hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivy Joan Young
Ivy Joan Young (December 23, 1947 - April 24, 2023) was an African American lesbian journalist, activist, poet, and photographer who actively campaigned for improved LGBTQ and civil and political rights in the United States and beyond.

Sweet Honey in the Rock
Sweet Honey in the Rock are an all-female, African-American a cappella ensemble that started in 1973. They are a three-time Grammy Award–nominated troupe who express their history as black women through song, dance, and sign language. Originally a four-person ensemble, the group has expanded to five-part harmonies, with a sixth member acting as a sign-language interpreter. Although the members have changed over five decades, the group continues to sing and perform worldwide.
Mary Elizabeth Turner Salter
Mary Elizabeth Turner Salter (15 March 1856 – 12 September 1938) was an American soprano and composer. She was born in Peoria, Illinois, the daughter of Jonathan and Mary E. Hinds Turner. Turner graduated from Burlington High School in Burlington, Iowa, and the Boston College of Music, and then worked as a voice teacher at Wellesley College and performed in churches. In 1881 she married Sumner Salter. She died in Orangeburg, New York. She was one of the founding members of the American Society of Women Composers.

Burlington, Iowa
Burlington is a city in and the county seat of Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,982 in the 2020 census, a decline from the 26,839 population in 2000. Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area, which includes West Burlington and Middletown, Iowa, and Gulfport, Illinois. Burlington is the home of Snake Alley, the crookedest street on earth.
Sihali Jageer
Sihali Jageer (also known as Sihali Jagir) is a village in the Hasanpur subdistrict of the Amroha district within Jyotiba Phule Nagar in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Sihali Jageer is also famous for plants Nursery .

Sihali Jageer is a gram panchayat administered by a sarpanch. The village was originally settled by Pathans, 400 years ago. Sindh Mohalla was the first Mohalla of this village which settled by two brothers, Peer Khan and Meer Khan.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Steve Johnson (Michigan politician)
Steven B. Johnson (born December 2, 1990) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives, elected to represent Michigan's 72nd House of Representatives district in 2016.

Michigan's 72nd House of Representatives district
Michigan's 72nd House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 72nd House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Genesee, Livingston and Oakland counties. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
Gustav Ammann
Gustav Ammann (9 July 1885 – 23 March 1955) was a Swiss landscape architect who worked in the modernist style and influenced garden architecture in Switzerland. He has worked on over 1,700 projects, including the namesake Gustav Ammann Park in Zürich.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Ludwig Venetianer
Ludwig Venetianer (Hungarian: Venetianer Lajos) (May 19, 1867 in Kecskemét – November 25, 1922 in Újpest) was a Hungarian rabbi and writer.

Venetianer was born in Kecskemét. He studied at the rabbinical seminary and the University of Budapest, at the Jewish Theological Seminary (Breslau) and the University of Breslau, 1888–89 (Ph.D. 1890, Budapest). Receiving his diploma as rabbi from the Budapest University of Jewish Studies in 1892, he officiated as rabbi at Somogy-Csurgó from that year to 1895, holding at the same time the chair of Hungarian and German literatures at the Evangelical Reform Gymnasium of that city. In 1895 he was called to the rabbinate of Lugos, and in the following year to the rabbinate of Újpest near Budapest.

Kecskemét
Kecskemét (US: /ˈkɛtʃkɛmeɪt/ KETCH-kem-ayt Hungarian: [ˈkɛt͡ʃkɛmeːt]) is a city with county rights in central Hungary. It is the eighth-largest city in the country, and the county seat of Bács-Kiskun.

Kecskemét lies halfway between the capital Budapest and the country's third-largest city, Szeged, 86 kilometres (53 miles) from both of them and almost equal distance from the two big rivers of the country, the Danube and the Tisza. It is the northern of two centres of the Hungarian Southern Great Plain (Hungarian: Dél-Alföld) region (comprising the three counties Bács-Kiskun, Békés and Csongrád); the southern centre is Szeged, the seat of Csongrád county.
Chapel of Saint Casimir
The Chapel of Saint Casimir is a Roman Catholic chapel, that is dedicated to Saint Casimir, located in the Vilnius Cathedral, in Vilnius, Lithuania. The chapel was built in 1623–36 after Prince Casimir (1458–1484) was canonized as saint. It was built and decorated in the Baroque style by Italian sculptors and architects commissioned by Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. The centerpiece of the chapel is a faux marble altar which holds the silver sarcophagus with Casimir's remains and the painting Three-Handed St. Casimir.

Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (pl.: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word sarcophagus comes from the Greek σάρξ sarx meaning "flesh", and φαγεῖν phagein meaning "to eat"; hence sarcophagus means "flesh-eating", from the phrase lithos sarkophagos (λίθος σαρκοφάγος), "flesh-eating stone". The word also came to refer to a particular kind of limestone that was thought to rapidly facilitate the decomposition of the flesh of corpses contained within it due to the chemical properties of the limestone itself.
Petro-occipital fissure
This grooved surface of the foramen magnum is separated on either side from the petrous portion of the temporal bone by the petro-occipital fissure (also Ecker fissure), which is occupied in the fresh state by a plate of cartilage; the fissure is continuous behind with the jugular foramen, and its margins are grooved for the inferior petrosal sinus.

Jugular foramen
A jugular foramen is one of the two (left and right) large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal. It is formed by the temporal bone and the occipital bone. It allows many structures to pass, including the inferior petrosal sinus, three cranial nerves, the sigmoid sinus, and the posterior meningeal artery.
Jane Edward Schilling
Jane Edward Schilling, CSJ (October 8, 1930 – September 13, 2017) was an American activist, historian, university administrator, and religious sister who served as founding Vice President of Martin University in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet
The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (CSJ) are a Catholic congregation of women religious which traces its origins to the Sisters of St. Joseph founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, around 1650. The design of the congregation was based on the spirituality of the Society of Jesus. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet became a separate congregation of pontifical right on May 16, 1877.
Songs of Last Resort
Songs of Last Resort is the tenth studio album by Swedish heavy metal band the Haunted. The album was released on 30 May 2025 through Century Media Records. The nearly eight years since Strength in Numbers makes it the longest gap between studio albums in the band's career.

Ola Englund
Ola "The Swede" Englund (born 27 September 1981) is a Swedish guitarist, YouTuber, record producer, and the owner of Solar Guitars. He is a founding member of the band Feared, plays lead guitar in the Swedish heavy metal band The Haunted, and is a former member of the band Six Feet Under. He has also been a member of Scarpoint, Facing Death, Subcyde, and Sorcerer.

In 2018 and 2019, Total Guitar magazine recognized him as Best Internet Personality. In 2019, he released his first solo album, Master of the Universe. His second solo album, Starzinger, was released on 26 April 2021.

Englund has a YouTube channel under his own name with nearly a million subscribers, where he creates videos about metal-related topics, including gear demos, news, artist interviews, Q&A sessions, and behind-the-scenes footage of his bands' gigs and business.
Lane Beattie
Lane Beattie is an American businessman and politician from the state of Utah.

Beattie served in the Utah Senate from 1989 through 2000, representing the 23rd Utah Senate District. He served as Senate Majority Leader from 1993 through 1994 and Senate President from 1995. He opted not to seek reelection in 2000. Beattie helped plan the 2002 Winter Olympics, held in Salt Lake City, and consulted with the committee planning the 2010 Winter Olympics, held in Vancouver, Canada. Beattie is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce, and he was named to the board of directors of the United States Chamber of Commerce in 2011.

Beattie was a potential candidate in the 2016 election for the United States Senate seat held by Mike Lee.

Utah State Senate
The Utah State Senate is the upper house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The Utah Senate is composed of 29 elected members, each representing one senate district. Each senate district is composed of approximately 95,000 people. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms without term limits. The Senate convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.

The last elections were held in 2024.
North Pare Mountains
The North Pare Mountains is a mountain range located entirely within Mwanga District of Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania, extending from Ruvu River on the border with Moshi Rural District to Mgagao Ward in on the border with Same District. The range is part of East Africa's Eastern Arc Mountains chain known as the Pare Mountains. The other range is the South Pare Mountains. The North Pare and South Pare mountains are named after the original inhabitants of the area, the Pare people. The average elevation of the highlands is 1613m. The highest peak in the North Pare is Kindoroko Peak at 2,100m. The North Pare Mountains are divided into four ranges, Mramba in the northeast, Ngofe in the north, Mruma in the center, and Mwanga Ndorowe to the south. The mountains are also home to archaeological sites of ancient iron smithing done by the ancestors of the Pare. Currently, there are three protected forests on the mountain range; Kindoroko, Minja, and Mramba forest reserves.

Same District, Kilimanjaro
Same is one of the seven districts of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by the Mwanga District, to the northeast by Kenya, to the south and southeast by the Korogwe District and Lushoto District of Tanga Region, and to the west by Simanjiro District of Manyara Region. The district capital is the town of Same, Tanzania. The south Pare Mountains are located within the district's boundaries and so is a part of Mkomazi National Park.
According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Same District was 212,235. The population had risen to 300,303 according to the 2022 Tanzania National Census.
Toyota Tarago
The Toyota Tarago is the marketing name for several Toyota people mover vans sold in the Australian market from 1983 to 2019.

From February 1983 to 1990, the Tarago was a rebadged version of the Toyota TownAce/MasterAce Surf sold in Japan.

From September 1990 to late 2019, the Tarago had reflected the Toyota Previa model, with new models released in June 2000 and March 2006.

It is named after the Australian town of Tarago, New South Wales. It was replaced by the H300 Granvia.

First generation (R20/R30; 1983–1990) Main article: Toyota TownAce

Second generation (XR10; 1990–2000) Main article: Toyota Previa

Third generation (XR30; 2000-2005) Main article: Toyota Previa

Fourth generation (XR50; 2006–2019) Main article: Toyota Previa

Van
A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. There is some variation in the scope of the word across the different English-speaking countries. The smallest vans, microvans, are used for transporting either goods or people in tiny quantities. Mini MPVs, compact MPVs, and MPVs are all small vans usually used for transporting people in small quantities. Larger vans with passenger seats are used for institutional purposes, such as transporting students. Larger vans with only front seats are often used for business purposes, to carry goods and equipment. Specially equipped vans are used by television stations as mobile studios. Postal services and courier companies use large step vans to deliver packages.
Agriculture Building
The Agriculture Building is a historic state government office building located at Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina.  It was built between 1921 and 1923, and is a five-story, Classical Revival.  It is sheathed in warm yellow stone, with massive, ashlar veneer, on the ground floor.  An addition was built in the 1950s, giving the building an "L"-shape.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Agriculture Building is a Raleigh Historic Landmark and located in the Capitol Area Historic District.

Wake County, North Carolina
Wake County, officially the County of Wake, is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,129,410, making it North Carolina's most populous county. From July 2005 to July 2006, Wake County was the 9th-fastest growing county in the United States, with Cary and Raleigh being the 8th- and 15th-fastest growing communities, respectively.

Its county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. Eleven other municipalities are in Wake County, the largest of which is the town of Cary, the third-most populous city of the Research Triangle region and the seventh-most populous municipality in North Carolina.

It is governed by the Wake County Board of Commissioners, coterminous with the Wake County Public School System, with law enforcement provided by the Wake County Sheriff's Department. It is also part of the wider Triangle J Council of Governments, which governs regional planning.
Gu Shanqing
Gu Shanqing (Chinese: 谷善庆; November 1931 – 23 July 2024) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as political commissar of the Chengdu Military Region from April 1990 to November 1992 and political commissar of the Beijing Military Region from November 1992 to November 1996.

He was a member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress.

14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1992 to 1997. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 13th Central Committee. It was elected by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in turn elected the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
Supermarine Swan
The Supermarine Swan was a 1920s British commercial biplane flying boat designed by R.J. Mitchell. A single machine was built by Supermarine at their works at Woolston, Southampton. The world's first twin-engine amphibian aircraft, it was the precursor to the Supermarine Southampton.

Completed as a wooden aerial reconnaissance flying boat, the Swan first flew on 25 March 1924. It was on display at Woolston during a visit by the Prince of Wales in June 1924. In 1926, it was registered as G-EBJY, having been converted for use as a passenger carrier, and was loaned to Imperial Airways to supplement their commercial fleet. The Swan's accommodation was modified to allow for up 10 passengers. After being used for a passenger service between England and France, the Swan was returned to the Air Ministry in March 1927. It was scrapped the following year.

Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force and civil aviation that existed from 1918 to 1964.  It was under the political authority of the Secretary of State for Air.
Casaletto Vaprio
Casaletto Vaprio (Cremish: Casalèt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cremona. Notable natives include the composer Stefano Pavesi.

Casaletto Vaprio borders the following municipalities: Campagnola Cremasca, Capralba, Cremosano, Quintano, Trescore Cremasco.

Province of Cremona
The province of Cremona (Italian: provincia di Cremona; Cremunés: pruvìncia de Cremùna; Cremish: pruìnsa de Cremùna; Casalasco-Viadanese: pruvìncia ad Cramòna) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital city is Cremona.

The province occupies the central section of Padana Plain, so the whole territory is flat, without any mountains or hills, crossed by several rivers, such as the Serio and Adda, and artificial canals, most of which are used for irrigation.

The river Po, which is the longest Italian river, is the natural boundary with the adjoining province of Piacenza, while the Oglio separates the province from Brescia.
Wally Hood (American football)
A. Wallace Hood (February 11, 1935 – April 28, 2017) was an American football  coach. A graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, he served as the head football coach at Ohio Northern University in Ada, Ohio from 1974 to 1981, Fairmont State University in Fairmont, West Virginia from 1984 to 1991, and Otterbein University from 1995 to 2000, compiling a career college football coaching record of 112–112–8.

Fairmont, West Virginia
Fairmont is a city in Marion County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 18,313 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is the principal city of the Fairmont micropolitan area, which includes all of Marion County in North Central West Virginia and had a population of 56,205 in 2020. Fairmont is also a principal city of the larger Morgantown–Fairmont combined statistical area. The city is home to Fairmont State University, serving more than 3,000 students.
Per G. Stavnum
Per Gullik Stavnum (26 December 1941 – 14 April 2012) was a Norwegian diplomat.

He was born in Oslo, and is a cand.jur. by education. He started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1969. He became assistant secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before started working for the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, including a tenure as the agency representative in New Delhi. He was acting deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Development Cooperation, then served as deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1991.

He was the Norwegian ambassador to Lithuania from 1991 to 1996 where he was decorated with the 2nd Class Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, to Vietnam from 2000 to 2005 and to Zimbabwe from 2005 to 2008. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav and as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. He died on 14 April 2012.

Ministry of Development Cooperation (Norway)
The Norwegian Ministry of Development Cooperation (Norwegian: Departementet for utviklingshjelp, DUH) was a Norwegian ministry effective from 1 January 1984 and disestablished 31 December 1989. From 1 January 1990 the ministry was included as a department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Reidun Brusletten served as the Minister of Development Cooperation from 1984 to 1986, Vesla Vetlesen from 1986 to 1988, Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl from 1988 to 1989, and Tom Vraalsen from 1989.
James Behrens
James Behrens (born in the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, 30 June 1824; died in San Jose, California, 6 March 1898), was an entomologist. He was graduated at the gymnasium Katharineum in Lubeck in 1841, and in 1853 came to the United States. He settled in California, where he became a recognized authority on entomology, in particular Lepidoptera. Behrens contributed papers to scientific journals, and was a member of many scientific societies in the United States and Europe.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). "BEHRENS, James". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

Katharineum
The Katharineum zu Lübeck is a humanistic gymnasium founded 1531 in the Hanseatic city Lübeck, Germany. In 2006 the 475th anniversary of this Latin school was celebrated with several events. The school uses the buildings of a former Franciscan monastery next to Saint Catherine Church, which was extended in the 1880s.

At the Katharineum it is possible to choose Latin as the first foreign language. In year nine it is also possible to choose ancient Greek as the third foreign language.

Thomas Mann, himself a student of the Katharineum, thought of this school when describing the school Hanno went to in the Buddenbrooks. Mann, who as a bad student had to resit two years, made it clear that he disliked the Katharineum by describing both the school and the teachers with strong sarcasm. His brother Heinrich Mann described the school and one infamous teacher in Professor Unrat.

Werner von Siemens

Stained glass

First floor plan of St. Catherine's monastery
1995 Trans Service Airlift Electra crash
The Trans Service Airlift Lockheed L-188 crash occurred on 18 December 1995 when a Lockheed L-188C Electra owned by Trans Service Airlift crashed near Jamba, Angola, killing 141 of the passengers and crew.

Jamba, Cuando
17°27′21″S 22°36′47″E﻿ / ﻿17.45583°S 22.61306°E﻿ / -17.45583; 22.61306

Jamba is a town in Angola, located in the municipality of Luiana in the southeastern province of Cuando, just north of the Namibian border along the Caprivi Strip.

The town is best known as the former military headquarters of UNITA, a rebel movement supported by South Africa and the United States that fought the Soviet-aligned and supported government in the Angolan Civil War, a Cold War conflict.