hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rose Leke
Rose Gana Fomban Leke is a Cameroonian malariologist and Emeritus Professor of Immunology and Parasitology at the University of Yaounde I. She was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science in 2024.

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
White box (software engineering)
A white box (or glass box, clear box, or open box) is a subsystem whose internals can be viewed but usually not altered.  The term is used in systems engineering, software engineering, and in intelligent user interface design, where it is closely related to recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence.

Having access to the subsystem internals in general makes the subsystem easier to understand, but also easier to hack; for example, if a programmer can examine source code, weaknesses in an algorithm are much easier to discover. That makes white-box testing much more effective than black-box testing but considerably more difficult from the sophistication needed on the part of the tester to understand the subsystem.

The notion of a "Black Box in a Glass Box" was originally used as a metaphor for teaching complex topics to computing novices.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
AEG B.II
The AEG B.II was a two-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft produced in small numbers from 1914. It was a slightly smaller version of the B.I and proved more successful. They were used in limited numbers throughout 1914 to 1915, but were quickly replaced, as they were often derided for lack of speed and armament.

Reconnaissance aircraft
A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a  military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.

Before the development of devices such as radar, military forces relied on reconnaissance aircraft for visual observation and scouting of enemy movement.  An example is the PBY Catalina maritime patrol flying boat used by the Allies in World War II:  a flight of U.S. Navy Catalinas spotted part of the Japanese fleet approaching Midway Island, beginning the Battle of Midway.
Leonardo Natale
Leonardo Natale (born 25 October 1958) is an Italian former road cyclist, who competed as a professional from 1978 to 1985.

He won the Cima Coppi title in the 1979 Giro d'Italia through being the first rider over the Pordoi Pass on stage 17.

Pordoi Pass
Pordoi is a pass in the Dolomites in the Alps, located between the Sella group in the north and the Marmolada group in the south. The pass is at an altitude of 2,239 m (7,346 ft), and the road crossing the pass connects Arabba (Livinallongo del Col di Lana) with Canazei (Fassa Valley). It is the second highest surfaced road traversing a pass in the Dolomites, after the Sella Pass.

Starting from Arabba, the ascent to the top is 9.4 km (5.84 mi) long. Over this distance, the elevation gain is 637 m (2,090 ft), with the average percentage of 6.8%.
Clarence Mini
Clarence Mazwangwandile Mini (6 November 1951 – 12 May 2020) was a South African doctor, anti-apartheid activist, freedom fighter, human rights activist. Mini was regarded as a pioneer of the medical industry in South Africa, especially for his crucial contributions in eliminating the HIV/AIDS from the country. He also actively advocated against apartheid during his career and also voiced against corruption which mounted during the presidency of Jacob Zuma. He served on the Board of Healthcare Funders, at times as its chair. He died on 12 May 2020 due to COVID-19 complications at the age of 68 while serving as the chairperson of the Council of Medical Schemes. His term as chairperson of CMS was due to end by September 2020.

Health in South Africa
Health in South Africa touches on various aspects of health including the infectious diseases (such as HIV/AIDS), Nutrition, Mental Health and Maternal care.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that South Africa is fulfilling 73.4% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, South Africa achieves 89.1% of what is expected based on its current income.

In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 63.8% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. South Africa falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 67.2% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.
Nishinumata ruins
The Nishinumata ruins (西沼田遺跡, Nishinumata iseki) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a late Kofun period (6th century AD) settlement located in what is now part of the city of Tendō, Yamagata in the Tōhoku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1987.

Tōhoku region
The Tōhoku region (東北地方, Tōhoku-chihō; IPA: [toːhokɯ̥ tɕiꜜhoː]), Northeast region, Ōu region (奥羽地方, Ōu-chihō), or Northeast Japan (東北日本, Tōhoku Nihon) consists of the northeastern portion of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. This traditional region consists of six prefectures (ken): Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata.

Tōhoku retains a reputation as a remote, scenic region with a harsh climate. In the 20th century, tourism became a major industry in the Tōhoku region.
Tom Walsh (Thomastown hurler)
Tom Walsh (born 1944 in Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland) is an Irish former sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Thomastown and was a member of the Kilkenny senior inter-county team from 1963 until 1967.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Charter Company
The Charter Company of Jacksonville, Florida was a conglomerate with more than 180 subsidiaries that was in the Fortune 500 for 11 years beginning in 1974 and ranked 61st in 1984. The company filed for bankruptcy protection in late 1984, eventually selling off all of its businesses and purchasing Spelling Entertainment Inc. to form Spelling Entertainment Group Inc in 1992.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
James Shavick
James Shavick (born 1950) is a Canadian film and television producer, currently the CEO of Shavick Entertainment.

His films include Two of Hearts and Two Solitudes, while his television series have included The New Addams Family and Breaker High.

The New Addams Family
The New Addams Family is a Gothic sitcom that aired from October 1998 to August 1999 on YTV in Canada, Fox Family in the United States, and CITV in the United Kingdom on weekends. It was produced by Shavick Entertainment and Saban Entertainment as a revival of the 1960s series The Addams Family. The series was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Seohae Line
The Seohae Line (Korean: 서해선; lit. 'West Sea Line') is a dual-track, electrified rail line in western Gyeonggi-do and Seoul, South Korea. The Seohae Line is being built in four sections simultaneously. The line runs 47 km (29 mi) south from Ilsan in Goyang City, crosses the Han River, passes Gimpo Airport, Sosa, Siheung, and ends in Wonsi in Ansan. There is a transfer to different lines at Daegok, Neunggok, Gimpo Int'l Airport, Bucheon Stadium, Sosa and Choji. There are currently 21 stations (Ilsan-Wonsi). The line is operated by Korail, but the stations between Sosa and Wonsi are managed by SEO HAE RAIL CO., LTD., a subsidiary of Seoul Metro. Since the infrastructure is also owned by Korail, the line runs on the left like the rest of the South Korean mainline railway network.

Seoul Metro
Seoul Transportation Corporation, branded as  Seoul Metro (Korean: 서울교통공사), is a municipal-owned corporation owned by Seoul Metropolitan Government, and one of the two major operators of Seoul Metropolitan Subway with Korail.
SkyUp Airlines
SkyUp Airlines LLC is a Ukrainian charter and low-cost airline headquartered in Kyiv, which began its operation in May 2018. During 2021, the airline carried 2,546,899 passengers, performed 15,962 flights, and transported 786.5 tons of cargo. It had 1172 employees as of 2021. Since the Russo-Ukrainian War the airline has specialized in leasing and also offers scheduled flights from Chișinău and Poland.

Its subsidiary SkyUp MT is based in Malta and has the IATA Code U5. This airline received its air operator license in May 2023 and has performed ACMI operations since summer 2023.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Modern Greek phonology
This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties of Modern Greek, and for Cypriot, specifically, see Cypriot Greek § Phonology.

Voiced alveolar approximant
A voiced alveolar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to most English-speakers as the "r" sound in "rose" (though typically § postalveolar). The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents it is ⟨ɹ⟩, the lowercase Latin letter r rotated 180 degrees.
Downtown (Peaches song)
"Downtown" is the first single from Peaches' third album Impeach My Bush. "Downtown" was the "Single of the Week" on XFM and chosen by NME as their choice single.  The single is also Peaches' third to chart on the UK Singles Chart.

Radio X (United Kingdom)
Radio X is a British national commercial radio station focused on alternative music, primarily indie rock, and owned by Global. The station launched in 1989 as a pirate radio station named Q102, before being renamed Xfm in 1992. The station became a legally licensed London-wide station in 1997, and in 2015 began national broadcasting under the name Radio X.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, Radio X has reached 2.5 millions listeners. The Chris Moyles Show has received 1.1 million listeners, beating Virgin Radio's Chris Evans morning show.
2008–09 Scottish Third Division
The 2008–09 Scottish Football League Third Division (also known as the 2008–09 Irn-Bru Scottish Football League Third Division for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th season in the format of ten teams in the fourth-tier of Scottish football. The season started on 2 August 2008 and ended on 9 May 2009. Dumbarton F.C. finished top and were promoted alongside Stenhousemuir F.C. as play-off winners.
Cowdenbeath F.C. were also promoted due to Livingston being demoted to the Third Division.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Texas's 111th House of Representatives district
The 111th district of the Texas House of Representatives consists of southwestern portions of the city of Dallas, all of the city of Duncanville, and part of DeSoto. The current representative is Yvonne Davis, who has represented the district since 2003.

DeSoto, Texas
DeSoto is a city in Dallas County, Texas,  United States. DeSoto is a suburb of Dallas and is part of the Best Southwest area, which includes DeSoto, Cedar Hill, Duncanville, and Lancaster. As of the 2020 census, DeSoto had a population of 56,145.
ENU
ENU, also known as N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (chemical formula C3H7N3O2), is a highly potent mutagen. For a given gene in mice, ENU can induce 1 new mutation in every 700 loci. It is also toxic at high doses.

The chemical is an alkylating agent, and acts by transferring the ethyl group of ENU to nucleobases (usually thymine) in nucleic acids. Its main targets are the spermatogonial stem cells, from which mature sperm are derived.

Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation.  Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.  Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
Ferenc Sbüll
Ferenc Sbüll (Slovene: Fran Šbül or Žbul) (around July 26, 1825  – August 12, 1864) was a Hungarian Slovene poet and Catholic priest in Hungary. He was born in Turnišče, a village in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia, then part of the Zala County of the Kingdom of Hungary. He studied in Kőszeg, Szombathely and Vienna. He wrote both secular and religious poetry in his native Prekmurje Slovene. He died in Dolenci.

Szombathely
Szombathely (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛj]; German: Steinamanger [ˌʃtaɪnaˈmaŋɐ] ⓘ; also see names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas County in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gyöngyös (literally "pearly"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, Szombathely is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.
Border Patrol Academy
The CBP Border Patrol Academy is a training academy for future agents of the United States Border Patrol. It is located in Artesia, New Mexico.

Located at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center FLETC Artesia formerly site of the College of Artesia. FLETC Artesia officially opened on October 1, 1989. It consist of a 3,620-acre site with a full range of training facilities, dormitories, classrooms, and one emergency driver training range. Is a six-month training program includes driving, concealed carry, immigration law, and Spanish language. Since 2004, all initial entry training for the Border Patrol was finally unified at the Artesia facility.

Artesia, New Mexico
Artesia is a city in Eddy County, New Mexico, centered at the intersection of U.S. routes 82 and 285; the two highways serve as the city's Main Street and First Street, respectively. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,875.
Arlesheimer See
Arlesheimer See is an artificial lake within the boundaries of Freiburg im Breisgau district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. At an elevation of 212 m, its surface area is 0.060 km². It was first excavated in 1966. The lake, as well as 12 ha of forest surrounding it, is designated as a nature reserve, so the lake is not open for swimming. Due to the high number of found there, detected there, the lake is recognized as a European bird sanctuary under the Birds Directive.

Birds Directive
The Birds Directive (formally known as Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds) is the oldest piece of EU legislation on the environment and one of its cornerstones which was  unanimously adopted in April 1979 as the Directive 79/409/EEC. Amended in 2009, it became the Directive 2009/147/EC. It aims to protect all European wild birds and the habitats of listed species, in particular through the designation of Special Protection Areas (often known by the acronym SPA).

The Birds Directive is one of the EU's two directives in relation to wildlife and nature conservation, the other being the Habitats Directive. The Habitats Directive led to the setting up of a network of Special Areas of Conservation, which together with the existing Special Protection Areas form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000. In the UK the Directive is implemented by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
Languages of Belgium
As a result of being in between Latin and Germanic Europe, and historically being split between different principalities, the Kingdom of Belgium has three official languages: Dutch,  French, and German. A number of non-official, minority languages and dialects are spoken as well.

French Community of Belgium
In Belgium, the French Community (French: Communauté française (de Belgique), pronounced [kɔmynote fʁɑ̃sɛːz də bɛlʒik], CFB) refers to one of the three constituent constitutional linguistic communities. Since 2011, the French minority has used the name Wallonia-Brussels Federation (French: Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ walɔni bʁysɛl], FWB), which is controversial because its name in the Belgian Constitution has not changed and because it is seen as a political statement. The name "French Community" refers to the French language and not to France. As such, the French minority of Belgium is sometimes rendered in English as "the French-speaking Community of Belgium" for clarity, in analogy to the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Community has its own parliament, government, and administration. It and its predecessor entity have used the flag of Wallonia since 1975.
Pleurotus fuscosquamulosus
Pleurotus fuscosquamulosus is a species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. Found in South Africa, it was described as new to science by mycologists Derek Reid and Albert Eicker in 1998. The anamorphic form of the fungus is known as Antromycopsis fuscosquamulosus.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Blue Line (Jerusalem Light Rail)
The Blue Line is the third line of the Jerusalem Light Rail. While initial preparatory infrastructure work began in 2020, major construction on the central sections began in 2025.

The line, which will operate from Gilo through a tunnel running 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) through King George Street in the center of Jerusalem and on to Ramot, is expected to be completed in stages, with initial service in 2028 and full operations projected for 2030 that would include branches labeled Azure and Purple.

Ramot, East Jerusalem
Ramot (Hebrew: רָמוֹת, lit. 'Heights'), also known as Ramot Alon (Hebrew: רמות אלון), is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in East Jerusalem. Ramot was founded in 1974 as one of Jerusalem's so-called "Ring settlements", considered illegal under international law. In 2020, Ramot had a population of 50,400 of which 75% consists of Haredi Jews.
Norfolk Coast (album)
Norfolk Coast is the fifteenth studio album by the Stranglers, and was released on 16 February 2004 by EMI's Liberty Records label, making it their first new album recorded for the company in 23 years.  It was released six years after their last studio album Coup de Grace and was their first official studio album with new guitarist Baz Warne, and also the last album to feature Paul Roberts on lead vocals. Norfolk Coast peaked at No. 70 in the UK Albums Chart in February, for one week's duration in that listing.

The album was well received by reviewers and fans alike, showing a return to form for the band. It also spawned the band's first UK Top 40 hit single for more than a decade, "Big Thing Coming" (No. 31 in February 2004 in the UK Singles Chart), and a smaller Top 75 hit "Long Black Veil".

Dave Greenfield
David Paul Greenfield (29 March 1949 – 3 May 2020) was an English keyboardist, singer and songwriter who was a member of rock band the Stranglers. He joined the band in 1975, within a year of its formation, and played with them for 45 years until his death.