hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hund's cases
In rotational-vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules, Hund's coupling cases are idealized descriptions of rotational states in which specific terms in the molecular Hamiltonian and involving couplings between angular momenta are assumed to dominate over all other terms.  There are five cases, proposed by Friedrich Hund in 1926-27 and traditionally denoted by the letters (a) through (e).  Most diatomic molecules are somewhere between the idealized cases (a) and (b).

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
Darcia Leimgruber
Darcia Leimgruber (born 19 May 1989) is a Swiss female ice hockey player. She is a member of the Switzerland women's national ice hockey team. She played in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She also played also for ZSC Lions Zurich in the Leistungsklasse A, the top women's ice hockey league in Switzerland.

ZSC Lions
The Zürcher Schlittschuh Club Lions is a professional ice hockey team based in Zürich, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. Its home arena is the 12,000-seat Swiss Life Arena. The team was founded in 1930 and played at the Dolder-Kunsteisbahn from its establishment until 1950. Between 1950 and 2022, it played at the Hallenstadion.
Paul Barber (farmer)
Paul Kelson Barber (31 December 1942 – 18 June 2023) was an English farmer and cheese manufacturer. He was also successful as a racehorse owner, twice winning the Cheltenham Gold Cup as part-owner of horses See More Business in 1999 and Denman in 2008. He owned Manor Farm Stables at Ditcheat, the base of racehorse trainer Paul Nicholls.

Cheltenham Gold Cup
51°55′13″N 2°3′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.92028°N 2.05778°W﻿ / 51.92028; -2.05778

The Cheltenham Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt horse race run on the New Course at Cheltenham Racecourse in England, over a distance of about 3 miles 2½ furlongs (3 miles 2 furlongs and 70 yards, or 5,294 m), and during its running there are 22 fences to be jumped. The race takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

The steeplechase, which is open to horses aged five years and over, is the most prestigious of all National Hunt events and it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Riband of jump-racing. Its roll of honour features the names of such chasers as Arkle, Best Mate, Golden Miller, Kauto Star, Denman and Mill House. The Gold Cup is the most valuable non-handicap chase in Britain, and in 2025 it offered a total prize fund of £625,000.
Viktor Kneib
Viktor Ivanovich Kneyb (Russian: Виктор Иванович Кнейб; born 19 April 1980 in Bratsk) is a Russian luger who has competed since the late 1990s. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 9th in the men's doubles event at Nagano in 1998.

Kneib's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was eighth in men's singles at Igls in 2007. His best finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was sixth in men's singles at Winterberg in 2006.

FIL World Luge Championships
The FIL World Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place on an almost annual basis in non-Winter Olympics years since 1955. These championships are shown for artificial tracks. See FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships for all natural track events that have taken place since 1979.
2017 Beach Volleyball World Championships – Men's tournament
The men's tournament was held from 28 July to 6 August 2017.

Evandro Oliveira and André Stein won the title, defeating hosts Clemens Doppler and Alexander Horst in the final, 23–21, 22–20. Stein became the youngest player to win a gold medal at the World Championships at the age of 22.

Alexander Horst
Alexander Horst (born 20 December 1982) is an Austrian professional beach volleyball player. He currently plays on the FIVB World Beach Volleyball Tour with partner Clemens Doppler. Horst found most success with partner Florian Gosch on the FIVB World Beach Volleyball Tour, however a knee injury forced Gosch into early retirement in autumn 2010.

Horst and teammate Florian Gosch represented Austria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. His career highlights include a 5th place showing at the Beijing Games, a 2nd place at the 2009 European Beach Volleyball Championships in Sochi, Russia, and a 2nd place at the Stare Jablonki Grand Slam in Poland in 2012.
2009–10 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2009/10 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty first World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 12 December 2009 and lasted until 18 March 2010. This season included three disciplines: moguls, aerials and ski cross. There were no halfpipe and dual moguls events this season on calendar.

Ski cross
Ski cross is a skiing competition which incorporates terrain features traditionally found in freestyle skiing with courses which include big-air jumps and high-banked turns. In spite of the fact that it is a timed racing event, it is often considered a type of freestyle skiing. What sets ski cross apart from other alpine skiing disciplines is that it involves more than one skier racing down the course. Any intentional contact with other competitors like grabbing or any other forms of contact meant to give the competitor an advantage leads to disqualification.

Ski cross is a part of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. First organized in 1986, the world championship is now held every odd year. In 2010 the sport debuted as a part of the Winter Olympic Games and has been contested ever since. It was a part of the Winter X Games until 2012.
Kunisaki Hantō Prefectural Natural Park
Kunisaki Hantō Prefectural Natural Park (国東半島県立自然公園, Kunisaki Hantō kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park on the Kunisaki Peninsula in northeast Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1951, the park spans the municipalities of Bungotakada, Kitsuki, Kunisaki, and Usa. The park encompasses the temples of Fuki-ji and Maki Ōdō as well as Kumano magaibutsu, and includes a marine zone of 41 km2.

Fuki-ji
Fuki-ji (富貴寺) is Buddhist temple located in the city of  Bungotakada, Ōita Prefecture Japan. it is a temple of the Tendai sect, and its honzon is a statue of Amida Nyorai. Claimed to have been founded in 718 AD, the temple was also called "Amida-ji".  The precincts of the temple were designated a National Historic Site in 2013.
MV Sveti Krševan
MF  Sveti Krševan is a ro-ro vehicle and passenger ferry owned and operated by Jadrolinija, the Croatian state-owned ferry company. She was built in 2004 at the Kraljevica Shipyard Ltd. in Kraljevica, Croatia. As of June 2010 she serves on the local route Orebić—Dominče, connecting the Pelješac peninsula and the island of Korčula in southern Dalmatia.

MF Sveti Krševan is a Hull 535 class ferry, along with her twins, the MF Supetar and MF Cres, which are all operated by Jadrolinija. The ferries all have a capacity of 600 passengers and 100 cars and their maximum speed is 11.5 knots.

Kraljevica Shipyard
45°16′14″N 14°34′07″E﻿ / ﻿45.2706°N 14.5686°E﻿ / 45.2706; 14.5686

Kraljevica Shipyard is a shipbuilder at Kraljevica, on the Adriatic coast of Croatia. The shipyard was founded in 1729 by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and is claimed to be the oldest continuously operational shipyard in the world.

The shipyard has been operating under the name DALMONT d.o.o. since 1992. The government of Croatia has repeatedly attempted to privatise the shipyard, most recently in November 2010. The company was forced into bankruptcy proceedings by the Croatian government in March 2012.
Alia Bano
Alia Bano is a British playwright of Pashtun origin.

A graduate of Queen Mary, University of London, she currently works as a schoolteacher in London. Bano is a product of the Royal Court Theatre's programme for young playwrights, and her debut play Shades was staged at the Royal Court in early 2009. The play met with instant acclaim from the critics. Charles Spencer wrote in his four-star review in The Daily Telegraph: "Shades turns out to be something both special and unexpected – a Muslim Bridget Jones's Diary". Shades also received strong reviews in the Guardian, the Evening Standard and the International Herald Tribune among others and won Bano the award for Most Promising Playwright in the 2009 Evening Standard Awards.

Bano also took part in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Books where she wrote a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible.

Bush Theatre
The Bush Theatre is located in the Passmore Edwards Public Library, Shepherd's Bush, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. It was established in 1972 as a showcase for the work of new writers.
Mory Koné
Mory Koné (born 21 April 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for US Laon.

Koné is of Ivorian descent and has represented both his birth and ancestral nation at international level. He has represented France at under-17 and under-18 level, while he represented Ivory Coast at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
2023 Shanghai Challenger – Doubles
Gao Xin and Sun Fajing were the defending champions but only Sun chose to defend his title, partnering Yasutaka Uchiyama. Sun and Uchiyama withdrew from their quarterfinals match against Alex Bolt and Luke Saville.

Bolt and Saville won the title after defeating Bu Yunchaokete and Te Rigele 4–6, 6–3, [11–9] in the final.

Bu Yunchaokete
Buyunchaokete (born 19 January 2002), known as Bu Yunchaokete, is a Chinese tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 64, achieved on 14 April 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 274, achieved on 23 October 2023. He is currently the No. 1 male player from China.
2014 Sacramento Challenger – Doubles
John-Patrick Smith and Matt Reid were the defending champions, however they chose not to participate with each other. Smith partners Adam Hubble, whilst Reid partners Jose Statham.

Adam Hubble and John-Patrick Smith won the title by defeating Peter Polansky and Adil Shamasdin 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Peter Polansky
Peter Polansky (/pəˈlænski/ pə-LAN-skee; born June 15, 1988) is a Canadian former professional tennis player of Czech origin. He was Canada's top singles player from June 21, 2010, until January 17, 2011, in the ATP rankings. He was also Canada's No. 2 from August 4, 2008, until June 21, 2010, with the exception of one week. In 2018, he became the first player in the Open Era to qualify for all four Grand Slam tournaments as a lucky loser within the same calendar year.
Hadriania (Mysia)
Hadriania or Hadrianeia (Ancient Greek: Ἁδριάνεια) was a town of ancient Mysia. It was the seat of a bishop from an early date. No longer a residential see, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Dursunbey in Asiatic Turkey.

Dursunbey
Dursunbey, formerly Balat, is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,719 km2, and its population is 33,333 (2022). The mayor is Ramazan Bahçavan (AKP). Dursunbey is noted for its wood and apples.
Charles H. Mitchell
Charles H. Mitchell (May 25, 1940 – June 27, 2025) was an American academic administrator and professional American football player. He was the president of the Seattle Central Community College from 1987 to 2003 and the chancellor of the Seattle Community Colleges District from 2003 to 2008.

Seattle Central College
Seattle Central College is a public college in Seattle, Washington, United States. With North Seattle College and South Seattle College, it is one of the three colleges that comprise the Seattle Colleges District. The college has a substantial international student population served by the International Education Programs division as well as many immigrant and refugee students taking ESL courses through the Basic and Transitional Studies division. Seattle Central College also encompasses the Wood Construction Center and Seattle Maritime Academy, which are on separate campuses.
Sochy massacre
The Sochy massacre occurred on 1 June 1943 in the village of Sochy, Lublin Voivodeship in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship during the German occupation of Poland when approximately 181–200 of its inhabitants, including women and children, were massacred by the German Ordnungspolizei and SS in retaliation for the village's support for the Polish resistance movement.

Zamość
Zamość (Polish: [ˈzamɔɕt͡ɕ] ⓘ; Yiddish: זאמאשטש, romanized: Zamoshtsh; Latin: Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about 90 km (56 mi) from Lublin, 247 km (153 mi) from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021.

Zamość was founded in 1580 by Jan Zamoyski, Grand Chancellor of Poland, who envisioned an ideal city. The historical centre of Zamość was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992, following a decision of the sixteenth ordinary session of the World Heritage Committee, held between 7 and 14 December 1992 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States; it was recognized for being "a unique example of a Renaissance town in Central Europe".

Zamość is about 20 kilometres (12 miles) from the Roztocze National Park.
1996 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 14 December 1996 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The Liberal–National coalition government, led by Premier Richard Court, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Dr Geoff Gallop since 15 October 1996.

The election resulted in the Liberals winning an outright majority for the first time in Western Australia's history.  Although Court did not need the support of the Nationals, the coalition was retained.  Meanwhile, Labor attracted its lowest share of the primary vote since 1901.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
Josef Anton Schobinger
Josef Anton Schobinger (30 January 1849, in Lucerne – 27 November 1911) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1908–1911).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 17 June 1908, and died in office on 27 November 1911. He was affiliated with the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.

While in office he held positions in the following departments:

Department of Justice and Police (1908)

Department of Trade, Industry and Agriculture (1909)

Department of Finance (1910)

Department of Home Affairs (1911)

Federal Department of Justice and Police
The Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP; German: Eidgenössisches Justiz- und Polizeidepartement; French: Département fédéral de justice et police; Italian: Dipartimento federale di giustizia e polizia; Romansh: Departament federal da giustia e poliziaⓘ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government, and is equivalent to a ministry of justice in other countries. As of 2024, it is headed by Federal Councillor Beat Jans. Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police.
Hallicarnia
Hallicarnia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Lasiocampidae first described by William Forsell Kirby in 1892. Its only species, Hallicarnia albipectus, was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in

William Forsell Kirby
William Forsell Kirby (14 January 1844 – 20 November 1912) was an English entomologist and folklorist. He specialized in the study of the stick insects, describing nearly 70 species and 22 genera. His collection filled 120 cabinets and claimed that on reorganization, it would need 500 drawers. The stick insect Phobaeticus kirbyi described from Borneo and named by Brunner in 1907 after Kirby is one of the largest stick insects in the world.
A Word to the Wise
A Word to the Wise is a 1770 comedy play by the Irish writer Hugh Kelly. It was his second work after the 1767 hit False Delicacy. Kelly was known as a supporter of the government, and an opponent of the radical John Wilkes. During the second performance of the play a riot broke out amongst Wilkes' supporters at the Drury Lane Theatre and the play was subsequently withdrawn. When it was published instead Kelly wrote a long introduction defending himself and complaining about political prejudice. It was the first play performed at The Theatre, Leeds when it was opened on 24 May 1771. It was later staged by the American Company in North America.

The original Drury Lane cast included John Palmer as Captain Dormer, Thomas King as Sir George Hastings, Samuel Reddish as Sir John Dormer, Samuel Cautherley as Villars, James Wrighten as Footman, Ann Street Barry as Miss Montague, Elizabeth Younge as Miss Dormer and Sophia Baddeley as Miss Willoughby.

James Wrighten
James Wrighten (b. 1745 – d. 1793) was an English actor. He trained to work as a copperplate printer, but left that occupation for the stage. He moved from Birmingham to London and made his debut at Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 21 February 1779. He afterwards acted in numerous roles at the theatre until 1793, beginning work as a prompter in 1786.

Wrighten married prominent actress and singer Mary Ann Wrighten née Matthews in Birmingham in about 1769 and the couple moved to London to work in theatre. They had two daughters, Mary and Charlotte, maintaining a stormy relationship. They divorced in a public scandal that was widely covered in the press, after which Mary Ann Wrighten took her daughters and moved to the United States to pursue a career in theatre there. Wrighten also had a daughter by another marriage. He died in London at the age of 48.
2000 Copa Colsanitas
The 2000 Copa Colsanitas was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Club Campestre El Rancho in Bogotá, Colombia that was part of the Tier IV category of the 2000 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 7 February through 13 February 2000. Unseeded Patricia Wartusch won the singles title and earned $22,000.

Club Campestre El Rancho
The Club Campestre El Rancho is a tennis and golf venue in Bogotá, Colombia. Until 2012, the club was the host of the Copa Colsanitas, a WTA Tour Tier-III event (2001–2008), and from 2009 a WTA International tournament. The club previously hosted an ATP Tour event from 1994–2001. The club has 25 clay courts and a stadium court for 2,500 spectators.
Franchise (song)
"Franchise" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Travis Scott featuring fellow American rapper Young Thug and British rapper M.I.A. Originally titled "White Tee", the song interpolates Dem Franchize Boyz's song of the same name. The bass-heavy track finds the rappers boasting about their commercial successes. The song was released on September 25, 2020, alongside a video shot partly in England and at Michael Jordan's Chicago mansion. The video won the 2021 MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip Hop Video.

The song debuted atop the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, for the chart dated October 10, 2020, becoming Scott's fourth number-one (third number-one debut), Young Thug's second, and M.I.A.'s first. By doing so, Scott became the first artist in Billboard chart history to have three songs debut at number one in less than a year, and M.I.A. became the first British hip hop act to top the Billboard Hot 100.  It also debuted at number seven on the Billboard Global 200 chart.

MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip Hop Video
The MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip Hop was first given out at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards. The award, according to MTV, was originally intended for hip hop-inspired songs, not necessarily actual hip hop music videos (which were instead honored by Best Rap Video). This explains the recognition of non-hip hop songs such as "Thong Song" and "I'm Real (Remix)".

The award was not given out in 2007, as the VMAs were revamped and most original categories were eliminated, however, Best Hip Hop Video was reinstated in 2008. By then, though, the rules had relatively changed, as R&B and rap videos also became eligible for nominations in this category since the awards for Best Rap Video and Best R&B Video were not brought back.

Drake owns the most nominations, with a total of fifteen. Nicki Minaj has the most wins in this category, with a total of five moonmen.
Frank Kameny
Franklin Edward Kameny (May 21, 1925 – October 11, 2011) was an American gay rights activist. He has been referred to as "one of the most significant figures" in the American gay rights movement.

During the Lavender scare, in 1957, Kameny was dismissed from his position as an astronomer in the U.S. Army's Army Map Service in Washington, D.C., because of his homosexuality, leading him to begin "a Herculean struggle with the American establishment" that would "spearhead a new period of militancy in the homosexual rights movement of the early 1960s".

Kameny formally appealed his firing by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Although unsuccessful, the proceeding was notable as the first known civil rights claim based on sexual orientation pursued in a U.S. court.

National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring  Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the original Star-Spangled Banner. The museum is part of the Smithsonian Institution and located on the National Mall at 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking the eighth-most visited museum in the U.S.