hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Travel bans under the Trump administrations
As the president of the United States, Donald Trump has taken several executive actions restricting entry into the United States by certain foreign nationals. His first-term travel bans affected 7 of the 49 Muslim-majority countries, were challenged in court, and were criticized by his opponents as targeting Muslim nationals.

Most were subsequently revoked by Joe Biden in 2021. In January 2025, during his second term, Trump signed an executive order aimed at developing new travel restrictions for national security. A second travel ban went into effect on June 9, 2025.

HateAid
HateAid is a nonprofit limited liability company based in Berlin that provides advice and support to those affected by online hate speech and hate comments. The organisation is independent and non-partisan. It was founded in 2018 by the non-governmental organisations Campact and Fearless Democracy together with Anna-Lena von Hodenberg and is managed by Hodenberg and Josephine Ballon. Both were sanctioned by the Trump administration in 2025, along with three other Europeans, for "egregious acts of extraterritorial censorship.”
HateAid is an organisation committed to human rights on the internet and to raising awareness of the dangers to democracy and freedom of expression in the digital space for society as a whole.
Gandhi Smriti railway station
Gandhi Smriti railway station is a small railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. Gandhi Smriti railway station is 3 km away from Navsari railway station. Passenger and MEMU trains halt here.

Dandi, Navsari
Dandi is a village in the Jalalpore taluka, Navsari District, Gujarat, India.  It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea near the city of Navsari.

The village got into worldwide prominence in 1930, when Mahatma Gandhi selected it to be the destination for the Salt March. He marched from Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) to Dandi (Navsari) with some of his followers to protest against the imposition of a tax on salt by the British Raj. Thousands of people participated, travelling on foot for 24 days from Ahmedabad to Dandi.

The Government of India initiated plans to develop the Sabarmati-Dandi stretch as a tourist hub. In 2019 the National Salt Satyagraha Memorial to commemorate the Salt March of the Indian Independence Movement was opened in the village.
Bartholomew Burghersh the elder
Bartholomew Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh (died 3 August 1355, Dover), called "the elder", was an English nobleman and soldier, a younger son of Robert Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh and Maud Badlesmere, sister of Bartholomew Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere. He was the father of Bartholomew Burghersh the younger.

Bartholomew Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere
Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (18 August 1275 – 14 April 1322) was an English soldier, diplomat, member of parliament, landowner and nobleman. He was the son and heir of Sir Gunselm de Badlesmere (died ca. 1301) and Joan FitzBernard. He fought in the English army both in France and Scotland during the later years of the reign of Edward I of England and the earlier part of the reign of Edward II of England. He was executed after participating in an unsuccessful rebellion led by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster.
Optical Waves in Layered Media
Optical Waves in Layered Media is a textbook for optics courses in electrical engineering or applied physics. The book focuses on physics theory more than practical application. General topical coverage is divided into five parts beginning with electromagnetic theory. It then covers isotropic layered thin films, anisotropic and inhomogeneous media including crystals and birefringence, and guided waves using layered media. 
Currently, with more than 5,500 citations, this book is highly cited. The book was first published by John Wiley & Sons in 1988 and has been reprinted several times, with the last reprint in 2005.

The book is written by physicist Pochi Yeh, who received his PhD in 1971 from the California Institute of Technology. He then obtained a position at Rockwell International Science Center in Thousand Oaks, California. In 1989 he became a member of the faculty at UC Santa Barbara.

Thousand Oaks, California
Thousand Oaks is the second-largest city in Ventura County, California, located in the northwestern part of Greater Los Angeles. Approximately 15 miles (24 km) from the city of Los Angeles and 40 miles (64 km) from Downtown Los Angeles, it is named after the many oak trees present in the area.

The city forms the central populated core of the Conejo Valley. Thousand Oaks was incorporated in 1964 and has since expanded to the west and east. Two-thirds of the master-planned community surrounding Westlake and most of Newbury Park were annexed by the city during the late 1960s and 1970s. The Los Angeles County–Ventura County line forms the city's eastern border with the city of Westlake Village. The population was 126,966 at the 2020 census, up from 126,683 at the 2010 census.
Kunoichi
Kunoichi (Japanese: くノ一, also くのいち or クノイチ) is a Japanese term for "female" (女, onna). In popular culture, it is often used for female ninja or practitioner of ninjutsu (ninpo). The term was largely popularized by novelist Futaro Yamada in his novel Ninpō Hakkenden (忍法八犬伝) in 1964.

Although kunoichi have appeared in numerous creative works, including novels, TV-dramas, movies, and manga, Mie University historians have concluded that there are no historical records of female ninja performing reconnaissance and subversive activities in the same manner as their male counterparts. However, the late 17th century ninja handbook Bansenshukai describes a technique called kunoichi-no-jutsu (くノ一の術, "the ninjutsu of a female") in which a female is used for infiltration and information-gathering, which Seiko Fujita considered evidence of female ninja activity.

No (kana)
No (hiragana: の, katakana: ノ) are Japanese kana, both representing one mora. In the gojūon system of ordering of Japanese morae, it occupies the 25th position, between ね (ne) and は (ha). It occupies the 26th position in the iroha ordering.  Both represent the sound [no]. The katakana form is written similar to the Kangxi radical 丿, radical 4.
Bryan W. Simon
Bryan W. Simon is a stage, film director and writer from Waukegan, Illinois. He directed his first professional stage play at 17, the regional tour of a children's show entitled Jack and The Wishing Beans, for the Roundtree Players.

Waukegan, Illinois
Waukegan (/wəˈkiːɡən/ wə-KEE-ghən) is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located 36 miles (58 km) north of Chicago, Waukegan is a satellite city within the greater Chicago metropolitan area.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 89,321, making it the most populous city in Lake County, the seventh-most populous city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the 10th-most populous city in Illinois. However, unlike nearby wealthy North Shore suburbs, Waukegan has long been classified by the Illinois state government as overall "socioeconomically distressed" despite having some middle class inhabitants.
2014 Finnish Cup
The 2014 Finnish Cup (Suomen Cup) is the 60th season of the Finnish Cup. 152 clubs entered the competition, including all sides on the top two levels of the Finnish football pyramid (Veikkausliiga and Ykkönen), 29 sides from Kakkonen and 101 from lower levels. The winner of the cup enters the qualifying rounds of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.

Finnish Cup
The Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen cup; Swedish: Finlands cup) is Finland's main national cup competition in football. This yearly competition is open for all member clubs of the FA of Finland and has been played since 1955.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League.
Nemosia
Nemosia is a genus of South American birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 with the hooded tanager as the type species. The name Nemosia is from the Ancient Greek nemos meaning "glade" or "dell".

Louis Pierre Vieillot
Louis Pierre Vieillot (French pronunciation: [lwi pjɛʁ vjɛjo]; 10 May 1748 in Yvetot – 24 August 1830 in Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist.

Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collected himself in the West Indies, as well as North American and South American species discovered but not formally named by Félix de Azara and his translator Sonnini de Manoncourt. He was among the first ornithologists to study changes in plumage and one of the first to study live birds. At least 88 of the genera erected by Vieillot are still in use.
Penn's Rocks
Penn's Rocks is a 10.2-hectare (25-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Crowborough in East Sussex.

This site is a steep sided valley on sandstone with many mosses and liverworts, which is a nationally rare habitat. Uncommon species include Orthodontium gracile, Bazzania trilobata, Saccogyna viticulosa and Harpanthus scutatus.

This site is in four separate areas. A footpath runs through one of them but the others are private land.

Crowborough
Crowborough is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England, in the Weald at the edge of Ashdown Forest and the highest town in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is located 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Royal Tunbridge Wells and 33 miles (53 km)  south of London. It had a population of 21,688 at the 2021 Census, making it the second largest town in inland East Sussex after Hailsham.

The highest point in the town is 242 m (794 ft) above sea level, making it the second highest point in East Sussex after Ditchling Beacon.
Iki no Hakatoko no Sho
Iki no Hakatoko no Sho (伊吉博徳書; "The Document of Iki no Hakatoko") is a historical Japanese record written by Iki no Hakatoko. Composed late in the 7th century, the record is primarily known for being used as a reference in the composition of Nihon Shoki as well as for being the oldest Japanese travel record. It is no longer extant.

Iwanami Shoten
Iwanami Shoten, Publishers (株式会社岩波書店, Kabushiki Gaisha Iwanami Shoten) is a Japanese publishing company based in Tokyo.

Iwanami Shoten was founded in 1913 by Iwanami Shigeo. Its first major publication was Natsume Sōseki's novel Kokoro, which appeared as a book in 1914 after being serialized in the Asahi Shimbun. Iwanami has since become known for scholarly publications, editions of classical Japanese literature, dictionaries, and high-quality paperbacks. Since 1955, it has published the Kōjien, a single-volume dictionary of Japanese that is widely considered to be authoritative.

Iwanami's head office is at Hitotsubashi 2–5–5, Chiyoda, Tokyo.
Rodeo Romeo
Rodeo Romeo is the 15th album by country singer Moe Bandy, released in 1981 on the Columbia label. It was recorded at Sound Emprium "B", CBS recording studio "A" and mastered at the CBS Recording Studio on the CBS DisComputer System, Nashville, TN. by M. C. Rather.

Moe Bandy
Marion Franklin "Moe" Bandy Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer. He was most popular during the 1970s, when he had several hit songs, both alone and as part of a duo with Joe Stampley.
Boissonade
Boissonade is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, (1774–1857), French classical scholar

Gustave Emile Boissonade de Fontarabie, (1825–1910), French legal scholar, responsible for drafting much of Japan's civil code

Gustave Boissonade
Gustave Émile Boissonade de Fontarabie (7 June 1825 – 27 June 1910) was a French legal scholar, responsible for drafting Japan's penal code during the Meiji era, and honored as one of the founders of modern Japan's legal system.
2019 NCAA Division I softball season
The 2019 NCAA Division I Softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began February 7, 2019. The season will progress through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and will conclude with the 2019 NCAA Division I softball tournament and 2019 Women's College World Series. The Women's College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament will be held annually in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium, will end in June 2019.

UCLA Bruins softball
The UCLA Bruins softball team represents the University of California, Los Angeles in NCAA Division I softball. The Bruins are among the most decorated programs in NCAA softball, leading all schools in NCAA championships with 12, 13 overall Women's College World Series championships, championship game appearances with 22, WCWS appearances with 36, and NCAA Tournament wins with 187.
Deaths in December 2018
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2018.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Timothy C. May
Timothy C. May, better known as Tim May (December 21, 1951 – December 13, 2018), was an American technical and political writer, and electronic engineer and senior scientist at Intel. May was also the founder of the crypto-anarchist movement. He retired from Intel in 1986 at age 35 and died of natural causes at his home on December 13, 2018 at age 66.
Globe (ship)
Several ships have been named Globe:

Globe (1611 ship) was an English sailing ship that was operated by the East India Company. By 1611 it had already completed 7 voyages to the East Indies.

Globe (1809 ship) was launched at Virginia and served as a Baltimore-based privateer during the War of 1812. She captured 14 ships and had several engagements, including a three-hour action with an Algerine sloop of war.

Globe (1810 ship) was launched at Scarborough and in 1818-1819 transported convicts to New South Wales; she was wrecked in 1824.

Globe (1815 whaleship), of Nantucket, Massachusetts, was launched in 1815. In 1824 her crew mutinied, but eventually most of the mutineers were killed or captured, and the vessel itself returned to her owners' hands; she continued to whale until about 1828.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
Paul LaPolice
Paul LaPolice (born June 12, 1970) is an American football coach who is the head coach of the Canadian men's national flag football team. He is also a broadcaster for TSN.

He has also served as the head coach for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion as an assistant coach, with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 2007 and with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 2019.

The Sports Network
The Sports Network (TSN) is a Canadian English language discretionary sports specialty channel owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN Inc. (20%). TSN was established by the Labatt Brewing Company in 1984 as part of the first group of Canadian specialty cable channels. In 2013, TSN was the largest specialty channel in Canada in terms of gross revenue, with a total of CA$400.4 million in revenue.

TSN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located at Bell Media Agincourt in the Scarborough neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario. Stewart Johnston currently serves as president of TSN, a position he has held since 2010. TSN's networks focus on sports-related programming, including live and recorded event telecasts, sports talk shows, and other original programming.
Apex Mountain (Okanogan County, Washington)
Apex Mountain is an 8,302-foot (2,530-metre) summit located in Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a sub-range of the North Cascades. The mountain is situated 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of the Canada–United States border, on the east side of the Cascade crest, in the Pasayten Wilderness, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Amphitheater Mountain, 2.35 miles (3.78 km) to the west-northwest. The Pacific Northwest Trail traverses the northern slopes of Apex Mountain as it crosses Apex Pass. Precipitation runoff from Apex Mountain drains west into Cathedral Creek, or east into Tungsten Creek, both tributaries of the Chewuch River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,200 feet (370 meters) above Tungsten Lake in 0.3 mile (0.5 km).

Okanogan County, Washington
Okanogan County (/ˌoʊkəˈnɑːɡən/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington along the Canada–U.S. border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,104. The county seat is Okanogan, while the most populous city is Omak. It is the largest county by area in the state.

About a fifth of the county's residents live in the Greater Omak Area. The county forms a portion of the Okanogan Country. The first county seat was Ruby, which has now been a ghost town for more than 100 years.

Okanogan County was formed out of Stevens County in February 1888. The name derives from the Okanagan language place name ukʷnaqín. The name Okanogan (Okanagan) also refers to a part of southern British Columbia.
Rotating savings and credit association
A rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) is a group of individuals who agree to meet for a defined period in order to save and borrow together, a form of combined peer-to-peer banking and peer-to-peer lending. Members all chip in regularly and take turns withdrawing accumulated sums.

Economist F. J. A. Bouman described ROSCAs as "the poor man's bank, where money is not idle for long but changes hands rapidly, satisfying both consumption and production needs."

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
Pretty Little Liars (novel series)
Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls—Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields.

The novels appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for 62 weeks. The series spawned a media franchise with a television series adaptation loosely based on the novels which debuted on June 8, 2010, on ABC Family. The franchise has been licensed by Amazon.com's Kindle Worlds range of non-canon ebooks.

Kindle Worlds
Kindle Worlds was a publisher service of the online retailer Amazon, devoted to providing a commercial venue for fan fiction creations of specific licensed media properties. It was established on May 22, 2013, as part of Amazon Publishing. In August 2018, Amazon shut down the Kindle Worlds website.

The purpose of this service was to publish fan fiction stories of certain licensed media properties to be sold in the Kindle Store with terms including 35% of net sales for works of 10,000 words or more and 20% for short fiction ranging from 5000 to 10,000 words.

Stories hosted on the service were required to abide by some restrictions, including a ban on pornographic or offensive content and copyright violations. The stories had to be correctly formatted and were prohibited from using misleading titles.
Highway H12 (Ukraine)
H12 is an important Ukraine national highway (H-highway) in Sumy and Poltava Oblasts, Ukraine, running mainly north–south, and connecting Sumy with Poltava in a more or less straight line.  It begins in Sumy at Bandera Street (Highway H07/Highway P61) and Illinska Street, and travels straight through central Sumy. It passes through Syrovatka, Boromlya, Trostianets, Klymentove, Okhtyrka, Khukhra, Kotelva, Velyki Budyshcha, and Dykanka, and then loops around Poltava and terminates at the intersection of Highway M03 and Polovky Street.

Kotelva
Kotelva (Ukrainian: Котельва) is a rural settlement in Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, northeastern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kotelva settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 11,778 (2022 estimate).
Mahatma (magazine)
Mahatma was a monthly magic periodical founded by George Little, which was published March 1895 – February 1906 (issue 104). According to Alfredson and Daily, it was "the first English language magical serial of any substance". With the September 1902 issue, it became the official magazine of the Society of American Magicians. Mahatma was printed in the back of New York City's Martinka's magic shop.

Martinka (company)
Martinka & Company is America's longest running magic company. The business was for a period owned by Houdini and throughout the years the company has acquired and combined with over 30 other magic firms including Flosso-Hornmann, and Milton Chase.
Northeastern Region (Iceland)
Northeastern Region (Icelandic: Norðurland eystra, pronounced [ˈnɔrðʏrˌlant ˈeistra] ⓘ) is one of the traditional eight regions of Iceland, located in the north of the island. The biggest town in the region is Akureyri, with a population of 19,542 in 2024.

Regions of Iceland
The regions of Iceland are eight areas of Iceland that roughly follow the arrangement of parliamentary constituencies as they were between 1959 and 2003. These regions are not incorporated polities but rather recognized groupings of municipalities. Iceland only has two levels of administration, the national government and 62 municipalities. The municipalities have organized themselves into eight regional associations and those boundaries are also recognized by Statistics Iceland to report statistics. Since 2014, police and commissioner (sýslumaður) districts have followed the eight region model with the exception that Vestmannaeyjar forms a special district and not part of the Southern Region. The divisions of Iceland for the purposes of health care and district courts diverge more from the commonly used eight region model.

The postal code system also roughly corresponds with the regions with the first digit of the three digit codes usually being the same as on the map below.