hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plane of incidence
In describing reflection and refraction in optics, the plane of incidence (also called the incidence plane or the meridional plane) is the plane which contains the surface normal and the propagation vector of the incoming radiation. (In wave optics, the latter is the k-vector, or wavevector, of the incoming wave.)

When reflection is specular, as it is for a mirror or other shiny surface, the reflected ray also lies in the plane of incidence; when refraction also occurs, the refracted ray lies in the same plane. The condition of co-planarity among incident ray, surface normal, and reflected ray (refracted ray) is known as the first law of reflection (first law of refraction, respectively).

Physical optics
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the sub-branch of coherence theory.
The Secret Kingdom (novel)
The Secret Kingdom is a 1938 novel by the British writer Walter Greenwood. Like his best-known novel Love on the Dole it is set in Salford. It portrays the working-class socialist Byron family, and particularly the eldest daughter Paula who tries to establish an independent identity after finding working a parlour maid. She encounters Bert Treville in nearby Manchester and the two begin a courtship. After his death due to heavy drinking, she brings up her son Lance as a single-mother, throwing her effort into her talented child she is vindicated when he emerges as a talented concert pianist - performing on national radio in the final scene.

Maid
A maid, housemaid, or maidservant is a female domestic worker. In the Victorian era, domestic service was the second-largest category of employment in England and Wales, after agricultural work. In developed Western nations, full-time maids are now typically only found in the wealthiest households. In other parts of the world (mainly within the continent of Asia), maids remain common in urban middle-class households.

Maid in Middle English meant an unmarried woman, especially a young one, or specifically a virgin.  These meanings lived on in English until recent times (and are still familiar from literature and folk music), alongside the sense of the word as a type of servant.
Cesanese Comune
Cesanese Comune (more commonly known as just Cesanese) is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Lazio region. The grape has three Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) regions dedicated to it-Cesanese di Affile DOC, Cesanese di Olevano DOC and Cesanese di Piglio DOC. Cesanese di Affile appears to be a distinct sub-variety of Cesanese Comune unique to the commune of Affile. (much like Brunello is a unique clone of Sangiovese unique to commune of Montalcino) There are noticeable differences between Cesanese Comune and the grapes found in Cesanese di Affile, including the size of the grape berry itself. The sub-variety Cesanese d'Affile is considered to be of superior quality of Cesanese Comune and is used as minor ingredient in the Tuscan cult wine Trinoro. The grape has very old origins, and may have been used in Roman winemaking. Today it is rarely seen outside of the Lazio.

Brunello di Montalcino
Brunello di Montalcino is a red DOCG Italian wine produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino, in the province of Siena, located about 80 km south of Florence, in the Tuscan wine region. Brunello, a diminutive of bruno (lit. 'brown'), is the name that was given locally to what was believed to be an individual grape variety grown in Montalcino. In 1879 the province of Siena's Amphelographic Commission determined, after a few years of controlled experiments, that Sangiovese and Brunello were the same grape variety, and that the former should be its designated name. In Montalcino the name Brunello evolved into the designation of the wine produced with 100% Sangiovese.

In 1980, Brunello di Montalcino was among the four wines awarded the first denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG) designation. Today it is one of Italy's best-known and most expensive wines.
2012–13 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The 2012–13 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  The Bruins competed in the Pac-12 Conference and were led by head coach Ben Howland. Prior to the start of the season, the Bruins took a Goodwill Tour of China in late August. The Bruins reopened the newly renovated Pauley Pavilion on November 9, 2012 in front of a then record crowd of 13,513. On March 9, 2013, the Bruins clinched the regular season championship of the Pac-12 Conference by defeating Washington, 61–54, to finish conference play with a record of 13–5. They were seeded as the No. 1 team in the Pac-12 Conference tournament in Las Vegas. They were defeated by Oregon in the championship game. A week later, the Bruins were eliminated in the second round of the 2013 NCAA tournament by Minnesota 83–63 to finish the season 25–10.

After the season, on March 25, 2013, coach Ben Howland was fired by UCLA.

2013 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2013 Pacific Life Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament was played March 13–16 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The UCLA Bruins, regular season champions, were named as the No. 1 seed team. Oregon won the tournament and received an automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament. Oregon defeated UCLA for the tournament championship.
Andrea Ávila
Andrea Verónica Ávila (born April 4, 1970, in Villa Carlos Paz) is a retired long and triple jumper from Argentina.

Ávila won two medals at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina. She competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for her native country, starting in 1996.

Villa Carlos Paz
Villa Carlos Paz (locally [ˈbiʝa ˈkaɾlos ˈpas]) is a city in the center-north of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, in the south of the Punilla Valley, lying on the western slope of the Sierras Chicas. It has a population of about 56,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC]. The area of Punilla is a major tourist destination on the national level, and Villa Carlos Paz is in turn the most important city of Punilla, favoured by its closeness (36 km (22 mi)) to the populous Córdoba City, the capital of the province. Popular tourist activities include bathing in one of the many rivers, fishing, evening shows, kite surfing, windsurfing, hiking and mountain biking.
Norm Snead
Norman Bailey Snead (July 31, 1939 – January 14, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, and San Francisco 49ers. He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons and was the second overall selection of the 1961 NFL draft.

1961 NFL draft
The 1961 NFL draft took place at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia on December 27–28, 1960. The league would later hold an expansion draft for the Minnesota Vikings expansion franchise. This draft was also the first regular draft for the Dallas Cowboys as they had only participated in the 1960 NFL expansion draft that year.

The Cowboys held the worst record in the NFL the previous season, but selected second in this draft because the expansion Vikings were awarded the first overall pick. The Vikings used that pick to select running back Tommy Mason.
Greyhound Bus Depot (Columbia, South Carolina)
The Greyhound Bus Depot is a former Greyhound Lines intercity bus station in Columbia, South Carolina. It is at 1220 Blanding Street in downtown Columbia. The depot was named to the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 1989.  After the bus terminal was closed, the building became a bank. Currently, it is a physician's office.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
Washington Gold House
Washington Gold House, also known as "Mountain View" Farm, is a historic home located near Gerrardstown, Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1854 and is a two-story,L-shaped brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style.  The house is in two sections; the front section is five bays wide and the rear section four bays deep.  The front facade features a Victorian entrance porch added about 1890.  Also on the property is a carriage house (c. 1890) and small long cabin, known as the Rippey cabin (c. 1760) for the original owner.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Berkeley County, West Virginia
Berkeley County is located in the Shenandoah Valley in the eastern panhandle region of West Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 122,076, making it the second-most populous of West Virginia's 55 counties, behind Kanawha County. The City of Martinsburg is the county seat.
Ethel, Ontario
Ethel is a hamlet located in northern Huron County, Ontario, Canada. It has a population of nearly two hundred. It is in the municipality of Huron East in the Grey Ward, formerly Grey Township. Ethel is home to the Grey Township Fire Department, the Ethel Community Hall, the former Ethel United Church, Ethel Mennonite Church, the Ethel Ball Park and North Woods Elementary School.

North Woods Elementary School (formerly Grey Central Public School) is located just to the south of Ethel and educates students from junior kindergarten to grade six. North Woods property includes extensive Environmental Learning Grounds, which includes a beaver dam, trails, and a butterfly garden. The school falls under the jurisdiction of the Avon Maitland District School Board.

Avon Maitland District School Board
The Avon Maitland District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 8 prior to 1999) administers public school education in Huron and Perth Counties, including the city of Stratford, in southern Ontario.

Secondary school enrollment and Fraser Institute provincial rankings are as follows:

Roman Catholic education in the area is administered by the Huron Perth Catholic District School Board.
Royal Automobile Club of Spain
The Royal Automobile Club of Spain, Spanish: Real Automóvil Club de España (RACE) is a motor club/car club in Spain.

It is the Spanish equivalent of the American Automobile Association (AAA) in the United States of America, or the Automobile Association (AA) in the United Kingdom or the ANWB in the Netherlands.

The club was formed in 1903 to provide roadside service to drivers in Spain. Along with other European automobile clubs RACE formed ARC Europe to provide reciprocal and cross border business services.

RACE is a member of the Alliance Internationale de Tourisme.

The AA
AA Limited, trading as The AA, is a British motoring association.

Founded in 1905, it provides vehicle insurance, driving lessons, breakdown cover, loans, motoring advice, road maps and other services. The association demutualised in 1999, to become a private limited company, and from 2014 a public limited company (PLC). In 2002 the AA Motoring Trust was created to continue its public interest and road safety activities.

In 2021, a consortium led by Tower Brook Capital Partners and Warburg Pincus completed the acquisition of AA Limited (formerly known as AA PLC).
Mictis profana
Mictis profana is a species of insect in the family Coreidae known by the common names crusader bug and holy cross bug. It is distributed in Australia, Indonesia, and the Indo-Pacific.

The insect can be seen in most habitat types, from urban areas to the coastal heath, except for the desert.

Coreidae
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera.  The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bug.

As a family, the Coreidae are cosmopolitan, but most of the species are tropical or subtropical.
Richard Utaegbulam
Christianity portal

Richard Utaegbulam (1904-1968) was an Anglican priest.

Utaegbulam was born in Umuezeala and educated at St Paul's College, Awka. He was ordained in 1941 He served at Umuahia, Bonny and Aba.
He became a Canon Residentiary at St. Michael, Aba in 1953; and its Archdeacon in 1960. He was leader of the movement to create a separate Diocese of Aba, now a reality.  Utaegbulam died in Umuahia Hospital.

He was trained partly at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford (1956–57).

Bonny, Nigeria
Bonny (originally Okoloama) is a traditional, coastal town and local government area (LGA) in Rivers State in Southern Nigeria, on the Bight of Bonny. It is also the capital of the Kingdom of Bonny.

The region produces a type of crude oil known as Bonny Light oil. Much of the oil extracted onshore in Rivers State is piped to Bonny for export. It has the biggest LNG gas plant in Nigeria, with six trains. Currently, the Federal Government of Nigeria has set plans for the construction of the seventh train of the NLNG to boost its gas production in anticipation of dominating the African market.

Bonny has a bridge being constructed from Bodo in Gokana LGA (also in Rivers State) to enable land transportation. A deep seaport is underway as a corporate social responsibility project from CCECC.
James Milligan (singer)
James Milligan (5 April 1928 – 28 November 1961, Basel) was a Canadian singer who appeared in concerts and operas from the early 1950s until his death in 1961 at the age of 33. In the year of his death he achieved a major triumph at the Bayreuth Festival as Wotan, a.k.a. "The Wanderer", in Richard Wagner's Siegfried for which he achieved international fame. In 1957 he won first prize at the Geneva International Music Competition. His voice type has been variously labeled as either a baritone, dramatic baritone, bass-baritone, and a bass. Standing at nearly 6 foot 6 inches and possessing a trim athletic build, Milligan was visually striking on stage. This aspect in combination with a charismatic stage personality captivated audiences at theaters in Canada and Europe. His voice is preserved on several recordings made with the English conductor Malcolm Sargent for the EMI record label, and on several recordings made with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and Toronto Mendelssohn Choir.

Theater Basel
Theater Basel is the municipal theatre of the city of Basel, Switzerland, which is home to the city's opera and ballet companies. The theatre also presents  plays and musicals in addition to operas and operettas.

Because the theatre does not have its own orchestra, the Basel Symphony Orchestra is usually contracted to perform for opera and ballet productions as needed. For baroque-opera productions, La Cetra, the baroque orchestra of the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, is engaged.
Northwestern Media
Northwestern Media is the Christian radio ministry of the University of Northwestern – St. Paul, an evangelical university in Roseville, Minnesota. Northwestern Media operates three radio networks serving listeners primarily in the Midwestern United States: the Life Network, a Christian adult contemporary music station; the Faith Network, with Christian talk and teaching programs; and Spirit FM, also playing Christian adult contemporary music.

Roseville, Minnesota
Roseville is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of two Twin Cities suburbs that border both Saint Paul and Minneapolis (Lauderdale is the other). The population was 36,254 at the 2020 census.
Transition metal NHC complex
In coordination chemistry, a transition metal NHC complex is a metal complex containing one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands.  Such compounds are the subject of much research, in part because of prospective applications in homogeneous catalysis.  One such success is the second generation Grubbs catalyst.

Historically, N-heterocyclic carbenes were thought to mimic properties of tertiary phosphines.  Many steric and electronic differences exist between the two ligands. Compared to phosphine ligands, NHC ligands' cone angle is more complex. The imidazole ring of the NHC ligand is angled away from the metal center, yet the substituents at the 1,3 positions of the imidazole ring are angled towards it. The presence of the ligand inside of the metal coordination sphere affects the metal reactivity. In terms of electronic effects, NHC often show stronger sigma donation.

Organophosphine
Organophosphines are organophosphorus compounds with the formula PRnH3−n, where R is an organic substituent.  These compounds can be classified according to the value of n: primary phosphines (n = 1), secondary phosphines (n = 2), tertiary phosphines (n = 3). All adopt pyramidal structures. Organophosphines are generally colorless, lipophilic liquids or solids.  The parent of the organophosphines is phosphine (PH3).
Objectif Mars
Objectif Mars is a steel multi-launched spinning coaster located at Futuroscope in Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France. The coaster combines elements of a dark ride and educational technology in order to simulate a daring training session and mission to Mars. It can accommodate children as young as 5–6 years old, provided that they meet the 1.1-metre (43 in) height requirement. Following an April 2023 incident in which part of the train combusted into flames, the spinning cars function was removed from the coaster. As of August 2025, the spinning cars have returned.

Chasseneuil-du-Poitou
Chasseneuil-du-Poitou (French pronunciation: [ʃasnœj dy pwatu], literally Chasseneuil of Poitou) is a commune in the Vienne department, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, western France.

It lies 7 km north of the centre of Poitiers. Its inhabitants are called the Chasseneuillais.

Chasseneuil-du-Poitou is the home of the Parc du Futuroscope, and the Technopole du Futuroscope, making up part of the École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique de Poitiers (English: Poitiers' National superior school of mechanics and aeronautics).

Former French Prime Minister and Senator Jean-Pierre Raffarin served as assistant to the Mayor between 1995 and 2001.
Julia Wong (film editor)
Julia Wong is an American film editor best known for her diverse body of work on blockbusters like X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) and Hercules (2014); comedies like The Pink Panther 2 (2009), Extract (2009), Unpregnant (2020), and Hocus Pocus 2 (2022); thrillers like Child's Play (2019); and the musical remake of Valley Girl (2020).

In film school, she won the Eddie Award for Best Student Editing from American Cinema Editors (ACE). After two decades in film and television, Wong has become a member of ACE as well as the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. She won a Satellite Award for Best Film Editing on X-Men: The Last Stand, which she co-edited with Mark Helfrich and Mark Goldblatt. And she has been a guest speaker on panels for ACE, the Motion Picture Editors Guild, and the Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival (LAAPFF).

Unpregnant
Unpregnant is a 2020 American female buddy road comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg, based on the novel of the same name by Ted Caplan and Jenni Hendriks. It stars Haley Lu Richardson and Barbie Ferreira, with Alex MacNicoll, Breckin Meyer, Giancarlo Esposito, Sugar Lyn Beard, and Betty Who.

The film follows a pregnant teenager, Veronica (Richardson), who discovers that she cannot get an abortion in her home state of Missouri without her parents' permission and subsequently convinces her former friend Bailey (Ferreira) to take a road trip with her to Albuquerque so she can get one there.

It was released on September 10, 2020, by HBO Max.
2007 Polaris Music Prize
The 2007 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 24, 2007, at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto.

The winning album was Patrick Watson's Close to Paradise.

According to CBC News, "finalists were drawn from submissions by more than 170 music journalists, reviewers and broadcasters across Canada."

Miracle Fortress
Miracle Fortress is a Canadian indie rock band based in Montreal, Quebec. The band's studio work is primarily a solo, project of songwriter Graham Van Pelt, who is accompanied by the rest of the band during live shows.
Sargis Tmogveli
Sargis Tmogveli (Armenian: Սարգիս Թմոգվեցի, romanized: Sargis Tmogvec'i Georgian: სარგის თმოგველი), Sargis of Tmogvi or Sargis I Vahramian (Armenian: Սարգիս Ա Վահրամյան, romanized: Sargis A Vahramyan) was a 12th-13th century Armenian and Georgian statesman and writer active during the reign of Queen Tamar (c. 1184-1213). Sargis, son of Varam, belonged to the Tmogveli branch of the powerful Mkhargrdzeli family and owned estates in Tmogvi.

Tmogveli rendered the old Iranian love story Vīs and Rāmīn (written by Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani) into Georgian prose; this Georgian version of the Persian original became known as Visramiani.

Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani, also spelled as Fakhraddin Asaad Gorgani (Persian: فخرالدين اسعد گرگانی), was an 11th-century poet. He versified the tale of Vis and Rāmin, a story from the Arsacid (Parthian) period. The Iranian scholar Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, however, disagrees with this view, and concludes that the story has its origins in the 5th-century Sasanian era. Besides Vis and Rāmin, he composed other forms of poetry. For example, some of his quatrains are recorded in the Nozhat al-Majales.
Scythris mesoplecta
Scythris mesoplecta is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Namibia and South Africa (Eastern Cape).

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are whitish-ochreous, slightly greyish-tinged towards the costa except posteriorly and with an oblique dark grey streak from the dorsum beyond the middle reaching to the fold. There is some dark grey irroration on the end of the fold. The hindwings are grey, darker towards the apex.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.