hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galatians 1
Galatians 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Galatians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Authorship is traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, writing for the churches in Galatia between 49 and 58 AD. This chapter contains Paul's exposition concerning the significance of what he says is God's revelation of Jesus Christ.

Galatia
Galatia (/ɡəˈleɪʃə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλατία, Galatía, Turkish: Galatya) was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC.
Saskatchewan Highway 247
Highway 247 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan's 200-series highways primarily service its recreational areas. The highway follows the course of the Qu'Appelle River running east from Highway 47 to Highway 9. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.

Along Highway 247's route, it passes by Crooked and Round Lakes, passes through Crooked Lake Provincial Park, and provides access to several communities along the north bank of the river.

Numbered highways in Canada
Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. With few exceptions, all highways in Canada are numbered. Nonetheless, every province has a number of highways that are better known locally by their name rather than their number. Some highways have additional letters added to their number: A is typically an alternate route, B is typically a business route, and other letters are used for bypass (truck) routes, connector routes, scenic routes, and spur routes. The territory of Nunavut has no highways.
Legislature of Corrientes
The Legislature of Corrientes Province (Spanish: Legislatura de la Provincia de Corrientes) is the legislature of Corrientes, one of the twenty three provinces that make up Argentina. It is a bicameral body, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (made up of 30 representatives), and the Senate (with 15 representatives).

It is one of eight bicameral legislatures in the country. Members of both houses are elected by proportional representation in a single province-wide district. Senators serve for six years and deputies serve for four years; elections to both chambers are staggered; the Senate renews a third of its members every two years while the Chamber of Deputies renews half of its members every two years, emulating the system employed by both houses of the National Congress.

Both houses of the Legislature convene in the provincial capital of Corrientes.

Corrientes
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes] ⓘ; Guaraní: Taragui, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Buenos Aires and 300 km (186 mi) from Posadas, on National Route 12. It has a population of 346,334 according to the 2010 Census. It lies opposite its twin city, Resistencia, Chaco.

Corrientes has a mix of colonial and modern architecture, several churches and a number of lapacho, ceibo, jacaranda and orange trees. It is also home to one of Argentina's biggest carnival and chamamé celebrations.

The annual average temperature is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimetres (59 in).
Physically based rendering
Physically based rendering (PBR) is a computer graphics approach that seeks to render images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with optics in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or "Physically Based Shading". Many PBR pipelines aim to achieve photorealism. Feasible and quick approximations of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function and rendering equation are of mathematical importance in this field. Photogrammetry may be used to help discover and encode accurate optical properties of materials. PBR principles may be implemented in real-time applications using shaders or offline applications using ray tracing or path tracing.

OpenGL Shading Language
OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language. It was created by the OpenGL ARB (OpenGL Architecture Review Board) to give developers more direct control of the graphics pipeline without having to use ARB assembly language or hardware-specific languages.
Cuisson Lake
Cuisson Lake is a lake in the Cariboo Regional District of British Columbia, about 25 miles (40 km) north of the city of Williams Lake. It lies immediately adjacent to Rimrock Lake. It was named after Lewis Cuisson.

Cuisson Lake has a mean depth of 3.8 metres (12 ft), maximum depth of 12 metres (39 ft), and approximate surface area of 164 hectares (410 acres).

Williams Lake, British Columbia
Williams Lake is a city in the Central Interior of British Columbia, in the central Cariboo. Affectionately referred to as "Billy's Puddle" by locals, Williams Lake is one of the largest cities, by population of metropolitan area, in the Cariboo after neighbouring Quesnel. The city is famous for the Williams Lake Stampede, which is the second largest professional rodeo in Canada, after only the Calgary Stampede.
Doak Island
Doak Island is an island located within Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is approximately 4 m (13 ft) above sea level.

It was named after Corporal William Andrew Doak, a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.  Doak was killed by his Inuit prisoner, Alikomiak, in 1922 at Kugluktuk. Alikomiak and his fellow prisoner Tatimagana were the first Inuit to be executed for murder under Canadian law.

Other islands in the vicinity include Bate Island, Murray Island, Edinburgh Island, and Takhoalok Island, as well as the Sesqui Islands.

Kitikmeot Region
Kitikmeot Region (/ˈkɪtəkmjuːt/; Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the southern and eastern parts of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional centre is Cambridge Bay (population 1,760).

Before 1999, Kitikmeot Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories.
Kampango
The kampango or kampoyo (Bagrus meridionalis) is a critically endangered species of large and predatory bagrid catfish that is endemic to Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe and the upper Shire River in Africa. It prefers areas near rocks in water shallower than 50 m (160 ft), but it also occurs deeper (not beyond the oxygen limit) and over a sandy or muddy bottom.

Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.
Mangamuka
Mangamuka is a district in Northland, New Zealand, at the junction of the Mangamuka and Opurehu Rivers. State Highway 1 runs through the area, and the settlement of Mangamuka Bridge lies at the point where the highway crosses the Mangamuku River. The river runs into the upper Hokianga Harbour. Just to the north west, the highway runs through Mangamuka Gorge in the Maungataniwha Range. Umawera lies to the south east.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "stream of the furled shoot of the nīkau plant" for Mangamuka.

Mangamuka River
The Mangamuka River is a river of the far north of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally south from the Maungataniwha Range southeast of Kaitaia, and the last few kilometres of its length are a wide, silty arm of the Hokianga Harbour, which it reaches 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Rawene.
David Peña Dorantes
David Peña Dorantes (born 1969) is a Spanish pianist and composer from Andalusia (Spain) known for his compositions and performances of flamenco. His music has been influenced by Debussy and jazz. His first album, Orobroy, released in 1998, received both critical and public acclaim. His second album, released in 2001 and titled Sur, was recorded in Paris, Sevilla, and Sofia, and was also well received. His third album, Without Walls!, was released in 2012. Dorantes has collaborated with prominent artists such as Lole Montoya, Alba Molina, Susheela Raman, El Barrio, Arcángel, Carmen Linares, Miguel Poveda, and José Mercé.

Dorantes is Romani.

Miguel Poveda
Miguel Ángel Poveda León  (born 13 February 1973) is a Spanish flamenco singer.

Poveda has collaborated with artists from various disciplines who were previously unknown to flamenco audiences. He often collaborates with Spanish flamenco guitarist Juan Gómez "Chicuelo", with whom he has toured extensively in Europe, Japan and the US.
Opera North (U.S.A.)
Opera North is an American opera company based in Lebanon, New Hampshire, and is the region's oldest professional opera company. The company presents an annual summer season of three fully staged and orchestrated productions: a traditional opera, a piece of classical music theater, and an American opera. Opera North productions are staged at the Lebanon Opera House. Opera North is a member of Opera America.

Opera America
Opera America (stylized as OPERA America) is a New York–based service organization promoting the creation, presentation, and enjoyment of opera in the United States. Almost all professional opera companies and some semi-professional companies in the United States are members of the organization including such opera companies as the Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Washington National Opera, and Dallas Opera. Opera America also includes opera companies from Canada.

The organization was founded in 1970 and has been led by President and CEO Marc A. Scorca since 1990.

In April 2014, advisers from Opera America worked with San Diego Opera to develop a plan to prevent that company's closure.

In January 2026 Michael J. Bobbitt became CEO and president of Opera America.
History of wrestling
Wrestling and grappling sports have a long and complicated history, stretching into prehistoric times. 
Many traditional forms survive, grouped under the term folk wrestling. 
More formal systems have been codified in various forms of martial arts worldwide, where grappling techniques form a significant subset of unarmed fighting (complemented by striking techniques).

The modern history of wrestling begins with a rise of popularity in the 19th century, which led to the development of the modern sports of Greco-Roman wrestling on the European continent and of freestyle wrestling and collegiate wrestling in Great Britain and the United States, respectively. 
These sports enjoyed enormous popularity at the turning of the 20th century. In the 1920s, professional wrestling once a competitive sport became a spectacle after promoters took control of the industry divorcing it from competitive sport wrestling, now known as amateur wrestling.

Punch (combat)
A punch is a striking blow with the fist. It is used in most martial arts and combat sports, most notably western boxing, where it is the only type of offensive technique allowed. In sports, hand wraps or other padding such as gloves may be used to protect athletes and practitioners from injuring themselves.

The use of punches varies between different martial arts and combat sports. Styles such as western boxing, Suntukan or Russian fist fighting use punches alone, while others such as kickboxing, Muay Thai, Lethwei or karate may use both punches and kicks. Others such as wrestling (excluding professional wrestling) and judo (punches and other striking techniques, atemi, are present in judo kata, but are forbidden in competitions) do not use punches at all. There are many types of punches and as a result, different styles encompass varying types of punching techniques.
Jack Hylton
Jack Hylton (born John Greenhalgh Hilton; 2 July 1892 – 29 January 1965) was an English pianist, composer, band leader and impresario.

Hylton rose to prominence during the British dance band era, being referred as the "British King of Jazz" and "The Ambassador of British Dance Music" by the musical press, not only because of his popularity which extended throughout the world, but also for his use of unusually large ensembles for the time and his polished arrangements. He mostly retired from the music industry after 1940, becoming a successful theatrical businessman until his death.

Impresario
An impresario (from Italian impresa 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.
Otmoor SSSI
Otmoor SSSI is a 213-hectare (530-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Oxford in Oxfordshire. It is adjacent to RSPB Otmoor, and they are both part of Otmoor, an area of wetland and wet grassland which was enclosed in the early nineteenth century.

This site in the floodplain of the River Ray has herb-rich damp grassland, wet sedge, coarse grassland, woodland, pools and ditches. More than sixty species of bird breed on the site, such as curlew and lapwing, while wintering birds include teal, wigeon, snipe, golden plover and short-eared owl.

Much of the site is owned by the Ministry of Defence as a  firing range and is closed to the public.

Eurasian wigeon
The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (Mareca penelope), also known as the widgeon or wigeon, is one of three extant species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus Mareca. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range.
2023 ITF World Tennis Tour Gran Canaria
The 2023 ITF World Tennis Tour Gran Canaria was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Maspalomas, Spain, between 7 and 13 August 2023.

ITF World Tennis Tour Gran Canaria
The ITF World Tennis Tour Gran Canaria and the ITF World Tennis Tour Maspalomas are two back-to-back tournaments for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The events are both classified as $60,000 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments and have been held in Maspalomas, Spain, since 2021. In 2023, only one event was held and upgraded to $100,000.
Avetria Networks
Avetria Networks Inc. is a wholly owned private Canadian corporation. As a regional telecommunications company in the province of Ontario, Avetria provides telecommunications products and services including wireless and fiber internet access, voice, and IPTV television. The company is based in Southwestern Ontario, Maryhill, Ontario;  it was originally based in Bloomingdale, Ontario.  The company was first formed as a fixed wireless internet provider to provide internet to the communities of Woolwich, Maryhill, Ariss, West Montrose, Winterbourne, Conestogo and North Waterloo. Avetria Networks competes in the fiber to the home sector with Rogers Communications and Bell Canada.

Conestogo, Ontario
Conestogo (pronounced [ˌkʰɒ̽.nə.ˈs͡t̠ˠəʊ̯.ɡə]) is a community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the township of Woolwich in Waterloo Region. The population in 2016 was 1,270.

The community is located at the junction of the Grand and Conestogo Rivers. Conestogo is a terminus of the Avon Trail.
Volume 1 (Billy Bragg album)
Volume 1 is a box set by alternative folk singer-songwriter Billy Bragg, released in 2006.  The box set includes 7 CDs and 2 DVDs with a booklet containing song lyrics and an introduction by Wiggy, producer of several of Bragg's albums.

Though Workers Playtime was released in 1988, it has been made part of Volume 2 while The Internationale, which was published in 1990, is the fourth album reprised here. Thus, the two sets are not fully chronological.

Leon Rosselson
Leon Rosselson (born 22 June 1934, Harrow, Middlesex, England) is an English songwriter and writer of children's books. After his early involvement in the folk music revival in Britain, he came to prominence, singing his own satirical songs, in the BBC's topical TV programme of the early 1960s, That Was The Week That Was. He toured Britain and abroad, singing mainly his own songs and accompanying himself with acoustic guitar.

In later years, he has published 17 children's books, the first of which, Rosa's Singing Grandfather, was shortlisted in 1991 for the Carnegie Medal.

He continues to write and perform his own songs, and to collaborate with other musicians and performers. Most of his material includes some sort of satirical content or elements of radical politics.
Trial and Error (Woodford book)
Trial and Error: a dithyramb on the subject of Writing and Selling is Jack Woodford's book on writing and the publishing industry. The book focuses on writing and editing and describes the behind-the-scenes machinations that result in the final publication of writing.

The book was instrumental in the writing careers of Ray Bradbury, Robert A. Heinlein, Jerry Pournelle, Piers Anthony, and Richard A. Lupoff. The Notebooks of Raymond Chandler contain a paraphrased excerpt from Trial and Error that Chandler wrote from memory, entitled "Jack Woodford's Rules for Writing a Novel."

The introduction was written by the founder of Esquire magazine Arnold Gingrich.

Richard A. Lupoff
Richard Allen Lupoff (February 21, 1935 – October 22, 2020) was an American science-fiction and mystery author, who also wrote humor, satire, nonfiction and reviews. In addition to his two dozen novels and more than 40 short stories, he also edited science-fantasy anthologies. He was an expert on the writing of Edgar Rice Burroughs, and had an equally strong interest in H. P. Lovecraft. He also co-edited the non-fiction anthology All in Color For a Dime (with Don Thompson), which has been described as "the very first published volume dedicated to comic book criticism"; as well as its sequel, The Comic-Book Book.
Sol Plaatje Museum
The Sol Plaatje Museum and Library is in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa, in a house where Solomon T. Plaatje lived during his last years at 32 Angel Street, Malay Camp. It was here that Plaatje wrote Mhudi.

The Sol Plaatje Educational Trust was set up in 1991 to serve as a custodian for this and other legacy projects. In 1992, 32 Angel Street was declared a National Monument (Provincial Heritage Site under 1999 legislation. Plaatje's grave in West End Cemetery, Kimberley, is also a declared provincial heritage site.

Mhudi
Mhudi: An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago is a South African novel by Sol Plaatje, first published in 1930. The novel has been republished many times, including in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series.

The novel is a political historical novel which explores the development of the Traansval kingdom, led by Matabeleland. The novel was originally finished in 1920, but Plaatje was unable to get the novel published. The novel re-envisions the standard Eurocentric narrative of history, which supported Apartheid and its racist infrastructure.

Plaatje described the novel as a romance, comparing it to the Zulu novels of H. Rider Haggard.
Raghunandan Yandamuri
Raghunandan Yandamuri (born February 21, 1986) is an Indian murderer, and kidnapper, who is currently awaiting execution on death row in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at SCI Somerset, as of 2024. On November 20, 2014, he was sentenced to death for the October 22, 2012, murder of 61-year-old Satyavathi Venna and the kidnapping-murder of her 10-month-old granddaughter, Saanvi Venna, at an Upper Merion Township apartment in Montgomery County. He was previously scheduled for execution by lethal injection on February 23, 2018, at age 32, but it was halted due to the 2015 moratorium of the death penalty in Pennsylvania.

Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom.

When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French rançon from Latin redemptio, 'buying back'; compare "redemption".
Kenton Vale, Kentucky
Kenton Vale is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 105 at the 2020 census.

Kenton Vale consists of only one subdivision and a cemetery branching off Madison Pike (Kentucky Route 17). The subdivision was named for the county, which in turn was named for explorer and pioneer Simon Kenton. There is only one way in and out of the city: through the intersection of Kuhrs Lane and Madison Pike. Incorporated by the state legislature in 1949, the city was primarily created to keep Covington from annexing homes in the area.

Kentucky General Assembly
The Kentucky General Assembly, also called the Kentucky Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It comprises the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives.

The General Assembly meets annually in the state capitol building in Frankfort, convening on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. In even-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 60 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond April 15. In odd-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 30 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond March 30. Special sessions may be called by the Governor of Kentucky at any time and for any duration.
Catholic Church and ecumenism
The Catholic Church has engaged in the modern ecumenical movement especially since the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) and the issuing of the decree Unitatis redintegratio and the declaration Dignitatis humanae. It was at the Council that the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity was created. Those outside of the Catholic Church were categorised as heretics (in reference to Protestantism) or schismatics (as in the case of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Churches), but in many contexts today, to avoid offence, the euphemism "separated brethren" is used.

Dignitatis humanae
Dignitatis humanae (Of the Dignity of the Human Person) is the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Religious Freedom. In the context of the council's stated intention "to develop the doctrine of recent popes on the inviolable rights of the human person and the constitutional order of society", Dignitatis humanae spells out the church's support for the protection of religious liberty. It set the ground rules by which the church would relate to secular states.

The passage of this measure by a vote of 2,308 to 70 is considered by many to be one of the most significant events of the council. This declaration was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on December 7, 1965.

Dignitatis humanae became a point of dispute between the Vatican and traditionalist Catholics who argued that the council document was incompatible with previous authoritatively stated Catholic teaching.