hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nomothetic and idiographic
Nomothetic and idiographic are terms used by neo-Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Windelband to describe two distinct approaches to knowledge, each one corresponding to a different intellectual tendency, and each one corresponding to a different branch of academia. To say that Windelband supported that last dichotomy is a consequent misunderstanding of his own thought. For him, any branch of science and any discipline can be handled by both methods as they offer two integrating points of view.

Nomothetic is based on what Kant described as a tendency to generalize. It is typical for the natural sciences. It describes the effort to derive laws that explain types or categories of objective phenomena, in general.

Idiographic is based on what Kant described as a tendency to specify. It is typical for the humanities. It describes the effort to understand the meaning of contingent, unique, and often cultural or subjective phenomena.

Type–token distinction
The type–token distinction is the difference between a type of objects (analogous to a class) and the individual tokens of that type (analogous to instances). Since each type may be instantiated by multiple tokens, there are generally more tokens than types of an object.

For example, the sentence "A rose is a rose is a rose" contains three word types: three word tokens of the type a, two word tokens of the type is, and three word tokens of the type rose. The distinction is important in disciplines such as logic, linguistics, metalogic, typography, and computer programming.
Yashodham
Yashodham (Hindi: यशोधाम) is a densely populated locality in Mumbai, India, close to Goregaon railway station. It has around a hundred residential buildings ranging from 5 to 30 floors high and forthcoming constructions are expected to be higher. There is one school in the area, Yashodham High School. Krishna Vatika Temple, Gokuldham High School and Gokuldham Medical Centre are situated nearby. The Oberoi Mall and Royal Challenge Hotel are nearby landmarks. The nearby BEST bus depot allows travel to destinations such as Dahisar, Kashimira, Goregaon Station, Borivli, Kandivali, Mulund, Kurla, Sion and Sewri.

Borivali
Borivali (Pronunciation: [boːɾiʋəliː]) is a suburb located in northwestern Mumbai, India. Traditionally, tribals and East Indians lived in Borivali.

Attractions include the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Fish Park, Kanheri Caves, Mandapeshwar Caves, Water Kingdom, the Rushivan and Hanuman Tekdi, with views of the suburbs.

Borivali railway station is an originating and terminating Railway Station for Mumbai local trains towards Churchgate in the South & Virar in the North. Also some express trains halt at this rail station which provides ease for people travelling long distances.
Forge Valley line
The Forge Valley Line was a 16-mile-long branch of the North Eastern Railway between Seamer and Pickering, in North Yorkshire, England. The line was intended to link Scarborough with Pickering. It opened in 1882 and closed in 1950, with the exception of a stretch from Pickering to Thornton Dale which remained open for quarry traffic until 1963.

The line did not pass through Forge Valley, but the station in the village of West Ayton was named after it to avoid confusion with another station — Great Ayton — already owned by the North Eastern Railway.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Carl Erik Grenness
Carl-Erik Grenness (born 18 November 1939) is a Norwegian professor of psychology.

Grenness has spent most of his career as a Professor at the University of Oslo, and has been active in many aspects of psychology, including philosophical psychology,  behavioural analysis, organisational psychology and organisational studies. He was also a scientist at the Forsvarets institutt for ledelse, and has worked as head psychologist at Forsvaret.

Norwegian Armed Forces
The Norwegian Armed Forces (Norwegian: Forsvaret, lit. 'The Defence') are the armed forces responsible for the defence of Norway. It consists of five branches, the Norwegian Army, the Royal Norwegian Navy, which includes the Coast Guard, the Royal Norwegian Air Force, the Home Guard, and Norwegian Cyber Defence Force as well as several joint departments.

The military force in peacetime is around 17,185 personnel including military and civilian staff, and around 70,000 in total with the current military personnel, conscripts and the Norwegian Home Guard in full mobilization.

Among European NATO members, the military expenditure of US$7.2 billion is the highest per capita.
Erik Grönwall (album)
Erik Grönwall is the debut studio album by hard rock vocalist Erik Grönwall, winner of the Swedish singing television competition Idol 2009. The release is a cover album of various different pop and rock artists that have inspired Grönwall. He followed the album up with 2010's Somewhere Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Erik Grönwall entered the Swedish Albums Chart at number one, staying there for four weeks. The album received generally negative reviews from Swedish music critics, but was a commercial success, becoming certified Platinum in Sweden with at least 40,000 copies sold.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Aanund Bjørnsson Berdal
Aanund Bjørnsson Berdal (4 April 1888 – 4 April 1981) was a Norwegian engineer.

Berdal was born in Vinje as a son of farmers Bjørn Aslaksson Berdal (1845–1915) and Margit Aanundsdatter Jore (1859–1938). In September 1918 he married Kristine (Motta) Moxness (1898–1985). Their daughter, Margit, married officer Jens Christian Magnus. He died in April 1981 in Bærum.

He was a pioneer in the development of hydroelectric power stations in Norway. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1961, and was a Grand Knight of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon.

Order of the Falcon
The Order of the Falcon (Icelandic: Hin íslenska fálkaorða) is the only order of chivalry in Iceland, founded by King Christian X of Denmark and Iceland on 3 July 1921. The award is awarded for merit for Iceland and humanity and has five degrees. Nowadays, appointments are made on the nomination of the President of Iceland and that of a "five-member council."
Central School (Martins Ferry, Ohio)
The Central School was a school building in Martins Ferry, Ohio, United States.  Located at the corner of South 4th and Hickory Streets, the school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1979.  It is no longer on the Register: the designation was removed on February 21, 1980, less than a year after it was added.  Designed by Benjamin Exley and C.H. Owsley, it was built in 1897 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture.

The building was demolished to make room for the Citizens National Bank, the current owners.

Martins Ferry, Ohio
Martins Ferry is the most populous city in Belmont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,260 as of the 2020 census. Located along the Ohio River across from Wheeling, West Virginia, it is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.
Kadalkkaattu
Kadalkkaattu (transl. Sea breeze) is a 1980 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by P. G. Viswambharan, written by A. Sheriff, and produced by Sherif Kottarakkara. The film stars Jayabharathi, K. P. A. C. Lalitha, M. G. Soman, and Bahadoor. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

A. Sheriff
Alleppey Sheriff, also known as A. Sheriff (1940 – 2 December 2015), was an Indian film scriptwriter and director in Malayalam movies. He wrote the script, story and dialogue for more than 100 Malayalam movies during the 1970s and 1980s. He wrote the screenplays for movies Avalude Ravukal in 1978, Ulsavam in 1975, Eeta in 1978, and Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum in 1979.
Sergey Bolshakov
Sergey Bolshakov (born 6 June 1988) is a Russian professional swimmer, specialising in Open water swimming. He won the bronze medal in the 10 km open water marathon at the 2011 World Championships.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He took up swimming at the age of nine in his home town, after being encouraged to do so by his mother, who was also a swimmer.  He competes for the Central Army Sports Club (CSKA).  Since 2010, his coach has been Elena Nurgaleyeva.  He made his international debut for Russia in 2007.

2011 World Aquatics Championships
The 14th FINA World Championships (Chinese: 2011年世界游泳锦标赛) were held on 16–31 July 2011 in Shanghai, China at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center. The 2011 World Championships featured five aquatics disciplines: swimming, water polo, diving, open water, and synchronized swimming.  At this championships, synchronized swimmer Natalia Ishchenko, of Russia, was the most decorated competitor winning all six gold medals of her events, at solo, duet and team routines. These championships served as qualifying stages for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

FINA announced Shanghai as the host on 24 March 2007, over other finalist Doha, Qatar.
Cobbins
Cobbins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Cobbins (born 1984), American musician

Lyron Cobbins (born 1974), American football player

Michael Cobbins (born 1992), American basketball player

Lyron Cobbins
Lyron Duryea Cobbins (born September 17, 1974) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). After going to Wyandotte High School, Cobbins played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, and in his senior year was named Third-team All American. Cobbins made his NFL debut in the n 1997 with the Arizona Cardinals. He played for the Arizona Cardinals for his entire one-year career. He is the cousin of Stellar Award winner Chris Cobbins
V. P. Whelan
Vincent Paul Whelan (July 19, 1877 – November 21, 1946) was an American college football player and coach.  He was the head football coachat Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. He held that position for the 1902 season. His coaching record at Allegheny was 7–3.

Whelan was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He died in Palm Beach, Florida in 1946.

Meadville, Pennsylvania
Meadville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,050 at the 2020 census. The first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania, Meadville is within 40 miles (64 km) of Erie and within 90 miles (140 km) of Pittsburgh. It is the principal city of the  Meadville micropolitan area, as well as part of the larger Erie–Meadville combined statistical area.
Hans-Peter Lindstrøm
Hans-Peter Lindstrøm (born 16 February 1973) is a Norwegian music producer who works under the name Lindstrøm. He established the music label Feedelity in 2002.  He often collaborates with fellow producer Prins Thomas (together constituting the musical group Lindstrøm & Prins Thomas). Lindstrøm won a Spellemannsprisen in 2008 for Where You Go I Go Too. He released a DJ mix album for the Late Night Tales compilation series on Azuli Records on 9 July 2007.

Late Night Tales
Late Night Tales and its predecessor Another Late Night are the names of two related series of artist-curated compilation albums released by Azuli Records in the UK until 2009 when the independent record label Night Time Stories took over the series. Both series were started by the author A.W. Wilde. The tracks on the albums are selected and mixed by a diverse selection of artists asked by Late Night Tales to create the ultimate late night mix. Many of the albums end with a story track, read by famous English performers including Benedict Cumberbatch, Will Self, Brian Blessed, Alex Turner and Patrick Moore. With the exception of Jamiroquai, Air, Bill Brewster, and Don Letts' contributions, each release includes a cover version recorded by the artist(s).

The series has been met with critical acclaim, with GQ praising Late Night Tales as "The Rolls Royce of compilations". 2011 saw the label celebrate their tenth anniversary with a box set including all albums to date.
Bethnal Green tube station
Bethnal Green (/ˈbɛθnəl ˈɡriːn/) is a London Underground station in Bethnal Green, London, England. It is on the Central line between Liverpool Street and Mile End stations, and is in London fare zone 2. It is open 24 hours on a Friday and Saturday as part of the Night Tube service. The station was opened as part of the long planned Central line eastern extension on 4 December 1946, having previously been used as an air-raid shelter.

On 3 March 1943, 173 people, including 62 children, were killed in a crush while attempting to enter the shelter, in what is believed to be the largest loss of civilian life in the UK during the Second World War.

Night Tube
The Night Tube and London Overground Night Service, often referred to simply as Night Tube, is a service pattern on the London Underground ("Tube") and London Overground systems which provides through-the-night services on Friday and Saturday nights on the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, and a short section of the London Overground's Windrush line. The service began on the night of Friday 19 August 2016, providing 24-hour service on these routes from Friday morning to Sunday evening each weekend. It was suspended from Friday 20 March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the service partially reopening on Saturday 27 November 2021 and fully restored by Friday 29 July 2022.
2022 Split Open – Doubles
Szymon Walków and Jan Zieliński were the defending champions but chose not to defend his title.

Nathaniel Lammons and Albano Olivetti won the title after defeating Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul 4–6, 7–6(8–6), [10–7] in the final.

Szymon Walków
Szymon Walków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʂɨmɔn ˈvalkuf]; born 22 September 1995) is a Polish tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 86 achieved on 13 June 2022. He has reached one ATP doubles final. Walków has also reached 43 career doubles finals with a record of 24 wins and 19 losses, including a 12–9 record in ATP Challenger Tour finals. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 818 achieved on 3 December 2018.
Gangsta Harmony
Gangsta Harmony is the only solo studio album by American singer and record producer Mo B. Dick. It was released on April 13, 1999 through No Limit Records. Recording sessions took place at The Ice Cream Shop, at Westlake Audio and at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, and at Enterprise Studios in Burbank, California. Production was handled by Beats By The Pound and Sons of Funk, with Master P serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from C-Murder, Sons of Funk, Big Ed, Dolliolie, Fiend, KLC, Lil' Gotti, Magic, Mac, Mia X, Mr. Serv-On, O'Dell, Silkk the Shocker, Chub, Claude Achille, and Cool-Ass Alicis. The album peaked at number 66 on the Billboard 200 and number 16 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums only selling 31,000 copies in its first week. A music video for the single "Shoot' m up Movies" was released.

Mr. Serv-On
Corey Smith (born September 18, 1969), better known by his stage name Mr. Serv-On, is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr. Serv-On  is best known for his time spent with No Limit Records from 1990 to 2000.
Bill Burgess (American football)
Bill Burgess (January 26, 1941 – December 13, 2023) was an American college football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama, for 12 seasons, from 1985 until 1996, compiling a record of 84–49–4.  In 1992, he led his team to a national title, winning the NCAA Division II Football Championship.

A native of Birmingham, Alabama, Burgess played fullback in college for the Auburn Tigers and earned an athletic letter for the 1962 season under head coach Ralph Jordan. In 2011, he was inducted into the Division II Hall of Fame. In 2019, he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. He was the father of Rick and Greg Burgess from the nationally syndicated Rick and Bubba radio show.

Burgess died in Birmingham, Alabama on December 13, 2023, at the age of 82.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Sung Ching-yang
Sung Ching-yang (Chinese: 宋青陽; pinyin: Sòng Qīngyáng; Mandarin pronunciation: [sʊ̂ŋ tɕʰíŋ jǎŋ]; born 18 October 1992) is a Taiwanese inline speed skater and long track speed skater who specialises in the sprint distances. In international competitions he competes under the flag of Chinese Taipei.

At the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, Sung won two gold medals in roller sports, winning both the 300 metres time trial and the 500 metres sprint.

In ice skating Sung participated in the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's 500 metres and 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's 1000 metres and has represented Chinese Taipei at the 2014 Winter Olympics in both events in Sochi. In December 2013 he won a bronze medal at the 1000 metres at the 2013 Winter Universiade speed skating.

Ching-Yang became the first speed skater to represent his country at the Winter Olympics (in 2014). In 2017 he was named to Chinese Taipei's team at the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo, Japan.

Chinese Taipei at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Chinese Taipei competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from the 7 to 23 February 2014. The Chinese Taipei team consisted of three athletes in three sports, including short track speed skating and speed skating for the first time ever.

Since 1984, athletes from Taiwan  have competed at the Olympics as "Chinese Taipei" due to political reasons. Even though the country's name is Taiwan (Republic of China), due to opposition from China, they compete under a different name. Also, The 2014 Games marked the first time a Taiwanese Olympic team competed in Russia, as Taiwan and 64 western countries took part at the American-led boycott in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow due to the Soviet–Afghan War.
One Thing Remains
One Thing Remains is the third studio album by Canadian hard rock band Default. It was released on October 11, 2005. The album features a more straightforward hard rock sound than the band's previous work, downplaying their characteristic alternative metal elements. "The Memory Will Never Die" was used as one of the theme songs of World Wrestling Entertainment's (WWE) event WrestleMania 23 and WWE's Tribute to the Troops. The album produced three singles, including "Count on Me", which reached number one on the Canadian rock airplay chart and the top 40 on both the Mainstream and Alternative rock charts in the United States. The original demo version of "The Way We Were" was first recorded with Rich Robinson of The Black Crowes as its producer but later re-recorded for the album.

Rich Robinson
Richard Robinson (born May 24, 1969) is an American musician and founding member of the rock and roll band the Black Crowes. Along with older brother Chris Robinson, Rich formed the band in 1984 (originally called Mr. Crowes Garden) while the two were attending Walton High School in Marietta, Georgia. At age 15, Rich wrote the music for "She Talks to Angels", which became one of the band's biggest hits.
Jette railway station
Jette railway station (French: Gare de Jette; Dutch: Station Jette) is a railway station in the municipality of Jette in Brussels, Belgium, opened in 1892. The station, operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB), is located south of King Baudouin Park on the Place Cardinal Mercier/Kardinaal Mercierplein. It lies on line 50, between Bockstael and Berchem-Sainte-Agathe railway stations.

Nearby is the Gare de Jette/Jette Station stop of the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB), which offers a connection with Brussels tram route 19, as well as bus routes 53 and 88.

Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company
The Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (French: Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Bruxelles or STIB; Dutch: Maatschappij voor het Intercommunaal Vervoer te Brussel or MIVB) is the local public transport operator in Brussels, Belgium. It is usually referred to in English by the double acronym STIB/MIVB, or by its French acronym, STIB.

STIB/MIVB is responsible for the Brussels Metro, Brussels trams and Brussels buses, linking with the De Lijn network in Flanders and the TEC network in Wallonia.
Pirate television
A pirate television station is a broadcast television station that operates without a broadcast license.  Like its counterpart pirate radio, the term pirate TV lacks a specific universal interpretation. It implies a form of broadcasting that is unwelcome by the licensing authorities within the territory where its signals are received, especially when the country of transmission is the same as the country of reception. When the area of transmission is not a country, or when it is a country and the transmissions are not illegal, those same broadcast signals may be deemed illegal in the country of reception. Pirate television stations may also be known as "bootleg TV", or confused with licensed low-power broadcasting (LPTV) or amateur television (ATV) services.

DWJJ-AM
DWJJ (684 AM) is a radio station owned by Kaissar Broadcasting Network and operated by Double J Ad Ventures, a local media outlet owned by Cabanatuan Vice Mayor Julius Cesar Vergara. The station's studio and transmitter are located at Celcor Compound, Bitas, Cabanatuan.
Lazdynai
Lazdynai (Lithuanian: Lazdynų seniūnija, Lazdynai) is an eldership of Vilnius, Lithuania, situated on the right bank of the Neris River. It covers a area of 9.9 square kilometres (3.8 sq mi) and has a population of 31,097 (according to the 2011 census). The word means "hazel bushes" in Lithuanian.

Hazel
Hazels are plants of the genus Corylus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family, Betulaceae, though some botanists split the hazels (with the hornbeams and allied genera) into a separate family Corylaceae. The fruit of the hazel is the hazelnut.