hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anderson impurity model
The Anderson impurity model, named after Philip Warren Anderson, is a Hamiltonian that is used to describe magnetic impurities embedded in metals. 
It is often applied to the description of Kondo effect-type problems, such as heavy fermion systems and Kondo insulators. In its simplest form, the model contains a term describing the kinetic energy of the conduction electrons, a two-level term with an on-site Coulomb repulsion that models the impurity energy levels, and a hybridization term that couples conduction and impurity orbitals. For a single impurity, the Hamiltonian takes the form

,

where the  operator is the annihilation operator of a conduction electron, and  is the annihilation operator for the impurity,  is the conduction electron wavevector, and  labels the spin. The on–site Coulomb repulsion is , and  gives the hybridization.

Wave vector
In physics, a wave vector (or wavevector) is a vector used in describing a wave, with a typical unit being cycle per metre. It has a magnitude and direction. Its magnitude is the wavenumber of the wave (inversely proportional to the wavelength), and its direction is perpendicular to the wavefront.  In isotropic media, this is also the direction of wave propagation.

A closely related vector is the angular wave vector (or angular wavevector), with a typical unit being radian per metre.  The wave vector and angular wave vector are related by a fixed constant of proportionality, 2π radians per cycle.

It is common in several fields of physics to refer to the angular wave vector simply as the wave vector, in contrast to, for example, crystallography.  It is also common to use the symbol k for whichever is in use.

In the context of special relativity, a wave four-vector can be defined, combining the (angular) wave vector and (angular) frequency.
George Collins (Nova Scotia politician)
George Collins (January 17, 1771 – May 6, 1813) was a mariner, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Queens County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1806 to 1813.

He was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, the son of Benajah Collins and Susanna Tracey. In 1794, Collins married Lydia, the daughter of Joseph Barss. Collins lobbied for the construction of the lighthouse on Coffin's Island, built in 1811. He died in Liverpool, Nova Scotia at the age of 42.

East Haddam, Connecticut
East Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 8,875 at the time of the 2020 census. It includes summer resorts, historical sites, and natural areas.
Penn State University Press
The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. Established in 1956, it is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania State University and is a division of the Penn State University Library system.

Penn State University Press publishes books and journals of interest to scholars and general audiences. As a part of a land-grant university with a mandate to serve the citizens of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, it also specializes in works about Penn State University, Pennsylvania, and the mid-Atlantic region. The areas of scholarship the Press is best known for are art history, medieval studies, Latin American studies, rhetoric and communication, religious studies, and graphic medicine.

The press produces about 80 books a year and over 60 journals. The Press employs 25 to 30 people, and has several internship programs for Penn State students interested in a publishing career.

Commonwealth (U.S. state)
Commonwealth is a term used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. "Commonwealth" is a traditional English term used to describe a political community as having been founded for the common good, and shares some similarities with the Latin phrase "res publica" ('the public thing'), which ultimately is the origin of the word "republic".

The "commonwealth" appellation is merely stylistic and carries no legal or political significance. The four states that use this term are all in the Eastern United States, and prior to the formation of the United States in 1776 were British colonial possessions (at the time, Kentucky was a part of colonial Virginia). As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions.
Kacper Gondek
Kacper Gondek (5 January 1993 - 26 January 2018) was a Polish slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 2008 to 2015.

He competed in C1 and C2 and had success in both categories at the junior and under-23 level, winning three silver medals at the World Championships (C1 Junior: 2010, C1 team Junior: 2010 and C1 team U23: 2013). His C2 partner was Wojciech Pasiut.

Kacper died on 26 January 2018 after succumbing to cancer.

His brother Kamil Gondek is also a former successful junior slalom canoeist from 2007 to 2010.

Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.

Carcinomas occur when the DNA of a cell is damaged or altered and the cell begins to grow uncontrollably and becomes malignant.

The word is derived from the Greek: καρκίνωμα, romanized: karkinoma, lit. 'sore, ulcer, cancer' (itself derived from karkinos meaning crab).
Rotenoid
Rotenoids are naturally occurring substances containing a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene nucleus. Many have insecticidal and piscicidal activity, such as the prototypical member of the family, rotenone.  Rotenoids are related to the isoflavones.

Piscicide
A piscicide is a chemical substance which is poisonous to fish. The primary use for piscicides is to eliminate a dominant species of fish in a body of water, as the first step in attempting to populate the body of water with a different fish. They are also used to combat parasitic and invasive species of fish.

Examples of piscicides include rotenone, saponins, TFM, niclosamide and Antimycin A (Fintrol).
Alex Jeffery
Alexander Haley Jeffery (29 January 1909 – 11 May 1987) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in London, Ontario and became a barrister by career.

Jeffery was educated at the University of Western Ontario and at Osgoode Hall Law School. He achieved a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and political science.

He was first elected to Parliament at the London riding in the 1949 general election and served only one term, in the 21st Canadian Parliament, and did not seek re-election in the 1953 election.

Jeffery also held various corporate directorships.

1953 Canadian federal election
The 1953 Canadian federal election was held on August 10, 1953, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 22nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent led his Liberal Party of Canada to its second consecutive majority government, although the party lost seats to the other parties.

The Progressive Conservative Party, led by former Premier of Ontario, George Drew, formed the official opposition, but for the last time until 1993, the party was unable to win the popular vote in any of Canada's provinces or territories.

This was the last election until 1988 in which any party won back-to-back majorities, and the last until 1997 in which the Liberals would accomplish this feat. This election is the last time that the Liberals would win more seats in Alberta than the largest right-of-centre party in Canada, and the last time they would win more seats than the Tories in Alberta until 1993.
Atsuko Tanaka (animator)
Atsuko Tanaka (田中 敦子, Tanaka Atsuko) is a Japanese animator. She has been involved with TMS Entertainment and many of Studio Ghibli's works. She is a member of the Japanese Animation Creators Association (JAniCA).

She is best known for her work on Lupin the Third, Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland, Animaniacs, Princess Mononoke, The New Batman Adventures, Spirited Away, Sonic X, Howl's Moving Castle, Ponyo, Belle, and The Boy and the Heron. In addition to her film work, Tanaka became a freelance animator in the early 2000s, working with studios such as Studio Chizu and Studio Ponoc after her long tenure at Telecom Animation Film.  This shift allowed her to contribute to newer generations of Japanese animation, broadening her range beyond the classic films of the 1990s and 2000s. As a veteran animator in a male-dominated industry, her continued freelance work illustrated the evolving role and recognition of female creators in Japanese animation.

Japanese Animation Creators Association
The Japanese Animation Creators Association (日本アニメーター・演出協会, Nippon Animētā Enshutsu Kyōkai) or JAniCA, is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving working conditions for workers in the anime industry. The group was formed in June 2007.
Denizli (electoral district)
Denizli is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects seven members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Caeliomontanus
Caeliomontanus is an ancient Roman cognomen. Notable people with this cognomen include:

Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 469 BC), Roman politician

Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 494 BC), Roman politician

Spurius Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Roman consul

Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 448 BC), Roman consul

Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 496 BC), Roman consul

Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 494 BC)
Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (fl. c. 494–486 BC) was a Roman Republican politician and general of the gens Verginia. He served as a Roman consul in 494 BC together with Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
Nonfirstorderizability
In formal logic, nonfirstorderizability is the inability of a natural-language statement to be adequately captured by a formula of first-order logic.  Specifically, a statement is nonfirstorderizable if there is no formula of first-order logic which is true in a model if and only if the statement holds in that model. Nonfirstorderizable statements are sometimes presented as evidence that first-order logic is not adequate to capture the nuances of meaning in natural language.

The term was coined by George Boolos in his paper "To Be is to Be a Value of a Variable (or to Be Some Values of Some Variables)".
Willard Van Orman Quine argued that such sentences call for second-order symbolization, which can be interpreted as plural quantification over the same domain as first-order quantifiers use, without postulation of distinct "second-order objects" (properties, sets, etc.).

Glossary of mathematical jargon
The language of mathematics has a wide vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand for rigorous arguments or precise ideas. Much of this uses common English words, but with a specific non-obvious meaning when used in a mathematical sense.

Some phrases, like "in general",  appear below in more than one section.
Christian–Essene origin theory
Christian–Essene origin theory is a set of minority hypotheses claiming that early Christianity emerged from or was decisively shaped by Essene traditions preserved in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Modern discussion began with Edmund Wilson's 1955 reporting on the scroll discoveries and expanded through writers such as John M. Allegro, Robert Eisenman, and Barbara Thiering, who interpreted Qumran texts as templates for New Testament narratives.

Advocates highlight convergences in communal discipline, ritual practice, and eschatological vocabulary, and some advance direct identifications between Qumran figures and Christian scriptures, including contested claims about the fragment 7Q5. Mainstream Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship situates these parallels within wider Second Temple Judaism and rejects the derivation of Christianity from Essene sources.

José O'Callaghan Martínez
José O'Callaghan Martínez, SJ (October 7, 1922 – December 15, 2001)  was a Spanish Jesuit priest,  papyrologist and Biblical scholar.

He is known for his extensive work on Christian papyri and for the identification of the 7Q5 papyrus of Qumran with a text of Mark 6:52–53.
Ryan Spain
Ryan Spain (born October 11, 1982) is a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 73rd district which includes parts of Bureau, Marshall, Peoria, Rock Island, Stark and Whiteside counties in west central Illinois.

Woodford County, Illinois
Woodford County is a county located in the state of Illinois. The 2020 United States census listed its population at 38,467. Its county seat is Eureka. Woodford County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area. Its name comes from General William Woodford, an officer of the American Revolutionary War who served at the brutal military encampment at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
Major Jones
Major James Brooks Jones (born July 9, 1953) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the NBA and other leagues. Born in McGehee, Arkansas, he played college basketball for the Albany State Golden Rams.

He was drafted by the American Basketball Association (ABA) in 1974 by the San Diego Conquistadors, and in 1976 by the National Basketball Association's Portland Trail Blazers. Jones played for the Allentown Jets of the Eastern Basketball Association from 1976 to 1978. He was selected as the EBA Rookie of the Year in 1977 and named to the All-EBA Second Team in 1977 and 1978.

Jones' brothers Wil (born 1947), Caldwell (born 1950) and Charles (born 1957) all played at Albany State and in the NBA.

San Diego Conquistadors
The San Diego Conquistadors (known as the San Diego Sails in their final, partial season) were a professional basketball team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the American Basketball Association (ABA). The "Q's", as they were popularly known, played from 1972 to 1975. As the Sails, they played an incomplete season only, beginning the 1975–1976 season but folding after only 11 games with 3 wins and 8 losses.
Siblu
Siblu (formerly Haven Europe) owns and operates 23 large family holiday parks in France and the Netherlands. Siblu's holiday parks are located across Normandy, the Brittany coastline, the west of France, the Loire Valley, the Mediterranean coast, Zeeland and the Wadden Sea. The parks have Dutch, French and English speaking staff and the facilities are aimed at families with a mix of accommodation such as mobile homes and chalets.

The sites are mainly classified 4 stars.

Siblu has two distinct activities: the rental of short or long stays in mobil-homes; The sale of mobile homes on its villages via an integrated turnkey offer, with the possibility of including rental management.

The Rank Group
The Rank Group plc is a gambling company based in the United Kingdom. Rank was involved in the cinema and motion picture industry until 2006, and continues to use the Gongman logo originally used by the Rank Organisation's film distribution subsidiary General Film Distributors.  Its brands now include Mecca Bingo, and Grosvenor Casinos, the UK's largest casino operator.

Rank's principal market and headquarters are in the United Kingdom, where it operates Grosvenor Casinos (56 casinos), Mecca Bingo (96 bingo clubs) and Rank Interactive (online gaming and betting). It also operates additional Grosvenor Casinos clubs in Belgium (two casinos), and Rank España in Spain (10 bingo clubs).

Rank is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Trisol Music Group
The Trisol Music Group, GmbH (or Trisol), is a German business group and record label headquartered in Dieburg. Owning multiple sublabels, they specialize in producing musical works pertaining to darkwave, dark folk, gothic rock, deathrock, ethereal wave and other gothic genres of music. (Though there are exceptions to this, as Trisol also publishes for musical artists who perform black metal, synthpop, noise music, EBM, Neue Deutsche Härte, dark ambient, neofolk, horror punk, experimental, etc.)  In general they are considered a major European label for works within the realm of Dark Alternative music.

Dieburg
Dieburg (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a small city in southern Hesse, Germany. It was the seat of the district ("Kreis") of Dieburg until 1977, when it became part of the new district of Darmstadt-Dieburg.
Chirinos
Chirinos is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arsenio Chirinos (1934–2015), Venezuelan cyclist

Benigno Chirinos (born 1950), Peruvian labor union leader and politician

Edmundo Chirinos (1935–2013), Venezuelan psychiatrist, academic, politician, and convicted murderer

Eduardo Chirinos (1960–2016), Peruvian writer and poet

Javier Chirinos (born 1960), Peruvian footballer and manager

Juan Carlos Chirinos (born 1967), Venezuelan writer

Mario Chirinos (born 1978), Honduran footballer

Manuel Bonilla Chirinos (1849–1913), Honduran general

Michaell Chirinos (born 1995), Honduran professional footballer

Patricia Chirinos (born 1975), Peruvian journalist and politician

Robinson Chirinos (born 1984), Venezuelan profession baseball catcher

Víctor Chirinos (born 1941), Venezuelan cyclist

Yonny Chirinos (born 1993), Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher

Eduardo Chirinos
Eduardo Alejandro Chirinos Arrieta (4 April 1960 – 17 February 2016) was a Peruvian professor of literature at the University of Montana, and a poet. He received the Premio Casa de América de Poesía Americana in 2001.
Richard E. Holz
Richard E Holz (30 October 1914 – August 15, 1986), was an American brass band composer, served as Chaplain to the U.S. Army Air Forces in New Guinea, Philippines and Japan.  He married Ruby Walker in 1941. After the war, Holz was active in the Salvation Army as a commissioner. He was the head of its Eastern Territorial Music Department and served as bandmaster of the New York Staff Band for 18 years. In 1971, he was appointed chief secretary in Australia and New Guinea. In 1974, he was appointed commander of the western Territory and in 1982, commander of the Central Territory.

Brass band
A brass band is a musical ensemble generally consisting primarily of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands (particularly in the context of New Orleans and Japan–style brass bands), but may be more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, or "brass and reed" bands.
Christmas on a Rational Planet
Christmas on a Rational Planet is an original novel written by Lawrence Miles and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Seventh Doctor, Chris and Roz.

It also contains the first casual reference to the Faction Paradox, which become an important element in the BBC books Eighth Doctor Adventures and subsequent spin-off series, and an explicit explanation that the mark carried by the Third Doctor during his exile on Earth was a branding used to distinguish criminals by the Time Lords (in reality, this mark was a tattoo of a cobra that Jon Pertwee picked up while serving in the Royal Navy).

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Dancer in a Café
Dancer in a Café (also known as Danseuse au café or Au Café Concert and Danseuse) is an oil painting created in 1912 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger. The work was created while Metzinger and Albert Gleizes, in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or, were publishing, Du "Cubisme", the first major defense of the Cubist movement, and it was first displayed (under the title Danseuse) at the 1912 Salon d'Automne in Paris. The work proved controversial within the Municipal Council of Paris, causing debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to exhibit such 'barbaric' art, with the Cubists being defended by the Socialist deputy Marcel Sembat.

Dancer in a Café was first reproduced in a photograph published in an article entitled Au Salon d'Automne "Les Indépendants" in the French newspaper Excelsior, 2 Octobre 1912. The painting is now located at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo New York.

Henri Le Fauconnier
Henri Victor Gabriel Le Fauconnier (French: [fɔkɔnje]; July 5, 1881 – December 25, 1946) was a French Cubist painter born in Hesdin. Le Fauconnier was seen as one of the leading figures among the Montparnasse Cubists. At the 1911 Salon des Indépendants Le Fauconnier and colleagues Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay caused a scandal with their Cubist paintings. He was in contacts with many European avant-garde artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, writing a theoretical text for the catalogue of the Neue Künstlervereinigung in Munich, of which he became a member. His paintings were exhibited in Moscow reproduced as examples of the latest art in Der Blaue Reiter Almanach (The Blue Rider Almanac).
Stefan Stoyke
Stefan Stoyke (born 23 March 1972) is a former German professional darts player currently playing in Professional Darts Corporation events.

Nicknamed "The Calm", Stoyke narrowly missed out on qualifying for the 2017 PDC World Darts Championship, when he lost the German qualifier to Dragutin Horvat.

In 2017, he qualified for the 2017 German Darts Masters, where he lost 6–3 in the first round to Raymond van Barneveld. In 2018, he qualified as a German Superleague qualifier for the 2018 German Darts Masters in the 2018 World Series of Darts.

2017 German Darts Masters (World Series of Darts)
The 2017 German Darts Masters was the inaugural staging of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation, as the seventh and last entry in the 2017 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight PDC players facing eight regional qualifiers) and was held at the Castello Arena in Düsseldorf, Germany between 20–21 October 2017.

Peter Wright won his first World Series title after defeating Phil Taylor 11–4 in the final, after surviving one match dart each in his first round and quarter-final game.