hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manchester Journal
The Manchester Journal is a weekly newspaper in Manchester, Vermont. The paper, founded by Charles A. Pierce, published its first issue on May 28, 1861. According to the American Newspapers Representative database, the Manchester Journal has a weekly circulation of 7,088 and is distributed every Friday.

In 2012, the State of Vermont House of Representatives passed a Concurrent House Resolution (H.C.R. 39) congratulating the paper on its 150-year anniversary. The text of the resolution stated: “a reliable newspaper is an essential adjunct to facilitate the activities that transpire in a community such as Manchester, and whereas, since 1861, the Manchester Journal has ably fulfilled this role, chronicling the events of the day, promoting mercantile activity, and serving as a repository for legal notices…”

Vermont House of Representatives
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of Vermont. The House comprises 150 members, with each member representing around 4,100 citizens. Representatives are elected to two-year terms without term limits.

Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836. It added a senate by constitutional amendment. The House meets in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House in Montpelier. It is the only U.S. state legislature whose debating chamber seating layout comes closer to that of the Westminster-style parliament found elsewhere, being similar to debating chambers in Australian state parliaments.
Jesús Feliciano
Jesús Feliciano (born June 6, 1979) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball outfielder and coach. He most recently served as the first base coach for the Los Angeles Angels of the Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the New York Mets.

Northwest League
The Northwest League is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the Northwestern United States and Western Canada. A Class A Short Season league for most of its history, the league was promoted to High-A as part of Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league operated as the High-A West in 2021, then resumed its original moniker in 2022.
Gluster
Gluster Inc. (formerly known as Z RESEARCH) was a software company that provided an open source platform for scale-out public and private cloud storage. The company was privately funded and headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with an engineering center in Bangalore, India. Gluster was funded by Nexus Venture Partners and Index Ventures. Gluster was acquired by Red Hat on October 7, 2011.

Ceph (software)
Ceph (pronounced /ˈsɛf/) is a free and open-source software-defined storage platform that provides object storage, block storage, and file storage built on a common distributed cluster foundation. Ceph provides distributed operation without a single point of failure and scalability to the exabyte level. Since version 12 (Luminous), Ceph does not rely on any conventional filesystem and directly manages HDDs and SSDs with its own storage backend BlueStore and can expose a POSIX filesystem.

Ceph replicates data with fault tolerance, using commodity hardware and Ethernet IP and requiring no specific hardware support. Ceph is highly available and ensures strong data durability through techniques including replication, erasure coding, snapshots and clones. By design, the system is both self-healing and self-managing, minimizing administration time and other costs.

Large-scale production Ceph deployments include CERN, OVH and DigitalOcean.
Baillargues
Baillargues (French pronunciation: [bajaʁɡ] ⓘ; Occitan: Balhargues) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Baillargues station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Zuhair Ghunaim
Zuhair Hussain Ghunaim (Arabic: الدكتور زهير حسين غنيم) from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia served as the Secretary General of the International Union of Muslim Scouts.

In 2012, Ghunaim was awarded the 336th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Ghunaim studied at Institut Supérieur d'Informatique et de Multimédia de Sfax and lives in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

University of Sfax
The University of Sfax (Arabic: جامعة صفاقس French: Université de Sfax) is a university located in Sfax, Tunisia. It was founded in 1986 under the name University of the South with the purpose of covering all academic institutions in Southern Tunisia. It is divided into three universities, including the current University of Sfax, with the creation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004.
Maria Ghezzi
Maria Ghezzi (23 February 1927 in Bresso, Italy – 22 February 2021 in Milan) was an Italian designer, illustrator, and painter. She was a specialist in the design of the rebus of the Week Puzzles, to which she devoted her professional life. In the enigmatic field, she was known under the pseudonym La Brighella.

Bresso
Bresso (Milanese: Bress [ˈbrɛs]) is a municipality (comune) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Milan. As of 2025, it has a population of 26,530 inhabitants and a population density of 7,849 persons/km², making it the most densely populated municipality in Italy outside the Province of Naples.

Bresso borders the following municipalities: Cinisello Balsamo, Cusano Milanino, Sesto San Giovanni, Cormano, Milan.

Milan's general aviation airfield is located at Bresso and is the home of the Aero Club Milano  and Aero Club Bresso.
Lorenzo Merrill
Lorenzo Merrill (June 21, 1818 - August 15, 1895) was an American teacher, farmer, merchant, and politician from Burnett, Wisconsin who served two one-year terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

He served in the 1st Wisconsin Legislature (1848) as a Democratic member representing the 5th Dodge County Assembly district (the Towns of Fox Lake, Trenton, Calamus and Beaver Dam). He was succeeded the next year by Parker Warren, a Freesoiler. He was elected again in 1859 from the 5th district, this time as a Republican.

Although as late as 1876 he was still active as a Republican, in later years he became active in the Greenback Party, and was nominated by that movement for several positions, including Wisconsin Senate, District 11, Congressman, and state insurance commissioner.

His son, George F. Merrill, served as a Republican member of the State Senate from the same district for which his father had been a candidate.

Calamus, Wisconsin
Calamus is a town in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,005 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of South Beaver Dam is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Lost Lake is also located partially in the town.
NCAA Division III independent schools
NCAA Division III independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III level, but do not belong to an established intercollegiate athletic conference for a particular sport. These schools may however still compete as members of an athletic conference in other sports. A school may also be fully independent, and not belong to any athletic conference for any sport at all. The reason for independent status varies among institutions, but it is frequently because the school's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Aerie (magazine)
Aerie is a literary magazine established in 1996 at the University of Hartford, though the journal has roots dating back to the early 1970s. Presently, it is run through a student board. It is released annually in the spring semester, with a notable exception in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut
The first confirmed case of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. state of Connecticut was confirmed on March 8, although there had previously been multiple people suspected of having COVID-19, all of which eventually tested negative. As of January 19, 2022, there were 599,028 confirmed cases, 68,202 suspected cases, and 9,683 COVID-associated deaths in the state.

As of January 17, 2022, 2,943,928 people (81.07% of the state's population) have received at least an initial dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, and 2,573,422	people (70.86% of the state's population) have been fully vaccinated.
Parož
Parož (pronounced [ˈpaːɾɔʃ]) is a dispersed settlement in the upper valley of Dobrnica Creek, a minor right tributary of the Hudinja River, in Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Dobrna. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Plane symmetry
A plane symmetry is a symmetry of a pattern in the Euclidean plane: that is, a transformation of the plane that carries any direction lines to lines and preserves many different distances.  If one has a pattern in the plane, the set of plane symmetries that preserve the pattern forms a group.  The groups that arise in this way are plane symmetry groups and are of considerable mathematical interest.

There are several kinds of plane symmetry groups:

Reflection groups.  These are plane symmetry groups that are generated by reflections, possibly limited to reflections in lines through the origin.

Rotation groups.  These groups consist of rotations around a point.

Translation groups.

Symmetries of geometrical figures.  Some of these are reflection groups, e.g., the group of symmetries of the square or the rectangle.  The symmetry group of the flag of Hong Kong or any similar figure without an axis of symmetry is a rotation group.

Axial symmetry
Axial symmetry is symmetry around an axis or line (geometry). An object is said to be axially symmetric if its appearance is unchanged if transformed around an axis. The main types of axial symmetry are reflection symmetry and rotational symmetry (including circular symmetry for plane figures and cylindrical symmetry for surfaces of revolution). For example, a baseball bat (without trademark or other design), or a plain white tea saucer, looks the same if it is rotated by any angle about the line passing lengthwise through its center, so it is axially symmetric.

Axial symmetry can also be discrete with a fixed angle of rotation, 360°/n for n-fold symmetry.
Scott Bostwick
Scott Bostwick (June 22, 1961 – June 5, 2011) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the defensive coordinator at Northwest Missouri State University from 1994 to 2010 under head coach Mel Tjeerdsma, during which time the Bearcats captured three NCAA Division II Football Championships, in 1998, 1999, and 2009.  In 2007, Bostwick was named the AFCA Division II Assistant Coach of the Year in 2007.  He succeeded Tjeerdsma as head coach following the 2010 season, but died of a heart attack the following June.

AFCA Coach of the Year Award
The AFCA Coach of the Year Award is given annually to college football coaches by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA). Separate awards are presented at all levels of U.S. college football. The AFCA as a whole presents the award for the four divisions of NCAA football—Division I FBS, Division I FCS, Division II, and Division III—plus the NAIA. The AFCA's section for community and junior colleges presents an identical award to a head coach at a two-year institution. The award has had several different sponsors over the years, including Eastman Kodak Corporation, and thus also been named the Kodak Coach of the Year Award.
St Patrick's GAA (Sligo)
St Patrick's is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Dromard and Skreen in west County Sligo, Ireland.

Ballaghaderreen midfielder and former championship player for Mayo James Kilcullen declared for Sligo shortly after his club won the 2012 Mayo Senior Football Championship by virtue of St Patrick's being his parents' first club.

The club's most famous player is Mickey Kearins, who made his senior inter-county debut in 1961 and won seven Sligo Senior Football Championship medals with St Pat's.

Mayo Senior Football Championship
The Mayo Senior Football Championship, known for sponsorship reasons as the Connacht Gold Mayo Senior Football Championship, is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by the top Mayo GAA clubs.

As of 2025, Ballina Stephenites GAA are the title holders, having defeating Westport in the final.
Limbric
Limbric was a kind of cotton cloth with a fine warp and a soft, lustrous weft. Limbric has a peculiar construction with more pick density than the ends per inch. The fabric was used for dresses and casement curtains. Made in Limbrick, Lancashire, England originally. Standard dimensions of 72x100 were used, with a warp of 64s and a weft of 30s. The superior quality of cloth was produced by using combed yarns.

Moreen was another ribbed structure that was similar to Lambric.

Warp and weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end; a pick is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn).

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the picking stick and the flying shuttle, the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.
Coleophora pseudoditella
Coleophora pseudoditella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in France, Germany, Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and southern Russia.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Crinitaria linosyris and Galatella punctata.

Galatella linosyris
Galatella linosyris (also called goldilocks aster, and often known by the synonyms Aster linosyris and Crinitaria linosyris) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. It can also be found in Great Britain, the southern part of Scandinavia and in Asia Minor. The flowers are yellow coloured. The species have stems up to 10–50 centimetres (3.9–19.7 in), with leaves that are lanceolate. The plant does not have ray flowers, only disk florets. It blooms from July to September. The fruits are achenes. The species is under protection in the Czech Republic.
NEWater
NEWater (pronounced New-Water) is the brand name given to highly treated reclaimed wastewater produced by Singapore's Public Utilities Board. NEWater is produced by further purifying conventionally treated wastewater through microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet 
radiation. The water is potable quality and can be added to drinking water supply reservoirs where it is withdrawn and treated again in conventional water treatment plants before being distributed to consumers. However, most NEWater is currently used for non-drinking purposes, mostly by industries with production requirements for high purity water.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Helmuth Brinkmann
Helmuth Brinkmann (12 March 1895 – 26 September 1983) was a Vizeadmiral in the Kriegsmarine during World War II who captained the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Prior to World War II he commanded the aviso Grille, Adolf Hitler's state yacht. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Brinkmann surrendered to British troops in 1945 and was held until 1947.

Aviso
An aviso was originally a kind of dispatch boat or "advice boat", carrying orders before the development of effective remote communication.

The term, derived from the Portuguese and Spanish word for "advice", "notice" or "warning", an aviso, was later adopted by the French and Portuguese navies to classify their medium-sized warships designed for colonial service. The term continued to be used in the French Navy to classify the D'Estienne d'Orves-class patrol frigates until 2012, when the remaining ships of the class were reclassified as offshore patrol ships. It is equivalent to the modern use of "sloop" in other countries.
Yesshows
Yesshows is the second live album by the English progressive rock band Yes. It was released in the US on 24 November 1980 and in the UK on 19 December 1980 by Atlantic Records as the final album before the group disbanded in early 1981. Their first live album in seven years, it is compiled of recordings from their 1976, 1977, and 1978 tours from dates in North America and Europe with its mixing supervised by bassist Chris Squire.

Yesshows was remastered and expanded in 2009 by Isao Kikuchi, and published by Warner Music Japan as part of their "Yes SHM-CD Papersleeve" series.

Roger Dean (artist)
William Roger Dean (born 31 August 1944) is an English artist, designer, and publisher. He began painting posters and album covers for musicians in the late 1960s, most notably the English rock bands Yes and Asia.

The covers often feature exotic fantasy landscapes. His work has sold more than 150 million copies worldwide.
2025–26 Thai League 3 Central Region
The 2025–26 Thai League 3 Central Region is part of the 2025–26 Thai League 3 Regional Stage, consisting of 11 clubs located in the central region of Thailand. The season will commence on 13 September 2025, with clubs competing in a round-robin format featuring home-and-away matches. The Regional Stage will conclude on TBD, at which point the top two clubs will advance to the National Championship Stage, while the bottom-placed club will face relegation to the Thailand Semi-pro League for the following season. This stage highlights the vibrancy of central Thailand, where clubs compete within a diverse and dynamic landscape, reflecting the region's strategic importance in the country.

Saraburi United F.C.
Saraburi United Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอล สระบุรี ยูไนเต็ด) is a Thai professional football club based in Muak Lek, Saraburi, Thailand. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Western region.
Eileen Bransten
Eileen Bransten (December 11, 1942 – April 26, 2022) was an American judge who served in New York's state courts for nearly 25 years, including from 2008 to 2018 in Manhattan's Commercial Division, its specialized business court. She was the daughter of author Ruth McKenney and writer and editor Richard Bransten.

Business court
Business courts, sometimes referred to as commercial courts, are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law, internal business disputes, and other matters affecting businesses. In the US, they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses, heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States, for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction; and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized, as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.
Abdounodus
Abdounodus ("Abdoun tooth") is an extinct genus of mammal known from the middle Paleocene of Northern Africa. The sole species, A. hamdii, is known from teeth and jaw bones discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin of present-day Morocco in 2001.

Ouled Abdoun Basin
The Oulad Abdoun Basin (also known as the Ouled Abdoun Basin or Khouribga Basin) is a phosphate sedimentary basin located in Morocco, near the city of Khouribga. It is the largest in Morocco, comprising 44% of Morocco's phosphate reserves, and at least 26.8 billion tons of phosphate.   It is also known as an important site for vertebrate fossils, with deposits ranging from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the Eocene epoch (Ypresian), a period of about 25 million years.
Tadeusz Kwapień
Taduesz Kwapień (February 25, 1923 – November 23, 2012) was a former Polish cross-country skier who competed in the 1940s and the 1950s.

He was born in Kościelisko and died in Zakopane.

Participated in three Olympic games. He was 47th in the 18 km event, 25th in the Nordic combined and 10th in the 4 x 10 km cross-country relay at the 1948 Winter Olympics in Sankt Moritz. He finished 41st in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. In his last Olympic appearance at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo Kwapień finished 16th in the 15 km event, 12th in the 30 km event and 9th in the 4 x 10 km relay.

Cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay
The men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event. The competition was held on Tuesday, 3 February 1948. Forty-four cross-country skiers from eleven nations competed.