hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1891 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1891.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
August Möbs
August Möbs (8 August 1908 – 4 February 1944) was a German footballer.

He came to Eintracht Frankfurt from VfB Friedberg. For the Eagles Möbs scored loads of goals and reached with Eintracht the final rounds for the German championship in 1932 and 1933. In 1932 he lost with his club in the final match to Bayern Munich. On 4 February 1944, during World War II, Möbs was killed in an allied air raid on the Northern boroughs of Frankfurt.

VfB Friedberg
The VfB Friedberg is a German association football club from the town of Friedberg, Hesse.

In pre-Second World War football the club has played at times at highest level, most notable the six seasons spend in the Gauliga Hessen from 1933 to 1939. In post war play the club spent just one season in the tier two 2. Oberliga Süd in 1958–59. After relegation from the tier three Amateurliga Hessen in 1963 the club permanently disappeared into regional amateur football where it plays today.
Socialist Alternative (Australia)
Socialist Alternative (SA, SAlt, or SocAlt) is a socialist political organisation in Australia. Its members have organised numerous campaigns and protests around economic justice, LGBT rights, climate change, racism and refugee rights. The organisation is also involved in the trade union and student union movements. It has branches and student clubs in most major Australian cities and publishes the fortnightly newspaper Red Flag. Members of Socialist Alternative are sometimes referred to as Trotskyists.

Socialist Alternative organises the annual Marxism Conference in Melbourne, a public event featuring discussions on radical history, revolutionary theory, and anti-capitalist politics.

In 2018, Socialist Alternative helped to establish the Victorian Socialists, an electoral project to win federal, state, and local council positions for socialist candidates in the state of Victoria.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Wikked Lil' Grrrls
Wikked Lil' Grrrls is the second studio album by Canadian singer Esthero. It was released on June 28, 2005 in North America by Reprise Records.

It marked her first release since her 1998 debut Breath from Another, and was the first project released solely by Esthero since the disbanding of the eponymous duo consisting of herself and producer Doc McKinney, who produced the entirety of Breath from Another alongside Esthero. However, Doc does return as a producer for certain tracks on Wikked Lil' Grrrls.

Wikked Lil' Grrrls elicited mixed reviews upon release, with contemporary music critics generally praising her vocal performance but expressing mixed feelings regarding the record's eclecticism. The album gave Esthero her first album chart entry in the US, reaching number 24 on the US Heatseekers Albums chart. The album was promoted by the two singles, "We R in Need of a Musical Revolution" and "Fastlane."

Doc McKinney
Martin "Doc" McKinney (born August 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American record producer and songwriter. He was formerly one half of the duo (now solo act) Esthero. McKinney is widely credited with developing The Weeknd's sound as well as producing his mixtapes House of Balloons and Thursday; and executive producing and producing the majority of his third album Starboy (2016), which earned McKinney the 2016 Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Canada
Since its organization in New York in 1830, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has had a presence in Canada. Several church-related items that were the first of their kind outside the United States include: missionaries preaching (Upper Canada), establishment of a stake (Alberta Stake), and construction of a temple (Cardston Alberta Temple).

With the church reporting more than 200,000 members at year-end 2024, Canada ranks as having the 4th largest body of LDS Church members in North America and the 12th worldwide.  The 2021 Canadian Census survey reported approximately 0.2% of the population (about 87,725 people) identified themselves as church members.

Membership statistics (LDS Church)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) releases membership, congregational, and related information on a regular basis. The latest membership information the church releases includes a count of membership, stakes, wards, branches, missions, temples, and FamilySearch Centers for the worldwide church and for individual countries and territories where the church is recognized. The latest information released was as of December 31, 2024.

At the end of 2024, the LDS Church had 31,676 congregations and a reported membership of 17,509,781.
Linus Straßer
Linus Straßer (born 6 November 1992) is a German World Cup alpine ski racer who specializes in the slalom discipline. He won a team silver medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

His first qualification for a World Cup second run came in a giant slalom at Beaver Creek in December 2014, but he failed to finish. Straßer has competed in five World Championships; in his first in 2015 at Beaver Creek, he was in tenth in the slalom. His first World Cup podium was a victory in a parallel slalom race in Stockholm in January 2017.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Sawtooth Fault
The Sawtooth Fault is an east-dipping normal fault (vertical motion) which runs along the eastern base of the Sawtooth Mountains in the state of Idaho in the United States.

In 2010, Glenn Thackray and colleagues from Idaho State University discovered the Sawtooth Fault near the base of the mountains using LIDAR. They found that it could produce an earthquake measuring up to magnitude 7.5 and that two past large earthquakes likely took place on the fault around 7,000 and 4,000 years ago. The fault is 40 mi (64 km) long, and runs near Stanley, Idaho, and Redfish Lake. Future earthquakes could be felt as far as Boise.

On March 31, 2020, the 6.5 magnitude 2020 Central Idaho earthquake struck about 16 km north-northeast of the Sawtooth Fault. However, this quake is likely not on the Sawtooth Fault as it had strike-slip motion rather than up-down motion of a normal fault.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
German submarine U-36 (1936)
German submarine U-36 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine which served during World War II. She was constructed in the earliest days of the U-boat arm at Kiel in 1936, and served in the pre-war Navy in the Baltic Sea and North Sea under Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Klaus Ewerth. Korvettenkapitän (K.Kapt.) Wilhelm Fröhlich took command in October 1938 and continued in the role until the boat was lost.

During her service, U-36 undertook three patrols (1 pre-war and 2 war), but was sunk by a torpedo fired by HMS Salmon. She was lost with all hands.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Royce R. Lewellen
Royce Rutledge Lewellen (September 25, 1930 – September 2, 2020) was a California Superior Court Judge in Santa Barbara County and namesake of the Royce R. Lewellen Justice Center in Santa Maria, CA.  He was also co-owner of Lucas & Lewellen Vineyards in Santa Barbara County.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
2016 Washington State Treasurer election
The 2016 Washington State Treasurer election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the Washington State Treasurer, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of Washington. Washington is one of two states that holds a top-two primary, meaning that all candidates are listed on the same ballot regardless of party affiliation, and the top two move on to the general election.

Incumbent Democratic State Treasurer James McIntire announced on December 16, 2015, that he would not seek a third term. Republican Benton County Treasurer Duane Davidson won the election, defeating fellow Republican Michael Waite. This was the first time a Republican had been elected to the office of Treasurer of Washington since 1952.

The top-two primary was held on August 2.

Secretary of State of Washington
The secretary of state of Washington is an independently elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Washington. Fifteen individuals have held the office of Secretary of State since statehood. The incumbent is Steve Hobbs, a Democrat.

The Secretary of State most notably manages elections, the office that posts the names of candidates for public offices manages the printing and distribution of ballots.
Sebastian Fitz
Sebastian Fitz (born 12 August 1979) is a German former professional tennis player.

A left-handed player, Fitz reached a career high singles ranking of 257 in the world. His only ATP Tour singles main draw appearance came as a lucky loser at the 2004 Nottingham Open, where he was beaten in the first round by Victor Hănescu in three sets. He made the second qualifying round of the 2005 Australian Open.

Fitz has a younger sister, Christina, who also competed on the professional tennis tour.

2004 Nottingham Open
The 2004 Nottingham Open, also known as The Nottingham Open presented by The Sunday Telegraph for sponsorship reasons,  was the 2004 edition of the Nottingham Open men's tennis tournament and played on outdoor grass courts. The tournament was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from 14 June through 19 June 2004. Paradorn Srichaphan won the singles title.
Hatun Pastu
Hatun Pastu (Quechua hatun big, pastu grass (a borrowing from Spanish pasto) also spelled Jatun Pasto) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,170 metres (16,962 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, on the border of the districts Palca and Paratía, southeast of the mountain Qillqa and north of Waykira.

An intermittent stream named Hatun Pastu originates north of the mountain. It is a tributary of the river Wila Wila (Vila Vila) whose waters flow to Lake Titicaca.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Fora
Fora, LLC (Ukrainian: Фора) is a Ukrainian national retail company that operates a chain of stores Fora (also called supermarket) and premium delicacy store Favore, operated by Fozzy Group. Its headquarters are located at Fozzy Fud in neighbourhood Lisky of the Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv. Company was founded by Volodymyr Kostelman in December 2002. Most of its stores are concentrated in the Kyiv metropolitan area. The stores are partially automated, with customers able to purchase products without being checked out by a cashier using a self-service checkout.

Kyiv metropolitan area
The Kyiv metropolitan area (Ukrainian: Київська агломерація, romanized: Kyivska ahlomeratsiia) is an unofficially designated urban agglomeration within the outer boundary of Kyiv Oblast in Ukraine. The metropolitan area is not officially defined, but it generally includes Kyiv and surrounding suburban and satellite settlements within Kyiv Oblast that are closely integrated with the capital through commuting, economic activity, and infrastructure.  It is ranked among the 10 largest metropolitan areas in Europe.
Boom Boom Baby
Boom Boom Baby is an album by Billy "Crash" Craddock. The songs were released in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The CD was released in 1992 on Bear Family Records. The only hit song in the United States was "Don't Destroy Me". The song reached No. 94 on the pop charts in November 1959. A few of the songs were hits in Australia. The songs "LuLu Lee" and "Ah, Poor Little Baby" were released on Date Records in 1958. The other tracks were released on Columbia Records in 1959-1961.

Bear Family Records
Bear Family Records is a Germany-based independent record label that specializes in reissues of archival material, specialising primarily in country music but varying in everything from 1950s rock and roll to vintage German movie soundtracks.
Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania
Lemont Furnace is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in North Union Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located 3 miles (5 km) northeast of the city of Uniontown and approximately 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. The community is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, the population of Lemont Furnace was 827.

Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, a Commonwealth Campus of the Pennsylvania State University system, is located 2 miles (3 km) north of Lemont Furnace. The campus serves the students of Fayette, Greene, Somerset, Washington, and Westmoreland counties in southwestern Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses
The Pennsylvania State University is a geographically-dispersed university with campuses located throughout Pennsylvania. While the administrative hub of the university is located at its flagship campus in Penn State University Park, the 19 additional Commonwealth Campuses together enroll 37 percent of Penn State's undergraduate student population.
Bhagirathi Mahapatra
Bhagirathi Mohapatra was an Indian politician. He was a member of central legislative assembly from (1945–1947).He was a member of parliament, representing Odisha in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.Sri Bhagirathi Mohapatra was also the founder secretary of Utkal Pradesh congress Committee (1921-1937) along with UtkalaMani Pandit Gopabandhu Das, who was also the founder president. He was also one of the main trustee of Swaraj Ashram, Odisha (1940).

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Bevan Smith
Bevan Duncan Smith (born 18 July 1950) is a former New Zealand sprinter. He won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games.

He represented New Zealand at the 1972 Summer Olympics, placing 4th in his heat of the 2nd round of the 200 metres.

At the 1974 British Commonwealth Games he came 4th in the 400 metres, and was part of the men's 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relay teams that placed 7th and 5th respectively. Smith competed at his second Commonwealth Games in 1978 where he made the quarter finals of the 200 metres and ran in the 4 x 100 and 4 x 400 relay teams again.

Smith finished third behind David Jenkins in the 400 metres event at the 1975 AAA Championships.

1974 British Commonwealth Games
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1974 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. The event was officially named "the friendly games".

There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials, according to the official history, and public attendance was excellent. The main venue was the QEII Park, purpose-built for this event, which included the athletics stadium, fully covered Olympic standard pool, diving pool, and practice pools.

The Games village was located at the University of Canterbury and had accommodation in the halls of residence and a dining hall for the competitors.

The theme song was "Join Together", sung by Steve Allen. The event was held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes.
1963 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1963 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Appendix J Touring Cars. It was contested over a single 25 lap, 50 mile (80 km) race at the Mallala Race Circuit in South Australia on 15 April 1963 and was the fourth running of the Australian Touring Car Championship. The race was won by Bob Jane, driving a Jaguar Mark 2 4.1.

Australian Touring Car Championship
The Australian Touring Car Championship (ATCC) is a touring car racing award held in Australia since 1960. The series itself is no longer contested, but the title lives on, with the winner of the Repco Supercars Championship awarded the trophy and title of Australian Touring Car Champion.
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Hyaline cartilage is pearl-gray in color, with a firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
Ferry Mingelen
Ferdinand Charles (Ferry) Mingelen (born 12 December 1947 in The Hague) is a Dutch parliamentary journalist.

Before his television career he was a reporter for Het Vrije Volk, Trouw and the GPD newspapers.

In 1984, he became presenter of the Den Haag Vandaag (The Hague Today) political news show for the NOS (Dutch public television), which later became a part of the news show Nova. In September 2010, he started working for Nieuwsuur, the successor of Nova (the name Den Haag Vandaag did not return in this programme). Mingelen was also the presenter of the coverage of Dutch elections for the NOS.

In 2012, Mingelen received the 2011 Anne Vondeling prize.

Mingelen had his last report for the NOS on 4 December 2013, where he appeared on Nieuwsuur. Two days later, he announced he would become the political analyst for the Pauw & Witteman talkshow. This show ended in May 2014.

Geassocieerde Pers Diensten
The Geassocieerde Pers Diensten (GPD) was a Netherlands based news agency.

The predecessor of the GPD, the Gemeenschappelijke Persdienst was formed in 1936 when the directors of several regional newspapers collaborated and formed their own news agency. In this way they thought they would be able to compete with the national media. The GPD was formed in 1994 from a merger of the Stichting Pers Unie with the Gemeenschappelijke Persdienst.

The GPD ceased to operate on 1 January 2013 when it lost its contract to supply news with the Wegener media company, a producer of mainly regional newspapers.
Yummy Yummy (TV series)
Yummy Yummy (Chinese: 雅米雅米, also known as Food for Life) is an episodic drama filmed by Singapore's Mediacorp and Hong Kong's Television Broadcasts Limited in a joint collaboration. It was released in August 2005. The series is notable for being one of the few Singaporean co-productions in a language other than English or Mandarin Chinese.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.