hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gunnar von Hertzen
Gunnar Emil von Hertzen (11 March 1893 Halikko - 16 July 1973) was a Finnish Jaeger officer and the planner of the Aunus expedition (1919). He was a physician by profession and served as a physician during the Winter and Continuation Wars, becoming a lieutenant colonel in medical corps. He also took part in Nazi organisations in the 1930s and 1940s.

27th Jäger Battalion (Finland)
The 27th Jäger Battalion, officially called the Royal Prussian 27th Jäger Battalion (German: Königlich Preussisches Jägerbataillon Nr. 27, Finnish: Kuninkaallinen preussilainen jääkäripataljoona 27) 
was a jäger battalion of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit mainly consisted of Finnish volunteers that were a part of the Jäger movement.

The recruitment of the Jäger volunteers from the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland had to be secret, and was dominated by German-influenced circles, such as university students and the upper middle class. The recruitment was however in no way exclusive. The recruits were transported across Finland's western border via Sweden to Germany, where the volunteers were formed into the Royal Prussian 27th Jäger Battalion. It was a continuation and expansion of the "Boy Scout Training" (Pfadfinderkursus).
Harish, Israel
Harish (Hebrew: חָרִישׁ, cha-reesh, lit. "ploughed furrow") is a city in the north of Israel. Its jurisdiction is an area of 9,739 dunams. It is currently being expanded into a city projected eventually to have a population of 100,000. In 2023 it had a population of 39,001.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Sharad Juglal Kol
Sharad Juglal Kol is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2018 and 2023, representing Beohari Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Beohari Assembly constituency
24°1′25.1″N 81°22′43.2″E﻿ / ﻿24.023639°N 81.378667°E﻿ / 24.023639; 81.378667

Beohari is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh state. It remained double-member until general elections of 1957 after the merge of Vindhya Pradesh into Madhya Pradesh, however it became single-member seat in the general elections of 1962 of Madhya Pradesh.
House of Sundarakul na Jolburi
Sundarakul na Jolburi (Thai: สุนทรกุล ณ ชลบุรี) is a Thai family which traces its ancestry to His Highness prince Reuang, The Prince Sundarabhubet or Krom Khun (prince of the second class) Sundarabhubet (กรมขุนสุนทรภูเบศร์) of Siam.

His Highness prince Reuang, The Prince Sundarabhubet was a Chonburi-commoner by birth, later elevated to princely status by King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I)'s royal command. He did not have royal blood, but became sworn brothers with the Front Palace Prince Maha Sura Singhanat, the king's younger brother, hence the royal grant of the Thai nobiliary particle "na". The family name was one of many formally granted by King Vajiravudh, (Rama VI, r. 1910–1925.)

Nobiliary particle
A nobiliary particle is a type of onomastic particle used in a surname or family name in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family. The particle used varies depending on the country, language and period of time. In some languages, it is the same as a regular prepositional particle that was used in the creation of many surnames. In some countries, it became customary to distinguish the nobiliary particle from the regular one by a different spelling, although in other countries these conventions did not arise, occasionally resulting in ambiguity. The nobiliary particle can often be omitted in everyday speech or certain contexts.
James Cunningham (Canadian politician)
James Cunningham (August 1, 1834 – May 4, 1925) was a Canadian merchant and Liberal politician, who represented New Westminster in the House of Commons of Canada during the 3rd Parliament from 1874 to 1878.

Born in Anyevny, County Monaghan, Ireland, the son of James Cunningham, he was educated in Anyevny, later coming to Canada and entering business as a merchant in New Westminster. In 1864, Cunningham married Mary Ann Woodman. He resigned his seat in the House of Commons in 1878. He sat as MLA for New Westminster City from 1884 to 1886. In 1873, he also served as the eighth mayor of New Westminster, and was the first person to be elected directly to the position. Cunningham died in New Westminster at the age of 90.

His brother Thomas served in the British Columbia assembly.

Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In other settings, politicians and office holders are appointed.

In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier council of a municipality and an upper-tier council of a regional district or municipality.
Iosif Florianovich Geilman
Iosif Florianovich Geilman (Russian: Иосиф Флорианович Гейльман; 3 March 1923 — 13 June 2010) was a Soviet and international expert on sign language, a sign language interpreter and the author of multiple publications used to this day. Also, he was the founder and first director of the first All-Russian Educational Center for the Deaf known as LRC (Leningrad Rehabilitation Center), where hearing-impaired from all across the USSR came to receive higher education or trade skills. Iosif Geilman was one of the key experts on the committee entrusted to develop Gestuno, an international sign language.

International Sign
International Sign (IS) is a pidgin sign language which is used in a variety of different contexts, particularly as an international auxiliary language at meetings such as the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) congress, in some European Union settings, at some UN conferences, as well as a number of academic conferences, at events such as the Deaflympics, the Miss & Mister Deaf World, and Eurovision, and informally when travelling and socialising.

Linguists do not agree on what the term International Sign means precisely, and empirically derived dictionaries are lacking.
Loch Vatachan
Loch Vatachan or Bhattachan is a freshwater loch in Wester Ross, Scotland, just over a kilometre north of Achiltibuie.

The name is an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic bhàthaichean, meaning "of the byre" i.e. "Loch of the Byre". The loch's name appeared as "Bhattachan" on OS Maps until the 1900s. Several ruined shielings and hut circles of uncertain age have been found on the braes above its shores.

Loch Vatachan feeds into Loch Raa via a short burn, which in turn flows into Achnahaird Bay.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
2008 Channel One Cup
The 2008 Channel One Cup was played between 18 and 21 December 2008. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. Five of the matches were played in the Khodynka Arena in Moscow, Russia, and one match in Hyllie Arena in Malmö, Sweden. Russia won the tournament. The tournament was a part of the 2008–09 Euro Hockey Tour.

Danis Zaripov
Danis Zinnurovich Zaripov (Russian: Данис Зиннурович Зарипов, Tatar: Данис Зиннур улы Зарипов; born 26 March 1981) is a Russian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Ak Bars Kazan and Metallurg Magnitogorsk. Zaripov was also a member of the Russia men's national ice hockey team for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
African sicklefish
The African sicklefish (Drepane africana) is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Drepaneidae, the sicklefishes. This fish is found in the costal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands and Mauritania south to Angola, including the Cape Verde Islands and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. It is a coastal species found over sandy and muddy bottoms between depths of 10 and 75 m (33 and 246 ft), moving into coastal lagoons at sexual maturity.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Jone Wesele
Jone Wesele is a Fijian rugby league footballer, noted for playing for Fiji. He plays his domestic rugby with the Police Sharks in his native Fiji but then moved back to his original club that he started off, having previously played for the Darlington Point, Coleambally Roosters in Australia. He played in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup and most recently the 2009 Pacific Cup.
Now Jone Wesele has moved back and plays for the Makoi Bulldogs.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
John Thomson (MP)
John Thomson (1521–1597), of Husborne Crawley, Bedfordshire, and Aldersgate, London, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Windsor in 1571 and Bedfordshire in 1572.

Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Bedfordshire was a United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency, which elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England from 1295 until 1707, then the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until 1885 when it was divided into two constituencies under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department
The Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department (Chinese: 广东省公安厅) is the primary civilian law enforcement agency of Guangdong Province. It operates under the dual leadership of the provincial government and the People's Police. In each city and county, there is a Public Security Bureau (Sub-bureau), and police stations are established in towns, townships, and streets. The Public Security Bureau (Sub-bureau) and police stations respectively receive leadership from the local people's government at the same level and the higher public security authorities. The director of the department is Liu Guozhou.

In 2025, the agency had a budget of 4.165 Billion Renminbi, a 18.5% increase from 3.513 Billion Renminbi in 2024.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Melody Journey
Melody Journey is an original Chinese reality show jointly produced by Jiangsu TV and iQiyi. The first episode aired simultaneously on both platforms on August 18, 2024. The program aims to match singers with songwriters in order to promote and showcase original songs.

On April 23, 2025, iQiyi announced that the second season has been ordered. The show's English title was changed to Crush of Music for the second season.

Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation
Jiangsu Broadcasting Corporation (JSBC) (Chinese: 江苏省广播电视总台(集团); pinyin: Jiāngsū Shěng Guǎngbò Diànshì Zǒngtái (Jítuán)) is China's third biggest television network after China Central Television (CCTV) and Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS). The television network is owned by the Jiangsu Provincial People's Government, an agency subordinate to the Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress. The network is based in Nanjing in Jiangsu.
Dorney Lake
Dorney Lake (also known as Eton College Rowing Centre, and as Eton Dorney as a 2012 Summer Olympics venue) is a purpose-built rowing lake and Meetings & Events Venue in England. It is near the village of Dorney, Buckinghamshire, and is around 3 km (2 miles) west of Windsor and Eton, close to the River Thames.

The lake is privately owned and financed by Eton College, which spent £17 million developing it. Additional grants, totalling £500,000, were obtained from Sport England, UK Sport, the DCMS and SEEDA in order to build the lake's finish tower.  The project was completed in 2006, after 10 years of construction. The facilities are hired out for rowing, as well as for canoeing, Hospitality, dragon boating, and triathlon.

Sport England
Sport England is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Its role is to build the foundations of a community sport system by working with national governing bodies of sport, and other funded partners, to grow the number of people taking part in sport and physical activity; remove the barriers that make it harder for some people to be active; sustain participation levels; and help more talented people from all diverse backgrounds excel by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to the elite level.

As of 2025, Chris Boardman was the chairperson of Sport England.
Cruagh
Cruagh (Irish: An Chraobhach) is a civil parish in the barony of Uppercross in South Dublin, Ireland. It contains the townlands of Cruagh, Killakee, Tibradden, Glendoo, Newtown, Jamestown, Woodtown and Orlagh. It is situated south of Ballyboden on the R116 regional road.

South Dublin
South Dublin (Irish: Átha Cliath Theas) is a county in Ireland, within the province of Leinster and the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. South Dublin County Council is the local authority for the county. The county contains both dense suburbs of Dublin and stretches of unpopulated mountains. In 2022 it had a population of 301,075, making it the fourth most populous county in the state.
István Bernáth
István Bernáth (born 28 January 1989) is a Hungarian professional boxer. As an amateur, he won a silver medal in the super-heavyweight division at the 2008 EU Championships and at the 2009 EU Championships.

In 2021 Bernath started his professional career.

2009 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2009 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships was held at the Odense Sports Centre in Odense, Denmark from June 14 to June 21. The 7th edition of the annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.
Neo-bulk cargo
In the ocean shipping trade, neo-bulk cargo is a type of cargo that is a subcategory of general / break-bulk cargo, that exists alongside the other main categories of bulk cargo and containerized cargo.  Gerhardt Muller, erstwhile professor at the United States Merchant Marine Academy and Manager of Regional Intermodal Planning of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, promotes it from a subcategory to being a third  main category of cargo in its own right, alongside containerized and bulk cargo.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Karin Coonrod
Karin Coonrod is an American theater director and writer who is on the faculty of the David Geffen School of Drama at Yale. Coonrod is known for her modern adaptations of classic plays by William Shakespeare and other playwrights. She often chooses to direct plays produced from unusual sources such as lesser-known works by notable playwrights, creating/devising adaptations from non-dramatic sources, and the writings of notable figures in history.

Coonrod founded two theater companies: Arden Party (1987–1997) and Compagnia de' Colombari (2004–present). She has also directed several productions presented by Theatre for a New Audience. Her plays have been staged at several notable theaters including the Joseph Papp Public Theater, New York Theatre Workshop, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Ohio Theater, American Repertory Theatre, and Folger Theatre.

New York Theatre Workshop
New York Theatre Workshop (NYTW) is an Off-Broadway theater noted for its productions of new works.  Located at 79 East 4th Street between Second Avenue and Bowery in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, it houses a 198-seat theater for its mainstage productions, and a 75-seat black box theatre for staged readings and developing work in the building next door, at 83 East 4th Street.
Paengichigi
Paengichigi (Korean: 팽이치기) is a traditional Korean game primarily played during the winter and is enjoyed by people of all ages. Paengichigi is played by using a spinning top and a stick with a long string. The spinning tops are wound up with twine and then let go. Players must keep hitting the spinning top with the string tuck with the stick to make it rotate for as long as possible.

One of the popular locations to experience traditional games like paengichigi is Namsangol Hanok Village.

Namsangol Hanok Village
Namsangol Hanok Village (Korean: 남산골한옥마을) is a recreated village of historical Korean buildings in Pil-dong, Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. The village contains several Korean traditional houses called hanok.

The Namsangol Hanok Village offers one the opportunity to experience a wide cross-section of Joseon-era citizenry and activities, from royalty to commoners. A great effort has been made to accurately furnish each dwelling with appropriate era and social status appointments.

Admission is free, although it is closed on Tuesdays. It is close to Chungmuro Station at the intersection of Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 3 and Line 4.
Shaun Bridgmohan
Shaun Xavier Bridgmohan (born June 24, 1979, in Spanish Town, Jamaica) is a Jamaican-American jockey who competes in Thoroughbred horse racing.

At age thirteen, Bridgmohan's family emigrated to the United States, settling in South Florida where he developed an interest in horse racing. Before becoming a jockey, and while still in school, he worked at a Florida racetrack as a hot walker, groom, and as an exercise rider.  After graduating from high school he pursued a riding career and in August 1997 earned his first win at Calder Race Course. Six months later on February 15, 1998, he won six races on a single card at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York, finishing 1998, which was his breakout year, as the winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey. On December 22, 2007, he again won six races on a single card, this time at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana.
On April 1, 2017, he recorded his 3,000th win.

Aqueduct Racetrack
Aqueduct Racetrack is a Thoroughbred horse racing facility and casino in the South Ozone Park and Jamaica neighborhoods of Queens, New York City, United States. Aqueduct is the only racetrack within New York City limits. Its races usually run from late October/early November through April.

The track has three courses: the main track (dirt), with a circumference of 1+1⁄8 miles (1.8 km), whose infield holds the 1 mile (1.6 km) Main Turf Course and the Inner Turf Course, measuring 7.065 furlongs (1.421 km). The track has seating capacity of 17,000 and total capacity of 40,000.

The racetrack and the adjacent headquarters of the New York Racing Association (NYRA) sit on a 172-acre (70 ha) site controlled by the New York State Franchise Oversight Board, which leases about 72.6 acres (29.4 ha) to the Resorts World New York City casino and hotel.
Weerya
Weerya (Sinhala: වීර්යා) is a 2024 Sri Lankan Sinhalese language action thriller film directed and produced by Sunil Aruna Weerasiri for Arunakanthi Films. It stars Jagath Chamila and Sheshadri Priyasad in lead roles along with Lucky Dias, Sriyani Amarasena and Duleeka Marapana in supportive roles. During the shooting, popular actor Anton Jude was hospitalized on 12 March 2012, where he later died in cardiac arrest.

The film is released on 5 January 2024 in Ridma circuit cinemas.

Kumara Thirimadura
Kumara Thirimadura (Sinhala: කුමාර තිරිමාදුර; born April 17, 1969) is an actor in Sri Lankan cinema, stage drama and television. He is an actor, singer, filmmaker and journalist by profession. He is considered one of five actors who have dominated the Sri Lankan Stage by critics.