hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Odor detection threshold
The odor detection threshold is the lowest concentration of a certain odor compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell. The threshold of a chemical compound is determined in part by its shape, polarity, partial charges, and molecular mass. The olfactory mechanisms responsible for a compound's different detection threshold is not well understood. As such, odor thresholds cannot be accurately predicted. Rather, they must be measured through extensive tests using human subjects in laboratory settings.

Optical isomers can have different detection thresholds because their conformations may cause them to be less perceivable for the human nose. It is only in recent years that such compounds were separated on gas chromatographs.

For raw water treatment and waste water management, the term commonly used is Threshold Odor Number (TON). For instance, the water to be supplied for domestic use in Illinois is 3 TON.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Ashland City School District
Ashland City School District is a public school district serving students in the city of Ashland, Montgomery Township, Milton Township, and parts of Perry Township in Ashland County, Ohio, United States. The school district enrolls 3,717 students as of the 2008–2009 academic year.

Ashland County, Ohio
Ashland County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,447. Its county seat and largest city is Ashland. The county is named for "Ashland", the home of Senator Henry Clay near Lexington, Kentucky. It was formed in 1846 from parts of Huron, Lorain, Richland and Wayne Counties.

Ashland County comprises the Ashland, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Cliff Branan
Cliff Branan (born June 23, 1961) is a former Republican member of the Oklahoma State Senate, representing District 40 from 2002 to 2014. He previously served as Assistant Majority Floor Leader and as Majority Whip.
Branan was a Republican candidate for Oklahoma Corporation Commissioner in the 2014 elections.

Oklahoma Corporation Commission
The Oklahoma Corporation Commission is the public utilities commission of the U.S state of Oklahoma run by three statewide elected commissioners. Authorized to employ more than 500 employees, it regulates oil and gas drilling, utilities and telephone companies.
Williamnagar Assembly constituency
Williamnagar is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of Meghalaya, a north east state of India. This constituency falls under Tura Lok Sabha constituency. It is part of the East Garo Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. The current MLA from this constituency is Marcuise Marak of National People's Party.

National People's Party (India)
The National People's Party is a conservative national political party in India. It is mostly concentrated in Meghalaya. Founded by P. A. Sangma after his expulsion from the Nationalist Congress Party in July 2012, it was accorded national party status on 7 June 2019. It is the first political party from Northeast India to have attained this status.
Klára Leövey
Klára Leövey (1821–1897), was a Hungarian pioneer educator and women's rights activist. She was the manager of the Teleki Blanka Gymnasium in Budapest from 1846 to 1848 after being recommended by Teréz Karacs. She participated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and because of this she was imprisoned by the Austrians. After her release, she lived in exile in Paris from 1856 to 1862.

In 2018, the asteroid 334756 Leövey, discovered by Krisztián Sárneczky and Brigitta Sipőcz at the Piszkéstető Station in 2003, was named after her.

Piszkéstető Station
47°55′05″N 019°53′39″E﻿ / ﻿47.91806°N 19.89417°E﻿ / 47.91806; 19.89417

The Piszkéstető Station or Piszkéstető Mountain Station is an astronomical observatory in Mátraszentimre in Mátra Mountains, about 80 kilometers (50 mi) northeast of Hungary's capital Budapest. It is a station of Konkoly Observatory, first built in 1958. It has the observatory code 461 and 561 for being used by the Szeged University and Konkoly Observatory, respectively.
Schweizer SGU 2-22
The Schweizer SGU 2-22 is an American two-seat, high-wing, strut-braced, training glider built by Schweizer Aircraft of Elmira, New York.

The 2-22 was designed to replace the two-place training gliders surplussed at the end of World War II . Production was started in 1946 and it was produced until 1967, when it was superseded by an improved version, the SGS 2-33. From the 1940s until the 1960s it was the most numerous two-place training glider in the USA.

Elmira, New York
Elmira (/ɛlˈmaɪrə/) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira.  It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.
50 Greatest Magic Tricks
50 Greatest Magic Tricks is a one-off list show that was produced by Objective Productions for Channel 4. The programme counted down the fifty greatest magic tricks, as voted for by members of The Magic Circle. The illusion at number one was Death Saw by David Copperfield. The show was presented by British comedy duo Adam and Joe, who also wrote and narrated the programme. The show was first broadcast on Channel 4 on 6 May 2002.

The Magic Circle (organisation)
The Magic Circle is a British organisation dedicated to promoting and advancing the art of magic.

Applicants must qualify for membership, either through a performance exam or by a written thesis on a branch of magic, after which they are designated Members of The Magic Circle (M.M.C.). Further distinctions may earn them the titles Associate of the Inner Magic Circle (A.I.M.C.); and Member of The Inner Magic Circle (M.I.M.C), a select group limited to 300 members. The Circle was founded in 1905, and was male-only until 1991. There is a junior branch, the Young Magicians Club.
Carbury, County Kildare
Carbury (Irish: Cairbre), also formerly spelt "Carbery", is a rural community and a village in north-west County Kildare, Ireland. It is situated on the R402 regional road between Enfield and Edenderry, near the border with County Offaly, and includes the smaller hamlets of Derrinturn, Ticknevin and  Killina along the Grand Canal (Ireland). The source of the River Boyne is located just north of the village. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Grand Canal (Ireland)
The Grand Canal (Irish: An Chanáil Mhór) is the southernmost of a pair of canals that connect Dublin, in the east of Ireland, with the River Shannon in the west, via Tullamore and a number of other villages and towns, the two canals nearly encircling Dublin's inner city. Its sister canal on the Northside of Dublin is the Royal Canal. The last working cargo barge passed through the Grand Canal in 1960.
Conmáel
Conmáel, son of Éber Finn, according to medieval Irish legend and historical traditions, became High King of Ireland when he killed Ethriel, son of Íriel Fáid, in the Battle of Rairiu. He was the first Milesian High King to have been born in Ireland, and the first to have been based in Munster. He fought twenty-five battles against the descendants of Érimón, and ruled for thirty years, until he was killed by Tigernmas in the Battle of Óenach Macha. The Eóganachta are said to be his descendants. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with the deaths of Samson in ancient Israel, and Fleuthius, king of Assyria. Geoffrey Keating dates his reign from 1239–1209 BC, the Annals of the Four Masters from 1651 to 1621 BC.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.
Fiat Dino
The Fiat Dino (Type 135) is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports car produced by Fiat from 1966 to 1973. The Dino name refers to the Ferrari Dino V6 engine, produced by Fiat and installed in the cars to achieve the production numbers sufficient for Ferrari to homologate the engine for Formula 2 racing.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
Nat Friedman
Nathaniel Dourif Friedman (born 6 August 1977) is an American technology executive and investor, currently head of product at Meta Superintelligence Labs. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of GitHub and former chairman of the GNOME Foundation. Friedman is currently a board member at the Arc Institute and an advisor of Midjourney.

Midjourney
Midjourney is a generative artificial intelligence program and service created and hosted by the San Francisco–based "independent research lab" Midjourney, Inc. Midjourney generates images from natural language descriptions, called prompts, similar to OpenAI's DALL-E and Stability AI's Stable Diffusion. It is one of the technologies of the AI boom.

The tool was in open beta as of August 2024, which it entered on July 12, 2022. The Midjourney team is led by David Holz, who co-founded Leap Motion. Holz told The Register in August 2022 that the company was already profitable. Users generate images with Midjourney using Discord bot commands or the official website.
Bovens
Bovens is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Luc Bovens (born 1963), Belgian philosopher

Mark Bovens (born 1957), Dutch public administration scholar

Theo Bovens (born 1959), Dutch politician

Mark Bovens
Marcus Alphons Petrus "Mark" Bovens (born 6 December 1957) is a Dutch scholar of public administration. He has been professor of public administration at Utrecht University since 2000. Bovens has been a member of the Scientific Council for Government Policy since 2013.
Richard Ames (Canadian politician)
Richard Ames is a Canadian Progressive Conservative politician who has represented Carleton-York in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick since 2020. He served in the cabinet of Blaine Higgs from 2023 to 2024 as Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture
Project of History of Indian science and civilization (PHISPC) is a project initiated by the Centre for Studies in Civilizations  under the editorship of Professor D. P. Chattopadhyaya in India. The series also contains 20 monographs.

PHISPC is a large-scale literary project funded by the  Ministry of Human Resource Development. The goal of the project is to publish fifty volumes of books and anthologies, thirty of which will be major volumes, and twenty of which are to be monographs. According to the last update on the projects website, seven volumes and eleven monographs have been published, and in the financial year 2001-02, 7-8 more volumes were to be published, as well as one monograph.

Subhash Kak
Subhash Kak is an Indian-American computer scientist and historical revisionist. He is the Regents Professor of the School of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater, an honorary visiting professor of engineering at Jawaharlal Nehru University, and a member of the Indian Prime Minister's Science, Technology and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC).

Kak has published on the history of science, the philosophy of science, ancient astronomy, and the history of mathematics. Kak has also published on archaeoastronomy, and advocated the idea of Indigenous Aryans. Many scholars have rejected his theories on these topics in entirety, and his writings have been heavily criticized.

In 2019, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India.
Nityanand Rai
Nityanand Rai (born on 1 January 1966) is an Indian politician and the current Minister of State for Home Affairs in the Government of India. He was elected in the 2014 and 2019 General Election from Ujiarpur as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He had continuously represented Hajipur constituency in Bihar legislative assembly winning elections since 2000 (2000, Feb-2005, October- 2005 and 2010) till he was elected for the parliament.

Hajipur Assembly constituency
Hajipur is an assembly constituency in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar.  In the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, it will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT-enabled electronic voting machines.
Kevin Armstrong (dual player)
Kevin Armstrong (1922–1992), known as "Army", was a dual player who played football and hurling for his local club O'Connell's and for the Antrim senior inter-county teams in both codes from the 1940s until the 1960s.

He was one of the greatest players never to have won an All-Ireland hurling medal, as seen through the Gaelic Athletic Association's centenary year in 1984 when a special Hurling Team of the Century was named. Composed of players who never won an All-Ireland medal, Armstrong was among the fifteen, at left wing-forward. Four years later, his reputation as a footballer was further cemented when he was the recipient of the GAA All-Time All-Star Award.

Hurling Team of the Century
The Hurling Team of the Century was chosen as part of the Gaelic Athletic Association's centenary year celebrations in 1984 to comprise, as a fifteen-member side divided as one goalkeeper, three full-backs, three half-backs, two midfielders, three half-forwards and three full-forwards, the best hurling players of the first one hundred years of the Gaelic Athletic Association.  The players on the team were nominated by Sunday Independent readers and were selected by a panel of experts and former players.

A team was also selected of players who had never won an All Ireland.
2020 Western & Southern Open – Women's singles
Victoria Azarenka won the women's singles tennis title at the 2020 Western & Southern Open, claiming victory via walkover after Naomi Osaka withdrew from the final with a hamstring injury. It was Azarenka's first singles title since the 2016 Miami Open, and her first since giving birth to her son, Leo, in December 2016.

Madison Keys was the defending champion, but she lost in the second round to Ons Jabeur.

Arantxa Rus
Arantxa Rus (Dutch pronunciation: [aːˈrɑɲtɕaː ˈrʏs]; born 13 December 1990) is a Dutch professional tennis player.
She won one WTA Tour singles title at the 2023 Hamburg Open and four in doubles.

Her biggest singles successes to date include a second-round upset over world No. 2, Kim Clijsters, at the 2011 French Open, reaching the fourth round at the 2012 French Open, and defeating world No. 5, Samantha Stosur, in the 2012 Wimbledon Championships to reach the third round.
Lackanwood
Lackanwood (Irish: Coill Leacan) is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 14.87 kilometres (9 mi) north-north–west of Mullingar.

Lackanwood is one of 10 townlands of the civil parish of Lackan in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 314.45 acres (1.2725 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Clonkeen to the north, Clonava to the north–east, Lackan to the south–east, Ballyharney to the south–west, Hospitalbank to the west and Derradd to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 10 houses and 49 inhabitants in the townland.

1911 census of Ireland
The 1911 census of Ireland was the last census that covered the whole island of Ireland and of the 26 counties that form the Republic of Ireland. Censuses were taken at ten-year intervals from 1821 onwards, but the 1921 census was cancelled due to the Irish War of Independence.

The original records of the 1821 to 1851 censuses were destroyed by fire at the Four Courts in Dublin during the Irish Civil War, while those between 1861 and 1891 were possibly pulped during the First World War. All that remained were the 1901 and 1911 census, with the latter put online in 2009 by the National Archives of Ireland.
Dame Darcy
Dame Darcy Pleasant (born June 19, 1971), better known by the pen name Dame Darcy, is an American alternative cartoonist, fine artist, musician, cabaret performer, and animator/filmmaker. Her "Neo-Victorian" comic book series Meat Cake was published by Fantagraphics Books from 1993 to 2008. The Meat Cake Bible compilation was released in June 2016 and nominated for an Eisner Award in July 2017. Vegan Love: Dating and Partnering for the Cruelty-Free Gal, with Fashion, Makeup & Wedding Tips, written by Maya Gottfried and illustrated by Dame Darcy, was the Silver Medalist winners of the Independent Publisher Book Awards in 2018.

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Canada competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, held from 15 September to 1 October 2000. 294 competitors, 150 men, and 144 women, took part in 175 events in 29 sports.

The final days of the Olympics for Canada were somewhat overshadowed by the death of Pierre Trudeau, the country's 15th prime minister. When the closing ceremonies took place, he was lying in state, allowing Canadians to travel to Ottawa to pay their respects.

Olympic scholar Bob Barney felt that Canada needed to specialize in the Olympics, rather than trying to be compete at too many sports. He also that felt that Canada's medal count at the 2000 Summer Olympics, was due to a lack of government funding, and poor planning to develop high performance athletes.

Lying in state
Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a deceased official, such as a head of state, is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects. It traditionally takes place in a major government building of a country, state, or city. While the practice differs among countries, in the United States, a viewing in a location other than a  government building, such as a church, may be referred to as lying in repose. These rituals are in effect a more formal and public wake or funeral viewing. Lying in state may precede a state funeral, or it may be the public honor preceding a private funeral.
Hung Shui Hang Reservoir
Hung Shui Hang Reservoir (also known as Tan Kwai Hang Reservoir or Hung Shui Hang Irrigation Reservoir) is a reservoir located to the north of Kau Keng Shan, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located at the northwestern edge of Tai Lam Country Park and less than one kilometre away from Lam Tei Reservoir. Like Lam Tei Reservoir, it is part of Tai Lam Chung Reservoir's further water supply plan and an irrigation reservoir. The reservoir is divided into two reservoirs. The water from the reservoir flows through Tan Kwai Tsuen and Chung Uk Tsuen and then through Hung Shui Kiu, passing through the west side of Tin Shui Wai and finally empties into the Deep Bay.

Tai Lam Country Park
Tai Lam Country Park, established on 23 February 1979, is a country park located in Tai Lam, at the south of Yuen Long Town, Kam Tin and Shek Kong and east of Tuen Mun Town, in the western New Territories of Hong Kong. This country park has an area of 54 km2.
Christine Schirrmacher
Christine Schirrmacher (May 2, 1962) is a German academic who specialises in Islamic studies. She is professor of Islamic studies at the University of Bonn and at the Evangelical Theological Faculty (ETF), Leuven.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
1997 WTA German Open – Doubles
Meredith McGrath and Larisa Savchenko were the defending champions but only Savchenko competed that year with Katrina Adams.

Adams and Savchenko lost in the semifinals to Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva.

Lindsay Davenport and Jana Novotná won in the final 6–2, 3–6, 6–2 against Fernández and Zvereva.

Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.