hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Daniel
Samuel Daniel (1562–1619) was an English poet, playwright and historian in the late-Elizabethan and early-Jacobean eras. He was an innovator in a wide range of literary genres. His best-known works are the sonnet cycle Delia, the epic poem The Civil Wars Between the Houses of Lancaster and York, the dialogue in verse Musophilus, and the essay on English poetry A Defence of Rhyme. He was considered one of the preeminent authors of his time, and his works had a significant influence on contemporary writers, including William Shakespeare. Daniel's writings continued to influence authors for centuries after his death, especially the Romantic poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. C. S. Lewis called Daniel "the most interesting man of letters" whom the sixteenth century produced in England. George Eliot quoted from Musophilus, “Why should our pride make such a stir to be …”, uncredited, in Middlemarch

Sonnet
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word sonetto (lit. 'little song', from the Latin word sonus, lit. 'sound'). Originating in 13th-century Sicily, the sonnet was in time taken up in many European-language areas, mainly to express romantic love at first, although eventually any subject was considered acceptable. Many formal variations were also introduced, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit – and even of rhyme altogether in modern times.
Fedde Jonkman
Fedde Jonkman (28 April 1941 – November 2024) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He was the mayor of Rijnsburg (1985–1997) and the mayor of Waddinxveen (1997–2004).

Jonkman died in November 2024, at the age of 83.

Anti-Revolutionary Party
The Anti-Revolutionary Party (Dutch: Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, ARP) was a Protestant conservative and Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a neo-Calvinist theologian and minister who served as Prime Minister between 1901 and 1905. In 1980 the party merged with the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
Monte Cristo Gold Mine
34°21′11″N 118°05′20″W﻿ / ﻿34.35306°N 118.08889°W﻿ / 34.35306; -118.08889
The Monte Cristo Gold Mine (Spanish for Mountain of Christ Gold Mine) is a gold mine in the San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA.

The Monte Cristo Gold Mine is part of the quest for mineral wealth in the San Gabriels. Many of the older tunnels and shafts are closed, and the 100-year-old machinery is no longer in operation. The mine has not been operated since 1942, but for over half a century it bustled with activity.

The Monte Cristo Gold Mine is on the chaparral-coated slopes of Roundtop Mountain, around Mill Creek and Ootsark Canyon.

The region in the Angeles National Forest of the San Gabriel Mountains has the Monte Cristo Campground and the Monte Cristo Ranger station operated by the United States Forest Service. Although the campground is open to the public, the Monte Cristo Gold Mine is private property and not open to the general public.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Baron of Castlehill
Baron of Castlehill is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland in Inverness.

Castlehill, also called as Auld Castlehill, lies on the outskirts of the burgh of Inverness, between Culcabock, Drakies, and Culloden and it may be the hill where Macbeth's castle once stood. The lands were thought to have been granted to the Cuthbert family by King Kenneth I in the 950s, however the first known charter erecting Castlehill into a barony is from King James III on 23 July 1478.  This charter was granted to William Cuthbert, grandson of George Cuthbert "who distinguished himself at the Battle of Harlaw".

The barony was held by the Cuthbert family until 1802. When Lewis Cuthbert died in that year, the lands were sold and the title of baron became "dormant". Much of the land was eventually acquired by the Frasiers of Lovat and research performed by Dr. Richard Culbert of Muirton and Brian Hamilton has determined that the current holder of the title is Simon Fraser, 16th Lord Lovat.

Culloden, Highland
Culloden (/kəˈlɒdən/ listenⓘ; from Scottish Gaelic Cùl Lodain, "back of the small pond"; modern Gaelic Cùil Lodair) is a village three miles (five kilometres) east of Inverness, Scotland and the surrounding area. 3 mi (5 km) east of the village is Drumossie Moor, site of the Battle of Culloden.
Bruce E. Kasold
Bruce Edward Kasold (born April 26, 1951) is an American lawyer and former judge. He was appointed as a judge to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims by President George W. Bush in December 2003.  He served as the chief judge of the Court from August 2010 to August 2015.  Kasold is a graduate of Bishop McGann-Mercy Diocesan High School in Riverhead, New York.  He earned his undergraduate degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1973, and his Juris Doctor from the University of Florida Law School in 1979. Kasold also earned a Master of Laws from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1982 and a Master of Laws equivalent from the Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School in 1984.

Bishop McGann-Mercy Diocesan High School
Bishop McGann-Mercy Diocesan High School (formerly Mercy High School) was a Roman Catholic high school in Riverhead, New York on Long Island.   It was operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre. The Diocese closed the school in 2018.
2022 Jeddah Formula 2 round
The 2022 Jeddah FIA Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 25 and 27 March 2022 at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit. It was the second round of the 2022 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2022 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.

Frederik Vesti
Frederik Vesti Stamm (Danish pronunciation: [fʁεðʁεɡ̊ ˈvεsti]; born 13 January 2002) is a Danish racing driver, who competes in the IMSA SportsCar Championship for Cadillac Whelen and serves as a reserve driver in Formula One for Mercedes.

Vesti was the 2023 Formula 2 runner-up, driving for Prema Racing. He was the inaugural champion of the Formula Regional European Championship and a four-time FIA Formula 3 race winner where he came fourth in 2020 and 2021. He currently holds the record for the most points scored (284.5) in Formula 3.
Maja e zezë
Maja e Zezë (Macedonian: Црн Врв, romanized: Crn Vrv; Serbo-Croatian: Црни Врх, Crni Vrh, meaning black peak), is a mountain in Kosovo and North Macedonia. It is part of the Šar Mountains range and is 2,585 m (8,481 ft) high. To the east of the mountain is Peskovi (2,651 m or 8,698 ft), and to the west of it is Kobilica (2,528 m or 8,294 ft).

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Margaret Jude
Margaret Bowman Jude (born 1 August 1940) is an Australian former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in one Test match for Australia in 1963, and five One Day Internationals for International XI at the 1973 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for South Australia, as well as playing in various friendly matches for Middlesex and Thames Valley.

International XI women's cricket team
The International XI women's cricket team was a team that took part in two Women's Cricket World Cups. They were essentially a "best of the rest" team, including players not selected by their own countries. They took part in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup, finishing in fourth place, and returned for the 1982 tournament, finishing in last place. Their overall record in ODIs was played 18, won 3, lost 14, with one no result.
Sjock Festival
Sjock festival is a music festival in Belgium since 1976 (1976). The festival draws a European crowd featuring Punk rock, Rockabilly, Garage rock and Surf music. The festival takes place every year in Gierle in the first or second weekend of July.

Bands that have featured at Sjock include: Monster Magnet, Dr. Feelgood, The Godfathers, The Fuzztones, The Adolescents, Radiohead, Mudhoney, The Sonics, and Dinosaur Jr.

The Kids (Belgian band)
The Kids are a Belgian punk rock band formed in 1976. They are Belgium's best known punk band and best remembered for their songs "Fascist Cops" (1978) and "There Will Be No Next Time" (1981). The band broke up in 1985 but reunited in 1996 for the soundtrack recording of the Belgian film Dief (Thief). They have been together ever since, playing concerts around the world.
Scott Alderdice
Scott Alderdice is a Shakespearean director, writer, media producer and acting lecturer currently based at the University of Southern Queensland in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. He is a graduate of the Victorian College of the Arts, and currently the Theatre Co-ordinator for the university's School of Creative Arts.

Warrumbungle National Park
Warrumbungle National Park is a heritage listed national park located in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The national park is located approximately 550 kilometres (340 mi) northwest of Sydney and contained within 23,311 hectares (57,600 acres). The park attracts approximately 35,000 visitors per annum.

The national park is based on the geographical Warrumbungle Mountain Range, sometimes shortened to the Warrumbungles, and thus the park name is often heard in the plural. The park lies within the Pilliga Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for a range of woodland bird species, many of which are threatened.

Warrumbungle National Park was added to the Australian National Heritage List in December 2006.

On 4 July 2016, the park was the first within Australia to be certified as a Dark Sky Park by the International Dark Sky Association.
Vladimir Zhitarenko
Colonel Vladimir Zhitarenko (Russian: Владимир Житаренко; June 15, 1942 – January 1, 1995) was a military correspondent for the Russian armed forces daily Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star).

Zhitarenko had covered post-Soviet conflicts in Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Chechnya, South Ossetia, Tajikistan and the Transdnester, as well as the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl.

On December 31, 1994, Zhitarenko was hit by two sniper bullets, including in the head, as he stepped out of an armored personnel carrier on a front line outside the town of Tolstoy-Yurt, near the Chechen capital of Grozny. He died the next day, as the second journalist to die covering the First Chechen War (after Cynthia Elbaum, an American photographer killed during an air raid on Grozny on December 22, 1994).

Correspondent
A correspondent or on-the-scene reporter is usually a journalist or commentator for a magazine, or an agent who contributes reports to a newspaper, or radio or television news, or another type of company, from a remote, often distant, location. A foreign correspondent is stationed in a foreign country. The term "correspondent" refers to the original practice of filing news reports via postal letter. The largest networks of correspondents belong to ARD (Germany) and BBC (UK).
Feodor Asmussen
Feodor Alexander Asmussen (18 June 1887–1961) was a Danish architect. His works ranged from villas, to bank buildings and factories. He designed the City Hall in Hjorring in 1919 winning 3rd prize in a competition.

Hjørring
Hjørring (Danish pronunciation: [ˈjɶɐ̯e̝ŋ]) is a town on the island of Vendsyssel-Thy at the top of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Hjørring Municipality in the North Jutland Region. The population is 25,908 (according to an official census carried on 1 January 2025). It is also one of Denmark's oldest towns, having celebrated its 750th anniversary as a market town in 1993.

Hjørring is centrally located in a sparsely populated area and serves as an urban center for large parts of especially the western and central Vendsyssel.
David G. Nathan
David Gordon Nathan (born May 25, 1929) is an American pediatrician and hematologist.  He is known for his authorship of Nathan and Oski's Hematology of Infancy and Childhood, a standard reference in pediatrics, currently in its seventh edition. Nathan remains an author on the current edition.

Now retired, he was Robert A. Stranahan professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and served as president of the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute.

John Howland Award
The John Howland Award is the highest honor bestowed by the American Pediatric Society (APS). Named in honor of John Howland (1873–1926), the award, with its accompanying medal, is presented annually by the American Pediatric Society for "distinguished service to pediatrics as a whole."

Since 1952, when Edwards A. Park, M.D., received the inaugural Howland Award, this honor has been bestowed upon esteemed leaders in academic pediatrics whose significant contributions have advanced the lives of children and the profession of pediatrics through clinical care, scientific discovery, mentorship and service.

Dr. Bonnie W. Ramsey, selected for the 2025 award, is the most recent Howland Awardee.
Bill Kindricks
William Alfred "Bill" Kindricks (July 24, 1946 – June 8, 2015) was an American football defensive tackle who played one season for the Cincinnati Bengals. He was also on the Oakland Raiders but did not play for them. In his second season he played in the Continental Football League (COFL) for the Spokane Shockers.

Spokane Shockers
The Spokane Shockers were a professional American football team based in Spokane, Washington. The team was founded in 1967 as the Victoria Steelers of the Continental Football League but transferred to Spokane during the 1967–68 offseason. While in Spokane the team played its home games in Joe Albi Stadium. The Shockers had a farm team arrangement with the American Football League's Oakland Raiders, and their most notable player during their brief existence was future Hall of Fame quarterback Ken Stabler.

As a result of the demise of the COFL, Spokane was first forced to suspend operations and then cease them altogether. As late as June 1970, plans to continue operating the COFL's Pacific Division as a separate entity were considered viable, but these plans were abandoned when the Sacramento Capitols folded in July and the Portland Loggers stopped responding to phone calls by August.
Bragat language
Bragat is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in four villages, including in Yauan village (3°30′06″S 142°34′46″E﻿ / ﻿3.50179°S 142.57953°E﻿ / -3.50179; 142.57953﻿ (Yauan)), Sundun ward, Palmai Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (日本王代一覧, Nihon ōdai ichiran), The Table of the Rulers of Japan, is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings.

According to the 1871 edition of the American Cyclopaedia, the 1834 French translation of Nihon Ōdai Ichiran was one of very few books about Japan available in the Western world.

Tairō
Tairō (Japanese: 大老, "great elder") was a high-ranking official position in the Tokugawa shogunate government of Japan, roughly comparable to the office of prime minister. The tairō presided over the governing rōjū council in the event of an emergency. A tairō was nominated from among the fudai daimyōs, who worked closely with the Tokugawa traditionally. Generally, the office holder was the shogunate's chief policymaker, and provided Japan with a capable temporary leader in the absence of a shōgun, or in the event that the shōgun was incapacitated.
Surkhi
Surkhi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh. It is situated 30 km away from the district headquarter.

It is part of Surkhi Assembly constituency.
Govind Singh Rajput is MLA from here.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
SS Queen Cristina (1896)
Queen Cristina was a steam cargo ship built in 1896 by Bartram & Sons of Sunderland for Thomas Dunlop & Sons of Glasgow. The ship was designed and built for general cargo trade and spent her career doing tramp trade. She was named after Queen Cristina of Spain, and was the first ship named Queen Cristina in service with the Queen Line.

Tramp trade
A boat or ship engaged in the tramp trade is one which does not have a fixed schedule, itinerary nor published ports of call, and trades on the spot market as opposed to freight liners. A steamship engaged in the tramp trade is sometimes called a tramp steamer; similar terms, such as tramp freighter and tramper, are also used.  Chartering is done chiefly on London, New York, and Singapore shipbroking exchanges.  The Baltic Exchange serves as a type of stock market index for the trade.

The term tramper is derived from the British meaning of "tramp", as being an itinerant beggar or vagrant. In this context, it was first documented in the 1880s, along with "ocean tramp" (at the time many sailing vessels engaged in irregular trade as well).
Maharana Pratap Sagar
Maharana Pratap Sagar, also known as Pong Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake, is a large reservoir in Fatehpur, Jawali and Dehra tehsil of Kangra district of the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. It was created in 1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills. Named in the honour of Maharana Pratap (1540–1597), the reservoir or the lake is a well-known wildlife sanctuary and one of the 49 international wetland sites declared in India by the Ramsar Convention.
The reservoir covers an area of 24,529 hectares (60,610 acres), and the wetlands portion is 15,662 hectares (38,700 acres).

The Pong Reservoir and Gobindsagar Reservoir are the two most important fishing reservoirs in the Himalayan foothills of Himachal Pradesh. These reservoirs are the leading sources of fish within the Himalayan states. Several towns and villages were submerged in the reservoir and many families were displaced as a result.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Gunnar Eriksson
Krång Erik Gunnar Eriksson (13 September 1921 – 8 July 1982) was a Swedish cross-country skier who won two medals at the 1948 Winter Olympics, a gold in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the individual 18 km. Eriksson won the 50 km event at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, but finished 12th at the 1952 Olympics and 21st at the 1954 World Championships.

Eriksson had five brothers and three sisters. Their father died aged 42, and the children had to start working in their teens at the local knife factory; in 1946 they started their own hardware business. Eriksson married Kerstin Norlin, the winner of the 1949 Vasa ski marathon, who lived next door. She died aged 38. After retiring from competitions in 1954 Eriksson spent time collecting stamps, fishing, hunting and working as timberjack. In 1980 he developed Lou Gehrig’s disease and died in July 1982.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950 took place during February 1–6, 1950 in Lake Placid, New York, United States and Rumford, Maine, United States. This was Lake Placid's second time hosting the championships after having done so at the 1932 Winter Olympics. It also marked the first time after World War II the event took place after the Winter Olympics in a non-Olympic year (St. Moritz, Switzerland hosted the 1948 Winter Olympics two years earlier), the second time the world championships occurred outside Europe, the first time they had occurred outside Europe in a non-Olympic year, and the only time the United States has hosted the event in a non-Olympic year.  The ski-jumping events were held at Lake Placid, while the cross-country skiing events (originally planned to also be held at Lake Placid) were moved to Rumford due to insufficient snow.
U.S.A. (Aiight Then)
"U.S.A. (Aiight Then)" is the third and final single from Mobb Deep's Murda Muzik album. The b-side features the song "Spread Love". The song was originally titled "Street Kingz" and featured a short verse by frequent collaborator Nas.

Murda Muzik
Murda Muzik is the fourth studio album by American hip-hop duo Mobb Deep, which was released on August 17, 1999, through Columbia Records and Loud Records. It features one of the group's best-known tracks, "Quiet Storm." It is also the duo's most commercially successful album to date, for shipping over 1 million copies in the United States and was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 26, 1999, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 charts. Murda Muzik also garnered positive reviews from The Source and AllMusic, among others. A censored version of the album, titled Mobb Muzik, was released simultaneously. As of March 23, 2025 the album has sold over 2.8 million copies in the U.S.