hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clagett Butte
Clagett Butte el. 8,041 feet (2,451 m) is a mountain peak butte in the Gallatin Range in Yellowstone National Park.  Clagett Butte is an isolated summit 1.9 miles (3.1 km) west of Mammoth Hot Springs between Clematis Creek and Snow Pass.  The Snow Pass trail passes approximately .33 miles (0.53 km) south of the butte.

Clagett Butte was named in 1926 by park photographer Jack Ellis Haynes and then superintendent Horace Albright to honor William H. Clagett (1838–1901), the Montana Territorial Delegate who put forth the Act of Dedication bill in Congress to create Yellowstone National Park.  Prior to 1926, the butte had several different names.  In 1885, park guide G. L. Henderson called it Temple Mountain.  That was the accepted local name for many years.  In 1887, members of the Arnold Hague geological survey called it Sentinel Butte and later in 1897, Signal Butte but these names never became official.

Horace M. Albright
Horace Marden Albright (January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1987) was an American conservationist and the second director of the National Park Service. He played a key role in shaping the early National Park System and expanding its mission to include the preservation of historic sites.
Dora (sternwheeler)
Dora was a sternwheel steamboat that was operated on the Coquille River on the southern coast of Oregon from 1912 to 1923.  This vessel should not be confused with a number of other craft of the same name operating at the same time in other parts of North America.

Coquille, Oregon
Coquille /koʊˈkiːl/ is a city in and the county seat of Coos County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,015 at the 2020 census. The primary economic base is the timber industry. The city derives its name from the Coquille Native American tribe.
Mont-sur-Marchienne
Mont-sur-Marchienne (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ syʁ maʁʃjɛn]; Walloon: Mont-dzeu-Mårciene) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It was a municipality of its own before the merger of the municipalities in 1977.

Fusion of the Belgian municipalities
The fusion of the Belgian municipalities (French: fusion des communes, Dutch: fusie van Belgische gemeenten) was a Belgian political process that rationalized and reduced the number of municipalities in Belgium between 1964 and 1983. In 1961, there were 2,663 such municipalities; by 1983, these had been re-arranged and combined into 589 larger municipalities.
Buffer Festival
Buffer Festival  is an international digital video festival, held annually in Toronto, Ontario. The festival, founded in 2013 by Corey Vidal, Corrado Coia, and Samantha Fall of the ApprenticeA YouTube channel, showcases the talent of online video creators who have debuted their work on YouTube. Buffer Festival has been called "The Digital version of the Toronto International Film Festival" and "The World's first festival dedicated to YouTube content".

Canadian Film Centre
The Canadian Film Centre (CFC) is a charitable organization founded in 1988 by filmmaker Norman Jewison in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Originally launched as a film school, today it provides training, development and advancement opportunities for professionals in the Canadian film, television and digital media industries, including directors, producers, screenwriters, actors and musicians.
Shiso
Perilla frutescens var. crispa, also known by its Japanese name shiso (紫蘇) from Chinese zisu, is a cultigen of Perilla frutescens, a herb in the mint family Lamiaceae. It is native to the mountainous regions of China and India, but is now found worldwide. The plant occurs in several forms, as defined by the characteristics of their leaves, including red, green, bicolor, and ruffled. Shiso is perennial and may be cultivated as an annual in temperate climates. Different parts of the plant are used in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine.

Whitebait
Whitebait is a collective term for the immature fry of fish, typically between 25 and 50 millimetres (1 and 2 in) long. Such young fish often travel together in schools along coasts, and move into estuaries and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught using fine-meshed fishing nets. Whitebaiting is the activity of catching whitebait.

Individual whitebait are tender and edible. The entire fish is eaten — including head, fins, bones, and bowels. Some species make better eating than others, and the particular species that are marketed as "whitebait" vary in different parts of the world.

As whitebait consists of immature fry of many important food species (such as herring, sprat, sardines, mackerel, bass and many others) it is not an ecologically viable foodstuff and several countries impose strict controls on harvesting.
Spancill Hill, County Clare
Spancill Hill or Spancilhill (Ordnance Survey spelling Spancel Hill for the hill and settlement, Spancelhill for the electoral division; Irish: Cnoc Uarchoille) is a hill and adjacent dispersed settlement in County Clare, Ireland. The historic hamlet of Spancilhill was by the fair green, which is still the site of the Spancill Hill Fair, which occurs annually on 23 June. Houses are concentrated slightly south at Cross of Spancilhill, where the R352 road between Ennis to the west and Tulla to the east crosses a local road between Barefield to the north and Quin to the south.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Akron, Missouri
Akron is an unincorporated community in northeast Harrison County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route O approximately six miles north-northwest of Cainsville and six miles east-northeast of Blythedale. The Thompson River flows past one-half mile to the east.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Karingannoor
Karingannoor  is a small township  of  Velinalloor village in the Kottarakara Taluk, Kollam District of Kerala, India.  It is surrounded by several small places:  Adayara, Puthuserry, Atoorkonam, Thannimoodu, Alumoodu, Mottarkunnu, Puthanvila, 504, Mulakuvila,  Perupuram and Ezhamkutty.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Ober Kostenz
Ober Kostenz is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kirchberg (Verbandsgemeinde)
Kirchberg is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is in Kirchberg.

The Verbandsgemeinde Kirchberg consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°56′42″N 7°24′25″E﻿ / ﻿49.945°N 7.407°E﻿ / 49.945; 7.407
Iowa Confluence Water Trails
Iowa Confluence Water Trails is a funded group in the US state of Iowa, with a set of projects that aim to create more recreation opportunities and conserve Iowa waterways. The organization began in 2015 with a grant from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, a plan was created to expand the excess and recreation of rivers in central Iowa. They have contributed to 86 project sites, many still being planned and executed. The largest project they are pursuing is white water rapids in downtown Des Moines, Iowa on the Des Moines River. This project is expected to cost $114 million and contains 3 main access points or locations, Scott Avenue, Harriet Street, and Fleur Drive. The locations will have added modifications to current structures and create recreation features to the river. The current director of ICON is Maggie McClelland.

Iowa Department of Natural Resources
The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR or IA DNR) is a department/agency of the U.S. state of Iowa formed in 1986, charged with maintaining state parks and forests, protecting the environment of Iowa, and managing energy, fish, wildlife, land resources, and water resources of Iowa.
Barjas
Barjas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaɾxas]) (Barceniellas in Leonese language) is a village and municipality located in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain). According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 261 inhabitants.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Tatiana Vladislavovna Petrova
Tatiana Vladislavovna Petrova (Russian: Татьяна Владиславовна Петрова; 14 March 1957) is a doctor of Judicial Science, Professor in the Department of Environmental and Land Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Law. She was born on March 14, 1957, in Pavlovsky Posad near Moscow.

Pavlovsky Posad
Pavlovsky Posad (Russian: Па́вловский Поса́д) is a town and the administrative center of Pavlovo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 68 kilometers (42 mi) from Moscow, at the confluence of the Klyazma and Vokhna Rivers. Population:  63,711 (2010 Census); 61,982 (2002 Census); 71,297 (1989 Soviet census).
Pre-existence
Pre-existence, premortal existence, beforelife, or life before birth, is the belief that each individual human soul existed before mortal conception, and at some point before birth enters or is placed into the body. Concepts of pre-existence can encompass either the belief that the soul came into existence at some time prior to conception or the belief that the soul is eternal. Alternative positions are traducianism and creationism, which both hold that the individual human soul does not come into existence until conception or later. It is to be distinguished from preformation, which is about physical existence and applies to all living things.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
Mniarogekko
Mniarogekko is a genus of lizards in the family Diplodactylidae endemic to New Caledonia. It includes two species:

Mniarogekko chahoua (Bavay, 1869)

Mniarogekko jalu Bauer, A. Whitaker, Sadlier, & Jackman, 2012

Aaron Matthew Bauer
Aaron Matthew Bauer (born June 27, 1961, in New York City) is an American biologist and zoologist. He is currently a professor of biology at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, United States, where he resides.

After studying in New York and Michigan, he pursued zoological studies at the University of California, Berkeley from 1982 to 1986, where he earned his Ph.D.

Bauer studies the evolution of geckos from a biological perspective and also investigates the causes of species extinction.

He is responsible for the discovery of numerous species of lizards, including some that are now extinct, such as Hoplodactylus delcourti.
Twin-carbon arc welding
Unlike single-carbon arc welding, in twin-carbon arc welding (TCAW) the arc is maintained between two carbon (graphite) electrodes: 22  held in a special holder.: 67  The Ac current was usually used. It was switched on by operating bringing two electrodes closer by a mechanism which also adjusted arc length. The two electrodes touch momentarily, then separate and thus an arc is established. TCAW is unshielded and no artificial pressure is applied.: 22

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
1966 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1966 La Flèche Wallonne was the 30th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 29 April 1966. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Michele Dancelli of the Molteni team.

Marcinelle
Marcinelle (French pronunciation: [maʁsinɛl]; Walloon: Mårcinele) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

Until 1977, it was a municipality of its own.

The town of Marcinelle is renowned as the home of comics publisher Dupuis and as the birthplace of the celebrated Marcinelle school of  Franco-Belgian comics. Many notable creators in the genre have been based in Marcinelle, lending to its reputation as a hub of comic artists. Marcinelle is also the place where serial killer Marc Dutroux lived, before his arrest.
Bronówek, Łódź Voivodeship
Bronówek [brɔˈnuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Wartkowice, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Poddębice, and 45 km (28 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Licignano di Napoli
Licignano di Napoli is the main neighbourhood of Casalnuovo di Napoli, an Italian comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples located 11.67 km northeast of Naples.

It borders the neighbourhood of Casalnuovo, the city of Acerra and Pomigliano d'Arco and the frazione of Tavernanova

Licignano was created as Colonia (Roman) for the soldiers stationed between Naples and Nola knows as Licini.

Pomigliano d'Arco
Pomigliano d'Arco is a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy, located north of Mount Vesuvius.

It is known for its industrial pole among the largest and most influential in southern Italy. In the industrial area there is, among others, the Gian Battista Vico factory of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the center Elasis (also Fiat), the Alenia Aermacchi and Avio plants, as well as having hosted the first airport of Campania in the 1960s.
Yip (nickname)
Yip is a nickname of:

Harry Yip Foster (1907–1978), Canadian National Hockey League player

Edgar Yipsel Yip Harburg (1896–1981), American song lyricist

Frank Owen (baseball) (1879–1942), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Frank Yip Owens (1886–1958), Canadian Major League Baseball catcher

Harry Yip Radley (1908–1963), Canadian National Hockey League player

Frank Owen (baseball)
Frank Malcolm Owen (December 23, 1879 – November 24, 1942) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played eight seasons with the Detroit Tigers and Chicago White Sox.

Born in Ypsilanti, Michigan (and nicknamed "Yip" for it), he pitched the final six innings of Game 2 of the 1906 World Series, replacing Doc White. In 194 career games, Owen had an 82–67 won-loss record with a 2.55 ERA.

Owen was the first American League pitcher to pitch complete game wins in both games of a doubleheader, winning against the St. Louis Browns on July 1, 1905. Owen was mistakenly referred to as "Billy Owen" in the 1906 version of the "Fan Craze" board game, released by the Fan Craze Co of Cincinnati.

In 1904, as a member of the White Sox, in 315 innings of work, he handled 151 chances (21 PO, 130 A) without an error and also executed 8 double plays.
Annemari Kiekara
Annemari Birgitta Sandell (former Kiekara and formerly Sandell-Hyvärinen; née Sandell; born 2 January 1977 in Kalanti) is a Finnish long-distance runner. Her best achievement in track running is ninth place at the 1995 World Championships in the 10,000 metres.

Nicknamed "Annukka", she competed in 1996 Olympics, finishing 12th in 10000 meters. She is best known as a cross-country runner, in which she won the European Championship in 1995 and finished third on short course at the 1999 World Championships.

Kalanti
Kalanti (Swedish: Kaland, officially Uusikirkko Tl during 1915–1936) is a former municipality in Southwest Finland region, Finland. Kalanti is first mentioned in historical sources 1316. It was merged with Uusikaupunki in 1993.

In 1756, a religious revival that had a strong impact on the Southwest Finland began in Kalanti, when Lisa Eriksdotter experienced a religious epiphany.
WillowWarm Gold Cup
The WillowWarm Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (4,023 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year on Easter Sunday.

The event  was formerly sponsored by Irish Distillers, the producers of Powers Whiskey and from 2015 to 2019 it was sponsored by Irish airline Ryanair. In 2021 it was sponsored by Underwriting Exchange, in 2022 by BoyleSports and since 2023 by WillowWarm. It is run during the Fairyhouse Easter Festival, a three-day meeting which also features the Irish Grand National. Prior to 1994 it was contested over 2 miles and 2 furlongs.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Transport in Portugal
Transport in Portugal is diversified. Portugal has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) network of roads, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of a 44 motorways system. Brisa is the largest highway management concessionaire. With 89,015 km2, Continental Portugal has 4 international airports located near Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. The national railway system service is provided by Comboios de Portugal. The major seaports are located in Leixões, Aveiro, Figueira da Foz, Lisbon, Setúbal, Sines and Faro.

Figueira da Foz
Figueira da Foz, officially the City of Figueira da Foz, often called simply Figueira for short, is a city and a municipality in the Coimbra District, in Portugal. Practically at the midpoint of the Iberian Peninsula's Atlantic coast, it is located at the mouth of the Mondego River, 40 km (25 mi) west of Coimbra and sheltered by hills (Serra da Boa Viagem), sharing about the same latitude with Philadelphia, Baku and Beijing. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 62,125, in an area of 379.05 km2 (146.35 sq mi). The city of Figueira da Foz proper has a population of 46,600. It is the second largest city in the district of Coimbra.

It is a coastal city with several beaches, summer and seaport facilities on the Atlantic Ocean coast. As a tourism city, it plays an important part in the centre of the country. A zone of legal gambling, one can find in Figueira one of the biggest casinos of the Iberian Peninsula – the Casino Figueira.