hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richmond Road (Staten Island)
Richmond Road is a major north-south artery along the East Shore of the New York City borough of Staten Island. It is approximately 4.93 miles (7.93 km) long, and runs through the neighborhoods of Concord, Grymes Hill, Emerson Hill, Grasmere, Old Town, Dongan Hills, Grant City, Todt Hill, New Dorp, Egbertville, Lighthouse Hill, and Richmondtown.

S51 and S81 buses
The S51 and S81 constitute bus routes in Staten Island, New York running primarily on Bay Street, Father Capodanno Boulevard, and Midland Avenue, between St. George Ferry Terminal and Grant City.

The S51 was originally a streetcar route, that was replaced with buses in 1934. The S81 was created in 2001 as a limited-stop version of the S51.
Velluvili
Velluvili (English: Challenge) is a 1978 Malayalam film, starring Soman and Jayabharathi in the lead roles. It marked the directorial debut of K. G. Rajasekharan. It was shot mostly at Perumbavoor, Kerala.

The film was released along with the Prem Nazir-starrer Kalpavriksham. It became a commercial success and gave the much needed career break for Soman.

Perumbavoor
Perumbavoor ([peɾumbaːʋuːr]) is a municipality and a north eastern suburb of the city of Kochi in Kerala. It is located 24 km (14.9 mi) north of the district collectorate in Thrikkakara and about 221 km (137.3 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. Perumbavoor is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located 32 km (19.9 mi) northeast of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, Perumbavoor has a population of 28,110 people, and a population density of 2,065/km2 (5,350/sq mi).

In recent years, Perumbavoor has experienced a large influx of migrant labourers from other states in India, primarily West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, and Odisha. Estimates for their numbers in Perumbavoor vary widely, ranging from the low thousands to over one lakh.
Xu Xusheng
Xu Xusheng, also known by his courtesy name Xu Bingchang, (1888 – January 4, 1976) was a Chinese archaeologist, historian, and explorer born in Tanghe, Henan Province. Best known for his discovery of the Erlitou culture in 1959, he was one of China's most important and respected archaeologists and historians of the twentieth century, providing a model of archaeological methodology for future Chinese archaeologists. He also was president of Beijing Normal University.

Tanghe County
Tanghe County is administered by the prefecture-level city of Nanyang, in the southwest of Henan province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hubei province to the south. Its ancient name was Tangzhou (唐州).

The county consists of 3 subdistrict offices, 12 towns, 7 townships, and 525 administrative villages (or community), with the population being approximately 1,430,000 and total area being 2,512 square kilometres (970 sq mi). Tanghe has more than 350,000 citizens in those 3 subdistrict offices (include Binhe, Wenfeng and Xingtang), and the county government is located in the Binhe subdistrict office. The urban area expands very quickly, especially westwards, under the background of estate boom across China. The local economy is mainly based on agriculture, including wheat, cotton, pears. The investment and support from the Tanghers who work out of Tanghe is very important to the local economy.
Panabaj
Panabaj, located on the edge of Lake Atitlán in the western highlands of Guatemala, is a small village (canton or aldea) within the municipality of Santiago Atitlán, bordering the city of Santiago Atitlán proper, in the department of Sololá. Prior to the disaster of Hurricane Stan in which over 400 persons from Panabaj and nearby Tzanchaj were killed or left missing, the town's population had numbered over 3,000, though a census has not been taken since.

Most of the residents are Tz'utujil Maya people, one of the 21 Maya ethnic groups who live in Guatemala, often noted for their steadfastness in maintaining their clothing styles (especially the women's clothing) and traditional cultural and religious practices. Evangelical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are also practiced among a large percentage of them.

Highland
Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills. Generally, upland refers to a range of hills, typically from 300 m (980 ft) up to 600 m (2,000 ft), while highland is usually reserved for ranges of low mountains. However, the two terms are interchangeable and also include regions that are transitional between hilly and mountainous terrain.
History of the Kansas City Royals
The following is a detailed history of the Kansas City Royals, a Major League Baseball team that began play in 1969 in Kansas City, Missouri. The team is currently in the American League Central Division. The franchise has won two wild card berths, seven division titles, four league championships, and two World Series titles.

John Schuerholz
John Boland Schuerholz Jr. (/ˈʃɜːrhɒlts/; born October 1, 1940) is an American baseball front office executive. He was the general manager of Major League Baseball's Atlanta Braves from 1990 to 2007, and then served as the Braves president for a decade from 2007 until 2016. Before joining Atlanta, he spent 22 years with the Kansas City Royals organization, including nine (1982–1990) as the club's general manager. Among the teams he built are the 1985 Royals and 1995 Braves, both World Series champions. His teams have also won their division 16 times, including 14 consecutive times in Atlanta. During his time with the Braves, they won five National League pennants and played in nine National League Championship series. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017.
George Skillan
William George Skillan (3 October 1893 – 23 March 1975) was a British stage, television and film actor, as well as a writer, editor, and scholar of the works of William Shakespeare.

Skillan had a significant acting career at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre with the Royal Shakespeare Company in the 1920s and 1940s, playing such roles as Othello, Macbeth, Claudius, and King Duncan. Other credited theatre productions include work at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre and Theatre Royal in Windsor.

Skillan's work as an editor, designer, and illustrator is credited on a number of Samuel French acting editions of Shakespeare plays, including Anthony and Cleopatra, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night. Skillan's work included annotations, stage design and illustration, stage direction, and suggestions regarding costumes and lighting.

Royal Shakespeare Theatre
The Royal Shakespeare Theatre (RST) (originally called the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre) is a Grade II* listed 1,040+ seat thrust stage theatre owned by the Royal Shakespeare Company dedicated to the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is located beside the River Avon in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon – Shakespeare's birthplace – in the English Midlands. The building incorporates the smaller Swan Theatre. The Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatres re-opened in November 2010 after undergoing a major renovation known as the Transformation Project.
Capivara Dam
The Capivara Dam is an embankment dam on the Paranapanema River about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Porecatu, PR in Brazil. It is located along the border of the state of São Paulo to the north and the state of Paraná to the south. It was constructed between 1971 and 1978 for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation. The dam's first generator was commissioned in 1977. The dam can store up to 10,540,000,000 cubic metres (8,540,000 acre⋅ft) in its reservoir which also covers and area of 515 square kilometres (199 sq mi). It is operated by Duke Energy Generation Paranapanema International.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
William McGinnigle
William George McGinnigle (5 June 1892 – 11 Oct 1947) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right back for Cambuslang Rangers, Hibernian, Celtic and Coleraine.

He made 333 appearances for Hibs in the Scottish Football League and Scottish Cup including two finals of the knockout competition (1923 and 1924, both ending in defeat). In contrast, he played in only one league fixture for Celtic on an emergency loan due to wartime circumstances in 1918, which they won on the way to winning the championship by a single point.

He was selected once for the Scottish Football League XI in 1924 and took part in the Home Scots v Anglo-Scots trial match a year earlier, but never received a full international cap.

McGinnigle served in the British Army Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders during the First World War and he was awarded the 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and the Victory Medal.

1914–15 Star
The 1914–15 Star is a campaign medal of the British Empire which was awarded to all who served in the British and Imperial forces in any theatre of the First World War against the Central European Powers during 1914 and 1915. The medal was never awarded singly and recipients also received the British War Medal and Victory Medal.
2024 European Parliament election in Estonia
An election for the Members of the European Parliament from Estonia as part of the 2024 European Parliament election took place on 9 June. Early voting took place from 3 June to 8 June.

This was the first election since the 1993 Estonian municipal elections that neither the Reform Party, Centre Party nor the Conservative People's Party of Estonia have placed among the top 2 in terms of vote share. Significant attention was also paid to the vote share of Together, whose only candidate Aivo Peterson is and was in Tallinn Prison throughout the campaign due to an ongoing trial after being charged with treason. His eventual vote share was considered by some to help measure pro-Kremlin attitudes in Estonia.

Tallinn Prison
Tallinn Prison (Estonian: Tallinna vangla) is an Estonian prison, which is located at Soodevahe, Rae Parish, Harju County. Previously the prison was located at Magasini Street, Tallinn.

The history of Tallinn Prison began in 1919 when Patarei Sea Fortress was transformed into a prison (Patarei Prison). In 2000, Patarei Prison became obsolete. Patarei Prison as an institution was moved to a facility on Magasini Street.

In 2004, Maardu Prison merged with Tallinn Prison.

In 2016, Harku Prison merged with Tallinn Prison.
Michael Engh
Michael Eric Engh (born December 14, 1949) is an American Jesuit priest, academic and historian. He was the 28th President of Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, California from January 5, 2009 to June 30, 2019.

Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara (/ˌsæntə ˈklærə/ SAN-tə KLAR-ə; Spanish for 'Saint Clare') is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area. Located in the southern Bay Area, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra.

Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Nvidia. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest private university in California; Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers; and California's Great America amusement park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on almost every side, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to the west.
Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
25th Young Artist Awards
The 25th Young Artist Awards ceremony, presented by the Young Artist Association, honored excellence of young performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film and television for the year 2003, and took place on May 8, 2004 at the Sportsmen's Lodge in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.

Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Young Artist Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.

Sportsmen's Lodge
The Sportsmen's Lodge is a hotel located on Ventura Boulevard in Studio City, Los Angeles, California. Operating under various names (including "Hollywood Trout Farms") since the 1880s, the Sportsmen's Lodge is a San Fernando Valley landmark and long remained a popular spot for celebrations, dinners and public events. Located in the heart of the Valley's studio district, the Sportsmen's Lodge was a popular gathering spot for cast and crew in old Hollywood, including Clark Gable, Bette Davis, John Wayne, Gary Cooper, Ava Gardner, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn.
Lytocrioceras
Lytocrioceras is a genus of ancyloceratine ammonites from the Lower Cretaceous with a shell that resembles a safety pin. The shell begins as a loosely wound spiral, followed by a straight shaft which makes a U-turn to go back is somewhat the opposite direction, ending in a jog, offset from the original coil.

Lytocrioceras was originally included in the Ancyloceratidae (Lytoceratina), united with other similar forms but has since been reassigned to the Macroscaphitidae.

Ancyloceratina
The Ancyloceratina were a diverse suborder of ammonite most closely related to the ammonites of order Lytoceratina. They evolved during the Late Jurassic but were not very common until the Cretaceous period, when they rapidly diversified and became one of the most distinctive components of Cretaceous marine faunas. They have been recorded from every continent and many are used as zonal or index fossils. The most distinctive feature of the majority of the Ancyloceratina is the tendency for most of them to have shells that are not regular spirals like most other ammonites. These irregularly-coiled ammonites are called heteromorph ammonites, in contrast to regularly coiled ammonites, which are called homomorph ammonites.
Legal education in the Philippines
Legal education in the Philippines is developed and offered by Philippine law schools, supervised by the Legal Education Board. Previously, the Commission on Higher Education supervises the legal education in the Philippines but was replaced by the Legal Education Board since 1993 after the enactment of Republic Act No. 7662 or the Legal Education Reform Act of 1993.

PLM Graduate School of Law
The Graduate School of Law of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila is one of the eight graduate schools of the university. It was launched on July 7, 2004, at the Manila Hotel, with former Undersecretary of the Department of Justice, Atty. Ernesto L. Pineda, as its first dean. Currently, former Supreme Court's Second Division Chairman Justice Angelina G. Sandoval-Gutierrez sits as the dean of the Graduate School of Law.
Major Matt Mason
Major Matt Mason was an action figure created by Mattel. He was an astronaut who lived and worked on the Moon. When introduced in 1966, the figures were initially based on design information found in Life Magazine,  Air Force Magazine, Jane's, and other aviation- and space-interest periodicals.  Later, the line attempted to transition into the realm of science fiction.

Janes Information Services
Janes Information Services, commonly known as Janes, is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace, and transport topics. Its name derives from British author Fred T. Jane.
Anthony Gottlieb
Anthony John Gottlieb (born 1956) is a British writer, author, historian of ideas, and former Executive Editor of The Economist. He is the author of two major works on the history of philosophy, The Dream of Reason and The Dream of Enlightenment.

A Two-Year Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford from October 2017, Gottlieb has previously held visiting fellowships at All Souls and Harvard University, and has been a visiting scholar at New York University and fellow at the Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library. He has also taught at the CUNY Graduate Center and the New School in New York. He is a fellow of the New York Institute for the Humanities and was the series editor of The Routledge Guides to the Great Books.

Gottlieb was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and University College London. He was formerly married to the British author Miranda Seymour.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation
The Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation (GTARC) is a wholly controlled nonprofit subsidiary of the Georgia Tech Research Corporation (GTRC) that was established to serve as the contracting agency for work performed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute. GTARC is a 501(c)(3) corporation. GTARC operates in accordance with the commercial cost principles defined in the Federal Acquisition Regulation, Subpart 31.2.
The Office of Sponsored Programs at Georgia Tech negotiates and administers research grants and contracts for both GTRC and GTARC. The Office of Contract Administration and the Office of Industrial Contracting are divisions within the Office of Sponsored Programs.

Federal Acquisition Regulation
The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is the principal set of rules regarding government procurement in the United States. The document describes the procedures executive branch agencies use for acquiring products and services. The FAR is part of the Federal Acquisition System, which seeks to obtain the best value for agencies, minimize administrative costs and time required for acquisition, and promote fair competition for the suppliers of the products and services.

The FAR is issued by the FAR Council, a body composed of the secretary of defense, the GSA administrator, and the NASA administrator. This council meets quarterly or more frequently as needed, and the FAR may be updated multiple times per year.

The earliest regulation of US government procurement dates from 1792. Much of the FAR used today dates to 1984. It is codified at Chapter 1 of Title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 48 CFR 1.
John Basmajian
John V. Basmajian, OC OOnt (June 21, 1921 – March 18, 2008) was a Canadian medical doctor and anatomist. He was known for his work in rehabilitation science, specifically in the area of electromyography and biofeedback.

Born in Istanbul of Armenian parents, he came to Canada in 1923. The family settled in Brantford, Ontario. During World War II, he served in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps with the rank of captain. After the war, he received his M.D. in 1945 from the University of Toronto.

Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. Needle EMG is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique commonly used by neurologists. Surface EMG is a non-medical procedure used to assess muscle activation by several professionals, including physiotherapists, kinesiologists and biomedical engineers. In computer science, EMG is also used as middleware in gesture recognition towards allowing the input of physical action to a computer as a form of human-computer interaction.