hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lars Mathias Hille Esmark
Lars Mathias Hille Esmark (9 May 1908 – 18 July 1998) was a Norwegian civil servant and business person in the tourist industry.

He was born in Voss Municipality, and graduated as cand.jur. in 1932. From 1935 he was appointed hotel inspector for the government. In this position he was responsible for deciding which overnight accommodations that qualified as hotels. After World War II he was appointed the government's tourist manager. From 1964 he was manager of the travel agency Bennett Reisebureau. He was a board member of the Norwegian Trekking Association, and eventually also chairman of the organization. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1961. He was Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog and of the Order of the Polar Star.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Pillanleufú River
Pillanleufú River (Mapudungun for river of the pillán) is a river in Futrono, southern Chile. It drains waters from the southern and eastern slopes of Mocho-Choshuenco volcano to Maihue Lake, which in turn flows by Calcurrupe River into Ranco Lake. The river flows in a north-south direction along the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault.

Lake Ranco
Lake Ranco (Spanish: Lago Ranco) is situated in the Ranco Province of Los Ríos Region in Chile. Covering an area of 442 km2, it is the largest lake in the Los Ríos Region and the fourth largest in Chile. It has approximately 25 islands and islets, but only 4 are currently inhabited.

The lake is known for sport fishing and offers attractions like La Piedra Mesa and the Nilahue waterfall. Popular spots like Coique Beach attract both residents and visitors. The town of Lago Ranco, founded in 1941, is rich in native vegetation. Its name originates from the Mapudungun language, meaning "water with waves." Around 30 indigenous communities live along its shores.
Fernando Huergo
Fernando Ignacio Huergo Tonnelier (31 July 1908 – 3 April 1995) was an Argentine fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Huergo won a silver medal at the 1951 Pan American Games and a bronze medal at the 1955 Pan American Games. He was also the President of the Argentine Olympic Committee from 1955 to 1957.

1955 Pan American Games
The 1955 Pan American Games, officially known as II Pan American Games (Spanish: II Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1955 (Spanish: México 1955), opened on March 12, 1955, at University Stadium in Mexico City, Mexico, in front of a capacity crowd of 100,000 spectators.

A total of 2,583 athletes from 22 nations marched in review and formed ranks upon the infield. The nations paraded into the stadium in Spanish alphabetical order:  Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Mexico. The hot sun, combined with the high altitude, caused two members of the U.S. team to collapse. Both quickly recovered.
Portraits, Inc.
Portraits, Inc., is the world's oldest and largest commissioned portrait company. Founded in New York City in 1942, Portraits, Inc. specializes in commissioned paintings or sculptures. Today the agency represents over 100 of today's commissioned portrait artists.
For over 80 years, the company has been women-owned and operated, with a network of trained associates across the United States. Recent notable commissions include painted portraits of Condoleezza Rice, General George W. Casey, Jr., Tommy Lasorda, Governor Nikki Haley, Michael Chertoff, General Martin E. Dempsey, James Gilmore, Tom Ridge, Francis J. Harvey, Ann Veneman, Timothy Kaine, Leon Panetta, and U.S. White House cabinet officials.

Martin Dempsey
Martin Edward "Marty" Dempsey (born 14 March 1952) is an American retired military officer who served as the 18th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2011 to September 2015. He previously served as the 37th chief of Staff of the Army from April to September 2011. Before that, he served as Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, from December 2008 to April 2011, as acting commander, U.S. Central Command, from March to October 2008, as deputy commander, U.S. Central Command, from August 2007 to March 2008, and as commanding general, Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq (MNSTC-I), from August 2005 to August 2007.  Dempsey assumed his assignment as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in October 2011, and stepped down from the chairmanship in September 2015. He has served as a professor at Duke University and as chairman of USA Basketball.
Gauss curvature flow
In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and geometric analysis, the Gauss curvature flow is a geometric flow for oriented hypersurfaces of Riemannian manifolds. In the case of curves in a two-dimensional manifold, it is identical with the curve shortening flow. The mean curvature flow is a different geometric flow which also has the curve shortening flow as a special case.

Journal of Differential Geometry
The Journal of Differential Geometry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics published by International Press on behalf of Lehigh University in 3 volumes of 3 issues each per year. The journal publishes an annual supplement in book form called Surveys in Differential Geometry. It covers differential geometry and related subjects such as differential equations, mathematical physics, algebraic geometry, and geometric topology. The  editor-in-chief is Shing-Tung Yau of Harvard University.
Lophoptychium
Lophoptychium is a subgenus of extinct lychniscosidan hexasterophoran sea sponge in the genus Coeloptychium.  It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Coeloptychium lobatum, the remains of which have been found in Santonian-Maastrichtian-aged deposits in Germany and Poland.

Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.
Starorussky (rural locality)
Starorussky (Russian: Старору́сский; masculine), Starorusskaya (Старору́сская; feminine), or Starorusskoye (Старору́сское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Starorusskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Khrabrovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Starorusskoye, Leningrad Oblast, a logging depot settlement in Polyanskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast

Starorusskoye, Sakhalin Oblast, a selo under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Oblast

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Philippe Giusiano
Philippe Giusiano (born 1973, in Marseille) is a French classical pianist.

In 1990, he took part at the XII International Chopin Piano Competition, obtaining an Honourable Mention. Five years later, Giusiano took part in the XIII competition and made it to the finals along with Alexei Sultanov and Gabriela Montero. With the 1st prize being declared void, Giusiano and Sultanov shared the 2nd prize.

Giusiano's teachers have included Odile Poisson (Conservatoire de Marseille), Pierre Barbizet (idem ), Jean-Claude Pennetier (Paris Conservatory), Jacques Rouvier (idem), Karl-Heinz Kämmerling (Universität Mozarteum Salzburg), and Jan Wijn (Conservatorium van Amsterdam).

Jan Wijn
Jan Wijn (19 May 1934 – 12 July 2022) was a Dutch pianist and pedagogue.

Wijn studied at the Amsterdam Conservatory under Cornelius Berkhout, where he received his diploma in 1955. He then studied under Béla Síki in Switzerland and Alicia de Larrocha in Spain. In 1960, Jan Wijn won first place in the "concours van Ourense" (international piano competition in Ourense (Spain)). Up to 1975 Jan Wijn had an international as well as national career. Problems with his right hand caused him to retire from 1976 to 1997, although he continued to play with only his left hand and eventually regained full mobility.

His students included Ronald Brautigam, Wibi Soerjadi, Hans Eijsackers, Paolo Giacometti, Frank Peters, Folke Nauta, Miguel Ituarte, Lucas & Arthur Jussen, and Nino Gvetadze.
Kassab
Kassab is a surname, a variant of Qasab.  Other variants of the name are Cassab and Casap (especially in Latin America). Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro Hagano Cassab aka Gran Sandy (1937-2005), Bolivian-Argentine comedian and entertainer

Barbara Kassab-Every (1945−2013), Dutch artist

Freddy Kassab, involved in the Fatal Vision controversy

Jibrail Kassab (born 1938), bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church in Australia

Gilberto Kassab (born 1960), Brazilian politician, mayor of São Paulo

May Kassab (born 1981), Egyptian singer

Nimatullah Kassab (1808−1858), Lebanese monk, scholar and saint

Théophile Georges Kassab (1945−2013), Syrian Syriac Catholic archbishop

Yumna Kassab, Australian novelist

Jibrail Kassab
Jibrail Kassab (born 5 August 1938) was a bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church who presided over the Eparchy of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Sydney in Australia. He was the bishop of this diocese since its inception on 21 October 2006 until his retirement in 2015.  His bishopric was based at St Thomas the Apostle Chaldean Catholic Church, Bossley Park, New South Wales.

Kassab was born in Tel Keppe, Iraq, to an Assyrian family. He was ordained a priest on 19 January 1961. Following 35 years of service in the priesthood, he was elevated to the episcopate by the then Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans, Mar Raphael I Bidawid. Upon his installation, his first post was to serve as archbishop of the  Archeparchy of Basra.

Following the difficult plight of Iraq's Chaldean Christians during the Iraq War, Pope Benedict XVI transferred Kassab to a safer area and created a diocese in Sydney that would cover all of Australia and New Zealand; he installed Kassab as its head prelate.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs in the third trimester or the immediate period after delivery.  It is thought to be caused by a disordered metabolism of fatty acids by mitochondria in the fetus, caused by long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. This leads to decreased metabolism of long-chain fatty acids by the fetoplacental unit, causing a subsequent rise in hepatotoxic fatty acids in maternal plasma. The condition was previously thought to be universally fatal, but aggressive treatment by stabilizing the mother with intravenous fluids and blood products in anticipation of early delivery has improved prognosis.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
Ameritech Cup
The Ameritech Cup (known also as the Virginia Slims of Chicago and the Avon Championships of Chicago) is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament held every year from 1971 until 1997 in Chicago, Illinois in the United States. Its sponsors were Virginia Slims from 1971 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1994, Avon from 1979 to 1982 and Ameritech from 1995 to 1997. The tournament was classified as Tier III in 1988-1989, Tier I in 1990 and Tier II until 1997, and was played on indoor carpet courts.

Martina Navratilova was the most successful player at the tournament, winning the singles competition 12 times and the doubles competition 7 times. Past champions also include former No. 1 players Chris Evert (1977), Monica Seles (1993) and Lindsay Davenport (1997).

Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 98 weeks (including as the year-end No. 1 four times), and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 32 weeks. Davenport won 55 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors (the 1998 US Open, 1999 Wimbledon Championships, and 2000 Australian Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and the 1999 Tour Finals. She also won 38 doubles titles, including three majors (the 1996 French Open, 1997 US Open, and the 1999 Wimbledon Championships) and three consecutive Tour Finals.

In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked Davenport as the 29th-greatest player (male or female) of the preceding 40 years. She amassed career-earnings of US$22,166,338; formerly first in the all-time rankings. Davenport was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2014.
2019 Hokkaido gubernatorial election
The 2019 Hokkaido gubernatorial election was held on 7 April 2019 to elect the next governor of Hokkaido Prefecture. After serving four terms, incumbent Governor Harumi Takahashi decided not to seek re-election. The election resulted in a landslide victory for Naomichi Suzuki, the former mayor of Yūbari, who won 62% of the popular vote. His opponent, Tomohiro Ishikawa, had the support of CDP, JCP, SDP and DPFP, but only managed to secure 37% of the vote.

Harumi Takahashi
Harumi Takahashi (高橋 はるみ, Takahashi Harumi; born 6 January 1954) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and currently a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature).
Chilkat Valley News
The Chilkat Valley News is a weekly newspaper serving the Chilkat Valley/Haines Borough area of Southeast Alaska. The paper principally serves the communities of Haines, where it is published, and Klukwan. It is printed in Petersburg and published on Thursdays.

The newspaper features local news, obituaries, and "Duly Noted," an about-town column written by locals, including Doris Ward and Heather Lende (author, National Public Radio commentator, and Anchorage Daily News columnist.)

Klukwan, Alaska
Klukwan (Tlingit: Tlákw.aan) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alaska, United States. It is technically in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, though it is an enclave of Haines Borough. At the 2010 census the population was 95, down from 139 at the 2000 census.

The Chilkat Indian Village, a federally recognized tribe, is headquartered in Klukwan.
2022–23 PSA World Tour
The 2022–23 PSA World Tour is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2022–23 squash season. It's the 8th PSA season since the merger of PSA and WSA associations in 2015.

The most important tournaments in the series are the PSA World Championship for Men's and Women's. The tour also features two circuits of regular events—PSA World Tour (formerly PSA World Series), which feature the highest prize money and the best fields; and PSA Challenger Tour with prize money ranging $5,500–$30,000. In the middle of the year (usually in June), the PSA World Tour tour is concluded by the Men's and Women's PSA World Tour Finals in Cairo, the season-ending championships for the top 8 rated players from World Tour level tournaments.

2023 PSA Women's World Squash Championship
The 2023 PSA Women's World Squash Championship was the 2023 women's edition of the World Squash Championships, which served as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Chicago, United States from 3 to 11 May 2023. It was the third time that Chicago hosted the PSA World Championships after 2018–19 & 2020–21 editions.

Top seeds Nº1 Nouran Gohar and N2º Nour El Sherbini met in the final, marking the 14th Gohar–El Sherbini PSA series final. El Sherbini who led the head to head in finals 10–3 won her seventh World Championship title (and fifth in a row). Gohar continues to look for an elusive first World Championship title after losing in 2021 and 2022 (both vs. El Sherbini).
Allium nutans
Allium nutans, English common name Siberian chives or blue chives, is a species of onion native to  European Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Asiatic Russia (Altay Krai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Western Siberia, Amur Oblast). It grows in wet meadows and other damp locations.

Allium nutans has one or two bulbs up to 1.5 to 2.0 cm (5⁄8 to 3⁄4 in) in diameter. Scapes are winged and 2-angled, 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) tall. Leaves are flat, tapering at both ends, 6 to 10 mm (0.24 to 0.39 in) wide at the widest spot (rarely to 15 mm or 0.59 in), about half as long as the scapes. Umbels are spherical, with many pink to pale purple flowers.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Spain at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Spain competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 229 competitors, 200 men and 29 women, took part in 130 events in 24 sports. At the closing ceremony, a short Catalan segment was performed on a part of the Olympic Stadium, as the country hosted the next Olympics in Barcelona.

As of 2024, this is the most recent time that Spain did not win at least eleven medals or three gold medals.

Joaquín Fernández (swimmer)
Joaquín Fernández Corredor (born 22 January 1971 in Mataró, Catalonia) is a former medley and breaststroke swimmer from Spain. He competed at three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea.
Marine Department (Royal Navy)
The Marine Department, originally called the Marine Office, was created in 1755 as a result of the formation of the Corps of the Royal Marines and was a department within the Admiralty. The department was a civilian secretariat responsible for corresponding with the various Royal Marine Divisions. It existed until 1809 when its functions were merged into the Marine Pay Department. The department was administered by the First Secretary of the Marine who was supported by a deputy the Second Secretary of the Marine.

William Marsden (orientalist)
William Marsden FRS FSA (16 November 1754 – 6 October 1836) was an Irish orientalist, numismatist, and linguist who served as Second, then First Secretary to the Admiralty during years of conflict with France.
Leslie Caveny
Leslie Caveny is an American film and television writer and producer. Caveny was a staff writer and producer for Everybody Loves Raymond for several years in which she shared the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.

She later went on to write the screenplay for Penelope. She co-wrote the screenplay for the cancelled Pixar film Newt. Caveny is also a playwright. Her published play "Love of a Pig" originated at Theatre West in Los Angeles, and moved to Dublin and New York City. She also had another, The Survival of the Fiddest, at Theatre West in 1995, where she continues as a member artist.

Caveny grew up in a housing community called Jefferson Estates in West Windsor Township, New Jersey, and attended West Windsor-Plainsboro High School (now West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South) until 1978, when she transferred to a private boarding school, Peddie School, in Hightstown, New Jersey, from 1978 to 1980, graduating in 1980. Caveny attended Boston University.

West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South
West Windsor-Plainsboro High School South (known locally as WW-P South or South) is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in the Princeton Junction section of West Windsor in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades. The school is part of the West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District, a regional school district serving students from West Windsor and from Plainsboro Township (in Middlesex County). It is one of two high schools in the district, the other being West Windsor-Plainsboro High School North.

Students at High School South outperform other students in New Jersey on college admissions tests, scoring an average of 1351/1600 on the SAT compared to New Jersey students' average of 1080/1600. The school determines both unweighted and weighted GPAs for students and does not rank students with the exception of the top five in every graduating class.
Greenock West railway station
Greenock West railway station is a station in Greenock, Scotland, located on the Inverclyde Line which runs from Gourock to Glasgow Central. The route is currently operated by ScotRail under the auspices of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport. Each service to and from Glasgow on the Inverclyde Line stops at this station.

Inverclyde Line
The Inverclyde Line is a railway line running from Glasgow Central station through Paisley (Gilmour Street) and a series of stations to the south of the River Clyde and the Firth of Clyde, terminating at Gourock and Wemyss Bay, where it connects to Caledonian MacBrayne ferry services. The line has been in operation since the 1840s between Glasgow and Greenock and was the first passenger service to follow the River Clyde to the coast. The line was electrified in 1967.