hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Path analysis (statistics)
In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables. This includes models equivalent to any form of multiple regression analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, as well as more general families of models in the multivariate analysis of variance and covariance analyses (MANOVA, ANOVA, ANCOVA).

In addition to being thought of as a form of multiple regression focusing on causality, path analysis can be viewed as a special case of structural equation modeling (SEM) – one in which only single indicators are employed for each of the variables in the causal model. That is, path analysis is SEM with a structural model, but no measurement model. Other terms used to refer to path analysis include causal modeling and analysis of covariance structures.

Path analysis is considered by Judea Pearl to be a direct ancestor to the techniques of causal inference.

Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group means to the amount of variation within each group. If the between-group variation is substantially larger than the within-group variation, it suggests that the group means are likely different. This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in a dataset can be broken down into components attributable to different sources. In the case of ANOVA, these sources are the variation between groups and the variation within groups.

ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. In its simplest form, it provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means.
Amy Leventer
Amy Leventer is an American Antarctic researcher and academic specialising in micropaleontology, with specific research interests in marine geology, marine biology, and climate change. Since 1983, Leventer has participated in over 25 scientific research expeditions to Antarctica.

Micropaleontology
Micropaleontology (American spelling; spelled micropalaeontology in European usage) is the branch of paleontology (palaeontology) that studies microfossils, or fossils that require the use of a microscope to see the organism, its morphology and its characteristic details.
TX Camelopardalis
TX Camelopardalis (abbreviated TX Cam) is a Mira-type variable star in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is a classical long period variable star with pulsational period of 558.7 days. Water masers have been observed around the star.

Astrophysical maser
An astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission, typically in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This emission may arise in molecular clouds, comets, planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, or  various other conditions in interstellar space.
Col de la Traversette
The Col de la Traversette (Italian: Colle delle Traversette) is a bridle pass with an altitude of 2,947 metres (9,669 ft) in the Cottian Alps. Located between Crissolo and Abriès, it lies on the border between Italy and France and separates the Monviso (3,841 m (12,602 ft)) from the Monte Granero (3,171 m (10,404 ft)). The Blue Trail of the Via Alpina and the Giro di Viso cross the pass.

The 75-metre-long (246 ft) Monte Viso Tunnel (French: Tunnel de la Traversette, Italian: Buco di Viso) is a pedestrian tunnel constructed between 1478 and 1480 to bypass the Col.

Monte Granero
Monte Granero is a peak in the Cottian Alps, in western Piedmont, northern Italy. It has an elevation of 3,170 m. It is located between the Val Pellice and the Valle Po, not far from the boundary with France.

Administratively it's divided between the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Cuneo, both in the Piedmont region.

The Pellice torrent starts from the Monte Granero's western slopes. The Monte Meidassa is located nearby.
Ayam masak merah
Ayam masak merah (Jawi: ‏ايم ماسق ميره‎; lit. 'red-cooked chicken' in Malay; Malay pronunciation: [ˌajam ˌmasaʔ ˈmerah]) is a Malaysian and Singaporean chicken dish. Popular in both countries, it is a casserole of chicken pieces in dried chillies sambal. It tends to be a home-cooked dish, so many variations on the recipe exist. Pieces of chicken are first marinated in turmeric before being fried to a golden brown then slowly braised in a spicy dried chillies, onion and tomato sauce. Peas are sometimes added to the dish, as are aromatic spices such as cloves, star anise and cinnamon bark, and it is garnished with shredded kaffir lime leaves as well as coriander. It is often paired with tomato rice – cooked with tomato sauce or paste, milk, dried spices, and garlic, onions and ginger.

Coriander
Coriander (/ˌkɒriˈændər, ˈkɒriændər/), or Coriandrum sativum, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves are known as cilantro (/sɪˈlæntroʊ, -ˈlɑːn-/) in the United States (but not in the United Kingdom).: 90  Most people perceive the leaves as having a fresh, slightly citrus taste. Due to variations in the gene OR6A2, some people perceive its flavor to be more soaplike or rotten.

The species is native to the Mediterranean Basin. All parts of the plant are edible, with the fresh leaves and dried seeds most traditionally used in cooking. It is included in Peruvian, Mexican, Indian and Southeast Asian cuisines.
Rick Rylance
Rick Rylance (born 1954) is a British literary scholar and academic who specialises in 19th-century and 20th-century literature.

He was the chief executive of the Arts and Humanities Research Council from 2009 to 2015. From 2016 to 2017, he was the Director of the Institute of English Studies, University of London. His final position was Dean and Chief Executive of that university's School of Advanced Study and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research), until his retirement in September 2020.

Institute of English Studies
The Institute of English Studies (abbreviated as IES) is a centre of excellence in the research, promotion and facilitation in the field English Literature and Language.  With a specialisation in book history, palaeography and textual scholarship, the IES facilitates the advanced study and research of English Studies in the national and international academic community.  The institute, located in Senate House, London, is one of the nine institutes that together comprise the School of Advanced Study, University of London.
Alan Redfearn
Alan Redfearn (born 31 August 1952) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Bradford Northern, as a scrum-half.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Sokołów, Skierniewice County
Sokołów [sɔˈkɔwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolimów, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Bolimów, 17 km (11 mi) north of Skierniewice, and 59 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Bolimów
Bolimów [bɔˈlimuf] is a town in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bolimów. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Skierniewice and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź. The town has a population of 930. It gives its name to the protected area known as Bolimów Landscape Park.
Portrait of James, Duke of York
Portrait of James, Duke of York is a 1673 portrait painting by the French artist Henri Gascar depicting the future James II of England, then Duke of York. James is portrayed in Baroque style in Roman clothing in the style of Mars, the god of war. He stands in a pavilion with his flagship the Royal Prince in the background. The pageboy on the right was traditionally described as John Churchill, the future Duke of Marlborough, although by the time the painting was produced Churchill was an adult and serving on the continent. James was Lord High Admiral during the reign of his brother Charles and had commanded the Royal Navy at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 and Battle of Solebay in 1672 during the Anglo-Dutch Wars.

Today the painting is in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich having been presented to Greenwich Hospital by William IV in 1835.

Battle of Lowestoft
The Battle of Lowestoft took place on 13 June [O.S. 3 June] 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A fleet of more than a hundred ships of the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, attacked an English fleet of equal size commanded by James, Duke of York, forty miles east of the port of Lowestoft in Suffolk.

Although it was a substantial English victory, the escape of the bulk of the Dutch fleet deprived England of the chance of ending the war quickly with a single decisive victory. As a result, the Dutch were able to make good their losses by building new and better-armed ships and improving their organisation and discipline. Their Dutch fleets would not be so badly organised or ill-disciplined in the remaining battles of this war and, in Obdam's replacement, Michiel de Ruyter, the Dutch had gained a superb tactician and leader for the remainder of the war.
Carette
Carette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amélie Carette (1839–1926), French memoirist

Bruno Carette (1956–1989), French humorist

Henri Carette (1846–1911), French politician

Jacques Carette (born 1947), French athlete

José Carrette de Julián (born 1951), Spanish footballer

Julien Carette (1897–1966), French actor

Pierre Carette (born 1952), former leader of the Belgian extreme-left militant group CCC

Pierre Carette
Pierre Carette (born 21 September 1952 in Charleroi, Belgium) was the leader of the Belgian extreme-left terrorist  group Communist Combatant Cells or CCC.  Although Carette was sentenced to lifelong imprisonment for terrorist attacks, he was released in 2003. However, he was briefly arrested again on 5 June 2008 because of a parole violation, but was released by the court on 18 June.
The Best Is Yet to Come (Donald Lawrence song)
"The Best Is Yet to Come" is the lead single of Donald Lawrence's 2002 album Go Get Your Life Back. It was reissued on their hits compilation Restoring the Years: The Best of Donald Lawrence & the Tri-City Singers in 2003.

The song musically is similar to his previous hit "Testify", and features guest appearances from Ann Nesby (formerly of Sounds of Blackness) and gospel pioneer Bishop Walter Hawkins.

Lawrence's lyrics "Hold on, my brother, don't give up Hold on, my sister, just look up" are frequently cited in Christian inspirational literature.

Ann Nesby
Ann Nesby (born Lula Ann Bennett; July 24, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and producer known for her work in R&B, gospel, and dance music. She rose to fame as the lead vocalist of the Grammy Award-winning group Sounds of Blackness before launching a solo career that has earned her multiple Grammy nominations and critical acclaim.

Nesby has released eight solo studio albums, including her 2025 return project, ANNiversary, a collection of original R&B music centered on themes of love, emotional maturity, and empowerment.

Beyond music, Nesby is also known for her acting work in film and television, including appearances in Queen Sugar, Atlanta, The Ms. Pat Show, and the national tour of Tina: The Tina Turner Musical. In 2025, she executive produced and narrated the Oscar-qualifying documentary short CIRILO, A Legacy Untold, which explores the life of civil rights figure Cirilo McSween.
Eduardo del Llano
Eduardo del Llano Rodriguez (born 9 October 1962 in Moscow) is a Cuban writer, university professor, film director, producer and screenwriter.

Del Llano graduated with an Art History degree from the University of Havana in 1985. In 1982 he founded the comedy theatre and literary quartet NOS-Y-OTROS that existed until 1997. From 1990 to 1995 he taught History of Latin American art and History of Photography at the Faculty of Arts and Letters at the University of Havana.

He created the short film Monte Rouge.

Latin American art
Latin American art is the combined artistic expression of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America, as well as Latin Americans living in other regions.

The art has roots in the many different indigenous cultures that inhabited the Americas before European colonization in the 16th century. The indigenous cultures each developed sophisticated artistic disciplines, which were highly influenced by religious and spiritual concerns. Their work is collectively known and referred to as Pre-Columbian art. The blending of Amerindian, European and African cultures has resulted in a unique Mestizo tradition.
Yaudheya
Yaudheya (Brahmi script: 𑀬𑁅𑀥𑁂𑀬) or Yoddheya Gana (Yoddheya Republic) was an ancient military ganasangha (republic) based in the Eastern region of the Sapta Sindhu, in modern day Haryana. The word Yaudheya is a derivative of the word from yodha meaning warriors and according to Pāṇini, the suffix '-ya', was significant of warrior tribes, which is supported by their resistance to invading empires such as the Kushan Empire and the Indo-Scythians. Rudradaman I of the Western Satraps notes in his Junagadh rock inscription that the Yaudheyas were 'heroes among all Kshatriya' and 'were loath to surrender'. They were noted as having a republic form of government, unique from other Janapadas which instead maintained monarchies.

Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham KCIE CSI (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Sappers who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India; and he founded and organised what later became the Archaeological Survey of India.

He wrote numerous books and monographs and made extensive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost, but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. He was also the father of mathematician Allan Cunningham.
Alfon
Alfon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dov Alfon (born 1961), Israeli journalist and editor

Estrella Alfon (1917–1983), Filipino writer

Fernando Alfón de Ovando, Spanish military and nobleman

Juan Alfon, Spanish painter

Estrella Alfon
Estrella D. Alfon (May 27, 1917 – December 27, 1983) was a prolific Filipina author who wrote in English. She was a professor of Creative Writing at the University of the Philippines in Manila, though she only had an AA degree.  She was a member of the UP Writers Club.
James George Semple Lisle
James George Semple Lisle (1759–1815) was a Scottish adventurer and Swindler. He used numerous aliases, taking Lisle as a surname additional to his original name, and published in 1799 The Life of Major J. G. Semple-Lisle, an autobiography, from Tothill Fields Prison.

Charlatan
A charlatan (also called a swindler or mountebank) is a person practicing quackery or a similar confidence trick in order to obtain money, power, fame, or other advantages through pretense or deception. One example of a charlatan appears in the Canterbury Tales story "The Pardoner's Tale," with the Pardoner who tricks sinners into buying fake religious relics. Synonyms for charlatan include shyster, quack, or faker. Quack is a reference to quackery or the practice of dubious medicine, including the sale of snake oil, or a person who does not have medical training who purports to provide medical services.
Ian Sturmer
Ian Sturmer (born 23 August 1991) is an English former cricketer. Sturmer played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Chiddingly, Sussex.

While studying for his degree in Information Management and Business Studies at Loughborough University, Sturmer made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent in 2011.  In this match, he bowled 7 wicket-less overs in Kent's only innings of the match.  With the bat, Sturmer scored 2 not out in Loughborough's first-innings, while in their second he was dismissed for 5 runs by Adam Riley.

Over (cricket)
In cricket, an over consists of six legal deliveries bowled from one end of a cricket pitch to the player batting at the other end, almost always by a single bowler.

A maiden over is an over in which no runs are scored that count against the bowler (so leg byes and byes may be scored as they are not counted against the bowler). A wicket maiden is a maiden over in which a wicket is also taken. Similarly, double and triple wicket maidens are when two and three wickets are taken in a maiden over.

After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession.
Book of Fenagh
The Book of Fenagh (Irish: Leabar Fidhnacha) is a manuscript of prose and poetry written in Classical Irish by Muirgheas mac Pháidín Ó Maolconaire in the monastery at Fenagh, West Breifne (modern-day County Leitrim). It was commissioned by Tadhg Ó Rodaighe, the coarb of the monastery, and is believed to derive from the "old Book of Caillín" (Irish: Leabar Chaillín), a lost work about Caillín, founder of the monastery. Ó Maolconaire began work about 1516.

Fenagh, County Leitrim
Fenagh (Irish: Fiodhnach or Fíonach, meaning 'Woody Place') is a village in the south-east of County Leitrim in Ireland. It is 4.8 kilometres (just under 3 miles) south-west of Ballinamore and 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Mohill, the village being on the R202 road. The village is in a civil parish of the same name. Fenagh is located in the eastern 'spur' of the Barony of Leitrim.
Old GreekTown station
Old GreekTown station is light rail station in Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, United States serviced by the Blue Line of the Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) TRAX system. The Blue Line has service from the Salt Lake Intermodal Hub in Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. For several years prior the opening of the Airport Extension, it was also on the route of the Green Line.

Downtown Salt Lake City
Downtown (also called City Center) is the oldest district in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The grid from which the entire city is laid out originates at Temple Square, the location of the Salt Lake Temple.
High chair
A high chair is a piece of furniture used for feeding older babies and younger toddlers. The seat is raised a fair distance from the ground, so that a person of adult height may spoon-feed the child comfortably from a standing position (hence the name). It often has a wide base to increase stability. There is a tray which is attached to the arms of the high chair, which allows the adult to place the food on it for either the child to pick up and eat or for the food to be spoon-fed to them.

A booster chair for children is meant to be used with a regular chair to boost the height of a child sufficiently.  Some boosters are a simple monolithic piece of plastic.  Others are more complex and are designed to fold up and include a detachable tray.

A variation is a seat with forward-extending arms that can be hooked or clamped onto a tabletop, allowing the child to sit directly at the table without the need for a conventional high chair. When not in use, the seat can be detached and stored.

Spoon
A spoon (UK: /ˈspuːn/, US: /ˈspun/ SPOON) is a utensil consisting of a shallow bowl (also known as a head), oval or round, at the end of a handle. A type of cutlery (sometimes called flatware in the United States), especially as part of a place setting, it is used primarily for transferring food to the mouth (eating). Spoons are also used in food preparation to measure, mix, stir and toss ingredients and for serving food. Present day spoons are made from metal (notably stainless steel, flat silver or silverware, plated or solid), wood, porcelain or plastic. There are many different types of spoons made from different materials by different cultures for different purposes and food.
Renée Cable
Renée Michelle Cable (born April 8, 1979) is a Canadian politician who has been the Minister of Advanced Education and Training for Manitoba since October 18, 2023. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election, representing the district of Southdale as a member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party. Cable is Métis and moved with her family to Windsor Park in her constituency one year before the 2023 Manitoba general election.

She grew up in Brandon, Manitoba and is married to Thomas Linner.

Windsor Park, Winnipeg
Windsor Park is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of St. Boniface, a neighbourhood of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is bordered by Marion Street on the north, Archibald Street on the west, Lagimodière Boulevard on the east, and Fermor Avenue on the south. Its main thoroughfares include Autumnwood Drive, Drake Boulevard, Cottonwood Road, and Maginot Street.

Windsor Park was the first master-planned community in Winnipeg, the largest housing development of its kind in western Canada, and the second largest in the country during the mid-1950s. Most residents live in bungalows built in the 1950s and 1960s. Local public schools in the neighbourhood are part of the Louis Riel School Division.
Tuborg GreenFest
Tuborg GreenFest is an annual series of rock music events that takes place in a few European countries during the summer months. Since 2005, Danish beer makers Tuborg, part of the Carlsberg Group, have brought together well-known rock bands and artists for one-day festivals in Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. 2008 saw concerts held in Bulgaria and Croatia for the first time, and in 2009 GreenFest premiered in Romania.

GreenFest borrows its name and image from the popular Tuborg Green beer, a pilsner beer popular with the youth for its long association with music.

Pilsner
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (German: Pilsen), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery.
Listed buildings in Wormshill
Wormshill is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Maidstone of Kent, England It contains 14 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

.

Borough of Maidstone
The Borough of Maidstone is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement of Maidstone, the county town of Kent, which is also where the council is based. The borough also includes surrounding rural areas.

The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the municipal borough of Maidstone with the rural districts of Maidstone and Hollingbourne, under the Local Government Act 1972.