hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
How the 'A' Stole Christmas
"How the 'A' Stole Christmas" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season and 108th episode overall of the mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars, which aired on December 9, 2014, on the cable network ABC Family. The episode was the series' first Christmas special and aired as part of the programming block 25 Days of Christmas. It was directed by I. Marlene King and co-written by King and Kyle Bown.

"How the 'A' Stole Christmas" yielded 2.09 million viewers, making it the Holiday special with the lowest viewership of the series. The episode received positive reviews, with Janel Parrish's performance as "Ghost Mona" receiving widespread acclaim; further praise was directed toward its themes of grief, nostalgia, and memory, as well as its blend of camp and horror.

25 Days of Christmas
Freeform's 25 Days of Christmas is an American annual seasonal event of Christmas programming broadcast during the month of December by the U.S. cable network Freeform. Launched on December 1, 1996, it consists primarily of reruns of Christmas-themed television specials, theatrical films (some of which are not related to Christmas), and originally produced television films, which air throughout the day and night from December 1 through Christmas Day, preempting the channel's regular lineup.

25 Days of Christmas programming often attracts major surges in viewership for Freeform, with higher-profile film airings often attracting 3–4 million viewers or more. Freeform has described the block, along with its companion October block the 31 Nights of Halloween, as its tentpole.
Quinto River
The Quinto River (Spanish: Río Quinto), also known as the Popopis, is in central Argentina.

It rises in Sierra de San Luis near the Retama mountain in San Luis Province. The Quinto flows to the southeast. Near the Paso de las Carreteras dam, the Quinto River begins to flow through the Pampas. It passes Villa Mercedes city, where it is about 45 metres (148 ft) wide. It then flows through Córdoba Province. Finally, it flows into the Bañados de la Amarga swamps in its lower course. During the rainy season the Quinto's waters sometimes rise sufficiently to reach Santa Fé and Buenos Aires provinces and sometimes even as far as the Salado River basin. The Quinto's length is dependent on the season. It can vary from 375 kilometres (233 mi) in the dry period to 878 kilometres (546 mi) after heavy rain.

Sierra de Falcón
The Sierra de Falcón consists of a series of mountains located in Venezuela's Falcón State of relatively low altitude, mostly formed by the Sierra de San Luis and the Sierra de Churuguara. They have an east–west orientation and are part of the Coriano System. The Sierra de San Luis has been made into a National Park - the Juan Crisóstomo Falcón National Park.
National, Maryland
National is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 56.

National is located in the Georges Creek Valley of western Allegany County along Maryland Route 936, 4 miles (6 km) south of Frostburg.

Frostburg, Maryland
Frostburg is a city in Allegany County, Maryland. It is located at the head of the Georges Creek Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Cumberland. The town is one of the first cities on the "National Road", US 40, and the western terminus of the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad. It is part of the Cumberland metropolitan area.

Frostburg was originally called Mount Pleasant until 1820, when the government developed a postal service, and the town was renamed Frostburg. Since 1973, the city has been served by what is now Interstate 68.

As of the 2020 census, Frostburg had a population of 7,027. In addition, 5,400 students attend Frostburg State University, a public university within the University System of Maryland.
1970 Big League World Series
The 1970 Big League World Series took place from August 17–22 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Lincolnwood, Illinois defeated San Fernando/Simi Valley, California twice in the championship game. This was the first BLWS held in Fort Lauderdale.

This year marked the first appearance for the European, and Latin American regions.

Simi Valley, California
Simi Valley (/ˈsiːmiː/ ⓘ; Chumash: Shimiyi) is a city in the valley of the same name in southeastern Ventura County, California, United States. It is 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles, making it part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. Simi Valley borders Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, and the Chatsworth neighborhood of Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, Simi Valley had a population of 126,356. The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountains and the Simi Hills, west of the San Fernando Valley, and northeast of the Conejo Valley. It grew as a bedroom community for the cities in the Los Angeles area and the San Fernando Valley when a freeway was built over the Santa Susana Pass.

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where the former president was buried in 2004, is in Simi Valley.
2015 Anning Open – Women's doubles
Han Xinyun and Zhang Kailin were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals.

The top seeds Xu Yifan and Zheng Saisai won the title, defeating Yang Zhaoxuan and Ye Qiuyu in an all-Chinese final, 7–5, 6–2.

Han Xinyun
Han Xinyun (Chinese: 韩馨蕴; pinyin: Hán Xīnyùn; Mandarin pronunciation: [xǎn ɕín ŷn]; born 30 May 1990), also known as Monica Han, is a Chinese former tennis player.

Han won three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. In addition, she won 35 titles (9 in singles and 26 in doubles) on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 24 October 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 105. On 29 July 2019, she peaked at No. 50 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for China Fed Cup team, Han recorded a win–loss record of 2–1.
Dear Old Pal of Mine
"Dear Old Pal of Mine" is a World War I song written by Harold Robe and Gitz Rice. The song was first published in 1916 by G. Ricordi & Co. in New York, NY.

Irish tenor John McCormack earned the nickname the "Singing Prophet of Victory" by popularizing this wartime song. It was in the top 20 from January to March 1919 and reached number 10 in February.

The idea for the song, according to an editorial note on the sheet music, was conceived by Rice while on sentry duty at the front lines at Ypres, Belgium.

Ypres
Ypres (/ˈiːprə/ EE-prə, French: [ipʁ] ⓘ;  Dutch: Ieper [ˈipər] ⓘ; West Flemish: Yper; German: Ypern [ˈyːpɐn] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though 
the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.

During the First World War, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.
Roderick MacDonald (musician)
Roderick MacDonald was principal trumpet of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra from 1989 to 2005.

In 1989, MacDonald was hired for the Gewandhaus Orchestra, one of the world's oldest symphony orchestras, directly by Maestro Kurt Masur.  MacDonald is also a founding member of the Leipzig Baroque Soloists.

Prior to his appointment by Masur, MacDonald pursued his graduate studies in trumpet with Charles Schlueter at the New England Conservatory and also was a fellow at the  Tanglewood Music Festival.

Roderick Macdonald has been the music director of the New England Symphony Orchestra in Leominster, Massachusetts, since 2014 and associate professor of music at State University of New York, SUNY Fredonia since 2006.

Tanglewood
Tanglewood is a music venue and festival in the towns of Lenox and Stockbridge in the Berkshire Hills of western Massachusetts. It has been the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra since 1937.  Tanglewood is also home to three music schools: the Tanglewood Music Center, Tanglewood Learning Center, and the Boston University Tanglewood Institute. Besides classical music, Tanglewood hosts the Festival of Contemporary Music, jazz and popular artists, concerts, and frequent appearances by James Taylor, John Williams, and the Boston Pops.
Chertanovo Severnoye District
Chertanovo Severnoye District  (Russian: райо́н Черта́ново Се́верное) is a territorial division (a district, or raion) in Southern Administrative Okrug, one of the 125 in the federal city of Moscow, Russia. It is located in the south of the federal city. The area of the district is 5.4015 square kilometers (2.0855 sq mi). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 111,875.

Administrative divisions of Moscow
Central Administrative Okrug

Northern Administrative Okrug

North-Eastern Administrative Okrug

Eastern Administrative Okrug

South-Eastern Administrative Okrug

Southern Administrative Okrug

South-Western Administrative Okrug

Western Administrative Okrug

North-Western Administrative Okrug

Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug

Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug

Troitsky Administrative Okrug

The federal city of Moscow, Russia is divided into administrative districts called administrative okrugs, which are a subdivision of state administration. They are further divided into municipal formations called districts (raions) and settlements (poseleniy), which are local self-government entities.
Norwich Film Festival
Norwich Film Festival is a BAFTA and BIFA qualifying short film festival founded in 2009 and held in Norwich, England, which showcases films by local, national and international filmmakers, both independent and mainstream. Various films have gone on to win BAFTAs and Oscars, as well as awards at the Sundance Film Festival, Tribeca Festival and South by Southwest.

The festival has received support from various celebrities, such as Olivia Colman, Stephen Fry, Tim McInnerney, Julian Jarrold and John Collee. Entries can also qualify to be shortlisted at the BAFTAs or the British Independent Film Awards.

Norwich University of the Arts
The Norwich University of the Arts (NUA) is a public university in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom that specialises in art, design, media, architecture and performance. It was founded as Norwich School of Design in 1845 and has a long history of arts education. It gained full university status in 2013. The NUA is the smaller of two universities in Norwich, the other being the University of East Anglia (UEA).
1981 London Marathon
The 1981 London Marathon was the first running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 29 March. The elite men's race was won in a time of 2:11:48 hours by two athletes, American Dick Beardsley and Inge Simonsen of Norway, who crossed the finish line holding hands. The women's race was won by Britain's Joyce Smith in 2:29:57.

Around 20,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 7747 had their applications accepted and around 7055 started the race. A total of 6255 runners finished the race.

Joyce Smith
Joyce Esther Smith MBE (née Byatt, born 26 October 1937) is a British former long-distance runner. She broke the world record in the 3000 metres in 1971 and is a three-time medallist at the International/World Cross Country Championships, including winning in 1972. She went on to twice win the London Marathon, becoming the first British woman in history to run under 2:30 when winning in 1981 with 2:29:57, before further improving the British record to 2:29:43 when winning in 1982. She also competed in the 1500 metres at the 1972 Munich Olympics and finished 11th in the marathon at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, aged 46.
Kurt H. Becker
Kurt H. Becker is a physicist and entrepreneur. His research focuses on experimental atomic, chemical, and plasma physics. He is vice dean of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering. Becker holds seven patents regarding the generation and maintenance of atmospheric-pressure plasmas and their application.

Chemical physics
Chemical physics is a branch of physics that studies chemical processes from a physical point of view. It focuses on understanding the physical properties and behavior of chemical systems, using principles from both physics and chemistry. This field investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics.

The United States Department of Education defines chemical physics as "A program that focuses on the scientific study of structural phenomena combining the disciplines of physical chemistry and atomic/molecular physics. Includes instruction in heterogeneous structures, alignment and surface phenomena, quantum theory, mathematical physics, statistical and classical mechanics, chemical kinetics, and laser physics."
Snefru
Snefru is a cryptographic hash function invented by Ralph Merkle
in 1990 while working at Xerox PARC.
The function supports 128-bit and 256-bit output. It was named after the Egyptian Pharaoh Sneferu, continuing the tradition of the Khufu and Khafre block ciphers.

The original design of Snefru was shown to be insecure by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir who were able to use differential cryptanalysis to find hash collisions. The design was then modified by increasing the number of iterations of the main pass of the algorithm from two to eight. Although differential cryptanalysis can break the revised version with less complexity than brute force search (a certificational weakness), the attack requires  operations and is thus not currently feasible in practice.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Regiment Louw Wepener/Oos Vrystaat
Regiment Louw Wepener was an infantry battalion of the South African Army. As a reserve force unit, it had a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Irwin I. Shapiro
Irwin Ira Shapiro is an American astrophysicist and Timken University Professor at Harvard University.  He has been a professor at Harvard since 1982.  He was the director of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian from 1982 to 2004.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Matumbi language
Matuumbi, also known as Kimatuumbi and Kimatumbi, is a language spoken in Tanzania in the Kipatimu region of the Kilwa District, south of the Rufiji river. It is a Bantu language, P13 in Guthrie's classification. Kimatuumbi is closely related to the Ngindo, Rufiji and Ndengereko languages. It is spoken by about 70,000 people, according to the Ethnologue.

Matuumbi is the augmentative plural of the Kimatuumbi word for 'hills' (singular form: kituumbi, class 7/8). Ki- is a Bantu noun class prefix attached to nouns of the class that includes languages (cf. Kiswahili, Kikongo).

Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL Global, an American evangelical Christian non-profit organization.
Nioboholtite
Nioboholtite is an extremely rare mineral with the formula (Nb0.6[]0.4)Al6BSi3O18. It is the niobium-rich member of the dumortierite supergroup, and the niobium analogue of holtite of the holtite group. It is one of three quite recently found minerals of this group, the other two being titanoholtite and szklaryite, all coming from the Szklary village near Ząbkowice Śląskie in Poland. They occur in a unique pegmatite. Nioboholtite and schiavinatoite are both minerals with essential niobium and boron.

Ząbkowice Śląskie
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze [zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German: Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Ząbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality called Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, it had a population of 15,004.
Salenside
Salenside is a village off the A7, on the Ale Water, near Ashkirk, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Selkirkshire. There was a Salenside Tower house, but nothing remains of it. Salenside Farm and Salenside Cottage exist. The placenames Selkirk and Salenside are related.

Other places nearby include Appletreehall, Essenside, Hawick, Lilliesleaf, Philiphaugh, and Woll.

Ale Water
The Ale Water is a tributary of the River Teviot, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It rises at Henwoodie Hill and flows through Alemoor Loch.
It meets the Teviot south of the village of Ancrum, and it runs through Ashkirk and Lilliesleaf. At Ancrum the depth of the water is between 0.26 metres (0.85 ft) and 2.24 metres (7.3 ft), although was as deep at 2.88 metres (9.4 ft) on one occasion in 2002.

The river's name was originally "Alne", as in Alnwick.
Bulk endocytosis
Bulk endocytosis refers to a form of endocytosis of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals.  In bulk endocytosis, compared to clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a larger area of presynaptic plasma membrane is internalised as cisternae or endosomes from which multiple synaptic vesicles  can subsequently bud off.  Bulk endocytosis is activated specifically during intense stimulation, such as during high-frequency trains of action potentials or in response to membrane depolarization by high extracellular concentrations of potassium.

Synaptic vesicle
In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell. The area in the axon that holds groups of vesicles is an axon terminal or "terminal bouton". Up to 130 vesicles can be released per bouton over a ten-minute period of stimulation at 0.2 Hz. In the visual cortex of the human brain, synaptic vesicles have an average diameter of 39.5 nanometers (nm) with a standard deviation of 5.1 nm.
2013 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
The 2013 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup season was the seventh season of the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup. The season began at Circuit of the Americas on 20 April and ended on 29 September at the Ciudad del Motor de Aragón after 14 races. The races, for the first year contested by the riders on equal KTM 250cc 4-stroke Moto3 bikes, were held at eight meetings on the Grand Prix motorcycle racing calendar.

Czech rider Karel Hanika won the championship, securing the title after the Misano race.

MotorLand Aragón
MotorLand Aragón (alternative Spanish name: Circuito de Alcañiz) is a 5.344 km (3.321 mi) race track used for motorsports located in Alcañiz, Spain.

The circuit was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke in conjunction with the British architectural business Foster and Partners. Formula One driver Pedro de la Rosa was a technical and sporting consultant on the project.

The facility has been designed to incorporate three main zones; a technology park, a sports area and a leisure and culture area. The technology park will feature research and educational institutes related to the motor industry, the sports area will include the racing circuit (with multiple layouts), a karting track and various gravel circuits, whilst the leisure and culture section will feature a hotel, business centre and shopping facilities.
Yousef Nouri
Yousef Nouri (Persian: یوسف نوری, born 1961) is an Iranian politician who formerly served as the Governor-general of Mazandaran Province. He was the Minister of Education of Iran on Raisi's cabinet. On April 3, 2023, Nouri resigned from his position due to problems of educators and the pressures on him.
He was also the chairman of the board of trustees of the Student Organization Of Iran. He was suggested by Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran, to the Iran parliament.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Erik Rshtuni
Erik Rshtuni was Chairman of the State Committee for Standards, Consumer and Technical Supervision of Abkhazia in the Government of President Khajimba from 2014 until 2016. Rshtuni was first appointed on 23 October 2014, after Raul Khajimba's election, who created the State Committee out of the State Administration for Standards, Metrology and Certification. Rshtuni served in the cabinets of Prime Ministers Beslan Butba and Artur Mikvabia, but he was replaced by Akhra Pachkoria on 1 November 2016, following the appointment of Beslan Bartsits as Prime Minister.

Artur Mikvabia
Artur Mikvabia (Abkhaz: Артур Артиом-иԥа Амқәаб; Georgian: არტურ მიქვაბია; born 22 May 1949) is an economist and politician from Abkhazia. He was Prime Minister in the Government of President Khajimba between 20 March 2015 and 26 July 2016.