hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scholarship of Romanticism
The more precise characterization and specific definition of Romanticism has been the subject of debate in the fields of intellectual history and literary history throughout the 20th century, without any great measure of consensus emerging. That it was part of the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment, is generally accepted in current scholarship. Its relationship to the French Revolution, which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period, is clearly important, but highly variable depending on geography and individual reactions. Most Romantics can be said to be broadly progressive in their views, but a considerable number always had, or developed, a wide range of conservative views, and nationalism was in many countries strongly associated with Romanticism, as discussed in detail below.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
The Stepfather (2009 film)
The Stepfather is a 2009 American psychological horror film directed by Nelson McCormick. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name which was loosely based on the crimes of mass murderer John List. The film stars Dylan Walsh, Sela Ward, Penn Badgley, Amber Heard and Jon Tenney.

The Stepfather was released in the United States by Sony Pictures Releasing on October 16, 2009. The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $31 million against its $20 million budget.

Psychological horror (film and television)
In films and television series, psychological horror creates tension through exploiting the shared psychological and emotional vulnerabilities of the human psyche, differing from traditional horrors, where the source of the fear are material threats like grotesque monsters, serial killers, or aliens, as well as the splatter and slasher film genres which derive its frightening effects from gore and graphic violence. In Jungian psychology, this concept aligns with the "shadow" archetype, which encompasses darker, often repressed human traits like dread and paranoia of others, oneself, and the world.
Ideford Common
Ideford Common is a Site of Special Scientific Interest consisting of an area of lowland heath in Devon, England. The site is a habitat for nightjars and Dartford warblers, and is the site of several Bronze Age cairns and a barrow.

Ideford and Haldon Forest are nearby.

Dartford warbler
The Dartford warbler (Curruca undata) is a Sylviid warbler from the warmer parts of western Europe and northwestern Africa. It is a small warbler with a long thin tail and a thin pointed bill. The adult male has grey-brown upperparts and is dull reddish-brown below except for the centre of the belly which has a dirty white patch. It has light speckles on the throat and a red eye-ring. The sexes are similar but the adult female is usually less grey above and paler below.

Its breeding range lies west of a line from southern England to the heel of Italy (southern Apulia). The Dartford warbler is usually resident all year in its breeding range, but there is some limited migration.
Davide Manenti
Davide Manenti (born 16 April 1989, in Turin) is an Italian sprinter. He competed in the 4 × 100 m relay event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 200 m event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He has competed with the Italian national relay team and was a gold medallist in the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2011 European Athletics U23 Championships, the 2013 Mediterranean Games, the 2018 Mediterranean Games and the 2021 World Athletics Relays. He holds a personal best of 10.48 seconds for the 100 metres and 20.44 seconds for the 200 metres.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place between 16–18 August in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange. There were 77 competitors from 48 nations. The event was won by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, his third consecutive gold medal in the event. Bolt earned his eighth overall gold, needing only the 4x100 metres relay the next day to complete the sprint triple-triple. It was Jamaica's fourth victory in the event, second-most among nations. Andre De Grasse earned Canada's first medal in the event since 1928 with his silver; Christophe Lemaitre's bronze was France's first since 1960. The United States missed the podium for only the fifth time in the history of the men's 200 metres; it was the first time that it had done so in consecutive Games.
P. Ramasamy Pillai
Ramasamy Pillai was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Travancore-Cochin assembly as Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress candidate from Thiruvattar constituency in Kanyakumari district in 1952 and 1954 elections. These first elections were held before Kanyakumari district merged with Tamil Nadu.

Travancore–Cochin
Travancore–Cochin, officially the United State of Travancore and Cochin and later the State of Travancore–Cochin, was a short-lived state of India. It was formed through the merger of two former kingdoms, Travancore and Cochin on 1 July 1949. Its original capital was Trivandrum.

The five Tamil-majority Taluks of Vilavancode, Kalkulam, Thovalai, Agastheeswaram, and Sengottai were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to Madras State in 1956. The Malayalam-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the Malabar District (excluding Laccadive & Minicoy Islands) and the Kasaragod Taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam-state of Kerala on 1 November 1956, according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 passed by the Government of India.
Kateryna Proyda
Kateryna (Ekaterina) Proida (Ukrainian: Катерина Пройда, born 3 August 1989 in Dnipropetrovsk) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater. She competed at four ISU Championships, qualifying to the free skate at the 2005 World Junior Championships and 2006 European Championships.

2006 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2006 European Figure Skating Championships were a senior international figure skating competition in the 2005–06 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Palais des Sports de Gerland in Lyon, France, from January 17 to 22, 2006.
1954 Bari Grand Prix
The 1954 Bari Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 22 May 1954 on a street circuit in Bari, Apulia, Italy. The Grand Prix was won by José Froilán González in a Ferrari 625. González also took pole position. Maurice Trintignant finished second in another Ferrari 625 and Jean Behra was third in  a Gordini T16. Fastest lap was set by Onofre Marimón in a Maserati 250F.

Jean Behra
Jean Marie Behra (16 February 1921 – 1 August 1959) was a French racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1952 to 1959.

Behra contested 54 Formula One Grands Prix across eight seasons for Gordini, Maserati, BRM, Ferrari, and Behra-Porsche. He achieved nine podiums and one fastest lap, finishing fourth in the 1956 World Drivers' Championships with Maserati.
Papyrus 54
Papyrus 54 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum 𝔓54, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 5th century (or 6th century).

It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle of James, it contains only fragments of James 2:16-18.22-26; 3:2-4.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it, with some hesitation, in Category III (possibly II).

It is currently housed at the Princeton University Library (P. Princ. 15; earlier Garrett Depots 7742) in Princeton, New Jersey.

Princeton University Library
Princeton University Library is the main library system of Princeton University. With holdings of more than 7 million books, 6 million microforms, and 48,000 linear feet of manuscripts, it is among the largest libraries in the world by number of volumes. The main headquarters of the university system is the Harvey S. Firestone Memorial Library building, named after tire magnate Harvey Firestone. Additionally, Princeton is part of the Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (ReCAP) along with Columbia Libraries, Harvard Library and New York Public Library.
4th Canadian Ministry
The Fourth Canadian Ministry was the cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Sir John Abbott.  It governed Canada from 16 June 1891 to 24 November 1892, including only a year and a half in the middle of the 7th Canadian Parliament.  The government was formed by the old Conservative Party of Canada.

George Eulas Foster
Sir George Eulas Foster (September 3, 1847 – December 30, 1931) was a Canadian politician and academic.

Foster was a Member of Parliament (MP) and a Senator in the Canadian Parliament for a total of 45 years, 5 months and 24 days. He enjoys the unique distinction of having served in the cabinets of seven Canadian Prime Ministers: Macdonald, Abbott, Thompson, Bowell, Tupper, Borden and Meighen.

He coined the phrase "splendid isolation" to praise British foreign policy in the late 19th century.

Two factors thwarted whatever ambitions he may have had to become Prime Minister himself: his legally questionable marriage in Chicago to his newly divorced former landlady, and his later involvement in a trust company scandal.
World record progression 400 metres freestyle
The first world record in the men's 400 metres freestyle in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by FINA (now World Aquatics) in 1908. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991.

The drop in world record times in 2008–2009 coincided with the introduction of polyurethane suits from Speedo (LZR, 50% polyurethane) in 2008 and by Arena (X-Glide), Adidas (Hydrofoil) and Italian swimming suit manufacturer Jaked (all 100% polyurethane) in 2009.  FINA's ban on non-textile suit came into effect in January 2010. FINA also released a list of approved suits.

LZR Racer
The LZR Racer (pronounced as "Laser Racer") is a line of competition swimsuits manufactured by Speedo using a high-technology swimwear fabric composed of woven elastane-nylon and polyurethane. The swimsuits are available in a full-body length; they compress the body and trap air for buoyancy. The LZR Pro and LZR Elite were launched on February 13, 2008; the higher-priced LZR Elite was replaced by the LZR Elite 2 in early 2014.  The LZR X was launched in early 2015.  The technology is patented in Italy, and protected worldwide.

In its ruling in 2008, FINA deemed the LZR Racer swimsuits provide an unfair advantage to the wearer, leading to a ban on all swimsuits of a similar nature.
Enio Conti
Enio Edward "Ed" Conti (February 15, 1913 – May 22, 2005) was a professional American football guard in the National Football League for five seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles. He was also a member of the "Steagles", a team that was the result of a temporary merger between the Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers due to the league-wide manning shortages in 1943 brought on by World War II.

Conti was named head coach of the Bethlehem Bulldogs, a Bethlehem, Pennsylvania-based team in the American Football League, the Eagles' minor league affiliate during their inaugural campaign in 1946. He was replaced by former Lehigh University head coach Leo Prendergast in 1947, and accepted a position as head coach of the football team at Bangor High School in Bangor, Pennsylvania.

Lehigh University
Lehigh University (LU) is a private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The university was established in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer. Lehigh University's undergraduate programs have been coeducational since the 1971–72 academic year. As of 2022, the university had 5,911 undergraduate students and 1,781 graduate students. The university is classified as "Doctoral Universities R1: Very High Research Activity".
Tenimenti Luigi d'Alessandro
43°14′04″N 11°54′47″E﻿ / ﻿43.2343487°N 11.9131457°E﻿ / 43.2343487; 11.9131457

Tenimenti Luigi d'Alessandro is a winery located in Tuscany, Italy. It was founded in 1967 by the d'Alessandro family, which purchased around 200 acres of the Manzano Farm in Cortona, a medieval town in the southern-east part of Tuscany.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Haystack Rock
Haystack Rock is a 235 ft-tall (72 m) sea stack in Cannon Beach, Oregon. The monolithic rock is adjacent to the beach and accessible by foot at low tide. The Haystack Rock tide pools are home to many intertidal animals, including starfish, sea anemone, crabs, chitons, limpets, and sea slugs. The rock is also a nesting site for many sea birds, including terns and puffins.

Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).

All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda.
Ectoedemia turbidella
Ectoedemia turbidella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae and is found in most of Europe. The larva mine the leaves of poplar trees and was first described by the German entomologist Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Charles Kemeys-Tynte (1800–1882)
Charles John Kemeys Tynte or Charles Kemeys-Tynte FRS (9 April 1800 – 16 September 1882) was an English Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1832 and 1865.

Tynte was the son of Charles Kemeys Kemeys-Tynte, and his wife Anne Leyson. He was Lieutenant-Colonel of the West Somerset Yeomanry and was appointed Colonel of the Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry militia on 4 January 1849. He commanded the regiment until his retirement in 1862. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1834.

At the 1832 general election, Tynte was elected Member of Parliament for West Somerset. He held the seat until 1837.  In 1847 he was elected MP for Bridgwater. He held the seat until 1865.

Tynte died at the age of 82.

Tynte married Elizabeth Swinnerton (daughter of Thomas Swinnerton) on 18 July 1820. He married again, to Vincentia Brabazon (daughter of Wallop Brabazon) on 15 Apr 1841 in Leamington Priors.

West Somerset (UK Parliament constituency)
West Somerset or Somerset Western (formally The Western division of Somerset) was the name of a parliamentary constituency in the county of Somerset between 1832 and 1885. It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.
General covariance
In theoretical physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations. The essential idea is that coordinates do not exist a priori in nature, but are only artifices used in describing nature, and hence should play no role in the formulation of fundamental physical laws. While this concept is exhibited by general relativity, which describes the dynamics of spacetime, one should not expect it to hold in less fundamental theories. For matter fields taken to exist independently of the background, it is almost never the case that their equations of motion will take the same form in curved space that they do in flat space.

Invariant (physics)
In theoretical physics, an invariant is an observable of a physical system which remains unchanged under some transformation. Invariance, as a broader term, also applies to the no change of form of physical laws under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the mathematical definition. Invariants of a system are deeply tied to the symmetries imposed by its environment.

Invariance is an important concept in modern theoretical physics, and many theories are expressed in terms of their symmetries and invariants.
Henllys
Henllys could refer to a number of places in Wales.

Henllys, Carmarthenshire a hamlet on the west bank of the River Tywi in the parish of Cilycwm

Henllys, Ceredigion a township in the parish of Llanfihangel Genau'r Glyn or Llandre

Henllys, Conwy a small place to the west of Llanfair Talhaiarn

Henllys, Gwynedd a hamlet near Llanbedrog

Henllys, Monmouthshire in the parish of Tregare

Henllys, Pembrokeshire in the parish of Nevern (including Castell Henllys)

Henllys, Powys a small place near the parish of Manafon to the south of Llanfair Caereinion

Henllys, Swansea a small place to the west of Llanddewi

Henllys, Torfaen formerly a village and parish historically in, which became a suburb and community of the new town of Cwmbran in the 1980s

Henllys Vale, a hamlet just to the south of Cwmbran in Torfaen

Henllys-fawr, a small place to the north of Aberffraw on the Isle of Anglesey

Henllys, Ceredigion
Henllys is a small village in the community of Genau'r-glyn, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 77.5 miles (124.8 km) from Cardiff and 178.5 miles (287.2 km) from London. Henllys is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.
Terry Evans (wrestler)
Terrence Jesse Evans (October 4, 1911 – May 4, 1999) was a Canadian freestyle sport wrestler who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Ashton upon Mersey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

In 1936 he competed in the freestyle middleweight tournament.

At the 1934 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the freestyle middleweight class. Four years later he won again the gold medal in the freestyle middleweight competition at the 1938 Empire Games. He later moved to North Bay, Ontario where he founded the North Bay Canoe Club in 1968, along with his wife Jean. He died there in 1999.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Iijoki
Iijoki (Swedish: Ijo älv) is a river of Finland in the region of North Ostrobothnia. The river has many tributaries. It flows for 370 kilometres (230 mi) into the Gulf of Bothnia. Some of its main tributaries are Siuruanjoki and Livojoki. It has about 150 rapids.

Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (/ˈbɒθniə/, Swedish: Bottniska viken, Finnish and Meänkieli: Pohjanlahti) is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (Ostrobothnia (East Bothnia)) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (Västerbotten (Westrobothnia, West Bothnia) and Norrbotten (North Bothnia)). It is divided into the Bothnian Bay, the (North) Kvarken and the Bothnian Sea. In the south of the gulf lies Åland, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea.
Athlunkard Street, Limerick
Athlunkard Street (Irish: Sráid Áth Longphuirt) is a street on King's Island, in Limerick city, Ireland. The Irish name Áth Longphuirt, meaning "ford of the longphort," refers to a 9th-century Viking longphort (defended ship encampment) once located at that ford over the Shannon. Athlunkard Street stretches from the Abbey River, at the O'Dwyer Bridge to the intersection with Mary Street and Nicholas Street. The street was founded on 26 April 1824.

The Arthlunkard name continues over O'Dwyer Bridge with Athlunkard Avenue in Corbally, and the Athlunkard Bridge in Corbally, across the River Shannon from the townland of Athlunkard, County Clare.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Joy Coghill
Joy Dorothy Coghill-Thorne, CM, (May 13, 1926 – January 20, 2017) was a Canadian actress, director, and writer. Her obituary in The Vancouver Sun described her as having had "a seven-decade run at the top of the Vancouver theatre world."

Vancouver Sun
The Vancouver Sun, also known as the Sun, is a daily broadsheet newspaper based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The newspaper is published by the Pacific Newspaper Group, a division of the Postmedia Network. It is published five days a week from Tuesday to Saturday and is the largest newspaper in western Canada by circulation.

The newspaper was first published on 12 February 1912. It quickly expanded by acquiring other papers, such as the Daily News-Advertiser and The Evening World. In 1963, the Cromie family sold the majority of its holdings in the Sun to FP Publications, who later sold the newspaper to Southam Inc. in 1980. The newspaper was taken over by Hollinger Inc. in 1992, and was later sold again to CanWest in 2000. In 2010, the newspaper became part of the Postmedia Network as a result of the collapse of CanWest.