hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yitzhak Goldknopf
Yitzhak Issachar Goldknopf (Hebrew: יצחק יששכר גולדקנופף; born 30 October 1950) is an Israeli politician who serves as the leader of Agudat Yisrael and as the leader of the United Torah Judaism party, following the resignation of Yaakov Litzman. He also serves as a member of the Knesset for Agudat Yisrael, and previously served as the Minister of Housing and Construction between 2022 and 2025. He previously served as a member of the Jerusalem City Council.

United Torah Judaism
United Torah Judaism (Hebrew: יהדות התורה, Yahadut HaTorah) is a Haredi, religious conservative political alliance in Israel. The alliance, consisting of Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah, was first formed in 1992, in order to maximize Ashkenazi Haredi representation in the Knesset. Despite the alliance splitting in 2004 over rabbinical differences, the parties reconciled in 2006, in order to prevent vote splitting. In April 2019, the party achieved its highest number of seats ever, receiving eight seats.

Unlike similar religiously-oriented parties in Israel, like Shas, the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism, Otzma Yehudit, and Noam, UTJ is non-Zionist. Unlike some other Haredim, the party is notable for its usage of technology and electronic communication.
Aiśvarya
Aishvarya (Sanskrit: ऐश्वर्य) means lordship or sovereignty, prosperity or royal or exalted rank. Prosperity, power and recognition by society are the three aspects of a man’s life that constitute aishvarya which term also refers to the aishvarya or greatness of God and of Brahman.

Phaladeepika
Phaladeepika is a treatise on Hindu astrology written by Mantreswara. The text is written in lyrical Sanskrit verse comprises  865 slokas and 28 chapters. It is one of the more significant works on Hindu astrology, along with Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra of Parashara, Brihat Jataka of Varahamihira, and Jataka Parijata of Vaidyanatha Dikshita. It deals in a most comprehensive and authoritative manner with almost all astrological aspects of human life. Mantreswara has equated a retrograde planet with an exalted planet in strength and effects even though it be in an inimical or its debilitation sign differing with Saravali which states that benefics are powerful when retrograde and cause Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) but malefic when retrograde do not confer favourable results.
2014 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles
Stan Wawrinka defeated Roger Federer in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2014 Monte-Carlo Masters. It was his first Masters 1000 title. It was Federer's fourth runner-up finish at the Monte-Carlo Masters (following defeats to Rafael Nadal in 2006, 2007, and 2008), his career-best finish at the event.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost to Federer in the semifinals.

2008 Masters Series Monte-Carlo – Singles
Three-time defending champion Rafael Nadal defeated Roger Federer in a rematch of the previous two years' finals, 7–5, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2008 Monte-Carlo Masters. For the second consecutive year, Nadal did not lose a set during the tournament.  Nadal extended his streak to 22 consecutive match wins at the Monte Carlo Masters.
Fort Cornwallis
Fort Cornwallis is a bastion fort in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, built by the British East India Company in the late 18th century. Named after the then Lieutenant-General The 2nd Earl Cornwallis (1738–1805), the Governor-General of Bengal at the time of the fort's construction, it is the largest standing fort in Malaysia. The fort was built intended to respond to possible enemy threats during the Napoleonic Wars, a threat that in the end never materialised. The tourism fee to enter the fort costs RM10 for Malaysians and RM20 for foreigners.

Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. The entire island falls under the city of George Town, which also administers the surrounding islets.
Caul (headgear)
A caul is a historical headress worn by women that covers tied-up hair. A fancy caul could be made of satin, velvet, fine silk or brocade, although a simple caul would commonly be made of white linen or cotton. The caul could be covered by a crespine or a hairnet to secure it from falling off.

During the second half of the thirteenth century, network caps, more properly called "cauls", came into fashion for ladies' wear. These headdresses were shaped like bags, made of gold, silver or silk network. At first they fitted  fairly close to the head, the edge, band or rim being placed high up on the forehead, to show some hair on the temples and around the nape; they enclosed the head and hair, and were secured by a circlet or fillet. Jewels were often set at intervals in the band, also at the intersections of the cross-bars.

Velvet
Velvet is a type of woven fabric with a dense, even pile that gives it a distinctive soft feel. Historically, velvet was typically made from silk. Modern velvet can be made from silk, linen, cotton, wool, synthetic fibers, silk-cotton blends, or synthetic-natural fiber blends.
Momilactone B
Momilactone B is an allelopathic agent produced from the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (100 mg from 200 kg dry rice husk).  It has been shown to be produced in high concentrations by the roots of rice seedlings. The production of momilactone B has also been induced in response to infection by blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) or irradiated with UV light. More recently it has been shown to be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against human colon cancer.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Plutonocene
Plutonocene, Pu(C8H8)2, is an organoplutonium compound composed of a plutonium atom sandwiched between two cyclooctatetraenide (COT2-) rings. It is a dark red, very air-sensitive solid that is sparingly soluble in toluene and chlorocarbons. Plutonocene is a member of the actinocene family of metallocenes incorporating actinide elements in the +4 oxidation state.

Compared to other actinocenes such as uranocene, plutonocene has been studied to a lesser degree since the 1980s due to the notable radiation hazard posed by the compound. Instead, it has mostly been the subject of theoretical studies relating to the bonding in the molecule.

Cyclooctatetraenide anion
In chemistry, the cyclooctatetraenide anion or cyclooctatetraenide, more precisely cyclooctatetraenediide, is an aromatic species with a formula of [C8H8]2− and abbreviated as COT2−. It is the dianion of cyclooctatetraene. Salts of the cyclooctatetraenide anion can be stable, e.g., dipotassium cyclooctatetraenide or disodium cyclooctatetraenide. More complex coordination compounds are known as cyclooctatetraenide complexes, such as the actinocenes.

The structure is a planar symmetric octagon stabilized by resonance, meaning each atom bears a charge of −⁠1/4⁠. The length of the bond between carbon atoms is 1.432 Å. There are 10 π electrons. The structure can serve as a ligand with various metals.
Le Grand Canal (Monet series)
Monet painted 37 works of Venice which he began during his stay in the city in 1908. These include a series of canvases of the Grand Canal. He had the habit of studying the same subject in a varying light, at different times of the day, which resulted during his career in many distinct series, like for example the Water Lilies series, Poplar series, Rouen Cathedral series, Haystacks series and Charing Cross Bridge series.

During his stay in Venice, Monet's accommodation was on the Grand Canal, firstly in the Palazzo Barbaro and secondly in a hotel nearby. He painted six views of this stretch of the waterway, near the church of Santa Maria della Salute. He also painted individual buildings on the Grand Canal such as the Palazzo Dario.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
Engh
Engh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Inga Bejer Engh (born 1970), Norwegian jurist and prosecutor

John Engh (1915–1996), Norwegian architect, most known for his innovative work in stone and concrete

M. J. Engh (born 1933), science fiction author and independent Roman scholar

Michael Engh (born 1949), American Jesuit, academic and historian

Odd Arne Engh (born 1951), Norwegian Nordic combined skier

M. J. Engh
Mary Jane Engh (born Mary Jane Gholson; January 26, 1933 – July 11, 2024), known as M. J. Engh, was an American science fiction author, librarian and independent Roman scholar.

Engh was born in McLeansboro, Illinois. Her first science fiction stories were published under the pseudonym "Jane Beauclerk". She is best known for her 1976 novel Arslan, about an invasion of the United States.

In 2009, Engh was named Author Emerita by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.

Engh died in Garfield, Washington on July 11, 2024, at the age of 91.
Freeborn Man of the Traveling People
"Freeborn Man of the Travelling People," also called "Travelling People" or "The Travelling People," is a folk ballad, written by Ewan MacColl for The Travelling People, which was first broadcast in 1964, one of eight BBC "Radio Ballads."

Ewan MacColl
James Henry Miller (25 January 1915 – 22 October 1989), better known by his stage name Ewan MacColl, was a British folk singer-songwriter, folk song collector, labour activist and actor. Born in England to Scottish parents, he was one of the originators of the 1960s folk revival and wrote such songs as "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" and "Dirty Old Town".

MacColl collected hundreds of traditional folk songs including the version of "Scarborough Fair" later popularised by Simon & Garfunkel, and released dozens of albums with A.L. Lloyd, Peggy Seeger and others, mostly of traditional folk songs. He also wrote many left-wing political songs, remaining a steadfast communist throughout his life and actively engaging in political activism.
UEFA league
The following are league-based football competitions run by UEFA:

UEFA European Championship, a continental international team's championship played every four years

UEFA Women's Championship, the women's equivalent of the UEFA European Championship

UEFA Champions League, the premier men's club competition (formerly European Cup)

UEFA Europa League, the secondary men's club competition (formerly UEFA Cup)

UEFA Europa Conference League, the tertiary men's club competition

UEFA Futsal Champions League, formerly the UEFA Futsal Cup

UEFA Nations League, an international teams' biennial competition

UEFA Women's Champions League, the main women's club competition (formerly UEFA Women's Cup)

UEFA Youth League, a European club competition

UEFA Youth League
The UEFA Youth League is an annual club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) since 2013. In its current format, it is contested by the under-19 teams of the clubs competing in the UEFA Champions League league phase, plus the domestic youth champions of the best-ranked national associations.

The semi-finals and final matches have been traditionally played at the Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, although for the 2022–23 edition, they were moved to the Stade de Genève due to increased interest in the tournament from the supporters of the participating clubs. The winners are awarded the Lennart Johansson Trophy, named in honour of the former UEFA president.

The most successful team is Barcelona with three titles. They are also the current champions after beating Trabzonspor 4–1 in the 2025 final.
Zaâma d'Banlieue
Zaâma d'Banlieue was a female-led collective for immigrant youth in the suburbs of Lyon, France which existed between 1979 and 1984. The four founding leaders were Djida Tazdaït (born in 1957), Tim (born in 1959), Nadia (born in 1960) et Farida (born in 1954), and were all either of Algerian origin or nationality and lived in Lyon's suburbs. Zaâma d'Banlieue became officially registered under the acronym the "Youth Expression Association" (Association expression jeunes immigrés) on 19 October 1982.

Zaâma d'Banlieue denounced police abuse and violence and was engaged in feminism within the family and social circles. Zaâma d'Banlieue aimed to spark self-organization among youth within Lyon's suburbs.

The collective was dissolved during the 'National Conferences of Youth Associations of Immigrant Origins' (Assises nationales des associations de jeunes issus de l'immigration) between 9 and 11 June 1984 in Villeurbanne and Vaulx-en-Velin.

Villeurbanne
Villeurbanne (French pronunciation: [vilœʁban] ⓘ; Arpitan: Velorbana) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

It is situated northeast of Lyon, with which it forms the heart of the second-largest metropolitan area in France after that of Paris. Villeurbanne is the second-largest commune in the metropolitan area of Lyon and the 20th most populated in France, and the most populous commune that is neither a prefecture nor a sub-prefecture. In 2013, Villeurbanne was elected the city with the best administration of France, which attracts more and more people.
Deir Jmal
Deir Jmal (Arabic: دير جمال) is a town in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located north of Aleppo, it is administratively part of Nahiya Tell Rifaat in A'zaz District. Nearby localities include Tell Rifaat and Mare' to the east, A'zaz to the north, Mayer and al-Zahraa to the south. In the 2004 census, Deir Jamal had a population of 4,287.

Al-Zahraa
Al-Zahraa (Arabic: الزهراء, romanized: az-Zahrāʾ) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the A'zaz District of Aleppo Governorate, located northwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Tell Rifaat and Mayer to the northeast and Anadan to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Zahraa had a population of 13,780 in the 2004 census. Al-Zahraa has a predominantly Shia Muslim population and, along with nearby Nubl, forms a small Shia-inhabited pocket in a mostly Sunni Muslim area in the Aleppo Governorate.
Dominik Jędrzejewski
Dominik Jędrzejewski (4 August 1886 – 29 August 1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest killed at the Dachau concentration camp during World War II. He was beatified in Warsaw on 13 June 1999.

Jędrzejewski was born in Kowal, Poland, and was the youngest of six children. He entered the seminary in Włocławek, was ordained a priest on 18 June 1911, and then served in parishes in Zadzim, Poczesna, and Kalisz. He also served as a prison chaplain, as a high school prefect, and also was devoted to youth work.

After the outbreak of World War II, Jędrzejewski was arrested on 26 August 1940 and was taken to a transit camp in Szczeglin and then to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. On 14 December 1940 he was sent to Dachau, where he refused to renounce the priesthood to regain freedom and died from debilitating work on 29 August 1942.

Jędrzejewski was beatified by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw 13 June 1999 as part of a group of 108 Martyrs of World War II.

Włocławek
Włocławek (Polish: [vwɔˈt͡swavɛk] ⓘ; German: Leslau or Alt Lesle, Yiddish: וולאָצלאַוועק, romanized: Vlatzlavek, Russian: Влоцлавек Vlotslavek) is a city in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland along the Vistula River, bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park. As of December 2021, the population of the city is 106,928.

Founded in the 9th century, Włocławek is located in the historical region of Kuyavia, and was its administrative center and main city in the Middle Ages. Nowadays, Włocławek is the third largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (after Bydgoszcz and Toruń) and the main cultural and economic center of eastern Kuyavia. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek, one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, since the 12th century, with the landmark Gothic Włocławek Cathedral listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. Poland's largest hydroelectric power plant is also located there.
Indicator organism
Indicator organisms are used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product. Certain bacteria, fungi and helminth eggs are being used for various purposes.

Proxy (statistics)
In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. This correlation might be either positive or negative.

Proxy variable must relate to an unobserved variable, must correlate with disturbance, and must not correlate with regressors once the disturbance is controlled for.
Chessa
Chessa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aurelio Chessa (1913–1996), Italian anarchist, journalist and historian

Carlo Chessa (1855–1912), Italian painter, printmaker and illustrator

Dennis Chessa (born 1992), German footballer

Gigi Chessa (1898–1935), Italian painter, architect, scenic designer and potter

Luciano Chessa (born 1971), Italian composer, performer and musicologist

Massimo Chessa (born 1995), Italian basketball player

Pasquale Chessa (born 1947), Italian historian and journalist

Carlo Chessa
Carlo Chessa (1855 – August 24, 1912)  was an Italian painter, printmaker, and illustrator. He is the father of Gigi Chessa.

He was born in Cagliari, Sardinia. He mainly painted Alpine landscapes, and exhibited in Turin at the Promotrice of 1884,1888–1897, and in 1911. He also exhibited with the biennial exhibitions of the Circle of Artists around those years. He was known for his etchings of portraits and vedute. His engravings were featured in the following books:

Leggende del mare (1894) by Maria Savi-Lopez, E. Loescher, with 60 illustrations by Carlo Chessa.

Leggende delle Alpi (1889) by Maria Savi-Lopez with 60 illustrations by Carlo Chessa (see full version, Alpensagen (1893) in German).

Chronique du temps qui fut la Jacquerie by Leon Hennique, Carlo Chessa, ... Cossard, Luc Olivier Merson Librairie de la Collection des Dix, Romagnol, 1903.
Association for the Recovery of the Fallen in Eastern Europe
Association for the Recovery of the Fallen in Eastern Europe (VBGO, German for: Verein zur Bergung Gefallener in Osteuropa e.V.) is a German non-profit organization, dedicated to the uncovering of the remains of fallen soldiers. The organization was founded in 1992 and aims to "permit a worthy burial of the dead of war and to return them their names".

Casualty (person)
A casualty (/ˈkæʒuəlti/ ⓘ KAZH-oo-əl-tee, UK also /ˈkæʒjuəlti/ KAZH-yoo-əl-tee), as a term in military usage, is a person in military service, combatant or non-combatant, who becomes unavailable for duty due to any of several circumstances, including death, injury, illness, missing, capture or desertion.
Entes Autónomos y Servicios Descentralizados
The Autonomous State Entities and Decentralized Services (Spanish: Entes Autónomos y Servicios Descentralizados) are two types of government-owned corporations typical of the Uruguayan state.

According to Section XI of the Constitution of Uruguay, their legal personality is subject to public law.

Constitution of Uruguay
The Constitution of Uruguay (Constitución de la República Oriental del Uruguay) is the supreme law of Uruguay. Its first version was written in 1830 and its last amendment was made in 2004.

Uruguay's first constitution was adopted in 1830, following the conclusion of the three-year-long Cisplatine War in which Argentina and Uruguay acted as a federation: the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Mediated by the United Kingdom, the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo allowed to build the foundations for a Uruguayan state and constitution. It has been reformed in 1918, 1934, 1942, 1952 and 1967, but it still maintains several articles from its first version of 1830.
Public utilities commission
A public utilities commission is a quasi-governmental body that provides oversight and/or regulation of public utilities in a particular area (locality, municipality, or subnational division), especially in the United States and Canada.

The utilities in question may be owned by the consumers that it serves, a mutual utility like a public utility district, a state-owned utility, or it may be a stockholder-owned utility either publicly traded on a stock exchange or closely held among just a few investors. These utilities often operate as legal monopolies, which means that they do not compete in a marketplace but are instead regulated by commissions to ensure fair pricing.

Legal monopoly
A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or de jure monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition. A statutory monopoly may take the form of a government monopoly where the state owns the particular means of production or government-granted monopoly where a private interest is protected from competition such as being granted exclusive rights to offer a particular service in a specific region (e.g. patented inventions) while agreeing to have their policies and prices regulated. This type of monopoly is usually contrasted with de facto monopoly which is a broad category for monopolies that are not created by government.
Boana stellae
Boana stellae is a frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to Brazil. Scientists know it from the type locality: between 200 and 600 meters above sea level on the Araucaria plateau in Rio Grande do Sul.

The adult male frog measures 40.7 to 49.9 mm long in snout-vent length.  The frog is brown in color on the dorsum with dark mottling.  It has a wide stripe bordered in from snout to groin down each side of its body, and yellow spots on its flanks.  The iris of the eye is gold or copper in color, lighter on the top half than on the bottom half.

This frog is a strict forest dweller, found near permanent bodies of water, such as streams and pools with rocky bottoms.  Scientists recorded one clutch containing 200 eggs in the group but had some difficulty collecting living tadpoles.  The tadpoles swim in fast water.

Clutch (eggs)
A clutch of eggs is the group of eggs produced by birds, amphibians, or reptiles, often at a single time, particularly those laid in a nest.

In birds, destruction of a clutch by predators (or removal by humans, for example the California condor breeding program) results in double-clutching. The technique is used to double the production of a species' eggs, in the California condor case, specifically to increase population size.