hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katz School of Science and Health
The Katz School of Science and Health is a graduate school based in New York City under the auspices of Yeshiva University.

Located on Lexington Avenue near midtown Manhattan, the school is nondenominational and has a secular curriculum, in contrast to some of Yeshiva University's undergraduate programs.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Aspidistra alata
Aspidistra alata is a species of flowering plant. A. alata grows in evergreen and semideciduous forests on slopes of limestone mountains in Vietnam. Its name is derived from the Latin alatus, meaning "winged", referring to its thin keels on perigone lobes.

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of a flower. It is a structure consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals); in perigones it consists of the tepals. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,. The term perianth is derived from Greek περί (peri, "around") and άνθος (anthos, "flower"), while perigonium is derived from περί (peri) and γόνος (gonos, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile (neither male nor female) tube-like tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure or developing sporophyte.
Stoke Space Nova
Nova is a fully reusable medium-lift launch vehicle being developed by Stoke Space. Announced in October 2023, Stoke Space plans to use two stages with an expected payload capacity of 3 tons (3,000 kg) to low Earth orbit (LEO), with the first stage being able to perform a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) or a drone ship landing. The first stage will have 7 full-flow staged combustion rocket engines, burning methalox. The second stage will use a hydrolox (liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen) engine with 24 thrust chambers ringing a regeneratively cooled heatshield, eliminating the need for thermal tiles. A center passive bleed in the second stage aims to create an aerospike engine-like effect for improved efficiency.

The vehicle was selected as part of the Space Force's Orbital Services Program.

Medium-lift launch vehicle
A medium-lift launch vehicle (MLV) is a rocket launch vehicle that is capable of lifting between 2,000 to 20,000 kg (4,400 to 44,100 lb) by NASA classification or between 5,000 to 20,000 kilograms (11,000 to 44,000 lb) by Russian classification of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). An MLV is between a small-lift launch vehicle and a heavy-lift launch vehicle. Medium-lift vehicles comprise the majority of orbital launches as of 2024, with both the Soyuz and Falcon 9 having launched several hundred times.
Naresh Chandra Murmu
Naresh Chandra Murmu (Bengali:নরেশ চন্দ্র মূর্মূ, Santali:ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ) is the current director of CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur He is also Dean (Engineering) and Professor at Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research. He also took over additional charge as Director of Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute from 1 August 2024.   He was also acting Director of CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Jamshedpur (Additional Charge)

Durgapur
Durgapur (Bengali pronunciation: [durgapur]), is a major industrial hub and a planned urban agglomeration in the Indian state of West Bengal. It stands on the northern bank of the Damodar river and is located in Paschim Bardhaman district. Durgapur is a major centre for producing steel and manufacturing train wheels in India. Over the past few years, this city has also been developed as a hub for the IT industry in India. The city was planned by Bidhan Chandra Roy, Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk in 1955. Durgapur is the only city in eastern India to have an operational dry dock. Durgapur has been nicknamed the 'Steel Backbone of Industrial Bengal'.
Robert Yerkes
Robert Mearns Yerkes (/ˈjɜːrkiːz/; May 26, 1876 – February 3, 1956) was an American psychologist, ethologist, eugenicist and primatologist best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology.

Yerkes was a pioneer in the study both of human and primate intelligence and of the social behavior of gorillas and chimpanzees.  Along with John D. Dodson, Yerkes developed the Yerkes–Dodson law relating arousal to performance.

As time went on, Yerkes began to propagate his support for eugenics in the 1910s and 1920s. His works are largely considered  by modern academics to be biased toward outmoded racialist theories.

He also served on the board of trustees of Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1921 to 1925. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1915, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1923, and the American Philosophical Society in 1936.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Single-molecule electric motor
The single-molecule electric motor is an electrically operated synthetic molecular motor made from a single butyl methyl sulphide molecule. The molecule is adsorbed onto a copper (111) single-crystal piece by chemisorption. The motor, the world's smallest electric motor, is just a nanometer (billionth of a meter) across (60 000 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair). It was developed by the Sykes group and scientists at the Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences and published online September 4, 2011.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
2020 Dutch Open (darts)
The 2020 Dutch Open (officially referred to as the 2020 Bauhaus Dutch Open) was the 48th edition of the Dutch Open organised by the World Darts Federation and Nederlandse Darts Bond (Dutch Darts Association). The tournament was held at the De Bonte Wever in Assen, Netherlands. Tournament has been awarded Platinum ranking status, with a total prize fund €27,650.

On 29 November 2019, Nederlandse Darts Bond received a letter from the British Darts Organisation with several new obligations to tournament regulations. The Nederlandse Darts Bond does not accept the new rules and is not going to pay for BDO points. Since 2020 tournament is no longer BDO ranked.

Ross Montgomery and Aileen de Graaf won men's and women's tournaments respectively. This edition was biggest darts open tournament in 2020, where over 5 thousand players took part. Montgomery claimed the men's singles title with a 3–1 win over Brian Raman, lifting the trophy for the second time in his career.

Brian Raman
Brian Raman (born 14 October 1996) is a Belgian darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. In 2021, he became the second Belgian WDF world number one, after Leo Laurens in 1993. Raman has won 6 WDF ranking titles.
Wat Chai Mongkhon
Wat Chai Mongkhon (Thai: วัดชัยมงคล, also spelled Chai Mongkol) is a Buddhist temple (wat) in Chiang Mai in  northern Thailand. The temple is located by the Ping River, on Charoen Prathet Road in the old city center. It is believed to have been built during the reign of King Tilokaraj (1441–1487), and serves an old Mon community. Its architecture demonstrates Amarapura–Mandalay influence.

Wat
A wat (Khmer: វត្ត, vôtt [ʋɔət]; Lao: ວັດ, vat [wāt]; Thai: วัด, RTGS: wat [wát]; Tai Lü: 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); Northern Thai: 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」 (w+Da2), [wa̋t]) is a type of Buddhist and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State (Myanmar), Yunnan (China), the Southern Province of Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
XFX
XFX Technology Inc. is an American computer hardware company that specializes in the manufacturing of video cards, power supplies and motherboards. XFX is headquartered in Ontario, California and is a subsidiary of Hong Kong-based Pine Technology Holdings Limited (SEHK: 1079), founded by Michael Chiu.

Power supply unit (computer)
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.1 as of mid 2025.
Joseph Cassidy
Joe or Joseph Cassidy is the name of:

Joe Cassidy (baseball) (1883–1906), Major League Baseball infielder for the Washington Senators, 1904–1905

Joe Cassidy (footballer, born 1872) (1872–?), Scottish footballer

Joe Cassidy (footballer, born 1891) (1891–?), Irish footballer (Grimsby Town)

Joe Cassidy (footballer, born 1896) (1896–1949), Scottish footballer

Joe Cassidy (Gaelic footballer) (born 1977), Irish Gaelic footballer

Joseph Cassidy (bishop) (1933–2013), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam, Ireland

Joseph Cassidy (priest) (1954–2015), Principal of St Chad's College, Durham

Joseph Cassidy (politician) (c. 1860–1920), American politician from Queens, New York

Joe Cassidy (baseball)
Joseph Phillip Cassidy (February 8, 1883 – March 25, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player from Chester, Pennsylvania who mainly played shortstop for the Washington Senators from 1904 to 1905. He is the only player in American League history to record 19 triples in a rookie season.   He was an alumnus of Villanova University.

Cassidy died in his hometown at age 23, from complications of malaria, and is interred at Immaculate Heart Cemetery.
Chinese prostitution in Paris
Chinese prostitution in Paris has developed since the late 1990s. Prostitutes of Chinese origin work mainly on the streets of some neighbourhoods, where they are nicknamed les marcheuses (the walkers), but also in massage parlours or through the internet. In 2016, Médecins du Monde estimated that there were 1,450 Chinese prostitutes in Paris.

Médecins du Monde
Médecins du monde (MdM; French pronunciation: [medsɛ̃ dy mɔ̃d]), or Doctors of the World, is an international humanitarian organization which seeks to provide emergency and long-term medical care to the world's most vulnerable people. It also advocates for an end to health inequities.

It was founded in 1980 by a group of 15 French physicians, including Bernard Kouchner and Alina Margolis-Edelman (a native of Poland). MdM is active in over 80 countries with approximately 400 programs in both the developed and developing world.
Christopher Hill (bishop)
Christopher John Hill, KCVO (born 10 October 1945) is a retired British Anglican bishop. From 1996 to 2004, he was the Bishop of Stafford, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lichfield. From 2004 to 2013, he was the Bishop of Guildford, the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Guildford. In addition, he served as the Clerk of the Closet in the Ecclesiastical Household of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 2005 to 2014.

Ecclesiastical Household
The Ecclesiastical Household is a part of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Reflecting the different constitutions of the churches of England and Scotland, there are separate households in each nation.
Atlantic 10 Conference women's soccer tournament
The Atlantic 10 Conference women's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in women's soccer for the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). The tournament has been held every year since 1993. It is a single-elimination tournament, and seeding is based on regular season records.

The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I women's soccer championship. Historically, six teams qualified for the championship, but in 2012 the tournament expanded to its current eight teams.

Dayton Flyers is the most winning team of the competition with 11 championships won.

NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship, sometimes known as the Women's College Cup, is an American college soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I women's national champion.
Sydney Chapman (mathematician)
Sydney Chapman FRS (29 January 1888 – 16 June 1970) was a British mathematician and geophysicist. His work on the kinetic theory of gases, solar-terrestrial physics, and the Earth's ozone layer has inspired a broad range of research over many decades.

University of Salford
The University of Salford is a public research university located in Salford, Greater Manchester, England, 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) west of Manchester city centre. The Royal Technical Institute, Salford, which opened in 1896, became a College of Advanced Technology in 1956 and gained university status in 1967, following the Robbins Report into higher education.

It has 26,155 students (2023/24) and is in 160 acres (65 hectares) of parkland on the banks of the River Irwell.
Emilie Maresse-Paul
Emilie Maresse-Paul (1838–1900) was a Trinidadian intellectual and writer of the 19th century. One of the only examples of nineteenth-century women intellectuals in the British West Indies, she wrote about secular education and was staunchly anti-clerical. Believing in reason, she championed equality before the law and discounted prejudices against people because of their skin color, gender or social standing.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
Christian Piot
Christian Piot (born 4 October 1947) is a Belgian retired football goalkeeper who won the Belgian Golden Shoe in 1972 while at Standard Liège. He played 40 times and scored 1 goal for the Belgium national team between 1969 and 1977, starting in a 4–0 defeat to Yugoslavia on 19 October 1969. Piot was in the team for the 1970 World Cup and for the Euro 1972.

Yugoslavia national football team
The Yugoslavia national football team represented Yugoslavia in international association football.

Although the team mainly represented the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war SFR Yugoslavia, various iterations of the state were formally constituted in football, including the:

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1945)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1945)

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)

It enjoyed success in international competition, reaching the semi-finals at the 1930 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international competition as part of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia.
Tadayuki Takahashi
Tadayuki Takahashi (高橋 忠之, Takahashi Tadayuki, born March 1, 1956 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese figure skating coach and former ice dancer. He competed with Noriko Sato from 1979. They placed 17th in the 1984 Winter Olympic Games. They were the first ice dancers from Japan to compete in olympics, also the first ice dancers from Japan to win an international competition (1984 Prague Skate). He was seven-time Japanese national champions from 1979 to 1985.

Currently he coaches in KOSÉ Shin-Yokohama Skate Center.

Prague Skate
The Prague Skate (sometimes titled Golden Skate; from 1994: Czech Skate) is an international figure skating competition. It was a senior event from the 1960s to 1997, usually held in November or December in Prague. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. Since 1999, it is organized in some years as part of the ISU Junior Grand Prix series.
2026 Alberta Men's Curling Championship
The 2026 RME New Holland Alberta Men's Summit of Champions presented by Sentinel Storage, the provincial men's curling championship for Alberta, was held from January 5 to 11 at The Murray Arena in Okotoks, Alberta. The winning Kevin Koe rink will represent Alberta at the 2026 Montana's Brier in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The event was held in conjunction with the 2026 Alberta Women's Curling Championship, the provincial women's championship.

Having won the 2025 Montana's Brier, Team Brad Jacobs earned an automatic berth at the national championship. This meant Alberta would qualify two teams for the Brier.

New Holland Agriculture
New Holland is a global full-line agricultural machinery manufacturer founded in New Holland, Pennsylvania, and now based in Turin, Italy. New Holland's products include tractors, combine harvesters, balers, forage harvesters, self-propelled sprayers, haying tools, seeding equipment, hobby tractors, utility vehicles and implements, and grape harvesters. Originally formed as the New Holland Machine Company in 1895, the company is now owned by CNH Industrial N.V., a company incorporated in the Netherlands.

New Holland equipment is manufactured at 18 plants globally (as well as six joint ventures in the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East). The current administrative headquarters are in Turin, Italy, with New Holland, Pennsylvania serving as the brand's North American headquarters.

New Holland also owns trademarks for innovations on its products such as the ABS Super Steer system, Opti Fan System, Intellifill system, and more.
Alto Palena–Encuentro River dispute
The Alto Palena-Encuentro River border dispute was a territorial dispute between the Argentine Republic and the Republic of Chile over the demarcation of the boundary between landmarks XVI and XVII of their common border in the valleys located north of General Vintter/Palena Lake (formerly General Paz Lake), and was resolved on November 24, 1966, by the arbitral ruling of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

The ruling divided the disputed territory between the two countries, distributing it between the Palena commune in the Palena Province, Los Lagos Region in Chile (Regions created afterwards), and the Languiñeo Department in the Chubut Province of Argentina.

Encuentro River
The Encuentro River is a natural watercourse that originates in the Picacho de la Virgen and flows generally northward until it empties into the southern bank of the Palena River, forming part of the international boundary between Chile and Argentina in that sector.
Peraetheis
Peraetheis or Peraitheis (Ancient Greek: Περαιθεῖς), or Peraethea or Peraithea, was a town in ancient Arcadia, in the district Maenalia on the river Elaphus.

Its site is located near the modern Arachamites.

Arcadia (region)
Arcadia (/ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/; Greek: Ἀρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía) is a region in the central Peloponnese, Greece. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas, and in Greek mythology it was the home of the gods Hermes and Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness; as such, it was referenced in popular culture.

The modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region, but is slightly larger.
Nasseri
Nasseri (Persian: ناصری) is a surname, commonly found in the Persian and Arabic language. Notable people with the surname include:

Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BC), central figure of Christianity, known in Arabic as "Yesu' Al-Nasseri" (Arabic: يسوع الناصري)

Abdollah Nasseri (1992), Iranian football defender

Abdulla Sultan Al Nasseri (1986), Emirati footballer

Alireza Ghaleh Nasseri, Iranian Paralympic athlete

Feizollah Nasseri (1955), retired Iranian weightlifter

Majid Nasseri (1968), Iranian former cyclist

Mehran Karimi Nasseri (1946–2022), Iranian refugee

Mohammad Nasseri (1993), Iranian Football goalkeeper

Navid Nasseri (1996), Iranian-English footballer

Reza Nasseri (1975), Iranian retired futsal player and current coach

Soheil Nasseri (1979), American pianist

Yahia Nasseri, Iraqi politician

Abdullah Sultan (footballer)
Abdullah Sultan Ahmed Muftah Al Nasseri (Arabic: عبد الله سلطان أحمد مفتاح الناصري; born 9 April 1986), also known as Abdullah Sultan, is an Emirati professional footballer who plays for Al Dhafra as goalkeeper.
Damgate Marshes, Acle
Damgate Marshes, Acle is a 64.7-hectare (160-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Norwich and Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

These traditionally managed grazing marshes and dykes are a nationally important wetland site. Their ecological significance lies mainly in the dykes, which have several uncommon water plants and a great diversity of aquatic invertebrates.

The Weavers' Way footpath goes through the site.

Weavers' Way
The Weavers' Way is a 61-mile (98 km) long-distance footpath in Norfolk, England. Much of the Weavers’ Way footpath follows the old trackbed of the Aylsham to Great Yarmouth railway line, which was operated by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and was closed in 1959.