hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theresa Glomb
Theresa M. Glomb is an American academic. She is the Toro Company-David M. Lilly Chair in Human Resources Department of Work and Organizations at the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management.

Carlson School of Management
The Curtis L. Carlson School of Management is the business school of the University of Minnesota, a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota Carlson offers undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as an executive education program. It also offers dual degrees with the colleges and schools of public affairs, law, medicine, and public health.
Rhonda Cornum
Rhonda L. Cornum (born October 31, 1954) is a retired United States Army officer and the Director of Health Strategy for TechWerks. She is a surgeon, board-certified in urology, having earned a doctorate in biochemistry and nutrition from Cornell University. Cornum worked at Letterman Army Institute of Research at the Presidio of San Francisco and entered the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, in 1982. She retired in 2012 as a brigadier general, the Director of Comprehensive Soldier Fitness in the Army Staff G-3/5/7 division.

She commanded the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, was president of her class at the National War College, and then became the command surgeon for United States Army Forces Command. As a brigadier general, she was United States Army Assistant Surgeon General for Force Protection before working in the joint soldier fitness program. Cornum retired on January 31, 2012.

United States Army Forces Command
The United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) was the largest command of the United States Army. It provided land forces to the Department of Defense's unified combatant commands. FORSCOM was headquartered at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and consisted of more than 750,000 active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard soldiers. It was created on 1 July 1973 from the former Continental Army Command (CONARC), which in turn supplanted Army Field Forces and Army Ground Forces.

FORSCOM was disestablished on 5 December 2025, the same time as the Army standing up U.S. Army Western Hemisphere Command (USAWHC).
Shin Gye-am
Sin Gye-am (fl. 1620s–1630s) was a Jurchen and Manchu interpreter during the middle period of Korea's Joseon dynasty. He belonged to the Pyeongsan Sin bongwan. Beginning in 1629, he went to Shenyang, then the Qing dynasty capital, to study the Manchu language and its new script. By 1637, he had translated five works from the old Jurchen script into the new Manchu script, and would go on to translate more. Among the works he translated were Geohwa (巨化), Gunan (仇難), Palsea (八歲兒), Soaron (小兒論), and Sangseo (尙書). He was also involved in the compilation of textbooks used for teaching Manchu to Koreans, and served as an interpreter for Korean prisoners of war captured by Qing forces during the second Manchu invasion of Korea.

Pyongsan Shin clan
The Pyongsan Shin clan (Korean: 평산 신씨) is a clan of the Shin family, originating from Korea. The founding member of the clan participated in the foundation of the Goryeo dynasty and gained its power during this time. The founder was bestowed this last name from King Taejo of Goryeo for his services. He did not have a last name prior to that. However, it became less prominent during the following Joseon dynasty.

Not all Koreans with the family name Shin belong to the Pyongsan Shin clan; only about 600,000 (about 70%) hail from this clan. Others belong to other unrelated clans, such as the Goryeong Shin clan, who produced 19th and 20th century notables as Shin Chae-ho.
Sharpness aware minimization
Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization algorithm used in machine learning that aims to improve model generalization. The method seeks to find model parameters that are located in regions of the loss landscape with uniformly low loss values, rather than parameters that only achieve a minimal loss value at a single point. This approach is described as finding "flat" minima instead of "sharp" ones. The rationale is that models trained this way are less sensitive to variations between training and test data, which can lead to better performance on unseen data.

The algorithm was introduced in a 2020 paper by a team of researchers including Pierre Foret, Ariel Kleiner, Hossein Mobahi, and Behnam Neyshabur.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Aska Assembly constituency
Aska (Sl. No.: 128) is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Ganjam district, Odisha.

This constituency includes Aska, Aska block and 12 GPs (Subalaya, Kaniari, Barida, Paikajamuna, Sunapalli, Sialia, Nandiagada, Borasingi, Ambapua, Baliasara, Bolasara and Sunarijhola) of Kabisuryanagar block.

Ganjam district
Ganjam district is a district in the Indian state of Odisha. Ganjam's total area is 8,206 km² (3,168 mi²).
The district headquarters is Chhatrapur. Ganjam is divided into three sub-divisions: Chhatrapur, Berhampur, and Bhanjanagar.
As of 2011, It is the most populous district of Odisha (out of 30).
Tennis at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Women's singles
The women's singles tennis event at the 2019 Summer Universiade was held from 5 to 13 July at the Circolo Tennis and Lungomare in Naples, Italy.

Japan's Naho Sato won the gold medal, defeating Great Britain's Emily Arbuthnott in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Hong Kong's Eudice Chong and Thailand's Chompoothip Jundakate won the bronze medals.

Naho Sato
Naho Sato (born 23 January 2001) is a Japanese tennis player.

Sato has been ranked as high as world No. 319 in singles and 195 in doubles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). On the ITF Junior Circuit, Sato's career-high ranking is world No. 7 (March 2018).
Howgego
Howgego is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Howgego (born 1988), English cricketer

Christopher Howgego, British numismatist and academic

James Howgego (born 1948), English cricketer

James Howgego
James Alan Howgego (born 3 August 1948), known as Jim Howgego, was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club during the 1977 season. He was born in Folkestone in Kent in 1948.

Howgego played for Folkestone Cricket Club in the Kent Cricket League and Kent's Second XI occasionally between 1975 and 1979, making ten appearances in the Second XI Championship. His only first-class appearance came against Cambridge University in June 1977 at Canterbury. He toured the West Indies with the Club Cricket Conference in 1977 and was capped by the team and appeared occasionally for teams such as MCC in non-first-class matches. Howgego was the Kent League's player of the year in 1987 and when the league was restructured in 1990 Howgego was left as the leading all-time run scorer in First XI cricket in the league's history.

His cousin, Graham Barlow, won three Test caps for England.
Vsevolod Ivanovich Roborovsky
Vsevolod Ivanovich Roborovsky (26 April 1856 – 23 July 1910) was a Russian army officer, explorer, artist, and natural history collector in central Asia. Many species were described on the basis of the specimens he collected and several are named after him, including Phodopus roborowskii, Carpodacus roborowskii, Adiantum roborowskii, and Cacalia roborowskii.

Tibetan rosefinch
The Tibetan rosefinch (Carpodacus roborowskii), also known as Roborovski's rosefinch, is a species of rosefinch in the finch family Fringillidae. It is sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Kozlowia. 
It is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. Its natural habitat is montane tundra.
Baudette River
The Baudette River is a short tributary of the Rainy River in northern Minnesota in the United States.  Via the Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, the Winnipeg River, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River, it is part of the Hudson Bay watershed.  It drains a flat region which was a prehistoric lake bed of glacial Lake Agassiz.

The river flows for its entire length in eastern Lake of the Woods County.  It flows generally north-northeastwardly and joins the Rainy River at the town of Baudette, opposite the town of Rainy River, Ontario.

Rainy River, Ontario
Rainy River is a town in north-western Ontario, Canada, southeast of Lake of the Woods. Rainy River is situated on the eponymous Rainy River, which forms part of the Ontario–Minnesota segment of the Canada–US border. Across the river is the town of Baudette, Minnesota. The two towns are connected by the Baudette – Rainy River International Bridge. Rainy River is at the northwestern terminus of Highway 11.

Rainy River was frequently thought to have been the northwestern terminus of Yonge Street (which runs north from Toronto) due to it being incorrectly thought as being synonymous with the entire length of Highway 11. Because of this incorrect conflation, Yonge Street was considered the longest street in the world and was listed as such in the Guinness Book of World Records until 1999. Highway 11 is named Atwood Avenue through Rainy River, although the town and the City of Toronto both maintain commemorative markers at each end.
Queensland Symphony Orchestra
Queensland Symphony Orchestra (QSO) is an Australian symphony orchestra in the state of Queensland. The orchestra is based in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's building in South Bank. The orchestra is funded by private corporations, the state government and the Australian federal government through the Australia Council.

South Bank, Queensland
South Bank is a cultural, social, educational and recreational precinct in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The precinct is located in the suburb of South Brisbane, on the southern bank of the Brisbane River.
Pacific Rim (video game)
Pacific Rim was a 2013 fighting game developed by Yuke's and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation 3 via PlayStation Network based on the 2013 film of the same name. The game was delisted from both digital stores and platforms in 2016.

Warner Bros. Games
Warner Bros. Games (formerly Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment) is an American video game publisher based in Burbank, California. The publisher was founded as a division of Warner Bros. on January 14, 2004, as well as the WB Games brand. Warner Bros. Games manages the wholly owned game development studios TT Games, Rocksteady Studios, NetherRealm Studios, WB Games Boston, Avalanche Software and WB Games Montréal among others.
Sean Crighton
Sean Crighton (born 26 March 1990) is a Scottish former footballer and coach who is currently the head coach of Queen's Park. Crighton began his career with St Mirren, and has also played for Montrose, Elgin City, Greenock Morton, Airdrieonians, Livingston, Brechin City,Stenhousemuir and Dumbarton. During his playing time at Stenhousemuir, Crighton performed the role of caretaker manager.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Zhong Zhihua
Zhong Zhihua (simplified Chinese: 钟志华; traditional Chinese: 鐘志華; pinyin: Zhōng Zhìhuá; born July 1962) is a Chinese engineer and educator. He served as president of Hunan University from 2005 to 2011, and president of Tongji University from 2016 to 2018. He is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Zhong was a member of the 9th National People's Congress and 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

9th National People's Congress
The 9th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1998 to 2003 across five plenary sessions. It followed the final session of the 8th National People's Congress. There were 2,979 deputies to this Congress.
People's Commissariat for Military Affairs (Soviet Russia)
People's Commissariat for Military Affairs (Russian: Народный комиссариат по военным делам РСФСР, Narodny komissariat po voyennym delam RSFSR) was the very first military government agency (ministry of defense) of Soviet Russia, initially named as the Committee on War and Navy Affairs. The People's Commissariat was created on November 8, 1917 (day after the October Revolution) on the decree of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets "On creation of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government" which was the name of the Russian Sovnarkom.

The Kornilov Affair sanctioned by Alexander Kerensky which resulted in detention of the Russian Supreme Commander-in-Chief Lavr Kornilov and the Bolshevisation of Soviets also played a major role in establishing of the Soviet military presence. The council gradually overtook the authority of the Ministry of War of the Russian Republic completely changing the defense policy of Russia.

Pavel Dybenko
Pavel Efimovich Dybenko (Russian: Павел Ефимович Дыбенко; Ukrainian: Павло Юхимович Дибенко, romanized: Pavlo Yukhymovych Dybenko; 16 February 1889 – 29 July 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a leading Soviet officer and military commander. He was arrested, tortured and executed during the Great Purge and subsequently rehabilitated during the Khrushchev Thaw.
Edwards River (Illinois)
The Edwards River is a 73.7-mile-long (118.6 km) tributary of the Mississippi River in northwestern Illinois in the United States.  It rises 3 miles (5 km) west of Kewanee in southeastern Henry County and flows generally westwardly into Mercer County, where it joins the Mississippi 2 miles (3 km) southeast of New Boston.  In Henry County it collects the South Edwards River, which flows past Bishop Hill.

The river was once home to a grain mill near Andover, Illinois. Several sections of the Edwards River's course have been straightened and channelized.

Henry County, Illinois
Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. The 2020 United States census, listed its population at 49,284. Its county seat is Cambridge. Henry County is included in the Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Flash Comics
Flash Comics is a comics anthology published by All-American Publications and later by National Periodical Publications (DC Comics). The title had 104 issues published from January 1940 to February 1949. Despite the title, the anthology featured the adventures of multiple superheroes in addition to Jay Garrick, the original Flash. Characters introduced in the series include the Flash, Hawkman (Carter Hall), Hawkgirl and Black Canary.

National Comics Publications
National Comics Publications (NCP; later known as National Periodical Publications Inc. or simply National) was an American comic book publishing company. It was the direct predecessor of modern-day DC Comics.
North Vassalboro, Maine
North Vassalboro is an unincorporated village in the town of Vassalboro, Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The community is located on Maine State Route 32, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Waterville. North Vassalboro has a post office, with ZIP code 04962, which opened on March 22, 1828.

Maine State Route 32
State Route 32 (abbreviated SR 32) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in the southern coastal part of the state.  It runs 58.39 miles (93.97 km) from an intersection with SR 130 in Bristol north to Windsor where it ends at U.S. Route 202 (US 202), SR 100, and SR 137 Business.
Mustikkamaa
Mustikkamaa (Finnish: [ˈmustikːɑˌmɑː]; Swedish: Blåbärslandet; literally translates to "blueberry land") is an island in the Gulf of Finland, some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east of the city centre of Helsinki, and c. 36 hectares (89 acres) in size.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
Hoymille
Hoymille (French pronunciation: [wamil]; from Flemish; Hooimille in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It is situated adjacent to the east of Bergues. The village hosts an annual carnival at the end February.  The local church is St Gérard's.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Huda Sajjad Mahmoud Shaker
Huda Sajjad Mahmoud Shaker (Arabic: هدى سجاد محمود شاكر) (born 5 November 1978,               العمر : ٤٣ سنة ), عدد الاولاد:٣ is an Iraqi politician from Najaf Governorate. She holds a bachelor's degree in chemistry. She served as a member of the Council of Representatives for the governorate of Qadisiyah in its second session (2010-2014) and the third session (2014-2018) for the State of Law Coalition inside Islamic Dawa Party. On 2016 was accused of extorting public officials to obtain money.

Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
Al-Qadisiyah Governorate (Arabic: القادسية, al-Qādisiyah), also known as the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate (Arabic: ٱلدِّيوَانِيَّة, ad-Dīwānīyah), is one of the governorates of Iraq.  It is in the southern part of the center of the country. The estimated population of the province is about a million and a half million people, according to the census of 2014. Its capital is Al Diwaniyah. Before 1976, it was part of the ad-Diwāniyah Governorate, along with al-Muthannā and Najaf. The province is named after the historical city of Al-Qadisiyah, the site of the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, where in 636 CE the Islamic Rashidun forces defeated the forces of the Sassanid Empire. The governorate is predominantly Shia Arab. It includes the Mesopotamian Marshes of Hor Aldelmj.
Staw, Kalisz County
Staw [staf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczytniki, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Sieradz County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Greater Poland Province (Polish: Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland.

The Greater Poland Province consisted initially of twelve voivodeships (after 1768 thirteen voivodeships) and one duchy:

Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship

Chełmno Voivodeship

Gniezno Voivodeship, est. in 1768

Inowrocław Voivodeship

Kalisz Voivodeship

Łęczyca Voivodeship

Malbork Voivodeship

Masovian Voivodeship

Płock Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship

Poznań Voivodeship

Rawa Voivodeship

Sieradz Voivodeship

Prince-Bishopric of Warmia

The location of the Crown Tribunal for the Greater Poland Province (the highest appeal court of the province) was Piotrków Trybunalski, and after the Convocation Sejm (1764) also Poznań and Bydgoszcz.
Templet (Svalbard)
Templet is a mountain north of Sassenfjorden, at the south side of Bünsow Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Its height is 766 metre. The name Templet stems from its resemblance to a ruined Gothic cathedral, consisting of eroded horizontal layers of shales, silicates and limestones.

The mountain lies within the Sassen – Bünsow Land National Park, and is regarded as a tourist attraction.

Sassen–Bünsow Land National Park
Sassen–Bünsow Land National Park (Norwegian: Sassen–Bünsow Land nasjonalpark) lies on Spitsbergen island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway. The park was opened in 2003 and includes both glaciers and several glacially carved valleys.  The sealer/whaler Hilmar Nøis built the hunting station Fredheim on the north side of the Sassen river outlet in this area.  One of Spitsbergen's highest waterfalls lies in Eskerdalen (Esker Valley) inside the park.
Community Action Programme
The Community Action Programme (CAP) also known as Support for the very long-term unemployed is a workfare programme in the United Kingdom whereby long-term unemployed people who have been unemployed for over three years must work for their benefits for six months or have them removed. It was piloted in six areas and then expanded in autumn 2012.

Workfare
Workfare is a governmental plan under which welfare recipients are required to accept public-service jobs or to participate in job training. Many countries around the world have adopted workfare (sometimes implemented as "work-first" policies) to reduce poverty among able-bodied adults; however, their approaches to execution vary. The United States and United Kingdom are two countries utilizing workfare, albeit with different backgrounds.