hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dundanion Castle
Dundanion Castle (Irish: Dún Daingean, meaning 'firm fortress') is a Tudor tower house in the Blackrock area of Cork in Ireland. Previously known as Galwey's Castle, the ruin is located on the grounds of the much later "Dundanion House".

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Johannes Emil Gnudtzmann
Johannes Emil Gnudtzmann (17 November 1837 – 14 April 1922) was a Danish architect working in the Historicist style. His most notable works are St. Paul's Church and the extension of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University's main building, both in Copenhagen. He was the father of Kaj Gnudtzmann.

Kaj Gnudtzmann
Kaj Svane Gnudtzmann (1 May 1880 – 22 September 1948) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games.

In 1906 he won the silver medal as a member of the Danish gymnastics team in the team competition.

Professionally, he was a civil engineer. He was married to the sculptor Thyra Boldsen.
Gustaf Kilman
Gustaf Olof Falhem Kilman (9 July 1882 – 21 February 1946) was a Swedish Army officer and horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1912, he and his horse Gåtan (The Riddle), were part of the Swedish equestrian team, which won the gold medal in the team jumping.  The team also won the King of Italy's challenge trophy.  Eight years later, he finished 15th in the individual jumping event with his horse Irving.

Kilman was a captain in the Swedish Army.

He died in Gothenburg in 1946, at the age of 63.  The cause of death was suicide.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Don Rigazio
Donald Edmund Rigazio (born July 3, 1934) is a former American ice hockey goaltender who was a member of the silver medal-winning United States team in ice hockey at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Rigazio played for the United States men's national ice hockey team for three seasons, from 1954 to 1958. He was named best goaltender of the 1955 World Ice Hockey Championships. Rigazio then turned professional, playing 61 games in the IHL with the Indianapolis Chiefs and Louisville Rebels during the 1958–59 season, and winning the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the IHL's goaltender with the fewest goals allowed during the regular season.

Rigazio also played three games in the American Hockey League with the Cleveland Barons during the 1959–60 AHL season.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Jerry Clack
Jerry Clack (July 22, 1926 – April 15, 2019) was an American scholar who was professor of classical languages at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. He was also a political activist, public relations executive, and was involved in activities of the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh and Citizens for Global Solutions. Clack died in April 2019 at the age of 92.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
2019 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay – Doubles
Tara Moore and Conny Perrin were the defending champions, but Perrin chose not to participate. Moore partnered Emina Bektas, but lost to Samantha Murray and Bibiane Schoofs in the semifinals.

Mélodie Collard and Leylah Annie Fernandez won the title, defeating Murray and Schoofs in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–2.

Conny Perrin
Conny Perrin (born 25 December 1990) is a Swiss tennis player.
On 22 October 2018, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 134, and on 7 October 2024, she peaked at No. 99 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Perrin owns one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour - the 2023 Copa LP Chile. She has also won 13 singles and 28 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
2019 WSG Open – Doubles
Maja Chwalińska and Daria Kuczer were the defending champions, but chose to participate with different partners. Chwalińska played alongside Ulrikke Eikeri, while Kuczer partnered Stefania Rogozińska Dzik. The two teams played in the first round, with Chwalińska and Eikeri winning.

Chwalińska and Eikeri went on to win the title, defeating Weronika Falkowska and Martyna Kubka in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Ulrikke Eikeri
Ulrikke Pia Eikeri (born 16 December 1992) is a Norwegian professional tennis player.
On 22 April 2024, she peaked at No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings. She also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 206, achieved on 16 April 2018.

Eikeri has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and two doubles titles on WTA Challenger Tour, along with eleven singles titles and 32 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2022 French Open, alongside Joran Vliegen.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Eikeri had been ranked as high as No. 16 in the world.

Playing for the Norway Billie Jean King Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 36–28, as of June 2024.
Somersham Local Nature Reserve
Somersham Local Nature Reserve is an 8.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Somersham in Cambridgeshire. It is owned and managed by Cambridgeshire County Council and Somersham Parish Council.

Habitats in this reserve are a lake, wetland, grassland and woodland. Invertebrates include grass snakes and common lizards, there are birds such as great crested grebes, and flora such as red bartsia and purple loosestrife.

There is access from Station Approach, named after the former Somersham railway station. The nature reserve includes a section of disused railway land, part of the March branch of the former Great Eastern Railway.

Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria or purple-loosestrife is a flowering plant belonging to the family Lythraceae. It should not be confused with other plants sharing the name loosestrife that are members of the genus Lysimachia in the family Primulaceae. This herbaceous perennial plant is native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and eastern Australia.
Discharge petition
In United States parliamentary procedure, a discharge petition is a means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee by "discharging" the committee from further consideration of a bill or resolution.

Discharge petitions are most often associated with the U.S. House of Representatives, though many state legislatures in the United States have similar procedures. There, discharge petitions are used when the chair of a committee refuses to place a bill or resolution on the committee's agenda: by never reporting a bill, the matter will never leave the committee, and the full House will not be able to consider it. The discharge petition, and the threat of one, gives more power to individual members of the House and removes a small amount of power from the leadership and committee chairs. In the U.S. House, successful discharge petitions are rare, as the signatures of an absolute majority of House members are required.

Unanimous consent
In parliamentary procedure, unanimous consent, also known as general consent, or in the case of the parliaments under the Westminster system, leave of the house (or leave of the senate), is a situation in which no member present objects to a proposal.
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals but they tended to fight against the Japanese with or without the support of higher echelons of the other Chinese factions.

Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui (traditional Chinese: 馬鴻逵; simplified Chinese: 马鸿逵; pinyin: Mǎ Hóngkuí; Wade–Giles: Ma Hung-k'uei, 
Xiao'erjing: مَا خٌ‌کُوِ; March 14, 1892 – January 14, 1970) was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Ningxia. His rank was lieutenant general. His courtesy name was Shao-yun (少雲). In 1950, Hongkui migrated to the United States, where he lived until he died in 1970.

He was considered by some sources to be among China's best generals.
Kazakhstan–United States relations
Kazakhstan and the U.S. established relations as Kazakhstan gained independence from the Soviet Union. Since then, the two nations have collaborated in fields such as trade, security, nuclear non-proliferation, and counterterrorism. While seeking to maintain and grow positive relations, the U.S. remains critical of Kazakhstan's human rights record.

Aktau
Aktau (/ˌɑːkˈtaʊ/, UK also /ˌækˈtaʊ/; Kazakh: Ақтау, romanized: Aqtau, pronounced [ɑqtɑ́w] ⓘ) is a major port city in southwestern Kazakhstan, on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea. Aktau is on the Mangyshlak Peninsula in the Mangystau Region.

Known for its strategic location on the Caspian Sea, Aktau is a port, playing a key role in the region's maritime trade, particularly oil and gas exports. The city’s economic growth is largely driven by the oil and energy sectors, being one of Kazakhstan's primary sources of oil. This economic focus has shaped the city's development, with many of its inhabitants working in the energy industry.

Aktau is also known for its coastal beauty, with beaches and scenic views of the Caspian Sea providing opportunities for leisure and tourism.
Collection: 1973–2012
Collection: 1973–2012 is a compilation album by Bruce Springsteen released on Columbia in 2013 containing 18 tracks spanning forty years of Springsteen's musical career. Fourteen of the songs on the album are credited to Springsteen as a solo act and four (namely "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)", "Hungry Heart", "Born in the U.S.A.", and "Dancing in the Dark") are credited to the formation Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band. Two of the tracks, namely "Badlands" and "The Promised Land", were remastered for the compilation edition.

Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)
"Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" is a 1973 song by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, from his The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle album, and is especially famed as a concert number for Springsteen and The E Street Band. The song, which clocks in at just over seven minutes, is a story of forbidden love between the singer and  Rosalita, whose parents disapprove of his life in a rock and roll band. It is included on the compilation albums The Essential Bruce Springsteen and Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band Greatest Hits. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it the 446th greatest song of all time on their updated 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list.
Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay
Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay (or Aish-Ke-Vo-Go-Zhe, from Eshkibagikoonzhe, "[bird] having a leaf-green bill" in Anishinaabe language; also known as "Flat Mouth" (Gueule Platte), a nickname given by French fur traders, was a powerful Ojibwe chief and diplomat during the 19th century. He was a lifelong advocate for continued Ojibwe aggression in the Dakota-Ojibwe War.

On May 28, 1827, he was visiting neutral Fort Snelling when he and his company were fired upon. He was unharmed. In 1830, he encouraged the Ojibwe to continue their attacks on the Dakota.

In 1855, he traveled to Washington, D.C. along with Beshekee and other Ojibwe leaders, to negotiate the cession of ten million acres (40,000 km2) including the headwaters of the Mississippi River in northern Minnesota.

On 15 September 1862 the Chief met Governor Ramsey at the Crow Wing Agency and offered to fight the Sioux along with a number of other Chiefs during the Santee Sioux Uprising.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
R. L. Wright
Ronald Wright is an American Baptist pastor, fiction writer, retired police officer (Baltimore Police Department) and retired detective (Maryland State Police). He has written numerous true crime, spiritual christian literature and books, in addition to authoritative books on addiction and narcotics. These books are often self-help themed. He teaches free driving under the influence (DUI) classes and has been a public safety activist since 2006.

Baltimore Police Department
The Baltimore Police Department (BPD) is the municipal police department of the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Dating back to 1784, the BPD, consisting of 2,935 employees in 2020, is organized into nine districts covering 80.9 square miles (210 km2) of land and 11.1 square miles (29 km2) of waterways. The department is sometimes referred to as the Baltimore City Police Department to distinguish it from the Baltimore County Police Department.
Telephone banking
Telephone banking is a service provided by a bank or other financial institution that enables customers to perform over the telephone a range of financial transactions that do not involve cash or financial instruments (such as checks) without the need to visit a bank branch or ATM.

Customer
In sales, commerce, and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or an idea, obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or an exchange for money or some other valuable consideration.
Badulla Kataragama Devalaya
Badulla Kataragama Devalaya is an ancient devalaya, situated in Badulla, Sri Lanka. It is a devalaya that is dedicated to the Sinhalese deity Kataragama deviyo, whose main and major shine is situated at south part of the island at Kataragama. The devalaya has been formally recognised by the government as an archaeological protected monument. The designation was declared on 23 March 1952 under the government Gazette number 10395.

The Sri Lanka Gazette
The Sri Lanka Gazette, officially The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ගැසට් පත්‍රය, romanized: Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajayē Gæsaṭ Patraya; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சோசலிச குடியரசின் வர்த்தமானி, romanized: Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Cōcalica Kuṭiyaraciṉ Varttamāṉi) is a public journal of the Government of Sri Lanka. It prints certain statutory notices from the government. Modeled after the Oxford Gazette, the Sri Lanka Gazette is the oldest surviving newspaper in Sri Lanka, having been published continuously since 1802.
Unlike other newspapers, it does not cover general news or have a large circulation. It is printed by the Department of Government Printing.
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (20 September 1503 – 1572), known in Latin as Andreas Fricius Modrevius, was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy". His book De Republica emendanda (O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej) was widely read and praised across most of Renaissance Europe, influencing thinkers such as Jean Bodin, Hugo Grotius and Johannes Althusius.

Johannes Althusius
Johannes Althusius (1563 – August 12, 1638) was a German–Dutch jurist and Calvinist political philosopher.

He is best known for his 1603 work Politica Methodice Digesta, Atque Exemplis Sacris et Profanis Illustrata which revised editions were published in 1610 and 1614.  The ideas expressed therein relate to the early development of federalism in the 16th and 17th centuries and the construction of subsidiarity.
John J. McCallion
John J. McCallion (1836 or 1840 – June 6, 1883) was an Irish American sailor, lumber worker, brakeman, saloon keeper and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1880 to 1883. A leading member of the Workingmen's Party of California, McCallion came to oppose party president Denis Kearney and those who sought to align the WPC with the Democratic Party, although he accepted the latter's endorsement in 1880.

McCallion was also president of the local Ancient Order of Hibernians, authoring a resolution expressing the sympathy of the State Legislature for the people of Ireland during the Irish Famine of 1879. He married his wife Susan in 1881, with whom he had one child.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Ian Davison (cricketer)
Ian Joseph Davison (4 October 1937 – 2 January 2017) was an English cricketer.  Davison was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.  He was born at Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire.

After several seasons with Bedfordshire in the Minor Counties competition he played as an opening bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1959 and 1966. His best season was in 1963, when he took 111 wickets at 21.92. In the 1966 season, Wisden records that he "began well as opening partner to Carlton Forbes, but beset in mid-season by injury he faded and eventually lost his place. He has now accepted a business appointment." He was only 28 when he retired from first-class cricket. He played three more seasons with Bedfordshire, then retired from all cricket after the 1969 season.

He died on 2 January 2017 at the age of 79.

Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, or simply Wisden, colloquially the Bible of Cricket, is a cricket reference book published annually in the United Kingdom. The description "Bible of cricket" (or variations thereof) has been applied to Wisden since the early 1900s.

Between 1998 and 2005, an Australian edition of Wisden was published. An Indian version, edited by Suresh Menon, was produced annually from 2013 to 2018, but discontinued following the publication of a combined 2019 and 2020 issue.
Brenno Ambrosini
Brenno Ambrosini is an Italian pianist, born in Veneto, who is active in Spain. In 1990, he began performing with Mark Lubotsky. After being homoured in the leading Spanish piano competitions (1988–1992), he developed a teaching career and became involved in the Spanish contemporary music scene. He has championed the piano music of Soviet contemporary composers such as Arvo Pärt, Sofia Gubaidulina, Boris Tishchenko and Alfred Schnittke, and has kept a close artistic relationship with local composers such as Francisco Llácer Pla. Since 1994, he has played in a piano duo with David Kuijken, having developed his chamber music career with the Brodsky and Pražák string quartets. He was a professor in the Conservatory of Castellón, in whose University he graduated in philosophy, and a member of the London Liszt Society.
Since 2015, he has taught chamber music in the Conservatory of Castilla y León, in Salamanca.

Sofia Gubaidulina
Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina (24 October 1931 – 13 March 2025) was a Soviet and Russian composer of modernist sacred music.  She was highly prolific, producing numerous chamber, orchestral and choral works. Her output has been described as exploring the tensions between Western and Eastern music, and has been characterised by "innovative use of microtonality and chromaticism, rhythm over form and use of contrasting tonalities.

Her compositions have been praised for their "emotional intensity", while she described her music as bringing legato, that is, a sense of "connected flow into the fragmented staccato of life." Alongside Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt and Edison Denisov, Gubaidulina was considered one of the foremost composers of the former Soviet Union who were disfavoured by the authorities including the KGB, but whose work became frequently commissioned and performed by major international orchestras, with her first major breakthrough being her violin concerto Offertorium (1980).
Vieworks
Vieworks Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of X-ray medical imaging devices and high-resolution machine vision cameras, located in Anyang, Republic of Korea. It designs, develops, manufactures and provides advanced X-ray detectors to digital imaging systems for digital radiography, digital fluoroscopy and angiography systems, industrial cameras for aerial imaging, and surveillance and AOI (automated optical inspection).

Anyang, Gyeonggi
Anyang (Korean: 안양; Korean pronunciation: [a.njaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. With a population of approximately 600,000, it is the 20th largest city in South Korea. It is a satellite city of Seoul and located approximately 21 km (13 mi) south of Seoul, and 19 km (12 mi) north of Suwon. It is connected to Seoul via the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Line 4. The City motto of Anyang is "Livable city, Proud citizens". City symbols are a grape mascot named 'Podong-i', Forsythia (flower), Ginkgo (tree), and eagles.