hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Post-election pendulum for the 1984 Australian federal election
The Mackerras pendulum as a way of predicting the outcome of an election contested between two major parties in a Westminster style lower house legislature such as the Australian House of Representatives, which is composed of single-member electorates and which uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting.

The pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament for the government, the opposition and the crossbenches according to the percentage point margin they are held by on a two party preferred basis. This is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted.

Percentage point
A percentage point or percent point is the description for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). In written text, the unit (the percentage point) is usually either written out, or abbreviated as pp, p.p., or %pt. to avoid confusion with percentage increase or decrease in the actual quantity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points".
Rawcliffe, East Riding of Yorkshire
Rawcliffe (or Rawcliffe in Snaith) is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England on the border with North Yorkshire. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Goole and 17 miles (27 km) south of York. It lies on the banks of the River Aire just north of the M62 and on the A614 road. Rawcliffe, along with nearby Airmyn, was the location of one of the first reliable reports of the practice of warping in agriculture in the 1730s.

River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 92 miles (148 km) in length. Part of the river below Leeds is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.

The Handbook for Leeds and Airedale (1890) notes that the distance from Malham to Howden is 58 miles (93 km) direct, but the river's meanderings extend that to 90 miles (140 km). Between Malham Tarn and Airmyn, the river drops 1,300 feet (400 m).
Alaska (Fear the Walking Dead)
"Alaska" is the third episode of the sixth season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on October 25, 2020, in the United States.

This episode was directed by Colman Domingo who plays Victor Strand, marking his third episode as a director. This episode also marks the first Fear the  Walking Dead appearance of Christine Evangelista as Sherry, who is credited as a series regular. Evangelista is the third actor from The Walking Dead to join the main cast of Fear the Walking Dead; she last appeared in the seventh season of the original series.

Christine Evangelista
Christine Evangelista (born October 27, 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her supporting role as Sherry in the AMC zombie apocalypse horror television series The Walking Dead, along with her later reprising her role in the spin-off series Fear the Walking Dead and her main role as Megan Morrison West in the E! drama television series The Arrangement.
Trevor O'Hoy
Trever O'Hoy was the President and CEO of Foster's Group from 2004 until 10 June 2008.

He was educated at Monash University, where he obtained a Bachelor of Economics in 1976. He has attended the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program.

He joined Carlton & United Beverages in 1976 as a cadet executive, serving in numerous roles before being appointed managing director in 2002. After being appointed president and CEO of Foster's Group, he was voted Business Review Weekly's most admired new CEO.

O'Hoy also chairs the Fundraising Committee of Monash University.

BRW (magazine)
BRW (formerly Business Review Weekly) was an Australian business magazine published by the Fairfax Media group. The magazine was headquartered in Melbourne. It regularly compiled lists which rank corporations and individuals according to various criteria, similar to Fortune magazine in the United States. BRW provided news and commentary on the economy, business and investment in Australia. The magazine reported on successful business strategies, investments and entrepreneurialism. Cover stories and features concentrated on ways to make money and improve businesses. Each week BRW focused on a sector or topic relevant to business people or investors.
76:14
76:14 is the debut studio album by Global Communication, an English electronic music duo consisting of Tom Middleton and Mark Pritchard. Initially released via Dedicated Records on 1 June 1994, the album has been re-issued a number of times, most recently in 2020.

Dedicated Records
Dedicated was a British independent record label that released music between 1990 and 1998 by Spiritualized, Spacemen 3, Global Communication, Beth Orton (in the U.S.), Chapterhouse, Cranes and others. It was based in London and founded by Doug D'Arcy.

Dedicated were bought by Arista Records who were in turn bought by Sony Music Entertainment.
Cooperation Without Submission: Indigenous Jurisdictions in Native Nation–US Engagements
Cooperation Without Submission: Indigenous Jurisdictions in Native Nation–US Engagements is a 2021 book by American anthropologist Justin B. Richland. Richland investigates the language used during consultations between Native American Tribes and the United States government. Drawing on meetings that show differing views of sovereignty, the book discuss how Tribes assert their nation-to-nation relationships while federal representatives rely on interpretations of federal authority.

Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Historically, classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is based upon cultural regions, geography, and linguistics. Anthropologists have named various cultural regions, with fluid boundaries, that are generally agreed upon with some variation. These cultural regions are broadly based upon the locations of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from early European and African contact beginning in the late 15th century. When Indigenous peoples have been forcibly removed by nation-states, they retain their original geographic classification. Some groups span multiple cultural regions. Peoples can also be classified by genetics, technology, and social structure.
Hanefi Avcı
Hanefi Avcı (born 1956, Kahramanmaraş Province) is a former chief of police in Turkey, and author of the best-selling book Haliç’te Yaşayan Simonlar, in which Avcı claimed that the Gülen movement had infiltrated the police and manipulated key trials such as the Ergenekon trials through judges and prosecutors close to the movement. Avcı, a conservative Islamist, was himself once close to the movement, and his children were educated in a Gülen school. Avcı, who in the 1990s testified to parliament in relation to the Susurluk scandal and in 2009 to prosecutors about the mafia links of the Ergenekon organization, was the first Turkish state official to confirm the existence of the Turkish Gendarmerie's JİTEM intelligence unit.

Shortly after publishing the book, Avcı was arrested, accused of leaking information to the nominally Marxist–Leninist Devrimci Karargâh. Later he was additionally charged with being connected with the Ergenekon organization, in the odatv case.

Kahramanmaraş Province
Kahramanmaraş Province (Turkish: Kahramanmaraş ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey. Its area is 14,520 km2, and its population is 1,177,436 (2022). Its provincial capital is the city of Kahramanmaraş, and the traffic code is 46. In 2023, Its Pazarcık and Elbistan districts were home to the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes causing major damage to the city with 50K+ deaths.
Bruno Lemaitre
Bruno Lemaitre  (French pronunciation: [bʁyno ləmɛtʁ]; born (1965-09-21)21 September 1965 in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science. and a book on the philosophy of Michael Polanyi.

Narcissism
Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others. Named after the Greek mythological figure Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection, narcissism has evolved into a psychological concept studied extensively since the early 20th century, and it has been deemed highly relevant in various societal domains.

Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression. While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who have a personality condition like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where one's narcissistic qualities become pathological, leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability. It has also been discussed in dark triad studies, along with subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism.
William Gallagher (politician)
William James Gallagher (May 13, 1875 – August 13, 1946) was a representative to the U.S. Congress from Minnesota; born in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota; attended the public schools, and was graduated from North High School in 1894; engaged as an editorial employee and proofreader in Minneapolis, MN, in 1895 and 1896; moved to Spokane, Washington, in 1897 and continued his former pursuits with a labor journal until 1899; returned to Minneapolis, and engaged as a trucker and clerk in freight houses until 1919; employed as a street sweeper for Hennepin County 1919–1927 and for the city of Minneapolis, from 1927 until his retirement in 1942; was elected as a Democrat to the 79th congress, and served from January 3, 1945, until his death; had been renominated to the 80th congress in 1946; died in a hospital at Rochester, Minnesota, August 13, 1946; interment in Crystal Lake Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Qualys
Qualys, Inc. is an American technology firm based in Foster City, California, specializing in cloud security, compliance and related services.

Qualys has over 10,300 customers in more than 130 countries. The company has strategic partnerships with major managed services providers and consulting organizations including BT, Dell SecureWorks, Fujitsu, IBM, NTT, Symantec, Verizon, and Wipro.

Secureworks
Secureworks Inc. is an American cybersecurity company. The company has approximately 4,000 customers in more than 50 countries, ranging from Fortune 100 companies to mid-sized businesses in a variety of industries.

It became part of Dell Technologies in February 2011 and was later the subject of an initial public offering to again become a publicly traded company in April 2016. It was majority-owned by Dell until 2025 when Secureworks was acquired by Sophos.: 15
William Brodie
William Brodie (28 September 1741 – 1 October 1788), often known by his title of Deacon Brodie, was a Scottish cabinet-maker, deacon of a trades guild, and Edinburgh city councillor, who maintained a secret life as a burglar in order to support his mistresses and to fund a gambling addiction.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Overton-on-Dee railway station
Overton-on-Dee railway station was a station to the southeast of Overton-on-Dee, Wrexham, Wales at Lightwood Green. The station was opened on 2 November 1895 and closed on 10 September 1962.

The station had a goods yard and adjacent livestock market. On the west side a creamery was built around 1919 operated by the Co-Operative Wholesale Society (CWS), and in 1928 with the adoption of milk tank wagons in place of milk churns a siding was extended to the creamery. The creamery closed just before WW2. Also adjacent to the station goods yard was the Overton Brick and Tile Works which closed around WW2 or shortly afterwards.

Overton-on-Dee
Overton (Welsh: Owrtyn) or Overton-on-Dee is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. A former borough and market town, it is situated close to the Welsh-English border on the edge of an escarpment that winds its way around the course of the River Dee, from which Overton-on-Dee derives its name.

The community of Overton, which also includes the village of Lightwood Green and a number of small hamlets including Knolton, had a total population of 1,276 at the 2001 census, increasing to 1,382 at the 2011 Census.
Sogto Ochirov
Sogto Ochirov (Russian: Согто Очиров, born September 1993) is a Russian intersex activist, archer, and shepherd. He is a Buryat from Zabaykalsky Krai. He is known for speaking openly about living with partial androgen insensitivity. He became the subject of a YouTube-documentary by Elena Pogrebizhskaya "Intersex people in Russia".

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Verkhnemursalyayevo
Verkhnemursalyayevo (Russian: Верхнемурсаляево; Bashkir: Үрге Мөрсәләй, Ürge Mörsäläy) is a rural locality (a village) in Kugarchinsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 126 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Kugarchinsky District
Kugarchinsky District (Russian: Кугарчи́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Күгәрсен районы, romanized: Kügärsen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders Meleuzovsky District in the north, Burzyansky District in the northeast, Zilairsky District in the east, Zianchurinsky District in the south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and Kuyurgazinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,371 square kilometers (1,302 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mrakovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,444, with the population of Mrakovo accounting for 27.6% of that number.
Rule Interchange Format
The Rule Interchange Format (RIF) is a W3C Recommendation.  RIF is part of the infrastructure for the semantic web, along with (principally) SPARQL, RDF and OWL.  Although originally envisioned by many as a "rules layer" for the semantic web, in reality the design of RIF is based on the observation that there are many "rules languages" in existence, and what is needed is to exchange rules between them.

RIF includes three dialects, a Core dialect which is extended into a Basic Logic Dialect (BLD) and Production Rule Dialect (PRD).

SPARQL
SPARQL (pronounced "sparkle", a recursive acronym for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is an RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. It was made a standard by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium, and is recognized as one of the key technologies of the semantic web. On 15 January 2008, SPARQL 1.0 was acknowledged by W3C as an official recommendation, and SPARQL 1.1 in March, 2013.

SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns.

Implementations for multiple programming languages exist. There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically construct a SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer.
In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL and to XQuery.
Feuquières–Broquiers station
Feuquières–Broquiers is a railway station located between Broquiers and Feuquières in the Oise department, France. It is situated on the Beauvais-Abancourt section of the Épinay-Villetaneuse–Le Tréport-Mers railway. It is an unattended station, served by TER Hauts-de-France trains between Beauvais and Tréport-Mers.

Near the station, towards Beauvais, there is a branch line to the Saverglass glass factory.

Le Tréport–Mers station
The Le Tréport–Mers station (French pronunciation: [lə tʁepɔʁ mɛʁs]) is a railway station in the commune of Le Tréport in the Seine-Maritime department, France. It is only a few metres from Mers-les-Bains, which is in the Somme department.
1924 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1924 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from February 28–March 4, 1924, at Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta, Georgia. The North Carolina Tar Heels won their second Southern Conference title, led by head coach Norman Shepard.

Norman Shepard
Norman Westbrook Shepard (August 20, 1897 – August 22, 1977) was a head coach of various college athletics at several American colleges and universities.  He is best known for being the only Division I college basketball coach to go undefeated in his first season coaching.: 159  His 1923–24 Tar Heels team finished the season with a 26–0 record, was retroactively named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, and was retroactively listed as the top-ranked team by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.
Exposure keratopathy
Exposure keratopathy (also known as exposure keratitis) is medical condition affecting the cornea of eyes. It can lead to corneal ulceration and permanent loss of vision due to corneal opacity.

Normally, the corneal surface is kept moist by blinking. During sleep, it is protected by the eyelids. Increased exposure of the cornea to air, due to incomplete or inadequate eyelid closure, causes increased tear evaporation from the corneal surface. Increased tear evaporation leads to instability of the tear film and dryness of the corneal surface, resulting in corneal epithelial damage. Both tear film and corneal epithelium play significant role in corneal protection. Dryness and epithelial damage allow microorganisms to penetrate the cornea, leading to keratitis.

Corneal epithelium
The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneae anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea. It acts as a barrier to protect the cornea, resisting the free flow of fluids from the tears, and prevents bacteria from entering the epithelium and corneal stroma.
Infection-induced anorexia
Infection-induced anorexia is the loss of appetite in a person with an infection, which confers advantages in fighting the infection.

In association with fever production, decreased food consumption is a common sign of infection and is a behavior that contributes to pathogen elimination. During infection-induced anorexia, autophagic flux is upregulated systemically. A decrease in serum amino acids during an infection promotes autophagy not only in immune cells, but also in nonimmune cells. Augmented autophagic responses may play a critical role in clearing pathogens (xenophagy), in the presentation of epitopes in nonprovisional antigen presenting cells and the removal of damaged proteins and organelles, and recycling these damaged proteins, organelles and pathogens as source of nutrition.

Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite. While the term outside of the scientific literature is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a loss of appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk.

Anorexia in this usage is a symptom, not a diagnosis.

The symptom also occurs in non-human animals, such as cats, dogs, cattle, goats, and sheep. In these species, anorexia may be referred to as inappetence. As in humans, loss of appetite can be due to a range of diseases and conditions, as well as environmental and psychological factors.
Ferdinando Bocconi
Ferdinando Bocconi (11 November 1836 – 5 February 1908) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician (as Senator of the Kingdom of Italy). He is mostly known for being the founder of Bocconi University in Milan in 1902.

Bocconi was born and died in Milan. He and his brother Luigi became rich founding the Aux villes d'Italie, a great department store that became later the current La Rinascente.

The university was named after his son, Luigi Bocconi, who died in the Battle of Adwa during the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
The Senate of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Senato del Regno d'Italia) was the upper house of the bicameral parliament of the Kingdom of Italy, officially created on 4 March 1848, acting as an evolution of the original Subalpine Senate. It was replaced on 1 January 1948 by the present-day Senate of the Republic. All of its members were appointed by the King.
Lamboginny
Yinka Lawanson, known by his stage name Lamboginny, is a Nigerian Afro-Dancehall musician, youtuber, and humanitarian. Lamboginny is the co-convener of Say No To Crime movement and the advocate of S.A.L.T (Saving All Lives Together), a prison reform program in-line with the 2030 Agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals by United Nation in September 2015.

In 2002, he finished fourth place at StarQuest, a Nigerian reality competition by Nigerian Breweries.  He is one half of the tiktok duo Ling and Lamb with his wife Taccara Rae (aka Ling). On 27 July 2021, they premiered the first episode of Keep it Reel with Ling and Lamb on Apple Podcasts, with Taccara Rae. In May 2021, the duo received their first YouTube Plaques, for 100k subscribers.

Apple Podcasts
Apple Podcasts (known as simply Podcasts in Apple operating systems) is an audio streaming service and media player application developed by Apple for playing podcasts. Apple began supporting podcasts with iTunes 4.9 released in June 2005 and launched its first standalone mobile app in 2012. The app was later pre-installed with iOS beginning October 2014. The Apple Podcasts directory features more than two million shows. Apple Podcasts is available on iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, CarPlay, visionOS, Microsoft Windows operating systems, web browsers, and on Amazon Alexa devices.