hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Plugin
Vladimir Alexandrovich Plugin (Russian: Владимир Александрович Плугин; 30 July 1937 – 6 December 2003) was a Russian historian, art historian and university professor. He worked in the fields of the history of Russia, source criticism, art history, social and political history, war history, history of the army and navy. He specialized in Old Russian Chronicles, Russian icons (specifically Andrei Rublev's). He penned Rublev's biography titled The Master of the Holy Trinity: Andrei Rublev's Works and Days (Russian: Мастер Святой Троицы: Труды и дни Андрея Рублева).

Plugin studied at the Moscow State University and graduated from the Faculty of History, where he studied under Viktor Lazarev and Mikhail Belyavsky. He taught at the Moscow State University since 1968.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Horatius Coclès
Horatius Coclès is an opera in one act and nine scenes (styled an acte lyrique) by the French composer Étienne Nicolas Méhul with a libretto by Antoine-Vincent Arnault. It was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 18 February 1794. It is based on the Roman legend of Horatius Cocles.

Horatius Cocles
Publius Horatius Cocles (/hɒˈreɪʃɪəs ˈkəʊkliːz/) was an officer in the army of the early Roman Republic who famously defended the Pons Sublicius from the invading army of the Etruscan king Lars Porsena of Clusium in the late sixth century BC, during the war between Rome and Clusium. By defending the narrow bridge, he and his companions were able to hold off the attacking army long enough to allow other Romans to destroy the bridge behind him, blocking the Etruscans' advance and saving the city.
David Chackler
David Saul Chackler (April 24, 1945 – April 27, 2024) was an American music and film executive. He was best known for launching the careers of several artists, including Queen, Stevie Nicks, Lindsey Buckingham, and 2 Live Crew.

RED Music
RED Music, stylized RED MUSIC, formerly RED Distribution, LLC (Relativity Entertainment Distribution) was a Sony-owned sales and marketing division that merged under The Orchard in 2017. RED previously handled releases for more than sixty independent record labels.
Rowland Springs, Georgia
Rowland Springs is an unincorporated community in Bartow County, Georgia, United States. It is located approximately five miles east of Cartersville with approximately ten subdivisions and churches, including Rowland Springs Baptist Church. It is situated off Rowland Springs Road and off Georgia State Route 20.

The community was named for John S. Rowland, who established a mineral spa at this site in the 1840s.

Cartersville, Georgia
Cartersville is a city in and the county seat of Bartow County, Georgia, United States; it is located within the northwest edge of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 23,187.
Ronnie Delport
Ronald Frederick Delport (18 November 1931 – 7 March 2023) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Western Province in South Africa from 1950 to 1964. He was later a cricket administrator.

An off-spinner, Delport made his first-class debut for Western Province at the age of 19 in December 1950 against Rhodesia in the Currie Cup. He took 7 for 54 on the first day, and Western Province won by six wickets. In his next match a few days later he took 5 for 87 in Transvaal's second innings. The rest of his career was less spectacular, and in all he played only 14 first-class matches spread over 14 seasons.

Delport served as president of the Western Province Cricket Union and played a leading role in the Western Province Cricket Association that was created after the end of apartheid.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
James Brodie (politician, born 1695)
James Brodie, 18th of Brodie (1695 – 2 October 1720), was a Scottish clan chief and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1720.

Broadie was the eldest son of George Brodie of Ailisk.
He was educated at Marischal College in Aberdeen, and in 1714 he succeeded to his father's estates and to the chieftainship of the Clan Brodie.
The following year, he supported the government side in the Jacobite rising of 1715.

In the Parliament of Great Britain, he was elected at a by-election in January 1720 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Elginshire.  He died later that year, aged 25,
of "a headache which put him in a fever".
His younger brother Alexander succeeded him as clan chief, and was elected in his place as MP for Elginshire.

Elginshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Elginshire, in Scotland,  was a county constituency of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.

In 1832, it was combined with Nairnshire and was added to form Elginshire and Nairnshire, which was in turn reconstituted in 1918 as Moray and Nairn, with the incorporation of the burghs of Elgin, Nairn and Forres which had previously been part of Inverness Burghs and Elgin Burghs.
Sleeping People
Sleeping People is an instrumental rock band from San Diego, California that formed in early 2002. They first started playing live at the end of that year as a trio consisting of Joileah Concepcion (guitar), Kasey Boekholt (guitar) and Brandon Relf (drums), with bassist Kenseth Thibideau joining the group in 2003. In 2005, the band released their self-titled debut album through Temporary Residence records. Around that same time, guitarist Concepcion left the band due to relocation, and her friend Amber Coffman replaced her on guitar. With Coffman, the band wrote and recorded three tracks that appeared on their second album, Growing. In early 2007, Concepcion returned to her former position while Coffman departed to join the Dirty Projectors, and the original lineup resumed. The style of instrumental rock they play is sometimes referred to as math rock, which is characterized by complex, atypical rhythmic structures, stop/start dynamics and angular, dissonant riffs.

Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context:  a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato.
Rail Car Grand Isle
44°22′27.51″N 73°14′0.34″W﻿ / ﻿44.3743083°N 73.2334278°W﻿ / 44.3743083; -73.2334278

The Rail Car "Grand Isle" was a private railroad car operated as part of the Rutland Railroad and then the Central Vermont Railway from 1899 to 1959. It is now an exhibition building at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont.

Central Vermont Railway
The Central Vermont Railway (reporting mark CV) was a railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as the Canadian province of Quebec. After decades of ownership by Canadian National Railway, the company was spun off under the name New England Central Railroad in 1995.

It connected Montreal, Quebec, with New London, Connecticut, using a route along the shores of Lake Champlain, through the Green Mountains and along the Connecticut River valley. It also connected Montreal to Boston, in eastern Massachusetts, through a junction with the Boston and Maine Railroad at White River Junction, Vermont.
Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Elizabeth Christiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Hervey; 13 May 1758 – 30 March 1824) was an English aristocrat and letter writer. She is best known as Lady Elizabeth Foster, the close friend of Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire. Elizabeth supplanted the Duchess, gaining the affections of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and later marrying him. Several of her letters are preserved.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Studenzen
Studenzen is a former municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Kirchberg an der Raab.

Südoststeiermark District
Bezirk Südoststeiermark (Austrian German: [sydˈɔstˌʃtaɪɐmark]; "South East Styria") is a district of the state of Styria in Austria. It was formed on January 1, 2013 through a merger of the former Radkersburg District and Feldbach District.
2012 Copa de la Reina de Baloncesto
The 2012 Copa de la Reina de Baloncesto (Queen's Cup of Basketball) was the 50th edition of the Spanish women's basketball national cup. It was contested by the top four teams in the 2011–12 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto after Week 24 and took place on 10–11 March 2012 in Arganda del Rey, Madrid. The three matches were broadcast by Teledeporte and autonomical channels Canal 9, TV3 and CYLTV.

2011 Euroleague and Spanish League champion CB Avenida won its third cup by beating 68–57 favorite Ros Casares. Defending champion BC Rivas was defeated by Ros Casares in the semifinals, while Uni Girona made its debut in the competition.

TV3 (Catalan TV channel)
TV3 (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈte ˈβe ˈtɾɛs]) is the primary television channel of Catalan public broadcaster Televisió de Catalunya, a subsidiary of the CCMA. TV3 broadcasts programmes only in Catalan and Aranese, with an optional dual track in the original language for some foreign-language series and movies, although Spanish is not dubbed or subtitled. TV3 is also a founding member of FORTA.

It is funded by the regional autonomous government, the Generalitat de Catalunya, through the CCMA.
Space habitat (facility)
A space habitat (or habitation module) in a basic sense is any facility providing shelter and fulfilling habitational purposes in outer space. It is not to be confused with an extended space settlement, an arrangement of or infrastructure for multiple habitation facilities, in the sense of a space settlement. Space stations and theoretical extraterrestrial surface stations (or base station), such as a moonbase or Mars habitat, include or are basic space habitats.

The ISS was planned to get a now canceled dedicated Habitation Module.

Space tourism is driving the development of dedicated habitats in space. Axiom Station will be a commercial space station with dedicated habitat modules for the purpose of tourism and commercial research.

In particular, inflatable space habitats have been in development for decades. Based on the earlier NASA TransHab design, inflatable habitats have been developed and tested in orbit by the now inactive company Bigelow Aerospace.

TransHab
TransHab was a program pursued by NASA in the late 1990s to develop the technology for expandable habitats inflated by air in space. TransHab was intended as a replacement for the existing rigid International Space Station crew Habitation Module. When deflated, inflatable modules provide an 'easier to launch' compact form. When fully inflated, TransHab would expand to 8.2 metres (27 ft) in diameter (compare to the 4.4-metre (14 ft) diameter of the Columbus ISS Module).
Tito Rabat
Esteve "Tito" Rabat Bergada (born 25 May 1989) is a Spanish motorcycle racer. He is best known for winning the 2014 Moto2 World Championship. Rabat then made the move to MotoGP in 2016 and spent five full-time seasons there, before moving to the Superbike World Championship in 2021. Rabat suffered serious leg injuries in August 2018 after falling in heavy rain during practice for the British round at Silverstone. He was hit by a closely following out-of-control machine. He started racing professionally in 2005, and made his Grand Prix début at that season's 125cc Valencian Grand Prix.

Repsol
Repsol S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [reβˈsol]) is a Spanish multinational energy and petrochemical company based in Madrid. It is engaged in worldwide upstream and downstream activities. In the 2022 Forbes Global 2000, Repsol was ranked as the 320th-largest public company in the world. As of 2022, it has 24,000 employees worldwide.

It is vertically integrated and operates in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. Repsol's business strategy includes hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations on the Alaska North Slope, a method used to extract hydrocarbons from shale formations.

As of 2021 Repsol had a renewable energy division.
Supercopa de Venezuela
The Supercopa de Venezuela (Venezuelan Supercup) is an annual one-match football official competition in Venezuela organised by the Venezuelan Football Federation (FVF) which is played between the Primera División champions and the Copa Venezuela winners of the previous season, starting from 2025. This competition serves as the season curtain-raiser and is scheduled to be played in March each year.

Copa Venezuela
The Copa Venezuela (English: Venezuela Cup) is the national cup football competition of Venezuela. Organized by the Venezuelan Football Federation, it is contested in the second half of the season by the teams in the Primera División and Segunda División, excluding reserve teams competing in the lower tier.

Over the years, the competition has had several names. Under its current format, the competition was revived by the FVF in 2007. Its format is similar to the one used for the Spanish Copa del Rey. Until 2019, the champion qualified for the Copa Sudamericana.
1985 FIBA Club World Cup
The 1985 FIBA Club World Cup was the 19th edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup for men's basketball clubs. It was the second edition of the competition that was held under the name of FIBA Club World Cup. It took place at Barcelona and Girona. From the FIBA European Champions Cup participated Banco di Roma Virtus, Limoges, Cibona, and FC Barcelona. Also participating were Monte Líbano, San Andrés, and Guantánamo from the South American Club Championship. The Team USA NCAA Olympics Select Team, called the Golden Eagles, took part from the Division I (NCAA), and Maxaquene took part from the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup. The Northern Cement, the Philippines, took part from the FIBA Asia Championship.

FIBA Africa Basketball League
The FIBA Africa Basketball League (formerly named the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup) was the highest caliber men's professional basketball competition for clubs until 2020, organized by the FIBA Africa and played by the champions of the leagues of the African countries. The league was replaced by the Basketball Africa League (BAL) from 2020.
Long-tailed rat
Long-tailed rat can refer to several rodents:

Leopoldamys edwardsi, from Southeast Asia;

Melomys levipes, from Australasia;

Pseudomys higginsi, from Australia;

Rattus rattus, the black rat, cosmopolitan;

Sigmodontomys aphrastus, from Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador.

Black rat
The black rat (Rattus rattus), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It is a generalist omnivore that can live on a wide variety of foods. It associates extensively with humans, and most populations are synanthropic. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide.

The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a prominent pest to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of agricultural crops. It is sometimes kept as a pet, though most domestic rats are a subspecies of the brown rat. In parts of India, it is considered sacred and respected, notably at the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke.
PONY.MOV
PONY.MOV is a fan-made adult animated parody web series based on the animated television show My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. Created by Max Gilardi (also known as HotDiggedyDemon), the series ran from October 2011 to February 2013 and gained notoriety within the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom for its deliberately crude and subversive take on the source material. The series consists of six episodes, each focusing on one of the main characters from the original show.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Apollinarisstadion
The Apollinarisstadion is a football ground located in the city of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate.

It was the homeground of former Women's Bundesliga team SC 07 Bad Neuenahr until the dissolvement of the club in 2013. Since then, the ground is used by its successor club SC 13 Bad Neuenahr which is playing in the Regionalliga Südwest, the third-tier league in German women's football.

The Apollinarisstadion serves as the homeground for the men's football team Ahrweiler BC and the track team TuS Ahrweiler.

Ahrweiler BC
Ahrweiler BC is a German football club from the city of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rheinland-Pfalz. The club was established in January 1920 as Fußballverein Ahrweiler and adopted the name Ahrweiler Ballspiel-Club on 10 March 1925.
Christina Pluhar
Christina Pluhar (born 1965, Graz, Austria) is a theorbist, harpist, conductor, and the founder of the early music ensemble L'Arpeggiata.

She discovered her passion for early music while studying at the University of Graz and went on to specialize in the lute, theorbo, and Baroque guitar. She studied at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague and the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis.

In 1992, as a member of Ensemble La Fenice, Pluhar won first prize at the Festival of Early Music in Malmö. Since then, she has been based in Paris, performing both as a soloist and as a basso continuo player in the Baroque music scene. In 2000, she set up L'Arpeggiata.

Royal Conservatory of The Hague
The Royal Conservatoire (Dutch: Koninklijk Conservatorium, KC) is a conservatoire in The Hague, providing higher education in music and dance. The conservatoire was founded by King William I in 1826, making it the oldest conservatoire in the Netherlands. Since September 2021, the KC is housed in the Amare building in the centre of the Hague, together with the Residentie Orkest and the Nederlands Dans Theater (NDT).
Svartån
Svartån in Västmanland County, Sweden is a river that is 91 kilometers long. It passes through the towns of Skultuna and Västerås and has its outlet in Mälaren. The name Västerås derives from the Sueco-Latin term Västra Aros meaning "western outlet."

The river played an important role in the industrial development in this region from the 17th century until the early 20th century as a source for hydropower. Small-scale hydroelectric dams are located in Västerås (the Turbine House and at Falkenberg's Mill), Skerike, and Skultuna, among others. The river also provided power for the many water wheels associated with Skultuna's centuries-old copper foundry Skultuna mässingsbruk.

The river flooded in September 2023 after heavy rain. In Västerås, barriers were built around the river to protect city buildings from flooding. As the situation began to resolve, excess water drained into Mälaren.

Beavers and crayfish live in the river.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Soare (surname)
Soare is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anastasia Soare (born 1957), Romanian-born American billionaire businesswoman

Casian Soare (born 2006), Romanian footballer

Gheorghe Soare (born 1929), Romanian equestrian

Marius Soare (born 1987), Romanian football player

Nicolae Soare (born 1991), Romanian long distance runner

Nicolae Soare (footballer) (born 1964), Romanian footballer

Robert I. Soare, American mathematician

Valeriu Soare (born 1932), Romanian football player

Vasile Soare (born 1957), Romanian diplomat

Marius Soare
Marius Adrian Soare (born 30 July 1987) is a Romanian professional football player. Soare is a central attacking midfielder who currently plays for FC Farul Constanța, which last season played in the Liga I, but has since been relegated to the Liga II.