hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bradwell Shell Bank
Bradwell Shell Bank is a nature reserve on the coast of the Dengie Peninsula near Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Dengie Site of Special Scientific Interest, Special Protection Area and Ramsar site, and the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation. It is also part of the Blackwater Flats and Marshes, a Grade I site in the Nature Conservation Review.

The site is a large area of saltmarsh together with some 12 hectares (30 acres) of shell bank. Birds which breed on the shell bank include little terns and ringed plovers, and there many species on the saltmarsh. There are flora such as yellow-horned poppies, grass-leaved oraches and rock samphires.

Part of the reserve is accessible at low tide by a footpath from the Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Mastigodiaptomus
Mastigodiaptomus is a genus of Neotropical copepods in the family Diaptomidae. Two of the eight species in the genus are listed as Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN Red List, and one is listed as a vulnerable species (VU):

Mastigodiaptomus albuquerquensis (Herrick, 1895) – Mexico, United States

Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis (M. S. Wilson, 1941) – Guatemala

Mastigodiaptomus galapagoensis – Galápagos islands

Mastigodiaptomus nesus Bowman, 1986 – southeastern Mexico

Mastigodiaptomus purpureus (Marsh, 1907) – Cuba, Haiti

Mastigodiaptomus reidae Suárez-Morales & Elías-Gutiérrez, 2000 – Campeche

Mastigodiaptomus texensis M. S. Wilson, 1953 – Tamaulipas, Yucatán Peninsula

Data deficient
A data deficient (DD) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation.
Huilongguan Xidajie station
Huilongguan Xidajie station (simplified Chinese: 回龙观西大街站; traditional Chinese: 回龍觀西大街站; pinyin: Huílóngguàn Xīdàjiē zhàn; lit. 'Huilongguan West Street station') is a station on Line 18 of the Beijing Subway. It opened on December 27, 2025.

Line 18 (Beijing Subway)
Line 18 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁18号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shíbāhào xiàn), also known as the Line 13-18 temporary through service line, is a metro line that serves the northern suburbs of Beijing, from Malianwa in the west in Haidian District to Tiantongyuandong in the east in Changping District. The line is 19.8 km (12.3 mi) long with 11 stations, and has a stabling yard in Xiaoxinzhuang (小辛庄停车场). It currently does not feature an interchange with Line 13. The line originally planned to open between Dongbeiwang and Tiantongyuandong at the end of 2025, and open Shangdi Software Park and Malianwa in 2026, but due to the faster than expected construction progress, the entire section opened on December 27, 2025.
Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual pursuit (B1–3)
The Men's individual pursuit tandem B1-3 track cycling event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 18 & 19 September. It was won by Kieran Modra and his sighted pilot Robert Crowe, representing  Australia.

Kieran Modra
Kieran John Modra AM (27 March 1972 – 13 November 2019) was an Australian Paralympic swimmer and tandem cyclist. He won five gold and five bronze medals at eight Paralympic Games from 1988 to 2016, along with two silver medals at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games.
Salt Lake and Utah Railroad
The Salt Lake and Utah Railroad, also known as the Orem Line or Orem Interurban, was an electric railroad which operated between downtown Salt Lake City and Payson, Utah, United States. Construction of the main line was started in 1913 with financing provided by A. J. Orem & Company, with Walter C. Orem as president. The railroad opened in 1914 with stops in both Utah and Salt Lake counties. The railroad also operated a branch line which ran to Magna. Both passenger and freight service was offered. The line's terminus in downtown Salt Lake City was shared with the Bamberger Railroad, and was located at the current site of Abravanel Hall. The railroad stopped service in 1946.

Simon Bamberger
Simon Bamberger (February 27, 1845 – October 6, 1926) was a German-American entrepreneur and politician who served as the fourth governor of Utah (1917–1921) after it achieved statehood from territorial status in 1896. Bamberger retains the distinction of being the first non-Mormon, the first Democrat, as well as the first, and to date only, Jewish Governor of Utah. He was also the third Jew ever elected governor of any state, after Washington Bartlett of California and Moses Alexander of Idaho.
Wolverine: Weapon X
Wolverine: Weapon X is a 2009 comic book series published by Marvel Comics starring the superhero Wolverine. The series was written by Jason Aaron, writing his first ongoing series starring Wolverine after writing several one-shots and limited series featuring the Marvel mainstay character. The series lasted sixteen issues.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Raja Gopal Singh
Raja Gopal Singh (died 21 December 2010) was an Indian politician who was Speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He served as speaker in Janata Party rule from 25 September 1979 to 7 July 1980. Gopal Singh belonged to Rajput erstwhile Raja family of Bhadrajun thikana. He used to look after affairs of family heritage hotel (a fort converted hotel).

He was MLA from Ahore in the Jalore district twice in 1977 and 1990.

Singh, who had been a Raja under the former Jodhpur State, represented Ahore Assembly constituency in Jalore district of the State twice.

Known as a gentleman politician, he was a much respected figure in western Rajasthan.

Not a person who hankered after power and position, he devoted more time in the past decade to conservation of water bodies and building of check dams in Jodhpur, Jalore and Pali districts than in politics.

He was one of the founder members of the water conservation NGO, Jal Bhagirathi Foundation.

Jalore district
Jalore district is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jalore is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,640 km2 (4,108 sq mi) (3.11 percent of Rajasthan's area), and a population of 1,828,730 (2011 census), with a population density of 136 persons per square kilometre.
Manteigas
Manteigas (European Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐ̃ˈtɐjɣɐʃ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,430, in an area of 121.98 square kilometres (47.10 sq mi).

The municipality is located in Guarda District; in Centro Region and Beira Interior Norte Subregion. It is located in the Serra da Estrela Mountains, the highest elevation in mainland Portugal. Cities nearby: Guarda, Seia, Gouveia and Covilhã.

The municipal holiday is March 4.

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.
Thicklip grey mullet
The thicklip grey mullet, Chelon labrosus, is a coastal fish of the family Mugilidae. It typically is about 32 cm (13 in) long, with 75 cm (30 in) being the maximum recorded. It is named after its thick upper lip and silvery-grey appearance.

It is a common fish of shallow, sheltered coasts, estuaries, and around power station and sewer outfalls; it can also enter fresh water areas.

It lives in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from Iceland to Senegal and Cape Verde, including the Mediterranean Sea and the southwestern Black Sea. This species is partially migratory, heading northwards in summer.

It feeds mainly on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus.

The thicklip grey mullet lays its eggs in winter. Both eggs and fry are pelagic.

Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.

Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
Life and Labor Commune
The Life and Labor Commune was a Tolstoyan agricultural commune founded in 1921 and disbanded as a state run collective farm on 1 January 1939. The commune was founded near Moscow but was later resettled in central Siberia, not far from Novokuznetsk. At its peak, it reportedly had as many as 1,000 participants. Throughout its existence the members of the commune were persecuted by the Bolsheviks, both for refusing to enlist or support their war efforts as well as for organizing themselves communally outside of the approved state structure.

Agricultural commune
An agricultural commune is a commune based on agricultural labor.  It is usually differentiated from other forms of collective agriculture by near-complete collective ownership of capital assets and collective consumption of the products of agriculture.
Resolve to Stop Violence Project
Resolve to Stop Violence Project is a program from the San Francisco Sheriff's Department in partnership with the nonprofit Community Works West that aims to help incarcerated prisoners recognize their violent attitudes and change them. Since 1997, it serves San Francisco County Jail inmates who agree that they are dangerous and wish to change. The program targets offenders, victims, and the community. The program has seen success in lowering recidivism, positively correlated to time spent in the program. It is seen as a model for using therapy and restorative practices to reduce rearrests.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
R v Schoombie
R v Schoombie is an important case in South African law, heard in the Appellate Division on 21 March 1945, with judgment handed down on 15 May, and Watermeyer CJ, Tindall JA, Greenberg JA and Davis AJA presiding.

Benjamin Tindall
Benjamin Arthur Tindall  KC (26 April 1879 – 3 February 1963) was a South African judge who served as Judge President of the Transvaal Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa and Judge op Appeal.
Archdeacon of Sarum
The Archdeacon of Sarum is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Salisbury, England. They are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries of the Sarum archdeaconry, which cover the geographical areas of Alderbury, Chalke (west of Salisbury), Salisbury, Heytesbury and Stonehenge (north of Salisbury).

The post is currently vacant since Alan Jeans' retirement.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
2017–18 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team
The 2017–18 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team represented Duke University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. Their head coach was Joanne P. McCallie in her 11th season at Duke. The Blue Devils played theirs home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 24–9, 11–5 in ACC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ACC women's tournament to NC State. They received at-large bid of the NCAA women's tournament where they defeated Belmont and Georgia before losing to Connecticut in the Sweet Sixteen.

2018 ACC women's basketball tournament
The 2018 ACC women's basketball tournament, which ended the 2017–18 season of the Atlantic Coast Conference, was held at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina, from February 28–March 4, 2018. Louisville, which finished atop the ACC regular-season table along with Notre Dame, won the tournament and with it the ACC's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Baltic Cable
The Baltic Cable is a monopolar HVDC power line running beneath the Baltic Sea that interconnects the electric power grids of Germany and Sweden. Its maximum transmission power is 600 megawatts (MW).

The Baltic Cable uses a transmission voltage of 450 kV – the highest operating voltage for energy transmission in Germany. The total project cost was 2 billion SEK (US$280 million), and the link was put into operation in December 1994. With a length of 250 kilometres (160 mi), it was the second longest high voltage undersea cable on earth, until Basslink came into service in 2006.

Volt
The volt (symbol: V), named after Alessandro Volta, is the unit of measurement of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI).
Sanam Chandra Palace railway halt
Sanam Chandra Palace Railway Halt is a railway halt located in Phra Pathom Chedi Subdistrict, Nakhon Pathom City, Nakhon Pathom. It is located 49.798 km (30.9 mi) from Thon Buri Railway Station. It is located near Sanam Chandra Palace, and used to have a royal pavilion, however this was moved to Hua Hin Railway Station.

Nakhon Pathom province
Nakhon Pathom (Thai: จังหวัดนครปฐม, pronounced [náʔkʰɔ̄ːn pā.tʰǒm], (Pronunciation)) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Suphan Buri, Ayutthaya, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, and Kanchanaburi. The capital city of Nakhon Pathom province is Nakhon Pathom.

Nakhon Pathom province is home to the Phra Pathommachedi, a chedi commissioned by King Mongkut (Rama IV) and completed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1870. The chedi is a reminder of the long vanished Dvaravati civilization that once flourished here and by tradition Nakhon Pathom is where Buddhism first came to Thailand. The province itself is known for its many fruit orchards.
Mickey Weir
Michael Graham Weir (born 16 January 1966) is a Scottish former footballer, who played mainly for Hibernian as a winger. He was part of the Hibernian side that won the 1991 Scottish League Cup.

Weir signed for Hibernian from Portobello Thistle as a teenager. His role as an apprentice involved football training, but also maintenance of Easter Road, such as sweeping and painting.

Weir remained at Hibs until 1987, when he signed for Luton Town. He returned to Easter Road after only a few months and just eight appearances for the Hatters. He played a key role in Hibs' 1991 League Cup win against Dunfermline, winning the penalty kick that opened the scoring in the Final. He left in 1996 for a brief spell on loan to Millwall, before ending his playing career at Motherwell, where he also coached. Weir also had a spell coaching Cowdenbeath, but he was forced to retire from the game due to injury.

Cowdenbeath F.C.
Cowdenbeath Football Club (/kaʊdənˈbiːθ/ kow-dən-BEETH) is a Scottish semi-professional football team based in Cowdenbeath, Fife. They are members of the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system after their relegation from Scottish League Two on 14 May 2022 following a 4–0 aggregate defeat to Bonnyrigg Rose. Formed in 1881, the club has played at Central Park since 1917. They first joined the Scottish Football League (SFL) in 1905. The club has never won any of the major honours in Scottish football, but have won lower tier divisional titles on five occasions. They competed in the top division of the SFL from 1924 to 1934, but have only completed one further top flight season since, in 1970–71.
Tamás Vicsek
Tamás Vicsek (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtɒmaːʃ ˈvit͡ʃɛk], born 10 May 1948, Budapest) is a Hungarian scientist with research interests in numerical studies of dense liquids, percolation theory, Monte Carlo simulation of cluster models, aggregation phenomena, fractal growth, pattern formation (computer and laboratory experiments), collective phenomena in biological systems (flocking, oscillations, crowds), molecular motors, cell locomotion in vitro. He held the position of  professor of physics at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, and was visiting scientists in various academia.

He is the namesake of the Vicsek fractal and the Vicsek model of swarm behavior.

He earned M.Sc. from the Lomonosov University, Moscow in 1972 and PhD from Lajos Kossuth University (current University of Debrecen) in 1976.

Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).
Department of Transport (Victoria, 2008–2013)
The Department of Transport (DOT) was the government agency responsible for the coordination, integration and regulation of the transport system in the State of Victoria, Australia.  The department generated planning, policy, and legislation for transport in Victoria. As a result, the department drove the integration of Victoria's transport land and water transport systems and the delivery of public transport, road and port services and associated activities across the State. The department's stated mission was "Building a safer, fairer and greener transport system for all Victorians to create a more prosperous and connected community."

The DOT was abolished and its functions absorbed by the new Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure in April 2013.

Transport network analysis
A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow.
Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering. Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis.
Ranipet
Ranipet (lit. Queen's colony) is an industrial town and the administrative headquarters of Ranipet district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the Northern banks of the Palar River. It is a Tri-City with the adjacent municipalities of Walajapet, Arcot and Melvisharam. It is located about 115 kilometres (71 mi) west of Chennai, and about 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Vellore. Ranipet is located on the Mumbai–Chennai arm of the Golden Quadrilateral. 
Ranipet is renowned for its thriving industrial base, which includes numerous small, medium, and large-scale industries, particularly in sectors such as leather tanning, chemical manufacturing, and engineering.

Golden Quadrilateral
The Golden Quadrilateral (Hindi: Svarnim Chaturbhuj; abbreviated GQ) is a network of national highways connecting major cities of India. It roughly forms a quadrilateral with major cities – Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south) forming the termini. Stretching 5,846 km (3,633 mi), it is one of the longest roads in the world.

The project was part of the first phase of the National Highways Development Project executed by the Government of India. The roads were constructed and are maintained by the National Highway Authority of India under the purview of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. The road system consists of access controlled four or six-lane highways, built at a cost of ₹324.9 billion (equivalent to ₹1.4 trillion or US$17 billion in 2023). The project was launched in 1999, and completed in 2012.