hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosemary Bamforth
Rosemary Bamforth (19 October 1924 – 17 April 2018) was a Scottish pathologist who worked at Bletchley Park during World War II.

Working as a consultant at Southampton Hospital, she made an early link in her research between ship workers dying of mesothelioma and asbestos exposure on ships, before the cause of this illness had been fully determined.

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
McGuinty ministry
The McGuinty ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from October 23, 2003, to February 11, 2013. It was led by the 24th Premier of Ontario, Dalton McGuinty. The ministry was made up of members of the Ontario Liberal Party, which commanded at first a majority and later a minority in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Eves ministry following the 2003 Ontario general election. The ministry governed through all of the 38th and 39th Parliaments of Ontario, as well as just over a year of the 40th Parliament of Ontario; after the Ontario Liberal Party secured only a minority in the 2011 election, McGuinty eventually resigned, and was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by Kathleen Wynne.

39th Parliament of Ontario
The 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was a legislature of the government of the Province of Ontario, Canada.  It officially opened November 29, 2007, and ended on June 1, 2011.  The membership was set by the 2007 Ontario general election on October 10, 2007.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Premier Dalton McGuinty.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party. It was initially led by John Tory but the leadership changed in 2009 when the PCs elected Tim Hudak as their new leader. The third party was the New Democrats led by Howard Hampton until they chose Andrea Horwath as their leader in 2009. The speaker was Steve Peters.
Seven Years of Happiness
Seven Years of Happiness (Italian: Sette anni di felicità) is a 1943 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film directed by Ernst Marischka and Roberto Savarese and starring Vivi Gioi, Wolf Albach-Retty and Hans Moser.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Piero Filippone. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome. It was co-produced with the German firm Bavaria Film, and a separate German version Seven Years of Good Luck was also made.

Cinecittà
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for 'Cinema City') is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres (99 acres), it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a plan to revive the Italian film industry and to compete with Hollywood.

Filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Mel Gibson and Luca Guadagnino have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it. In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."
Mississippi Valley Conference (Iowa)
The Mississippi Valley Conference (also called MVC) is a high-school athletic conference whose members are located in the metropolitan areas of eastern region of the U.S. state of Iowa, including Cedar Rapids, Dubuque, Iowa City and Waterloo-Cedar Falls.

The conference is divided into two divisions: the Mississippi division and the Valley division. Division assignments rotate every two years, and are not geographically-based.

At present the MVC comprises all 4A schools with the exception of Dubuque Wahlert, which is categorized as 3A school. Cedar Rapids Xavier, when admitted to the MVC, was a 3A school, but became a 4A school beginning with the 2008-09 school year. As of 2014-2015, Xavier switched back to 3A and Western Dubuque high school, also a 3A school, beginning in 2019.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
Haul Round Island
Haul Round Island is a 6 ha (15-acre) island in the Arafura Sea, lying close to the north central coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia.  It consists mainly of sand with a few rocks and nearby patches of mangroves.  It is close to the town of Maningrida.  It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it has one of the largest seabird colonies in the Northern Territory.

Counts of seabirds at Haul Island show that it supports up to 5000 roseate terns, 5000 bridled terns and hundreds of nesting crested terns, as well as silver gulls.  Some 150-200 pied cormorants nest in the mangroves on an adjacent reef.  Although the colony is active every year, in some years the roseate terns nest on other islands.  Tern eggs are frequently harvested by the Aboriginal traditional owners of the island.

Roseate tern
The roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name Sterna is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific dougallii refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McDougall (1777–1814). "Roseate" refers to the bird's pink breast in breeding plumage.
Ngawha Springs
Ngawha Springs (Māori: Ngāwhā) is a small settlement and hot water springs approximately  five kilometres east of the town of Kaikohe in Northland, New Zealand. Ngāwhā means "boiling spring".

The springs reputedly have therapeutic, balneological properties for those who bathe in their waters, and is the source of the steam used at the Ngawha geothermal field's power station. The nearby Northland Region Corrections Facility is the only prison in Northland.

Ngāwhā Marae and its meeting house, E Koro Kia Tutuki, are a traditional meeting place for the local Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngāti Kiriahi, Ngāti Mau, Ngāti Rangi, Te Uri Hoatau and Te Uri Taniwha.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Seth Burnham
Seth Burnham (born May 31, 1977 in Santa Cruz, California) is a male beach volleyball and volleyball player from the United States who participated at the NORCECA Circuit 2009 at Manzanillo playing with Marcin Jagoda. They finished in the 9th position.

Currently, Seth Burnham is an active volleyball coach and maintains a presence on the interactive volleyball website Volleyball 1on1 where he appears in instructional volleyball videos. He is in his third year as the head coach of the boys' volleyball program at Thousand Oaks High School.

Thousand Oaks High School
Thousand Oaks High School (TOHS) is a high school in Thousand Oaks, California, United States. Established in 1962, it is part of the Conejo Valley Unified School District. It has a suburban campus with one story buildings, connected by external sidewalks, lawn areas and overhanging roofs. The campus was originally built in the 1960s, however some of the campus has undergone renovation and construction, including the addition of a Performing Arts Center in 1999.  As of the 2024–25 school year, the school has an enrollment of 1,728, out of a planned capacity of 2,886; graduating classes typically number between 450 and 500.
Armenians in Nakhchivan
Armenians had a historic presence in Nakhchivan (Armenian: Նախիջևան, Armenian pronunciation: [nɑχidʒɛvɑn]). According to an Armenian tradition, Nakhchivan was founded by Noah, of the Abrahamic religions. Following the transfer of the region to the Azerbaijani SSR, the region observed a significant demographic shift.

Amid anti-Armenian sentiment and policies in Azerbaijan, the Armenian population gradually decreased to around 0%. Still some Armenian political groupings of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora, claim that Nakhchivan should belong to Armenia. The Medieval Armenian cemetery of Jugha (Julfa) in Nakhchivan, regarded by Armenians as the biggest and most precious repository of medieval headstones marked with Christian crosses – khachkars (of which more than 2,000 were still there in the late 1980s), was completely demolished by 2006 by Azerbaijan.

Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)
Julfa (Azerbaijani: Culfa), formerly Jugha (Armenian: Ջուղա, also transliterated as Djugha), is a city and the capital of the Julfa District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

Julfa, an old Azerbaijan city, is separated by the Aras River from its namesake, the town of Jolfa on the Iranian side of the border. The two towns are linked by a road bridge and a railway bridge.

Both Azerbaijan's absolute minimum temperature (−33 °C or −27.4 °F) and the absolute maximum temperature (46 °C or 114.8 °F) were observed in  Julfa (and also in Ordubad).
Konjuh (mountain)
Konjuh is a mountain in the north-east part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mountain is bordered by the rivers Seona, Turija, Litva, and Oskova on the north, the river Gostelja and the highway Tuzla–Sarajevo on the north-east. The river Krivaja is located on south and west. With Ozren, Javor and Javornik, Konjuh makes part of a mountain chain which, with Trebavac and Majevica, presents a transition of the Dinaric mountain system to the spacious Panonian plain.

The average altitude of this mountain is 1,000 meters. Peaks above this altitude include: Šuplji Javor (1,157 m), Vina Kruška (1,088 m), Suho Drvlje (1,206 m), Zidine (1,180m), Brezina (1,120 m), Vrh Konjuha (1,328 m) and Bandijerka, the top of Javorje (1,261 m), Bijeli Vrh (1,272 m) and Zečiji Rat (1,275 m) on the southwestern comb Smolin.

Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large, mainly lowland area in southeastern Central Europe, briefly described as a sedimentary basin. Under the geopolitically changed conditions created by World War I and the ensuing Treaty of Trianon, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene. However, Hungarian geographers consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topographically highly erroneous. Regarding the name as such, they are arguing in terms of ancient history, namely that the northern and eastern boundary line of the namesake Roman province of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube, thus the Great Hungarian Plain was not  part of the original Pannonia province.
Wat Bang Phra
Wat Bang Phra (Thai: วัดบางพระ) is a Buddhist monastery (wat) in Nakhon Chaisi district, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, about 50 km west of Bangkok.
Wat Bang Phra translates into English as the "Monastery of the Riverbank Buddha Image," a reference to the temple's history as a spot where a revered Buddha image from Ayuthaya was recovered from a boat which sank in the Nakhon Chaisi River alongside where the monastery was founded.

Nakhon Pathom province
Nakhon Pathom (Thai: จังหวัดนครปฐม, pronounced [náʔkʰɔ̄ːn pā.tʰǒm], (Pronunciation)) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Suphan Buri, Ayutthaya, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, and Kanchanaburi. The capital city of Nakhon Pathom province is Nakhon Pathom.

Nakhon Pathom province is home to the Phra Pathommachedi, a chedi commissioned by King Mongkut (Rama IV) and completed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1870. The chedi is a reminder of the long vanished Dvaravati civilization that once flourished here and by tradition Nakhon Pathom is where Buddhism first came to Thailand. The province itself is known for its many fruit orchards.
Predator: Killer of Killers
Predator: Killer of Killers is a 2025 American adult animated science fiction action anthology film directed by Dan Trachtenberg from a screenplay by Micho Robert Rutare, based on a story by Trachtenberg and Rutare. It is the sixth installment in the Predator film series and its first animated installment.

By October 2024, Trachtenberg, who previously directed Prey (2022), had made a secret film in the franchise, set to be released prior to Predator: Badlands (2025). In April 2025, the film's title and release date were revealed. Animation was provided by The Third Floor.

Predator: Killer of Killers was released on June 6, 2025, in the United States on Hulu and internationally on Disney+. The film received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its animation, Trachtenberg's direction, writing, action sequences, musical score, and voice cast.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Dematerialization (securities)
In finance and financial law, dematerialization refers to the substitution of paper-form securities by book-entry securities.  This is a form of indirect holding system in which an intermediary, such as a broker or central securities depository, or the issuer (e.g., French system) holds a record of the ownership of shares usually in electronic format.  The dematerialization of securities such as stocks has been a major trend since the late 1960s, with the result that by 2010 the majority of global securities were held in dematerialized form electronically.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
Shripad Krishna Belvalkar
Shripad Krishna Belvalkar (1881 in Narsobawadi – 8 January 1967 in Poona) was an Indian scholar of Sanskrit, educator, historian, and writer, best known for his translations and editions of the Uttararamacarita, the Kavyadarsha, and the Bhagavad Gita, and his research on Sanskrit grammar, Indian philosophy and Indology. He served as honorary secretary of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, frequently collaborated with Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade, and his works have since become a part of the Harvard Oriental Series.

Uttararamacarita
Uttararāmacharita (Sanskrit: उत्तररामचरित, IAST: Uttararāmacharita) (transl. The Later Story of Rama) is a Sanskrit play in seven acts in the Nataka style by Bhavabhuti. It depicts the later life of Hindu god Rama, from the coronation after Rama's return from exile, to his reunion with his wife Sita whom he abandoned immediately after his coronation and his two sons Lava and Kusha, covering a period of more than twelve years.
Marko Liias
Marko Sakari Liias (born July 17, 1981) is an American politician serving as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 21st district since 2014. The district, located within Snohomish County, includes portions of Lynnwood and Everett, as well as his hometown of Mukilteo and his native Edmonds. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2008 to 2014.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
Tri Pointe Homes
Tri Pointe Homes, Inc. is a home construction company headquartered in Incline Village, Nevada. It also offers financing and insurance services to homebuyers. It operates in Arizona, California, Nevada, Washington, Colorado, Texas, the District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The company is the 18th largest home construction company in the United States based on the number of homes closed.

Incline Village, Nevada
Incline Village is an upmarket census-designated place (CDP) on the north shore of Lake Tahoe in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 8,777 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Reno−Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Until the 2010 census, the CDP Crystal Bay, Nevada was counted jointly with Incline Village. It is governed by the Incline Village General Improvement District (IVGID), a quasi-public agency that provides water, sewer, trash and recreation services for Incline Village and Crystal Bay, Nevada.

Sierra Nevada University, now The University of Nevada, Reno at Lake Tahoe,  is located in Incline Village. Incline Village is also home to Diamond Peak Ski Resort, which is owned by the community. Incline Village has some of the most expensive real estate in the United States.
Republic of Crimea (Russia)
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a de jure subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.

The capital and largest city located within its borders is Simferopol, which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. As of the 2021 Russian census, the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
4Q240
4Q240 ( or 4QCanta) is believed to be a commentary (or pesher) on the Song of Songs, also known as 'Canticles'. Written in Hebrew, it was  found in Cave 4 at Qumran in the Judean Desert and comprises part of the Dead Sea Scrolls. From its palaeography (script) it has been identified as being early-Herodian.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Inazares
Inazares is a dependent village of Moratalla, Murcia, Spain with a population of 40. It lies in La Rogativa Valley at an altitude of 1.350 m above sea level

Because of  its geographic location and its low light pollution, Inazares' sky has been catalogued by NASA as a good location for observing the night sky.

Inazares is home to griffon vultures, Spanish ibex, boars and the peregrine falcon.

38°05′N 2°13′W﻿ / ﻿38.083°N 2.217°W﻿ / 38.083; -2.217

Eurasian griffon vulture
The Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) is a large Old World vulture in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. It is also known as the griffon vulture, although this term is sometimes used for the genus as a whole.
Kluyveromyces
Kluyveromyces is a genus of ascomycetous yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae. Some of the species, such as K. marxianus, are the teleomorphs of Candida species.

The genus name of Kluyveromyces is in honour of Albert Jan Kluyver ForMemRS (1888-1956), who was a Dutch microbiologist and biochemist.

The genus was circumscribed by Johannes P. Van der Walt in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek vol.22 on pages 268–271 in 1956.

Mating and sporulation in Kluyveromyces are co-induced by poor environments and most often occur in succession without intervening diploid mitotic cell divisions.

A RAD52 gene homolog from Kluyveromyces lactis was cloned and characterized.  This gene, which has a central role in recombinational repair of DNA, can complement S. cerevisiae rad52 mutants.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.