hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soyuz-L
The Soyuz-L (Russian: Союз, lit. 'union', GRAU index: 11A511L) was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Samara, Russia. It was created to test the LK lunar lander in low Earth orbit, as part of the Soviet lunar programme.

The Soyuz-L was a derivative of the original Soyuz rocket featuring the reinforced first stage and boosters supporting the Molniya-M's third stage, so that it could carry a more massive payload. A larger payload fairing was also fitted, to accommodate the LK spacecraft. The Soyuz-L was only launched three times between 1970 and 1971, all successful. The later Soyuz-U used a similar configuration to the Soyuz-L.

Expendable launch system
An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are destroyed during reentry or impact with Earth, or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket stages that are discarded sequentially as their fuel is exhausted and the vehicle gains altitude and speed. As of 2024, fewer and fewer satellites and human spacecraft are launched on ELVs in favor of reusable launch vehicles. However, there are many instances where a ELV may still have a compelling use case over a reusable vehicle. ELVs are simpler in design than reusable launch systems and therefore may have a lower production cost. Furthermore, an ELV can use its entire fuel supply to accelerate its payload, offering greater payloads. ELVs are a proven technology in widespread use for many decades.
Marco Ladner
Marco Ladner (born 22 April 1998 in Zams) is an Austrian freestyle skier, specializing in halfpipe.

Ladner competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Austria. He placed 19th in the qualifying round in the halfpipe, failing to advance.

He made his World Cup debut in August 2012. As of April 2014, his best World Cup finish is 9th, at Calgary in 2013–14. His best World Cup overall finish in halfpipe is 24th, in 2013–14.

Ladner also competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics.

Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's halfpipe
The men's halfpipe event in freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia took place 18 February 2014. In April 2011 freestyle halfpipe was added to the Olympic program, meaning the event will make its debut.
William Maunsell
William Maunsell  (born in Limerick 1 October 1729  – died Thorpe Malsor 22 March 1818) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the second half of the 18th and first decades of the 19th centuries, most notably Archdeacon of Kildare from 1772 until his death.

Maunsell was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and was  appointed Precentor of Kildare Cathedral in 1766.

He married Lucy Oliver in 1780 and his second son was William Maunsell (Archdeacon of Limerick) (1782-1860)

Precentor
A precentor is a person who helps facilitate worship. The details vary depending on the religion, denomination, and era in question. The Latin derivation is præcentor, from cantor, meaning "the one who sings before" (or alternatively, "first singer").
Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relatively cheap and suitable for a range of uses, and by the mid-19th century it was common as a structural material (and sometimes for entire buildings), and particularly for elaborately patterned architectural elements such as fences and balconies, until it fell out of fashion after 1900 as a decorative material, and was replaced by modern steel and concrete for structural purposes.

Schlossbrücke
Schlossbrücke (German: Schloßbrücke) is a bridge in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. Built between 1821 and 1824 according to plans designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, it was named after the nearby City Palace (Stadtschloss). The bridge marks the eastern end of the Unter den Linden boulevard.

The monumental figures on the three-arched bridge were created to commemorate the Wars of Liberation. They depict warriors and goddesses of victory and reference the statues of generals and reliefs of Victory at the Neue Wache. After the Second World War, the damaged bridge was restored, and the removed figures were reinstalled in 1983–1984.
Institut aéronautique et spatial
Institut aéronautique et spatial (IAS) is the French aeronautical industry's education coordinator. IAS was created in 1980 and is located in Toulouse. It is directly under the supervision of GIFAS (French Aerospace Industries Association) international committee. IAS’members are the major aeronautics & space companies such as EADS Group, Safran Group, Thales Group, Dassault Aviation, Airbus, Eurocopter, and the aerospace equipment group, including SME’s. IAS is member of Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies.

Thales Group
Thales S.A., trading as Thales Group (French pronunciation: [talɛs]), is a French multinational aerospace and defence corporation specialising in electronics.

It designs, develops and manufactures a wide variety of aerospace and military systems, devices and equipment but also operates in the cybersecurity and formerly civil ground transportation sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' business district, La Défense, and its stock is listed on Euronext Paris.

Founded as Thomson-CSF in 1968, the group was rebranded Thales in 2000 due to the company's desire to simplify and improve the group's brand.

Thales is partially owned by the French state and operates in more than 68 countries. In 2023, the company generated €18,42 billion in revenue and was the 17th largest defence contractor in the world, with 53% of its total revenue generated from its military activities.
Cochetopa Creek
Cochetopa Creek is a stream in Saguache and Gunnison counties in Colorado, United States. It rises on San Luis Peak in the La Garita Mountains. It merges with Tomichi Creek near the town of Parlin, Colorado, along Highway 50.

The creek flows through the Cochetopa Caldera in the San Juan volcanic field and through Cochetopa Canyon along Colorado State Highway 114.

Colorado State Highway 114
State Highway 114 (SH 114) is a 61.7 mi (99.3 km) long state highway in southern central Colorado. SH 114's western terminus is at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) east of Gunnison, and the eastern terminus is at US 285 in Saguache.
Landrus, Pennsylvania
Landrus is an abandoned town in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, which formerly existed as a lumber and coal mining town. Its land currently is within the Tioga State Forest near Bear Run Trail and Babb Creek. Landrus has a population of 0 and was abandoned between 1910 and 1915 after being founded in 1882 as a sawmill town. At its peak, Landrus likely reached a maximum population of around 100 and was also likely the location of the world's first electric powered coal mine. Landrus, settled where nothing but forest was previously, was so named after Henry J. Landrus, manager of the Blossburg Coal Company.

Babb Creek
Babb Creek is a 21.7-mile-long (34.9 km) tributary of Pine Creek in Pennsylvania in the United States.

The tributary Stony Fork Creek joins Babb Creek just upstream of the community of Blackwell, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) upstream of Pine Creek.

Babb Creek joins Pine Creek at the community of Blackwell in Tioga County.
Marcel Langer
Marcel Langer (born 16 February 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hannoverscher SC.

He came through the Hannover and Schalke youth systems before signing for Heart of Midlothian in January 2020.

HSC Hannover
Hannoverscher Sport-Club von 1893 e.V., commonly referred to as HSC Hannover in association football and as Hannoverscher SC in handball, is a German sports club from Hanover, Lower Saxony. They are most known for their men's football team, which plays in the Regionalliga Nord, the fourth tier in the German football league system.
Judy Croome
J A Croome is a South African novelist, short story writer, and poet. Born Judy Ann Heinemann on 16 December 1958 in Zvishavane, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), she received a Master of Arts (English) degree from the University of South Africa. She currently lives in Johannesburg. Croome was married to South African tax law scholar, Advocate of the High Court of South Africa and tax author, the late Dr Beric John Croome, who died in April 2019 after a long illness.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
HMS Crispin (R68)
HMS Crispin was a C-class destroyer of the Royal Navy built by J. Samuel White, Cowes between 1944 and 1946. She was originally to have been named HMS Craccher. She was sold to the Pakistan Navy in 1958 and renamed PNS Jahangir. She was scrapped in 1982.

She was the second Royal Navy ship to be named Crispin. The first HMS Crispin was an ocean boarding vessel that was requisitioned in 1940 and sunk in 1941.

C-class destroyer (1943)
The C class was a class of 32 destroyers of the Royal Navy that were launched from 1943 to 1945. The class was built in four flotillas of 8 vessels, the "Ca", "Ch", "Co" and "Cr" groups or sub-classes, ordered as the 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th Emergency Flotillas respectively. The sub-class names are derived from the initial 2 letters of the member ships' names, although the "Ca" class were originally ordered with a heterogeneous mix of traditional destroyer names. A fifth flotilla, the "Ce" or 15th Emergency Flotilla, was planned but were cancelled in favour of the Weapon-class destroyers after only the first two ships had been ordered. The pennant numbers were all altered from "R" superior to "D" superior at the close of World War II; this involved some renumbering to avoid duplications.
MIS AG
MIS AG is a German vendor of corporate performance management software. It was founded in Darmstadt in 1988. Started as a consulting company and reseller of the Applix products, MIS AG developed their own product similar to TM/1. In 1997, MIS AG settled a legal dispute with Applix regarding intellectual property.

MIS DecisionWare is a suite of Business Intelligence software:

MIS Alea – a MOLAP application server

MIS onVision (reporting on the Web)

MIS Plain (reporting in Excel, linked to MIS Alea and Microsoft Analysis Services and SAP B/W)

MIS Common Object Store (storage of users rights and reports)

CubeWare Import Master (ETL)

Bissantz DeltaMiner (Data Mining)

MIS DecisionWare Applications:

MIS Enterprise Planning

MIS Balanced Scorecard

MIS Subsidiary Management

MIS Financial Consolidation

MIS Risk Management

In October 2003, MIS AG was acquired by UK-based Systems Union Group.

In August 2006, Systems Union Group together with MIS AG was acquired by Infor.

Infor
Infor is a multinational company headquartered in New York City that provides industry specific, enterprise software licensed for use on premises or as a service.

As of 2016, Infor's software had 58 million users, and 90,000 corporate customers in 200 countries. Those customers include Bausch & Lomb, Heineken, Flextronics, Wyndham Hotels, Benetton Group, Boskalis, EBSCO, Legacy Health and Best Western International.
Josh Flitter
Joshua Alexander Flitter (born August 25, 1994) is an American actor. He is known for playing Corky in Nancy Drew, Eddie in The Greatest Game Ever Played, and voiced Rudy Kangaroo in the 2008 animated film Horton Hears a Who! and Budderball in the Air Bud film series.

Air Bud (series)
The Air Bud film series (also known as Disney Buddies) is an American film franchise based on a sports-playing Golden Retriever named Buddy, portrayed by Buddy. The franchise began in 1997 with the theatrical release of Air Bud, followed by the theatrical release of Air Bud: Golden Receiver in 1998. Following the box office failure of Golden Receiver, the rest of the films in the series were released in direct-to-video form. The Air Buddies or Disney Buddies spin-off series began in 2006 with the release of Air Buddies and it focuses on the adventures of Buddy's talking Golden Retriever puppies. The franchise features fourteen films (five of which were in the Air Bud series and seven in the Air Buddies series), in addition to two Christmas spin-offs of the Air Buddies series.

Disney Buddies is one of the top direct-to-DVD franchises, behind Disney Fairies at $300 million, with the first 12 films grossing $220 million by March 2014.
Combat medic
A combat medic is responsible for providing emergency medical treatment at a point of wounding in a combat or training environment, as well as primary care and health protection and evacuation from a point of injury or illness. Additionally, medics may also be responsible for the creation, oversight, and execution of long-term patient care plans in consultation with or in the absence of a readily available doctor or advanced practice provider. Combat medics may be used in hospitals and clinics, where they have the opportunity to work in additional roles, such as operating medical and laboratory equipment and performing and assisting with procedures.

Primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically, this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates any additional care the patient may require. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
Nà Hỳ
Nà Hỳ is a commune (xã) and village of the Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.

The Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1661/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the reorganization of commune-level administrative units of Điện Biên Province in 2025 (effective from 16 June 2025). Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Nà Khoa Commune, Nậm Nhừ Commune, Nậm Chua Commune, and Nà Hỳ Commune are reorganized to form a new commune named Nà Hỳ Commune.

Điện Biên province
Điện Biên is a province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is bordered by Lai Châu to the northeast, Sơn La to the southeast, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, to the northwest, and Phongsaly province in Laos to the west. The province covers an area of about 9,540 km2 (3,683 mi2) and as of 2024 it had a population of 656,700 people.
Chanrion Hut
The Chanrion Hut French: (Cabane de Chanrion ) is a mountain hut located in the upper Val de Bagnes in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies in an isolated area south of Lac de Mauvoisin at an altitude of 2,462 metres, at the foot of Pointe d'Otemma. The easiest access is from the north (road to Mauvoisin).

The hut is owned by the Swiss Alpine Club.

Lac de Mauvoisin
Lac de Mauvoisin (French pronunciation: [lak də movwazɛ̃]) is a reservoir in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The reservoir is formed by the Mauvoisin Dam, which is 250 metres (820 ft) high. The dam is the 11th highest in the world, and the 6th highest arch dam. It was built in 1951–1957, and raised by 13.5 metres (44 ft) in 1991.

The reservoir lies in the upper Val de Bagnes, between the massif of the Grand Combin, one of the highest mountains of the Alps, and La Ruinette. The highest peak visible from the lake is the Combin de la Tsessette (4,135 metres (13,566 ft)).
Alexander Halprin
Alexander Halprin (21 March 1868 in Saint Petersburg – 20 May 1921 in Vienna) was a Russian–Austrian chess master.

He took 6th at Vienna 1895/96 (Carl Schlechter and Max Weiss won), lost a match to Kalikst Morawski (+7 –2 =1) at Vienna 1896, tied for 3rd–4th at Vienna 1897/98 (Georg Marco won), took 16th at Vienna 1898 (Siegbert Tarrasch and Harry Pillsbury won), 
Halprin, Marco, and Hugo Fähndrich were the editors of Wiener Schachzeitung which published supplements containing tourney games and notes throughout the whole contest.
He also took 6th at Vienna 1900 (Schlechter won), and took 13th at Munich 1900 (the 12th DSB Congress, Pillsbury, Schlechter and Géza Maróczy won).

Géza Maróczy
Géza Maróczy  (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒroːt͡si ˈɡeːzɒ]; 3 March 1870 – 29 May 1951) was a Hungarian chess player, one of the leading players in the world in his time. He was one of the inaugural recipients of the International Grandmaster title from FIDE in 1950.
Bellingham, Massachusetts
Bellingham (/ˈbɛlɪŋˌhæ̃m/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 16,945 at the 2020 census. The town sits on the southwestern fringe of Metropolitan Boston, along the rapidly growing "outer belt" that is Interstate 495. It is formally a part of the Boston–Cambridge–Quincy metropolitan statistical area, as well as the Providence metropolitan area.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Bellingham, please see the article Bellingham (CDP), Massachusetts.

Franklin, Massachusetts
The Town of Franklin is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Franklin is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for, and been granted, city forms of government but wish to retain "The town of" in their official names. As of 2022, the city's population was 36,745, with a growth rate of 15.38% since 2015. It is home to the country's first public library, the Franklin Public Library with its first books donated by Benjamin Franklin in 1790. It also contains the largest Catholic parish in the Boston Archdiocese, St. Mary's Catholic church, with some 15,000 members.
Daler Mehndi
Daler Singh (born 18 August 1967), better known as Daler Mehndi, is an Indian singer, songwriter, author, and record producer. He has helped to make Bhangra popular worldwide, as well as Indian pop music independent of Bollywood music. He is known for his dance songs, turban, and long flowing robes.

Guru Nanak Gurpurab
Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ (Gurmukhi)), also known as Guru Nanak Prakash Utsav (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਉਤਸਵ) and Guru Nanak Jayanti (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਜਯੰਤੀ), celebrates the birth of the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak. One of the most celebrated and important Sikh gurus and the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak is highly revered by the Sikh community. This is one of the most sacred festivals in Sikhism, or Sikhi. The festivities in the Sikh religion revolve around the anniversaries of the 10 Sikh Gurus. These Gurus were responsible for shaping the beliefs of the Sikhs. Their birthdays, known as Gurpurab, are occasions for celebration and prayer among the Sikhs.

It is one of three Sikh celebrations still calculated using the traditional Bikrami calendar, alongside Vaisakhi and Bandi Chhor Divas, where as the rest are determined now as per the Nanakshahi calendar.
Fernmeldeturm Koblenz
Fernmeldeturm Koblenz is a free standing telecommunications tower on the mountain Kühkopf near Koblenz, Germany. It was built between 1972 and 1976. The Fernmeldeturm Kühkopf is  260.7 m (855.3 ft) high and not accessible to visitors.

The tower transmits two radio programmes via FM: RPR1. (101.5 MHz) and BigFM (104.0 MHz) at 40 kW each. It also transmits two digital radio (DAB+) multiplexes and six digital television (DVB-T2) multiplexes. The public Südwestrundfunk transmits its programmes for the region from the nearby Dieblich-Naßheck transmitter.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Susan Davenny-Wyner
Susan Davenny Wyner (born Susan Davenny, October 17, 1943) is a nationally-acclaimed American conductor based in Massachusetts. Davenny Wyner had a promising career as a soprano, which was ended by an automobile/bicycling accident that damaged her vocal cords.

Erich Leinsdorf
Erich Leinsdorf (born Erich Landauer; February 4, 1912 – September 11, 1993) was an Austrian-born American conductor. He performed and recorded with leading orchestras and opera companies throughout the United States and Europe, earning a reputation for exacting standards as well as an acerbic personality. He also published books and essays on musical matters.
Nativ College Leadership Program
Nativ College Leadership Program is the gap year program in Israel, run by United Synagogue Youth. It includes an academic component in fall semester, travel, and a community service component in spring semester. It is associated with Conservative Judaism.

The program had a record enrollment of 106 participants in 2007, which was prior to the recent recession in the United States. This came at a time of increased enrollment for several gap year programs in Israel, which was attributed by Keith Berman of Young Judaea's Year Course to calm in Israel. Others cited growth in financial aid, and growing acceptance of gap years in general in North America.

Nativ numbers fell 30% with the North American recession in 2008–2009 along with other gap year programs, but recovered in 2009–2010 from 80 to 95 students. David Keren of United Synagogue Youth said that people were getting used to the 2008 financial crisis and that Nativ conducted aggressive marketing.

United Synagogue Youth
United Synagogue Youth (USY) is the youth movement of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ). It was founded in 1951, under the auspices of the Youth Commission of what was then the United Synagogue of America.

USY operates in the United States and Canada, with 350 chapters across 15 regions. Gesher (Hebrew for "Bridge"), formerly known as Kadima, is USY's program for grades 5 to 8 (varies by region).
Rayudu
Rayudu (also spelled as Raidu or Roydoo or Rayalu) is a title used by South Indian Telugu castes such as Kapu/Balija, Velama. Rayudu title is native to Andhra Pradesh state in India. Rayudu is a Telugu name and synonym for the word "Royal". The word "Rayudu" means "king", or "a man with rich background".

Velama
Velama are a Hindu caste found mainly in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The term "Velama" was first recorded for the community in a 17th century inscription. The text "Velugoti Vari Vamsavali" documents the medieval military history of Velama rulers.