hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palestine–Sudan relations
Palestine–Sudan relations are the political and economic relations between Palestine and Sudan. Palestine has an embassy in Khartoum, but Sudan does not have a representative office or embassy in Palestine. The two countries form part of the Middle East region and share strong and similar cultural ties together. Sudan supports the independence of Palestine. Many Palestinians reside in Sudan to study or to work.

Representative office
A representative office is an office established by a company or a legal entity to conduct marketing and other non-transactional operations, generally in a foreign country where a branch office or subsidiary is not warranted. Representative offices are generally easier to establish than a branch or subsidiary, as they are not used for actual "business" (e.g. sales) and therefore there is less incentive for them to be regulated.

They have been used extensively by foreign investors in emerging markets such as China, India and Vietnam although they do have restrictions through not being able to invoice locally for goods or services. Consequently, Representative Offices tend to be utilized by foreign investors in fields such as sourcing of products, quality control, and general liaison activities between the Head Office and the Representative Offices overseas. A representative office is known in France as a bureau de liaison.
Meacham Lake
Meacham Lake is a 1,203-acre (4.87 km2) lake eight miles north of Paul Smiths in Franklin County, New York in the Adirondack Park. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) long, north to south, and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. The lake is found at an elevation of 1,552 feet (473 m). Most of the lake is in the town of Duane; the southernmost shore is in the town of Brighton.

The state purchased most of the land around the lake in 1931-32, and it is a part of the Debar Mountain Wild Forest; motors are permitted on the lake.  There is a campground operated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation at the north end of the lake. Fish include northern pike, yellow perch, and bullhead.

The Osgood River, flowing north out of Osgood Pond is the principal source of Meacham Lake; it is drained by the East Branch of the St. Regis River.

The lake was originally discovered by the late Thomas Meacham.

Paul Smiths, New York
Paul Smiths is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Brighton in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is located on Lower Saint Regis Lake in the Adirondacks, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Saranac Lake, located at 44°26' North 74°15' West. The population of the CDP was 671 at the 2010 census.
Eric Budd
Eric B Budd (21 June 1924 - 29 March 2006) was a leading English cricket administrator.

Eric Budd was born in Exeter, Devon. He served The Cricket Society and Surrey County Cricket Club with distinction. He joined the Society in 1982 and became Meetings Convenor in 1984. He succeeded Eric Rice as the General Secretary of the Cricket Society in 1987 and became vice-chairman in 2000. He managed the Oval Shop, with his late second wife Joy for Surrey CCC for a long period. He retired to the Netherlands following his third marriage, before returning to Britain. He died in Exeter, after a long illness.

The Cricket Society
The Cricket Society is a not-for-profit organisation formed in 1945 as the Society of Cricket Statisticians at Great Scotland Yard, London. It has grown steadily to be the largest body of its kind in the cricket world.   The Cricket Society now has over 1,500 members in the United Kingdom and the cricket playing countries of the world. Its current President is John Barclay. The Society celebrates the best of cricket, past, present and future through events, awards, publications and playing via The Cricket Society XI and supporting state schools cricket through the Cricket Society Trust.

The Cricket Society celebrated its 80th birthday on 17 November 2025 with an all-star dinner in London. Several tributes were made to The Society and its long history, notably by among others David Kynaston and President, John Barclay.
Leykin
Leykin, Leikin, Lejkin, Leykind (feminine: Leykina, Leikina) are surnames of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. It is a Slavic-language-infliuenced matronymic surname derived from the Yiddish diminutive form "Leyka" of the given name Leah. Notable people with this surname include:

Boris Leykin, the namesake of the Leykina Island, Russia

Jakub Lejkin (1906-1942), Polish Jewish lawyer, Nazi collaborator, deputy commander of Warsaw Ghetto

Leonid Leykin (born 1961), Russian clown, actor, and film director

Lindsay Sloane Leikin-Rollins (born  1977), American actress

Nikolai Leykin (1841 – 1906), Russian writer, artist, playwright, journalist and publisher

Polina Leykina (born 1994), Russian tennis player

Vyacheslav Leikin (born 1937) Russian poet and playwright

Matronymic
A matronymic is a personal name or a parental name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic. Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames. In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Additionally, if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname, which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged.
Sarina Koga
Sarina Koga (古賀 紗理那, Koga Sarina; born May 21, 1996) or Sarina Nishida (西田 紗理那, Nishida Sarina) is a Japanese retired volleyball player who used to be captain of the Japan women's national volleyball team.

Koga won the bronze medal at the 2013 U23 World Championship with Japan's U23 national team. She also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in women's volleyball. Koga retired after the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 16th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Paris, France from 28 July to 11 August 2024. This was the first time in the history competition, each team participating was entitled to include one non-competing (AP) athlete to replace an athlete for medical reasons. As such, team rosters increased from 12 to 13 athletes.
George O. Brastow
George Oliver Brastow (September 8, 1811 – November 20, 1878) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as a member and President of the Massachusetts Senate, as a member of the Governor's Council, and as the first Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Salvin
Salvin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Salvin (1799–1881), English architect

Anthony Salvin (academic), Master of University College, Oxford (1557–58)

Francis Henry Salvin (1817–1904), English hunter and writer

Osbert Salvin FRS (1835–1898), English naturalist, best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915)

Richard Salvin, Master of University College, Oxford (1547–51)

Osbert Salvin
Osbert Salvin FRS (25 February 1835 – 1 June 1898) was an English naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) with Frederick DuCane Godman. This was a 52-volume encyclopedia on the natural history of Central America.
1986 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1986 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986. Democratic nominee William Donald Schaefer defeated Republican nominee Thomas J. Mooney with 82.37% of the vote. To date this is the largest percentage total ever for a contested statewide election in Maryland.

As of November, 2025, this is the last time a candidate from either party carried every county in a gubernatorial election, and the last time the Democratic candidate won a majority of counties in a gubernatorial election. He is also the last Democrat to win the following counties: Garrett, Washington, Carroll, Queen Anne's, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, and Somerset. Anne Arundel County, Frederick County, Kent County, and Talbot County would not vote Democratic again until 2022.

Kent County, Maryland
Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,198, making it the least populous county in Maryland. Its county seat is Chestertown. The county was named for the county of Kent in England. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state and is the oldest county in Maryland.

Along with Caroline and Garrett Counties, it is one of three counties in the state that are not part of a metropolitan statistical area.
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs are coordination complexes of ruthenium complexes that have anticancer properties.  They promise to provide alternatives to platinum-based drugs for anticancer therapy.  No ruthenium anti-cancer drug has been commercialized.

Since 1979, when  Cisplatin entered clinical trials, there has been continuing interest in alternative metal-based drugs.  The leading ruthenium-based candidates are BOLD-100 and TLD-1433. Other ruthenium based therapeutics that have been tested clinically include NAMI-A and KP1019. The first ruthenium-based drug to enter clinical trials was NAMI-A. More ruthenium drugs are still under development. Ruthenium complexes as anticancer drugs were originally designed to mimic platinum drugs for targeting DNA, but emerging ruthenium compounds have shown a variety of mechanisms of actions, which include ROS generation, and as Endoplasmic reticulum stress agents.

Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH, /ˌɡluːtəˈθaɪoʊn/) is a small protein made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals.

It is synthesized by attaching cysteine to the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain with a gamma peptide linkage, and to glycine with a normal peptide linkage.
Dok Leipzig
DOK Leipzig is a documentary film festival that takes place every October in Leipzig, Germany. It is an international film festival for documentary and animated film founded in 1955 under the name "1st All-German Leipzig Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films" and was the first independent film festival in East Germany. In 1995 a separate competition for animated films was added and in 2004 a film industry program, DOK Industry, was initiated to allow a networking and contact platform for industry professionals. Shortly after German reunification attendance figures dropped, with just 5,500 people coming in 1993; however, they quickly picked up and in 2008 the festival had more than 27,000 attendees. DOK Leipzig is part of the Doc Alliance – a creative partnership between 7 key European documentary film festivals.

Joris Ivens
Georg Henri Anton "Joris" Ivens (18 November 1898 – 28 June 1989) was a Dutch documentary filmmaker. Among the notable films he directed or co-directed are A Tale of the Wind, The Spanish Earth, Rain, ...A Valparaiso, Misère au Borinage (Borinage), 17th Parallel: Vietnam in War, The Seine Meets Paris, Far from Vietnam, Pour le Mistral and How Yukong Moved the Mountains.
Warren Chase
Warren Chase (January 5, 1813 – February 25, 1891) was an American pioneer, farmer, reformer and politician. He served in the state senates of Wisconsin and California, and was a candidate for Governor of Wisconsin in the election of 1849.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Barred parakeet
The barred parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola), also known as the lineolated parakeet (commonly nicknamed the "linnie") or the Catherine parakeet, is a small psittaciforme bird found in the highland forests of tropical Latin America. Its plumage is mostly green, with multiple black or dark green stripes and bars and a pale, peach-colored bill. The darker stripes vary in prominence and intensity between the two subspecies. Several color mutations (morphs) are available in aviculture, as it has become a popular captive bird species.

The species has a disjunct distribution, found from southern México south through Panamá; in South America, it is found both in the Santa Marta Mountains of Colombia and the Venezuelan Coastal Range, as well as the forests of the Andean foothills (from western Venezuela south to Perú and Bolivia).

Venezuelan Coastal Range
The Venezuelan Coastal Range (Spanish: Cordillera de la Costa or Serranía de la Costa), also known as Venezuelan Caribbean Mountain System (Spanish: Sistema Montañoso Caribe), is a mountain range system and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, that runs along the central and eastern portions of Venezuela's northern coast. The range is a northeastern extension of the Andes, and is also known as the  Maritime Andes. It covers around 48,866 km2, being the 4th largest natural region in Venezuela.
Gifford S. Robinson
Gifford Simeon Robinson (May 28, 1843 – May 28, 1936) was an American jurist and politician. He was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1888, to December 31, 1899, appointed from Buena Vista County.

Buena Vista County, Iowa
Buena Vista County (/ˈbjuːnə ˈvɪstə/; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbwena ˈβista]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,823. Its county seat is Storm Lake. The county is named for the final victory of Field General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican–American War.

Buena Vista County comprises the Storm Lake, IA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
CISTRSC
CISTRSC (pronounced Sister-Sea) is a mnemonic used by some Canadian glider pilots to remember the sequence of actions required before take-off.

This preflight check was developed by the Royal Canadian Air Cadets for use on the Schweizer 2-33 training glider. The check is not applicable to other glider types that are more complex than the 2-33 and include features such as flaps. Like all mnemonics this check has become part of aviation culture and folklore.

B-CISTRSC:

Ballast

Controls

Instruments

Spoilers

Trim

Release

Straps

Canopy

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Minerva Press
Minerva Press was a publishing house, notable for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction, active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (1790–1820). It was established by William Lane (c. 1745–1814) at No 33 Leadenhall Street, London, when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790.

Circulating library
A circulating library (also known as lending libraries and rental libraries) lent books to subscribers, and was first and foremost a business venture. The intention was to profit from lending books to the public for a fee.
Vermilacinia ligulata
Vermilacinia ligulata is an infrequent lichen found along the foggy Pacific Coast of Baja California in rock-walled narrow arroyos, on rocky peninsulas and on ridges within the Northern Vizcaíno Desert region, ranging from Punta Cono to just north of Punta Canoas, and along the east coast of Cedros Island. The species was first collected in May 1985 in the southern part of the northern peninsula of Baja California, about 100 km north of Guerrero Negro, 400 meters inland from the ocean on rocky walls with a northern exposure in a narrow estuary. The type is from the same locality but collected one year later, 19 May 1986.

El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve
The El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, created in 1988, is located in Mulegé Municipality in northern Baja California Sur, at the center of the Baja California Peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. With an area of over 24,930 km2 (9,630 sq mi)), it is the largest wildlife refuge in Mexico and borders the northern edge of the Valle de los Cirios Protected Area of Flora and Fauna.
Center Hill
Center Hill can refer to several places in the United States:

Center Hill, Atlanta

Center Hill, Florida

Center Hill, Illinois

Center Hill, Mississippi

Center Hill, North Carolina

Center Hill, Texas

Center Hill Lake, a reservoir in Tennessee

Center Hill, Atlanta
Center Hill is a neighborhood located in northwest Atlanta, Georgia with a population of 4,741. Center Hill is located between Donald L. Hollowell Highway, Hamilton E. Holmes Drive, and Simpson Road. Center Hill is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia. Many retirees live in Center Hill and residents tend to be liberal.
Cawang, Kramat Jati, East Jakarta
Cawang is an administrative village (kelurahan in Indonesian) at  Kramat Jati subdistrict, East Jakarta. The borders of Cawang are:

MT Haryono Road in the north

Ciliwung River in the west

General Sutoyo Road in the east

Kalibata Road and 14th Public High School (SMA 14) Street in the south

The postal code of this administrative village is 13630.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Timothy Baldwin House
The Timothy Baldwin House is a historic house at 186 Damascus Road in Branford, Connecticut.  Built about 1819, it is a well-preserved late example of Georgian Colonial architecture, associated with a prominent local family.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Branford, Connecticut
Branford is a shoreline town located on Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, about 6 miles (10 km) east of downtown New Haven. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. Branford borders East Haven to the west, Guilford to the east, and North Branford to the north. The population was 28,273 in the 2020 census.
Walid Hassan (comedian)
Walid Hassan (born c. 1959 - d. 20 November 2006) was a Shia Muslim Iraqi comedian. At the time of his death he was one of five actors on Caricature, a 45-minute comedy satire on  Al-Sharqiyah TV, that did not hesitate to make fun of U.S. forces, Shiite militias, Sunni-Arab insurgent groups, and the chaotic governments that have tried to rule Iraq since Saddam Hussein was overthrown in the 2003 invasion.

His TV show provided hard-pressed Iraqis with comic relief by poking fun at everything from politicians to long lines at fuel stations.

He was shot to death while driving through Baghdad on 20 November 2006. As with many other killings in Baghdad, the identity of the gunmen who shot Hassan was not known, police said.

He was buried on 21 November 2006 after his coffin was tied to the top of a taxi for the 160 km (99 mi) journey from Baghdad to the Shia holy city of Najaf.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Wong Hon Wai
Wong Hon Wai (simplified Chinese: 黄汉伟; traditional Chinese: 黃漢偉; Jyutping: Wong4 Hon3 Wai5; pinyin: Huáng Hànwěi; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: N̂g Hàn-úi / Ûiⁿ Hàn-úi; born 1 March 1973) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) state administration under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to May 2013 as well as in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Paya Terubong since August 2023. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bukit Bendera from May 2018 to November 2022, and the MLA for Air Itam from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions.

Air Itam (Penang state constituency)
Air Itam is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly since 1959. It covers much of Air Itam, a western suburb of George Town.

The state constituency was first contested in 1959 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Air Itam is Joseph Ng Soon Seong from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).
Taharua River
The Taharua River is a river of the northwestern Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south from its origins 25 kilometres southwest of Taupō to reach the Mohaka River of which it is one of the earliest tributaries.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.