hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
192nd Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 192nd Infantry Brigade is an inactive infantry brigade of the United States Army. It was first formed as part of the United States Army Reserve's 96th Division. As part of the triangularization of the US Army before World War II, the Brigade was inactivated and the assets & personnel formed the 96th Reconnaissance Troop.

47th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 47th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army.  Constituted in 1917 at Camp Syracuse, New York, the regiment fought in World War I, and was later inactivated in 1921. Remaining nominally inactive throughout the interwar period but manned with Organized Reserve personnel, the 47th Infantry was reactivated in 1940 and subsequently fought during World War II in North Africa, Sicily, and Western Europe, then was inactivated in 1946. During the Cold War, the regiment saw multiple activations and inactivations, with service both in the Regular Army and the Army Reserve; it fought in South Vietnam. Ultimately it was reactivated as a training regiment, and as of 1999, it has been assigned to Fort Benning and consists of two active battalions.
Sharon Kam
Sharon Kam (Hebrew: שרון קם; born August 11, 1971) is an Israeli–German clarinetist who performs internationally as a soloist. She won the ARD International Music Competition in 1992. Since October 2022, she has also been Professor for Clarinet at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover.

Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover
Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media (German: Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover; abbreviated to HMTMH) is a university of performing arts and media in Hanover, the capital of Lower Saxony, Germany. Dating to 1897, it has reorganised and changed names as it developed over the years, most recently in 2010 when it changed from State College of Music and Drama Hanover (Staatliche Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover, or simply Musikhochschule Hannover). From 2010 until March 2024, its president was Susanne Rode-Breymann. As of 2024, the university has 1,427 students, and as of 2024 a total of 469 staff.
Onllwyn Brace
David Onllwyn Brace (16 November 1932 – 4 July 2013) was a Welsh international scrum-half who played club rugby for Newport and Aberavon. He won nine caps for Wales and would captain the team twice in the early 1960s. Brace was an exciting, unorthodox scrum-half, who epitomised the Welsh flair scrum-half, though his uneven international appearances point towards unhappiness in his match play from the Welsh selectors.

Aberavon RFC
Aberavon Rugby Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Aberafan) is a rugby union club located in the Welsh town of Port Talbot, though the club's name refers to the older settlement of Aberavon which lies on the western side of the town.

The club was founded in 1876 as Afan Football Club, and changed names several times before settling on Aberavon Rugby Football Club. They joined the Welsh Rugby Union in 1887.
Koh-e Keshni Khan
Koh-e Keshni Khan is a 6755-meter-high mountain in the eastern Hindukush range, Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan. It is the 30th highest mountain in the country. It has a prominence of 292 metres (958 ft), which is extremely low given the altitude, but this is likely due to the fact that ridges surround the mountain. The mountain, along with all of the eastern Hindukush, is heavily glaciated starting from a very low altitude. The temperature tree line is at 10,800 feet (3,300 m). The nearest higher-elevation peak to the mountain is Kuh-e Keshni Khan, which is 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) away.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
Iain Russell
Iain Thomas Russell (born 14 November 1982) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Russell came through the youth teams at Annan Athletic and Rangers before making a few appearances for Motherwell. Since leaving the Well, Russell has also played for Brechin City, Greenock Morton, Alloa Athletic and Stirling Albion (both loan spells), Livingston, Queen of the South, and Airdrieonians.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.
Arthur Holmes Medal
The Arthur Holmes Medal and Honorary Membership is one of the most prestigious awards of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The medal is awarded to scientists who have achieved exceptional international standing in solid Earth sciences for their contributions and scientific achievements. The medal is awarded annually at the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union since 2005. From 1983 to 2004, the Arthur Holmes Medal was awarded by the European Union of Geosciences (EUG), one of the predecessors of the EGU.

The award is named after Arthur Holmes (1890–1965), a British geologist renown for his contributions in the development of radiometric dating of rocks and minerals and works on mantle convection, which eventually led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics.

Solid earth
Solid earth refers to "the earth beneath our feet" or terra firma, the planet's solid surface and its interior.: v : 1  It excludes the Earth's fluid envelopes, the atmosphere and hydrosphere (but includes the ocean basin), as well as the biosphere and interactions with the Sun.

Solid-earth science refers to the corresponding methods of study, a subset of Earth sciences, predominantly geophysics and geology, excluding aeronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology.
1978 FIFA World Cup Group 1
Group 1 of the 1978 FIFA World Cup was one of four groups of nations competing at the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The group's first round of matches began on 2 June and its last matches were played on 10 June. All six group matches were played either at Estadio José María Minella in Mar del Plata, or Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires. The group consisted of Argentina (the host of the tournament) as well as Italy, France and Hungary.

Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires)
The Monumental Stadium (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈtaðjo mˌonumentˈal]; lit. 'Monumental Stadium', named after its monumental structure), also known as Estadio River Plate and currently known as Mâs Monumental for sponsorship reasons, is an association football stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the Belgrano neighbourhood, it is home of River Plate.

It was opened on 26 May 1938 and named after former club president Antonio Vespucio Liberti (1900–1978). It is the largest stadium in both Argentina and all of South America with a capacity of 85,018 and is also home of the Argentina national football team. It was the main venue in the 1951 Pan American Games. It hosted the 1978 FIFA World Cup Final between Argentina and the Netherlands. It has also hosted four finals of the Copa América, most recently in 2011, as well as many finals of the Copa Libertadores.
Ter (department)
Ter (French: [tɛʁ]) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain, named after the river Ter. It was created on 26 January 1812 when Catalonia was annexed by the French Empire. Its subprefectures were Vic and Figueres. Its prefecture was Girona; the only prefect was Prudence-Guillaume de Roujoux, from February 1812 to 1813.

In March 1813 it was merged with the department of Sègre into the department of Ter-et-Sègre.   This merger was established by decree but never published in the Bulletin des lois, nor endorsed by any senatorial decree (Senatus consultum), leaving its legal status uncertain.

In 1814 the French left the Iberian Peninsula, having occupied it since 1807. The departments disappeared.

Vic, Spain
Vic (Catalan pronunciation: [bik]; Spanish: Vic) is the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Vic is 69 km (43 mi) from Barcelona and 60 km (37 mi) from Girona.
FC Clivense
Football Club Clivense was an Italian former football club based in Chievo, in Verona. It was founded on 13 August 2021 by Sergio Pellissier, former captain of the defunct football club A.C. ChievoVerona. It competed in Serie D, the fourth level of Italian football.

In May 2024, the club formally changed its denomination to AC ChievoVerona after having successfully acquired the logo and naming rights of the original club.

Terza Categoria
The Terza Categoria is the lowest level of amateur football in Italy.  It is the ninth level in the Italian football league system. Each individual league winner within the Terza Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Seconda Categoria level.  Unlike all the levels above the Terza Categoria, there is no relegation.

This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a provincial level from the Local and Provincial Committees. It is also the only Italian football division where head coaches are not requested to own any license released by the federation.

In theory, this is the final league in Italy from which a team can rise the ranks and eventually become Serie A champions.
Q. A. M. A. Rahim
Q.A.M.A. Rahim (died on 4 June 2021) was a Bangladeshi diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation from January 11, 2002, to February 28, 2005. He served as Bangladesh's High Commissioner to Pakistan from November 1993 to August 1998.

Rahim was born in Naogaon District.

Rahim died on 4 June 2021 in Uttara, Dhaka. His wife and two children live in the United States.

Uttara (neighbourhood)
Uttara Model Town or simply Uttara (Bengali: উত্তরা, romanized: Uttôrā, lit. 'The North [of Dhaka]'; IPA: [ut̪ːɔɹa]) is a neighbourhood of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It lies on the road to Gazipur, and adjoins Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Lisa Feldman Barrett
Lisa Feldman Barrett is a Canadian-American psychologist. She is a Distinguished Professor of psychology at Northeastern University, where she focuses on affective science and co-directs the Interdisciplinary Affective Science Laboratory. She has received the William James Fellow Award from the Association for Psychological Science for 2025, and the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the American Psychological Association for 2021, as well as a Guggenheim Fellowship. Along with James Russell, she is the founding editor-in-chief of the journal Emotion Review. Along with James Gross, she founded the Society for Affective Science.

Affective science
Affective science is the scientific study of emotion or affect. This includes the study of emotion elicitation, emotional experience and the recognition of emotions in others. Of particular relevance are the nature of feeling, mood, emotionally driven behavior, decision-making, attention and self-regulation, as well as the underlying physiology and neuroscience of the emotions.
Vera Bogetti
Vera Josephine Boggetti (5 October 1902 – 10 October 1985) was a British stage and film actress. She married Laurence J. Rickards in Hampstead, London in 1925, and the couple had a daughter, Pauline, in 1931, who died as an infant in 1932. Laurence died in 1953. She was born in Wandsworth, London and died in Godstone, Surrey.

Godstone
Godstone is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Reigate, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Oxted, 22 miles (35 km) east of Guildford and 18 miles (29 km) south of London. Close to the North Downs, both the North Downs Way and the Greensand Way pass through Godstone.
Khanpur Union, Manirampur
Khanpur Union (Bengali: খানপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Manirampur Upazila of Jessore District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 10 square kilometres and a population of 25,529.

Manirampur Upazila
Manirampur (Bengali: মণিরামপুর) is an upazila of Jashore District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It is bounded by Jashore Sadar Upazila on the north, Kalaroa and Jhikargachha upazilas on the west, Abhaynagar Upazila on the east, and Dumuria and Keshabpur upazilas on the south.
Santa Ana, Santa Fe
Santa Ana is a paraje located in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina, in the General Obligado Department, pertaining to the Municipality of Avellaneda. Is located 15 km at north of the city of Avellaneda and to 340 km to the north of the Capital City of Santa Fe. It limits the North with Flor de Oro, the South with Moussy, the East with El Timbó and the West with La Colmena.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
Billy Joe Padden
Billy Joe Padden is a Gaelic footballer from County Mayo, Ireland. He began his playing career with Belmullet GAC and played at all levels for the Mayo county team.

He subsequently moved to County Armagh, joining St Patrick's Carrickcruppen GFC and playing at senior level for the Armagh county team. He is a son of Mayo legend Willie Joe Padden.

He has done media work, including for Off the Ball and Sky Sports.

Off the Ball (media company)
OTB Sports (formerly known as Off the Ball) is an Irish media company, comprising a podcast network, website, daily radio show on nationwide broadcaster Newstalk 106-108fm and web-based live digital broadcast. It is on air seven days a week.

Primarily a sports news review, opinion and analysis show, it has also produced video documentaries on sporting topics.
Emotional Chemistry
Emotional Chemistry is a BBC Books original novel written by Simon A. Forward and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Trix.

The novel is written as a love story between two aliens separated by time, and is set in three distinct time periods: 1812, 2024 and the year 5000. The sections set in the 51st Century in particular contain references to the Doctor Who serial The Talons of Weng-Chiang, showing the war that villain Magnus Greel had started before trying to escape through time.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Saint Petersburg City Administration
Saint Petersburg City Administration (Администрация Санкт-Петербурга) is the superior executive body of Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), Russian Federation. It is located in a historic building, Smolny and known as the Government of Saint Petersburg (Правительство Санкт-Петербурга).

The head of the administration is the Governor of Saint Petersburg (Mayor of Saint Petersburg before 1996). In 1991 – 2006 the head of the city was elected by direct vote of the city residents. However, according to a Russian Federal Law accepted in 2004 (Full text in Russian: ), the governor was proposed by the President of the Russian Federation and approved (or disapproved) by the City Legislative Assembly until 2014, while in 2014 the governor was elected by popular vote of the city residents.

Igor Artemyev
Igor Yurievich Artemyev (Russian: Игорь Юрьевич Артемьев; born  27 November 1961) is a Russian politician and government official. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
Don Seenu
Don Seenu is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by Gopichand Malineni and produced by R. R. Venkat. The film stars Ravi Teja, Shriya Saran, and Anjana Sukhani in the lead roles, while Srihari and Sayaji Shinde play supporting roles. The music was composed by Mani Sharma with cinematography by Sameer Reddy and editing by Gautham Raju. The film released on 6 August 2010 and became a commercial super hit at the box office. The film was remade in Bengali as Badsha - The Don. The film was dubbed twice in Hindi as Sabse Bada Don in 2011 and 2016.

Srihari
Srihari (15 August 1964 – 9 October 2013) was an Indian actor who was active mainly in Telugu cinema. He appeared in some Tamil, Kannada and Hindi films as well. He won seven Nandi Awards and one Filmfare Award.
Horse mill
A horse mill is a mill, sometimes used in conjunction with a watermill or windmill, that uses a horse engine as the power source. Any milling process can be powered in this way, but the most frequent use of animal power in horse mills was for grinding grain and pumping water. Other animal engines for powering mills are powered by dogs, donkeys, oxen or camels. Treadwheels are engines powered by humans.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Spiroheptane
Spiroheptane refers to spirocyclic hydrocarbons with the formula C(CH2)6. The parent symmetrical member of this group of compounds is spiro[3.3]heptane, which features a pair of cyclobutane rings sharing one carbon. The parent unsymmetrical member is spiro[2.4]heptane, which features cyclopropyl and cyclopentyl rings sharing one carbon.

An early example of a spiro[3.3]heptane is the dicarboxylic acid C[(CH2)2CH(CO2H)]2, also called Fecht's acid in honor of H. Fecht, of the Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, the person who obtained this compound. His route involved alkylation of malonic esters with the tetrabromide of pentaerythritol, a method modeled after the work on spiropentane.

Cyclopentane
Cyclopentane (also called C pentane) is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It is a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its freezing point is −94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more carbon rings. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.

It was first prepared in 1893 by the German chemist Johannes Wislicenus.
Center of curvature
In geometry, the center of curvature of a curve is a point located at a distance from the curve equal to the radius of curvature lying on the curve normal vector.  It is the point at infinity if the curvature is zero.  The osculating circle to the curve is centered at the centre of curvature.  Cauchy defined the center of curvature C as the intersection point of two infinitely close normal lines to the curve. The locus of centers of curvature for each point on the curve comprise the evolute of the curve. This term is generally used in physics regarding the study of lenses and mirrors (see radius of curvature (optics)).

It lies on the principal axis of a mirror or lens.  In case of a convex mirror it lies behind the polished, or reflecting, surface and it lies in front of the reflecting surface in case of a concave mirror.

Locus (mathematics)
In geometry, a locus (plural: loci) (Latin word for "place", "location") is a set of all points (commonly, a line, a line segment, a curve or a surface), whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specified conditions.

The set of the points that satisfy some property is often called the locus of a point satisfying this property. The use of the singular in this formulation is a witness that, until the end of the 19th century, mathematicians did not consider infinite sets. Instead of viewing lines and curves as sets of points, they viewed them as places where a point may be located or may move.
Barry Railway Class J
Barry Railway Class J were 2-4-2T steam locomotives of the Barry Railway in South Wales.  They were designed by J. F. Hosgood, built by both Hudswell Clarke and Sharp, Stewart and Company and were introduced in 1897. Their main use was on the Barry to Cardiff suburban service and had a reputation for always being smartly turned out.  They were all shedded at Barry. The locomotives passed to the Great Western Railway in 1922 and were all scrapped by 1930.

2-4-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The type is sometimes named Columbia after a Baldwin 2-4-2 locomotive was showcased at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held at Chicago, Illinois.