hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Osmond-Clarke
Sir Henry Osmond Osmond-Clarke KCVO CBE (8 February 1905 – 24 October 1986), also known as Nobby Clarke, was a British orthopaedic surgeon.

Osmond-Clarke was born at Brookeborough, County Fermanagh and trained at Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed in a consultant in 1936 at Crumpsall Hospital, the same year he was elected Hunterian Professor. and later at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital.  He was a visiting surgeon at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Hospital for more than 40 years.

Osmond-Clarke was a member of the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1959 to 1975 and Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Queen from 1965 to 1973.

Osmond-Clarke was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1969 New Year Honours.

Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) is a specialist orthopaedic hospital located in Stanmore in the London Borough of Harrow, run by the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust. It provides the most comprehensive range of neuro-musculoskeletal health care in the UK, including acute spinal injury, complex bone tumour treatment, orthopaedic medicine and specialist rehabilitation for chronic back pain. The RNOH is a major teaching centre and around 20% of orthopaedic surgeons in the UK receive training there.
Nick Howard
Nicholas 'Nick' Howard (born 24 April 1982, Brighton) is an English singer-songwriter who has released six albums since 2008 and played over 1000 shows across the world. His music has been featured on Pretty Little Liars, Switched at Birth, The Hills, Jersey Shore, Next, True Life, Cougar Town, 90210, LA Ink, Greek and Army Wives. He has toured with Lifehouse, Boyce Avenue, Eric Hutchinson, Tristan Prettyman and supported Train, Gavin Degraw and Jack Johnson.

He has performed several times on live television in the US and Europe, including appearances on NBC, Fox and the BBC along with a live performance in front of 1 million people in Berlin on New Year's Eve 2013/4. Howard has cited a range of musical influences and life experiences when writing and performing. His musical influences include The Beatles, John Mayer, Jason Mraz, The Script, Oasis and Coldplay. He is also known for being the 2012 winner of the German television show The Voice of Germany.

True Life
True Life is an American documentary television series that aired on MTV from March 31, 1998, to June 21, 2017. Each episode follows a particular topic, such as heroin addiction as in the first episode – "Fatal Dose". The show is created by following a series of subjects by a camera crew through a certain part of their lives. A four-episode revival series titled True Life/Now aired in 2019 and a crime investigation iteration called True Life Crime premiered in 2020.

A TV special titled True Life Presents: First-Time First Responders premiered on June 9, 2020.

A four-part docu-series titled True Life Presents: Quarantine Stories premiered on August 5, 2020.
Salle de la Bourse
The Salle de la Bourse (French pronunciation: [sal də la buʁs]) was a Parisian theatre located on the rue Vivienne in the 2nd arrondissement, across from the Paris Bourse, hence the name. It was successively the home of the Théâtre des Nouveautés (1827–1832), the Opéra-Comique (1832–1840), and the Théâtre du Vaudeville (1840–1869). The theatre was demolished in 1869.

Euronext Paris
Euronext Paris, formerly known as the Paris Bourse (French: Bourse de Paris), is a regulated securities trading venue in France. It is Europe's second largest stock exchange by market capitalization, behind the London Stock Exchange, as of December 2023. As of 2022, the 795 companies listed had a combined market capitalization of over US$4.58 trillion.

Since September 2000, the Paris Bourse has been part of Euronext, of which it was a co-founder together with the Amsterdam Stock Exchange and Brussels Stock Exchange. It was subsequently rebranded Euronext Paris.
Theodore Branas
Theodore Branas or Vranas (Greek: Θεόδωρος Βρανᾶς, Theodōros Branas), sometimes called Theodore Komnenos Branas, was a general under the Byzantine Empire and afterwards under the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Under the Latin regime he was given the title Caesar and in 1206 he became governor and lord of Adrianople. He is called Livernas by western chroniclers of the Fourth Crusade, including Geoffroi de Villehardouin.

Geoffrey of Villehardouin
Geoffrey of Villehardouin (c. 1150 – c. 1213) was a French knight and historian who participated in and chronicled the Fourth Crusade.  He is considered one of the most important historians of the time period, best known for writing the eyewitness account De la Conquête de Constantinople (On the Conquest of Constantinople), about the battle for Constantinople between the Christians of the West and the Christians of the East on 13 April 1204.  The Conquest is the earliest French historical prose narrative that has survived to modern times. Ηis full title was: "Geoffroi of Villehardouin, Marshal of Champagne and of Romania".
Lacy Island
Lacy Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located at the confluence of Hudson Strait and the Labrador Sea. The island, a member of the Button Islands, is situated in the northeast part of the grouping.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Goodwin Island, MacColl Island, Lawson Island, Erhardt Island, and Observation Island.

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Australian Centre for Photography
The Australian Centre for Photography (ACP) was a not-for-profit photography gallery in Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia that was established in 1973 and which also provided part-time courses and community programs.

One of the longest running contemporary art spaces in Australia, after a shutdown from 16 December 2020 pending a restructure, it was acquired in October 2022 by the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences and relaunched as Powerhouse Photography. Powerhouse will continue and expand on ACP programs with commissions, acquisitions, publications, learning and research activities dedicated to the promotion and development of photography in Australia.

The Australian Centre for Photography published Photofile, a biannual photography journal, from 1983.

Not-for-profit arts organization
A not-for-profit arts organization, also known as a nonprofit arts organization, usually takes the form of a not-for-profit organization, nonprofit organization, association, or foundation. Such organizations are formed for the purpose of developing and promoting the work of artists in various visual- and performing-art forms such as film, sculpture, dance, painting, multimedia, poetry, and performance art.
Team Stratos
Team Stratos is a Spanish motorcycle racing team. The team raced in 2015 FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship season in the Moto2 category with Ariane Racing motorcycles and also competed in the European Superbike Championship with Yamaha motorcycles. In 2016 Team Yamaha Stratos competed in Spanish Roadracing Championship in Stock1000 and Stock 600, also at European FIMCEV Repsol in Moto2, Stock600 and EuropeanTalent Cup.

In 2017 David Checa joined Team Yamaha Stratos in the RFMECEV Spanish Championship.

The Team in RFMECEV is in three categories: Supersport 300, Supersport 600 and Stock100.

Motorcycle racing
The motorcycle sport of racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
1997–98 NKP Salve Challenger Trophy
The 4th NKP Salve Challenger Trophy was an Indian domestic cricket tournament that was held in Mumbai from 9 October to 12 October 1997. The series involved the domestic and national players from India allocated in India Seniors, India A, and India B. India Seniors won the Challenger trophy after defeating India A by 31 runs in the final.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Regillio Nooitmeer
Regillio "Regi" Nooitmeer (born 16 July 1983) is a Dutch-born Haitian former footballer who played as a defender. He has played for the senior Haiti national team, having previously represented the Netherlands at under-21 level.

Galway United F.C.
Galway United Football Club (Irish: Cumann Peile Ghaillimh Aontaithe) is an Irish professional football club based in Galway. They play in the League of Ireland Premier Division, following a promotion from the First Division in 2023. The team was founded as Galway Rovers F.C. during the 1930s. They made their League of Ireland debut in the 1977–78 season, and changed their name to Galway United in 1981–82. After suffering financial difficulties, the club dropped out of the League of Ireland after the 2011 season, but in 2014 Galway United returned, initially playing as Galway F.C. for a season. Like other sports teams from the county, Galway United are nicknamed "The Tribesmen", after the 14 "tribes" of Galway, the merchant families that established the city.
Karmijn de Sonnaville
Karmijn de Sonnaville is a variety of apple bred by Piet de Sonnaville, working in Wageningen (the Netherlands) in 1949. It is a cross of Cox's Orange Pippin and Jonathan, and was first grown commercially in 1971.

It is high both in sugars (including some sucrose) and acidity. It is a triploid, and hence needs good pollination, and can be difficult to grow. It also suffers from fruit russet, which can be severe. In Manhart's book "Apples for the 21st century", Karmijn de Sonnaville is tipped as a possible success for the future, but as time passes, it seems less likely to make it to the big-time.

Karmijn de Sonnaville is not widely grown in large quantities, but at 8 acres (32,000 m2) The Apple Farm in Ireland it is grown for eating and juice-making, for which the variety is well suited.

Piet de Sonnaville died in 1995, but was still involved in apple breeding at that time; his son Ben, who lives in Altforst in the Netherlands, continues to grow apples and breed new varieties.

Wageningen
Wageningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋaːɣənɪŋə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of 39,635 in 2021, of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries.
Kaldbukta
Kaldbukta is a bay in Van Mijenfjorden in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The bay has a width of about 11.5 kilometers. The large valley Reindalen ends into Kaldbukta. The largest river flowing into the bay is Reindalselva, and also Semmeldalselva and Kalvdalselva ends in Kaldbukta.

Van Mijenfjorden
Van Mijenfjorden is the third-longest fjord in Norway's Svalbard archipelago. It lies in the southern portion of Spitsbergen island, south of Nordenskiöld Land and north of Nathorst Land. The fjord is 83 km (52 mi) long, being separated from Bellsund further out by Akseløya and Mariaholmen. The settlement of Sveagruva lies on the fjord's north bank.

The fjord is named after the Dutch whaler Willem Cornelisz. van Muyden, who was involved in the trade in 1612 and 1613. Van Mijenfjorden (an obvious corruption of Van Muyden's name) was originally called Lowe Sound, while the small cove north of Axel Island (at the mouth of the fjord) was called Van Muyden's Haven. This latter name was moved from its proper location by Giles and Rep (c. 1710) and "floated over" to where modern cartographers now wrongly place it.
Rugby League Raw
Rugby League Raw was a regional BBC Sport television programme featuring rugby league action and behind-the-scenes footage from the National Leagues play-offs.

The series began in 2000 as a regional programme on Yorkshire Television and switched to the BBC in 2004.

The programme was narrated by Mark Chapman, and later, Tony Livesey, with match commentary from Dave Woods, David Oates and John Helm.

The documentary-style programme picked up two Royal Television Society awards and several nominations.

Rugby League Raw was broadcast in the BBC's North East & Cumbria, Yorkshire & North Midlands, East Yorkshire & Lincolnshire and North West regions and attracted over 400,000 viewers, despite its late night timeslot. The series can also be viewed online or downloaded using BBC iPlayer in the UK.

The 2007 series was the last to be made as Sky Sports began to show National League rugby.

John Helm (commentator)
John Helm (born 8 July 1942 in Baildon, West Riding of Yorkshire) is an English sports commentator who has commentated on football, golf, cricket and rugby league both for ITV and other broadcasters.

Helm is known for being a commentator on the international broadcast feed of various FIFA tournaments; he has provided live commentary at the FIFA World Cup (since 1982), the FIFA U-20 World Cup (since 2001), as well as numerous international football tournaments including youth and women's competitions.
Eva Runefelt
Eva Virginia Runefelt (born 1953) is a Swedish novelist and poet. She made her literary debut in 1975, with the novel I svackan. Her poetry collections include En kommande tid av livet from 1975 and Mjuka mörkret from 1997. She was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1994. She won De Nio Lyrical Prize in 2008 and the Tranströmerpriset in 2018.

De Nios lyrikpris
De Nios lyrikpris (English: De Nio Lyrical Prize) is a Swedish literature prize given by Samfundet De Nio since 2008. The prize has however been given only one time. The prize money is 125 000 Swedish kronor two times.
Jason Isbell and the 400 Unit (album)
Jason Isbell and the 400 Unit is Jason Isbell's second full-length album, and first album with the 400 Unit as accompanying band. It was released on February 17, 2009, through Lightning Rod Records. The deluxe version of the album contains an additional four tracks.

On October 18, 2019, the album was re-released with remixing done by Dave Cobb and remastering done by Pete Lyman.

Pete Lyman
Pete Lyman is a mastering engineer, and owner of Infrasonic Mastering, an audio and vinyl mastering studio with three locations in United States. He has mastered Grammy-award winning and nominated albums for Chris Stapleton, Tanya Tucker, Jason Isbell, Brandi Carlile, Sturgill Simpson, John Prine, Weezer, Panic! At the Disco, and more.

Lyman's music career began at the age of 14, playing bass in a number of bands, and sharing the stage with a variety of bands including My Bloody Valentine, The Mars Volta, and Sebadoh.

In 2012, Lyman opened Infrasonic Los Angeles, a custom-built mastering facility in Echo Park in Los Angeles, California. He has since opened additional studio facilities in Nashville, Tennessee and Oakland, California. Infrasonic Nashville is now home to Lyman's custom mastering suite, and his 1956 Neumann AM-32B lathe.
Beer in Japan
Beer in Japan mostly comes from the country's four major breweries—Asahi, Kirin, Sapporo and Suntory—which mainly produce pale lagers around 5% ABV. Beer is widely consumed in Japan, and is often described in reference works as more popular than sake.

In addition to standard beer, beer-like beverages made with lower levels of malt—legally and commercially distinguished in Japan—include happōshu (発泡酒) and other low- or non-malt “beer-taste” products, which have held a substantial share of the market in part because applicable liquor taxes vary by ingredients and malt content.

Microbreweries and “craft beer” have also grown since deregulation in 1994, supplying a wider range of styles than the mass-market lagers that dominated the postwar period. Craft beer bars and pubs are popular in major cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, and commonly feature locally produced beer alongside imports.

Pale lager
Pale lager is a pale-to-golden lager beer with a well-attenuated body and a varying degree of noble hop bitterness.

In the mid-19th century, Gabriel Sedlmayr took British pale ale brewing and malt making techniques back to the Spaten Brewery in Germany and applied them to existing lagering methods. The resulting beers gradually spread around the globe to become the most common form of beer consumed in the world today.
Rómverja saga
Rómverja saga (The Saga of the Romans) in an Old Norse-Icelandic translation of three Latin historical texts: Sallust's Bellum Jugurthinum and Coniuratio Catilinae and Lucan's Pharsalia. It gives an account of Roman history from the Jugurthine War (112 BCE) to the death of Augustus (14 CE). This combination of sources is unique in medieval literature. Along with Breta sögur, Veraldar saga and Trójumanna saga, it represent the earliest phase of translation of secular works into Old Norse-Icelandic.

Rómverja saga exists in two versions: an older and longer, but poorly preserved version in AM 595a-b 4to; and a younger, abridged version in AM 226 fol, copied in AM 225 fol.

There are close parallels between sections of Veraldar saga and Rómverja saga. Hofmann proposed that Veraldar saga takes its Roman history from Rómverja saga. Þorbjörg Helgadóttir instead considers that the two sagas both used the same Latin sources: Sallust and Lucan.

Bellum Catilinae
Bellum Catilinae (War of Catiline), also called De coniuratione Catilinae (Conspiracy of Catiline), is the first history published by the Roman historian Sallust. The second historical monograph in Latin literature, it chronicles the attempted overthrow of the government by the aristocrat Catiline in 63 BC in what has been usually called the Catilinarian conspiracy.

The narrative of the monograph was seized upon as illustrating the moral and social decadence of the ruling Roman classes, particularly the Roman Senate. Sallust continually critiques Roman corruption throughout his narration.
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University is a public university in Iran. It was established in 1974 as a non-profit educational unit for the purpose of creating agricultural education courses. The university was originally called the Higher Agricultural Engineering School and offered general agricultural, forestry, rangeland and animal husbandry courses. In 1979, the Higher Agricultural Engineering School, along with several other centers, provided the foundation for the establishment of the University of Mazandaran in the city center of Babolsar. In 1997,  two colleges of agricultural sciences and natural resources were granted a single license, and they began their training activities in the academic year of 1997–1998.

According to the ranking of Iranian Universities, this public university is among the top three of agricultural and natural resources universities in the country.

Higher education in Iran
Iran has a network of private, public, and state-affiliated universities offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Iran are under the direct supervision of Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (for non-medical universities) and Ministry of Health and Medical Education (for medical schools). According to article 3 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran guarantees "free education and physical training for everyone at all levels, and the facilitation and expansion of higher education." IANI representatives say that academics in Iran are "ultimately directed by the regime and military when it comes to specific areas of research". Rana Dadpour, who taught at an Iranian university, said that certain areas of research are directed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and could be employed for "surveillance or military purposes".
Presents Author Unknown
Presents Author Unknown (sometimes simply, Author Unknown) is the debut studio album by Jason Falkner (formerly of The Three O'Clock, Jellyfish, and The Grays), released on August 13, 1996 by Elektra Entertainment.

Save for the string arrangements, and a guitar overdub by Alain Johannes on the track "Miracle Medicine", Falkner performs every instrument on the album.

The album was supported by singles for the songs "I Live", "Miracle Medicine", and "Follow Me". Despite receiving critical acclaim from contemporary critics, the album was a commercial disappointment, which Falkner has attributed to a lack of promotion from his label Elektra.

The Three O'Clock
The Three O'Clock is an American alternative rock group associated with the Los Angeles 1980s Paisley Underground scene. Lead singer and bassist Michael Quercio is credited with coining the term "Paisley Underground" to describe a subset of the 1980s L.A. music scene which included bands such as the Dream Syndicate, Rain Parade, Green on Red, the Long Ryders and the Bangles.
City of London Corporation elections
The City of London Corporation elections occur regularly to provide the elected representatives who run the City of London Corporation. These elections, with their use of plural voting, are conducted in ways unique to the United Kingdom.

Each of the 25 wards in the City of London are represented on the Court of Common Council by an Alderman and one or more Common Councilmen. The electors of the ward are registered annually with forms being sent to all residents and businesses in the City. This enables the registered voters to vote on the relevant ward list. In March 2013 12,479 business votes and 6,504 residential votes were registered, with only 27 per cent of the electorate being women.

Wards of the City of London
The City of London (also known simply as "the City") is divided into 25 wards. The city is the historic core of the much wider metropolis of Greater London, with an ancient and sui generis form of local government, which avoided the many local government reforms elsewhere in the country in the 19th and 20th centuries. Unlike other modern English local authorities, the City of London Corporation has two council bodies: the now largely ceremonial Court of Aldermen, and the Court of Common Council.

The wards are a survival of the medieval governmental system that allowed very small areas to exist as self-governing units within the wider city. They are both electoral/political sub-divisions and permanent ceremonial, geographic and administrative entities within the city. They had their boundaries changed in 2003, and to a lesser extent in 2013, though the number of wards and their names did not change.