hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army
The 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (Russian: 14-я армия ВВС и ПВО) is an air army of the Russian Aerospace Forces, part of the Central Military District and headquartered at Yekaterinburg.

It was formed in 1998 from the 14th Independent Air Defence Army when the Russian Air Force was reorganized to combine both Air Force and Air Defence Forces units.

It was redesignated as the 2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command when the Russian Air Force reorganized its armies into commands in 2009, but returned to its original name in 2015 when the commands became armies again.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
Musicae Sacrae
Musicae Sacrae (On Sacred Music) is a 1955 encyclical by Pope Pius XII dealing with Catholic liturgical music. It updated the 1903 motu proprio Inter pastoralis officii sollicitudines, and was furtherly amended by the instruction Musicam sacram in 1967.

The encyclical continued in the tradition of Inter pastoralis officii sollicitudines of keeping a rather conservative attitude toward music used in worship.

However, the encyclical did soften some of the previous restrictions. It allowed the singing of vernacular hymns at certain places in the mass, formalizing existing practice in places such as Germany.

Musicam sacram
Musicam sacram is the title of an instruction on Roman Catholic sacred music issued by the Sacred Congregation of Rites on 5 March 1967 in conjunction with the Second Vatican Council. The instruction deals with the form and nature of worship music within the framework of Sacrosanctum concilium. According to the document, it is not a collection of "all the legislation on sacred music; it only establishes the principal norms which seem to be more necessary for our own day."
Economy of Prehispanic Mexico
The first forms of economic organization in Pre-Hispanic Mexico were agriculture and hunting activities. The first people who inhabited the Mexican lands and part of Central America were great builders and later on creators of some of the most advanced civilizations of that time.  The economy of that time, however,  was based on the commercial activities, the division of society into classes, and later the importance that was generated in the economy by the so-called Tlatoani of the Aztecs.

Obsidian
Obsidian (/əbˈsɪdi.ən, ɒb-/ əb-SID-ee-ən ob-) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silica, giving them a high viscosity. The high viscosity inhibits the diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step (nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. Together with rapid cooling, this results in a natural glass forming from the lava.

Obsidian is hard, brittle, and amorphous; it therefore fractures with sharp edges. In the past, it was used to manufacture cutting and piercing tools, and it has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.
2018 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election
The Espírito Santo gubernatorial election occurred in 7 October 2018, and elected the Governor and Vice Governor of Espírito Santo and 28 State Deputies.

The previous gubernatorial election in the state was held in October 2014, in which Paulo Hartung of the Brazilian Democratic Movement was elected in the first round with 53.44% of the votes, against 39.34% of Renato Casagrande. Hartung was eligible for a second consecutive term, but decided not to run for a re-election.

Casagrande was elected governor with 55.50% of the valid votes in the first round, against congressman Carlos Manato (PSL), with 27.22% of the valid votes. For the Senate election, incumbents Ricardo Ferraço (PSDB) and Magno Malta (PR) were defeated by civil police chief Fabiano Contarato (REDE) and speaker and instructor Marcos do Val (PPS).

Renato Casagrande
José Renato Casagrande is the Governor of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. He was initially governor from 1 January 2011, until 1 January 2015. Then, he was elected to a new term as governor in 2018 and was reelected to a third term in 2022.
Alexandru Nicolescu
Alexandru Nicolescu (8 July 1882 – 5 June 1941) was a Romanian bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church. Born in Tulgheș, Harghita County, Transylvania, he studied at the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in Rome from 1898 to 1904, earning a doctorate in Philosophy and Theology. Returning to Blaj, he was sent as a missionary priest to North America. Once back in Transylvania, he taught of moral theology at the Blaj Theological Seminary.

He was named Bishop of Lugoj in 1922, following the transfer of Valeriu Traian Frențiu to Oradea. In 1935, he was elected Metropolitan of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia. Nicolescu served until his death, which was hastened by the beginning of World War II and Romania's loss of Northern Transylvania, events that strained his weak health.

Blaj
Blaj (Romanian pronunciation: [blaʒ]; archaically spelled as Blaș; Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon: Blußendref) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 17,816 inhabitants as of 2021.

The city administers eight villages: Deleni-Obârșie (Obursatanya), Flitești, Izvoarele (until 1960 Ciufud; Csufud), Mănărade (Monora), Petrisat (Magyarpéterfalva), Spătac (Szászpatak), Tiur (Tűr), and Veza (Véza).

The city was the principal religious and cultural center of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania.
Willem van Blijenbergh
Willem van Blijenbergh (1632–1696) was a Dutch grain broker and amateur Calvinist theologian. He was born and lived in Dordrecht. He engaged in philosophical correspondence with Baruch Spinoza regarding the problem of evil. Their correspondence consisted of four letters each, written between December 1664 to June 1665. Blijenbergh visited Spinoza at his home in June, after which their correspondence ended.

Dordrecht
Dordrecht (Dutch: [ˈdɔrdrɛxt] ⓘ), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, pronounced [dɔrt] ⓘ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, and Zoetermeer, with a population of 123,000 (2025).

The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt ("the Island of Dordt"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands.

Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.
Serbia at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Serbia sent competitors to the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. One person on the team is para-Nordic skier Milos Zaric. In addition to para-Nordic skier, Zaric is also a para-athlete. He is the world champion in the men's F55 javelin.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Robaire Smith
Robaire Fredrick Smith (born November 15, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Hoss Ellington
Charles Everett "Hoss" Ellington (May 12, 1935 – May 31, 2014) was an American NASCAR driver and team owner. He married Betty Frances Hunt on April 17, 1959, at the Mount Pleasant Methodist Parsonage. They had three daughters: Monica Dale Ellington, Trellace Hunt Ellington, and Charla Frances Ellington. He made 31 starts as a driver between 1968 and 1970 in the Grand National Series, finishing in the top 10 four times, all in 1969. He later became a successful team owner, with five wins, four of them by Donnie Allison and the other one by David Pearson. His team also collected 52 top-fives and 92 top-ten finishes. He fielded cars for drivers such as Pearson, Fred Lorenzen, Cale Yarborough, A. J. Foyt, Donnie Allison, Kyle Petty, and Dale Jarrett, among others.

NASCAR Grand National Series
The name NASCAR Grand National Series refers to former names of the following NASCAR series:

National-level stock car series:
NASCAR Cup Series (the top NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Grand National Series between 1950 and 1970, then the NASCAR Winston Cup Grand National Series between 1971 and 1986)
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (the second highest NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Busch Grand National Series between 1986 and 2003)

Regional-level stock car series (termed as Grand National Division by NASCAR):
ARCA Menards Series East (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National North Series between 1987 and 1993; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division East Series)
ARCA Menards Series West (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National West in 1970; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division West Series)
NASCAR Grand National East Series (held in 1972 and 1973)
Dziebędów
Dziebędów [d͡ʑɛˈbɛnduf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wróblew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Wróblew, 16 km (10 mi) west of Sieradz, and 67 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Odivelas
Odivelas (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɔðiˈvɛlɐʃ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Greater Lisbon area, Portugal. The municipality is located 8 km northwest of the center of Lisbon. Predominantly a residential suburb, the population in 2021 was 148 034, in an area of 26.54 km2 (one of the smallest municipalities in Portugal).

Armed Forces Movement
The Armed Forces Movement (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas; MFA) was an organization of lower-ranking officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship on 25 April 1974 with the Carnation Revolution and ended the Portuguese Colonial War in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau, which led to the independence of those countries and Portugal's other overseas territories of Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and East Timor. The MFA instituted the National Salvation Junta as the provisional government from April 25 1974 to March 14 1975, and then by the Revolutionary Council until 1976.
Mahilara Sarkar Math
Mahilara Sarkar Math is an ancient Hindu temple and archaeological site located in the Barisal District of Bangladesh. It was built by a local influential man named Rupram Das Gupta during the reign of Alivardi Khan in the 18th century. The Shikhara-style monument is now protected by the Department of Archaeology and classified as an 'archaeological monument'.

Department of Archaeology (Bangladesh)
Department of Archaeology (Bengali: প্রত্নতত্ত্ব অধিদপ্তর, pronounced [baŋladeʃ protnototto ɔdʱidoptor]) is one of the government agency of Bangladesh. By the Laws of Archaeology 1964 (amended in 1976) this agency maintains the conservation and preservation of archaeological sites in the country. Since 2013, the department has been running its activities from the Administration Building situated in Agargaon in Dhaka.
Linville Falls Tavern
Linville Falls Tavern, now known as Famous Louise's Rock House Restaurant, is a historic tavern located at Linville Falls, at the tri-point between Burke County, Avery County, and McDowell County, North Carolina. It was built in 1936, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, eight-bay, native stone Rustic Revival-style building.  It has a hipped roof with dormers and two stone chimneys.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Avery County, North Carolina
Avery County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,806. The county seat is Newland. The county seat was initially established in Elk Park when the county was first formed, but was moved to Newland upon completion of the courthouse in 1912. Founded in 1911, it is the youngest of North Carolina's 100 counties.
Continuous function (set theory)
In set theory, a continuous function is a sequence of ordinals such that the values assumed at limit stages are the limits (limit suprema and limit infima) of all values at previous stages. More formally, let γ be an ordinal, and  be a γ-sequence of ordinals.  Then s is continuous if at every limit ordinal β < γ,

and

Alternatively, if s is an increasing function then s is continuous if s: γ → range(s) is a continuous function when the sets are each equipped with the order topology. These continuous functions are often used in cofinalities and cardinal numbers.

A normal function is a function that is both continuous and strictly increasing.

Limit inferior and limit superior
In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior (or limes inferior and limes superior) of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For a set, they are the infimum and supremum of the set's limit points, respectively. In general, when there are multiple objects around which a sequence, function, or set accumulates, the inferior and superior limits extract the smallest and largest of them; the type of object and the measure of size is context-dependent, but the notion of extreme limits is invariant. 
Limit inferior is also called infimum limit, limit infimum, liminf, inferior limit, lower limit, or inner limit; limit superior is also known as supremum limit, limit supremum, limsup, superior limit, upper limit, or outer limit.

The limit inferior of a sequence  is denoted by

and the limit superior of a sequence  is denoted by
James B. Sikking
James Barrie Sikking (March 5, 1934 – July 13, 2024) was an American actor, best known for his roles as Lt. Howard Hunter on the 1980s television series Hill Street Blues and Dr. David Howser on Doogie Howser, M.D. His career spanned six decades.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
Hunter's Point, Quebec
Hunter's Point is an Indian settlement in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada.  It is geographically located within the territory of Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. Its population was 5 in the 2021 Canadian census. In Algonquin, the place is known as Opacikoteak Ecitacikewapan, which means "village built on high mountains".

The community, located on the shores of its namesake lake, is not in an Indian reserve. It is seasonally occupied by members of the Wolf Lake First Nation (registered population, 255) who otherwise live in the Timiskaming and Kebaowek reserves.

Indian settlement
An Indigenous settlement is a census subdivision outlined by the Canadian government Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada for census purposes. These areas have at least 10 status Indigenous or non-status Indigenous people who live more or less permanently in the given area. They are usually located on Crown land owned by the federal or provincial government and have not been set apart for the use and the benefit of an Indigenous band, as is the case with Indigenous reserves.
2019 Harlow District Council election
The 2019 Harlow District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex. This was on the same day as other local elections. The council remained under Labour Party control, with no seats changing hands.

After the election, the composition of the council remained at:

Labour 20

Conservative 13

Harlow District Council
Harlow District Council is the local authority for Harlow in Essex, England. Harlow is a non-metropolitan district, covering just the town of Harlow itself. The council generally styles itself Harlow Council.

The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2021. It is based at Harlow Civic Centre.

The neighbouring districts are Epping Forest District and East Hertfordshire.
2006–07 UCI Europe Tour
The 2006–07 UCI Europe Tour was the third season of the UCI Europe Tour. The season began on 15 October 2006 with the Chrono des Nations and ended on 18 October 2007 with the Giro del Piemonte.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. Niko Eeckhout of Belgium was the defending champion of the 2005–06 UCI Europe Tour. Alessandro Bertolini of Italy was crowned as the 2006–07 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Alessandro Bertolini
Alessandro Bertolini (born 27 July 1971) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist, who last rode for the UCI Professional Continental cycling team Androni Giocattoli.  He is also known in Italy as "Alex" Bertolini.
Knabe
Knabe is a German word meaning boy, cognate with the English word knave.

In English-language use it appears as a surname, for the following people:

Don Knabe (born 1943), American politician

Kerstin Knabe (born 1959), German athlete

Morgan Knabe (born 1981), breaststroke swimmer from Canada

Otto Knabe (1884 – 1961), American baseball player

Sebastian Knabe (born 1978), German decathlete

Wilhelm Knabe (1923–2021), German ecologist, pacifist, civil servant and politician

Wm. Knabe & Co., piano manufacturing company founded by Wilhelm Knabe (1803 - 1864)

Wolfgang Knabe (born 1959), German athlete

Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907 - 1976) German painter

Wm. Knabe & Co.
Wm. Knabe & Co. was a piano manufacturing company that operated independently in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1855 to 1908, then as a division of the American Piano Company until 1932, then as part of Aeolian-American at East Rochester, New York, until 1982. Since 2001, the name has been owned by Samick Musical Instruments.
LRG Racing
LRG Racing was established in 2006 by Lawrence R. Goldfarb, the CEO of LRG Capital Group.  The LRG Racing team competes primarily in the American Federation of Motorcyclists (AFM), and exhibitions in other racing clubs.  The LRG Racing team will compete in the Formula II, Formula III, 600 Production, and the 600 Superbike classes of the AFM.  The team is based out of Larkspur, California.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
Aortic hiatus
The aortic hiatus is a midline: 185  opening in the posterior part of the diaphragm giving passage to the descending aorta as well as the thoracic duct, and variably the azygos and hemiazygos veins. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures.

It is located at the level of the inferior border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12), posterior to the median arcuate ligament: 185  between the two crura of the diaphragm.

Descending aorta
In human anatomy, the descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery, situated in the chest. It is the continued portion of the aorta immediately following the aortic arch.

The descending aorta begins at the aortic arch and runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta anatomically consists of two portions or segments, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the pelvis and, eventually, the legs.

The ductus arteriosus connects to the junction between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta in foetal life. This artery later regresses as the ligamentum arteriosum.