hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cremia
Cremia (Lombard: Crèmie [ˈkrɛmje]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Como, on the western shore of Lake Como.

Cremia borders the following municipalities: Dervio, Garzeno, Pianello del Lario, Plesio, San Siro.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Northland Pyrite Mine
The Northland Pyrite Mine, also known as James Lake Mine, Rib Lake Mine, Harris Mine or simply Northland Mine, is an abandoned underground mine in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the southwestern shore of James Lake in Best Township of Temagami. It was operated by the Northland Mining Company during the early 1900s with the construction of a 91 m (299 ft) shaft and many open-cuts north of the shaft. Minerals present at the mine include chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, deposited in Precambrian volcanic rock of the Canadian Shield.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
Bristol and Clifton Open
The Bristol and Clifton Open was a late 19th century men's and women's tennis tournament first established in 1882 as the Clifton Lawn Tennis Tournament. It was played on outdoor grass courts at the Clifton Lawn Tennis Club, Clifton, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. The tournament ran annually until 1897.

Clifton, Bristol
Clifton is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, and the name of one of the city's thirty-five electoral wards. The Clifton ward also includes the areas of Cliftonwood and Hotwells. The eastern part of the suburb lies within the ward of Clifton Down.

Clifton is home to Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge; many buildings of the University of Bristol, including Goldney Hall; the Roman Catholic Clifton Cathedral; Christ Church, Clifton Down; Clifton College; Clifton High School; the former Amberley House preparatory school; Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School and The Clifton Club. It is also noted for the Downs, a large, open park.
Katy Moran
Katy Moranis a British contemporary artist whose work is in the collection of the Arts Council, The Tate,The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, The Walker Art Center, and the Government Art Collection, amongst others. She is represented by Pippy Houldsworth Gallery and Sperone Westwater.

Moran's first solo exhibition was for Stuart Shave/Modern Art, in London, 2006. Her first institutional solo exhibition was at Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art in 2008. In 2025 she will have a solo exhibition with Pippy Houldsworth Gallery.

She has also had solo exhibitions at Andrea Rosen Gallery, The Wexner Center for the Arts, Parasol Unit, Sperone Westwater, Station Gallery, and the Tate St Ives.

Wexner Center for the Arts
The Wexner Center for the Arts is the Ohio State University's "multidisciplinary, international laboratory for the exploration and advancement of contemporary art."

The Wexner Center is a lab and public gallery, but not an art museum, as it does not collect art. However, when the center was constructed, it replaced the University Gallery of Fine Arts, and assumed possession and stewardship of the University Gallery's permanent collection of roughly 3,000 art works. The collection serves a secondary role in the center's programs in the visual, media and performing arts. The Wexner Center is made available to Ohio State University students and scholars for study, and is open to the public. The Wexner Center opened in November 1989, named in honor of the father of Limited Brands founder Leslie Wexner, who was a major donor to the center.
John Owiti
John Owiti is a retired Kenyan sprinter.

Owiti competed for Kenya in the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth finishing second in first round heat in the 100 yards with a time 9.8 seconds. In the second round, Owiti posted the slightly slower time of 10.2 seconds and finished fourth in his heat. In the 220 yards, Owiti again did not advance to the semi-finals after covering the distance in 22.4 seconds in both the first and second rounds. The same result was achieved in the 100 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Mexico City where Owiti finished both of the heats in 10.6 seconds. The following year at the 1965 All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Owiti achieved the silver medal in the 100 metres for finishing second in the final in 10.5 seconds behind the Ivoirian Gaoussou Koné.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was the shortest of the men's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo, Japan.  It was held at the Olympic Stadium on 14 and 15 October 1964.  76 athletes from 49 nations entered, with three not starting in the first round. Nations were limited to three athletes each, per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The first two rounds were held on Wednesday, 14 October, with the semifinals and final on the following day.

In the final, American Bob Hayes tied the world record of 10.0 seconds and won the gold medal. Enrique Figuerola of Cuba and Harry Jerome of Canada tied the previous Olympic record time (10.2 seconds). It was Cuba's first medal in the event; Canada earned its first men's 100 metres medal since 1928.
The Mall at Greece Ridge
The Mall at Greece Ridge is located in Greece, New York, a suburb of Rochester, New York. It is managed by Wilmorite Properties. It contains 107 stores and restaurants in the main concourse. The mall's anchors are JCPenney, Boscov's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Apple Cinemas, Goodwill, CubeSmart Storage, and a free-standing Target. Junior anchors are Burlington, Marshalls, Michaels, and Barnes and Noble. There are two vacant anchor buildings, formerly occupied by Macy's and Macy's Home Store. It also features a double-decker carousel.

The mall is near the center of a long line of plazas, chain hotels, restaurants, and car dealerships which continues for several miles in each direction on Ridge Road (New York State Route 104).

Dick's Sporting Goods
Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. (stylized as DICK'S Sporting Goods) is an American chain of sporting goods stores founded in 1948 by Richard "Dick" Stack. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States and is listed on the Fortune 500.
Adam Neumann
Adam Neumann (Hebrew: אדם נוימן) is an Israeli and American businessman, investor, and billionaire. In 2010, he co-founded WeWork with Miguel McKelvey, where he was CEO from 2010 to 2019. In 2019, he co-founded a family office dubbed 166 2nd Financial Services with his wife, Rebekah Neumann, to manage their personal wealth, investing over a billion dollars in real estate and venture startups.

Following mounting pressure from investors based on disclosures made in a public offering filing, Neumann was asked to step down as CEO of WeWork and gave up majority voting control as of September 26, 2019. Forbes estimated his net worth to be around US$2.2 billion as of February 2024.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Guntakal–Vasco da Gama section
The Guntakal–Vasco da Gama section, or Mormugao Railway (formerly known as West of India Portuguese Railway), is a railway line connecting the town of  Guntakal in Andhra Pradesh and Vasco da Gama in Goa, India. It traverses the Western Ghats and covers a distance of 457 kilometres (284 mi) across Goa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

It is operated by the public companies Indian Railways — through its operating subsidiaries South Central Railway zone and South Western Railway zone — and Konkan Railway Corporation.

Guntakal
Guntakal, natively known as Guntakallu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Guntakal mandal and Guntakal revenue division.It is also the headquarters of the Guntakal Railway Division in South Central Railway.
Flexirubin
Flexirubin is the main pigment in the bacteria genera Flexibacter, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Cytophaga. It was isolated for the first time from Flexibacter elegans. Flexirubin is found in these genera, as well as those that produce carotenoids. The pigment mixture of flexirubin and carotenoids imparts colonies with an intense yellow-orange color. Structurally, this bacteria pigment is based on a polycarboxylic-chromophore that is linked with a phenol by an ester, resulting in an alkyl side-chain. The first total synthesis of flexirubin was reported in 1977.

To test for the presence of flexirubin, a cultural strain with a 20% potassium hydroxide solution is created. A color change from gold to red-brown indicates the presence of flexirubin. Alternatively, the pigment can also be extracted with acetone and chromatographic methods can be used to ascertain its presence.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
Bettada Kalla
Bettada Kalla (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1957 Indian Kannada-language film, produced and directed by S. M. S. Naidu. The film features Kalyan Kumar, Mynavathi, R. Nagendra Rao and Udaykumar in lead roles, with a musical score composed by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu. The movie is a remake of the director's own 1954 Tamil hit Malaikkallan, which starred M.G. Ramachandran (MGR) and P. Bhanumathi in the lead roles. Bettada Kalla is notable for being the first remake in the Kannada film industry.

S. M. Subbaiah Naidu
Subburayulu Munuswami Subbaiah Naidu (a.k.a. SMS) (15 March 1914 – 26 May 1979) was an Indian composer, conductor, and orchestrator. He was one of the oldest music directors. He worked as an in-house music composer for Central Studios and Pakshiraja Studios and well associated with S. M. Sriramulu Naidu. SMS also worked with many films under Jupiter Pictures banner and a favorite of M. G. Ramachandran.
Grand Matsu Temple
The Grand Matsu Temple (Chinese: 大天后宫; pinyin: Dàtiān Hòugōng), also known as the Datianhou or Great Queen of Heaven Temple, is a Taiwanese temple to the goddess Mazu, who is the Goddess of Sea and Patron Deity of fishermen, sailors and any occupations related to the sea. The temple is located in West Central District, Tainan, Taiwan.

It is open seven days a week, with free admission.

Shi Lang
Shi Lang (March 7, 1621– April 22, 1696), Marquis Jinghai, also known as Secoe or Sego, was a Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties in the 17th century. He was the commander-in-chief of the Qing fleets which destroyed the power of Zheng Chenggong's descendants in the 1660s, and led the conquest of the Zheng family's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in 1683. Shi later governed part of Taiwan as a marquis.
Swaine London
Swaine London, known previously as Swaine Adeney Brigg, is a luxury goods shop that has traded in London's St James's since 1798. The shop sells leather goods, Brigg umbrellas and hats from Herbert Johnson.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Anne Parker (actress)
Anne Parker (1696–1740) was a British stage actress of the eighteenth century. She is also known by her married names Anne Berriman and Anne Hallam.

She first appeared at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre in 1720 as Regan in King Lear and Melinda in The Recruiting Officer and from 1723 she was a regular part of John Rich's company there. In 1726 she married a fellow Lincoln's Inn actor Joseph Berriman. Following his death in 1730 she remarried to another actor William Hallam and was known as Mrs Hallam for the remainder of her career.

From 1732 she moved with the rest of Rich's company to the newly-built Covent Garden Theatre. She became particularly known for her performances as Lady Macbeth. She died on 5 June 1740 and was buried in Mitcham.

John Rich (producer)
John Rich (1692–26 November 1761) was an important director and theatre manager in 18th-century London.  He opened The New Theatre at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1714, which he managed until he built the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in 1732.  He managed Covent Garden until 1761, putting on ever more lavish productions.  He popularised pantomime on the English stage and played a dancing and mute Harlequin himself from 1717 to 1760 under the stage name of "Lun." Rich's version of the servant character, Arlecchino, moved away from the poor, dishevelled, loud, and crude character, to a colourfully-dressed, silent Harlequin, performing fanciful tricks, dances and magic. Rich's decision to be a silent character was influenced by his unappealing voice, of which he was well aware, and the British idea of the Harlequin character was heavily inspired by Rich's performances.
Independent Health Alliance
The Independent Health Alliance was an electoral alliance which contested the 2002 Irish general election. The Alliance campaigned on the provision of health services in Ireland, which was a constant criticism of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government. It also campaigned for disability rights.

The Alliance fielded eight candidates for the 2002 election including Offaly County Councillor Molly Buckley, Dublin City Councillor Finian McGrath, and former Limerick Hurling manager Tom Ryan. Only Finian McGrath was elected in Dublin North-Central. The Alliance broke up shortly afterwards.

Dublin North-Central
Dublin North-Central was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, from 1948 to 2016. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Video denoising
Video denoising is the process of removing noise from a video signal. Video denoising methods can be divided into:

Spatial video denoising methods, where image noise reduction is applied to each frame individually.

Temporal video denoising methods, where noise between frames is reduced. Motion compensation may be used to avoid ghosting artifacts when blending together pixels from several frames.

Spatial-temporal video denoising methods use a combination of spatial and temporal denoising. This is often referred to as 3D denoising.

Noise (video)
Noise, commonly known as static, white noise, static noise, or snow, in analog video, CRTs and television, is a random dot pixel pattern of static displayed when no transmission signal is obtained by the antenna receiver of television sets and other display devices.
Tansen, Nepal
Tansen is a Municipality and the administrative center of Palpa District in the "hills" of central Nepal. It is located on the highway between Butwal and Pokhara, on the crest of the Mahabharat Range or Lesser Himalaya overlooking the valley of the Kaligandaki River to the north. The highway bypasses the town center on the west, protecting pedestrian amenities in the central maze of steep, narrow, winding alleys lined with Newari shophouses and temples.

Gandaki River
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area is 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, the Gandaki is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over 8,000 m (26,000 ft), namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna Massif. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. In its upper reaches, the river is known as Kali Gandaki (or Gandaki) as it flows through the Mustang District and the famous Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal.  When the river reaches the Terai plains of Nepal, it is referred to as the Narayani River. This name change typically occurs near the confluence with the Trishuli River at Devghat in Chitwan. Upon entering India, the river is known as the Gandak River.
Denny Diante
Denny Diante is an American music producer, arranger, and engineer. On March 28, 2012, Diante was announced as the president of eMax Media Group.  Diante is listed in Billboard Magazine's Encyclopedia of 100 Most Successful Record Producers.

Diante has produced numerous notable artists including B. B. King, Barbra Streisand, Bill Withers, Bobby Brown, Boston, Deniece Williams, Elton John, Glenn Frey, Grateful Dead, Jerry Lee Lewis, John Denver, Johnny Mathis, Julio Iglesias, Maxine Nightingale, Merle Haggard, Neil Diamond, Paul Anka, Sheena Easton, The Oak Ridge Boys, and Tina Turner.

Paul Anka
Paul Albert Anka OC (born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian and American singer, songwriter, and actor. His songs include "Diana", "You Are My Destiny", "Lonely Boy", "Put Your Head on My Shoulder", "(You're) Having My Baby" and "My Way".

Anka also wrote the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson; one of Tom Jones' biggest hits, "She's a Lady"; and the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux's music for Frank Sinatra's signature song "My Way", which has been recorded by many artists including Elvis Presley. He co-wrote three songs with Michael Jackson: "This Is It" (originally titled "I Never Heard"), "Love Never Felt So Good", and "Don't Matter to Me", which became posthumous hits for Jackson in 2009, 2014, and 2018, respectively.
Gyaco Township
Gyamco Township is a township of Tingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its downtown area is Guore Village (simplified Chinese: 果热村; traditional Chinese: 果熱村; pinyin: Guǒrè Cūn), also referred as Gyaco in English. Per the 2010 Chinese Census, it has a population of 1,319, up from the 1,260 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.

2000 Chinese census
The 2000 Chinese census, officially the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国第五次全国人口普查), was conducted by the government of the People's Republic of China with 1 November 2000 as its zero hour. The total population was calculated as 1,295,330,000. The census also covered population growth, number of households, sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and urban and rural population.

The census did not include the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Glasspool
Glasspool is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Glasspool (born 1991), Australian road racing cyclist

Lloyd Glasspool (born 1993), British tennis player

Mary Glasspool (born 1954), American Episcopal bishop

Parry Glasspool (born 1992), British actor

Richard Glasspool (1884–1949), British businessman and philanthropist

Mary Glasspool
Mary Douglas Glasspool (born February 23, 1954) is an American bishop in the Episcopal Church. She served as assistant bishop in the Diocese of New York from 2016 to 2025, having previously been suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Los Angeles since 2010. She was the first openly lesbian woman to become a bishop in the Anglican Communion.
Copiula derongo
Copiula derongo is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to New Guinea and found in both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The specific name derongo refers to its type locality, the village of Derongo in the Western Province (Papua New Guinea). Based on molecular evidence, it was transferred from Austrochaperina to Copiula in 2016.

Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo.

The provincial government has, as with the governments of  North Solomons, Chimbu and Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea.
Do Ab prison
The Do Ab prison is a prison in Panjshir, Afghanistan.
The International Committee of the Red Cross reported 270 captives held in the prison were released on January 3, 2002.
They reported that some of the captives had been held in the prison for as long as six years.

Panjshir Province
Panjshir persian: پنجشیر , lit. 'five lions'), commonly known as Panjsher, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country containing the Panjshir Valley. The province is divided into seven districts and contains 512 villages. The main inhabitants of the province are Shamali Tajiks, who speak Dari. As of 2021, the population of Panjshir province was about 334,940. Its current governor is Mohammad Agha Hakim.

Panjshir became an independent province from the neighboring Parwan Province in 2004. It is bordered by Baghlan and Takhar in the north, Badakhshan and Nuristan in the east, Laghman and Kapisa in the south, and Parwan in the west.