hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet communication in butterflies
Butterflies, or members of the Papilionoidea superfamily, use two ultraviolet signals, UV reflectance or absorbance as a communication system. The ultraviolet region is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum between 10 nm and 400 nm in wavelength. Sensitivity to this region provides butterflies several benefits such as nectar guides for nectar, but it also provides a private communication channel unavailable to predators. With this secure line, butterflies are able to facilitate mating behavior and sex recognition.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
Muscat Daily
Muscat Daily is an Omani newspaper founded in 2009 and based in Oman. Its print edition of is the largest-selling English daily in Oman, with nearly 33,500 copies sold each day from Sunday to Thursday, the working days of Oman. Apex Media provides its free weekly newspaper, TheWeek, to Muscat Daily subscribers each Thursday as their weekend edition. Muscat Daily is owned by Apex Media, an Omani publishing company with a history spanning nearly 40 years. Other publications by the Apex Media include the annual Business Directory and Tribute. Apex Media also undertakes occasional projects such as the Map of Oman, Apex Map of Muscat, and the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque coffee table book. Apex Media was founded in 1980 by its executive chairman, Omani businessman Saleh Zakwani.

The newspaper celebrated its first anniversary on October 13, 2010. The Muscat Daily is accessible online at muscatdaily.com.

Project
A project is a type of assignment, typically involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a specific objective.

An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations".

A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent) social system (work system), possibly staffed by teams (within or across organizations) to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints.: Section 1.2

A project may form a part of wider programme management: 1  or function as an ad hoc system.: 922

Open-source software "projects" or artists' musical "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise planning and/or time-limited durations.
Gregory Perry
Greg(ory) Perry is the name of:

Gregory Perry, see OpenBSD

Greg Perry (footballer) (born 1949), Australian footballer for Essendon

Greg Perry (singer), American singer

Greg Perry, artist, see Landmark for Peace Memorial

Greg Perry, one of the Candidates of the South Australian state election, 2006

Greg Perry (musician)
Greg Perry (January 21, 1948 – March 13, 2023) was a singer, songwriter and record producer. He worked with artists such as Freda Payne. He wrote and produced many hits for soul artists in the 1970s. He was also the brother of singer Jeff Perry and was married to Edna Wright, who sang in the group Honey Cone.
Thomas Kilduff
Thomas S. Kilduff is an American neuroscientist and the director of SRI International's Center for Neuroscience. He specializes in neurobiology related to sleep and wakefulness, and was involved in the discovery of hypocretin (also known as orexin), a neuropeptide system that is highly involved in wakefulness regulation.

His group at SRI International also discovered an unusual neuronal population in the cerebral cortex that is activated during sleep.

He is also a consulting professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Stanford University School of Medicine
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution, then called Cooper Medical College, was acquired by Stanford in 1908. In 1959, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California.

The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine.
Domkirkepladsen 1
Domkirkepladsen 1 is a listed building and the former Bank of Denmark branch building in Aarhus, Denmark. The bank was built in 1926 and was listed in the Danish national registry of protected buildings and places by the Danish Heritage Agency on 22 February 1996. The bank is situated on the Store Torv square in the central Indre by neighbourhood next to the cathedral where it has functioned as a bank since its completion until today. The building is no longer in use by the Bank of Denmark but still functions as a bank, occupied by a branch of Nykredit.

Aarhus Cathedral
Aarhus Cathedral (Danish: Århus Domkirke) is a cathedral in Aarhus, Denmark. It is the longest and tallest church in the country, at 93 m (305 ft) in length and 96 m (315 ft) in height.

The construction of Aarhus Cathedral began in the 12th century and it is the main edifice of the diocese of Aarhus for the Church of Denmark, dedicated to the patron saint of sailors, St Clemens. The cathedral is situated on the port side of the central square of Store Torv (Large Square), with address "Domkirkepladsen 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" in the inner city. The church can seat around 1200 people.

Aarhus Cathedral is a listed building and was designated 1 February 2012.
Thillalangadi
Thillalangadi (transl. Defiler) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film directed by M. Raja. A remake of the 2009 Telugu film Kick, it stars Raja's brother Ravi Mohan (credited as Jayam Ravi) along with Tamannaah and Shaam, who reprises his role from Kick, and a supporting cast including Prabhu, Suhasini Maniratnam, Vadivelu, Santhanam, and Sanchita Shetty. The film features a soundtrack composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, whilst Thaman S's original score has been reused. The film, produced by Raja's father Editor Mohan and distributed by Sun Pictures, was released on 23 July 2010.

Thillalangadi depicts the story of Krishna (Jayam Ravi), a brilliant student who has excelled in all aspects of life but loves to have an adventure in his life and would do anything just to experience this kick (addiction).

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
HMS Industry
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Industry.

HMS Industry (1765), a sloop in service in 1765

HMS Industry (1794), purchased in 1794 as a fireship, but broken up in 1795

HMS Industry (1814), an Aid-class storeship launched in 1814, fitted in 1824 to carry shells and ammunition; in 1835 fitted as a chapel ship for the Isle of Man; broken up 1846

HMS Industry (1854), an iron screw storeship launched and purchased in 1854, became a boom defence ship (BDS) in 1901, and was sold in 1911

HMS Industry (1901) (Glasgow renamed 1900), launched 1901, Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA)-manned from 1914; as Q-ship used the names Tay and Tyne; torpedoed 1918 but reached harbour; sold 1924 for breaking up

Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.
The Married Beau
The Married Beau or The Curious Impertinent is a 1694 comedy play by the English writer John Crowne. It is inspired by a passage from Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote. Incidental music was composed by Henry Purcell.

It was first staged by the United Company in London. The original Drury Lane cast featured George Powell as Loveley, Thomas Betterton as Polidor, Thomas Doggett as Thorneback, William Bowen as Sir John, Elizabeth Barry as Mrs Loveley, Elizabeth Bowman as Cecilia, Anne Bracegirdle as Camilla and Susanna Verbruggen as Lionell. The published version was dedicated to the Tory politician the Marquess of Normanby.

George Powell (playwright)
George Powell (1668? – 1714) was a 17th-century London actor and playwright who was a member of the United Company. He was the son of the actor Martin Powell, a long-standing member of the King's Company.
Sweet Slumber
"Sweet Slumber" is a 1943 song written by Lucky Millinder, Al J. Neiburg and Henri Woode and recorded by Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra.  The song, with vocals by Trevor Bacon, was successful on three charts.  "Sweet Slumber" became Lucky Millinder's third number one on the Harlem Hit Parade and number fifteen on the pop charts.  The song also peaked at number four on the Most Played Jukebox Hillbilly Records chart.

Lucky Millinder
Lucius Venable "Lucky" Millinder (August 8, 1910 – September 28, 1966) was an American swing and rhythm-and-blues bandleader. Although he could not read or write music, did not play an instrument and rarely sang, his showmanship and musical taste made his bands successful. His group was said to have been the greatest big band to play rhythm and blues, and gave work to a number of musicians who later became influential at the dawn of the rock and roll era. He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1986.
Eduard Pospichal
Eduard Ludvik Pospichal (13 June 1838 – 24 April 1905) was an Austrian botanist of Czech parentage born in Litomyšl in Bohemia (today in the Czech Republic).

Pospichal was a teacher at a secondary school in Trieste. He was the author of Flora des Oesterreichischen Küstenlandes (1897–99), a comprehensive treatise on flora found in regions on and around the northeast Adriatic coast. Also, he was also the author a study of plants found along the banks of the Cidlina and Mrdlina Rivers in Bohemia, titled Flora des Flussgebietes der Cidlina und Mrdlina (1881).

Cidlina
The Cidlina (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtsɪdlɪna]) is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Elbe River. It originates in the Liberec Region, but flows mainly through the Hradec Králové and Central Bohemian regions. It is 87.3 km (54.2 mi) long.
Attalea speciosa
Attalea speciosa, the babassu, babassu palm, babaçu, or cusi, is a palm native to the Amazon rainforest region in South America. The babassu palm is the predominant species in the Maranhão Babaçu forests of Maranhão and Piauí states.

This plant has commercial value because its seeds produce an edible oil called babassu oil, which is also used in cleaners and skin-care products. The fruit is used to produce products such as medicines, beauty aids, and beverages. Traditional communities of the Maranhão region also produce a flour from the fruit, and this is commercialized as a nutritional supplement. The leaves are also used to provide thatch for houses and can be woven into mats for constructing house walls. The stems are used for timbers. The babassu palm is considered a weed in pasture areas of Cerrado vegetation in Brazil.

Drink
A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages encompass coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine, have been consumed for centuries.

In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the psychoactive substance ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks typically refer to beverages that are traditionally alcoholic—such as beer, wine, or cocktails—but are produced with a very low alcohol by volume content. This category includes beverages that have undergone processes to remove or significantly reduce alcohol, such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.
Five circles theorem
In geometry, the five circles theorem states that, given five circles centered on a common sixth circle and intersecting each other chainwise on the same circle, the lines joining their second intersection points forms a pentagram whose points lie on the circles themselves.

Pentagram
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha, pentangle, or star pentagon) is a regular five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex (or simple, or non-self-intersecting) regular pentagon. Drawing a circle around the five points creates a similar symbol referred to as the pentacle, which is used widely by Wiccans and in paganism, or as a sign of life and connections.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".
The word pentagram refers to just the star and the word pentacle refers to the star within a circle, although there is some overlap in usage. The word pentalpha is a 17th-century revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.
Depth–slope product
The depth–slope product is used to calculate the shear stress at the bed of an open channel containing fluid that is undergoing steady, uniform flow. It is widely used in river engineering, stream restoration, sedimentology, and fluvial geomorphology. It is the product of the water depth and the mean bed slope, along with the acceleration due to gravity and density of the fluid.

Product (mathematics)
In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors. For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and  is the product of  and  (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).
When one factor is an integer, the product is called a multiple.

The order in which real or complex numbers are multiplied has no bearing on the product; this is known as the commutative law of multiplication. When matrices or members of various other associative algebras are multiplied, the product usually depends on the order of the factors. Matrix multiplication, for example, is non-commutative, and so is multiplication in other algebras in general as well.

There are many different kinds of products in mathematics: besides being able to multiply just numbers, polynomials or matrices, one can also define products on many different algebraic structures.
Heinz-Hermann Koelle
Heinz-Hermann Koelle (22 July 1925, in Danzig, Free City of Danzig – 20 February 2011, in Berlin, Germany) was a German aeronautical engineer who made the preliminary designs on the rocket that would emerge as the Saturn I. Closely associated with Wernher von Braun's team at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), he was a member of the launch crew on Explorer 1 and later directed the Marshall Space Flight Center's involvement in Project Apollo. In 1965, he accepted the Chair of Space Technology at Technische Universität Berlin.

Explorer 1
Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites, both launched by the Soviet Union during the previous year, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. This began a Space Race during the Cold War between the two nations.

Explorer 1 was launched on 1 February 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT (or 31 January 1958 at 22:47:56 Eastern Time) atop the first Juno I booster from LC-26A at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), in Florida. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970.

Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 00004 and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1, the forerunner to the modern International Designator.
Nature's Valley
Nature's Valley is a holiday resort and small village on the Garden Route along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Nature's Valley lies between the Salt River, the foothills of the Tsitsikamma Mountains, the Indian Ocean and the Groot River lagoon. Nature's Valley has a balmy climate and is surrounded by the de Vasselot Nature Reserve which is part of the Tsitsikamma Park, and in turn part of the Garden Route National Park.

Olea capensis
Olea capensis, the black ironwood, is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa: from the east in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan, south to the tip of South Africa, and west to Cameroon, Sierra Leone and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, as well as Madagascar and the Comoros. It occurs in bush, littoral scrub and evergreen forest.

Other common names in English include ironwood, ironwood olive, East African olive and Elgon olive.
Matakawau Point
Matakawau Point is a rural settlement on the east side of the Āwhitu Peninsula and west side of the Manukau Harbour in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. The mouth of Matakawau Creek is south of Matakawau Point.

The sandstone cliffs of the coast are prone to erosion, which has resulted in some areas of the Matakawau Point Reserve been fenced off. The local beaches are Sargeants Beach and Matakawau Beach. The latter beach and other low-lying areas are at risk of flooding.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
Albert Smith (Maine politician)
Albert Smith (January 3, 1793 – May 29, 1867) was a U.S. Representative from Maine.

Born in Hanover, Massachusetts, Smith attended the common schools and was graduated from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1813.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Portland, Maine, in 1817.  He served as member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1820.  He was United States Marshal for the district of Maine 1830–1838.

Smith was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841).  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress.  He died in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1867.  He was interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

27th United States Congress
The 27th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., between March 4, 1841, and March 4, 1843, during the one-month presidency of William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor, John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both chambers had a Whig majority, making the 27th Congress the only Whig-controlled Congress of the Second Party System.
Cosmic Gate
Cosmic Gate is a German DJ artist consisting of trance music producer Claus Terhoeven (born 1972) and formerly Stefan Bossems (born 1967). Both hail from Krefeld, Germany.

On October 28, 2009, DJ Magazine announced the results of their annual Top 100 DJ Poll, with Ultra Records artist Cosmic Gate placed #19, 43 spots above the group's ranking the year before. For the 2010 DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll, Cosmic Gate moved to #24.

Airscape
Airscape is a Belgian trance act composed of Johan Gielen. Formerly including Sven Maes, the group also recorded as Svenson & Gielen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsfɛnsɔn ɛŋ ˈɣilə(n)]) and several other pseudonyms. The original two-man group dissolved in 2005, each going solo. In 2009, Airscape was revived as a solo project by Johan Gielen.
MFS Investment Management
MFS Investment Management (MFS) is an American global investment manager that was formerly known as Massachusetts Financial Services. Founded in 1924, MFS is one of the oldest asset management companies in the world and has been credited with pioneering the mutual fund. The first mutual fund, the Massachusetts Investors Trust fund, is still in operation today. MFS had $645.3 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2024.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.