hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jamie Hepburn
James Douglas Hepburn (born 21 May 1979) is a Scottish politician. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he has been Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Cumbernauld and Kilsyth since 2011, having previously represented the Central Scotland region from 2007 to 2011.

Hepburn has served in numerous roles within the Scottish Government, first as Minister for Sport, Health Improvement and Mental Health from 2014 to 2016, then as Minister for Employability and Training from 2016 to 2018, as Minister for Business, Fair Work and Skills from 2018 to 2021, and then as Minister for Independence from 2023 to 2024. Most recently, Hepburn served as the Minister for Parliamentary Business between May 2024 and September 2025.

Minister for Parliamentary Business
The Minister for Parliamentary Business (Scottish Gaelic: Ministear a’ Chaibineit agus Gnothaichean na Pàrlamaid) is a junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government. The minister supports the  First Minister and attends cabinet. The minister has the job of steering government business through the Scottish Parliament.

The current Minister for Parliamentary Business is Graeme Dey, who was appointed on 21 September 2025.
Marcela Contreras
Dame Carmen Marcela Contreras Arriagada, DBE (born 4 January 1942) is a Chilean-born British leading blood expert, immunologist and university educator.

Born in Curicó in central Chile and raised in Coelemu, she originally obtained her M.D. degree from the Universidad de Chile, Santiago, in 1968. As a recipient of a British Council scholarship, she went to the UK in 1972 to study immunology and has remained there ever since.
She retired in February 2007 as national director for diagnostics, development and research for the National Blood Service (NBS) after working for the organisation for over 20 years.

Her directorate consisted of nine functions, which included red cell immunohaematology; stem cells and immunotherapy; and histocompatibility and immunogenetics. She is Professor of transfusion medicine at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London. In January 2008 she was appointed President of the National Commission of Blood and Tissues of the Chilean Ministry of Health.

Royal Free Hospital
The Royal Free Hospital (also known as the Royal Free) is a major teaching hospital in the Hampstead area of the London Borough of Camden. The hospital is part of the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, which also runs services at Barnet Hospital, Chase Farm Hospital, North Middlesex University Hospital and a number of other sites. The trust is a founder member of the UCLPartners academic health science centre.
Shanghai Municipal Police
The Shanghai Municipal Police (SMP; Chinese: 上海公共租界工部局警務處) was the police force of the Shanghai Municipal Council which governed the Shanghai International Settlement between 1854 and 1943, when the settlement was retroceded to Chinese control.

Initially composed of Europeans, most of them Britons, the force included Chinese after 1864, and was expanded over the next 90 years to include a Sikh Branch (established 1884), a Japanese contingent (from 1916) and a volunteer part-time special police (from 1918). In 1941, it acquired a Russian Auxiliary Detachment (formerly the Russian Regiment of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps).

Cession
The act of cession is the assignment of property to another entity. In international law it commonly refers to land transferred by treaty. Ballentine's Law Dictionary defines cession as "a surrender; a giving up; a relinquishment of jurisdiction by a board in favor of another agency." In contrast with annexation, where property is forcibly seized, cession is voluntary or at least apparently so.
Vira Someshwara
Vira Someshwara  (Kannada: ವೀರ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ; r. 1234–1263) was a king of the Hoysala Empire. The preoccupation of Vira Narasimha II in the affairs of Tamil country resulted in neglect of northern territories and he had to face Seuna incursions south of the Tungabhadra River.

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, c. 1187–1317) was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region. Its territory included present-day Maharashtra, northern Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in modern Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district, Maharashtra).

The Yadavas initially ruled as feudatories of the Western Chalukyas. Around the middle of the 12th century, as the Chalukya power waned, the Yadava king Bhillama V declared independence. The Yadavas reached their peak under Simhana II, and flourished until the early 14th century, when it was annexed by the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate in 1308 CE.
Central Arnhem
The Central Arnhem, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in the Northern Territory, comprising an area of 3,462,433 hectares (8,555,860 acres) of central Arnhem Land in the Top End of the Northern Territory.

The bioregion is characterised by gently sloping terrain with scattered low hills and breakaways. Open forest and woodland vegetation is dominated by Darwin stringybark. Almost all the land is Aboriginal freehold. There are no major industries. The bioregion is sparsely populated, and Numbulwar is the largest community.

Numbulwar
Numbulwar, formerly known as Rose River Mission, is a small, primarily Aboriginal community on the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory of Australia. The major tribal group of the community is Nunggubuyu and their language, Wubuy, is used by older generations. Kriol is also widely spoken.

Permanent settlement began in 1952 with the founding of the Rose River Mission by local Aboriginal communities and the Church Missionary Society.

The Mission operated until the 1970s when community control passed to the Numbulwar Numburindi Community Council.

The community consists of a general store, a police station, a community school, an engine repair shop, a post office and about 670 residents. Formerly, Mission Aviation Fellowship had a base in Numbulwar which provided air services for the community, but now residents use commercial companies for this service.
Brenham, Texas
Brenham (/ˈbrɛnəm/ BREH-nəm) is a city in east-central Texas, United States, and the county seat of Washington County, with a population of 17,369 according to the 2020 U.S. census.

Brenham is also known for its annual German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest, similar to Volksfest. Numerous German immigrants settled here in the mid-19th century, following the revolutions in German states in 1848.

Volksfest
A Volksfest (pronounced [ˈfɔlks.fɛst] listenⓘ; German for "people's festival") is a large event in German-speaking countries which usually combines a beer festival or wine festival and a travelling funfair. Attractions may include amusement rides, games of chance and skill, and food and merchandise vendors.

When there is a beer festival, it is common to build one or more beer tents (Festzelte), usually sponsored by a brewery, and set up beer gardens where it is possible to order traditional food and try the Festbier (beer specially brewed for the season). A large beer tent will have hundreds of wooden benches with a seating capacity in the thousands and offer live music, being a favourite place for patrons to spend the evening. The Oktoberfest is the world's biggest Volksfest and occurs yearly in Munich, Bavaria.
Association copy
An association copy is a copy of a book which once belonged to the author or someone connected with the author. It can also apply to a copy that once belonged to someone particularly associated with its contents. An association copy is often also a presentation copy, in which the author gives the book to a friend, colleague, notable person, or someone upon whom a character in the book is thought or known to have been based.

Association copies are highly collectable.

An example of an association copy is Herman Melville's copy of The Narrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whaleship Essex of Nantucket that contains 18 pages of Melville's notes.

Comrade
In political contexts, comrade means a fellow party member. The political use was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the West has often associated it with communism.  As such, it can also be used as a reference to leftists, akin to "commie". In particular, the Russian word товарищ (tovarishch) may be used as a reference to communists.

The influence of the term in communism in the 20th century has led to some anarchists preferring the term "companion", a term that has been used in Western Europe since the end of the 19th century.
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-Guwahati) established 2008, is an Indian public Pharmacy research university, and a part of the seven schools, under India's Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. It is located at Sila Katamur, Changsari in Kamrup district of Assam. The institute offers Masters and Doctoral degrees in pharmaceutical sciences. As an Institute of National Importance it plays an important role in the Human Resource Development for the ever-growing Indian Pharmaceutical industry, which has been in the forefront of India’s science-based industries with wide-ranging capabilities in this important field of drug manufacture.

Kamrup district
Kamrup district (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p), is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India formed by dividing the old Kamrup district into two in the year 2003; other being Kamrup Metropolitan district, named after the region it constitutes. This district, along with Nalbari, Barpeta, Kamrup Metropolitan, Bajali and Baksa districts has been created from the Undivided Kamrup district. Rangiya is the Sub-District of Kamrup. The present Kamrup district has its headquarters at Amingaon.
Megat Hashirat Hassan
Tuan Megat Hashirat bin Hassan is a Malaysian politician and teacher who has served as Member of the Perlis State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Mohd Shukri Ramli as well as Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pauh since November 2022. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the coalition. He is the Acting Division Chief and Division Deputy Chief of BERSATU of Arau, State Information Chief of BERSATU of Perlis and Deputy Information Chief of PN of Arau. He is also presently one of the three BERSATU Perlis EXCO Members along with Izizam Ibrahim and Wan Zikri Afthar Ishak.

Arau (federal constituency)
Arau is a federal constituency in Perlis, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Peerless Lake, Alberta
Peerless Lake is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located on the northeastern shore of Peerless Lake, approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Red Earth Creek, and has an elevation of 695 metres (2,280 ft).

The community is under the jurisdiction of the Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17 and is located in the federal riding of Fort McMurray-Athabasca.

Fort McMurray—Athabasca
Fort McMurray—Athabasca (formerly Athabasca) was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 2015. It was a predominantly rural riding in northeastern Alberta, representing the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, the Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17, the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124, Big Lakes County, Lac La Biche County, Athabasca County and the southeastern part of Northern Sunrise County.
Barrie Cooke
Barrie C. Cooke (1931 – 4 March 2014) was an English-born Irish abstract expressionist painter.

Cooke was born in Knutsford, to an English father and an American mother, and spent part of his childhood in Jamaica and Bermuda, before moving to the U.S. in 1947, where he studied art history at Harvard University. He moved to Ireland in 1954, and in 1955 went to Salzburg to study under Austrian artist Oskar Kokoschka. His work is represented in such collections as the Irish Museum of Modern Art, the Ulster Museum, the Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), the Haags Gemeentemuseum (The Hague), and other public and private collections worldwide.

He was a friend and collaborator of both Ted Hughes and Seamus Heaney, illustrating Hughes's "The Great Irish Pike" (1982) and Heaney's Bog Poems (1975).

The Barrie Cooke archive which contains letters and poems from friends, including Heaney and Hughes is at Pembroke College, Cambridge.

He died in 2014 in Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland.

Ted Hughes
Edward James Hughes OM OBE FRSL (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet, translator, and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He was appointed Poet Laureate in 1984 and held the office until his death. In 2008, The Times ranked Hughes fourth on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".

Hughes married fellow poet, American Sylvia Plath, in 1956. They lived together in the United States and then in England, in a tumultuous relationship. They had two children before separating in 1962. Plath ended her life in 1963.
Yadana Dewi of Toungoo
Yadana Dewi (Burmese: ရတနာ ဒေဝီ, pronounced [jədənà dèwì]; Pali: Ratanadevī) was one of the five principal queens of King Mingyi Nyo of Toungoo Dynasty and the mother of Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi, the chief queen of King Bayinnaung. The third ranked queen of the five queens was a daughter of Hso Nyen Hpa or Nawn Ging Hpa the saopha (chief) of Mong Pai (Mobye). Her birth name was Khin Nwe (ခင်နွဲ့) according to standard chronicles, or Khin Hnin Nwe (ခင်နှင်းနွဲ့), according to the Toungoo Yazawin chronicle.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Ged Muston
Christianity portal

Gerald Bruce "Ged" Muston (19 January 1927–10 January 2017) was an Australian Anglican bishop, who served as the Bishop of North West Australia from 1981 to 1992.

Muston was born in Sydney and educated at Moore Theological College. After his ordination in 1951 he had a position with the Church Missionary Society before becoming the rector of Tweed Heads, Rural Dean of Essendon and then Archdeacon of the Northern Territory before his ordination to the episcopate.  He was an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne before becoming the Bishop of North West Australia.

Muston died in Perth on 10 January 2017.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
Tomokazu Yoshida
Tomokazu Yoshida (吉田 友一, Yoshida Tomokazu; born July 9, 1982 in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan) is a former Japanese actor and model previously under the management of Agape and Avex Entertainment.

Avex Inc.
Avex Inc. (Japanese: エイベックス株式会社, romanized: Eibekkusu kabushiki gaisha /əˈvɛks/ /ˈeɪvɛks/, commonly known as Avex and stylized as avex) is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate led by founder Max Matsuura and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1988, the company manages J-pop talents like Ayumi Hamasaki, TVXQ! and internet sensation PikoTaro. It has also shifted into other business domains like anime, video games and live music events, partnering with Ultra Music Festival and hosting the annual A-nation. The company is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) keiretsu.
Topography of Pakistan
The topography of Pakistan is divided into seven geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, the desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau, Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. All the rivers of Pakistan, i.e. Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line.

Salt Range
The Salt Range (Punjabi: سلسلہ کوہ نمک, romanized: Silsila Koh Namakīn and Namkistan نمکستان) is a mountain range in the north of Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends along the south of the Potohar Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Khewra, Kalabagh and Warcha which yield vast supplies of salt. Coal of a medium quality is also found here. The Salt Range starts from the Bakralla and Tilla Jogian ridges in the east and extends to the west of River Jhelum.

In the Himalayas and the Salt Range, rock containing fossil of marine life go back to the Ediacaran period (up to 570 million years ago), which shows these rocks have developed out of sea sediments, and that where the Himalayas are now was once a sea.

Sakesar is the highest peak of the Salt Range.

Namal Lake, Khabikki Lake and Uchhali Lake are lakes in the Salt Range.
Eremaea ebracteata
Eremaea ebracteata is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with narrow, mostly linear leaves and which bears orange-coloured flowers on the long branches of the same season's growth.  The fruits have a surface that is rough and lumpy.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Danubian Hills
The  Danubian Hills (Slovak: Podunajská pahorkatina), also translated as Danubian Upland, is the north-eastern part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia, often appearing as low rolling hills of prevalently eolic origin.

Little Hungarian Plain
The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alföld (Hungarian: Kisalföld [ˈkiʃɒlføld], Slovak: Malá dunajská kotlina, German: Kleine Ungarische Tiefebene) is a plain (tectonic basin) of approximately 8,000 km² in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia (Podunajská nížina – Danubian Lowland), and eastern Austria. It is a part of the Pannonian plain which covers most parts of Hungary.
Iversen
Iversen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈiˀvɐsn̩]) is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning "son of Iver", from the Old Norse personal name Ívarr. The Old Norse personal name is composed of the two elements: either ív meaning "yew tree", "bow" or Ing (an old Germanic God); and the element ar meaning "warrior" or "spear". Scandinavian immigrants to English-speaking countries often changed the spelling to Iverson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules.

Yngvi
Old Norse Yngvi [ˈyŋɡwe], Old High German Ing/Ingwi and Old English Ing are names that relate to a theonym which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr. Proto-Germanic Ingwaz was the legendary ancestor of the Ingaevones, or more accurately Ingvaeones, and is also the reconstructed name of the Elder Futhark rune ᛜ and Anglo-Saxon rune ᛝ, representing ŋ.
Williams & Kettle
Williams & Kettle Limited with headquarters in Napier, New Zealand, owned a stock and station agency business and a general merchants business with branches throughout the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Incorporated as a co-operative in 1891, it had been founded in 1885 by landowner and businessman Frederic Williams  (1854–1940) with Nathaniel Kettle (1854–1940), a brother-in-law of John Roberts the local principal of Dunedin's Murray Roberts and a former Murray Roberts & Co employee.

William Russell (New Zealand politician)
Sir William Russell Russell (12 November 1838 – 24 September 1913) was a New Zealand politician from 1870 to 1905. He was a cabinet minister, and was recognised as Leader of the Opposition from 1894 to 1901. Though considered by other politicians to have little sympathy with working people as a major landowner, his panache and involvement in local affairs led him to be liked and admired by Hawkes Bay's élite.
Butler Morris
Butler Morris (born 20 April 1994 in Madang, Papua New Guinea) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby union and rugby league footballer who has played in the 2010s. He has played representative rugby union (RU) for Papua New Guinea (Pukpuks) and the Papua New Guinea rugby sevens, as flanker, and club level rugby league (RL) for the Papua New Guinea Hunters in the Queensland Intrust Super Cup.

Papua New Guinea Hunters
The Papua New Guinea Hunters (also referred to as PNG Hunters) are a professional rugby league football club based in Papua New Guinea. They were formed in December 2013 and compete in the  Queensland Cup, a second tier competition in Australia. The Hunters are the second Papua New Guinean side to enter the Queensland Cup following the Port Moresby Vipers who competed for two seasons in 1996 and 1997. Every Hunters match is shown live on national free-to-air television. The Hunters' home ground is the National Football Stadium in Port Moresby and their team colours are gold, black and red. The Hunters won the Queensland Cup in 2017.

Since 2023, they are one of the feeder clubs for the Dolphins in the Australian National Rugby League and will be a feeder to the PNG NRL team in 2028.
DLR-Tubsat
DLR-Tubsat (a.k.a. TUBSAT) was a German remote sensing microsatellite, developed in a joint venture between Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) and German Aerospace Center (DLR). TU Berlin was responsible for the satellite bus and DLR was responsible for the payload. The satellite was launched into orbit on 26 May 1999, on the fifth mission of the PSLV program PSLV-C2. The launch took place in the Sriharikota Launching Range. The satellite had an expected life of one year.

Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC (formerly Sriharikota Range – SHAR) is the primary spaceport of ISRO, located in Sriharikota, an island in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The spaceport is located on an island off the east coast of India, surrounded by Pulicat Lake and the Bay of Bengal. The distance of Sriharikota from Chennai is 105 km (65 mi) and from Nellore is 119 km (74mi).

The Centre currently has three functioning launch pads used for launching sounding rockets, polar satellites and geosynchronous satellites. India's Lunar exploration probes Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, Mars Orbiter Mission, solar research mission Aditya-L1 and space observatory XPoSat were also launched from SDSC.

Originally called Sriharikota Range (SHAR), the centre was renamed on 5 September 2002 as a tribute to ISRO's former chairman Satish Dhawan with retaining its original acronym and is referred as SDSC-SHAR.