures. It uses transmission and reflection of ultrasound waves to visualise internal organs through the abdominal wall (with the help of gel, which helps transmission of the sound waves). For this reason, the procedure is also called a transabdominal ultrasound, in contrast to endoscopic ultrasound, the latter combining ultrasound with endoscopy through visualize internal structures from within hollow organs.

Abdominal ultrasound examinations are performed by gastroenterologists or other specialists in internal medicine, radiologists, or sonographers trained for this procedure.
Ray Kelly (sportswriter)
Raymond Kelly (January 24, 1914, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States – November 22, 1988, in Philadelphia) was a sportswriter who worked 50 years for the Philadelphia Bulletin. He covered the Philadelphia Athletics from 1948 to 1955 and the Philadelphia Phillies from 1956 until he retired in 1979.

A president of both the Philadelphia and national chapters of the Baseball Writers' Association of America, Kelly was a posthumous recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award in 1989. The Philadelphia Old Timers' Soccer Association inducted Kelly into its Hall of Fame in 1985.

He died at age 74 at Nazareth Hospital in Philadelphia and was cremated.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
FC Kristall Smolensk
FC Kristall Smolensk (Russian: «Кристалл» (Смоленск)) was a Russian football team from Smolensk. It played professionally from 1993 to 2003. They played on the second-highest level in the Russian First Division from 1997 to 2003, where their best result was 4th place in 1998. In 2004 a new club was founded in Smolensk, called FC Smolensk.

Russian First League
The Russian First League (Russian: Первая лига, Pervaya liga), formerly called Russian First Division (Russian: Первый дивизион) and Russian Football National League (FNL) (Russian: Первенство Футбольной Национальной Лиги, Pervenstvo Futbol'noy Natsional'noy Ligi) is the second level of the Russian football league system.

The Russian Professional Football League (PFL) used to run the division. Since 2011, it has been managed by the Football National League.

The league consists of 18 clubs. After each season the two top clubs are promoted to the Premier League, and the bottom three clubs are relegated to the Second League. Third and fourth team play in home-and-away promotion play-offs against the 13th and 14th Premier League teams. Should one or more clubs not possess the required licence to participate for the upcoming season, the teams previously relegated are kept in the league instead, in the order of last season's standings.
Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr
Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr (31 October 1845 – 18 February 1907) was an officer in the paramilitary Native Police in the British colony of Queensland. After being demoted for poor conduct, he resigned from this force and became a drover, leading the first herds of cattle into the region now known as the Northern Territory. He later became, amongst other vocations, a gold prospector, butcher and hotelier. Throughout his life, Uhr actively engaged in multiple incidents of frontier violence including several massacres of Aboriginals. He was also the subject of numerous court cases defending charges which ranged from murder and assault to race-fixing and fraud. In later life he moved to Western Australia and became a business partner with Charles Kidman, brother of the famous pastoralist, Sidney Kidman.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Cricket in Nepal
Cricket in Nepal (Nepali: नेपालमा क्रिकेट) is one of the country's most popular and widely followed sport which has gained popularity over the years. It rapidly grew popularity in the mid 2010s, following the slight successes of the Nepalese cricket team as well as the country's explosive rise in social media and television viewing influence from neighboring country India. It is played by many people throughout the country, especially in the Terai region. Association football is the most popular sport in Nepal, followed by cricket.

The biggest cricketing achievement of the national cricket team was when the team reached the qualification tournament of 2014 ICC World T20 held in Bangladesh. Nepal's playing season runs from September to November and starts again in March before finishing in May.  As of October 2023, there were 3,400 senior cricket clubs and over 35,000 registered players in Nepal.

Kirtipur
Kirtipur (Nepali: कीर्तिपुर; Nepal Bhasa: किपू Kipoo) is a Municipality and an ancient city of Nepal. The Newars are the natives of Kipoo (Kirtipur). It is located in the Kathmandu Valley 5 km south-west of the city of Kathmandu. It is one of the five dense municipalities in the valley, the others being Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi. It is one of the most famous and religious places to visit. Many people visit this place not only for its natural environment but also to visit temples. The city was listed as a UNESCO tentative site in 2008.
Kalanga language
Kalanga, or TjiKalanga (in Zimbabwe), is a Bantu language spoken by the Kalanga people in Botswana and Zimbabwe which belongs to the Shonic (Shona-Nyai) branch of the Bantu languages, within the Niger-Congo languages. It has an extensive phoneme inventory, which includes palatalised, velarised, aspirated and breathy-voiced consonants, as well as whistled sibilants.

Kalanga is recognized as an official language by the Zimbabwean Constitution of 2013 and is taught in schools in areas where its speakers predominate. The iKalanga language is closely related to the Nambya, TshiVenda, and KheLobedu languages of Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Goldcliff
Goldcliff (Welsh: Allteuryn) is a village, parish and community to the south east of the city of Newport in South Wales. It lies within the Newport city boundaries in the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. Administratively, the community of Goldcliff includes the village/parish of Whitson. The population in 2001 was 233; by 2011 it had risen to 329.

British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War
British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War entailed a large-scale division of military and civilian mobilisation in response to the threat of invasion (Operation Sea Lion) by German armed forces in 1940 and 1941. The British Army needed to recover from the defeat of the British Expeditionary Force in France, and 1.5 million men were enrolled as part-time soldiers in the Home Guard. The rapid construction of field fortifications transformed much of the United Kingdom, especially southern England, into a prepared battlefield. Sea Lion was never taken beyond the preliminary assembly of forces. Today, little remains of Britain's anti-invasion preparations, although reinforced concrete structures such as pillboxes and anti-tank cubes can still be commonly found, particularly in the coastal counties.
Abies milleri
Abies milleri, an extinct species of fir known from fossil remains found in deposits from the early Eocene Ypresian stage (around 49.5 mya) in Washington State, USA, is the oldest confirmed record for the fir genus.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
La Devise
La Devise (French pronunciation: [la dəviz]) is a commune in the department of Charente-Maritime, southwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2018 by merger of the former communes of Vandré (the seat), Chervettes and Saint-Laurent-de-la-Barrière.

Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃t maʁitim] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; Occitan: Charanta Maritima) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).
Beetle (JR Kyushu)
Beetle (ビートル, Bītoru) was a high-speed ferry service that travelled between Fukuoka, Japan and Busan, South Korea. It was operated by JR Kyushu Jet Ferry, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).

The service was operated by hydrofoil ferries, the Boeing 929 Jetfoil, from its establishment in 1990. These hydrofoil ferries were later replaced by new trimaran ferries, the Queen Beetle (クイーンビートル, Kuīn Bītoru), built by Australian manufacturer Austal. The Queen Beetle first entered service in 2022, providing domestic trips between Okinoshima and Fukuoka during the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2022 Queen Beetle started service on the Fukuoka to Busan route, while the older Beetle ferries were retired.

By the end of 2024, they announced that the service would be completely terminated, citing water seepage as a serious safety issue that they could not resolve.

Okinoshima (Fukuoka)
Okinoshima (沖ノ島, Okinoshima) is an island off the coast of Munakata, Fukuoka, Japan. It is considered sacred land by the local Munakata Taisha. The island's population consists of a single employee of the shrine. He is one of about two dozen Shinto priests who spend 10-day intervals on the island, praying and guarding against intruders.

The entire island is considered a shinto kami, and the island is off limits to women. One proposed reason is that Shinto views blood as impure and menstruation would desecrate the island. For centuries, only 200 men were allowed on the island on one day each year after they had ritually purified themselves in the  surrounding sea.

The island covers area of 97 ha (240 acres) and has maximum elevation of approximately 244 m (801 ft).
FC Pinzgau Saalfelden
FC Pinzgau Saalfelden is an Austrian football club from Saalfelden in the federal state of Salzburg. The club plays in the Regionalliga West which is the third tier of Austrian football, and has played there since the 2014–15 season.

Austrian Regionalliga West
The Regionalliga West (German for 'Regional League West') is the third tier of the Austrian football league system in the states of Salzburg, Tyrol (excluding East Tyrol) and Vorarlberg. It is one of three Regionalligen at this level, together with the Austrian Regionalliga East and the Austrian Regionalliga Central.
Self-titled Album (The Audition album)
Self-titled Album is the third studio album by American rock band the Audition. It was produced by Mark Trombino, who has previously worked with Jimmy Eat World, Senses Fail, Blink-182 and Finch, amongst others. This is the first release since the departure of original bassist and founding member Joe Lussa (Joe did record all bass parts on all 10 songs).

Finch (American band)
Finch is an American rock band from Temecula, California. The band is best known for their single "What It Is to Burn" from the album of the same name (2002). Their second album, Say Hello to Sunshine (2005), peaked within the top 30 on the Billboard 200. Following setbacks within the group, they released the album Back to Oblivion (2014).
1989 Player's Canadian Open – Men's doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso were the defending champions, but the pair chose to compete at Cincinnati during the same week, winning that title.

Kelly Evernden and Todd Witsken won the title by defeating Charles Beckman and Shelby Cannon 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Shelby Cannon
Shelby Cannon (born August 19, 1966) is an American retired professional tennis player.

Cannon enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won three doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional six times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 27 in 1993.

Cannon played college tennis for the Tennessee Volunteers. While on tour, Cannon kept a residence in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida.
Cigarettes & Alcohol
"Cigarettes & Alcohol" is a song by the English rock band Oasis, written by Noel Gallagher. It was released on 10 October 1994 by Creation Records as the fourth and final single from their debut album, Definitely Maybe (1994), and their second to enter the UK top ten in the United Kingdom, peaking at number seven, and ultimately spending 82 weeks on the UK Top 100 between 1994 and 1998. On 7 November 2025, 31 years after its release, the song was certified double platinum, indicating 1,200,000 sales.

Glasgow Cathouse
The Glasgow Cathouse (also known as the Cathouse Rock Club) is a long-established alternative music nightclub on Union Street in Glasgow. It is well-known for hosting live gigs, with globally successful, mainstream bands such as Oasis, Pearl Jam and Fall Out Boy have played there in their fledgling years.

The club has also been host to acts such as DragonForce, Lordi, Zebrahead, SOiL, Mr. Bungle, Jayne County and Glenn Hughes.
NGC 5668
NGC 5668 is a nearly face-on spiral galaxy, visual magnitude about 11.5, located about 81 million light years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered on 29 April 1786 by William Herschel.

NGC 5668 is a member of the NGC 5638 Group of galaxies, itself one of the Virgo III Groups strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies. In addition, A.M. Garcia listed NGC 5668 in the 31 member NGC 5746 galaxy group (also known as LGG 386).

As seen from the Earth, it is inclined by an angle of 18° to the line of sight along a position angle of 145°. The morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SA(s)d, indicating a pure spiral structure with loosely wound arms. However, optical images of the galaxy indicate the presence of a weak bar structure spanning an angle of 12″ across the nucleus. There is a dwarf galaxy located around 650×10^3 ly (200 kpc) to the southeast of NGC 5668, and the two may be gravitationally interacting.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
True Grit (novel)
True Grit is a 1968 novel by Charles Portis that was first published as a 1968 serial within The Saturday Evening Post. The novel is told from the perspective of an elderly spinster named Mattie Ross, who recounts the time a half century earlier when she was 14 and sought retribution for the murder of her father by a scoundrel, Tom Chaney. It is considered by some critics to be "one of the great American novels." True Grit is included in the Library of America of Portis' Collected Works.

The novel was adapted for the screenplay of the 1969 film True Grit starring John Wayne, Kim Darby and Glen Campbell. Six years later, in 1975, Wayne reprised his Academy Award-winning role as the tough hard drinking one-eyed lawman in the sequel film Rooster Cogburn. In 2010, Joel and Ethan Coen wrote and directed another film adaptation of True Grit. In November 2010, The Overlook Press published a movie tie-in edition of the second film version of True Grit.

Library of America
The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. Founded in 1979 with seed money from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation, the LOA has published more than 300 volumes by authors ranging from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Saul Bellow, Frederick Douglass to Ursula K. Le Guin, including selected writing of several U.S. presidents. Anthologies and works containing historical documents, criticism, and journalism are also published. Library of America volumes seek to print authoritative versions of works; include extensive notes, chronologies, and other back matter; and are known for their distinctive physical appearance and characteristics.
Wythall railway station
Wythall railway station (formerly Grimes Hill Platform, Grimes Hill & Wythall Halt and Grimes Hill and Wythall Platform) serves the village of Wythall in Worcestershire, England. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by West Midlands Trains.

Although situated just outside the West Midlands county, the station lies within the area supported by Transport for West Midlands given its proximity to Tidbury Green, and therefore TfWM-issued tickets for train travel are valid for travel to the station, but TfWM-issued bus tickets are not. London Midland closed the ticket office in 2011.

The station opened as Grimes Hill Platform on 1 July 1908. It then became Grimes Hill & Wythall Halt on 12 July 1914; Grimes Hill and Wythall Platform on 11 July 1927; the suffix was dropped on 9 July 1934 and it finally became Wythall on 6 May 1974.

Tidbury Green
Tidbury Green is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in the county of West Midlands in England. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 1,130.

Historically, Tidbury Green belonged to the county of Warwickshire. At the beginning of the 20th century, the area was Tidbury Green Farm. It was owned by H. A. W. (Henry Aylesbury Walker) Aylesbury, having passed into his hands from the ownership of the Roberts family in the 1700s and early 1800s. The estate was sold in 1918 after Aylesbury's death, an example of land redistribution caused by the First World War.

After the Second World War it had a thriving Vegetable Growers Association.

In 1995 a new school replacing the former dilapidated buildings at Tidbury Green School, was built, including a village hall, which is a centre used for many different local groups and clubs.
Mark Diacono
Mark Diacono is a food writer, grower, photographer and cook, who has published 13 books. In 2015, he won the André Simon Food Book of the Year 2014 for his book A Year at Otter Farm, and in 2011 he was awarded Food Book of the Year for A Taste of the Unexpected by the Guild of Food Writers.

He established a smallholding, Otter Farm, near Honiton in East Devon, England. In 2016 Otter Farm was featured on Grand Designs when Mark, wife Candida and daughter Nell contracted the build of the farmhouse and adjoining cookery school in steel frame and cob.

He has a long association with River Cottage, having appeared in the TV series, run courses, written books and led the garden team there.

Mark is an Honorary Fellow of Liverpool University, was awarded an Honorary Degree by University of Winchester, and has a MSc in Environmental Management and Planning (Distinction) from Oxford Brookes University.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.