hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Challenge X
Challenge X: Crossover to Sustainable Mobility, known more commonly as Challenge X, was a four-year competition series amongst engineering students from across North America. Its purpose was to advance vehicle technology towards a goal of sustainable mobility.

The headline sponsors of the competition were The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and General Motors (GM), and the competition series was managed by Argonne National Laboratories (Argonne). Team evaluation, technical and logistical support is also provided by Argonne. The 2006 – 2007 academic year was the third year of the competition.

A selection process was opened to all accredited engineering programs in the United States and Canada in 2003. Of those schools who submitted proposals to the competition organizers, 17 were chosen as Challenge X participants.

The competition ended in 2008, and was replaced with the EcoCAR challenge.

Blacksburg, Virginia
Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 44,826 at the 2020 census. Blacksburg and the surrounding county is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech.

Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and the city of Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area, which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery, Pulaski, and Giles counties for statistical purposes. The MSA has an estimated population of 181,863 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia.
Parasternal heave
A parasternal heave, lift, or thrust is a precordial impulse that may be felt (palpated) in patients with cardiac or respiratory disease.  Precordial impulses are visible or palpable pulsations of the chest wall, which originate on the heart or the great vessels.

Great vessels
Great vessels are the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. These are:

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary veins

Aorta

Transposition of the great vessels is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels.
Edward Elliot (architect)
Edward Elliot (1828–1901) was a Canadian architect who was responsible for many important public buildings in Nova Scotia, including the Church of the Redeemer (Universalist) in Halifax and the Truro Agricultural College.

Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture
The Faculty of Agriculture at Dalhousie University is a Canadian agricultural college and faculty of Dalhousie University located in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. The Faculty of Agriculture offers the only university level programs in agriculture in Atlantic Canada. Founded 14 February 1905 as the Nova Scotia Agricultural College within the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, it merged with Dalhousie University on 1 September 2012. The campus is referred to as Dalhousie University's "Agricultural Campus" or by its popular sports nickname of "Dal AC" or simply the "AC."
Under the Net
Under the Net is a 1954 novel by Iris Murdoch. It was Murdoch's first published novel. Set in London, it is the story of a struggling young writer, Jake Donaghue. Its  mixture of the philosophical and the picaresque has made it one of Murdoch's most popular novels.

It is dedicated to Raymond Queneau. When Jake leaves Madge's flat in Chapter 1, two of the books he mentions taking are Murphy by Samuel Beckett, and Pierrot mon ami by Queneau, both of which are echoed in this story. The epigraph, from John Dryden's Secular Masque, refers to the way in which the main character is driven from place to place by his misunderstandings.

In 2005, the novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the one hundred best English-language novels since 1923. The editors of Modern Library named the work as one of the greatest English-language novels of the twentieth century.

Modern Library
The Modern Library is an American book publishing imprint and formerly the parent company of Random House. Founded in 1917 by Albert Boni and Horace Liveright as an imprint of their publishing company Boni & Liveright, Modern Library became an independent publishing company in 1925 when Boni & Liveright sold it to Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer. Random House began in 1927 as a subsidiary of the Modern Library and eventually overtook its parent company, with Modern Library becoming an imprint of Random House.
Charlie Stone (rugby league)
Richard Stone (12 September 1950 – 1 May 2018), known as Charlie Stone, was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Pontefract RUFC and representative level rugby league (RL) for England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Featherstone Rovers and Hull F.C., as a prop or second-row and was captain of Hull during the 1980–81 season.

Headingley Rugby Stadium
Headingley Rugby Stadium (known as AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium due to sponsorship) is a rugby league stadium in Headingley, Leeds and shares the same site as Headingley Cricket Ground. It is the home ground of the Leeds Rhinos, and is the fifth largest rugby league stadium in England.
Pine Point, Springfield, Massachusetts
Pine Point is a neighborhood in Springfield, Massachusetts. Located along Boston Road -- one of Springfield's commercial thoroughfares, was home to the Eastfield Mall -- the middle-class Pine Point neighborhoods features streets of cozy capes and ranches as well as some of the most interesting Craftsman style bungalows in the region.

The neighborhood features Pine Point Library and city parks surrounding Five Mile Pond and Loon Pond, providing places to swim, fish, boat, and picnic. The High School of Science & Technology and Putnam Vocational High School are found in this neighborhood.

The headquarters of MassMutual, a Fortune 100 company - one of Massachusetts' top 2 companies by $billions of earnings - is located on State Street in the Pine Point neighborhood.

MassMutual
The Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, also known as MassMutual, is an American life insurance company.

MassMutual provides financial products such as life insurance, disability income insurance, long term care insurance, and annuities. Major affiliate includes Barings LLC.

MassMutual ranks at 100 in the 2022 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. The company has revenues of $10.7 billion and assets under management of $312 billion (as of 2022). The company employs more than 7,000 in the United States, and a total of 10,614 internationally.
Gopinath Temple, Pabna
Gopinath Temple, also known as Jor-Bangla Temple, is a Krishna temple at Pabna city of Rajshahi Division. In the past, the Hindu god Krishna was worshiped as Gopinath in this temple, but currently no worship is done. It is believed that the temple was built by Brajmohan Krori who was the tahsildar of Murshidabad Nawab. The temple is a great example of Jor-Bangla temple architecture belongs to Chala style, which was built in the 6th decade of the 19th century.

The terracotta plaques on the front arches of the temple depict the battle between the army of Rama and Ravana, which are now damaged or destroyed. At that time, the facade decorations served as visual illustrations of the popular religious texts Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The temple is preserved as one of the archaeological monuments of Bangladesh by the Department of Archaeology.

Garbhagriha
A garbhagriha (Sanskrit: गर्भगृह, romanized: Garbhagṛha) is the innermost sanctuary of Hindu and Jain temples, often referred to as the "holy of holies" or "sanctum sanctorum".

The term garbhagriha (literally, "womb chamber") comes from the Sanskrit words garbha for womb and griha for house. Although the term is often associated with Hindu temples, it is also found in Jain and Buddhist temples.

The garbhagriha is the location of the murti (sacred image) of the temple's primary deity. This might be a murti of Shiva, as the lingam, his consort the Goddess in her consecrated image or yoni symbol, Vishnu or his spouse, or some other god in symbol or image. In the Rajarani temple in Bhubaneswar, near Puri, there is no symbol in that lightless garbhagriha.
Tessie Agana
Tessie Agana (born May 16, 1942) is a Filipina former child actress of the 1950s. She is best known for playing the title role in the 1951 film Roberta, which was then the highest grossing Philippine film of all time. Agana was known as the "Shirley Temple of the Philippines". Her mother was the actress Linda Estrella.

On July 26, 1956, Agana moved to the United States with her mother and father. She enrolled as a sophomore at Maryvale Preparatory School in Lutherville, Maryland. A year later, the Agana family moved to Lafayette, Indiana, and Tessie attended Lafayette Central Catholic Jr/Sr High School. She graduated in 1959.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
Tensor Trucks
Tensor Trucks is an American skateboarding truck company founded and designed by professional skateboarder, Rodney Mullen, in 2000. Tensor's parent company is Dwindle Distribution. The brand offers trucks in three different heights (lo, mid, hi) that are tailored for different wheel diameters—the hi is designed for 58mm wheels and smaller; the mid for 54mm or smaller; and the lo for 52mm and smaller. Mullen holds US patent no. 6,443,471B1 for design features implemented in Tensors. Tensor's trucks are manufactured in China.

United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.
Mike Andrews
Michael Jay Andrews (born July 9, 1943) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as an infielder for the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox and Oakland Athletics. After his playing career, he served for more than 25 years as chairman of The Jimmy Fund, an event fundraising organization affiliated with the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts. He is the older brother of Rob Andrews, who played five seasons in MLB from 1975 through 1979.

Charlie Finley
Charles Oscar Finley (February 22, 1918 – February 19, 1996), nicknamed "Charlie O" or "Charley O", was an American businessman who owned Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics. Finley purchased the franchise while it was located in Kansas City, moving it to Oakland in 1968.  He is also known as a short-lived owner of the National Hockey League's California Golden Seals and the American Basketball Association's Memphis Tams.
1902 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election
The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of March 17, 1902 was the second election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. No change was made in the administration of the elections compared with the first elections three years previously, so the Legislative Council continued to comprise ten voting members: the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia ex officio, five members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and four members elected by registered voters from two electoral districts. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Sir Marshal James Clarke, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.

Thomas Charles Scanlen
Sir Thomas Charles Scanlen KCMG (9 July 1834 – 15 December 1912) was a politician and administrator of the Cape Colony.

He was briefly Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, from 1881 to 1884, during an especially turbulent period in the Cape's history, dominated by conflicts such as the Basuto Gun War. He was also the Cape's first locally-born Prime Minister.
Dustin Neace
Dustin Neace (born September 12, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist who fought in Ultimate Fighting Championship and Strikeforce and was a competitor on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller. Neace formerly fought in the featherweight division of Bellator.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal
Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (Sikkimese: སྲིད་སཀྱོང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: srid skyong sprul sku rnam rgyal) (1879–5 December 1914) was the ruling Chogyal of Sikkim for a brief period in 1914, from 10 February to 5 December.

Delhi Durbar
The Delhi Durbar (lit. "Court of Delhi") was the imperial mass assembly organized by the British Raj at Coronation Park, Delhi, India, to mark the accession of an Emperor or Empress of India. The ceremonial name was derived from the Persian term, durbar (royal court). Also known as the Imperial Durbar, it was held three times, in 1877, 1903, and 1911, at the height of the British Empire. The 1911 Durbar was the only one that a sovereign, George V, attended; at the earlier Durbars, the monarch was represented by their viceroy. A Durbar was contemplated in 1937 or 1938 for George VI, the last emperor, but was postponed. The Durbar was rendered obsolete by the emergence of India and Pakistan as independent nations following World War II.
Paul Henderson (rugby union)
Paul William Henderson (born 21 September 1964) is a New Zealand former rugby union player.

A flanker, Henderson represented Southland and Otago at a provincial level and the Highlanders in Super Rugby. He played for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, 25 times between 1989 and 1995, including seven test matches. He captained New Zealand once, in their 145–17 victory over Japan at the 1995 Rugby World Cup.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
John Ward (Minnesota politician)
John Ward (born August 2, 1950) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, he represented District 10A, which included portions of Crow Wing County in the north central part of the state. He is also a retired teacher and coach.

University of Minnesota Duluth
The University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) is a public university in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the University of Minnesota System. UMD offers 17 bachelor's degrees in 87 majors, graduate programs in 24 different fields, a four-year program at the School of Medicine, and a four-year College of Pharmacy program.
Four Reigns
Four Reigns (Thai: สี่แผ่นดิน, Si Phaendin) is a Thai historical novel by Kukrit Pramoj. First serialized in the Siam Rath newspaper from 1951 to 1952 and published in book form in 1953, the novel follows the life of Phloi (พลอย), a girl from a noble family who is brought to live in the royal court. As she grows up and lives her life through the reigns of kings Rama V to Rama VIII (1868–1946), she witnesses the social and political changes in the country leading to and following the abolishment of absolute monarchy in 1932. It is one of the most influential Thai novels, widely regarded as a classic and described by the Encyclopaedia Britannica as "probably the best-selling Thai novel of all time." Four Reigns offers a nostalgic view on the monarchy and aristocracy, contrasting what it paints as former glory days to the struggles Phloi faces following the political upheaval.

Siamese revolution of 1932
The Siamese revolution of 1932 or Siamese coup d'état of 1932 (Thai: การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 or การเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองสยาม พ.ศ. 2475) was a coup d'état by the People's Party (Khana Ratsadon) which occurred in Siam on 24 June 1932. It ended Siam's centuries-long absolute monarchy rule under the Chakri dynasty and resulted in a bloodless transition of Siam into a constitutional monarchy, the introduction of democracy and the first constitution, and the creation of the National Assembly. Dissatisfaction caused by economic crisis and incompetent government, as well as the rise of Western-educated non-royals to positions of influence, fueled the revolution.

King Prajadhipok remained on the throne and compromised with Khana Ratsadon. Two coups occurred a year later, in April and June, amid infighting within the government over Pridi Banomyong's socialist economic plan and a rebellion of royalists.
Pablo Pérez Companc
Pablo Pérez Companc (born December 11, 1982) is an Argentine racing driver from Buenos Aires.

Pérez Companc started editing the Argentine version of Evo in 2012 and Octane in 2013.

His father is businessman Gregorio Pérez Companc. He is the younger brother of Ford World Rally Championship rally driver, Luís Pérez Companc.

Octane (magazine)
Octane is a British car magazine, published monthly, focused on classic and performance cars. It was launched in 2003 and is now published by Hothouse Publishing Limited. The magazine features news, road tests and buyers' guides of classic cars and some modern performance cars, as well as a "For Sale" section that lists cars from all around the world.

The Octane office is situated in Wollaston, Northamptonshire in England.
Ludger Lohmann
Ludger Lohmann  (born 1954 in Herne) is a highly acknowledged organist.

Lohmann studied school and church music, musicology, philosophy and geography in Cologne. He studied organ with Wolfgang Stockmeier and harpsichord with Hugo Ruf. He took private lessons with Anton Heiller in Vienna and Marie-Claire Alain in Paris. From 1979 to 1984, Lohmann taught organ at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln. From 1983 to 2020, he was Professor of Organ at State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and for 25 years organist at Stuttgart Cathedral. Iveta Apkalna has been one of his students.

Lohmann was a guest professor at University of Hartford Hartt School, US and senior researcher in the Göteborg Organ Art Center at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He is also jury member of many international competitions and teacher in international master classes.

Lohmann is specialist in Early Music and Romantic Organ Literature.

He lives in Lindau on Lake Constance.

Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln
The Cologne University of Music (German: Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln) is a public university of music and dance located in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Established in 1850 as the Conservatorium der Musik in Coeln, it is one of the largest music academies in Europe, with approximately 1,400 students and over 100 professors.
Maurice Horan
Maurice Horan (born 1976) is an Irish Gaelic football manager and former player. He is a former manager of the senior Limerick county team.

Horan experienced a relatively unsuccessful playing career at the club level with Ballinrobe and Monaleen and at the inter-county level with Mayo and Limerick. He was a full-forward for both club and county; however, his career ended without any provincial success in either Connacht or Munster.

Immediately after retiring from inter-county activity, Horan became involved in team management. He served as the manager of the Limerick under-21 football team for a period. Horan was appointed as manager of the Limerick senior football team in October 2010. He resigned in July 2013.

Ahead of the 2020 season, he joined the Laois backroom team as a coach.

Ballinrobe GAA
Ballinrobe GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Ballinrobe in south County Mayo, Ireland. The club participates in competitions organized by Mayo county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems
DCFS, the International Workshop on Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems is an annual academic conference in the 
field of computer science.

Beginning with the 2011 edition, the proceedings of the workshop appear in the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Already since the very beginning, extended versions of selected papers are published as special issues of the International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science, the Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, of Theoretical Computer Science, and of Information and Computation In 2002 DCFS was the result of the merger of the workshops DCAGRS (Descriptional Complexity of Automata, Grammars and Related Structures) and FDSR (Formal Descriptions and Software Reliability). The workshop is often collocated with international conferences in related fields, such as ICALP, DLT and CIAA.

Information and Computation
Information and Computation is a closed-access computer science journal published by Elsevier (formerly Academic Press). The journal was founded in 1957 under its former name Information and Control and given its current title in 1987. As of July 2022, the current editor-in-chief is David Peleg. The journal publishes 12 issues a year.