hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HNoMS Glommen (1916)
The minelayer HNoMS Glommen was built for the Royal Norwegian Navy during World War I, as the lead ship of the two ship Glommen class of mine layers. Her sister ship was Laugen.
Glommen and her sister ship were kept in service until the German invasion of Norway in 1940. Glommen surrendered to the Germans on 14 April 1940, and was rebuilt as a floating anti-aircraft battery. She was scuttled at Kirkenes in 1944 by the retreating Germans.

Glommen was built at Akers mekaniske verksted in Kristiania.

She was named after the Glomma - the longest and largest river in Norway.

Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive
The Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive was a major military offensive during World War II, mounted by the Red Army against the Wehrmacht in 1944 in the Petsamo region, ceded to the Soviet Union by Finland in accordance with the Moscow Armistice, and Norway. The offensive defeated the Wehrmacht's forces in the Arctic, driving them back into Norway, and was called the "Tenth Shock" by Stalin. It later expelled German forces from the northern part of Norway and seized the nickel mines of Petsamo.
David Storrier
David Storrier (25 October 1872 – 27 January 1910) was a Scottish footballer who played for Arbroath, Everton, Celtic, Dundee, Millwall Athletic and Scotland. Storrier cost a Scottish record transfer fee of £320 in 1898 when Celtic signed him from Everton (where he played on the losing side in the 1897 FA Cup Final), and he went on to win the Scottish Cup in 1899 and 1900 with the Glasgow club. He was a keen cricketer, playing at Scottish county level for Forfarshire. He suffered a serious injury in 1902 when struck on the head by a ball.

Forfarshire Cricket Club
Forfarshire Cricket Club is a cricket club based in Dundee. Since its foundation in 1880 the club has played at Forthill in Broughty Ferry. A founding member of the Scottish County Championship, the club went on to become one of the most successful county sides in the country, winning the title 15 times.  The club currently plays in the Eastern Premier League, the highest tier of cricket in Eastern Scotland.

Winner of the inaugural County Championship in 1902, Forfarshire has won many major honours across its 146 year history including the Eastern Premier League and Cricket Scotland Grand Final playoff in 2019 in addition to both the Scottish Cup and T20 Scottish Cup four times each.
Rukhuna reliquary
The Rukhuna reliquary, also sometimes Rukhana reliquary, also described as the Bajaur reliquary inscription, is a Scythian reliquary which was dedicated and inscribed in 16 CE by Rukhuna, Queen of Indo-Scythian king Vijayamitra (ruled 12 BCE - 20 CE). The inscription on the reliquary, also called the Bajaur reliquary inscription, was published by Richard Salomon with a photograph in 2005, and gives a relationship between several eras of the period, and especially a confirmation of a Yavana era (Yoṇaṇa vaṣaye) in relation to the Azes era, that is "Azes era= Yavana era - 128 years".

Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies)
Richard G. Salomon is the William P. and Ruth Gerberding University Professor in the Department of Asian Languages and Literature at the University of Washington.

Salomon is a Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit-languages scholar, known for his studies on Indian epigraphy. He is also a specialist in early Indian Buddhism studies.
Ahuizotl (mythology)
The ahuizotl (from the Classical Nahuatl: āhuitzotl for "spiny aquatic thing", a.k.a. "water dog") is a legendary creature in Aztec mythology. It is said to lure people to their deaths. The creature was taken as an emblem by the ruler of the same name, and was said to be a "friend of the rain gods". The ahuizotl is most likely a water opossum, which possesses dexterous hands "like a raccoon's or a monkey's", as well as a prehensile tail (the hand most likely represents this prehensile nature), waterproof marbled black and grey fur, and small pointed ears.

The conquistador Hernán Cortés once reported to the King of Castile that one of his men had been killed by an ahuizotl.

The name of the revolutionary anti-porfirist periodical El Hijo del Ahuizote (The Son of the Ahuizote) is in reference to the ahuízotl.

Classical Nahuatl
Classical Nahuatl, also known simply as Aztec or Codical Nahuatl (if it refers to the variants employed in the Mesoamerican Codices through the medium of Aztec Hieroglyphs) and Colonial Nahuatl (if written in Post-conquest documents in the Latin alphabet), is a set of variants of Nahuatl spoken in the Valley of Mexico and central Mexico as a lingua franca at the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. During the subsequent centuries, it was largely displaced by Spanish and evolved into some of the modern Nahuan languages in use (other modern dialects descend more directly from other 16th-century variants). Although classified as an extinct language, Classical Nahuatl has survived through a multitude of written sources transcribed by Nahua peoples and Spaniards in the Latin script.
Štěpán Zavřel
Štěpán Zavřel (25 December 1932 – 25 February 1999) was a Czech painter, fresco creator, graphic artist, and writer.

He lived and studied in Czechoslovakia until 1959, then he emigrated to Italy. There he studied at Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma. Afterwards he traveled through whole Europe, during this time he arranged exhibitions of his own works. In 1968 he finally settled in Rugolo, small village in the region Veneto in Italy, where he lived until his death in 1999. In 1971, he co-founded the Zürich-based publishing house Bohem Press with Otakar Božejovský. Štěpán Zavřel founded there The International School of Illustration which exists till now.

Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma is a public tertiary academy of art in Rome, Italy. It was founded in the sixteenth century, but the present institution dates from the time of the unification of Italy and the capture of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy in 1870.: 86
Binod Singh Kushwaha
Binod Kumar Singh also known as Binod Singh Kushwaha was an Indian politician associated with Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Minister of Backward & Extremely Backward Classes Welfare at the time of his death. He represented Pranpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) thrice in the 2000, 2010 and 2015 elections.

2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
The Bihar legislative assembly election, 2010 was held in six phases over a period of one month starting from 21 October until 20 November in all 243 constituencies of Bihar, India. The election is conducted to elect the government in Bihar for a five-year term. The votes were scheduled to be counted on 24 November.
Jane Kinderley Stanford
Jane Kinderley Stanford Neale (January 19, 1800 – July 25, 1887) was a British novelist.

Jane Kinderley Smith was born on January 19, 1800, the daughter of Francis Smith of Norwich. She married John Stanford of Ashbocking, who died in 1831.  In 1851, she married, secondly and as his second wife, the Rev. Edward Pote Neale, vicar of Horsey, artist, and son of John Preston Neale.  She died at Horsey on 25 July 1887.

Stanford wrote two novels and a number of works for children.  Her novel The Stoic; or, Memoirs of Eurysthenes the Athenian (1834) was favorably reviewed by William Makepeace Thackeray in his publication The National Standard.

Horsey, Norfolk
Horsey is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, within The Broads National Park.

Horsey is located 9.9 miles (15.9 km) north of Great Yarmouth and 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Norwich.
Szymon Marciniak
Szymon Marciniak (Polish: [ˈʂɨmɔn marˈt͡ɕiɲak]; born 7 January 1981) is a Polish football referee. He has refereed the 2022 FIFA World Cup final between Argentina and France, the 2018 UEFA Super Cup between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, and the 2023 UEFA Champions League final between Manchester City and Inter Milan. For 2022 and 2023, he was named "The World's Best Referee" by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS). He is also a UEFA elite category referee.

UEFA elite referee category
The UEFA elite referee category is the highest classification for football referees appointed by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), typically including some of the most experienced football referees in the globe.

Referees in this category are eligible to officiate the most important matches in UEFA club and international competitions, including the UEFA Champions League and UEFA European Championship.
Drayton, Ontario
Drayton is a community in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is a part of the township of Mapleton. The village is on the corner of Wellington Road 8 and Wellington Road 11, geographically northwest of Fergus and southwest of Arthur.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Jimmy Rutherford
Jimmy Rutherford was a professional Association footballer. From his short time with Dumfries club Queen of the South he jointly holds the club record for the highest number of goals scored in a season. He averaged more than a goal per game with the club.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Linda Gail Lewis
Linda Gail Lewis (born July 18, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter and pianist. She has recorded with her brother Jerry Lee Lewis, as well as Van Morrison, Robbie Fulks, Wanda Jackson, Melanie, Dale Watson, Mitch Ryder and Robert Gordon. She also has recorded with her two daughters, Mary Jean Ferguson and Annie Marie Lewis, in a group called the Lewis 3.

Since 2019 she has been signed with Cleopatra Records and most her albums have been produced by her son-in-law Danny B. Harvey, guitarist with The Rockats, Lemmy Kilmister and The Headcat along with drummer Slim Jim Phantom from Stray Cats and The Headcat. Clem Burke from Blondie is the drummer on her latest single.

She is married to former Stax promotions director Eddie Braddock.

Stray Cats
Stray Cats is an American rockabilly band formed in 1979 by guitarist and vocalist Brian Setzer, double bassist Lee Rocker, and drummer Slim Jim Phantom in the Long Island town of Massapequa, New York. The group had numerous hit singles in the UK, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. including "Stray Cat Strut", "(She's) Sexy + 17", "Look at That Cadillac", "I Won't Stand in Your Way", "Bring It Back Again", and "Rock This Town", which the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has listed as one of the songs that shaped rock and roll.
GM1
GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside) the "prototype" ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which contain one sialic acid residue.  GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain.  Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea).

Neurotrophin
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.

They belong to a class of growth factors.  Growth factors such as neurotrophins that promote the survival of neurons are known as neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophic factors are secreted by target tissue and act by preventing the associated neuron from initiating programmed cell death – allowing the neurons to survive. Neurotrophins also induce differentiation of progenitor cells, to form neurons.

Although the vast majority of neurons in the mammalian brain are formed prenatally, parts of the adult brain (for example, the hippocampus) retain the ability to grow new neurons from neural stem cells, a process known as neurogenesis. Neurotrophins are chemicals that help to stimulate and control neurogenesis.
Sovereign ring
A sovereign ring is a ring which typically has a gold sovereign as a primary decorative feature, with the obverse face as the visible detail. The coin may be either genuine or replica tender, and may be either a sovereign or half sovereign.

Sovereign rings are associated with chav culture in the UK, or more broadly with emulating the look of a mafioso.

In the United Kingdom it is also common to use custom coinage bearing such motifs as the 'Three Lions' or other similar imagery such as Saint George, or a Welsh Dragon.

Celebrities who have been observed wearing a sovereign ring include Brad Pitt, Ghislaine Maxwell and the English rapper Louise Amanda Harman, hence her stage name of "Lady Sovereign".

Coat of arms of England
The coat of arms of England is the coat of arms historically used as arms of dominion by the monarchs of the Kingdom of England, and now used to symbolise England generally. The arms were adopted c.1200 by the Plantagenet kings and continued to be used by successive English and British monarchs; they are currently quartered with the arms of Scotland and Ireland in the coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Historically they were also quartered with the arms of France, representing the English claim to the French throne, and Hanover.

The arms continue to be used in heraldry to represent England, for example in the arms of Canada, although they rarely appear in isolation in royal or government contexts. They have also been adapted by English sporting bodies, forming the basis of the coat of arms of the Football Association, the logo of the England and Wales Cricket Board, England Hockey and England Boxing.
West Lechitic dialects
The West Lechitic dialects (or West Lekhitic dialects) are a group of extinct Lechitic dialects, used by the Slavic peoples of Pomerania, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and the lands on the lower and middle Elbe. At the same time, the dialects of Central Pomerania and Gdańsk Pomerania are usually considered transitional between West Lechitic and East Lechitic (i.e. all traditional dialects of the Polish language except Kashubian) and are called the Middle Lechitic dialect group.

Middle Pomerania
The term Middle or Central Pomerania can refer to two distinct areas, depending on whether it is used as a translation of the corresponding German or Polish terms Mittelpommern (also Mittelpommerscher Keil) or Pomorze Środkowe, respectively.
Motte-and-bailey fallacy
The motte-and-bailey fallacy (named after the motte-and-bailey castle) is a form of argument and an informal fallacy where an arguer conflates two positions that share similarities: one modest and easy to defend (the "motte") and one much more controversial and harder to defend (the "bailey"). The arguer advances the controversial position, but when challenged, insists that only the more modest position is being advanced. Upon retreating to the motte, the arguer may claim that the bailey has not been refuted (because the critic refused to attack the motte) or that the critic is unreasonable (by equating an attack on the bailey with an attack on the motte).

David Bloor
David Bloor (/blʊər/; born 1942) is a British sociologist. He is a professor in, and a former director of, the Science Studies Unit at the University of Edinburgh. He is a key figure in the Edinburgh school and played a major role in the development of the field of science and technology studies. He is best known for advocating the strong programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge, most notably in his book Knowledge and Social Imagery.
Musurgia Universalis
Musurgia Universalis, sive Ars Magna Consoni et Dissoni ("The Universal Musical Art, or the Great Art of Consonance and Dissonance") is a 1650 work by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was printed in Rome by Ludovico Grignani: xxxiii  and dedicated to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria.: 11  It was a compendium of ancient and contemporary thinking about music, its production and its effects. It explored, in particular, the relationship between the mathematical properties of music (e.g. harmony and dissonance) with health and rhetoric.: 36  
The work complements two of Kircher's other books: Magnes sive de Arte Magnetica had set out the secret underlying coherence of the universe and Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae had explored the ways of knowledge and enlightenment. What Musurgia Universalis contained, through its exploration of dissonance within harmony, was an explanation of the presence of evil in the world.: 28

Tarantism
Tarantism (/ˈtɛrənˌtɪzəm/ TERR-ən-tiz-əm) is a form of hysteric behaviour originating in Southern Italy, popularly believed to result from the bite of the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (distinct from the broad class of spiders also called tarantulas). A better candidate cause is Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, commonly known as the Mediterranean black widow or steppe spider, although no link between such bites and the behaviour of tarantism has ever been demonstrated. However, the term historically is used to refer to a dancing mania – characteristic of Southern Italy – which likely had little to do with spider bites. The tarantella dance supposedly evolved from a therapy for tarantism.
Nobuatsu Yoshino
Nobuatsu Yoshino (吉野 伸篤, Yoshino Nobuatsu) (born August 20, 1940) is a Japanese sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the C-2 1000 metre event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's C-2 1000 metres
The men's C-2 1000 metres event was an open-style, pairs canoeing event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. In the official report, heat times were shown in tenths of a second (0.1) while semifinal and final events were shown in hundredths of a second (0.01).
Blood, Sweat & Tools
Blood, Sweat & Tools is a Canadian television series that aired on Discovery Channel hosted by Helder Brum, Rob Koci and Hillary Manion, who also acted as the challenge judges and expert advisers to the contestants.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Retopia (festival)
Retopia is an annual technical symposium of the Indian Department of Energy and Environment at the TERI School of Advanced Studies in New Delhi. Retopia refers to getting back to an ideal state or situation, derived from the word Utopia. The symposium provides a common platform to people from the government, academic institutions, industries, start-ups etc. to discuss clean energy prospects on environmental, technical, social and commercial lines. Retopia has witnessed participation from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, the World Bank, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, the Indian Energy Exchange, and Suzlon.

Tata Consultancy Services
Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational technology company specializing in information technology services and consulting. Headquartered in Mumbai, it is a part of the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries. As of 2024, Tata Sons owned 71.74% of TCS, and close to 80% of Tata Sons' dividend income came from TCS.

TCS ranked seventh on the Fortune India 500 list for 2024. In September 2021, TCS recorded a market capitalization of US$200 billion, becoming the first Indian IT company to achieve this valuation. In 2012, it was the world's second-largest user of U.S. H-1B visas.
Enjoy Yourself (A+ song)
"Enjoy Yourself" is a song by American rapper A+, released as the only single from his second studio album, Hempstead High (1999). It samples the 1976 Walter Murphy song "A Fifth of Beethoven". Released in October 1998, the song reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart and number 63 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was also commercially successful in several European countries and Japan.

Hempstead High
Hempstead High is the second studio album by American rapper A+. It was released in 1999 through Kedar Entertainment/Universal Records. Recording sessions took place at Unique Recording Studios and Battery Studios in New York and at Urban House Studios, Inc. in Houston. Production was handled by Bink!, DJ Clark Kent, Lil' Shawn, Mo-Suave-A, Smith Brothers Entertainment and Ty Fyffe, with Kedar Massenburg serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Canibus, Cardan, Chico DeBarge, Erykah Badu, MJG, Psycho Drama and the Lost Boyz. The album peaked at #60 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #19 on the Top Heatseekers in the United States, and at number 72 in the Netherlands.
Hichocollo (mountain)
Hichocollo (possibly from Aymara jichu Peruvian feather grass, qullu mountain, "ichhu mountain") is a mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 m (15,700 ft). It is located in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, Tapay District. Hichocollo lies east of the Molloco River which is a right affluent of Colca River.

Colca River
Colca River (possibly from Quechua qullqa deposit) which downstream is called Majes and Camaná is a Peruvian river in the Arequipa Region that flows deep in the rugged Andes of southern Peru. It originates south-east of the village Janq'u Lakaya (Ancolaccaya) in the Callalli District of the Caylloma Province. On its way from Chivay to Cabanaconde it flows through one of the deepest canyons of the world known as the Colca Canyon. Near the town of Camaná the river empties into the Pacific Ocean.