hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tommy Skjerven
Tommy Skjerven (born 25 July 1967) is a Norwegian football referee from Kaupanger. He debuted as a referee in 1984, and served as a FIFA referee from 2001 until 2012. He is no longer included on the FIFA list as of 2013, because he reached the international retirement age of 45 in 2012. Skjerven represents Kaupanger IL. Skjerven was the main referee in the cup final between Odd Grenland and Vålerenga in 2002. His day job is working for noreg.no in Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality.

At international level, Skjerven officiated in competitions including qualifying matches for Euro 2008, Euro 2012, and 2010 World Cup qualifiers. He was also a referee in qualifying for the 2003 Women's World Cup, and a fourth official in qualifiers for four World Cups.

Odds BK
Odds Ballklubb, commonly known as Odd, is a Norwegian professional football club from Skien. Originally the football section of a multi-sports club, it was founded in 1894, nine years after the club's founding. Most sports other than football and gymnastics were discontinued and the club became dedicated primarily to football. Odd plays in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, and holds the record of winning the Norwegian Football Cup the most times with twelve wins, the last coming in 2000. The club was known as Odd Grenland between 1994 and 2012. Founded in 1894, Odd is the oldest football club in Norway. As of 13 May 2017 the club was granted a membership in Club of Pioneers. It then became the first Nordic football club to be granted this membership.
Old Warson Country Club
Old Warson Country Club is a country club located in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1953, it hosted the 1971 Ryder Cup and the 2009 U.S. Women's Amateur. The golf course was designed by Robert Trent Jones.

Hale Irwin, the winner of three U.S. Opens, joined the club in 1974 as a junior member; since 1977 he has been an active member.

Until 1991, Old Warson Country Club banned Black and Jewish people from joining. That year, it cancelled plans to host a PGA Senior Tour event rather than change its discriminatory rules. Several months later, the club admitted its first Black member: Frederick S. Wood, a retired executive vice president at General Dynamics.

The initiation fee was $45,000 ($90,220 today) in 1996 and $80,000 ($124,780 today) in 2006.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
Thomson problem
The objective of the Thomson problem is to determine the minimum electrostatic potential energy configuration of N electrons constrained to the surface of a unit sphere that repel each other with a force given by Coulomb's law. The physicist J. J. Thomson posed the problem in 1904 after proposing an atomic model, later called the plum pudding model, based on his knowledge of the existence of negatively charged electrons within neutrally-charged atoms.

Related problems include the study of the geometry of the minimum energy configuration and the study of the large N behavior of the minimum energy.

History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the naked eye, that could not be divided. Then the definition was refined to being the basic particles of the chemical elements, when chemists observed that elements seemed to combine with each other in ratios of small whole numbers. Then physicists discovered that these atoms had an internal structure of their own and therefore could be divided after all.

Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences. At the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept.
Trewavasia
Trewavasia carinata is an extinct pycnodontid fish in the family Coccodontidae that lived during the lower Cenomanian of what is now Lebanon.  It had a large, forward-pointing horn-like spine between its eyes, and a massive stump-like spine emanating from the back of its head.  T. carinata is closely related the genera Corusichthys and Hensodon, as well as Coccodus. It is named after Ethelwynn Trewavas.

Pycnodontidae
Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Jurassic period until the Late Eocene. It was the largest and most derived family of the successful Mesozoic fish order Pycnodontiformes, and one of only two families (alongside the Serrasalmimidae) to survive into the Cenozoic.
Rafael Dropulić
Rafael Dropulić (born c. 1983), best known by his nickname Rafo, is a Croatian reality show winner and pop singer.

Dropulić was born in Mostar. He first became famous for winning the 2003 season of Story Supernova Music Talents, the reality show that aired on Nova TV.

Although he had questionable vocal talents, many observers attributed his Story Supernova Music Talents victory to a perceived bad boy image - popular among teenage girls, who happened to be the most enthusiastic televoters. Unsurprisingly, after the show ended he released only one single which was panned by critics. He was widely described as a one hit wonder even before the single.

In 2005, Croatia Records released his album Mangipe.

In 2008, he won the top prize of half a million on another Croatian reality show Farma.

One-hit wonder
A one-hit wonder is any person, band, etc., that achieves mainstream popularity, often for only one piece of work, and becomes known among the general public solely for that momentary success. The term is most commonly used in regard to music performers with only one hit single that overshadows their other work. Some artists dubbed "one-hit wonders" in a particular country had achieved success in other countries. Music artists with subsequent popular albums and hit listings are not properly considered a one-hit wonder, although artists with multiple hits have sometimes been erroneously labelled as "one-hit wonders" if one particular hit has become much more well-remembered years or decades later than their other hits. One-hit wonders usually see their popularity decreasing after their hit listing, and most often never return to hit listings with other songs or albums.
Sidecar (cocktail)
The sidecar is a cocktail traditionally made with brandy (usually cognac), orange liqueur (Cointreau, Grand Marnier, dry curaçao, or a triple sec), and lemon juice. It became popular in Paris and London in the early 1920s. Common modifications of the original recipe are a sugar rim, added sugar syrup, and an orange twist or lemon twist.

Curaçao (liqueur)
Curaçao (/ˈkjʊərəsaʊ, -soʊ/ KURE-ə-sow, -⁠soh, Dutch: [kyːraːˈsʌu] ⓘ) is a liqueur flavored with the dried peel of the bitter orange variety laraha, a citrus fruit grown on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Curaçao can be sold in numerous forms, though the most common are the orange-hued dry curaçao, and blue curaçao which is dyed bright blue.
Zédé-Dianhoun
Zédé-Dianhoun is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Béoumi, Béoumi Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

Zédé-Dianhoun was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Béoumi
Béoumi is a town in central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Béoumi Department in Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District. Béoumi is also a commune.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Béoumi was 85,600.
Soca Queen
Soca Queen is the debut album by soca musician Alison Hinds. It was released on physical formats in Canada on 16 October 2007, having been made available on iTunes on 9 October. It was released in the Caribbean later that year.

The album features the hit single "Roll It Gal", and includes the songs "Ladies Rule" and "Faluma", which date from Hinds' time as singer of the band Square One. "Thundah" was also released as a single. Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times described it as "a winsome CD, full of breezy songs that emphasize the genre's links to both Afro-pop (those bass lines!) and Euro-trance (those synthesizers!)".

Kelefa Sanneh
Kelefa T. Sanneh (born 1976) is an American journalist and music critic. From 2000 to 2008, he wrote for The New York Times, covering the rock and roll, hip-hop, and pop music scenes. Since 2008 he has been a staff writer for The New Yorker. In 2021, Sanneh published Major Labels: A History of Popular Music in Seven Genres.
Port-Royal National Historic Site
Port-Royal National Historic Site is a National Historic Site located on the north bank of the Annapolis Basin in Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia, Canada. The site is the location of the Habitation at Port-Royal, which was the centre of activity for the New France colony of Port Royal in Acadia from 1605 to 1613, when it was destroyed by English forces from the Colony of Virginia.

Granville Ferry
Granville Ferry  is a village in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in  Annapolis County. Granville Ferry is located directly across the Annapolis River from Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. It was the northern terminus for ferries running across the river. Granville Ferry was a major shipbuilding centre in the Golden Age of Sail. The village was also home to the father of Bessie Hall, a notable female mariner in the 19th century. The community is named after John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville. Its population at the 2021 census was 152, an increase of 38.2% since 2016.
Asquarius
Asquarius (1992) is the third studio album released by the Leeds-based indie rock band Cud which reached number 30 in the UK album chart. Q magazine included it in their 1998 issue as part of their essential dozen Britpop records to have in your collection. The album was reissued in 2007 in expanded form. The album was recorded at Woodlands in Castleford, except for "Possession", which was recorded at Woodhouse in Leeds in January 1992. Mixing took place at Jacobs in Farnham, and Metropolis in London in February 1992. The recordings were mainly produced by Jon Langford, except for "Possession", which was produced by Dave Creffield; the latter served as engineer throughout the sessions, with assistance from Neil Amor.

Jon Langford
Jonathan Denis Langford (born 11 October 1957) is a Welsh musician and artist based in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Langford is a founder member of the punk band The Mekons, the post-punk group The Three Johns, and the alternative country ensembles The Waco Brothers and Pine Valley Cosmonauts.
2023–24 Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East
The 2023–24 Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East was the inaugural season of the Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East. The season began on 2 November at Bahrain International Circuit and finished on 9 March at Jeddah Corniche Circuit.

Theo Oeverhaus claimed the first Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East Drivers' Championship in Bahrain with two races in the season to spare.

Jeddah Corniche Circuit
The Jeddah Corniche Circuit (Arabic: حلبة كورنيش جدة) is a motor racing street circuit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It currently hosts the Formula One Saudi Arabian Grand Prix since 2021, and the Formula E Jeddah ePrix since 2025. The circuit is located on the Jeddah Corniche adjoining the Red Sea.
Dmitry Dvali
Dmitry Dvali is a Russian boxer. He competed at the 2023 IBA Men's World Boxing Championships, winning the bronze medal in the bantamweight event. He also competed at the 2024 European Amateur Boxing Championships, winning the gold medal in the same event.

2024 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The 45th Men's 2024 European Amateur Boxing Championships  and 14th European Women's Boxing Championships were held at the same time in Belgrade, Serbia, from 18 to 28 April 2024. 401 boxers (263 men and 138 women) from 33 countries were scheduled to come to Belgrade for this championships.
Peter Slodowy
Peter Slodowy (12 October 1948, in Leverkusen – 19 November 2002, in Bonn) was a German mathematician who worked on singularity theory and algebraic geometry.

He completed his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Regensburg in 1978 under the direction of Theodor Bröcker and Egbert Brieskorn. The Slodowy correspondence is named after him.

University of Regensburg
The University of Regensburg (German: Universität Regensburg) is a public research university located in the city of Regensburg, Germany. The university was founded on 18 July 1962 by the Landtag of Bavaria as the fourth full-fledged university in Bavaria. Following groundbreaking in 1965, the university officially opened to students during the 1967–1968 winter semester, initially housing faculties in Law and Business Sciences and Philosophy. During the summer semester of 1968 the faculty of Theology was created. Currently, the University of Regensburg houses eleven faculties.

The university actively participates in the European Union's SOCRATES programme as well as part of the Compostela-Group. Its most famous academic, Pope Benedict XVI, served as a professor there until 1977 and formally retained his chair in theology.
Gawthorpe, Kirklees
Gawthorpe, also known as Gawthorp, is a hamlet in the Kirklees district, in the English county of West Yorkshire, about 4 miles (6 km) east of Huddersfield. The nearest major road is the A642 which passes about 0.3 miles (0.5 km) south of the place. In the 19th century Gawthorpe was listed variously as a village or a hamlet in Lepton township, part of the parish of Kirkheaton in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Coal was mined at Gawthorpe around the middle of the 19th century.

It was claimed that Chief Justice Gascoigne was born here, however, he was a native of the abandoned estate of Gawthorpe Hall near Harewood House.

William Gascoigne
Sir William Gascoigne (c. 1350 – 17 December 1419) was an English judge who served as Lord Chief Justice of England during the reign of King Henry IV. He was renowned for his integrity and independence, upholding the principle that even the monarch was subject to the law.

Gascoigne notably refused Henry IV's demand to sentence the leaders of the 1405 northern rebellion—including Archbishop Richard le Scrope of York—without trial, insisting that they were entitled to be judged by their peers.

He is also remembered in popular tradition, though likely apocryphally, for committing the young Prince Hal to prison for contempt of court, a story that reinforced his image as the model of an impartial judge. Gascoigne appears as a character in Henry IV, Part 2 by William Shakespeare, where he symbolizes justice and restraint in contrast to the prince's youthful recklessness.
Arco de Santa María
Arco de Santa María in Burgos, Spain, is one of the twelve gates the city had during the Middle Ages. It was rebuilt by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor during the 16th century after the local rulers of the city supported him during the Revolt of the Comuneros. On the facade of the gatehouse appear statues of real or legendary people of importance to the city of Burgos and to Castile, namely Count Fernán González (c. 910-970) and El Cid flanking Charles V (upper level), and the mythical 9th-century Castilian judges or "Jueces de Castilla", Laín Calvo and Nuño Rasura, by tradition forefathers of El Cid and Fernán González, respectively, flanking Count Diego Rodríguez Porcelos, the founder of the city in 884.

The interior of the gatehouse is open to the public and hosts temporary art displays, a large mural by Burgos artist José Vela Zanetti and an exhibition of old pharmaceutical equipment.

It was added to the list of  National Monuments in 1943.

Fernán González of Castile
Fernán González (died 970) was the first autonomous count of Castile. Fernán González was a colourful character of legendary status in Iberia, and founder of the dynasty that would rule a semi-autonomous Castile, laying the foundations for its status as an independent kingdom.  In the year 930, Fernán's name appears with the title of count inside the administrative organization of the eastern Kingdom of León.
Crown Agents Philatelic and Security Printing Archive
The Crown Agents Philatelic and Security Printing Archive was deposited with the British Museum (later becoming the British Library) from the 1960s, though the first recorded deposit from the Crown Agents was in 1900. The archive consists of a range of philatelic and written material which were the Crown Agents' working records. It is the most comprehensive record of British Colonial and Commonwealth stamp issues of the last 100 years.

This is a current archive and is continually receiving deposits, mainly stamps, miniature sheets, stamp booklets, and proofs.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Walter Arnold (GC)
Walter Arnold GC (30 August 1906 – 12 March 1988) was a recipient of the Empire Gallantry Medal (later exchanged for the George Cross) and a Royal Air Force airman.

On 20 June 1928, Leading Aircraftman Arnold was a passenger in an aircraft which crashed on landing at Digby Aerodrome.  Arnold was able to free himself from the burning wreckage but he re-entered the flames in order to rescue the unconscious pilot.  In doing so, Arnold sustained burns to his face, neck and hands and his actions undoubtedly saved the pilot's life.

Leading aircraftman
Leading aircraftman (LAC) or leading aircraftwoman (LACW) is an enlisted rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Leading aircraftman is usually immediately senior to aircraftman and immediately below senior aircraftman.
The rank was renamed air specialist (class 2) (AS2) in the Royal Air Force in July 2022.
Greycroft
Greycroft LP is an American venture capital firm with over $3 billion in assets under management.

Notable investments by the firm have included Bird Global, Bumble, HuffPost, Goop, Scopely, The RealReal, and Venmo. Greycroft was founded in 2006 by Alan Patricof, Dana Settle, and Ian Sigalow. The firm is headquartered in New York City,  Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
Bochnia Salt Mine
The Bochnia Salt Mine (Polish: Kopalnia soli Bochnia) in Bochnia, Poland, is one of the oldest salt mines in the world and is the oldest commercial company in Poland. The Bochnia salt mine was established in 1248 after salt had been discovered there in the 12th and 13th centuries and became part of the royal mining company, Żupy krakowskie (Kraków Salt Works). In 1990, the mine ceased producing salt but remained a tourist attraction. The mine is on the UNESCO list.

In 1981 the Bochnia salt mine was declared a heritage monument. It is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on 6 October 2000 and is overseen by the National Heritage Board of Poland. The chapel in the mine has train tracks running through it.

National Institute of Cultural Heritage
The National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa NID) is a Polish governmental institution responsible for documenting cultural property and the intangible cultural heritage, as well as for  supporting and coordinating their protection.
Phaeoclavulina abietina
Phaeoclavulina abietina, commonly known as the green-staining coral, is a coral mushroom in the family Gomphaceae. It is characterized by the green staining reaction it develops in response to bruising or injury.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Eringa Station
26°17′06″S 134°43′34″E﻿ / ﻿26.285°S 134.726°E﻿ / -26.285; 134.726﻿ (Eringa)
Eringa Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the outback of South Australia, once owned by Sir Sidney Kidman. Its land is gazetted as a locality called Eringa in 2013.

It is situated 79 kilometres (49 mi) south of Aputula and 151 kilometres (94 mi) east of Kulgera. The area is hilly and has a better average rainfall than much of the surrounding country. The rarely dry waterhole, the Eringa waterhole, was once situated within the boundaries of the station.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
Lady Barlow (1803 ship)
Lady Barlow was launched as Change at Pegu, or equally Rangoon, in 1803 or 1802, as a country ship, that is she traded east of the Cape of Good Hope. Change was renamed Lady Barlow shortly after her launch. In 1804 Lady  Barlow brought cattle to New South Wales, and then took the first cargo from the colony back to England. She was a transport vessel in the 1810 British campaign to take Île Bourbon and Île de France. She was broken up at Calcutta in 1822.

Bago, Myanmar
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; Burmese: ပဲခူးမြို့, MLCTS: pai: khu: mrui., IPA: [bəɡó mjo̰]), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north-east of Yangon. The city had a population of 179,505 people in 2019 and was a historical capital of the Taungoo Dynasty and is known for its large pagodas.