hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harlem Jazz, 1930
Harlem Jazz, 1930 is a compilation album of phonograph records assembled by Brunswick Records during the American Federation of Musicians strike, cataloguing the effect of the Harlem Renaissance on what was known as Dixieland, or "hot" jazz in New York City. The album features venues the orchestras played at the time of the recordings, such as Connie's Inn or The Cotton Club.

Dixieland jazz
Dixieland jazz, also referred to as traditional jazz, hot jazz, or simply Dixieland, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jass Band fostered awareness of this new style of music.
Nkandla Local Municipality elections
The Nkandla Local Municipality council consists of twenty-seven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Fourteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in fourteen wards, while the remaining thirteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) won a majority of sixteen seats on the council.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Beno Gutenberg
Beno Gutenberg (/ˈɡuːtənbɜːrɡ/; June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-American seismologist who made several important contributions to the science.  He was a colleague and mentor of Charles Francis Richter at the California Institute of Technology and Richter's collaborator in developing the Richter scale for measuring an earthquake's magnitude.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Democratic Party of Greens
Democratic Party of Greens – For Animal Rights (Czech: Demokratická strana zelených – Za práva zvířat, DSZ - ZA PRÁVA ZVÍŘAT) is a green political party in the Czech Republic. It was founded on 10 March 2009 as a split from the Green Party, led by two Green MPs, Olga Zubová and Věra Jakubková, who opposed the party's participation in the centre-right government of Mirek Topolánek.

For the 2010 Czech parliamentary election, the party created an alliance with the Head Up – Electoral Bloc, but did not qualify for representation in the Chamber of Deputies. For the 2017 Czech parliamentary election, the party allied with the Party of Common Sense, but again failed to enter parliament. For the 2021 Czech parliamentary election, the party allied with Alliance for the Future, but again failed to get any parliamentary representation.

Head Up – Electoral Bloc
Hlavu vzhůru – volební blok, formerly Politika 21, was a small right-wing political party in the Czech Republic, established in 2006. The leader of the party was Jana Bobošíková, who had previously been a Member of the European Parliament.
Sarduri II
Sarduri II (ruled: 764–735 BC) was a King of Urartu, succeeding his father Argishti I to the throne.  The Urartian Kingdom was at its peak during his reign, campaigning successfully against several neighbouring powers, including Assyria.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Srimanta Baishya
Srimanta Baishya is an Indian academician and Professor at the National Institute of Technology Silchar in the Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering. He earned his B.E. in electrical engineering from Assam Engineering College in Guwahati, followed by an M.Tech. in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Baishya further pursued his Ph.D. in MOS Modeling from Jadavpur University in Kolkata. Presently, he serves as a professor at NIT Silchar, focusing on research areas such as MOS physics, modeling, and MEMS.

IIT Kanpur
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public institute of technology located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. As an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), it was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act. As of January 2025, at least 18 Padma Shri, 4 Padma Bhushan, 1 Padma Vibhushan, and 33 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients have been affiliated with IIT Kanpur as alumni or faculty members.
Oeneis tanana
Oeneis tanana is a species of butterfly, a member of the Satyrinae. It occurs in Alaska, and is believed to be the only endemic species of butterfly in the state. It is speculated to be a hybrid species of Oeneis bore and O. chryxus. The species is threatened due to habitat loss.

Hybrid speciation
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent species. Previously, reproductive isolation between two species and their parents was thought to be particularly difficult to achieve, and thus hybrid species were thought to be very rare. With DNA analysis becoming more accessible in the 1990s, hybrid speciation has been shown to be a somewhat common phenomenon, particularly in plants. In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid species is also called a nothospecies. Hybrid species are by their nature polyphyletic.
1998 Sparkassen Cup
The 1998 Sparkassen Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Leipzig in Germany that was part of the Tier II category of the 1998 WTA Tour. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from 2 November until 8 November 1998. Unseeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her fifth at the event, and earned $79,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Bako Ratsifa
Bako Ratsifa (born 18 March 1964) is a Malagasy swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She was the first woman to represent Madagascar at the Olympics.

She is the sister of Olympic swimmer Vola Hanta Ratsifandrihamanana (born 1970), who swam in the 1992 games in Barcelona.

Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Swimming as usual was one of the three aquatics disciplines at the 1980 Summer Olympics—the other two being Water Polo and Diving. It was held in the Swimming Pool of the Olimpiysky Sports Complex between July 20 and July 27. There was a total of 333 participants from 41 countries competing.

Because the number of participants was reduced by the boycott, FINA broke format by doing away with the semifinals. Instead, the top 8 finishers from the heats qualified directly for the final, or final A as it was called. In events up to 400 m, those that finished 9th to 16th in the heats would swim in Final B for the 9th place after the swimmers from Final A swam. This would continue as the Olympic format up to the 1996 Olympic Games.
Armfelt Conspiracy
The Armfelt Conspiracy was a plot in Sweden in 1793. The purpose was to depose the de jure regent Duke Charles and the de facto regent Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, leaders of the regency government of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, and replace them with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, the favorite of the king's father Gustav III of Sweden. The conspiracy was discovered and prevented in 1793.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Cosmic space
In mathematics, particularly topology, a cosmic space is any topological space that is a continuous image of some separable metric space. Equivalently (for regular T1 spaces but not in general), a space is cosmic if and only if it has a countable network; namely a countable collection of subsets of the space such that any open set is the union of a subcollection of these sets.

Cosmic spaces have several interesting properties. There are a number of unsolved problems about them.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.
Gallium(III) oxide
Gallium(III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ga2O3. An ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor, it has been studied for applications in power electronics, phosphors, and gas sensing. The compound has several polymorphs, of which the monoclinic β-phase is the most stable.

Solar-blind technology
Solar-blind technology is a set of technologies to produce images without interference from the Sun. This is done by using wavelengths of ultraviolet light that are totally absorbed by the ozone layer, yet are transmitted in the Earth's atmosphere. Wavelengths from 240 to 280 nm are completely absorbed by the ozone layer. Elements of this technology are ultraviolet light sources, ultraviolet image detectors, and filters that only transmit the range of wavelengths that are blocked by ozone. A system will also have a signal processing system, and a way to display the results (image).
El Triunfo Canton
El Triunfo Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Guayas Province.  Its capital is the town of El Triunfo.  Its population at the 2001 census was 34,117.

The Canton was created in 1983, but some of it is disputed with La Troncal Canton in Cañar Province.

Cantons of Ecuador
The cantons of Ecuador are the second-level subdivisions of Ecuador, below the provinces. The cantons are further subdivided into parishes, which are classified as either urban or rural.

As of 2025, there are 222 cantons in the country. The most recently created cantons are Sevilla Don Bosco in Morona Santiago Province in 2024; and La Concordia in Esmeraldas Province in 2007, although in 2013 La Concordia was transferred to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province.

Below is a list of cantons by province. All populations are as of the 2022 census, with the exception of the canton of Sevilla Don Bosco, as it did not exist at the time.
2024 Upper Austria Ladies Linz – Doubles
Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini won the doubles title at the 2024 Upper Austria Ladies Linz, defeating Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez in the final, 7–5, 4–6, [10–7].

Natela Dzalamidze and Viktória Hrunčáková were the reigning champions, but Dzalamidze chose to compete in Hua Hin instead. Hrunčáková partnered Alexandra Panova, but lost in the first round to Ulrikke Eikeri and Tereza Mihalíková.

Tereza Mihalíková
Tereza Mihalíková (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈtereza ˈmiɦaliːkɔʋaː]; born 2 June 1998) is a Slovak tennis player. She has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 24 by the WTA, reached on 9 February 2026.

She has won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour and three WTA Challenger doubles titles, along with eight singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Mihalíková was very successful as a junior. As a former junior No. 4, she won the Australian Open in both events. First, in 2015, she won the girls' singles event, after defeating Katie Swan in the final. Her doubles title came a year later, when, alongside Anna Kalinskaya, she defeated Dayana Yastremska and Anastasia Zarycká. She is also three time Grand Slam finalist in doubles: 2014 US Open and Australian Open and Wimbledon in 2015.

While still playing mostly in tournaments of the ITF Circuit in singles, she had her breakthrough in doubles by winning her first career title in 2021 and debuting in the top 100.
Ayer Lanas (Kelantan state constituency)
Ayer Lanas is a state constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
The Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Kelantan) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Kelantan. It consists of 45 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart.

The State Legislative Assembly convenes at the Kota Darul Naim in the state capital, Kota Bharu.

Out of the 45 seats, 42 are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 37 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a two-thirds supermajority in the assembly.

Meanwhile, Barisan Nasional (BN) - United Malays National Organization (UMNO) holds 2 seats and
Pakatan Harapan (PH) - National Trust Party (AMANAH) holds 1 seat.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Adaptation
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Adaptation is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in adapted works of theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City.

Amy Herzog has won the award twice in a row, for her adaptations of A Doll's House and An Enemy of the People, while she is tied with Jeffrey Hatcher and Robert Icke for most nominations, with two each.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Baynard Kendrick
Baynard Hardwick Kendrick (April 8, 1894 – March 22, 1977) was an American mystery novelist. He wrote whodunit novels about Duncan Maclain, a blind private investigator who worked with his two German shepherds and his household of assistants to solve murder mysteries. The novels were the basis for two films starring Edward Arnold, Eyes in the Night(1942) and The Hidden Eye (1945). Kendrick was credited by Stirling Silliphant for being the source of the Longstreet character about a blind insurance investigator. He also wrote using the pseudonym Richard Hayward.

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Binyang County
Binyang County (simplified Chinese: 宾阳县; traditional Chinese: 賓陽縣; pinyin: Bīnyáng Xiàn; Standard Zhuang: Binhyangz Yen) is a county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, with a permanent population of 782,255 and a hukou population of 1,051,373 as of the 2010 Census. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Laibin to the northeast and Guigang to the east. The main highways passing near the county seat are China National Highways 322 and 324. The local economy is based mostly on industry and services. The county seat is Binzhou Town, known as one of the oldest towns in Guangxi which has population over 200,000 people. People speak Binyanghua in Binyang, which is a branch of Cantonese.

China National Highway 322
China National Highway 322 (G322) runs from Hunan to Guangxi. It is 1,039 kilometres in length and runs southwest from Hengyang towards Friendship Pass, which is on the China-Vietnam border. Its western end connects to National Route 1A in Vietnam.
Estonia–Taiwan relations
Estonia–Taiwan relations are the bilateral relations between Estonia and Taiwan. Although the two countries do not have official diplomatic relations, they have engaged in cultural and economic exchanges. The Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia also represents Taiwanese interests in Estonia in the absence of formal diplomatic relations.

Kristo Enn Vaga
Kristo Enn Vaga (born 4 January 1997) is an Estonian racing cyclist and politician representing the Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Eesti Reformierakond). Following the 2023 Estonian parliamentary election, he was elected to the Riigikogu.
Grégoire Maertens
Grégoire Maertens (born 1 January 1924) is a Belgian Esperantist who was a member of the Estraro (steering committee) for the UEA (Universala Esperanto-Asocio or World Esperanto Association) from 1977 until 1992. From 1980 until 1986, he was president of the UEA, and an honorary member from 1993 onwards.

Maertens was born in Bruges, West Flanders, where he became active in the local Esperanto movement in Bruges as of 1946 and became a member of the BEF (Belga Esperanto-Federacio or Belgian Esperanto Federation).  He was a lecturer at the AIS (Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj or International Academy of Science) in San Marino, where he was also treasurer from 1992 until 1995.

He turned 100 on 1 January 2024. On this occasion, he received a personal letter of congratulations from George Soros, whom Maertens had helped move to England shortly after the two met at the 1947 International Esperanto Youth Congress in Bern.

International Academy of Sciences San Marino
The International Academy of Sciences San Marino (Esperanto: Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino, AIS) was a scientific association. It was established in 1983 and had its first convention, SUS 1, around New Year 1984 in the City of San Marino. After the Sammarinese skeleton law on higher education had been passed the academy was officially founded on 13 September 1985 (1985-09-13), in the presence of the Captains-Regent. Its name uses the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto.

Although the juristical association was officially dissolved at the end of 2020, the AIS is still active.
Yekeh Bagh, Qom
Yekeh Bagh (Persian: يكه باغ, also Romanized as Yekeh Bāgh) is a village in Rahjerd-e Sharqi Rural District, Salafchegan District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 398, in 122 families.

Qom province
Qom Province (Persian: استان قم) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0.89% of the total area of the country. Its capital is the city of Qom.

The province is in the central part of the country and was formed from part of Tehran province in 1995. The province was designated as part of Region 1 following the division of Iranian provinces into 5 regions which took place on June 22, 2014, for the purposes of coordination and development.
Johnny Callanan
John Callanan (20 May 1910 – 15 June 1982) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician from County Galway.

Callanan was born in Kilconnell, near Ballinasloe, County Galway, to a farming family. In the 1950s, he was an active member of the Irish farmers' youth association Macra na Feirme.

Callanan was elected to Dáil Éireann as Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare–South Galway constituency at the 1973 general election. He was then re-elected at the 1977 general election for the new Galway East constituency. He held that seat at the next two general elections, but he died in office in 1982. The resulting by-election for the seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Noel Treacy.

He was an uncle of the former Galway East TD, Joe Callanan who served from 2002 to 2007.

Ballinasloe
Ballinasloe (/ˌbælnəˈsloʊ/ bal-na-SLOH; Irish: Béal Átha na Sluaighe, meaning 'mouth of the ford of the crowds') is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway, Ireland, situated on the River Suck, which forms the boundary with County Roscommon. Located at an ancient crossing point on the river, evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Bronze Age sites. Built around a 12th-century castle, which defended the fording point, the modern town of Ballinasloe was "founded" in the early 13th century. As of the 2022 census, it was one of the largest towns in County Galway, with a population of 6,597 people.
HP (car)
The HP was a British three-wheeled cyclecar made from 1926 until 1928 by Hilton-Peacey (possibly Pacey) Motors of Woking, Surrey.

Most cars used an air-cooled 500 cc single-cylinder JAP engine but one had a larger 600 cc version and another two 500 cc Dunelt 2 strokes and three 500 cc Vulpine overhead valve engines. The drive was by chain to a Sturmey-Archer three-speed transmission and then a further long chain to the single rear wheel. Several of the components including front axles were bought from the Blériot-Whippet company which had closed down. Hilton-Peacey Motors also offered to supply spares to Blériot-Whippet owners.

The body was made largely of plywood covered in fabric. The chassis was made of laminated ash and the front axle was carried on quarter elliptic leaf springs. To simplify the transmission the back wheel was unsprung.

Four people were employed including Hilton Skinner and Bob Peacey and about 40 cars were made. They sold for £65.

J. A. Prestwich Industries
J. A. Prestwich Industries, was a British engineering equipment manufacturing company named after founder John Alfred Prestwich, which was formed in 1951 by the amalgamation of J. A. Prestwich and Company Limited and Pencils Ltd.