hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Whitwell
Joseph Fry Whitwell (22 February 1869 – 6 November 1932) was an English amateur first-class cricketer, who played one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club, against Nottinghamshire, at Trent Bridge in 1890.

Born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Yorkshire, England, Whitwell was a right-handed batsman, who scored four runs in both innings, and took one wicket for eleven runs.  His only first-class victim, with his right arm medium pace, was William Scotton bowled for 20. Whitwell also played for Durham from 1895 to 1902, and was their captain from 1899 to 1902.

An ironmaster by trade, Whitwell also played for Norton C.C. and Saltburn C.C., plus he led Durham to the Minor Counties Championship title in 1901.

Whitwell died in November 1932, in Langbaurgh Hall, Great Ayton, Yorkshire having committed suicide by shooting himself. His brother, William Whitwell, played ten matches for Yorkshire.

Great Ayton
Great Ayton is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. The River Leven (a tributary of the River Tees) flows through the village, which lies just north of the North York Moors. According to the 2021 Census, the parish has a population of 4,346.
Habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and  ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the population fluctuation of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.

Generalist and specialist species
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Most organisms do not all fit neatly into either group, however. Some species are highly specialized (the most extreme case being monophagous, eating one specific type of food), others less so, and some can tolerate many different environments. In other words, there is a continuum from highly specialized to broadly generalist species.
Crypto-Calvinism
Crypto-Calvinism is a pejorative term describing a segment of those members of the Lutheran Church in Germany who were accused of secretly subscribing to Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist in the decades immediately after the death of Martin Luther in 1546. It denotes what was seen as a hidden (crypto- from Greek: κρύπτω meaning "to hide, conceal, to be hid") Calvinist belief, i.e., the doctrines of John Calvin, by members of the Lutheran Church. The term crypto-Calvinist in Lutheranism was preceded by terms Zwinglian and Sacramentarian. Also, Jansenism has been accused of crypto-Calvinism by Roman Catholics.

Matthias Flacius
Matthias Flacius Illyricus (Latin; Croatian: Matija Vlačić Ilirik) or Francovich (Croatian: Franković) (3 March 1520 – 11 March 1575) was a Lutheran reformer from Istria, present-day Croatia. He was notable as a theologian, sometimes dissenting strongly with his fellow Lutherans, and as a scholar for his editorial work on the Magdeburg Centuries.
Vohilaid
Vohilaid (German: Wohhi) is a small Estonian island in the Hari Strait of the Väinameri in the Baltic Sea. It is approximately 416 hectares (1,030 acres) and the highest point is approximately ten feet (3.0 m) above sea level.

Hari Strait
The Hari Strait (Estonian: Hari kurk) is a strait in Estonia, located between Hiiumaa and Vormsi; this strait is part of Väinameri.

The strait's width is 10 to 13 km, and its depth mostly some meters.

Several islets are located in the strait, including Hellamaa rahu and Kadakalaid.
Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Sunday, August 15, 1920, and on Monday, August 16, 1920. 19 runners from 9 nations competed. Nations were limited to 4 hurdlers each. The event was won by Frank Loomis of the United States, the fourth consecutive victory (in four appearances of the event) by an American. The United States secured its second sweep in the event, and first with other nations competing (only Americans had run in 1900), with John Norton taking silver and August Desch bronze.

August Desch
August George "Gus" Desch (December 12, 1898 – November 1964) was an American track and field athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metre hurdles. He was born in Newark, New Jersey and died in Evanston, Illinois.

Desch competed for the United States in the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp, Belgium in the 400 metre hurdles where he won the bronze medal. Desch also played half back for Knute Rockne at the University of Notre Dame. He won Notre Dame's first ever track title when he won the 220-yard low hurdles at the 1921 Outdoor NCAA Track Championships.
Rupa M. Marak
Rupa M. Marak (born 1987) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly representing the All India Trinamool Congress. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election from Dadenggre Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in West Garo Hills district.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Takahiro Miura
Takahiro Miura (三浦 貴大, Miura Takahiro; born 10 November 1985, in Tokyo) is a Japanese actor. He graduated from Juntendo University Sports Health Science Department. He is represented with Anoré. His father is Tomokazu Miura who is also an actor, his mother is an actress and a former singer Momoe Yamaguchi, and his brother is a singer-songwriter and an actor Yutaro Miura.

Juntendo University
Juntendo University (順天堂大学, Juntendō Daigaku) is a private university in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. Its headquarters are on its campus in Bunkyo, for the School of Medicine and in Inzai, Chiba, for the School of Health and Sports Science. The university was established in 1946, although it can find its roots in a medical school founded in 1838. It is nicknamed Jundai.
1977 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1977 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. Led by third-year head coach Jim Carlen, the Gamecocks compiled a record of 5–7. The team played its home games at Williams–Brice Stadium.

South Carolina almost made a 24-point comeback against archrival No. 15 Clemson at home, but ultimately lost after Tigers wide receiver Jerry Butler made "The Catch" to retake the lead with twenty seconds left in the game. ESPN would later rank this as the 112th greatest college football game of all time, the only time South Carolina appeared on the list. The Gamecocks finished with their first losing season since 1974.

1974 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1974 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent in the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. Led by Paul Dietzel, in his ninth and final season as head coach, the Gamecocks compiled a record of 4–7. The team played home games at Williams–Brice Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina.

Following an 0–2 start, Dietzel announced he would be resigning as head coach at the end of the season, but stated his wishes to remain as athletic director. Dietzel finished his tenure at South Carolina with a 42–53–1 record.
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași
The Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași (Romanian: Universitatea Tehnică „Gheorghe Asachi” din Iași; acronym: TUIASI) is a public university located in Iași, Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. Classified by the Ministry of Education as an advanced research and education university, it has the oldest tradition in Romania in engineering education. Gheorghe Asachi Technical University is a member of the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Joana Galeano
Joana Beatriz Galeano (born 9 August 1988) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Libertad/Limpeño. She has been a member of the Paraguay women's national team. She is also a futsal player.

Club Libertad
Club Libertad is a Paraguayan professional football club based in Asunción that currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División. The club plays its home games at Estadio Tigo La Huerta; which holds 15,000 people.

Founded in 1905, Libertad is the third most successful Paraguayan football club, winning 26 national titles, only behind rivals Olimpia and Cerro Porteño.
Savoy Mountain State Forest
Savoy Mountain State Forest is a Massachusetts state forest located primarily in the towns of Savoy and Florida, with portions extending into neighboring Adams and North Adams. Situated along the Hoosac Mountain Range, it features four ponds (North, South, Bog, and Burnett), and seven hill and mountain summits, including Lewis Hill (2177 ft), Flat Rock Hill (2195 ft), Spruce Hill (2566 ft), and Borden Mountain (2505 ft).  Also within the forest are at least two notable waterfalls, Parker Brook Falls and Tannery Falls, the latter of which is a 100-foot (30 m) drop. The forest is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Hoosac Range
The Hoosac Range is a mountain range that forms the western edge of the northwest Berkshire Plateau of western Massachusetts, an extension of the southern Green Mountains of Vermont, which are part of the greater Appalachian Mountain chain.  The mountains rise dramatically from the valleys of the Hoosic and North Hoosic rivers to the west, and the deep gorge of the upper Deerfield River valley to the east.  The west branch of the Deerfield River defines the northern terminus of the range near Heartwellville, Vermont. The range features the Berkshires' high point, Crum Hill, which is located in the town of Monroe, Massachusetts.

The 4.75-mile-long (7.64 km) Hoosac Tunnel passes through the range.
Yusuke Ishijima
Yusuke Ishijima (石島 雄介, Ishijima Yūsuke; born 9 January 1984) is a former Japanese male volleyball player. He was part of the Japan men's national volleyball team. He competed with the national team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. He played with Osaka Blazers Sakai in 2005–2006 season, then transferred to Italian club one season and backed to Sakai again until 2017.

He also participated in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in beach volleyball.

Osaka Blazers Sakai
Osaka Blazers Sakai is a men's professional volleyball team based in Sakai city, Osaka, Japan. It plays in the V.Premier League.

The club was founded in 1939 as part of the Kitakyushu, Fukuoka-based Yawata Steel athletic club which also included football club Yawata Steel F.C. In 1969 the volleyball section split and moved to Sakai.

On October 2, 2023, the club changed its name into Nippon Steel Sakai Blazers.
Horsecore: An Unrelated Story That's Time Consuming
Horsecore: An Unrelated Story That's Time Consuming is the debut album by the Houston, Texas based death/thrash metal band Dead Horse. It was released in 1989 on the independent label Death Ride Records, and again ten years later on Relapse Records, with accompanying bonus tracks consisting of the material from their 1988 demo Death Rides a Dead Horse.

Relapse Records
Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990. The label features many grindcore, death metal, metalcore and sludge metal artists.
Argungu Emirate
The Argungu Emirate, also known as the Kebbi Emirate is a traditional state based on the town of Argungu in Kebbi State, Nigeria. It is the successor to the ancient Hausa Kingdom of Kebbi.
The Emirate is one of four in Kebbi State, the others being the Gwandu Emirate, Yauri Emirate and Zuru Emirate.

Hausa Kingdoms
Hausa Kingdoms (Masarautun Hausa), also known as Hausaland (Kasar Hausa), was a collection of states ruled by the Hausa people, before the Fulani jihads. It was situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria). Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic empires of Ancient Ghana, Mali and Songhai and the Eastern Sudanic empire of Kanem-Bornu.

Hausa oral traditions detail the Bayajidda legend, which describes the adventures of the Baghdadi hero, Bayajidda, culminating in the killing of the snake in a well at Daura and his marriage to the local queen Magajiya Daurama. According to the legend, Bayajidda's descendants founded the Hausa Bakwai (seven "true" states), as well as the Hausa Banza ("bastard" or "illegitimate" states).
Nathaniel S. Wheeler House
The Nathaniel S. Wheeler House is a private residence located at 7075 M-50 (known locally as West Monroe Street) just north of the village of Onsted in rural Cambridge Township in Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on July 26, 1974, and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1975.

Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.

Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, Michigan, micropolitan statistical area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens, and Huron tribes.
Coolaney
Coolaney (Irish: Cúil Áine, meaning 'Áine's Corner') is a village in County Sligo, Ireland. Coolaney sits at the foot of the Ox Mountains with the river Owen Beg running through it around which is a walk. The remains of an old mill are located along the riverside walk, and the remains of the sluices under the mill can still be clearly seen, as well as the outfalls into the nearby river. The village is 13 km south-west of Sligo town (18 km by road).

Ox Mountains
The Ox Mountains or Slieve Gamph (Irish: Sliabh Gamh, 'storm mountains') are a mountain range in County Sligo on the west coast of Ireland. They are also known as Saint Patrick's Mountains after the saint who built churches on its slopes and left his name to some of its wells.
Lake Profound
Profound Lake or Lake Profound (62°11′S 58°55′W﻿ / ﻿62.183°S 58.917°W﻿ / -62.183; -58.917) is a lake 400 metres (1⁄4 mi) northwest of Jasper Point in northeast Fildes Peninsula, King George Island. The feature was named "Ozero Glubokoye" (deep lake) by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition working from Bellingshausen Station from 1968, but both forms of the name were already in use in Antarctica. The United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) amended the name in 1979 to avoid duplication.

Also known as Lago Uruguay or Uruguay Lake, it is the lake closest to the Uruguayan scientific station Artigas Base and is therefore used as a water source for the station.

Jasper Point
Jasper Point (62°11′23″S 58°54′21″W﻿ / ﻿62.18986°S 58.90592°W﻿ / -62.18986; -58.90592) is the northeastern entrance point to Norma Cove, Fildes Peninsula, on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. The point is bounded by cliffs of black and buff rocks, in which occur veins of red and green jasper. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee following geological work by the British Antarctic Survey in 1975–76.
Electoral history of Emmerson Mnangagwa
Emmerson Mnangagwa is the third and current President of Zimbabwe since 24 November 2017. Previously, he served as Vice-President of Zimbabwe from 2014 to 2017, and in various cabinet portfolios before that. Mnangagwa was a member of the Parliament of Zimbabwe from 1985 to 2015.

Vice-President of Zimbabwe
The vice-president of Zimbabwe is the second highest political position obtainable in Zimbabwe. Between 1987 and 1990, there was a provision for only one vice-president; since 1990 there is a provision for two. The vice-presidents are appointed by the president of Zimbabwe, and are designated as "First" and "Second" in the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the designation reflects their position in the presidential order of succession.

Under the ruling ZANU–PF party, the vice-presidential post ranked first in the order of succession has traditionally been reserved for a representative of the party's historical ZANU wing (mainly ethnic Shona), while the other vice-presidential post has gone to a representative of the party's historical ZAPU wing (mainly ethnic Northern Ndebele).
1923 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1923 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It was the first championship to be completed in the aftermath of the Irish revolutionary period.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 12 October 1924 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Offaly and Cork in what was their first ever championship meeting. Offaly won the match by 3-04 to 3-02 to claim their first ever championship title.

Offaly GAA
The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Bord Contae Uíbh Fhailí de Chumann Lúthchleas Gael) or Offaly GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Offaly. Separate county boards are also responsible for the Offaly county teams.

The county hurling team won All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles during the 1980s and 1990s. The county football team won All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) titles during the 1970s and 1980s.
The Lost Face
The Lost Face (German: Das verlorene Gesicht) is a 1948 German drama film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Marianne Hoppe, Gustav Fröhlich and Richard Häussler. The plot of a woman with two divided personalities caused by a recent trauma drew inspiration from the Gainsborough Melodrama Madonna of the Seven Moons which had been extremely popular on its release in Germany.

It was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich with location shooting taking place in Heidelberg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Kuhnert.

Madonna of the Seven Moons
Madonna of the Seven Moons is a 1945 British drama film starring Phyllis Calvert, Stewart Granger and Patricia Roc.  Directed by Arthur Crabtree for Gainsborough Pictures, the film was produced by Rubeigh James Minney, with cinematography from Jack Cox and screenplay by Roland Pertwee. It was one of the Gainsborough melodramas of the mid-1940s popular with WW2-era female audiences.
Solstice-class cruise ship
The Solstice class is a class of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The class is constructed by Meyer Werft of Germany. At present, there are five active Solstice-class ships: the lead vessel of the class, Celebrity Solstice; the second ship of the class, Celebrity Equinox; and the third ship of the class, Celebrity Eclipse, which was delivered on 15 April 2010. The fourth ship, Celebrity Silhouette, sailed on her maiden voyage on 23 July 2011; and the fifth, Celebrity Reflection, was launched in August 2012. The first Solstice-class ship, Celebrity Solstice entered service in November 2008 and is the namesake of the class. All Solstice-class vessels have post-Panamax dimensions.

Celebrity Solstice was, at 122,000 gross tonnage (GT), the largest ship to be built at a German shipyard, but this record was surpassed by the Disney Dream, a 128,000 GT cruise ship of the Disney Cruise Line.

Royal Caribbean Group
Royal Caribbean Group, formerly known as Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., is a cruise holding company headquartered in Miami, Florida, United States and incorporated in Liberia. It is the world's second-largest cruise line operator, after Carnival Corporation & plc. As of September 2025, Royal Caribbean Group fully owns three cruise lines: Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises, and Silversea Cruises. It also holds a 50% stake in TUI Cruises, which operates Mein Schiff and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, with the Group's global fleet consisting of 69 ships.
Alderney Lifeboat Station
Alderney Lifeboat Station is located at Braye Harbour, on the island of Alderney, the northernmost of the inhabited Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown dependency.

A lifeboat was first stationed at St Anne on Alderney by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1869, but was closed in 1884. The station was re-established 100 years later at Braye harbour in 1984.

The station currently operates an Trent-class All-weather lifeboat, 14-29 Inner Wheel II (ON 1245), on station since 2024.

Shannon-class lifeboat
The Shannon-class lifeboat (previously FCB2 – Fast Carriage Boat 2) is the latest class of lifeboat currently being deployed to the RNLI fleet to serve the shores of the British Isles. While the Shannon class has mainly replaced the Mersey-class lifeboats, it has also replaced some Tyne-class and Trent-class lifeboats, and a Severn-class lifeboat.

All of the following fleet details are referenced to the 2026 Lifeboat Enthusiast Society Handbook, with information retrieved directly from RNLI records.
Ubouzanes
Ubouzanes (Greek: ΥΒΟΥΖΑΝΗϹ Ubouzanēs (epigraphic)) was a ruler of the remnants of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in Arachosia in the first century CE. He was the son of Orthagnes. He was unknown until the late 20th century when a hoard of coins was found in Jammu. Numismatist Joe Cribb first analyzed them in 1985, discovering some belonged to a new ruler. Cribb placed him between Orthagnes and Pacores

Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist, researcher, and/or well-informed collector of numismatics/coins ("of coins"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists can include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholar-researchers who use coins (and possibly, other currency) in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before then all over the world. The branch of numismatics that deals with the study and collection of paper currency and banknotes is called notaphily.