hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duluth Complex
The Duluth Complex, the related Beaver Bay Complex, and the associated North Shore Volcanic Group are rock formations which comprise much of the basement bedrock of the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota in central North America. The Duluth and Beaver Bay complexes are intrusive rocks formed about 1.1 billion years ago during the Midcontinent Rift; these adjoin and are interspersed with the extrusive rocks of the North Shore Volcanic Group produced during that same geologic event. These formations are part of the Superior Upland physiographic region of the United States, which is associated with the Laurentian Upland of the Canadian Shield, the core of the North American Craton.

Extrusive rock
Extrusive rock refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. In contrast, intrusive rock refers to rocks formed by magma which cools below the surface.

The main effect of extrusion is that the magma can cool much more quickly in the open air or under seawater, and there is little time for the growth of crystals. Sometimes, a residual portion of the matrix fails to crystallize at all, instead becoming a natural glass like obsidian.

If the magma contains abundant volatile components which are released as free gas, then it may cool with large or small vesicles (bubble-shaped cavities) such as in pumice, scoria, or vesicular basalt. Other examples of extrusive rocks are rhyolite and andesite.
Bueso
Bueso is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Bueso (born 1955), Honduran footballer

Eduardo Bueso, Honduran politician

Facundo Bueso Sanllehí (1905–1960), physicist, educator, science communicator and athlete

Francisco Bueso (1860–?), Honduran politician

Isabel Bueso (born 1994/1995), Guatemalan-born activist

José Bueso Rosa, Honduran general and trafficker

José Santiago Bueso (1815–1857), Honduran politician

Orlando Bueso (born 1974), Honduran footballer

Pol Bueso (born 1985), Spanish footballer

Ricardo Bueso, Guatemalan businessman and politician

Rosalinda Bueso (born 1977), Honduran diplomat

Francisco Bueso
Doctor Francisco Bueso Cuéllar (born 1860) was acting president of Honduras for less than two months, from 10 March to 27 April 1924.

He served as vice president of Honduras in the cabinet of General Rafael López Gutiérrez. When López Gutiérrez died while in office, Bueso succeeded him. However, Bueso, in turn, was driven from the capital by rebels led by General Tiburcio Carías Andino, who took charge of the country as first chief of the Liberating Revolution.  By 31 March, the United States had sent 176 officers and men from the cruiser USS Milwaukee to land at Amapala to quell the disturbance.
Awa, Tokushima
Awa (阿波市, Awa-shi) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 35,631 in 15432 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 191.11 square kilometres (73.79 sq mi).

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
August Luik
August Luik (22 January 1899 Pajusi Parish (now Põltsamaa Parish), Kreis Fellin – 1930 Soviet Union) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the III Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Workers' Party. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 21 June 1926. He replaced Rosalie Verner. On 7 May 1928, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Konstantin Veiss.

Viljandi kreis
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi kreis; German: Kreis Fellin oder Der Fellinsche Kreis, Russian: Феллинскій уѣздъ, romanized: Fellinskiy uyezd) was a historic county in the Governorate of Livonia, and in the Republic of Estonia dissolved during the administrative territorial reform of the Estonian SSR in 1949. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate (in present-day southern Estonia). Its capital was Viljandi (Fellin). The territory of the old Viljandi County corresponds to the most part of the present-day Viljandi County and parts of Järva, Jõgeva and Valga counties.
Amullaivoyal
Amullaivoyal (Tamil: ஆமுல்லைவாயல்), is a rural industrial area in North Chennai, a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India and a part in Manali industrial area. Though it is located within Greater Chennai Corporation limits it is lack behind the development of the neighbourhood. The arterial roads to Amullaivoyal are the Ammullaivoyal - Vaikkadu Road, Anna Salai (Andarkuppam - Red Hills Road) and the Neduchezhian street. The Inner Ring Road becoming functional the area was easily accessible from the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus. Also, with MTC operating more buses from Manali. Tiruvottiyur railway station is the nearest Railway Station of Amullaivoyal, which is 6 km away from Amullaivoyal.

Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)
The Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd. (MTC), is the agency that operates the public bus service in Chennai, India. It is a subsidiary of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. As of August 2024 the MTC had a total fleet of 3,376 buses with 3,233 scheduled services, with on average 5.092 Million passengers on an average per day.  On March 22, 2016, the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways reported that Chennai had the most crowded buses in the country with 1300 passengers per bus in each direction per day. During peak hours, on some routes, a bus with a capacity to accommodate 80 persons carries twice the number of people due to the extensiveness of the system. It has an operating area of 3,929 square kilometres (1,517 sq mi). MTC has a total of 668 routes with its largest terminus being Broadway in Central Chennai.
Stephen Kenny (football manager)
Stephen Kenny (born 30 October 1971) is an Irish football manager and former player who is the manager of League of Ireland Premier Division side St Patrick's Athletic. He has formerly managed Longford Town, Bohemians, Derry City, Dunfermline Athletic, Shamrock Rovers, Dundalk, the Republic of Ireland U21 side and the senior Republic of Ireland national team. He is one of Republic of Ireland's most successful domestic league managers, having won eight trophies with Dundalk.

League of Ireland Cup
The League of Ireland Cup, also referred to in Ireland as the 'League Cup', was an annual knockout competition in men's football in Ireland. It was contested by League of Ireland clubs and invited clubs from the lower levels of the Irish football league system. It has been sponsored by Electronic Arts and branded the EA Sports Cup since 2009.

The competition began in 1973–74, replacing the League of Ireland Shield and the Dublin City Cup. It has had several formats since its inception and has been a knock-out competition since 2005. As there was no European qualification for winners of the League of Ireland Cup, it had a lower status than the FAI Cup and was therefore seen as the third most important trophy in the Irish playing season.

The competition was not held in 2020 and 2021 as a result of delays and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and has yet to resume being held as of 2025.
Nemuro Peninsula
The Nemuro Peninsula (根室半島 Nemuro-hantō) is a peninsula which extends from the east coast of Hokkaidō, Japan. It is some 30 kilometres (19 mi) long and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide, and forms part of Nemuro City. Cape Nosappu at its tip is the easternmost point of Hokkaidō. The northern coastline is on Nemuro Bay, while the south faces the Pacific Ocean. Islands of the Habomai (Khabomai) Archipelago, administered by Russia but claimed by Japan, extend eastward from the peninsula.

Habomai Islands
The Habomai Islands are a group of uninhabited islets (excluding the Russian guards stationed there) in the southernmost Kuril Islands. The islands have been under Soviet/Russian administration since the 1945 invasion of the Kuril Islands by the Soviet Union near the end of World War II. However, together with Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), and Shikotan, the islands are claimed by Japan.
1950 Peruvian general election
General elections were held in Peru on 2 July 1950 to elect the President and both houses of Congress. Manuel A. Odría was the only presidential candidate after the Junta Nacional Electoral invalidated Ernesto Montagne's (Democratic League) candidacy. He was elected unopposed.

In the Congressional elections, lists supporting Odría won 38 of the 47 seats in the Senate and 139 of the 156 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
SPEAK FREE Act of 2015
The SPEAK FREE Act of 2015 (H.R. 2304) was a bipartisan legislative bill introduced in the 114th United States Congress in May 2015, and designed to serve as federal anti-SLAPP legislation, to protect free speech in practice. Its title is an acronym (S.P.E.A.K. F.R.E.E.) that stands for "Securing Participation, Engagement, and Knowledge Freedom by Reducing Egregious Efforts Act of 2015".  In June 2015, the bill was referred to the Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice, where it stalled until expiring at the end of the 114th Congress.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Juan de la Luz Enriquez, Veracruz
Juan de la Luz Enríquez is a town in the municipality of Jesús Carranza, Veracruz, Mexico. It has 196 inhabitants, as of 2010. It borders to the north with the town of Juan Escutia, to the west with vacant lots of the state of Oaxaca, to the south-east with the town of Casa Blanca and the Uxpanapa Valley and to the south with the municipality of Santa María Chimalapa, also in Oaxaca. It is located 120 meters above sea level. The Latitude is -94.784589 and the Longitude 17.188500, the GPS coordinates are 17° 11 '18.6 'N 94° 49'22.0188 W. The postal code is 96976. and the most used telephone area codes are 972 and 974.

Jesús Carranza, Veracruz
Jesus Carranza is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The town has an area of 486.32 kilometers squared.  It represents about 0.67 percent of the state. Jesus Carranza borders the State of Oaxaca to its west.  It is located 435 kilometers from the state capital of Veracruz, Xalapa.  Jesus Carranza Municipality governs the communities of Jesus Carranza, Suchilapan River, Col. Nuevo Morelos, El Tepache and Coapiloloyita.
2006 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The 2006 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the twentieth season of premier German touring car championship and also seventh season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series was resumed in 2000. The number of race weekends was reduced, from eleven in 2005, to ten for the 2006 season. Each track hosted one race, with the exception of Hockenheim, which hosted two. As in 2005, each event consisted of one race of approximately one hour, with two compulsory pit stops for each car. The Championship was won by Bernd Schneider driving an AMG-Mercedes C-Klasse 2006 for the HWA Team. Team Rosberg returned to the series after one-year absence and thus switched to Audi Sport machinery.

Mercedes-Benz C-Class
The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a series of compact executive cars produced by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. Introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 (W201) range, the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's line-up until the W168 A-Class arrived in 1997. The C-Class has been available with a "4MATIC" four-wheel drive option since 2002. The third generation (W204) was launched in 2007 while the current W206 generation was launched in 2021.

Initially available in sedan and a station wagon configurations, a fastback coupé (SportCoupé) variant followed and was later renamed to Mercedes-Benz CLC-Class. It remained in production until 2011 when a new W204 C-Class coupé replaced it for the 2012 model year.
George Jeyarajasingham
George Jeyarajasingham (died 13 December 1984) was a minority Sri Lankan Tamil human rights activist and a Methodist missionary from the Mannar district of Sri Lanka. He and three others were shot dead on 13 December 1984 when they were traveling in his vehicle. Later their bodies were burnt along with his vehicle.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Haipou Jadonang Kambiron railway station
Haipou Jadonang Kambiron railway station is a railway station in Tamenglong district, Manipur. Its code is KBBP. It will serve Kambiron village. The station was renamed in honor of Haipou Jadonang, a freedom fighter of India and the founder of the Zeliangrong movement, in 2014. The work on this rail line is expected to be finished year 2019.

Haipou Jadonang
Jadonang Malangmei (1905–1931), popularly known as Haipou Jadonang, was a Naga spiritual leader and political activist from Manipur, British India. He established the Heraka religious movement, which was based on the ancestral Naga religion, and declared himself to be the "messiah king" of the Nagas. His movement was widespread in the Zeliangrong territory before the conversion to Christianity. He also espoused the cause of an independent Naga kingdom ("Makam Gwangdi" or "Naga Raj"), which brought him in conflict with the colonial British rulers of India. He was hanged by the British in 1931, and succeeded by his cousin Rani Gaidinliu.
New York State Route 35
New York State Route 35 (NY 35) is the principal east–west highway in the northern part of Westchester County, New York, carrying average daily volumes of around 16,500 vehicles. Its western terminus is at US 9 in Peekskill, while its eastern terminus is at the Connecticut state line in Lewisboro, where it becomes that state's Route 35.

Annual average daily traffic
Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a measure used primarily in transportation planning, transportation engineering and retail location selection. Traditionally, it is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a simple, but useful, measurement of how busy the road is.

AADT is the standard measurement for vehicle traffic load on a section of road, and the basis for some decisions regarding transport planning, or the environmental hazards of pollution related to road transport.
Phyllomedusa tetraploidea
Phyllomedusa tetraploidea is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in northern Argentina (Misiones Province), extreme southeastern Paraguay (Itapúa Department), and southern Brazil (São Paulo and Paraná states). It occurs in rainforest on herbaceous vegetation near swamps at elevations of 400–1,000 m (1,300–3,300 ft) above sea level. It also occurs in secondary forest and pastures. The eggs are deposited in leaf nests above the water in permanent forest pools; the tadpoles develop in the pools. It is a common species in Brazil and Argentina. Habitat loss caused by agricultural activities is a threat to it. It is present in several protected areas.

Phyllomedusinae
Phyllomedusinae is a subfamily of hylid tree frogs found in the Neotropics commonly called leaf frogs. Formerly, they were often considered as their own family, Phyllomedusidae.

The subfamily is considered to be the sister group to the Australian treefrogs (Pelodryadinae), a subfamily of frogs known from Australia and New Guinea, despite being very geographically separated from them. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, where the Phyllomedusinae still live, with the two families diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of Pelodryadinae likely colonized Australasia from South America via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over. The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene.
Jefferson Moffitt
Jefferson Moffitt (December 17, 1887 – April 8, 1954) was an American screenwriter and film director.  He wrote for more than 80 films between 1923 and 1953. He was born in Oakland, California, and died in Los Angeles, California.

Screenwriting
Screenwriting or scriptwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is often a freelance profession.

Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the script, screenplay, dialogues and delivering it, in the required format, to development executives. Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the creative direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably, of the finished film.

Screenwriters either pitch original ideas to producers, in the hope that they will be optioned or sold; or are commissioned by a producer to create a screenplay from a concept or true story, or adapt one from an existing screen work or literary work, such as a novel, poem, play, comic book, or short story.
Francis Sargent Cheever
Francis Sargent Cheever (August 20, 1909 – September 19, 1997) was an American medical doctor who was the president of the American Association of Immunologists, dean of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and president of the University of Pittsburgh Health Center.

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
40°26′35″N 79°57′41″W﻿ / ﻿40.443111°N 79.961343°W﻿ / 40.443111; -79.961343
The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is a medical school of the University of Pittsburgh, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The School of Medicine, also known as Pitt Med, encompasses both a medical program, offering the doctor of medicine, and graduate programs, offering doctor of philosophy and master's degrees in several areas of biomedical science, clinical research, medical education, and medical informatics.

In 2023, Pitt Med had an incoming class profile with a median score of 514 on the MCAT with a median GPA of 3.79; 8,782 people applied, and 1,020 were interviewed for 148 positions in the medical school's entering class.

The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC).

The School of Medicine is one of sixteen schools that comprise the University of Pittsburgh and is located in the Oakland neighborhood of the city of Pittsburgh.
Pallone (surname)
Pallone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dave Pallone (born 1951), American former Major League Baseball umpire

Frank Pallone (born 1951), American lawyer and politician

John Pallone (born 1960), American Democratic Party politician

Frank Pallone
Frank Joseph Pallone Jr. (/pəˈloʊn/ pə-LOHN; born October 30, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 6th congressional district since 1988.  He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district, numbered as the 3rd district from 1988 to 1993, is in the north-central part of the state and includes New Brunswick, Woodbridge Township, Perth Amboy, Sayreville, Edison, Piscataway and Asbury Park. Pallone is the ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
Romain Lemarchand
Romain Lemarchand (born 26 July 1987) is a French former road cyclist, who competed professionally between 2010 and 2017 for the BigMat–Auber 93, Ag2r–La Mondiale, Cofidis, Cult Energy Pro Cycling, Stölting Service Group and Delko–Marseille Provence KTM teams.

Cult Energy Pro Cycling
Cult Energy Pro Cycling (UCI team code: CUL) was a professional road bicycle racing team licensed in Denmark, that competed in the UCI Continental Circuits. It was established in 2000 under the name of "Cycling Horsens".

On September 9, 2014, the team announced they had signed Linus Gerdemann from MTN–Qhubeka on a 2-year contract.
On October 10, 2014, the team announced they had signed Gustav Larsson on a one-year contract

In August 2015, the team seemed to secure its survival after gaining sponsorship from German company Stölting Group, which sponsored the Continental team Stölting in 2015. As a result, the teams planned to join forces, giving the necessary budget to ensure the team could stay in the Professional Continental tier for 2016. However, in December 2015, Cult announced they would exit the sport and no longer be able to fund the team. Stölting then stepped in to fill the funding void, continuing the team under a German license. As a result, the Danish team disbanded.
Nigrosin
In staining dyes, nigrosin (CI 50415, Solvent black 5) is a mixture of black synthetic dyes made by heating a mixture of nitrobenzene, aniline, and hydrochloric acid in the presence of copper or iron. Related to induline, it is a mixture of phenazine-based compounds. Its main industrial uses are as a colorant for lacquers and varnishes and in marker pen inks. Sulfonation of nigrosin yields a water-soluble anionic dye, nigrosin WS (CI 50420, Acid black 2).

Varnish
Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain. It usually has a yellowish shade due to the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades.

Varnish is primarily used as a wood finish where, stained or not, the distinctive tones and grains in the wood are intended to be visible. Varnish finishes are naturally glossy, but satin/semi-gloss and flat sheens are available.