hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Money for Nothing (novel)
Money for Nothing is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 27 July 1928 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 28 September 1928 by Doubleday, Doran, New York. Immediately prior to publication it appeared as a serial, in London Calling magazine (UK) from 3 March to 28 July 1928 and in Liberty magazine (US) between 16 June and 22 September 1928.

Liberty (general interest magazine)
Liberty was an American weekly general-interest magazine, originally priced at five cents and subtitled, "A Weekly for Everybody." It was launched in 1924 by McCormick-Patterson, the publisher until 1931, when it was taken over by Bernarr Macfadden until 1941. At one time it was said to be "the second greatest magazine in America," ranking behind The Saturday Evening Post in circulation. It featured contributions from some of the biggest politicians, celebrities, authors, and artists of the 20th century. The contents of the magazine provided a unique look into popular culture, politics, and world events through the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, and postwar America. It ceased publication in 1950 and was revived briefly in 1971.
José Joaquín Fabregat
José Joaquín Fabregat (1748 in Torreblanca – 1807 in Mexico) was an engraver and cartoonist of the New Spain who was born in Torreblanca, in the province of Castelló, and  began his studies in the Academy of San Carlos.

Biblioteca Nacional de España
The Biblioteca Nacional de España (National Library of Spain) is the national library of Spain. It is the largest  public library in the country, and one of the largest in the world. Founded in 1711, it is an autonomous agency attached to the Ministry of Culture since 1990. Its headquarters is located on the Paseo de Recoletos in Madrid, sharing the building with the National Archaeological Museum.
Uthami Petra Rathinam
Uthami Petra Rathinam (transl. A Precious Gem) is a 1960 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by M. A. Thirumugam and written by Aaroor Dass. The film stars K. Balaji, Malini and P. Kannamba, with T. K. Ramachandran, M. N. Rajam, Pandari Bai, S. V. Sahasranamam, Kuladeivam Rajagopal and Manorama in supporting roles. It was released on 1 April 1960, and failed at the box office.

P. Kannamba
Pasupuleti Kannamba (Pasupulēţi Kannāṃba) (5 October 1911 – 7 May 1964) was an Indian actress, playback singer and film producer of Telugu cinema, of Andhra Pradesh, India. She acted in more than 170 films and produced about 25 films in Telugu and Tamil languages from the 1930s to the 1960s.
Curtia gens
The gens Curtia was an ancient but minor noble family at Rome, with both patrician and plebeian branches. The only member of the gens invested with the consulship under the Republic was Gaius Curtius Philo, in 445 BC. A few Curtii held lesser magistracies during the Republic, and there were two consuls suffectus in imperial times.  However, the gens is best remembered from a series of legends dating from the traditional founding of the city to the early Republic.

Romulus
Romulus (/ˈrɒmjʊləs/, Classical Latin: [ˈroːmʊɫʊs]) was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of these traditions incorporate elements of folklore, and it is not clear to what extent a historical figure underlies the mythical Romulus, the events and institutions ascribed to him were central to the myths surrounding Rome's origins and cultural traditions.
2019 Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
The 2019 Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships was held in Tokyo, Japan from November 28 to December 1, 2019. The competition took place at the Ariake Gymnastics Centre, the same venue that would also host the gymnastics competitions at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, and served as a test event and a qualifier for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

37 federations had registered for the event.

Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article describes the qualifying phase for gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics (postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic).

The qualification system underwent a significant revision following the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. The team events in artistic gymnastics will be reduced from five members to four, but a maximum of two further places will be available for competitors in individual events, in principle allowing one or two athletes per National Olympic Committee (NOC) to enter as specialists.

In a further move to link International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) competitions to the Olympics, it will now be possible to qualify for the Olympics on the basis of an aggregate of scores achieved over the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series and the various continental artistic gymnastics championships.
Russian conquest of the Astrakhan Khanate
The Russian Invasion of the Astrakhan Khanate, which took place in 1554 and 1556, marked an important expansionist advance by the Tsardom of Russia over the Tatar peoples of the Volga region. Motivated by the interest in controlling the trade routes that linked Europe to the East and consolidating Russian influence in the Caucasus, the Russian campaign had two decisive moments. The first attack in 1554 resulted in the victory over Khan Yamghurchi, who opposed the tsarism, allowing the imposition of a puppet ruler, Dervish Ali. However, local dissatisfaction culminated in a new rebellion, forcing Moscow to carry out a second campaign in 1556, which resulted in the definitive destruction of the khanate. The fall of Astrakhan not only consolidated Russian control over the strategic Volga corridor, but also paved the way for subsequent expansion towards Siberia and the Caucasus.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
St. Germain (community), Wisconsin
St. Germain is an unincorporated community located in the town of St. Germain, Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. St. Germain is located at the junction of state highways 70 and 155, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) west of Eagle River. St. Germain has a post office with ZIP code 54558.

Wisconsin Highway 70
State Trunk Highway 70 (often called Highway 70, STH-70 or WIS 70) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in northern Wisconsin from a shared terminus with WIS 101 at US Highway 2 (US 2) and US 141 near Florence  to a connection with Minnesota State Highway 70 (MN 70) at the St. Croix River five miles (8.0 km) west of Grantsburg in Burnett County. It serves the communities of Grantsburg, Siren, Spooner, and the resort areas of Minocqua, Woodruff and Eagle River along its route. WIS 70 is the third-most northern route to almost completely cross Wisconsin (after US 2 and WIS 77), stretching from Minnesota to within four miles (6.4 km) of the Michigan border.
Stuart Cull-Candy
Stuart Graham Cull-Candy (born 1946) is a British neuroscientist. He holds the Gaddum Chair of Pharmacology and a personal chair in neuroscience at University College London. He is also a member of the Faculty of 1000 and held a Royal Society – Wolfson Research position.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Maqbool Dada
Maqbool Dada is a professor at Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, with expertise in the areas of operations management, healthcare, and marketing. He is also a core faculty member at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine’s Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality.

At the Johns Hopkins Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Dada is Co-Director of the Medical Operations Research Core, which is dedicated to "innovation in development of care delivery models that improve patient access, patient flow, safety and clinical operational efficiency using tools of operations research and industrial engineering."

Intensive care medicine
Intensive care medicine, usually called critical care medicine, is a medical specialty that deals with seriously or critically ill patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from conditions that may be life-threatening. It includes providing life support, invasive monitoring techniques, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. Doctors in this specialty are often called intensive care physicians, critical care physicians, or intensivists.

Intensive care relies on multidisciplinary teams composed of many different health professionals. Such teams often include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, and pharmacists, among others. They usually work together in intensive care units (ICUs) within a hospital.
Pushpa Bahadur Shah
Pushpa Bahadur Shah is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Achham 2 (constituency).

Achham 2 (constituency)
Achham 2 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Achham District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Walddrehna station
Walddrehna (German: Bahnhof Walddrehna) is a railway station opened in 1875 in the village of Walddrehna, Brandenburg, Germany. The station lies of the Berlin–Dresden railway and the train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn.

The station is served by the following service:

RE 8 Berlin – Berlin Südkreuz – Wünsdorf-Waldstadt – Walddrehna – Elsterwerda

Berlin–Dresden railway
The Berlin–Dresden railway is a double track, electrified main line railway in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It runs from Berlin through the southern Teltow countryside and then between Lower Lusatia and Fläming Heath through Elsterwerda and the Großenhainer Pflege countryside to Dresden.

Upgrades completed in December 2017 enabled maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The traditional route through the southern suburbs of Berlin was reopened for long-distance trains in December 2025. Work is under way to allow speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) on parts of the line.
2017 Rogers Cup – Men's singles
Alexander Zverev defeated Roger Federer in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2017 Canadian Open. Zverev saved three match points en route to the title, in his second-round match against Richard Gasquet.

Novak Djokovic was the reigning champion, but did not participate due to an elbow injury.

As a result of Andy Murray's withdrawal due to a hip injury, Rafael Nadal had a chance to regain the ATP no. 1 singles ranking for the first time since 2014 by reaching the semifinals; however, he lost in the third round to Denis Shapovalov.

Tim Smyczek
Timothy Allen Salazar Smyczek (/ˈsmiːtʃɛk/ SMEE-chek; Polish pronunciation: [ˈsmɨtʂɛk]; born December 30, 1987) is an American former professional tennis player. He made three quarterfinals on the main tour as well as the semi-finals of Newport in 2018. Additionally he won seven Challenger titles. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 68 in April 2015. Smyczek recorded wins over several notable players in his career including Kei Nishikori, John Isner, Ivo Karlović, Sam Querrey, Robby Ginepri, Gilles Müller, and Benjamin Becker.
Clementi MRT station
Clementi MRT station is an elevated Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East–West Line (EWL) in Clementi, Singapore. The station is located along Commonwealth Avenue West and serves landmarks such as the Clementi Mall, Clementi Bus Interchange, and Clementi Fire Station.

Built as part of Phase IA of the MRT system, the station opened on 12 March 1988. An oil spill on the tracks led to two trains colliding at the station on 5 August 1993. The station saw further upgrades, such as new half-height platform doors and fans above the platforms to improve ventilation, as well as new linkways which opened in 2018. In September 2022, it was announced that the station would become an interchange station with the Cross Island Line (CRL) as part of Phase 2 of the line.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
Leigh Baronets of South Carolina (1773)
The Leigh Baronetcy, of South Carolina, British North America, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 15 May 1773 for Sir Egerton Leigh, Attorney-General of the British colony of South Carolina, grandson of the Revd Peter Leigh, of West Hall, High Legh, Cheshire by his wife Elizabeth Egerton, only daughter and eventual heiress of the Hon. Thomas Egerton, of Tatton Park, third son of John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgwater.

Egerton family
The Egerton family (pronunciation: "edge-er-ton") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence. The Egerton family motto is Virtuti non armis fido ("I put my faith in valour not arms").
Deiradiotae
Deiradiotae or Deiradiotai (Ancient Greek: Δειραδιῶται) was a deme of ancient Attica, originally of the phyle of Leontis, but between 307/6 BCE to 201/0 BCE of the phyle of Antigonis, sending two delegates to the Boule.

Its site is tentatively located near modern el:Daskalio.

Antigonis and Demetrias
Antigonis and Demetrias (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγονίς, Δημητριάς) were two tribes (phylai) added by the ancient Athenians, in this order, to the previous list of 10 Athenian tribes in the year 307–306 B.C., sometime after the fifth prytany. The names of the tribes were chosen to honor Macedonian king Demetrios Poliorketes and his father, Antigonos I Monophthalmos, by adding them to the list of Eponymous Heroes of Athens, effectively making them into gods. This change followed Demetrios expelling Kassandros from Athens and the end of the semi-oligarchic rule of Demetrios of Phaleron in 307 B.C. In 200 B.C., when Athens was involved in the Second Macedonian War against Macedon, the Antigonis and Demetrias phylai were disbanded, and public inscriptions about them erased.

While Athenians added the new phylai to the top of their list, modern researchers use Roman numerals XI and XII to designate Antigonis and Demetrias respectively.
Resistance paper
Resistance paper, also known as conductive paper and by the trade name Teledeltos paper is paper impregnated or coated with a conductive substance such that the paper exhibits a uniform and known surface resistivity.  Resistance paper and conductive ink were commonly used as an analog two-dimensional electromagnetic field solver.  Teledeltos paper is a particular type of resistance paper.

Electromagnetic field solver
Electromagnetic field solvers (or sometimes just field solvers) are specialized programs that solve (a subset of) Maxwell's equations directly. They form a part of the field of electronic design automation, or EDA, and are commonly used in the design of integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. They are used when a solution from first principles or the highest accuracy is required.
Linguistic categories
Linguistic categories include

Lexical category, a part of speech such as noun, preposition, etc.

Syntactic category, a similar concept which can also include phrasal categories

Grammatical category, a grammatical feature such as tense, gender, etc.

The definition of linguistic categories is a major concern of linguistic theory, and thus, the definition and naming of categories varies across different theoretical frameworks and grammatical traditions for different languages. The operationalization of linguistic categories in lexicography, computational linguistics, natural language processing, corpus linguistics, and terminology management typically requires resource-, problem- or application-specific definitions of linguistic categories. In Cognitive linguistics it has been argued that linguistic categories have a prototype structure like that of the categories of common words in a language.

Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics. Models and theoretical accounts of cognitive linguistics are considered as psychologically real, and research in cognitive linguistics aims to help understand cognition in general and is seen as a road into the human mind.

There has been scientific and terminological controversy around the label "cognitive linguistics"; there is no consensus on what specifically is meant with the term.
Bobby Joe Champion
Bobby Joe Champion (born December 17, 1963) is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represents the 59th district, which includes portions of downtown and north Minneapolis in Hennepin County. He is the incumbent president of the Minnesota Senate.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
2010 FAI Cup
The 2010 FAI Senior Challenge Cup, also known as the 2010 FAI Ford Cup, is the 90th season of the national football competition of the Republic of Ireland.

The competition was won by Sligo Rovers who defeated Shamrock Rovers in the final on 14 November 2010 at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin.

A total of 47 teams competed in the 2010 competition which commenced on the weekend ending Sunday 21 March 2010. The 22 teams entered from the League of Ireland Premier and First divisions received byes into the third round stage while the remaining 25 teams entered at the First and Second round stages with 15 of these 25 teams receiving byes into the second round. These 25 teams composed of 5 League of Ireland A Championship clubs, 16 Intermediate clubs and 4 Junior clubs. As winners of the competition, Sligo Rovers earned spots in both the third qualifying round of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League and the 2011 Setanta Sports Cup.

A Championship
The A Championship, also known as the Newstalk A Championship for sponsorship reasons, was an association football league featuring League of Ireland reserve teams and emerging senior teams. It was a third level league in the Republic of Ireland football league system. It was formed in 2008 and disbanded following the 2011 season. Between 2009 and 2011 the league was sponsored by Newstalk. It was effectively absorbed into the League of Ireland U19 Division.
Thames–Clyde Express
The Thames–Clyde Express was a named express passenger train operating on the Midland Main Line, Settle-Carlisle Railway and the Glasgow South Western Line between London St Pancras and Glasgow St Enoch. Following the closure of St Enoch station in 1966, the service ran to Glasgow Central instead.

In September 1927, the London Midland & Scottish Railway gave the name to its morning services departing from London St Pancras and Glasgow St Enoch. After the service was speeded up in 1932, trains departed Glasgow at 09:30 and London at 10:00.  There was a similar service running between London St Pancras and Edinburgh Waverley which was known as the Thames–Forth Express, renamed The Waverley by British Railways in 1957.

Edinburgh Waverley railway station
Edinburgh Waverley (also known simply as Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: Waverley Dhùn Èideann) is the principal railway station serving Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the second busiest station in Scotland, after Glasgow Central. The station serves as the northern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, 393 miles 13 chains (393.16 miles; 632.7 kilometres) from London King's Cross, although some trains operated by London North Eastern Railway continue to other Scottish destinations beyond Edinburgh.