hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 490
NGC 490, also occasionally referred to as PGC 4973 or GC 277, is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 85 million light-years from Earth and was discovered on December 6, 1850, by Irish engineer Bindon Blood Stoney. Although John Dreyer, creator of the New General Catalogue, credits the discovery to astronomer William Parsons, he notes that many of his claimed discoveries were made by one of his assistants. In the case of NGC 490, the discovery was made by Bindon Stoney, who discovered it along with NGC 486, NGC 492 and NGC 500 during his observation of NGC 488.

The object was initially described in the New General Catalogue as "very faint, very small, round, 8 arcmin northeast of h 103 (=NGC 488)".

William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse
William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse KP FRS (17 June 1800 – 31 October 1867), was an English engineer and astronomer. He built several giant telescopes.
His 72-inch telescope, built in 1845 and colloquially known as the "Leviathan of Parsonstown", was the world's largest telescope, in terms of aperture size, until the early 20th century. From April 1807 until February 1841, he was styled as Baron Oxmantown.
Jean-Louis Touraine
Jean-Louis Touraine (born 8 October 1945) is a French politician and professor of medicine who served as a member of the National Assembly for Rhône's 3rd constituency from 2007 to 2022. He is a member of La République En Marche (LREM).

Urban Community of Lyon
The Urban Community of Lyon (French: Communauté urbaine de Lyon), also known as Grand Lyon (i.e. "Greater Lyon") or by its former acronym COURLY, is the former intercommunal structure gathering the city of Lyon (France) and some of its suburbs. It was created in January 1969.

The Metropolis of Lyon replaced the Urban Community on 1 January 2015.

The Urban Community of Lyon encompasses only the core of the metropolitan area of Lyon. Communes further away from the centre of the metropolitan area have formed their own intercommunal structures, such as:

Syndicate of New Agglomeration of L'Isle-d'Abeau (Syndicat d'agglomération nouvelle de l'Isle-d'Abeau): 38,769 inhabitants

Community of Communes of the East of Lyon (Communauté de communes de l'Est Lyonnais): 27,706 inhabitants

Community of Communes of the Garon Valley (Communauté de communes de la Vallée du Garon): 27,515 inhabitants
The Hangman at Home
The Hangman at Home is an internationally co-produced animated film, directed by Michelle Kranot and Uri Kranot and released in 2021. Inspired by Carl Sandburg's poem of the same name, the film depicts five interwoven stories about human vulnerability and the need for emotional connection.

The film was released in both short film and immersive virtual reality editions.

The short film received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Animated Short at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian animated short film. Formerly part of the Genie Awards, since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.
Glory By Honor VIII: The Final Countdown
Glory by Honor VIII: The Final Countdown was the 8th Glory By Honor professional wrestling event promoted by Ring of Honor. It took place on September 26, 2009, at the Manhattan Center in New York, New York. The show was headlined by Bryan Danielson vs. Nigel McGuinness, who were both making their last appearances for ROH before leaving for World Wrestling Entertainment. Danielson would go on to find success in the WWE, however McGuinness' contract had fallen through and he signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Danielson, who was the first to announce he was signing with WWE, was originally scheduled to face Austin Aries for the ROH World Championship, but the match was later changed when McGuinness also announced he was signing.

ROH World Championship
The ROH World Championship is a men's professional wrestling world championship created and promoted by the American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). It is considered the most prestigious title in the promotion. In addition to being in ROH, the championship is also occasionally defended on All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) programs, as AEW and ROH are both owned by Tony Khan. The current champion is Bandido, who is in his second reign. He won the title by defeating Chris Jericho in a Title vs. Mask match at AEW Dynasty on April 6, 2025.

Established on June 22, 2002, the inaugural champion was Low Ki. When the title is jointly held with the AEW Continental Championship and the Strong Openweight Championship of the American branch of partner promotion New Japan Pro-Wrestling, the three titles together make up the American Triple Crown Championship, also referred to as the Continental Crown; as of March 2024, this has only happened once.
Robert Campbell Roberts
Robert Campbell Roberts (born 1942) is an American philosopher and distinguished professor emeritus of ethics at Baylor University. Previously he was a professor of philosophy and psychological studies at Wheaton College.

Wheaton College (Illinois)
Wheaton College is a private Evangelical Christian liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, United States. It was founded by evangelical abolitionists in 1860. Wheaton College was a stop on the Underground Railroad and graduated one of Illinois' first Black college graduates. Colloquially known as the "Harvard of Evangelical Schools", it has been considered one of the leading Christian universities in the United States and an influential institution in North American evangelicalism and as an anchor of the "Bible belt" centered around the Wheaton area.
2016 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship is the 33rd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship for players in the intermediate grade since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 22 May 2016 and ended on 6 August 2016.

Galway were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kilkenny in the Leinster final. Kilkenny won the title after defeating Clare by 5-16 to 1-16 in the final.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
Eli Lilly and Company v. Medtronic, Inc., 496 U.S. 661 (1990), is a United States Supreme Court case related to patent infringement in the medical device industry.  It held that 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(1) of United States patent law exempted premarketing activity conducted to gain approval of a device under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act from a finding of infringement.

Title 35 of the United States Code
Title 35 of the United States Code is a title of United States Code regarding patent law. The sections of Title 35 govern all aspects of patent law in the United States. There are currently 37 chapters, which include 376 sections (149 of which are used), in Title 35.

Federally recognized forms of intellectual property are scattered throughout the United States Code. Copyrights are covered under Title 17. Trademark and unfair competition law is defined in Chapter 22 of Title 15. Trade Secrets law, another form of intellectual property, is defined in Title 18.

Title 35 has four parts, which are delved into further later in the article:

Part I—United States Patent and Trademark Office

Part II—Patentability of Inventions and Grant of Patents

Part III—Patents and Protection of Patent Rights

Part IV—Patent Cooperation Treaty
William Berry (artist)
William Augustus Berry (born September 29, 1933, Jacksonville, Texas; died January 3, 2010, Columbia, Missouri)  was an author, artist, and professor of art, known for his illustrations and colored pencil drawings.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Tegeticula superficiella
Tegeticula superficiella is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found in the United States in south-western Utah and northern Arizona. The habitat consists of shrub desert and open pine forests.

The wingspan is 20.5–30 mm.

The larvae feed on Yucca elata var. utahensis, Yucca baileyi and Yucca angustissima var. kanabensis.

Yucca elata
Yucca elata is a perennial plant, with common names that include soaptree, soaptree yucca, soapweed, and palmella. It is native to southwestern North America, in the Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert in the United States (western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona), southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Nuevo León). Yucca elata is widely distributed, although its population appears to be decreasing.
Maglavit Monastery
Maglavit Monastery is an Orthodox monastery in Romania, located in Maglavit commune in Dolj County.  It is built at the place where the shepherd Petrache Lupu would have seen God. The place was called "La buturug". Petrache Lupu was a deaf and mute shepherd that convinced hundreds of thousands of pilgrims that God appeared to him. The monastery was closed in the communist period and opened after 1989. In 2019 the International Meeting of Orthodox Youth happened at the Monastery with over 4,000 young people.

Dolj County
Dolj County (Romanian pronunciation: [dolʒ] ⓘ; originally meant Dol(no)-Jiu, "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu)) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova.
Bárbaro Rivas
Bárbaro Rivas (4 December 1893 – 12 March 1967), was a Venezuelan naive painter born in Petare. His works became known in the early 1950s after his discovery by art critic Francisco Da Antonio in 1949.

Petare
10°29′N 66°49′W﻿ / ﻿10.483°N 66.817°W﻿ / 10.483; -66.817

Dulce Nombre de Jesús de Petare is a neighborhood in Miranda, Venezuela, and is part of the Metropolitan District of Caracas.  It is located in the Sucre Municipality, one of the five divisions of Caracas.  The city was founded in 1621 under the name of San Jose de Guanarito. It grew to become a part of the Greater Caracas area as the latter expanded in area and population. Petare had a population of 372,106 inhabitants and about 448,861 according to 2020 estimates. Petare is the biggest slum in Venezuela, and in South America.

The neighborhood is towards the eastern edge of Caracas, but has developed its own commercial core. Two universities are located in Petare: Universidad Santa María and Universidad Metropolitana.  Poverty remains a major limitation to the city's development.
SQLyog
SQLyog is a GUI tool for the RDBMS MySQL. It is developed by Webyog, Inc., based in Bangalore, India, and Santa Clara, California. SQLyog is being used by more than 30,000 customers worldwide and has been downloaded more than 2,000,000 times.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
UAAP Season 76 basketball tournaments
The basketball tournaments of UAAP Season 76  were held in school year 2013–14. Adamson University was both season host and basketball tournaments host. As season host, Adamson was the producer of the opening ceremony on June 29, 2013. As to being tournament host, Adamson was responsible for the scheduling of games, booking of game venues and distribution of game tickets to member schools. The other responsibility of Adamson as tournament host was the nomination of a basketball tournament commissioner to the UAAP Board for approval.

The first doubleheader of basketball games was held after the opening ceremonies at the Mall of Asia Arena. ABS-CBN UHF channel Studio 23 did the broadcast of the men's basketball tournament for the fourteenth consecutive year.

Adamson University
Adamson University (Filipino: Pamantasang Adamson; AdU or ADU) is a private Catholic university operated by the Congregation of the Mission located in Manila, Philippines. The university has academic programs in graduate school, law, the liberal arts, sciences, engineering, nursing, pharmacy, architecture, business administration, and education, as well as secondary, elementary, and preschool. It is one of the universities in the country to receive an autonomous status by the Commission on Higher Education.

Adamson is a member of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines. In its 80th season, the university won first place in the cheerdancing competition.
Association for Experiential Education
The Association for Experiential Education, or AEE, is a nonprofit, professional membership association that promotes experiential education. Currently based in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA, it was founded in the early 1970s in Boone, North Carolina by a group of educators who believed that the core of learning is enhanced by experiential forms of education.

Boone, North Carolina
Boone is a town in and the county seat of Watauga County, North Carolina, United States. Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina, Boone is the home of Appalachian State University and the headquarters of the disaster and medical relief organization Samaritan's Purse. The population was 19,092 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for famous American pioneer and explorer Daniel Boone, and every summer from 1952 has hosted an outdoor amphitheatre drama, Horn in the West, portraying the British settlement of the area during the American Revolutionary War and featuring the contributions of its namesake. It is the largest community and the economic hub of the seven-county region of Western North Carolina known as the High Country.
Ocean Data View
Ocean Data View (ODV) is a proprietary, freely available, software package for the analysis and visualization of oceanographic and meteorological data sets.

ODV is used by a large number of oceanographers. The UNESCO Ocean Teacher project employs ODV as one of its main analysis and display tools. ODV is used to display and analyze data from several oceanographic projects such as Argo, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, World Ocean Database Project, SeaDataNet, World Ocean Atlas, and Medar/Medatlas projects.
Ocean Data View includes also options that permit to perform objective analysis thanks to the add-on DIVA software.

Project
A project is a type of assignment, typically involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a specific objective.

An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations".

A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent) social system (work system), possibly staffed by teams (within or across organizations) to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints.: Section 1.2

A project may form a part of wider programme management: 1  or function as an ad hoc system.: 922

Open-source software "projects" or artists' musical "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise planning and/or time-limited durations.
Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center
The Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center (녕변원자력연구소) is North Korea's major nuclear facility, operating its first nuclear reactors. It is located in Nyongbyon County in North Pyongan Province, about 100 km north of Pyongyang. The center produced the fissile material for North Korea's six nuclear weapon tests from 2006 to 2017, and since 2009 is developing indigenous light water reactor nuclear power station technology.

United States Government Accountability Office
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress in an independent and nonpartisan capacity. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the US General Accounting Office Building in Judiciary Square, and has a headquarters office annex at the Longworth House Office Building on Capitol Hill.

The GAO is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog".

The agency is headed by the comptroller general of the United States. The current Acting Comptroller General is Orice Williams Brown, who has served in the position since December 30th 2025.
October 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 9 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 11

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 23 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 27.

Penza
Penza (Russian: Пенза, IPA: [ˈpʲenzə]) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 36th-largest city in Russia.
Vasmat turmeric
Vasmat Haldi is a variety of turmeric mainly grown in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in Hingoli district of the Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Turmeric cultivation is prominent in the districts of Hingoli, Parbhani, Nanded, Washim and Akola. Hingoli district has the largest area under turmeric cultivation in this region.

Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Vasmat Haldi (Turmeric)".

Parbhani district
Parbhani district (Marathi pronunciation: [pəɾbʰəɳiː] ⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. The district is well known for the Marathwada rebellion and religious tourism(Hinduism, Jainism).
Bronwyn Eagles
Bronwyn Eagles  (born 23 August 1980) is an Australian Olympic athlete who competes in the hammer throw.

Eagles won one junior and six Australian Championships in the women's hammer throw event in her career. Other career highlights include a bronze medal at the World Championships and a silver medal at the Commonwealth Games.

In 2008, two years after her retirement, Eagles resumed competition and went on to win her sixth national title at the Australian Championships.

Australian Athletics Championships
The Australian Athletics Championships or Australian Open Track and Field Championships are held annually to determine Australia's champion athletes in a range of athletics events.  The championships are the primary qualification trial for athletes wishing to compete at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or World Championships. The event is conducted by Australian Athletics.

The 2023 Australian Championships were the 100th edition of the event, which dates back to 1890 for men, and 1931 for women. These championships has been held in all states of Australia, with the Queensland Sport & Athletics Centre being the venue that has held the most editions of the event (12).

Initially, men’s and women’s events were held separately, in different places, until the Olympic selections of 1972 and 1976, and as a single event since 1978.

These championships are considered open: athletes from other countries such as New Zealand and the USA have competed in and won events.
Nicarete of Megara
Nicarete or Nicareta of Megara (Ancient Greek: Νικαρέτη, Nikarétē) was a philosopher of the Megarian school, who flourished around 300 BC. She is stated by Athenaeus to have been a hetaera of good family and education, and to have been a disciple of Stilpo. Diogenes Laërtius states that she was Stilpo's mistress, though he had a wife.

Wife
A wife (pl.: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On the death of her partner, a wife is referred to as a widow. The rights and obligations of a wife to her partner and her status in the community and law vary between cultures and have varied over time.
Them There
Them There is a theatrical production collective made up of a group of comedy writers and performers, notable for working on a range of projects together including the first five series of Horrible Histories, Yonderland and Ghosts. They are also informally referred to as the Horrible Histories troupe and The Six Idiots.

Theatrical production
A theatrical production is any work of theatre, such as a staged play, musical, comedy or drama produced from a written book or script. Theatrical productions also extend to other performance designations such as Dramatic and Nondramatic theatre, as well as Dance theatre. These works are protected by common law or statuary copyright unless in the public domain.
Chemirgoys
The Chemirgoy or Temirgoy are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They lived between the lower flows of the Belaya and Laba Rivers and their lands extended north to the Kuban. After the end of the Caucasian War, most Temirgoys resettled in other Circassian villages (e.g. Bzhedugii, Kabarda, Urupskiy), as well as in Turkey and in other parts of the Middle East. In Turkey, the majority of the population of the village Hadzhimukohabl (now Dondukovskaya) are Temirgoy.

The Temirgoy live mainly in Adygea. The Temirgoy dialect of Adyghe (КIэмыргъуэйбзэ), as well as the Bzhedug dialect, are the main languages of the Circassians in the Republic of Adygea.

Belaya (Kuban)
The Belaya (Russian: Белая [ˈbʲeɫəjə]; Adyghe: Шъхьагуащэ, romanized: Šhaguaśə, IPA: [ʂħaːɡʷaːɕɐ́]) is a river in the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Kuban, which it joins in the Krasnodar Reservoir. The river is 265 kilometres (165 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 5,990 square kilometres (2,310 mi2). It has its sources at the main watershed of the Caucasus Mountains. In its upper reaches it is a typical mountain river, and flows through deep canyons, while in its lower parts it is a slow flowing lowland river.

Its main tributaries are, from source to mouth, Kisha (right), Dakh (right), Kurdzhips (left) and Pshekha (left). Several cities and towns are located along the river including Maykop and Belorechensk.