hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Szarcz Lake
Szarcz Lake is a lake located in the Lubusz Lake District in the Zbąszyń Depression, in the Lubusz Voivodeship, in the Międzyrzecz County, Gmina Pszczew, at the northwestern edge of the village of Pszczew. The lake has been developed for tourism and recreation purposes. Numerous recreational buildings are located at the southeastern and western ends.

Gmina Pszczew
Gmina Pszczew is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Pszczew, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Międzyrzecz, 46 km (29 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and 62 km (39 mi) north of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 177.64 square kilometres (68.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 4,218.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Pszczew Landscape Park.
Xingming Observatory
Xingming Observatory (Chinese: 星明天文台; pinyin: xīng míng tiān wén tái) is a private amateur astronomical observatory located in Gangou Township, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China. The observatory was founded by amateur astronomer Gao Xing in 2007. The name "Xingming" is chosen partly to commemorate Zhou Xingming, a pioneer of amateur astronomy in China.

As of 2024, discoveries made by Xingming Observatory include 3 comets, 15 asteroids, 90 supernovae, 63 novae, and 111 dwarf novae.

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
Bourmont
Bourmont (French pronunciation: [buʁmɔ̃]) is a former commune in the Haute-Marne department in northeastern France. On 1 June 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourmont-entre-Meuse-et-Mouzon.

Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne (French pronunciation: [ot maʁn] ⓘ; English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France. Named after the river Marne, its prefecture is Chaumont. In 2019, it had a population of 172,512.
Alex Murrel
Alexandra Leah Murrel (born January 29, 1987) is an American singer and actress. She rose to stardom in the hit MTV reality show Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County as the tough, carefree character on the show. She's now focused on her music career and has just signed to Warner Bros. Records and has released singles such as "What's It To You", "Best Friend", and "Hello", which has been featured on Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. Now she studies at Chapman University.

Chapman University
Chapman University is a private research university in Orange, California, United States. Encompassing eleven colleges, the university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The school maintains its founding affiliations with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the United Church of Christ, but is a secular university.
Kolkata Leather Complex
The Kolkata Leather Complex is an industrial complex at Karaidanga, Bantala near East Kolkata, India. It is located 20 km from the central business district of Kolkata and has an area of about 4.5 square kilometres. It was conceived following a Supreme Court directive to relocate polluting tanneries and now encompasses approximately 500 individual units, handling 22 to 25 percent of India’s tanning output. The complex features dedicated infrastructure including a Common Effluent Treatment Plant, pumping stations, and utilities for consolidated waste management and environmental compliance.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Benefit principle
The benefit principle is a concept in the theory of taxation from public finance. It bases taxes to pay for public-goods expenditures on a politically-revealed willingness to pay for benefits received. The principle is sometimes likened to the function of prices in allocating private goods.  In its use for assessing the efficiency of taxes and appraising fiscal policy, the benefit approach was initially developed by Knut Wicksell (1896) and Erik Lindahl (1919), two economists of the Stockholm School. Wicksell's near-unanimity formulation of the principle was premised on a just income distribution. The approach was extended in the work of Paul Samuelson, Richard Musgrave, and others.  It has also been applied to such subjects as tax progressivity, corporation taxes, and taxes on property or wealth. The unanimity-rule aspect of Wicksell's approach in linking taxes and expenditures is cited as a point of departure for the study of constitutional economics in the work of James Buchanan.

Stockholm School (economics)
The Stockholm School (Swedish: Stockholmsskolan) is a school of economic thought. It refers to a loosely organized group of Swedish economists that worked together, in Stockholm, Sweden primarily in the 1930s.

The Stockholm School had come to the same conclusions about theories of demand and supply as John Maynard Keynes. Like Keynes, they were inspired by the works of Knut Wicksell, a Swedish economist active in the early years of the twentieth century.

William Barber's comment upon Gunnar Myrdal's work on monetary theory goes like this:

"If his contribution had been available to readers of English before 1936, it is interesting to speculate whether the 'revolution' in macroeconomic theory of the depression decade would be referred to as 'Myrdalian' as much as 'Keynesian'”
Neyha Sharma
Neyha Sharma  is an Indian actor, a spoken word artist and an entrepreneur. In 2023, She founded an agency named Smalltown Dreams Entertainment. She was active at a theater group in Shankar Market, Delhi and had done many plays. She holds a PG Diploma in Creative Photography as well and has learned from Raghu Rai. In 2018, her short film came out which was jointly released by Farhan Akhtar Feroz Abbas Khan and Population Foundation of India on YouTube. The film is directed by Ranjeeta Kaur and gathered over one millions views in a short span of time.

Feroz Abbas Khan
Feroz Abbas Khan is an Indian theatre and film director, playwright and screenwriter, who is most known for directing plays like Mughal-e-Azam, Saalgirah, Tumhari Amrita (1992), Salesman Ramlal and Mahatma v/s Gandhi.
Admiral K. Sangma
Admiral K. Sangma (1956/1957 – 1 February 2020) was an Indian politician and member of the Nationalist Congress Party. Sangma was a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from the Dalamgiri constituency in West Garo Hills district as Indian National Congress candidate in 1993 and 1998.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
Gartnait, Earl of Mar
Gartnait of Mar, Earl of Mar – Gartnait mac Domhnall, 8th Mormaer (or Earl) of Mar, was a Scottish noble during the first War of Scottish Independence (1296–1328). His name is sometimes rendered as Gartney or Gratney. A son of Domhnall I, Earl of Mar, and his wife, Elen ferch Llywelyn, Gartnait of Mar died in about 1305.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
7784 Watterson
7784 Watterson, provisional designation 1994 PL, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by American astronomer Timothy Spahr at the U.S. Catalina Station, Arizona, on 5 August 1994. The asteroid was named after cartoonist Bill Watterson.

Catalina Station
Catalina Station (CS), also known as Steward Observatory Catalina Station, is an astronomical observing facility located on Mount Bigelow in the Santa Catalina Mountains approximately 29 kilometers (18 miles) northeast of Tucson, Arizona. The site in the Coronado National Forest is used with special permission from the United States Forest Service (USFS) by the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona.
MLW Fightland
MLW Fightland is an annual professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held in 2018.

The 2018, 2020, and 2022 events were television tapings for MLW Fusion; while other matches from the 2022 event aired as part of MLW Underground Wrestling. The third event aired as a standalone special on October 7, 2021 on Vice TV, with additional matches taped for the MLW Fusion: Alpha miniseries.

Major League Wrestling
Major League Wrestling (MLW) is an American professional wrestling promotion based in New Rochelle, New York. The promotion was founded in 2002 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by former WWE writer Court Bauer. The promotion markets its product as "Hybrid Wrestling", with its roster featuring a mix of different wrestling styles.

The promotion originally ran live events until 2004, with these events seen on the television series, MLW Underground TV. MLW returned to promoting events in July 2017, and resumed weekly television programming with the premiere of MLW Fusion in April 2018.
Dexter Coffin Bridge
The Dexter Coffin Bridge is a crossing for Interstate 91 over the Connecticut River north of Hartford, Connecticut, connecting the towns of Windsor Locks, Connecticut and East Windsor, Connecticut.  It can be seen from the Windsor Locks Amtrak station.

East Windsor, Connecticut
East Windsor is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 11,190 at the 2020 census. The town has five villages: Broad Brook, Melrose, Scantic, Warehouse Point and Windsorville.
Abdou Diallo
Abdou-Lakhad Diallo (born 4 May 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Qatar Stars League club Umm Salal, on loan from Al-Arabi. Born in France, he plays for the Senegal national team.

Trophée des Champions
The Trophée des Champions (French pronunciation: [tʁɔ.fe de ʃɑ̃.pjɔ̃], lit. 'Champions' Trophy') is a French association football trophy contested in an annual match between the champions of Ligue 1 and the winners of the Coupe de France. It is equivalent to the super cups found in many other countries.
Saale-Elster Viaduct
The Saale-Elster Viaduct is a railway bridge along the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway in Central Germany. It was completed in 2013 and opened in 2015. The viaduct is 6,465 metres (21,211 ft) long and thereby the longest bridge in Germany and the longest high-speed rail bridge in Europe. It includes a branch of 2,112 metres (6,929 ft) length.

The prestressed concrete box girder bridge carries a Deutsche Bahn Intercity-Express (ICE) line over the extended floodplain at the confluence of the Saale and White Elster rivers, a natural habitat of wild fauna and flora south of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. The branch provides a connection to the parallel Halle–Bebra railway line.

Central Germany (cultural area)
Central Germany (German: Mitteldeutschland [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is an economic and cultural region in Germany. Its exact borders depend on context, but it is often defined as being a region within the federal states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, or a smaller part of this region, such as the metropolitan area of Leipzig and Halle plus the surrounding counties.

The name dates from the German Empire, when the region was approximately in the centre of the country. Since the German Empire's eastern territories became part of Poland and Russia in the aftermath of World War II, "Central Germany" has been located east of the centre of the country, but the name is still often used in business, media and by the Central German Metropolitan Region. Against this background, the term is not or no longer to be understood as a geographic term.
Daviesia dilatata
Daviesia dilatata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, open, glabrous shrub with scattered, often sickle-shaped phyllodes, and orange, red, yellow and dark crimson flowers.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Deflowered
Deflowered is the second studio album by American queercore band Pansy Division, released in 1994 on Lookout! Records.

The cover features a photograph of Mark Ewert (left) and Joey Smith (right), taken by Marc Geller. Ewert also appears on the cover of Pansy Division's 1996 album Wish I'd Taken Pictures and their 2016 album Quite Contrary.

Queercore
Queercore (or homocore) is a cultural/social movement that began in the mid-1980s as an offshoot of the punk subculture and a music genre that comes from punk rock. It is distinguished by its discontent with society in general, and specifically society's disapproval of the LGBTQ community. Queercore expresses itself in a DIY style through magazines, music, writing and film.

As a music genre, it may be distinguished by lyrics exploring themes of prejudice and dealing with issues such as sexual identity, gender identity and the rights of the individual; more generally, queercore bands offer a critique of society endemic to their position within it, sometimes in a light-hearted way, sometimes seriously. Musically, many queercore bands originated in the punk scene but the industrial music culture has been influential as well. Queercore groups encompass many genres such as hardcore punk, electropunk, indie rock, power pop, no wave, noise, experimental, industrial and others.
Christina Baily
Christina Baily (born 19 June 1981) is an English actress.

Hailing from Stockport, Christina studied sports science and drama at Manchester Metropolitan University before enrolling at ArtsEd in London, where she received an M.A. Christina starred as the lead in the Award Winning play 'Looking for JJ' with Pilot Theatre Company. She has gone on to play numerous roles in theatre and television. She appeared as Dannii Carbone in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks in February 2004, and quit the show in 2006. She made a brief return in June 2007. In 2015, Baily fronted an advertisement for Oral B Pro-Expert toothpaste.

Sports science
Sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body adapts during acute and long-term exercise, and how sports and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology (exercise physiology), psychology (sport psychology), anatomy, biomechanics (sports biomechanics), biochemistry, and kinesiology.
Belle Grove (Delaplane, Virginia)
Belle Grove is a historic home and farm located near Delaplane, Fauquier County, Virginia.  The manor house was built about 1812, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, brick and stuccoed stone house in the Federal style.  It has a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay summer kitchen, built about 1850, and connected to the main house by a hyphen.  Also on the property are the contributing meat house (c. 1812); the barn (c. 1830); a chicken house (c. 1900); a cattle shed (c. 1940); a loafing shed (c. 1940); machine shed (c. 1940); a four-foot square, stone foundation (c. 1812); stone spring house ruin (c. 1812); the Edmonds-Settle-Chappelear Cemetery (1826-1940); an eight-by-twelve-foot stone foundation (c. 1900); a tenant house ruin (c. 1900); a stone well at the manor house (c. 1812); and a loading chute (c. 1940).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Next Generation Air Transportation System
The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) was the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) program to modernize the National Airspace System (NAS). The FAA began work on NextGen improvements in 2007 and plans to finish implementation by 2030. Modernization goals in NextGen included using new technologies and procedures to increase NAS safety, efficiency, capacity, access, flexibility, predictability, and resilience while reducing aviation's environmental impact.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Aqarib
Aqarib (Arabic: عقارب), also known as Aqarib al-Safiyah (Arabic: عقارب الصافية), is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. It is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Hama and 17 kilometers (11 mi) east of Salamiyah, on the margin of the Syrian Desert. Nearby localities include Salamiyah and Tell al-Tut to the southwest, Uqayribat to the southeast and Sabburah to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Aqarib had a population of 3,830 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismailis.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Paratene Matchitt
Paratene Temokopuorongo Matchitt (10 August 1933 – 19 July 2021) was a New Zealand sculptor and painter, known for combining traditional Māori art forms with those of modernist art. His work also references events from New Zealand history, particularly the Māori prophetic movements of the nineteenth century and most specifically Te Kooti.

Te Kooti
Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki (c. 1832–1893) was a Māori leader and guerrilla fighter who was the founder of the Ringatū religion.

While fighting alongside government forces against the Hauhau in 1865, he was accused of spying. Exiled to the Chatham Islands without trial along with captured Hauhau, he experienced visions and became a religious leader. In 1868 he led the escape of 168 prisoners, seizing the schooner Rifleman and sailing back to the North Island where he began a series of raids. A resultant military reprisal campaign became known as Te Kooti's War. He was pardoned in 1883 but continued to be active in spreading the Ringatū message of peace and reclaiming land from European settlers.
El-Farouk Khaki
El-Farouk Khaki (born October 26, 1963) is a Tanzanian-born Muslim Canadian of Indian origin who is a refugee and immigration lawyer, and human rights activist on issues including gender equality, sexual orientation, and progressive Islam. He was the New Democratic Party's candidate for the House of Commons in the riding of Toronto Centre in a March 17, 2008 by-election. Khaki came in second with 13.8% of the vote.

Indians in Tanzania
Indian Tanzanians constitute a significant minority within the demographic landscape of Tanzania, over 60,000 Tanzanian citizens of Indian descent reside in the country. Many among them are wealthy traders and entrepreneurs, and despite forming only 0.2% of the population, they are considered by the Hindu Council of Tanzania to have disproportionate ownership of Tanzanian companies. Indians also have a long history in Tanzania, starting with the arrival of Gujarati traders, and they gradually came to control the trade in Zanzibar. Several buildings from that period still stand in Stone Town, the primary trading center on the island.