hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dobronravov
Dobronravov (Russian: Добронравов) is a Russian masculine surname derived from the word combination dobryi and nrav meaning kind temper; its feminine counterpart is Dobronravova. Notable people with the surname include:

Boris Dobronravov (1896–1949), Russian and Soviet actor

Elena Dobronravova (1932–1999), Soviet and Russian actress

Fyodor Dobronravov (born 1961), Russian actor

Ivan Dobronravov (born 1989), Russian actor, son of Fyodor

Nikolai Dobronravov (1928–2023), Russian poet and lyricist

Elena Dobronravova
Elena Borisovna Dobronravova (Russian: Елена Борисовна Добронра́вова; 21 July 1932 – 24 January 1999) was a Soviet and Russian actress. Born July 21, 1932 in Moscow in the family of artists of the Moscow Art Theatre Boris Dobronravov (1896–1949) and Maria Yulievna Dobronravova (1900–1964). She studied at the Moscow Art Theatre School (1950–1952) at the Moscow Art Theatre named after Maxim Gorky. In 1954 she graduated from the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute (artistic director - Anna Orochko). After education Dobronravova joined the troupe of the Vakhtangov Academic Theater. Actress made her film debut in A Big Family (1954) and won Best Acting Award at 1955 Cannes Film Festival as part of ensemble. She's known for many roles in films, television and stage productions.

Elena Borisovna Dobronravova died on January 24, 1999. She was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery near her parents.
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves. It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses to and from it, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons.

Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon. An axon is the long stem-like part of the cell that sends action potentials to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves in the PNS and tracts in the CNS.

Functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.

Interneuron
Interneurons (also called internuncial neurons,  association neurons, connector neurons, or intermediate neurons) are neurons that are not specifically motor neurons or sensory neurons.  Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS). They play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal oscillations, and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.

Interneurons can be further broken down into two groups: local interneurons and relay interneurons. Local interneurons have short axons and form circuits with nearby neurons to analyze small pieces of information. Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.
Ústrašice
Ústrašice is a municipality and village in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Ústrašice lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Tábor, 44 km (27 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 86 km (53 mi) south of Prague.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Czech koruna
The koruna, or crown (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Czech: koruna česká), has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's seven currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro in the future.

The official name in Czech is koruna česká (plural koruny české, though the zero-suffixed genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One crown is made up of 100 hellers (abbreviated as "h", official name in Czech: singular: haléř, nominative plural: haléře, genitive plural: haléřů – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but hellers have now been withdrawn from circulation, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.

Null morpheme
In morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It is a concept useful for analysis, by contrasting null morphemes with alternatives that do have some phonetic realization. The null morpheme is represented as either the figure zero (0) or the empty set symbol ∅.

In most languages, it is the affixes that are realized as null morphemes, indicating that the derived form does not differ from the stem. For example, plural form sheep can be analyzed as combination of sheep with added null affix for the plural. The process of adding a null affix is called null affixation, null derivation or zero derivation.  The concept was first used by the 4th century BCE Sanskrit grammarian from ancient India, Pāṇini, in his Sanskrit grammar.
Mark Morton (rugby union)
Mark Fairles Morton (24 May 1910 – 17 July 1994) was an Australian international rugby union player.

Born in Nowra, Morton was the son of politician Mark Morton Sr, a long–serving member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. His maternal uncle was state premier George Fuller.

Morton was educated at The King's School and the University of Sydney, where he studied law. He played rugby for the university, gaining five blues during the early 1930s, and toured New Zealand with an Australian Universities representative side. In 1932, Morton was in the New South Wales team that faced the touring All Blacks.

A hooker, Morton gained Wallabies selection in 1933 as an understudy to Eddie Bonis on that year's tour of South Africa. He did not get an opportunity against the Springboks, instead restricted to six uncapped tour matches.

1933 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa
The 1933 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa and Rhodesia was a series of 23 rugby union matches played by the Australia national team in 1933.

Australia played a total of 23 matches, with a 5-Test series v South Africa, who won three of the five games.
2008 California Proposition 3
Proposition 3, the Children's Hospital Bond Act of 2008, is a law that was enacted by California voters by means of the initiative process. It is a bond issue that authorizes $980 million in bonds, to be repaid from state's General Fund, to fund the construction, expansion, remodeling, renovation, furnishing and equipping of children's hospitals.  The annual payment on the debt authorized by the initiative is approximately $64 million a year. Altogether, the measure would cost about $1.9 billion over 30 years out of California's general fund.

The initiative was presented to the Attorney-General's office in July 2007 and the measure was put to a vote as part of the 4 November 2008 state elections. It now forms Part 6.1 of the Health and Safety Code.

A smaller, but similar, bond measure for hospitals, Proposition 61, was approved by voters in 2004, totalling $750 million. As of June 1, 2008, about $403 million (just over half the total sum) had been spent.

2008 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 4, 2008. Among the elections taking place were those for the office of President of the United States, all the seats of California's delegation to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all of the odd-numbered seats of the State Senate. Twelve propositions also appeared on the ballot. Numerous local elections also took place throughout the state.
Kailashahar Assembly constituency
Kailashahar Legislative Assembly constituency is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Tripura state in India.

It is part of Unakoti district. As of 2023, it is represented by Birajit Sinha of the Indian National Congress party.

Birajit Sinha
Birajit Sinha is the Congress Legislative Party Leader of Tripura Legislative Assembly  and a well known politician from Tripura, India representing Kailashahar as an MLA for 6th term in Tripura Legislative Assembly
Dun Mountain
Dun Mountain is a mountain in the Richmond Range near the city of Nelson in the Tasman District of New Zealand's South Island. It is located between the catchments of the Pelorus, Maitai and Roding Rivers. The mountain is named for its brown (Dun) colour. The colour is caused by the ultramafic rock which forms the mountain. Ultramafic Rock weathers to this colour and plant growth is also stunted due to the soils high heavy metal content. The ultramafic rock formed in the Earth's mantle in the Permian and is now part of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt.

In 1859 the rock type dunite was first identified on the mountain and named after it. Between 1850 and 1865 small deposits of chromite and copper were mined on the mountain leading to the building of New Zealand's first railway.

Pelorus River
Te Hoiere / Pelorus River is a river at the northern end of South Island of New Zealand in the region of Marlborough. It flows from the Richmond Range into Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere. This area is fantastic for camping and is renowned for its magnificent river swimming where the Pelorus River runs through a gorge at Pelorus Bridge.

At Pelorus Bridge Scenic Reserve, the river was used as a film locations for the barrel rider scene in The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, which increased the area's popularity for river rafting.

In August 2014, the river's name was officially altered to Te Hoiere / Pelorus River, reviving the Māori name for this waterway.
Hailang River
The Hailang River (Chinese: 海浪河; pinyin: Hǎilàng Hé) is a left-bank tributary of the Mudan River in Northeast China. It starts from Haiyuan Tree Farm, Dunhua, Jilin Province, runs 222.3 kilometres through Hailin City and empties into the Mudan River at southwestern Mudanjiang City. The lower course of the Hailang River is fertile soil and ample products in Hailin City.

Hailin
Hailin (Chinese: 海林; pinyin: Hǎilín) is a county-level city, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang, in the southeast of Heilongjiang province, China, bordering Jilin province to the southwest. It has an area of 8,816 km2 (3,404 sq mi), and a population of 422,000 (as reported in 2012). Ethnic groups include the majority Han Chinese as well as significant numbers of Manchu and ethnic Koreans.
Carabayo language
The Carabayo (Caraballo) language is a poorly documented language spoken by the Carabayo people, also known as Yuri and Aroje, an uncontacted Amazonian people of Colombia living in at least three longhouses, one of several suspected uncontacted peoples living along the Rio Puré (now the Río Puré National Park) in the southeastern corner of the country. They are known as the Aroje to the Bora people. Maku and Macusa are pejorative Arawak terms applied to many local languages, not anything specific to Carabayo. The name "Carabayo" is taken from a mock name, "Bernardo Caraballo", given to a Carabayo man during his captivity in the Capuchin mission at La Pedrera in 1969 after the Colombian boxer. It has been reported that their self-designation is Yacumo.

Arawakan languages
Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper), also known as Maipurean (also Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre), is a language family spoken among various Indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Most present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, with the exceptions of Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock.
NHK Sendai Broadcasting Station
The NHK Sendai Broadcasting Station (NHK仙台放送局, NHK Sendai Hōsō Kyoku) is a unit of the NHK that oversees terrestrial broadcasting in Miyagi Prefecture. It is the head station of NHK's Tohoku block, which has jurisdiction over the six prefectures of the Tohoku region.

The callsigns used are JOHK and JOHB.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
André Matsoua
André Grenard Matswa (Matsoua in French; 17 January 1899 – 13 January 1942) was a Congolese anti-colonial activist of Lari descent who was born near Manzakala-Kinkala in then Middle Congo. A influential figure in Congolese politics pre-independence, he inspired a messianic cult, Matswanism or Matsouanism, which emerged in the French Equatorial African capital, Brazzaville.

French Congo
The French Congo (French: Congo français), also known as Middle Congo (French: Moyen-Congo), was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo and parts of Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In 1910, it was made part of the larger French Equatorial Africa.

The modern Republic of the Congo is considered French Congo's successor state, having virtually identical borders, and having inherited rights to sovereignty and independence from France through the dissolution of French Equatorial Africa in the late 1950s.
Live Sentence
Live Sentence is a 1984 live album by American heavy metal band Alcatrazz, and the only live album featuring the band's original lineup. The live concert recorded for the album was performed on January 28, 1984, at Nakano Sun Plaza in Tokyo. In addition to tracks from Alcatrazz's debut album, No Parole from Rock 'n" Roll, the album includes performances by Alcatrazz of songs from the Rainbow album Down to Earth recorded and released when Graham Bonnet, Alcatrazz's singer and primary lyricist, was the lead singer of Rainbow. According to Billboard, the album spent 16 weeks on the chart and peaked at No. 133.

Nakano Sunplaza
Nakano Sunplaza (中野サンプラザ, Nakano Sanpuraza) was a Japanese concert hall and hotel complex located in Nakano, Tokyo. It opened in 1973 and closed in 2023. The future of the complex is uncertain, with further plans likely coming in March 2026.
Corradino prison
The Corradino prison, officially known as the Corradino Correctional Facility (Maltese: Faċilità Korrettiva ta' Kordin) is a prison located in Paola, Malta. It is Malta’s largest and main correctional facility; hosting different sections for males, females, and children. The prison takes its name from the hill of Corradino, named after Conradin of Swabia, king of Sicily who in the 13th century also dominated the Maltese archipelago. It is located 5 km from the capital Valletta and currently houses 700 inmates as of 2023, with half awaiting trial. The facility is also a Grade 1 scheduled asset near significant heritage sites, such as the Corradino Lines and Kordin III Temple.

Conradin
Conrad III (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (German: Konradin, Italian: Corradino), was the last direct heir of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was Duke of Swabia (1254–1268) and nominal King of Jerusalem (1254–1268) and Sicily (1254–1258). After his attempt to reclaim the Kingdom of Sicily for the Hohenstaufen dynasty failed, he was captured and beheaded.
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It is a four-carbon dimer of ethylene glycol. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. DEG is a widely used solvent. It can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant. DEG has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products. Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.
Sieker
Sieker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lamartine Pemberton Sieker Jr. (1848–1914), American lawman

Edward Armon Sieker (1853–1901), American lawman

William F. Sieker (1849–1930), American farmer and politician

William F. Sieker
William F. Sieker (January 28, 1849 – August 28, 1930) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, Sieker emigrated with his parents to the United States and settled on a farm, near the unincorporated  community of Franklin, in the town of Herman, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. Sieker was a farmer and would teach school during the winter. He served as Herman Town Clerk and as Herman Town Board Chairman. Sieker served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1895 and 1897 and was a Republican. Sieker died at his home near Franklin.
Hack Forums
Hack Forums (often shortened to 'HF') is an Internet forum dedicated to discussions related to hacker culture and computer security. The website ranked as the number one website in the "Hacking" category in terms of web traffic by the analysis company Alexa Internet. The website has been widely reported as facilitating online criminal activity, such as the case of Zachary Shames, who was arrested for selling keylogging software on Hack Forums in 2013 which was used to steal personal information.

Web traffic
Web traffic is the data sent and received by visitors to a website. Since the mid-1990s, web traffic has been the largest portion of Internet traffic. Sites monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic to see which parts or pages of their site are popular and if there are any apparent trends, such as one specific page being viewed mostly by people in a particular country. There are many ways to monitor this traffic, and the gathered data is used to help structure sites, highlight security problems or indicate a potential lack of bandwidth.

Not all web traffic is welcomed.
Some companies offer advertising schemes that, in return for increased web traffic (visitors), pay for screen space on the site.

Sites also often aim to increase their web traffic through inclusion on search engines and through search engine optimization.
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the winter of 219–220 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces, led by Lü Meng, invaded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province, which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan. The campaign occurred after the Battle of Fancheng and concluded with victory for Sun Quan's forces, who completely captured all of Liu Bei's territories. Guan Yu, Liu Bei's general guarding those territories, was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. The fall of Jing Province and Guan Yu's death provided the trigger for the Battle of Xiaoting between Liu Bei and Sun Quan between 221 and 222.

Chibi, Hubei
Chibi (Chinese: 赤壁; pinyin: Chìbì) is a county-level city in southeastern Hubei province, China. Neighboring Wuhan in the north and Yueyang in the south, Chibi is called the "South Gate of Hubei". It is under the administration of Xianning prefecture-level city. Chibi was called Puqi (蒲圻; Púqí) until 11 June 1998, when the State Council approved its renaming to "Chibi" since it was alleged as the site of the famous Battle of Chibi that took place in the winter of 208/9 CE.

Chibi has an area of 1,723 square kilometres (665 sq mi) and a population of 470,355 as of 2020.
Comac
31°05′51″N 121°51′09″E﻿ / ﻿31.09750°N 121.85250°E﻿ / 31.09750; 121.85250

The Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (Comac, sometimes stylized as COMAC, Chinese: 中国商用飞机有限责任公司) is a Chinese state-owned aerospace manufacturer established on 11 May 2008 in Shanghai. Their headquarters is in Pudong, Shanghai. The company has a registered capital of RMB 19 billion (US$2.7 billion as of May 2008). The corporation is a designer and constructor of large passenger aircraft with capacities of over 150 passengers.

The first aircraft marketed by Comac is the ARJ21 regional jet, which was developed by China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I).  This was followed by the C919 narrow-body aircraft, which can seat up to 168 passengers and made its maiden flight in 2017, entering into commercial service in March 2023.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".