hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stream gauge
A stream gauge, streamgage or stream gauging station is a location used by hydrologists or environmental scientists to monitor and test terrestrial bodies of water. Hydrometric measurements of water level surface elevation ("stage") and/or volumetric discharge (flow) are generally taken and observations of biota and water quality may also be made.  The locations of gauging stations are often found on topographical maps.  Some gauging stations are highly automated and may include telemetry capability transmitted to a central data logging facility.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
Lucin Cutoff
The Lucin Cutoff is a 102-mile (164 km) railroad line in Utah, United States that runs from Ogden to its namesake in Lucin. The most prominent feature of the cutoff was a twelve-mile-long (19 km) railroad trestle crossing the Great Salt Lake, which was in use from 1904 until the late 1950s, when it was replaced by an earthen causeway.

The cutoff was originally built by the Southern Pacific Railroad as a means of shortening the First transcontinental railroad. Today the cutoff is owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad as a significant part of the Lakeside Subdivision, which runs from Ogden to Wells, Nevada, and is one of the many subdivisions of the Overland Route. Due to the obstruction of water flow caused by the Lucin Cutoff, the Great Salt Lake appears to be different colors in aerial photographs; water north of the Cutoff appears red or brown, while water south of the Cutoff is more green.

Wells, Nevada
Wells is a small city in Elko County, in northeast Nevada in the western United States. As of the 2020 census, Wells had a population of 1,237. Wells is located at the junction of Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 93, approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of Elko and is part of the Elko micropolitan area.
Beautiful Store
Beautiful Store (Korean: 아름다운가게) is a Korean nonprofit organization and charity shop. It was launched in 2002, following the model of the Oxfam shop, and now operates over 100 stores across Korea. The volunteer-run store collects donations of old or worn-out items like clothing, books, bags, kitchenware and appliances, and sells them to raise money for charity.

Beautiful Store also helps small businesses in developing countries by importing their products for fair prices, so that they can achieve financial self-reliance using the profit generated in this process.

Oxfam
Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief in Oxford, UK, in 1942, to alleviate World War Two related hunger and continued in the aftermath of the war. Oxfam has an international presence with operations in 79 countries and 21 members in the Oxfam Confederation in Australia, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Since 2005, Oxfam International has been involved in a series of controversies as it expanded, especially concerning its operations in Haiti and Chad. There have been criticisms of its management of operations in the UK as well.
Bava Metzia
Bava Metzia (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בָּבָא מְצִיעָא, "The Middle Gate") is the second of the first three Talmudic tractates in the order of Nezikin ("Damages"), the other two being Bava Kamma and Bava Batra. Originally all three formed a single tractate called Nezikin (torts or injuries), each Bava being a Part or subdivision. Bava Metzia discusses civil matters such as property law and usury. It also examines one's obligations to guard lost property that has been found, or property explicitly entrusted to him.

Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.

A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code.
Kaunan
The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning "ulcer". The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Kauną. It is also  known as Kenaz ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name.

The Elder Futhark shape is likely directly based on Old Italic c (, 𐌂) and on Latin C. The Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon Futhorc shapes have parallels in Old Italic shapes of k (, 𐌊) and Latin K (compare the Negau helmet inscription). The corresponding Gothic letter is 𐌺 k, called kusma.

The shape of the Younger Futhark kaun rune (ᚴ) is identical to that of the "bookhand" s rune in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc.
The ᚴ rune also occurs in some continental runic inscriptions. It has been suggested that in these instances, it represents the ch /χ/ sound resulting from the Old High German sound shift  (e.g. ᛖᛚᚴ elch in Nordendorf II).

Nordendorf fibulae
The Nordendorf fibulae are two mid 6th to early 7th century Alamannic fibulae found in Nordendorf near Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany.

Both fibulae are from the same grave, a woman's grave from an Alemannic cemetery of 448 row graves. They are labelled I and II, and were found in 1843 and 1844, respectively. Both fibulae bear Elder Futhark runic inscriptions. The first inscription is longer, and especially famous because of the explicit mention of theonyms of the South Germanic pantheon; Düwel (1982) calls it the "most important runic document of the continent".

The settlement to which the cemetery was attached was situated right on the important Via Claudia Augusta and presumably owed its wealth to trade.
Patrick O'Sullivan (businessman)
Patrick Henry Pierce O'Sullivan (born April 1949) is an Irish businessman and public servant, who had executive roles at Zurich Financial Services and went on to hold non-executive positions at Old Mutual, Bank of Ireland and Saga plc.

Zurich Insurance Group
Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. is a Swiss insurance company, headquartered in Zürich, and the country's largest insurer. As of 2024, the group is the world's 98th largest public company according to Forbes' Global 2000s list, and in 2011, it ranked 94th in Interbrand's top 100 brands.

Zurich is a global insurance company which is organized into three core business segments: General Insurance, Global Life and Farmers. Zurich employs 55,000 people, with customers in 215 countries and territories. The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange. As of 2012, it had a shareholders' equity of $34.494 billion.
Francisco Jesús Mendez
Francisco Jesus Mendez is a paralympic athlete from Spain competing mainly in category F54 throwing events.

Mendez competed in two paralympics in 1996 Summer Paralympics and 2000 Summer Paralympics both times competing in the shot, discus and javelin.  In 1996 he won a bronze medal in the discus while in 2000 he won one in the shot put.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Adventure, Guyana
07°05′N 58°29′W﻿ / ﻿7.083°N 58.483°W﻿ / 7.083; -58.483

Adventure is a village located in the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region of Guyana, on the Atlantic coast, at sea level, one mile south of Onderneeming.

Region 5 and 6 both also have villages called 'Adventure' in the 2012 census.

It is a riverine settlement at the mouth of the Essequibo River, and was linked to Wakenaam and Parika by the terminal of ferry service. It is connected by road to the West Coast of Demerara, and to the city of Georgetown via the Demerara Harbour Bridge. It had a night spot, bar and hotel for passengers until  the closure of the stelling and opening of a new stelling in Supenaam in 2011.

Adventure has a nursery school, mosque, a temple and a supermarket. For primary school, student attend in neighboring villages such as Onderneeming or Suddie.

The community is referenced in Gerald Durrell's book, Three Singles to Adventure.

Wakenaam
Wakenaam is an island of about 17.5 square miles (45 km2) at the mouth of the Essequibo River of Guyana. One of the largest islands (the others being Leguan and Hogg Island) in the Essequibo Islands group, it was settled at one time by the Dutch in the 18th century. The name Wakenaam is Dutch meaning "waiting for a name" and the island still contains old Dutch graves at various locations. The island, like most other islands in the Essequibo River in Guyana, is characterized by green vegetation, blue skies and cool breeze from the Atlantic. Wakenaam has multiple villages which include Maria's Pleasure, Good Success, Sans Souci, Melville, Belle Plaine, Sarah, Zeelandia, Friendship, Bank Hall, Meer Zorg, Caledonia, Free and Easy, Arthurville, Palmyra, Maria Johanna, Domburg, Fredericksburg, Noitgedacht, Rush Brook and Ridge.
Beatrice Gray
Beatrice Gray (March 3, 1911 – November 25, 2009) was an American actress and dancer best known for her appearances in a series of western films during the 1940s and 1950s.

Gray was born Bertrice Alice Kimbrough on a farm near Carthage, Illinois. She began working in the entertainment industry in Broadway productions, as well as a performer in nightclubs. She earned her first acting role in the musical, New Faces of 1935. After moving to California in 1937, she appeared in the New Faces of 1937 by RKO Pictures. She worked as a dancer for Busby Berkeley.

Gray appeared in a number of westerns throughout the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, many of which were produced by Monogram Pictures. Her other films were with Universal Pictures, including the 1958 movie, Wild Heritage. She ultimately appeared in three films starring Hoot Gibson and Bob Steele - The Utah Kid, Marked Trails and Trigger Law (all 1944).

Hoot Gibson
Edmund Richard "Hoot" Gibson (August 6, 1892 – August 23, 1962) was an American rodeo champion, film actor, film director, and producer. While acting and stunt work began as a sideline to Gibson's focus on rodeo, he successfully transitioned from silent films to become a leading performer in Hollywood's growing cowboy film industry.

During the period between World War I and World War II, he was second only to cowboy film legend Tom Mix as a box office draw. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Hirsch–Plotkin radical
In mathematics, especially in the study of infinite groups, the Hirsch–Plotkin radical is a subgroup describing the normal locally nilpotent subgroups of the group. It was named by Gruenberg (1961) after Kurt Hirsch and Boris I. Plotkin, who proved that the join of normal locally nilpotent subgroups is locally nilpotent; this fact is the key ingredient in its construction.

The Hirsch–Plotkin radical is defined as the subgroup generated by the union of the normal locally nilpotent subgroups (that is, those normal subgroups such that every finitely generated subgroup is nilpotent).  The Hirsch–Plotkin radical is itself a locally nilpotent normal subgroup, so is the unique largest such. In a finite group, the Hirsch–Plotkin radical coincides with the Fitting subgroup but for 
infinite groups the two subgroups can differ.  The subgroup generated by the union of infinitely many normal nilpotent subgroups need not itself be nilpotent, so the Fitting subgroup must be modified in this case.

Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup (also known as an invariant subgroup or self-conjugate subgroup) is a subgroup that is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part. In other words, a subgroup  of the group  is normal in  if and only if  for all  and  The usual notation for this relation is

Normal subgroups are important because they (and only they) can be used to construct quotient groups of the given group.  Furthermore, the normal subgroups of  are precisely the kernels of group homomorphisms with domain  which means that they can be used to internally classify those homomorphisms.

Évariste Galois was the first to realize the importance of the existence of normal subgroups.
Torkel Andreas Trønnes
Torkel Andreas Trønnes (17 March 1925 – 4 October 2011) was a Norwegian automobile advocate.

In his younger days he was a rally driver, among others participating in the  three times. He spent thirty years of his professional career as a technical director in Kongelig Norsk Automobilklub. He also wrote in their member magazine Motorliv. He later worked two decades in the men's magazine Vi Menn. He also became known for an attempt to petition politicians, in the campaign "Nei til høyere Bensinpriser" ('No to Higher Gas Prices'). The petition was signed by 370,000. He was also involved in the Norwegian Motor Trade Association and Trygg Trafikk.

He resides in Koppang.

Norwegian Motor Trade Association
Headquartered in Majorstua borough, Oslo, the Norwegian Motor Trade Association (Norwegian: Norges Bilbransjeforbund, NBF) is a Norwegian employers' organisation, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

It traces its roots back to 1928.

The current CEO is Stig Morten Nilsen. Chairman of the board is Birger Skjellvik.
Aaron Codina
Aaron Alexanther Codina Vivanco (born 19 February 1999) is a Chilean handball player for Handball Sassari and the Chilean national team.

He participated at the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship and at the 2021 World Men's Handball Championship

2019 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 26th event hosted by the International Handball Federation and held in Denmark and Germany from 10 to 27 January 2019. It was the first IHF World Men's Handball Championship to include more than one host country. It was also the first time a unified Korean team participated.

Denmark, in a clean sweep, won their first title by defeating Norway 31–22 in the final. This was Norway's second final in a row and the first final since 1995 between two nations who had not won before. France captured the bronze medal after a 26–25 win over Germany.

The tournament set a new spectator record with 906,283, helped by the fact that there were two home teams. Biggest number of spectator at single events was 19,250 at Germany's matches in the main round.
William McLean (bobsleigh)
William John McLean (9 July 1918, Katanning, Western Australia – 9 November 1963, Halton Camp, Wendover, Buckinghamshire) was a British bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. He finished seventh in the four-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

RAF Halton
Royal Air Force Halton, or more simply RAF Halton, is a Royal Air Force station in the United Kingdom. It is located near the village of Halton near Wendover, Buckinghamshire. The site has been in use since the First World War but is due to close by 2030 at the earliest.
AH46
Asian Highway 46 (AH46)  is a route of the Asian Highway Network within India, from Kolkata in West Bengal to Surat in Gujarat. The route is part of old National Highway 6.

This highway connects Surat-Bardoli-Dhule-Jalgaon-Akola-Amravati-Nagpur-Bhandara-Durg-Bhilai-Raipur-Saraipali-Bargarh-Sambalpur-Debagarh-Kendujhar-Baharagora-Kharagpur-Kolkata.

Saraipali
Saraipali is a town in Mahasamund district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. First chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, Ravishankar Shukla was elected from here.

Saraipali Tahsil is Mahasamund district's third most populous subdistrict, located in Mahasamund district of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. There are 23,500 villages in the subdistrict; of them, Deogaon is the most populous, with a population of 287,865, and Kabaripali is the least populous. Pali is the largest village in the subdistrict, with an area of 10,000 square kilometres, and Sarangarh is the smallest village, with an area of under 1 square kilometre.

There is only one city in the subdistrict jurisdiction.
Michelle Tremelling
Michelle Tremelling (born 7 June 1969 in Melbourne, Victoria), known as Shelley, is an Australian athlete who competes in archery.

Tremelling competed at three Archery World Championships – in Jakarta in 1995, in Victoria, Canada in 1997 and, in the lead-up to the 2000 Olympics, at the 1999 World Archery Championships in Riom, France.

Tremelling represented Australia at the Sydney 2000 Olympics in both the individual and team archery events. In the individual event she was the only Australian to progress to the third round, finishing in 11th. Melissa Jennison, Kate Fairweather and Tremelling came ninth in the team event.

Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Australia was the host nation for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.  Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 617 competitors, 341 men and 276 women, took part in 270 events in 34 sports.
1928 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1928 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1928 college football season.  In their eighth season under head coach Gil Dobie, the Big Red compiled a 3–3–2 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 86 to 72.

1928 college football season
The 1928 football season had both the USC Trojans and the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado claim national championships. USC was recognized as champions under the Dickinson System, but the Rose Bowl was contested between the No. 2 and No. 3 Dickinson-rated teams, California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety scored after Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards in the wrong direction. Vance Maree blocked the ensuing punt which gave Georgia Tech a safety deciding the 8–7 win.

The Florida Gators led the nation in scoring as a team, led by its "Phantom Four" backfield, with 336 points. They were remembered by many sports commentators as the best Florida football team until at least the 1960s.  NYU halfback Ken Strong led the nation in scoring  as an individual, with 162 points, and tallied some 3,000 total yards from scrimmage.
Ratancha Majhagaun
Ratancha Majhagaun is a town and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,176 persons living in 591 individual households.

Khotang District
Khotang District (Nepali: खोटाङ जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Diktel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,591 km2 (614 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of 206,312. The district is bordered by Bhojpur District in the east, Udayapur District in the south, Okhaldhunga District in the west and Solukhumbu District in the North. In this district there are two municipalities and eight rural/urban municipalities.
Luke Narraway
Luke Narraway (born 7 September 1983 in Worcester) is a rugby union coach and former player, he played for London Irish until the end of the 2016–2017 season before joining Coventry as a player—coach for the 2017–2018 season. He is currently forwards coach at Dragons.

England A national rugby union team
England A is England's men's second national rugby union team. The team has previously been known by a number of names, such as England B, Emerging England and, most recently, England Saxons. England A were unbeaten for 13 games until losing to Ireland A, now known as Ireland Wolfhounds, in the 2009 Churchill Cup Final on 21 June 2009.

England A was one of three sides that regularly competed in the now-defunct annual Churchill Cup competition, the others being the full national teams of Canada and the United States. From 2006 onwards, they also regularly played two matches against other European countries in parallel with the full Six Nations Championship.
Jack Harrison (cricketer)
Jack Harrison (born 4 October 1995) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Harrison was born at Leeds. He was educated at The Grammar School at Leeds, before going up to Pembroke College, Oxford where he read economics and management. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University in The University Match of 2017 at Fenner's. Playing as a wicket-keeper, he batted twice in the match and was dismissed for 38 runs in the Oxford first innings by James Poulson by a ball that commentators described as "unplayable", while in their second innings he was dismissed for 14 runs by Ruari Crichard. Behind the stumps he took five catches and made a single stumping.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Donzy
Donzy is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France. It is notable for having mirrored the national voting pattern at every election since 1981. In the middle ages it constituted the Barony of Donzy.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.