hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Tufnell
Richard Lionel Tufnell (10 December 1896 – 1 October 1956) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Richard Tufnell was son of Edward Tufnell, Member of Parliament for South East Essex, and his wife Ellen Bertha Gubbins. His grandfather was the civil servant and educationalist Edward Carleton Tufnell. He was educated at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took an MA.

He was elected as the member of parliament for Cambridge at a by-election in 1934, following the ennoblement of the Conservative MP Sir George Newton as Baron Eltisley.

Tufnell retained the seat at the 1935 general election, but ten years later at the 1945 general election, he lost his seat to Arthur Symonds of the Labour Party.

Ennoblement
Ennoblement is the conferring of nobility—the induction of an individual into the noble class. Currently only a few kingdoms still grant nobility to people; among them Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Vatican. Depending on time and region, various laws have governed who  could be ennobled and how. Typically, nobility was conferred on individuals who had assisted the sovereign. In some countries (e.g. France under the Ancien Régime), this degenerated into the buying of patents of nobility, whereby rich commoners (e.g.  merchants) could purchase a title of nobility.
Fort Culion
Fort Culion is a citadel built in 1740 during the Spanish-era in the Philippines. The Recollect Augustinians constructed the fort to defend themselves from Muslim invaders. The structure was built of stone, square-shaped, and with four bastions.

In 1930, the Jesuits used the coral stones used on the fort to build the walls of the Immaculate Conception Parish Church, also known as Culion Church. The fort, now in ruins, currently serves as a lighthouse. Its canons are still visible

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared the fort as a historical landmark in 1939.

Recollects
The Franciscan Recollects (French: Récollets) were a French reform branch of the Friars Minor, a Franciscan order. Denoted by their gray habits and pointed hoods, the Recollects devoted their lives to an extra emphasis on prayer, penance, and spiritual reflection (recollection), focusing on living in small, remote communities to better facilitate these goals. Today they are best known for their activities as missionaries in various parts of the world, most notably in early French Canada.

This branch of the Order had its origins in the 16th century. Officially named the "Order of Friars Minor Recollect", they used the post-nominal initials O.F.M. Rec. (Latin: Ordo fratrum minorum recollectorum) or O.M.R. (Ordo minorum recollectorum). 
In 1897 Pope Leo XIII dissolved the Recollect branch and merged it, along with several other reform branches of the Order, into the Observant Friars Minor.
John C. Hartigan
John Christopher Hartigan (June 1, 1957 – November 7, 2024) was an American visual effects artist and special effects coordinator known for his work on Kill Bill, Hawaii Five-0, and Lilo & Stitch.

In 2014, Hartigan was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Special And Visual Effects In A Supporting Role for his work on the television program Hawaii Five-0. His nomination was shared with Armen V. Kevorkian, Alexander G. Soltes, Jane Sharvina, Rick Ramirez, Dan Lopez, Steve Graves, Andranik Taranyan and Chad Schott.

Hartigan died in Canyon Country, Santa Clarita, California on November 7, 2024, at the age of 67.

Canyon Country, Santa Clarita, California
Canyon Country is a neighborhood in the eastern part of the city of Santa Clarita, in northwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States. It lies along the Santa Clara River between the Sierra Pelona Mountains and the San Gabriel Mountains. It is the most populous of Santa Clarita's four neighborhoods.
Dziwle
Dziwle [ˈd͡ʑivlɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabica, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Grabica, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 30 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Utopia Glacier
Utopia Glacier (71°51′S 68°16′W﻿ / ﻿71.850°S 68.267°W﻿ / -71.850; -68.267) is a glacier in Antarctica encircled by Mariner Hill, Syrtis Hill, Natal Ridge, and Ares Cliff; the feature was named for Utopia Planitia on the planet Mars, which was the landing site of the NASA Viking 2 Lander Mission on 3 September 1976. This name was applied to the feature by members of the Mars Oasis Party who were searching for life on the glacier, much in the same manner as the satellite was on the planet Mars.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Utopia Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Syrtis Hill
Syrtis Hill (71°50′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°S 68.333°W﻿ / -71.833; -68.333) is a prominent snow-free conical terraced hill, rising to about 500 m, on the northwest corner of the Two Step Cliffs massif overlooking Viking Valley, in the southeast portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The hill is an important snow-free landmark and the site of biological and geological research. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1993 after Syrtis Major Planum, the prominent dark feature on the planet Mars, first described by the Dutch astronomer Huygens in 1659. This hill was most likely named in association with nearby Mars Glacier and Planet Heights.
James Phelan (American football)
James Michael Phelan (December 5, 1892 – November 14, 1974) was an American football player and coach of football and basketball.  He served as the head football coach at the University of Missouri (1920–1921), Purdue University (1922–1929), the University of Washington (1930–1941), and Saint Mary's College of California (1942–1947), compiling a career college football record of 137–87–14.

Phelan also coached the Los Angeles Dons of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1948 to 1949, the New York Yanks and Dallas Texans of the National Football League (NFL) in 1951 and 1952, tallying a professional football coaching record of 13–35–2. In addition, he was the head basketball coach at Saint Mary's for two seasons during World War II (1943–1945), where he amassed a record 10–11. Phelan played college football as a quarterback at the University of Notre Dame from 1915 to 1917. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1973.

Saint Mary's Gaels men's basketball
The Saint Mary's Gaels men's basketball team represents Saint Mary's College in Moraga, California, competing in the West Coast Conference of the NCAA. The team plays home games in the University Credit Union Pavilion, capacity 3,500; it is one of the smaller gyms in the WCC. Their head coach is Randy Bennett, who is the school's all-time wins leader. The Gaels have appeared in thirteen NCAA Tournaments—1959, 1989, 1997, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025.

On March 1, 2013, they were placed on probation by the NCAA for four years due to rules violations.

Their two historic rivals are the San Francisco Dons and the Santa Clara Broncos, two other Catholic schools in the San Francisco Bay Area that are in the WCC. More recently, the Saint Mary's Gaels have developed a rivalry with the Gonzaga University Bulldogs of Spokane, Washington.
Yoyetta subalpina
Yoyetta subalpina is a species of cicada, also known as the subalpine firetail, in the true cicada family, Cicadettinae subfamily and Cicadettini tribe. The species is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2019 by Australian entomologists David L. Emery, Nathan J. Emery and Lindsay Popple.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Valletta Cup
The Valletta Cup is a recurring Twenty20 International cricket tournament for associate members of the International Cricket Council in Europe. It is organised by the Malta Cricket Association, with the format being round-robin matches followed by a final; all matches are played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa, Malta. The first edition was held in 2019.

Czech Republic national cricket team
The Czech national cricket team, nicknamed the Lions, represents the Czech Republic in international cricket. The team is organised by the Czech Cricket Union which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000 and an associate member in 2017. The national side did not debut until 2006, when it played a series against Austria. It made its international tournament debut in 2008, at a Twenty20 tournament in Wales, and has since participated regularly in international events, including some organised by the European Cricket Council.
Donal Smith
Donal Ian Brice Smith (4 February 1934 – 27 September 2023) was a New Zealand middle-distance runner and English literature academic. He represented his country at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and 1960 Olympic Games, and was a professor of English at the University of Auckland from 1973 until his retirement in 2000.

New Zealand at the 1960 Summer Olympics
New Zealand at the 1960 Summer Olympics was represented by a team of 37 competitors, 33 men and four women, who took part in 28 events across nine sports. Selection of the team for the Games in Rome, Italy, was the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic and British Empire Games Association. New Zealand's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was Les Mills. Harold Austad was the team's Chef de Mission. The New Zealand team finished 14th on the medal table, winning a total of three medals, two of which were gold.
Up in the World
Up in the World is a 1956 black and white comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs and starring Norman Wisdom, Maureen Swanson and Jerry Desmonde. It was written by Jack Davies, Henty Blyth and Peter Blackmore, and produced by Rank.

The Rank Organisation
The Rank Organisation (founded as the J. Arthur Rank Organisation) was a British entertainment conglomerate founded in 1937 by industrialist J. Arthur Rank. It quickly became the largest and most vertically integrated film company in the United Kingdom, owning production, distribution, and exhibition facilities, as well as manufacturing projection equipment and chairs. It diversified into the manufacture of radios, TVs, and photocopiers (as one of the owners of Rank Xerox). The company name lasted until February 1996, when the name and some of the remaining assets were absorbed into the newly structured Rank Group plc. The company itself became a wholly owned subsidiary of Xerox and was renamed XRO Limited in 1997.

The company's logo, the Gongman, first used in 1935 by the group's distribution company, General Film Distributors and seen in the opening titles of the films, became a celebrated and enduring film emblem.
Union Village Covered Bridge
The Union Village Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Academy Road across the Ompompanoosuc River in Union Village, Thetford, Vermont.  Built in 1867, it is the state's longest 19th-century multiple kingpost truss bridge.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Joseph-Victor Leclerc
Joseph-Victor Leclerc (1789, in Paris – 1865) was a French scholar. He was professor of rhetoric at the lycée Charlemagne, then maître de conferences (equivalent to docent) at the École normale, then professor of Latin speech (éloquence latine) at the Faculté des lettres de Paris, then dean of that Faculté (1832–65) and finally a member of the Institut de France (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1834).

He produced an annotated edition of the works of Montaigne in 1826, translated Cicero in thirty volumes (1821–25). He also wrote les Journaux chez les Romains (1838), Discours sur l’état des lettres en France au XIVe s. (1865) and several articles for Histoire littéraire de la France, published by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
Bruce Nordstrom
Bruce Allen Nordstrom (October 1, 1933 – May 18, 2024) was an American billionaire businessman, and the chairman of the retailer Nordstrom, a company founded by his grandfather John W. Nordstrom. He ran the company from 1968 until 1995 and resumed his position as chairman in 2000 until 2006. He was a philanthropist in the Seattle community and appeared on the Forbes list of wealthiest people in 2012.

Nordstrom
Nordstrom, Inc. (/ˈnɔːrdstrəm/) is an American upmarket department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location opened in 1923. The growing chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including TJX and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).
Ivana Živković
Ivana Živković is a Croatian Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Assistant Administrator and Director, Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since September 2022. She is also the Director-General for Economic Affairs and Development Cooperation of Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia since 2020.

Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
An under-secretary-general of the United Nations (USG) is a senior official within the United Nations System, normally appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the secretary-general for a renewable term of four years. Under-secretary-general is the third highest rank in the United Nations, after the secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general. The rank is held by the heads of different UN entities, certain high officials of the United Nations Secretariat, and high-level envoys. The United Nations regards the rank as equal to that of a cabinet minister of a member state, and under-secretaries-general have diplomatic immunity under the UN Charter.
Catchwater drain
A catchwater drain is a man-made land drain, a ditch cut across the fall of the land, typically just above the level of low-lying, level ground such as The Fens of eastern England, where some land, tens of kilometres from the sea is at about sea level. Its purpose is to gather water draining from the higher, sloping ground before it reaches the flat land  whence it would be difficult or expensive to remove.  The water may be on the surface, in streams or in the ground before it is gathered, perhaps to be led away across the lowland by an embanked river.

There are other circumstances in which a catchwater may be employed.  A hill-top or hillside may be used to trap rainwater which is then gathered by the catchwater and fed to a reservoir. From this a house, village or town may be supplied. Catchwater may be used to slow down runoff before running on impervious surfaces to reduce runoff.

Impervious surface
Impervious surfaces are mainly artificial structures—such as pavements (roads, sidewalks, driveways and parking lots, as well as industrial areas such as airports, ports and logistics and distribution centres, all of which use considerable paved areas) that are covered by water-resistant materials such as asphalt, concrete, brick, stone—and rooftops. Soils compacted by urban development are also highly impervious.
Bankroll Mafia (album)
Bankroll Mafia is the eponymously titled debut studio album by American hip hop collective Bankroll Mafia, composed of American rappers T.I., Young Thug, Shad da God, PeeWee Roscoe, Lil Duke and London Jae. The album was issued on April 22, 2016, via Grand Hustle Records and Empire Distribution. The album features guest appearances from fellow Atlanta-based rappers Bankroll Fresh, Young Dro, Lil Yachty, 21 Savage and Yung Booke, as well as Quavo and Offset. The album was supported by two singles, "Bankrolls on Deck" and "Out My Face".

Young Dro
D'Juan Montrel Hart (born January 15, 1979), better known by his stage name Young Dro, is an American rapper. Best known for his association with fellow Atlanta-based rapper T.I., Dro signed with his label, Grand Hustle Entertainment, an imprint of Atlantic Records in 2003. His debut studio album, Best Thang Smokin' (2006), peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and was led by the single "Shoulder Lean" (featuring T.I.), which peaked within the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100. After several mixtapes, his second album, High Times (2013), was released through a joint venture with Grand Hustle and independent distributor Entertainment One Music; its lead single, "FDB", peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.

He has guest appeared on several Billboard Hot 100 entries for other artists, including "Ain't I" by Yung L.A. in 2008, "Nasty" by Bandit Gang Marco in 2014, and "Pricey" by J. Cole and Ari Lennox in 2024.
Open Era tennis records – Men's singles
The Open Era is the current era of professional tennis. It began in 1968 when the Grand Slam tournaments allowed professional players to compete with amateurs, ending the division that had persisted since the dawn of the sport in the 19th century. The first open tournament was the 1968 British Hard Court Championships held in April, followed by the inaugural open Grand Slam tournament, the 1968 French Open, a month later. Unless otherwise sourced, all records are based on data from the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), the International Tennis Federation (ITF), and the official websites of the four Grand Slam tournaments. All rankings-related records are based on ATP rankings, which began in 1973. The names of active players appear in boldface.

Last updated February 1, 2026

ATP rankings
The PIF ATP Rankings (previously known as the Pepperstone ATP Rankings) are the merit-based method used by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for determining the qualification for entry as well as the seeding of players in all singles and doubles tournaments. The first rankings for singles were published on 23 August 1973 while the doubles players were ranked for the first time on 1 March 1976. Ranking points are awarded according to the stage of tournament reached, and the prestige of the tournament, with the four Grand Slam tournaments awarding the most points. The rankings are updated every Monday, and points are dropped 52 weeks after being awarded (with the exception of the ATP Finals, from which points are dropped on the Monday following the last ATP Tour event of the following year). As of February 27,
2026, Carlos Alcaraz is the current men's singles world No. 1.
Federation of Korean Trade Unions
The Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) is a national trade union center in South Korea formed in 1960. It represents the company union tendency of the South Korean labour movement, as opposed to the more militant Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU).

After the May 16 coup in 1961, the Park Chung Hee regime dissolved the General Federation of Korean Trade Unions and its affiliates. The FKTU was placed under the guidance of the military authorities.

The FKTU was the sole legal trade union center in South Korea until the KCTU was recognized in November 1999. The Korean Government previously considered the KCTU as a terrorist organisation.

The FKTU is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.