hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bob Burns (footballer)
Robert Edward James Burns (3 June 1884 – 16 August 1949) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

After playing two games for Collingwood in 1904, Burns moved to Perth to teach at the Christian Brothers College and played in Western Australia for Perth and East Perth. He also coached the latter.

Burns then left the country to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh, before moving again to become a doctor in Abertillery in Monmouthshire, Wales.

Abertillery
Abertillery (/ˌæbərtɪˈlɛəri/; Welsh: Abertyleri) is a town and community in Blaenau Gwent County Borough, Wales. It is located in the Ebbw Fach valley, and the historic county of Monmouthshire.

The surrounding landscape borders the Brecon Beacons National Park and the Blaenavon World heritage Site. Formerly a major coal mining centre the Abertillery area was transformed in the 1990s using EU and other funding to return to a greener environment.

Situated on the A467 the town is 15 miles (24 km) north of the M4 and 5 miles (8 km) south of the A465 "Heads of the Valleys" trunk road. It is about 25 miles (40 km) by road from Cardiff and 47 miles (76 km) from Bristol.

According to the 2011 Census, 4.8% of the ward's 4,416 (212 residents) resident-population can speak, read, and write Welsh. This is below the county's figure of 5.5% of 67,348 (3,705 residents) who can speak, read, and write Welsh.
Oscar Krokstedt
Vice Admiral Nils Oscar Jakob Krokstedt (12 October 1908 – 13 December 1985) was a Swedish Navy officer. His senior commands included Chief of the Naval Staff, head of the Swedish National Defence College and military commander of the Western Military District and the Southern Military District.

Underlöjtnant
Underlöjtnant (from the German word Unterleutnant) was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of fänrik and cornet. Fänrik was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as underlöjtnant, from 1926 with lower position.
WNJN-FM
WNJN-FM (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by WHYY, Inc., and simulcasts the public radio news and talk programming of WHYY-FM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

All-news radio
All-news radio is a radio format devoted entirely to the discussion and broadcast of news.

All-news radio is available in both local and syndicated forms, and is carried on both major US satellite radio networks. All-news stations can run the gamut from simulcasting an all-news television station like CNN, to a "rip and read" headline service, to stations that include live coverage of news events and long-form public affairs programming.

Many stations brand themselves Newsradio but only run news during the morning and afternoon drive times, or in some cases, broadcast talk radio shows with frequent news updates. These stations are properly labeled as "news/talk" stations. Also, some National Public Radio stations identify themselves as News and Information stations, which means that in addition to running the NPR news magazines such as Morning Edition and All Things Considered, they run other information and public affairs programs.
Shipping in Gibraltar
Shipping in Gibraltar is important because of Gibraltar's strategic position on one side of the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. The Strait of Gibraltar is a globally important shipping lane. Gibraltar has become a place known for its expertise with shipping and it has annually 7,000 ship calls.

Sea lane
A sea lane, sea road or shipping lane is a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels (ships) on wide waterways such as oceans and large lakes, and is preferably safe, direct and economic. During the Age of Sail, they were determined by the distribution of land masses but also by the prevailing winds, whose discovery was crucial for the success of long maritime voyages.  Sea lanes are very important for seaborne trade.
Simeon Mills
Simeon Mills (February 14, 1810 – June 1, 1895) was a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Senate from Dane County in the 1st Wisconsin Legislature. He introduced the bill which became the charter for the University of Wisconsin.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code  (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon.

Brettanomyces
Brettanomyces is a non-spore forming genus of yeast in the family Pichiaceae, and is often colloquially referred to as "Brett". The genus name Dekkera is used interchangeably with Brettanomyces, as it describes the teleomorph or spore forming form of the yeast, but is considered deprecated under the one fungus, one name change. The cellular morphology of the yeast can vary from ovoid to long "sausage" shaped cells. The yeast is acidogenic, and when grown on glucose rich media under aerobic conditions, produces large amounts of acetic acid. Brettanomyces is important to both the brewing and wine industries due to the sensory compounds it produces.

In the wild, Brettanomyces lives on the skins of fruit.
Heptapleurum beccarianum
Heptapleurum beccarianum is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a tree endemic to the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo. It grows in lowland rain forest.

Populations previously recorded in Peninsular Malaysia have been reclassified as two new species, Heptapleurum frodinii and Heptapleurum lengguanii.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Ouvrage Sapey
Ouvrage Sapey is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage consists of one entry block, three artillery blocks and one observation block two kilometers west of Modane.  The ouvrage was built beneath the older Fort du Sapey. The new work cost 12.8 million francs.

The ouvrage and fort were accessed by an aerial tram built in 1908, which also connected to Fort du Replaton, located down the slope from Sapey.

Modane
Modane (French pronunciation: [mɔ.dan]; Savoyard: Modâna; Italian: Modana) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

The commune is in the Maurienne Valley, and it also belongs to the Vanoise National Park. It was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia until the Treaty of Turin in 1860.
Shankar Purushottam Agharkar
Shankar Purushottam Agharkar (18 November 1884 – 2 September 1960) was an Indian Morphologist. Agharkar obtained his PhD degree (1919) from the University of Berlin, Germany. His specialization was in Plant Morphology. He was the Ghosh Professor of Botany (1920–47) at the University of Calcutta; and Founder Director (1946–60) of Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science. He is one of the leading botanists of India. He explored biodiversity of Western Ghats where he came across a species of freshwater jellyfish, which was until then only known to be found in Africa. These findings were published in scientific journal Nature in 1912. Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent of the Indian Museum in Kolkata, helped Dr. Agharkar in his further endeavours to collect, preserve and conduct microscopic examinations of animal and plant specimens. The institute ARI, Pune has been named after him.

Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies, transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification.
Doina (given name)
Doina is a Romanian name. People with this name include:

Doina Bumbea (1950 – 1997), Romanian painter and abductee in North Korea

Doina Ciobanu (born 1994),  fashion influencer and sustainability advocate

Doina Cornea (1929 – 2018), Romanian human rights activist

Doina Gherman, Moldovan politician

Doina Melinte (born 1956), Romanian retired athlete

Doina Precup, Romanian AI researcher

Doina Rotaru (born 1951), Romanian composer

Doina Ruști (born 1957), Romanian novelist and writer

Doina Rotaru
Marilena Doinița Rotaru (known as Doina, also Nemţeanu-Rotaru; born 14 September 1951, Bucharest) is a Romanian composer best known for her orchestral and chamber works. She has won prizes from the Romanian Composers' Union seven times, and was awarded the Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences prize in 1986. She won first prize in the GEDOK Competition in Mannheim in 1994 for her second symphony. She is a professor of harmony at the Bucharest Conservatory.
The Pool Boys
The Pool Boys (also known as American Summer) is a 2011 American comedy film directed by James B. Rogers. It stars Matthew Lillard, Brett Davern, Rachelle Lefèvre, Efren Ramirez and Tom Arnold.

Principal photography began in late April 2007, with filming taking place throughout the New Orleans Metropolitan Area. Since wrapping at the end of the following month, the film struggled to find a wide release. The film was released to home media in 2011.

Tom Arnold (actor)
Thomas Duane Arnold (born March 6, 1959) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Arnie Thomas on Roseanne, which starred his ex-wife Roseanne Barr.

He has appeared in several films, including True Lies (1994), Nine Months (1995), Big Bully, Carpool, The Stupids (all 1996), McHale's Navy (1997), Animal Factory (2000), Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), Mr. 3000 (2004), Happy Endings (2005), Pride (2007), The Great Buck Howard (2008), and Madea's Witness Protection (2011). He was also the host of The Best Damn Sports Show Period for four years, and appeared on Sons of Anarchy.
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an endocrine disorder that is an uncommon and potentially lethal form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). It arises from defects in the earliest stages of steroid hormone synthesis: the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria and the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone—the first step in the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Lipoid CAH causes mineralocorticoid deficiency in affected infants and children. Male infants are severely undervirilized causing their external genitalia to look feminine. The adrenals are large and filled with lipid globules derived from cholesterol.

Virilization
Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females. Most of the changes of virilization are produced by androgens.

Virilization is a medical term commonly used in three medical and biology of sex contexts: prenatal biological sexual differentiation, the postnatal changes of typical chromosomal male (46, XY) puberty, and excessive androgen effects in typical chromosomal females (46, XX). It is also the intended result of androgen replacement therapy in males with delayed puberty and low testosterone.
Lentilactobacillus kefiri
Lentilactobacillus kefiri is species of rod-shaped nonmotile bacteria. It is one of the main lactic acid bacteria species found in kefir and kefir grains. It can be bought and used as a probiotic.

Colonies on MRS agar are grayish, smooth, flat and 2 to 4mm in diameter. It is obligately heterofermentive, and can ferment lactose, maltose, melibiose, ribose, as well as sucrose, mannitol and trehalose to a weaker extent. It is not known to be pathogenic.

Melibiose
Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed by an α-1,6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-(α1→6)-D-Glc). It differs from lactose in the chirality of the carbon where the galactose ring is closed and that the galactose is linked to a different point on the glucose moiety. It can be formed by invertase-mediated hydrolysis of raffinose, which produces melibiose and fructose.  Melibiose can be broken down into its component saccharides, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme alpha-galactosidase, such as MEL1 from Saccharomyces pastorianus (lager yeast).

Melibiose cannot be used by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ale yeast), so this is one test to differentiate between the two yeast species.
Higashiura
Higashiura (東浦町, Higashiura-chō) is a town located in Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. On 31 April 2023, the town had an estimated population of 50,182 in 21,426 households, and a population density of 1,611 per square kilometre (4,170/sq mi). This makes the town the most populous town in Aichi Prefecture, surpassing Takahama, Iwakura in population. The town is also the second most populous town in Japan, being surpassed by Fuchū, Hiroshima. The total area was 31.14 square kilometres (12.02 sq mi).

Iwakura, Aichi
Iwakura (岩倉市, Iwakura-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 47,929 in 21,805 households, and a population density of 4,578 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 10.47 square kilometres (4.04 sq mi). It is the city with the smallest area in the prefecture (followed by Takahama and Chiryū), and is the 10th smallest city in Japan. Iwakura city is famous for its "Cherry Blossom Festival" which mostly takes place around the end of March every year. Iwakura's cherry blossom is located at the symbol of the city "Gojo river" and lists as one of the top 100 best cherry blossom spots in Japan.
Standedge
Standedge  (/stænɪdʒ/) is a moorland escarpment in the Pennine Hills of northern England between Marsden, West Yorkshire and Diggle, Greater Manchester. Standedge has been a major moorland crossing point since Roman times and possibly earlier.

From east to west, Standedge is crossed by five generations of road crossing, the earliest a Roman road from York to Chester and the latest the A62 road. The Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the railway line from Leeds to Manchester pass underground in the Standedge Tunnels. The Pennine Way long-distance footpath passes through Standedge in a north–south direction along the Pennines.

Much of Standedge is in the National Trust's Marsden Moor Estate. Administratively, Standedge is split between Kirklees and Oldham.

Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is named after its largest town, Oldham. The borough had a population of 251,560 in 2024, making it the sixth-largest district by population in Greater Manchester. The borough spans 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi).
Automatic Warning System
Automatic Warning System (AWS) is a railway safety system invented in the United Kingdom. It provides a train driver with an audible indication of whether the next signal they are approaching is clear or at caution.
Depending on the upcoming signal state, the AWS will either produce a 'horn' sound (as a warning indication), or a 'bell' sound (as a clear indication). If the train driver fails to acknowledge a warning indication, an emergency brake application is initiated by the AWS; if the driver correctly acknowledges the warning indication, by pressing an acknowledgement button, then a visual 'sunflower' is displayed to the driver, as a reminder of the warning.

Fail-safe
In engineering, a fail-safe is a design feature or practice that, in the event of a failure of the design feature, inherently responds in a way that will cause minimal or no harm to other equipment, to the environment or to people. Unlike inherent safety to a particular hazard, a system being "fail-safe" does not mean that failure is naturally inconsequential, but rather that the system's design prevents or mitigates unsafe consequences of the system's failure. If and when a "fail-safe" system fails, it remains at least as safe as it was before the failure. Since many types of failure are possible, failure mode and effects analysis is used to examine failure situations and recommend safety design and procedures.

Some systems can never be made fail-safe, as continuous availability is needed. Redundancy, fault tolerance, or contingency plans are used for these situations (e.g. multiple independently controlled and fuel-fed engines).
The Botticellis
The Botticellis were an American surf pop band founded in 2003 in Santa Cruz by Alexi Glickman, Zack Ehrlich, Burton Li, and Dave Tranchina.  Their 2008 debut record was released by Antenna Farm Records in 2008 to critical acclaim. NPR, Dusted Magazine, Allmusic, Pitchfork Media Daytrotter Crawdaddy!.

"Botticelli" is Italian for "little barrel." The Botticellis' sound has been described as "chamber pop" and likened to the California surf music of the 1960s  as well as post-Beatles pop groups like Big Star, Chris Bell,  Raspberries, ELO, George Harrison, Belle & Sebastian, Paul Simon and similar artists who are known to bring sophistication to pop composition.

The band dissolved in 2010, with its members pursuing separate musical projects.

Belle and Sebastian
Belle and Sebastian are a Scottish indie pop band formed in Glasgow in 1994. Led by Stuart Murdoch, Belle and Sebastian have released twelve studio albums. The band are often compared with acts such as the Smiths and Nick Drake. Belle and Sebastian took their name from a short story Murdoch had written about a boy and girl, whose title was a play on the 1965 television series Belle and Sebastian.
Thurrock Thameside Nature Park
Thurrock Thameside Nature Park is an Essex Wildlife Trust nature reserve located on top of the former Mucking Marshes Landfill in Thurrock, England which will eventually cover 845 acres (342 ha).  It is next to the River Thames and provides good bird and ship watching. The Cory Environmental Trust Visitor Centre is located at the preserve and provides a rooftop viewing platform.

Cory (company)
Cory is a recycling and waste management company based in London.

Originally founded as William Cory & Son in 1896, the company has operated vessels on the River Thames for more than 125 years, transporting a range of commodities and materials including coal, oil, aggregates and waste. Ships from Cory's fleet supported Britain's war efforts in both world wars, with 30 ships being lost during the conflicts. From the 1980s onwards, the business has become increasingly focused on waste management.
Lufttransport Staffel 5
The Lufttransport Staffel 5 (LT St 5, French Escadrille Transport Aérien 5 ) is a transport squadron of the Swiss Air Force. The homebase of the Lufttransport Staffel 5 is the Payerne Air Base.
The Lufttransport Staffel 5 is part of the Lufttransportgeschwader 1 together with the Lufttransport Staffel 1 (French Escadrille Transport Aérien «La UNE» ). The coat of arms of the Lufttransport Staffel 1 is a side view of a green grasshopper in front of a white circular ground, which shows the white number 5 on one of its wings. 
The camouflage version of the coat of arms shows the same image, but in dark green shades.

Eurocopter EC635
The Airbus Helicopters H135M (formerly Eurocopter EC635) is a multi-purpose light helicopter developed by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter) as a military version of the Airbus Helicopters H135. It is a twin-engined aircraft and can carry up to 8 people, including the pilot, and a range of military equipment or armaments. The helicopter is marketed for troop transport, medical evacuation, cargo transport, reconnaissance and surveillance and armed combat support missions.
Olginsky
Olginsky (Russian: Ольгинский; masculine), Olginskaya (Ольгинская; feminine), or Olginskoye (Ольгинское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Olginsky (rural locality), a khutor in Voskresensky Rural Okrug of Abinsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Olginskoye, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Kaltovsky Selsoviet of Iglinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Olginskoye, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, a selo in Olginsky Rural Okrug of Pravoberezhny District of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Olginskaya, Krasnodar Krai, a stanitsa in Olginsky Rural Okrug of Primorsko-Akhtarsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Olginskaya, Rostov Oblast, a stanitsa in Olginskoye Rural Settlement of Aksaysky District of Rostov Oblast

Primorsko-Akhtarsky District
Primorsko-Akhtarsky District (Russian: Примо́рско-Ахтарский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Primorsko-Akhtarsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 2,503.6 square kilometers (966.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Population:  60,327 (2010 Census); 60,913 (2002 Census); 54,795 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Primorsko-Akhtarsk accounts for 53.5% of the district's total population.
1972 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1972 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Winter Park, Colorado at the nineteenth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Host Colorado, coached by alumnus Bill Marolt, captured their third national championship (and first since 1960), finishing 5.2 points ahead of three-time defending champion Denver in the team standings.

Colorado's Mike Porcarelli reclaimed the slalom and alpine titles he won two years earlier; the repeat champions were Otto Tschudi of Denver in downhill and Bruce Cunningham of New Hampshire in Nordic combined. Denver's Odd Hammernes won his second jumping title, three years after the first.

In the downhill race, Utah sophomore David Novelle was killed after he lost a ski, went off the course, and collided with a tree. As a result, the Utah team withdrew from the competition.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).