hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grindstone Creek (Grand River tributary)
Grindstone Creek is a stream in Clinton, DeKalb and Daviess counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Grand River.

The stream headwaters are in northern Clinton County south of the community of Osborn at 39°43′50″N 94°22′01″W﻿ / ﻿39.73056°N 94.36694°W﻿ / 39.73056; -94.36694. The stream flows northeast through southeastern DeKalb County past the community of Fordham and passing under Missouri Route 6 1.5 miles east of Weatherby. It enters Daviess County approximately three miles northeast of Weatherby and flows north crossing under Missouri Route E one half mile west of Santa Rosa. The strem turns to the northeast for another four miles to its confluence with the Grand two miles south of Pattonsburg at 40°01′08″N 94°08′09″W﻿ / ﻿40.01889°N 94.13583°W﻿ / 40.01889; -94.13583.

Grindstone Creek was named for the fact grindstones were sourced from quarries along its course.

Osborn, Missouri
Osborn is a city in northern Clinton and southern DeKalb counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 374 at the 2020 census.

The Clinton County portion of Osborn is part of the Kansas City, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the DeKalb County portion is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Clinton County portion of Osborn lies in Platte Township, while the DeKalb County portion of Osborn lies in Colfax Township.
Mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It is usually still, but may be sparkling (carbonated/effervescent).

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure", at places such as spas, baths and wells.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. More than 4,000 brands of mineral water are commercially available worldwide.

In many places the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.

Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
Waiapu County
Waiapu County was a county governed by the Waiapu County Council on the North Island of New Zealand from 1890 until the council was merged with other councils to form Gisborne District Council in 1989.

Tokomaru Bay
Tokomaru Bay is a small beachside community on the remote East Coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is 91 km north of Gisborne, on State Highway 35, and close to Mount Hikurangi. The district was originally known as Toka-a-Namu, which refers to the abundance of sandflies. Over the years the name was altered to Tokomaru Bay.

The two hapu or sub-tribes that reside in Tokomaru Bay are Te Whanau a Ruataupare and Te Whānau a Te Aotawarirangi. The ancestral mountain of Tokomaru Bay is Toiroa. The ancestral river is Mangahauini.
Jonah J. Goldstein
Jonah Jamison Goldstein (April 6, 1886 – July 22, 1967) was a Republican General Sessions Judge from New York, and the Republican candidate for Mayor of New York City in the 1945 election, losing to William O'Dwyer. He died in 1967, in Bethlehem, New Hampshire.

Goldstein was Jewish, and he served on several Jewish institutions and was active in many New York welfare activities. He also served as president of the Grand Street Boys Association.

William O'Dwyer
William O'Dwyer (July 11, 1890 – November 24, 1964) was an Irish American attorney and Democratic Party politician who served as the 101st Mayor of New York City from 1946 to 1950, when he resigned under the cloud of multiple investigations into corruption in the New York City Police Department. He also served as Brooklyn District Attorney from 1940 to 1945 and United States Ambassador to Mexico from 1950 to 1952.
Tamdoult
Tamdult (also Tamedoult, Tamdlt; Arabic: تامدولت; Berber languages: ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ) was a medieval city located near the Draa river south-east of Akka, Morocco. It was an important and flourishing stop in the Trans-Saharan trade route, linking Nul (Asrir), Ouadane, and Awdaghust to Sijilmasa, Massa and N'fis. The city was founded in the second century BC by the Berbers Shilha. In the ninth century  one the sons of Idriss II, founder of the Idrisid dynasty, who had been given a principality in the Sous to reign over the Lamta tribe.

The city and its fortress were allegedly destroyed in the 14th century by a king of the Marinid dynasty. Today, the shrine of Sidi Mohamed ben Abdallah Ichanaoui is the only surviving structure in the ruins site.

The Shrine of Sidi Shanawil is one of a number of shrines in the Anti-Atlas honoring, according to local narratives, Jewish prophets who died on their way to these communities coming from Palestine.

Anti-Atlas
The Anti-Atlas, also known as Lesser Atlas or Little Atlas, is a mountain range in Morocco, a part of the Atlas Mountains in the northwest of Africa. The Anti-Atlas extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest toward the northeast, to the heights of Ouarzazate and further east to the city of Tafilalt, altogether a distance of approximately 500 km. The range borders on the Sahara to the south.

In some contexts, the Anti-Atlas is considered separate from the Atlas Mountains system, as the prefix "anti" (i.e. opposite) implies.
1994 Volvo International – Doubles
Cyril Suk and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Alex O'Brien and Sandon Stolle.

Grant Connell and Patrick Galbraith won in the final 6–4, 7–6 against Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis.

Daniel Vacek
Daniel Vacek (born 1 April 1971) is a former tennis player from Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic who turned professional in 1990. He reached the quarterfinals of the 1995 Paris Masters, the 1998 Canada Masters and the 1998 Cincinnati Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 26 in January 1996.

Vacek represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta where he was defeated in the second round. The right-hander won 25 career titles in doubles with various partners, including the French Open in 1996 and 1997, and the US Open in 1997 with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Zakharoff Ridge
Zakharoff Ridge (72°55′S 75°7′E﻿ / ﻿72.917°S 75.117°E﻿ / -72.917; 75.117) is a ridge with several peaks, mostly snow-covered, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) southeast of Mount Harding in the Grove Mountains. Mapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) from air photos, 1956–60, it was named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Oleg Zakharoff, radio officer at Mawson Station, in 1960.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Zakharoff Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Wellington Pit
Wellington Colliery was a coal mine operating on the Manchester Coalfield before 1869 in Tyldesley, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England.

Originally named Messhing Trees, the colliery was sunk by William Ramsden and, with Nelson Pit, formed Ramsden's Shakerley Collieries. The colliery worked the Trencherbone mine at 360 yards and was ventilated by furnace in 1895. Coal to make gas and household coal was produced in 1896 from the Arley, Hell hole, Trencherbone and Yard mines. Shakerley Collieries' combined workforce for the two pits was 422 underground and 87 surface workers.

The colliery lasted until 1935 when the company was taken over by Manchester Collieries and closed the same year.

Underground mine ventilation
Underground mine ventilation provides a flow of air to the underground workers of a mine with sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust and noxious gases (typically NOx, SO2, methane, CO2 and CO) and to regulate temperature.  The source of these gases are equipment that runs on diesel engines, blasting with explosives, and the orebody itself. Regulations often require airflow to be distributed within mines to improve air quality.

The largest component of the operating cost for mine ventilation is electricity to power the ventilation fans, which may account for one third of a typical underground mine's entire electrical power cost.
Davenport House (Franklin Township, Michigan)
The Bauer Manor, also known as the Davenport House or Davenport Hotel, is a hotel located at 1280 U.S. Route 12 (known locally as Michigan Avenue) near the unincorporated community of Tipton in Franklin Township in northern Lenawee County, Michigan.  It was designated as a Michigan State Historic State on May 18, 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 2007.

Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.

Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, Michigan, micropolitan statistical area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens, and Huron tribes.
Mushtaq Jalili
Mushtaq Jalili (27 October 1927—14 October 2004) was an Indian screenwriter.

He was born in Hyderabad, the son of Urdu poet Fasahat Jung Jaleel (Jaleel Manikpuri). He first worked with A.R. Kardar as an assistant story writer, then in 1955 as an assistant writer in the story department under P.N. Arora. Following that he worked as an assistant writer with Pandit Mukhram Sharma.

In 1963 he wrote the films Kaun Apna Kaun Paraya and Begaana. He wrote dialogue for K.C. Gulati's Mohabbat Zindagi Hai (1966), screenplay and dialogue for Dillagi (1966), screenplay for Ek Phool Do Mali (1969), and story and screenplay for Pyaar Ka Rishta (1973).

Jalili also wrote the script for Dharkan (1972), Do Musafir (1978), and Mr. Phandebaaz (1995), and the dialogue for Bonny (1990), and Safari (1999).

Jalili died in the Juhu neighborhood of Mumbai.

Juhu
Juhu (pronunciation: [d͡ʒuɦuː]) is a coastal suburb in the Mumbai Suburban district, located on the western coast of Salsette Island. It is known for its sprawling Juhu Beach. It is surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Versova to the north, Vile Parle to the east, and Santacruz to the south. Juhu is among the most expensive and affluent areas of the metropolitan region and is home to many Bollywood celebrities. The nearest railway stations are Santacruz, Andheri, and Vile Parle on the Western and Harbour lines of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. The nearest metro stations are D. N. Nagar and Andheri West. There are two minor B.E.S.T. bus depots in Juhu.

J. R. D. Tata, the father of civil aviation in India, made his maiden voyage to Juhu Airport from Drigh Road Airstrip, Karachi, via Ahmedabad, on 15 October 1932, carrying mail in a Puss Moth aircraft.
Żołoćki
Zhołocki (Belarusian. Залочкі), formerly Żołodźki, is a village in Poland located in Podlaskie Voivodeship, in Bielsk County, in Boćki commune.

In the years 1975–1998 the locality administratively belonged to Białystok Voivodeship.

According to the 1921 census the village of Żołoćki had 98 inhabitants living in 14 buildings. 58% of the village's inhabitants (57 people) declared Roman Catholic, while the remaining 42% (i.e. 41 people) Orthodox. At the same time, the majority of the village's inhabitants (83 people) declared Polish nationality, and the remaining 15 people declared Belarusian nationality. At that time, the village was located in Widźgowo commune.

The village has retained its bi-denominational character to this day. The Roman Catholic inhabitants of the village belong to Parish of Our Lady Help of Christians in Klichy, and the Orthodox to Parish of the Dormition of the Mother of God in Boćki.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Gaston Park
Gaston Park was a baseball park located in Dallas, Texas. Named for landowner William H. Gaston, the ballpark existed within the State Fair grounds in the vicinity of Texas and Pacific rail tracks as well as the Music Hall at Fair Park in Dallas. The field was also used for the Red River Rivalry in 1912 and 1914. Oklahoma beat Texas 21–6 in 1912 while the Longhorns beat the Sooners 32–7 in 1914. The A&M College of Texas, as it was then known, beat Baylor University there on Thanksgiving Day 1912 by score of 53–0.

Early newspaper reports of Texas League baseball games were stated as "at the fair grounds".

Ballpark
A ballpark, or baseball park, is a type of sports venue where baseball is played. The playing field is divided into two field sections called the infield and the outfield. The infield is an area whose dimensions are rigidly defined in part based on the placement of bases, and the outfield is where dimensions can vary widely from ballpark to ballpark. A larger ballpark may also be called a baseball stadium because it shares characteristics of other stadiums.
Brad Babcock
Bradley Littleton Babcock (March 10, 1939 – June 2, 2020) was an American college baseball coach, the head coach of James Madison (JMU) from 1971 to 1989. Under him, the Dukes appeared in five NCAA tournaments (four in Division I) and the 1983 College World Series. His overall record in 19 seasons was 555–251–4, including a home record of 339–71–1.

James Madison Dukes baseball
The James Madison Dukes baseball team represents James Madison University in NCAA baseball.  The "Diamond Dukes," as the team is known, have compiled a 1092-670-8 all-time record and have made the NCAA tournament eight times, most recently in 2024. The Dukes compete in the Sun Belt Conference.
Winnebago
Winnebago can refer to:

The exonym of the Ho-Chunk tribe of Native North Americans with reservations in Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, a federally recognized tribe group in the state
The Winnebago language of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe

Winnebago (chicken), a 19th-century American chicken breed

Winnebago Council Boy Scout Council

Winnebago Industries, a manufacturer of recreational vehicles and motor homes based in Forest City, Iowa

Winnebago Industries
Winnebago Industries, Inc. is an American manufacturer of motorhomes, a type of recreational vehicle (RV). In 2018, the company expanded into motorboat manufacturing with the acquisition of Chris-Craft Corporation. Winnebago has also manufactured light-to-medium utility vehicles as well as other products. The company is named after Winnebago County, Iowa, where it used to be headquartered. The county is named after the Native American tribe who have historically lived in the area. During the 1970s and 1980s, Winnebago Industries depended on Native American history and traditions in naming their products, for example "Chieftain" and "Brave." They also used Native American iconography and patterns in their designs and period advertisements.
Borders distillery
The Borders distillery, is a malt whisky, gin and vodka production facility in the Scottish Borders town of Hawick. The distillery produces malt whisky, William Kerrs Gin. and vodka and has a visitor centre on Commercial Road.

Malt whisky
Malt whisky is whisky made from a fermented mash consisting of malted barley. If the product is made exclusively at a single distillery (along with other restrictions), it is typically called a single malt whisky. Although malt whisky can be made using other malted grains besides barley, those types are not called malt whisky without specifying the grain, such as rye malt whisky or buckwheat malt whisky.
Wescoats Corner, Delaware
Wescoats Corner is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. Wescoats Corner is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 9 Business and Wescoats Corner Road, southwest of Lewes.

Lewes, Delaware
Lewes (/ˈluː.əs/ LOO-əss) is an incorporated city on the Delaware Bay in eastern Sussex County, Delaware, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population was 3,303. Along with neighboring Rehoboth Beach, Lewes is one of the principal cities of Delaware's rapidly growing Cape Region. The city lies within the Salisbury, Maryland–Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Lewes proudly claims to be "The First Town in The First State."
Gugark pogrom
The Gugark pogrom was a pogrom directed against the Azerbaijani minority of the Gugark District (now a part of the Lori Province) in the Armenian SSR, then part of the Soviet Union.

The pogrom of Azerbaijanis in Gugark in March 1988 followed the earlier pogrom of Armenians in Sumgait in the end of February 1988. The persecution of the Azerbaijanis continued until virtually all of them fled the region. The pogrom was one of the acts of ethnic violence in the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which would later erupt into a war.

Azerbaijani sources label the pogrom as a "massacre" (Azerbaijani: Quqark qırğını/qətliamı).

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Betagel
Betagel (βゲル in Japanese) is a material invented in Japan that utilizes gel and silicone to absorb violent shocks.

Japanese researchers developed "Alphagel", which was principally used in the manufacture of sneakers and as a shock-absorber for tennis racquets.  Betagel, a more effective formulation, was so named according to the Greek Alphabet (alpha, beta, gamma etc.), in which letters also serve as numerals. It is also principally used in sneakers.

The gel is also used in scientific applications.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
This Is Not a Ball
This Is Not a Ball is a feature documentary film premiered in June 2014 produced by Emilio Azcarraga Jean and Bernardo Gomez and El Mall and Videocine as producing companies. The documentary is directed by Brazilian artist Vik Muniz and Juan Rendón. The documentary narrates the story of how a small round object such as a soccer ball can transform the lives of individuals and communities around the world. It explores the passion for soccer in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Sierra Leone, China and Pakistan. Throughout the documentary, there are interviews with children from the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, with American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and other personalities.

Emilio Azcárraga Jean
Emilio Fernando Azcárraga Jean (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmiljo asˈkaraɣa ʝin] ⓘ; born 21 February 1968) is a Mexican businessman who is the chairman of mass media company Televisa and professional football team Club América.

In 1997, at the age of 29, Azcárraga Jean became the CEO of Grupo Televisa – which had been founded by his family in 1973 – following the death of his father Emilio Azcárraga Milmo. He led Televisa for twenty years, and was credited with the financial turnaround of a highly indebted and struggling company. Under Azcárraga Jean, Televisa expanded its satellite TV, cable and telecommunications businesses, however the rise of the internet and growing competition are considered the main reasons behind years of declining advertising revenue. He stepped down from his role as CEO in 2017, though still serves as the company’s chairman of the board.
Tipton-Black Willow Ranch Historic District
The Tipton-Black Willow Ranch Historic District, in Mora County
and San Miguel County in New Mexico, near Watrous, dates from 1862.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.  The listing included three contributing buildings, two contributing structures, five contributing objects, and a contributing site on 255 acres (103 ha).

Some part of it includes elements of Italianate style.

Some part of it is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Watrous.

Enoch Tipton Ranch

Architect: Tipton, Enoch; Tipton, Charles Q.
Architecture: Italianate
Historic function: Domestic; Agriculture/subsistence; Funerary
Historic subfunction: Single Dwelling; Agricultural Outbuildings; Irrigation Facility; Cemetery
Criteria: event, architecture/engineering

Watrous, New Mexico
Watrous is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mora County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 99 as of the 2020 census, down from 135 in 2010. Watrous has a post office with ZIP code 87753, which opened on April 14, 1868. The community is located along Interstate 25. It was named after merchant and landowner Samuel Watrous, who moved to New Mexico from Vermont in 1835.