hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middleton, Tasmania
Middleton is a rural residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Kingborough and Huon Valley in the Hobart and South-east LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of the town of Huonville. The 2016 census recorded a population of 252 for the state suburb of Middleton.

Huon Valley Council
Huon Valley Council is a local government body in Tasmania, covering most of the south of the state. Huon Valley is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 19,454. Towns and localities of the region include Cygnet, Dover, Franklin, Geeveston, Southport and the largest principal town, Huonville.
Malpur Arkan
Malpur Arkan is a small village in the Punjab located on the Banga Road, approximately halfway between Nawanshahr and Banga. The village is located in the district of Nawanshahr, Doaba. The village of Malpur Arkan is close to the villages of Mungowal, Khama, Kariha, Bhangalan and Khatkar Kalan.

The village is developing considerably with a newly developed Gurdwara and upgraded local school (10th grade). The village has a very tight community where everyone is known to each other which makes it a very special village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Advocate General for Scotland
His Majesty's Advocate General for Scotland is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, whose duty it is to advise the Crown and His Majesty's Government on Scots law on reserved matters only. As a consequence, their jurisdiction over Scots law is limited, with the majority of power and decision making being the responsibility of the Lord Advocate in their capacity as the chief legal advisor and public prosecutor for the Scottish Government.

The Office of the Advocate General for Scotland is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. The position is currently occupied by Baroness Smith of Cluny KC.

Primary and secondary legislation
Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of governments in representative democracies. Primary legislation generally consists of statutes, also known as "acts", that set out broad  principles and rules, but may delegate specific authority to an executive branch to make more specific laws under the aegis of the principal act. The executive branch can then issue secondary legislation (often by order-in-council in parliamentary systems, or by regulatory agencies in presidential systems), creating legally enforceable regulations and the procedures for implementing them.
Apamin
Apamin is an 18 amino acid globular peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom).  Dry bee venom consists of 2–3% of apamin. Apamin selectively blocks SK channels, a type of Ca2+-activated K+ channel expressed in the central nervous system. Toxicity is caused by only a few amino acids, in particular cysteine1, lysine4, arginine13, arginine14 and histidine18. These amino acids are involved in the binding of apamin to the Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Due to its specificity for SK channels, apamin is used as a drug in biomedical research to study the electrical properties of SK channels and their role in the afterhyperpolarizations occurring immediately following an action potential.

Afterhyperpolarization
Afterhyperpolarization, or AHP, is the hyperpolarizing phase of a neuron's action potential where the cell's membrane potential falls below the normal resting potential.  This is also commonly referred to as an action potential's undershoot phase. AHPs have been segregated into "fast", "medium", and "slow" components that appear to have distinct ionic mechanisms and durations. While fast and medium AHPs can be generated by single action potentials, slow AHPs generally develop only during trains of multiple action potentials.
Burgoon (surname)
Burgoon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bronson Burgoon (born 1987), American golfer

Eben Burgoon (born 1979), American-born writer

Garrel Burgoon (1900–1970), American businessman and politician

Judee K. Burgoon (born 1948), American professor

Eben Burgoon
Eben Burgoon (born 1979) is an American-born writer best known for the webcomic series Eben 07: Covert Custodian and B-Squad: Soldiers of Misfortune. He is currently working on his independent series Tiny Wizards with artist Dean Beattie.
DXEF
DXEF (100.7 FM) was a radio station owned by People's Broadcasting Service.

The station was formerly under Bombo Radyo Philippines. It was known as The Gentle Wind from 1988 to 1994 and Star FM from 1994 to 2010, when it went off the air. Back then, it was located in Brgy. Bula, General Santos. Feel FM based in Polomolok used to broadcast on this frequency from October 2022 to late 2024.

General Santos
General Santos, officially the City of General Santos and abbreviated as GenSan, is a highly urbanized city in the region of Soccsksargen, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 722,059 people making it the most populous city in Soccsksargen Region.

It is located on the island of Mindanao, it is the southernmost and 13th-most populous city in the Philippines. It is the regional center for commerce and industry of the Soccsksargen region, and it is also the only coastal as well as the largest city in the province of South Cotabato wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority but administered independently of it.
Jorhat district
Jorhat district (pron: ˈʤɔ:(r)ˌhɑ:t) is an administrative district of the Indian state of Assam situated in the central part of the Brahmaputra Valley. The district is bounded by Majuli on north, Nagaland state on the south, Sivasagar on the east and Golaghat on the west. On the north of the district, the river Brahmaputra forms the largest riverine island of the world. The administrative seat is at Jorhat city.

Jorhat was previously a sub-division of undivided Sibsagar district. In 1983, Jorhat was carved out of Sibsagar District and was made a separate district.

Mising language
Mising is a Tani language spoken by the Mising people. There are 629,954 speakers (as per Census of India, 2011), who inhabit mostly in the Dhemaji district, Lakhimpur, Sonitpur, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Majuli, Golaghat, Tinsukia districts of Assam and also some parts of Arunachal Pradesh. The primary literary body of Mising is known as 'Mising Agom Kébang (Mising Language Society)'.

The Mising, Padam and Minyong speak dialects of the same language.
Cinta 7 Susun
Cinta 7 Susun is an Indonesian soap opera musical comedy drama produced by SinemArt that aired daily on RCTI at 18:00pm (Indonesia West Time). This is an autobiography that tells of the journey formation personnel 7icons because of where they lived in the Flats which will soon be evicted, through their stories in the form of a fictitious (because it is not based on actual events). Cast is 7icons, Mischa Chandrawinata, Baim Wong, Raya Kohandi, Devi Noviaty, Gege Elisa, Shandy Ishabella, Gunawan Sudradjat, Cut Memey, Rico Tampatty, Minati Atmanegara, Mario Maulana as well as other supporting cast as well as some cameo actors who have often appeared on Indonesian movie or television series.

RCTI
RCTI (an abbreviation of Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) is an Indonesian free-to-air television network. It is best known for its soap operas, celebrity news, general news, and sports programmes. The network was launched in 1989, initially operating as a local pay television service that mainly broadcast foreign programmes, before switching to a free-to-air terrestrial network a year later.

RCTI was originally co-owned by PT Rajawali Wira Bhakti Utama (later Rajawali Corpora) and PT Bimantara Citra (later Global Mediacom, now known as PT Media Nusantara Citra (MNC)), from which its name is derived. One of its commissioners at the time, Indra Rukmana, is the husband of Tutut Soeharto, the founder and former owner of its eventual sister network, TPI.

RCTI is now fully owned by MNC, which also operates GTV, MNCTV, and iNews, all of which are private Indonesian television networks.
Village Earth
Village Earth: The Consortium for Sustainable Village-Based Development (CSVBD) DBA: Village Earth is a publicly supported 501(c)(3) non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Fort Collins, Colorado, US. The organization works for the empowerment of rural and indigenous communities around the world with active projects with the Oglala Lakota on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, the Shipibo-Konibo of the Amazon region of Peru, India, Cambodia, and Guatemala. Village Earth is associated with the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) at Colorado State University. Village Earth is also the publisher for The Appropriate Technology Library and The Appropriate Technology Sourcebook , a low-cost rural-development resource initiated by Volunteers in Asia in 1975 but transferred to Village Earth in 1995.

VIA Programs
VIA (formerly Volunteers in Asia and Trans-Pacific Exchange) is a United States-based independent, non-sectarian, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes cross-cultural understanding and education between the United States and countries in Asia. Founded in 1963 and headquartered in the San Francisco Bay Area, VIA facilitates exchange and volunteer programs for participants from both regions.
2001 Kampung Medan riots
The 2001 Kampung Medan riots is a sectarian violence between the Indian and Malay that initially began in a small village of Kampung Medan located in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The riot then further escalated and spread all the way through Kampung Gandhi, Kampung Lindungan, Kampung Datuk Harun, Taman Desa Ria and the surrounding of Jalan Klang Lama. The racial crisis then spread all the way through Petaling Jaya, Jalan Gasing, Kelana Jaya, Sungai Way, Bandar Sunway and Puchong. The riot started from 4 March until 13 March 2001. Photographs held by Malaysiakini shown extensive hurt were inflicted during the clashes. The three weeks of tension resulted in the deaths of 6 people, and left over a hundred people with severe wounds, ranging from head injuries, broken bones, to slashes and hacked off limbs. 400 people were detained.

Sungai Way
Sungai Way is a suburb of Petaling Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It was established in 1949 by the Briggs Plan as a Chinese new village. After independence, Sungai Way become a populated place. Subsequent developments established a new industrial zone (known as Sungai Way industrial zone) prior to the opening of Federal Highway, and also Subang-Sungai Way (Subang Jaya sections) and Bandar Sunway. Sungai Way's official name is Seri Setia. Sungai Way's name comes from the fact that it is located near a river (sungai is the Malay word for "river") with "Way" being an English word.
Violarite
Violarite (Fe2+Ni23+S4) is a supergene sulfide mineral associated with the weathering and oxidation of primary pentlandite nickel sulfide ore minerals.

Violarite crystallises in the isometric system, with a hardness of 4.5 to 5.5 and a specific gravity of about 4, is dark violet grey to copper-red, often with verdigris and patina from associated copper and arsenic sulfides, and is typically in amorphous to massive infill of lower saprolite ultramafic lithologies.

Violarite has a characteristic violet colour, hence the name from the Latin 'violaris' alluding to its colour especially when viewed in polished section under a microscope.

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Ram Prakash Chaudhary (Nepalese politician)
Ram Prakash Chaudhary is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party currently serving as the member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Sarlahi 1 (constituency).

2022 Nepalese general election
General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.

The election was held alongside provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies.

After power sharing talks between the outgoing Democratic Left Alliance broke down on 25 December 2022, CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal became prime minister, its eight-member cabinet consisting of MPs from his party, CPN (UML), Rastriya Swatantra Party and Janamat Party, with the confidence and supply of RPP, JSP, NUP and three independents.
Oread
In Greek mythology, Oreads (/ˈɔːriˌæd, ˈɔːriəd/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρειάς, romanized: Oreiás) or Orestiads (/ɔːˈrɛstiˌæd, -iəd/; Ὀρεστιάδες, Orestiádes) are mountain nymphs. They are described as being companions of Artemis, or as being found alongside gods such as Pan or Dionysus.

A 2nd-century AD epigram relates that, with the help of the daughters of Nilus, they erected a place of worship in honour of the woman Isidora, who died by drowning.

Nilus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Nilus (/ˈnaɪləs/; Ancient Greek: Νεῖλος, romanized: Neilos) is one of 3,000 river gods, who represent the god of the Nile river itself. Nilus is the son of the water gods Oceanus and Tethys.
2009 French Open – Girls' doubles
Polona Hercog and Jessica Moore were the defending champions, but did not compete in the Juniors this year.

Elena Bogdan and Noppawan Lertcheewakarn won in the final 3–6, 6–3, 10–8, against Tímea Babos and Heather Watson.

Polona Hercog
Polona Hercog (Slovene pronunciation: [pɔˈlóːna ˈxèːɾtsɔk], born 20 January 1991) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. Her career-high WTA rankings are world No. 35 in singles and No. 56 in doubles. She has won five titles on the WTA Tour, three in singles and two in doubles. Hercog also has had success on the ITF Women's Circuit, winning 19 singles and five doubles titles.

Partnering with Jessica Moore, she won the French Open and Wimbledon junior titles in the doubles competition in 2008.
Alta Peak
Alta Peak is in Sequoia National Park not far from Giant Forest. Before 1896, the mountain was known as Tharps Peak. By 1903 it was generally known by its current name and Alta Peak appears on the Tehipite quadrangle, USGS 30 minute topographic map of 1905,
and was officially recognized by the Board on Geographic Names in 1928. The Sierra Club Bulletin noted that the name Alta Peak was "euphonious". A meadow on its southern slope had long been known as Alta Meadow.
A rocky outcrop, 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southwest of the summit, is now known as Tharps Rock. Hale Tharp was the first euro-American to explore the Giant Forest area. His summer camp, a hollowed out Sequoia log near Crescent Meadow known as Tharp's Log, is popular with park visitors.

Giant Forest
The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over 6,000 ft (1,800 m) above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of 1,880 acres (7.6 km2). The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over 40 mi (64 km) of hiking trails.

Five of the ten most massive trees on Earth are located within the Giant Forest. The largest of these, the General Sherman Tree, measures 36.5 ft (11.1 m) across the base. The giant sequoia is the world's most massive species of tree and is one of the six species documented to grow to 300 ft (91 m) in height; the others are coast redwood, yellow meranti, Eucalyptus regnans, Douglas fir, and Sitka spruce. It is also among the longest-lived of all trees in the world.
Socioecology
Socioecology is the scientific study of how social structure and organization are influenced by an organism's environment. Socioecology is primarily related to anthropology, geography, sociology, and ecology. Specifically, the term is used in human ecology, the study of the interaction between humans and their environment. Socioecological models of human health examine the interaction of many factors, ranging from narrowest (individual behaviors) to broadest (federal policies). The factors of socioecological models consist of individual behaviors, sociodemographic factors (race, education, socioeconomic status), interpersonal factors (romantic, family, and coworker relationships), community factors (physical and social environment), and societal factors (local, state, and federal policies.

Human ecology
Human ecology is the interdisciplinary study of the relationships between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. Emerging from ecology and the social sciences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it integrates perspectives from biology, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, public health, and related fields.

The discipline examines how human populations adapt to environmental conditions, how cultural and social structures influence ecological interactions, and how technological and economic systems shape sustainability.

Human ecology has informed urban planning, epidemiology, resource management, and environmental policy, while also drawing on traditional and indigenous knowledge of human–environment relations. Today, it serves as a framework for understanding global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and social resilience.
Loricariichthys rostratus
Loricariichthys rostratus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish occurs in the Paraná River basin in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, with its type locality being designated as the Itaipu Dam's reservoir. This species reaches a maximum standard length of 27.5 cm (10.8 in) and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
1948 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1948 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1948. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Luther Youngdahl defeated Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party challenger Charles Halsted.

Luther Youngdahl
Luther Wallace Youngdahl (May 29, 1896 – June 21, 1978) was an American judge and politician who served as the 27th governor of Minnesota and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Eastfield, Edinburgh
Eastfield is a primarily residential district on the north eastern outskirts of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It lies between Joppa and the Edinburgh City boundary with Musselburgh. The district is bounded on the north by the Firth of Forth, on the west by Joppa and the main East Coast rail line, and on the south by farmland and the grounds of Newhailes House, a National Trust for Scotland property. The western boundary leads into Musselburgh along the coast, passing the small harbour at Fisherrow. In addition to housing, Eastfield includes Portobello Cemetery and a private five-hole golf course behind the houses on the south side of Milton Road.

National Trust for Scotland
The National Trust for Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is a Scottish conservation organisation. It is the largest membership organisation in Scotland and describes itself as "the charity that cares for, shares and speaks up for Scotland's magnificent heritage".

The trust owns and manages around 130 properties and 76,000 hectares (190,000 acres; 760 km2) of land, including castles, ancient small dwellings, historic sites, gardens, coastline, mountains and countryside. It is similar in function to the National Trust, which covers England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and to other national trusts worldwide.
Nietzsche and Asian Thought
Nietzsche and Asian Thought is an anthology of essays by a variety of contributors on the relationship of the thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche to Asian philosophy; specifically, Indian, Chinese and Japanese philosophy. The book was edited by the philosopher Graham Parkes and was released in 1991 by the University of Chicago Press. The work was written for a Western audience of Nietzsche scholars and comparative philosophers, but features contributions from non-Western thinkers.

The work is split into four sections—Others, India, China and Japan—and each section contains between three and four essays, for a total of 14 articles by 13 different authors. The work was well received by academic reviewers upon its release, and praised as a "must-read" for both Nietzsche scholars and comparative philosophers. In 2004, a special edition of The Journal of Nietzsche Studies was published, aiming to build upon the scholarship in Nietzsche and Asian Thought.

Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies
The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, founded in 1917 (one year after the foundation of the School) as Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, is an interdisciplinary journal of Asian and African studies, published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the SOAS University of London. The first editor was also the first director of the School, Edward Denison Ross. The name changed in 1940 as a consequence of the change in the School's name (changed 1938) to incorporate African Studies. Later editors have included Christopher Shackle, T.H. Barrett, and G.R. Hawting, and its current editors are Ayman Shihadeh and Mulaika Hijjas.