hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 SANFL Grand Final
The 2023 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final was an Australian rules football match played at Adelaide Oval on Sunday, 24 September 2023. It was the 135th SANFL grand final, staged to determine the premiers for the 2023 SANFL season. The match was contested by Glenelg and Sturt, and the Glenelg Tigers won by 24 points to win their sixth premiership.

It was the fourth meeting between the Glenelg Tigers and the Sturt Double Blues, who last met in the 1974 Grand Final at Football Park with a victory to Sturt, but it would ultimately be the Tigers' first-ever premiership over the Double Blues and their second premiership in the last five years.

The Jack Oatey Medal was awarded to Lachlan Hosie for his incredible six-goal performance, and he was additionally awarded the Ken Farmer Medal for being the leading goalkicker in the home-and-away rounds.

Ken Farmer Medal
The Ken Farmer Medal is named in honour of the Australian rules football full-forward Ken Farmer, who played for North Adelaide Football Club for his entire 13-season career, being North Adelaide's leading goalkicker all 13 seasons he played and leading the league overall for 11 of those seasons, four more than any other player in the league's history. The medal is awarded to the South Australian Football League's (SANFL) top goalkicker at the end of the home-and-away matches each season and was instigated in 1981.
The Cloud Minders
"The Cloud Minders" is the twenty-first episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by Margaret Armen (based on a story by David Gerrold and Oliver Crawford) and directed by Jud Taylor, it was first broadcast on February 28, 1969.

In the episode, Captain Kirk races against time to acquire plague-fighting minerals from a world suffering from a grievous social class disparity.

Oliver Crawford
Oliver Crawford (August 12, 1917 – September 24, 2008) was an American screenwriter and author who overcame the Hollywood blacklist during the McCarthy Era of the 1950s to become one of the entertainment industry's most successful television writers. Shows that Crawford wrote for include Star Trek, Bonanza, Quincy, M.E., Perry Mason, and the Kraft Television Theatre.
Frederick Jackson Turner
Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932) was an American historian during the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin-Madison until 1910, and then Harvard University.  He was known primarily for his frontier thesis. He trained many PhDs who went on to become well-known historians.  He promoted interdisciplinary and quantitative methods, often with an emphasis on the Midwestern United States.

Turner's essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" included ideas that formed the frontier thesis. In it, Turner argued that the moving western frontier exerted a strong influence on American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890. He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism. During recent years historians and academics have argued frequently over Turner's work; however, all agree that the frontier thesis has had an enormous effect on historical scholarship.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
IB Group 2 subjects
The Group 2: Language acquisition (previously Second Language) subjects of the IB Diploma Programme consist of the nearly 80 additional languages offered and may be studied at the following levels: B (SL or HL), or ab initio (SL only). Latin and Classical Greek are also offered and may be taken at SL or HL. To earn an IB Diploma, a candidate must study an additional language, though a second Language A may be taken instead of studying that language as a Group 2 subject.

History of Greek
Greek is an Indo-European language, the sole surviving descendant of the Hellenic sub-family. Although it split off from other Indo-European languages around the 3rd millennium BCE (or possibly before), it is first attested in the Bronze Age as Mycenaean Greek. During the Archaic and Classical eras, Greek speakers wrote numerous texts in a variety of dialects known collectively as Ancient Greek. In the Hellenistic era, these dialects underwent dialect levelling to form Koine Greek which was used as a lingua franca throughout the eastern Roman Empire, and later grew into Medieval Greek. For much of the period of Modern Greek, the language existed in a situation of diglossia, where speakers would switch between informal varieties known as Dimotiki and a formal one known as Katharevousa. Present-day Modern Standard Greek is largely an outgrowth of Dimotiki, with some features retained from Katharevousa.
Filip Šimka
Filip Šimka (born February 18, 1986) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing in the Polish Hockey Superleague. He had previously played in the Slovak Extraliga with MHC Martin and HK Nitra.

HK Nitra
Hokejový Klub Nitra is a professional ice hockey club based in Nitra, Slovakia. The club has been a member of the Slovak Extraliga since the 2003–04 season and winner of Slovak Extraliga in the 2015–16 season and 2023–24 season.
Jay Macpherson
Jean Jay Macpherson (June 13, 1931 – March 21, 2012) was a Canadian lyric poet and scholar. The Encyclopædia Britannica calls her "a member of 'the mythopoeic school of poetry,' who expressed serious religious and philosophical themes in symbolic verse that was often lyrical or comic."

Lyric poetry
Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry that expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in a first-person narrative.
The term for both modern lyric poetry and modern song lyrics derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the Greek lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on an instrument known as a kithara, a seven-stringed lyre (hence "lyric"). These three are not equivalent, though song lyrics are often in the lyric mode and Ancient Greek lyric poetry was principally chanted verse.

The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle among three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic, and epic. Lyric poetry is one of the earliest forms of literature.
Gull Island Light (Wisconsin)
Gull Island Light is a lighthouse on Gull Island, one of the Apostle Islands, in Lake Superior in northern Wisconsin, in Ashland County, Wisconsin, US. The lighthouse was constructed in 1928 and is currently owned by the Coast Guard. Both grounds and tower are closed.

Ashland County, Wisconsin
Ashland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,027. Its county seat is Ashland. The county was formed on March 27, 1860, from La Pointe County. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians.
Sahauran
Sahauran is a village in Mohali district, Punjab, India, located on NH 205. The village falls under tehsil Kharar, and is about 23 km (14 mi) from Chandigarh. The neighbouring towns of village sahauran are Kurali (5 km (3.1 mi)), Kharar (5 km (3.1 mi)), Ropar (20 km (12 mi)). The nearest airport is Chandigarh International Airport which is 28 km (17 mi) away from village. The population is about 5000.

The postal pin code is 140103.

Chandigarh Airport
Chandigarh Airport (IATA: IXC, ICAO: VICG), officially Shaheed Bhagat Singh International Airport, is an international airport serving the union territory of Chandigarh, India. The airport is located in Jhiurheri, Mohali, Punjab and shares space with the Indian Air Force. The airport caters to 17 domestic destinations and two international destinations. The airport is named after the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh. The airport is operated by CHIAL (Chandigarh International Airport Limited) which is a joint venture company between Airports Authority of India (51%), Government of Punjab (24.5%) and Government of Haryana (24.5%).

The airport was awarded as the  'Best Airport by Hygiene Measures'  in the Asia-Pacific region in 2021, by Airports Council International.
Aoi Teshima
Aoi Teshima (手嶌葵, Teshima Aoi; born June 21, 1987) is a Japanese singer and voice actress from Kasuga, Fukuoka. She is known for singing and acting in several Goro Miyazaki movies including Tales from Earthsea and From Up on Poppy Hill.

The Rose (song)
"The Rose" is a pop song written by Amanda McBroom. Bette Midler made the song famous when she recorded it for her 1979 film The Rose, in which it plays during the closing credits. It has been recorded multiple times, including by Conway Twitty and Westlife who had US Country & Western and UK number one hits with the song, respectively. Nana Mouskouri recorded a German version (Die Rose), also in 1980, as well as an English version.
Bruce Bromberg
Bruce Bromberg (October 31, 1941 – December 27, 2021) was an American Grammy Award winning producer of blues music.

He was born in Chicago, and raised there and in Park Forest, Illinois.  In 1958, he moved with his family to Los Angeles, and began working for various record labels. Since the late 1960s, he was responsible for producing albums by Lightnin' Hopkins, Phillip Walker, Johnny Shines, Lonesome Sundown, Ted Hawkins, Robert Cray, Joe Louis Walker, Dave Alvin, Chris Thomas King, Johnny Childs and many others, as well as supervising many reissues of archive material.  He formed HighTone Records with Larry Sloven in 1983, and achieved success with Cray's albums in particular from the early 1980s onwards. The label was sold in 2008.

Bromberg was announced as an inductee to the Blues Hall of Fame for 2011.

He died on December 27, 2021, after a long illness.

Lightnin' Hopkins
Samuel John "Lightnin'" Hopkins (March 15, 1912 – January 30, 1982) was an American country blues singer, songwriter, guitarist and occasional pianist from Centerville, Texas. In 2010, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him No. 71 on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.
Chainback darter
The chainback darter (Percina nevisense) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in North America where it occurs in the Roanoke-Chowan river drainage in Virginia south to the Neuse River drainage in North Carolina.  It prefers gravel runs and riffles of small to medium-sized rivers.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex
The Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex sits above Cretaceous-age strata ranging from ≈145-66 Ma (million years ago). These Cretaceous-aged sediments lie above the eroded Ouachita Mountains and the Fort Worth Basin, which was formed by the Ouachita Orogeny. Going from west to east in the DFW Metroplex and down towards the Gulf of Mexico, the strata get progressively younger. The Cretaceous sediments dip very gently (about 1°) to the east.

Coccolith
Coccoliths are individual plates or scales of calcium carbonate formed by coccolithophores (single-celled phytoplankton such as Emiliania huxleyi) and cover the cell surface arranged in the form of a spherical shell, called a coccosphere.
Charles Giancarlo
Charles Henry "Charlie" Giancarlo (born 1957) is an American entrepreneur and investor. He is the chairman and CEO of data storage company Pure Storage. He is a former senior executive of Cisco Systems and Silver Lake Partners.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Cecil J. Williams
Cecil J. Williams (born November 26, 1937) is an American photographer, publisher, author and inventor who is best known for his photographs documenting the civil rights movement in South Carolina.

He began his career at an early age, photographing wedding and family parties. He studied art at Claflin University, while also being a photographer for the university.

His work has been published in hundreds of books, newspapers and television documentaries. His photography and art has been exhibited in galleries in the Southeast.

The Cecil Williams South Carolina Civil Rights Museum in his hometown of Orangeburg, South Carolina features hundreds of his photographs documenting the civil rights movement for national publications. The museum focuses on history he has captured in South Carolina.

Orangeburg, South Carolina
Orangeburg is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2020 census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college) and South Carolina State University (a public university).
Kanjia Lake
Kanjia Lake (Odia: କାଞ୍ଜିଆ ହ୍ରଦ) is a natural lake on the northern outskirts of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. While the main lake covers 75 hectares (190 acres), the total wetland covers 105 hectares (260 acres), with a scuba diving facility. It has rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance, which helps maintain the city's ecology.

The lake's ecosystem is hosts to 37 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibians, 46 species of fish and three species of prawns, 10 species of sub-merged macrophytes, 14 species of floating macrophytes and 24 species of emergent macrophytes.

The lake is facing threat from uncontrolled quarrying, the dumping of solid waste and haphazard real estate construction on its fringe areas.

The lake is a part of the Nandankanan Zoological Park and is used for recreational boating by visitors.

Prawn
Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (members of the order of decapods), some of which are edible.

The term prawn is used particularly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. Shrimp in this category often belong to the suborder Dendrobranchiata. In North America, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. The terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. Over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage, the terms are almost interchangeable.
And Other Stories
And Other Stories is an independent British book publisher founded in 2009, notable for being the first UK publisher of literary fiction to make direct, advance subscriptions a major part of its business model as well as for its use of foreign language reading groups to choose the books that it publishes. The company originally operated from High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, but is now based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. In 2012, it was nominated for the Newcomer of the Year award by the Independent Publishers Guild (IPG).

Deborah Levy
Deborah Levy FRSL (born 6 August 1959) is a South African novelist, playwright and poet. She initially concentrated on writing for the theatre – her plays were staged by the Royal Shakespeare Company – before focusing on prose fiction. Her early novels included Beautiful Mutants, Swallowing Geography, and Billy & Girl. Her more recent fiction has included the Booker-shortlisted novels Swimming Home and Hot Milk, as well as the Booker-longlisted The Man Who Saw Everything, and the short-story collection Black Vodka.
Jawbone Flats, Oregon
Jawbone Flats is a ghost town in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is located along Opal Creek, approximately 22 miles (35 km) from Salem, the state capitol, and is accessible via the Opal Pool Loop trail. Established in 1931, Jawbone Flats was a mining camp founded after miners discovered gold in the region in 1859.

Marion County, Oregon
Marion County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 345,920 at the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Salem, which is also the state capital of Oregon. The county was originally named the Champooick District, after Champoeg (earlier Champooick), a meeting place on the Willamette River. On September 3, 1849, the territorial legislature renamed it in honor of Francis Marion, a Continental Army general from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War. Marion County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood (also spelt as Daniel Tiger's Neighbourhood in some countries) is a live action/animated educational musical television series. It was created by Angela C. Santomero (who also created Blue's Clues and Super Why!) and produced by Fred Rogers Productions, 9 Story Media Group, and 9 Story USA (formerly Out of the Blue Enterprises). The series debuted on September 3, 2012, on PBS Kids.

It is based on the Neighborhood of Make-Believe from Mister Rogers, the family-oriented television series created and hosted by Rogers that aired from 1968 to 2001.

Bryn McAuley
Bryn McAuley is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Caillou on the television series of the same name, Anne Shirley on Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series, Gina Lash in Angela Anaconda, Skye Blue in Carl², Becky Lopez in George Shrinks, Harriet in Franklin, Laney Penn in Grojband, Suzi in Camp Lakebottom, Quills in Numb Chucks, Amy and Samey in Total Drama: Pahkitew Island, Taylor in Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race, Mavis Dracula in Hotel Transylvania: The Series, Eleanor in The Day My Butt Went Psycho! and Bea in Top Wing.
San Antonio Huista
San Antonio Huista is a town and municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. It is located 362 kilometers from Guatemala City. The predominant language is Spanish, while approximately 20% of the population speak indigenous languages, the majority speaking Mam. The municipality of San Antonio Huista is situated at 1240 metres above sea level, with a population of 16,697 (2018 census). It covers an area of 60.4 km2. The annual festival is December 8–12 dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe and the patron saint's day (Saint Anthony of Padua) is celebrated June 11–13.

Departments of Guatemala
The Republic of Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (Spanish: departamentos)
which in turn are divided into 340 municipalities. The departments are governed by a departmental governor, appointed by the President.

In addition, Guatemala has claimed that all or part of the nation of Belize is a department of Guatemala, and this claim is sometimes reflected in maps of the region. Guatemala formally recognized Belize in 1991, but the border disputes between the two nations have not been resolved.
Cobleskill (village), New York
Cobleskill is a village in the western part of the town of Cobleskill in Schoharie County, New York, United States. The population was 4,678 at the 2010 census.

The village is southwest of Amsterdam. The State University of New York at Cobleskill is located at the western side of the village.

Amsterdam, New York
Amsterdam (/ˈæmstərdæm/) is a city in Montgomery County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 18,219. The city is named after Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

The city of Amsterdam is bordered on the northern and eastern sides by the town of Amsterdam. The city developed on both sides of the Mohawk River, with the majority located on the north bank. The Port Jackson area on the south side is also part of the city.
Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games – Women's long jump
The final of the Women's Long Jump event at the 2003 Pan American Games took place on Tuesday August 5, 2003. Canada's Alice Falaiye twice (third and fourth attempt) had a winning jump with a leap of 6.43 metres.

Alice Falaiye
Alice Falaiye (born 24 December 1978) is a Canadian long jumper.

She has won gold medals at the 2003 Pan American Games and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. She also competed at the 2001 World Championships without reaching the final. Falaiye never appeared in the Olympics.

Her personal best jump is 6.72 metres, achieved in June 2009 in Baton Rouge.

Competing for the Rice Owls track and field team, Falaiye finished 2nd at the 2001 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
Bill Johnson (banjoist)
William K. Johnson (died August 13, 1955) was an American jazz banjoist, guitarist, and vocalist.

Johnson was born and raised in Lexington, Kentucky, where he played locally until relocating to New York in 1926. There he worked with the Dixie Ramblers and George Howe, then joined Luis Russell's orchestra in 1927. He remained with Russell until 1932 and during this time recorded with King Oliver, Red Allen, and Jack Purvis. He worked with Fess Williams in 1933-1934 and continued working actively until the end of the 1930s. After retiring from music he moved back to Lexington; in 1955 he died in a house fire.

He is often confused with William Manuel Johnson, a jazz bassist, in published works.

King Oliver
Joseph Nathan "King" Oliver (December 19, 1881 – c. April 10, 1938: 21 ) was an American jazz cornet player and bandleader. He was particularly recognized for his playing style and his pioneering use of mutes in jazz. Also a notable composer, he wrote many tunes still played today, including "Dippermouth Blues", "Sweet Like This", "Canal Street Blues", and "Doctor Jazz". He was the mentor and teacher of Louis Armstrong. His influence was such that Armstrong claimed, "if it had not been for Joe Oliver, jazz would not be what it is today."
November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 17

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 29 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 16, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 3.

Saint Othmar
Othmar, (also Audomar, c. 689 – c. 759) was a Medieval monk and priest. He served as the first abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall, a Benedictine monastery near where the city of St. Gallen, now in Switzerland, developed.