hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Convicted
The Convicted (German: Die Vorbestraften) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Rudolf Meinert and starring Eugen Klöpfer, Margarete Schlegel and Albert Steinrück. The film portrays a group of former prisoners who struggle to reintegrate into society.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
Reynolds equation
In fluid mechanics (specifically lubrication theory), the Reynolds equation is a partial differential equation governing the pressure distribution of thin viscous fluid films. It was first derived by Osborne Reynolds in 1886. The classical Reynolds Equation can be used to describe the pressure distribution in nearly any type of fluid film bearing; a bearing type in which the bounding bodies are fully separated by a thin layer of liquid or gas.

Osborne Reynolds
Osborne Reynolds FRS (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester.
Walter Riptoe
Walter E. Riptoe (March 30, 1838 – August 15, 1886) was a preacher and state legislator in Texas. A Republican, he served two terms in the Texas Senate during the Fifteenth Texas Legislature and Sixteenth Texas Legislature from 1876 to 1881, representing Marshall (Harrison) County. The Texas State Preservation Board has a photograph of him.

He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He later moved to in Texas in January 1850 and lived in Rusk County until the end of the war.

Marshall Junior High School students, including his descendant did a history project on him in 2018 and described him as a carpenter and teacher as well as a civil rights advocate.

Rusk County, Texas
Rusk County is a county located in Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 52,214. Its county seat is Henderson. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson Rusk, a secretary of war of the Republic of Texas.

Rusk County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan area.
Chita, Texas
Chita is an unincorporated community in Trinity County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 81 in 2000. It is located within the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan area.

Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. Its population was 45,941 as of the 2020 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area. Huntsville is in the East Texas Piney Woods on Interstate 45 and home to Sam Houston State University, Texas State Prison, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, and HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas.

The city served as the residence of Sam Houston, the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, who later represented the state in the U.S. Senate and as Governor of Texas. He is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum, a statue on Interstate 45, and Sam Houston State University, located in central Huntsville.
Tallabinnela Creek
Tallabinnela Creek is a stream in Monroe County, Mississippi. The creek is 64 meters or 210 feet elevated.

Tallabinnela is a name derived from the Choctaw language or the Chickasaw language purported to mean (sources vary) "place where stone rests" or "the rock to get over". A variant name is "Talebenela Creek".

Chickasaw language
The Chickasaw language (Chikashshanompaꞌ, Chickasaw pronunciation: [tʃikaʃːanompaʔ]) is a Native American language of the Muskogean family.  It is agglutinative and follows the word order pattern of subject–object–verb (SOV). The language is closely related to, though perhaps not entirely mutually intelligible with, Choctaw. It is spoken by the Chickasaw tribe, now residing in Southeast Oklahoma, centered on Ada.

The language is currently spoken by around 50 people, mostly Chickasaw elders who grew up with the language. Due to boarding schools in the 20th century and Chickasaw removal from their homeland in the 19th century, the widespread knowledge about the language and culture amongst the nation has largely decreased.
Newfie
Newfie (also Newf or sometimes Newfy) is a colloquial term used by Canadians and others for someone who is from Newfoundland. Many Newfoundlanders consider "Newfie" a slur first used by American and Canadian military forces stationed on the island. It is also the shortened name of the Newfoundland dog breed. The term is also associated with jokes from the mid-to-late 20th century that depicted "Newfies" as foolish, leading to a belief in the derogatory nature of the term.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Hampstead School
Hampstead School is a large comprehensive school in the London Borough of Camden, located in West Hampstead in North London.

About 1,300 students between the ages of 11 and 19 attend its lower school and sixth form college. Hampstead School's headmaster since 2020 is Matt Sadler.

West Hampstead
West Hampstead is an area in the London Borough of Camden. Neighbouring areas includes Childs Hill to the north, Frognal to the east, Swiss Cottage to the south-east, South Hampstead to the south and Kilburn to the south-west.

The neighbourhood is mainly residential, with several local amenities, including a range of independent shops, supermarkets, restaurants, bars, cafes and bakeries; most of these are concentrated in the northern section of West End Lane and around West End Green. Located in travel zone 2, West Hampstead is served by three stations: West Hampstead on the Jubilee line, West Hampstead Overground station and West Hampstead Thameslink station.
Thailand Music Countdown
Thailand Music Countdown (Thai: ไทยแลนด์ มิวสิค เคานต์ดาวน์) is a Thai music program broadcast on Channel 3 HD, based on the South Korean program M Countdown. True CJ Creations, a joint venture between Thai telecommunications conglomerate True Corporation and South Korea-based CJ E&M, obtained the rights to produce the show in a Thai format, in partnership with the production company Exit 365.

The show aims to support the Thai music industry by opening up space for Thai pop artists to showcase their potential and promote their new music through stage performances. The program first aired on 12 May 2024, airing on Sundays at 17:30 ICT on Channel 3 HD.

In August 2025, the show launched TMC Live Studio at Siam Paragon.

CJ ENM Entertainment Division
CJ ENM Entertainment Division (Korean: 씨제이이엔엠 엔터테인먼트 부문), formerly known as CJ E&M, is a South Korean entertainment and mass media division (formerly company) of CJ ENM. In July 2018, the company merged with the parent company's subsidiary CJ O Shopping, with the latter being the surviving entity.
Siege of Tortosa (1708)
The siege of Tortosa was a siege of the city of Tortosa (then in the Principality of Catalonia) from 12 June to 8 July 1708 during the War of the Spanish Succession. It pitched a Franco-Spanish force of 28,000 under the Duke of Orleans and Antoni de Villarroel against a combined Catalan and British force of 5,140 infantry and 70 cavalry under Ignasi Minguella, Francesc Montagut and general Jones. It ended in the Franco-Spanish force conclusively taking the town and as a result ending the occupation of Valencia.

Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe, duc d'Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), who was known as the Regent, was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in French as le Régent. He was the son of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, and Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth by the title of Duke of Chartres.

In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter (légitimée de France) of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Named regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed, the period of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (French: la Régence) (1715–1723). The Regency came to an end in February 1723, and the Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in December.
2C-O-4
2C-O-4, also known as 4-isopropoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a phenethylamine of the 2C family. It is also a positional isomer of isoproscaline and was probably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. It produces hallucinogenic or psychedelic effects. Because of the low potency of 2C-O-4, and the inactivity of 2C-O, Shulgin felt that the 2C-O series would not be an exciting area for research, and did not pursue any further analogues.

Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes.
KDSU
KDSU (91.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Fargo, North Dakota. The station is owned by North Dakota State University, but is operated by Prairie Public Radio.  It airs NPR news and talk programming for most of the day, but simulcasts KFJM's Roots, Rock and Jazz programming from 9 am to 3 pm and from 8 pm to 4 am on weekdays.  The rest of the main Prairie Public Radio network airs classical music during these times.

KDSU shares its coverage area with Moorhead, Minnesota-based Minnesota Public Radio outlets KCCD and KCCM, making Fargo/Moorhead one of the smallest markets with competing NPR member stations.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Mount Morgans Gold Mine
The Mount Morgans Gold Mine is a gold mine located 37 km west-southwest of Laverton, Western Australia.

The Mt Morgans mine was owned and operated by Dacian Gold Limited, who acquired the project in 2012; Dacian Gold and thereby the mine was subsequently acquired by Genesis Minerals Limited in November 2023.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Meguid
Meguid (Arabic: مجيد), extended form Abdel Meguid (Arabic: عبد المجيد), is an Egyptian surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Abdel Meguid Amir (born 1961), Egyptian basketball player

Abdel Meguid Mahmoud (born 1946), Egyptian politician

Ahmed Abdel-Meguid, (1923-2013), Egyptian diplomat

Ibrahim Abdel Meguid, Egyptian author

Michael M. Meguid, Egyptian-American surgeon

Nagwa Abdel Meguid, Egyptian geneticist

Omar Abdel Meguid (born 1988), Egyptian squash player

Wahid Abdel Meguid, Egyptian politician

Nagwa Abdel Meguid
Nagwa Abdel Meguid (Arabic: نجوى عبد المجيد) is an Egyptian geneticist and 2002 winner of the L’Oreal UNESCO Award for Women in Science for Africa and the Middle East. Her research has "identified several genetic mutations that cause common syndromes such as the fragile X syndrome and Autism".

Meguid has a Ph.D. in Human Genetics. Nagwa Abdel Meguid’s research interests include clinical genetics, neurodevelopmental disorders, human DNA technology, and dysmorphology.
Waipu District
24°19′47.5″N 120°39′14.8″E﻿ / ﻿24.329861°N 120.654111°E﻿ / 24.329861; 120.654111

Waipu District (Chinese: 外埔區; pinyin: Wàipǔ Qū) is a rural district in Taichung City, Taiwan. It has a population total of 31,186 and an area of 42.4099 square kilometres.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
AP Physics 1
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics 1: Algebra Based (also known as AP Physics 1) is a year-long introductory physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to proxy a one-semester algebra-based university course in mechanics. Along with AP Physics 2, the first AP Physics 1 exam was administered in 2015.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
History of Kashgar
The history of Kashgar begins in the first millennium BC, when the tribes of Yuezhi, Usuns and Sakas were roaming around the vast expanses of the Taklamakan Desert and the piedmont slopes of the Pamir. Wandering from one encampment to another in the oases, they eventually began founding small settlements, which later were developed into cities on the Silk Road.

Karasahr
Karasahr or Karashar (Uyghur: قاراشەھەر, romanized: Qarasheher), which was originally known in the Tocharian languages as Ārśi (or Arshi), Qarašähär, or Agni or the Chinese derivative Yanqi (Chinese: 焉耆; pinyin: Yānqí; Wade–Giles: Yen-ch'i), is an ancient town on the Silk Road and the capital of Yanqi Hui Autonomous County in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang.

As of the 2000 census it had a population of 29,000, growing to 31,773 people in 2006; 16,032 persons of which were Han, 7781 people Hui, 7154 people Uyghur, 628 Mongol and 178 other ethnicities and an agricultural population of 1078 people.

The town has a strategic location, being located on the Kaidu River (known in ancient times as the Liusha), China National Highway 314 and the Southern Xinjiang Railway and is an important material distribution center and regional business hub. The town administers ten communities. It has a predominately Muslim population and contains many mosques.
Thangaikkaaga
Thangaikkaaga (transl. For the sister's sake) is a 1971 Indian Tamil-language film directed by D. Yoganand. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Vennira Aadai Nirmala, and Lakshmi. It was released on 6 February 1971.

Vennira Aadai Nirmala
Vennira Aadai Nirmala (born as A. B. Shanthi in Kumbakonam) is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. She was a prominent lead actress from 1960s and 70s. She is credited as Ushakumari in Malayalam film industry.
Wildlife of Oman
The wildlife of Oman is the flora and fauna of this country in the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, with coasts on the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The climate is hot and dry, apart from the southeastern coast, and the country offers a variety of habitats for wildlife including mountains, valleys, deserts, coastal plains and sea coasts.

Omani owl
The Omani owl (Strix butleri) is an owl of the genus Strix found in shrubland and rocky areas of Oman, Iran and the United Arab Emirates. It was discovered in 2013.

After the distinctive Omani owl was discovered, a similar-looking owl was reclassified from "Hume's owl" (Strix butleri) to the "desert owl" (Strix hadorami).
Hypostomus delimai
Hypostomus delimai is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Araguaia River and the Tocantins River in Brazil. It is typically found in areas with turbid water, riparian vegetation, and a substrate composed of rocks and sand. It is known to be sympatric with other species of Hypostomus, including H. faveolus and H. pyrineusi, as well as species of Aphanotorulus. The species reaches 25.3 cm (10 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Hypostomus delimai was described in 2013 by Cláudio H. Zawadzki (of the State University of Maringá), Renildo R. de Oliveira (of the National Institute of Amazonian Research), and Tiago Debona (of Western Paraná State University) on the basis of distinctive morphology and coloration.

Hypostomus
Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
McLaren MP4-27
The McLaren MP4-27 is a Formula One racing car designed by Vodafone McLaren Mercedes for the 2012 Formula One season. The chassis was designed by Paddy Lowe, Neil Oatley, Tim Goss, Andrew Bailey and John Iley and was powered by a customer Mercedes-Benz engine. The car was driven by former World Champions Jenson Button and Lewis Hamilton. It was launched on 1 February at the McLaren team base in Woking, Surrey, ahead of the first winter test sessions at Jerez de la Frontera.  This was the last McLaren car that Lewis Hamilton drove for the team, as he moved to the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team in 2013. This was also the last McLaren Formula One car to win a race until the McLaren MCL35M did so in 2021 and the last to win more than one Grand Prix in a season until the MCL38 of 2024.

The car achieved 7 wins, 8 poles and third place in the Constructors' Championship in 2012.

Paddy Lowe
Patrick Allen Lowe (born 8 April 1962) is the founder and CEO of the fossil-free synthetic fuel company Zero. A former motor racing engineer and computer scientist, he spent 32 years working in Formula One, serving as Chief Technical Officer at Williams Racing, Executive Director (Technical) at Mercedes Formula One team, and Technical Director at McLaren. He was involved with cars that won 12 World Championships (7 Drivers' and 5 Constructors') and secured 158 race wins. He left Formula One in 2019 and co-founded Zero in 2020.
David Elliot (actor)
David Elliot (born 27 July 1981) is a Scottish actor best known for his role as Mark Wright in the film Kajaki in which he was awarded the best actor accolade at the 2015 British Academy Scotland Awards. He has also appeared in The Inland Road (2016), Clique (2017) , Bulletproof (2018), The Cry (2018), The Liberator (2020), Crime (2023) and Vigil (2023).

2015 British Academy Scotland Awards
The 25th British Academy Scotland Awards were held on 15 November 2015 at the Radisson Blu Hotel in Glasgow, honouring the best Scottish film and television productions of 2015.  Presented by BAFTA Scotland, accolades are handed out for the best in feature-length film that were screened at British cinemas during 2015. The Nominees were announced on 13 October 2015. The ceremony was hosted by Edith Bowman.
National road 15 (Poland)
National road 15 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 15) is a 374 km long G class and GP class national road connecting Trzebnica with Ostróda. It runs through Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It serves an alternative to National road 5 on Trzebnica - Gniezno segment while skipping Poznań. Later on it leads through farming lands in Kuyavia to Masuria. It crosses A2 motorway in Września.

Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).

One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and afterwards remained one of the main cities of the historic region of Greater Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The Gniezno Cathedral is one of the most historically important churches in Poland, and as such is a designated Historic Monument of Poland. Other sights include the Old Town and the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State.
Dover Publications
Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker. It primarily reissues books that are out of print from their original publishers. These are often, but not always, books in the public domain. The original published editions may be scarce or historically significant. Dover republishes these books, making them available at a significantly reduced cost.

Out of print
An out-of-print (OOP) or out-of-commerce item or work is something that is no longer being published. The term applies to all types of printed matter, visual media,  sound recordings, and video recordings. An out-of-print book is a book that is no longer being published. The term can apply to specific editions of more popular works, which may then go in and out of print repeatedly, or to the sole printed edition of a work, which is not picked up again by any future publishers for reprint.