hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bishop of Ferns
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Ferns (Irish: Easpag Fhearna) is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Ferns in County Wexford, Ireland. In the Roman Catholic Church it remains a separate title, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with other bishoprics.

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
Israel Railways JT 42BW
The JT 42BW is a class of four axle Bo'Bo' diesel electric locomotives manufactured by Alstom's (previously by Vossloh and now by Stadler.) Meinfesa plant in Spain for Israel Railways (IR). The locomotives were the primary passenger locomotive unit used by IR through the 2000s.

Bo-Bo
Bo-Bo (Commonwealth), Bo′Bo′ (UIC), or B-B (AAR) is a wheel arrangement classification for railway locomotives with four powered axles mounted in two bogies. Each bogie has two axles, both of which are powered. This configuration is one of the most common arrangements for modern electric and diesel locomotives.
Gringley on the Hill
Gringley on the Hill, Nottinghamshire, is an English village and parish. The population of the civil parish was 699 at the 2011 census, rising to 854 in 2021. It lies on the highest point of the road from Bawtry to Gainsborough, six miles east-south-east of the former and the same distance west by north of the latter.

Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
Gainsborough (/ˈɡeɪnzbərə/) is a market town and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population was 20,842 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 23,243 in 2019. It lies on the east bank of the River Trent, 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Lincoln, 16 miles (26 km) south-west of Scunthorpe, 20 miles south-east of Doncaster and 39 miles (63 km) east of Sheffield. It is sometimes claimed to be England's furthest-inland port.
Jinghai County (Nantong)
Jinghai (Chinese: 静海; pinyin: Jìnghǎi) was a historic county that existed on the northern bank of the Yangtze River Delta in what is now the city of Nantong in Jiangsu, China.

In the 5th century CE, the sandbar of Hudouzhou emerged in the Yangtze River Delta. In the late Tang dynasty, Hudouzhou became connected to the north bank of the Yangtze River, and was named Jinghai. Jinghai Military Commission was established in the area, which was controlled by a family with the surname Yao for half a century.  The economy was based on agriculture and salt production, and a city wall was built around the main settlement.  In 958, the Later Zhou dynasty established the Tongzhou Prefecture, with Jinghai and Haimen as its subordinate counties. Jinghai was expanded as the capital of the prefecture, and eventually became known as Tongzhou. After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, prefectures were abolished and Tongzhou was renamed  Nantong.

Later Zhou
Zhou, known as the Later Zhou (/dʒoʊ/; simplified Chinese: 后周; traditional Chinese: 後周; pinyin: Hòu Zhōu) in historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty and the last of the Five Dynasties that controlled most of northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Founded by Guo Wei (Emperor Taizu), it was preceded by the Later Han dynasty and succeeded by the Northern Song dynasty.
John Burns (California politician)
John Burns (born 1840) was an Irish American sailmaker, labor leader and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1880 to 1883. He was elected to his first term as a member of the Workingmen's Party of California and to his second on a Workingmen's-Democratic Fusion ticket. He was active in his trade and the local Sailmakers' Union as late as 1890.

Electoral fusion in the United States
Electoral fusion in the United States is an arrangement where two or more United States political parties on a ballot list the same candidate, allowing that candidate to receive votes on multiple party lines in the same election.

Electoral fusion is also known as fusion voting, cross endorsement, multiple party nomination, multi-party nomination, plural nomination and ballot freedom.

Electoral fusion was once widespread in the U.S. and legal in every state. However, as of 2024, it remains legal and common only in New York and Connecticut.
Glavinitsa
Glavinitsa (Bulgarian: Главиница, pronounced [ɡɫɐˈvinit͡sɐ]; also transliterated Glavinica or Glavinitza) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Silistra Province. It is the administrative centre of Glavinitsa Municipality, which lies in the southwestern part of Silistra Province, in the historical region of Southern Dobruja. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 1,928.

Glavinitsa is located in the eastern Danubian Plain, on the road between Dulovo and Tutrakan. Its old name (until 1942) was Asvatköy. Glavinitsa was proclaimed a town on 5 September 1984.

Glavinitsa Peak on Fallières Coast in Antarctica is named after the village.

Silistra Province
43°55′N 27°10′E﻿ / ﻿43.917°N 27.167°E﻿ / 43.917; 27.167

Silistra Province (Bulgarian: Област Силистра, Oblast Silistra) is a province of Bulgaria. Formerly known as the Silistra okrug, it is located on the northeast corner of Bulgaria. The province is part of the Southern Dobrudja region, with its largest and major city being Silistra. As of 2021, the province had a population of 97,770 inhabitants, making it the second least populated in the country. It is divided into seven municipalities for administrative purposes.
Emma Wirkus
Emma Wirkus (born 11 January 1982) is an Australian former soccer player who played in the Australian Women's National Soccer League for the South Australian Sports Institute and Adelaide Sensation before playing in the W-League for Adelaide United and Perth Glory. She also played for the Australia women's national soccer team.

Women's National Soccer League
The Women's National Soccer League (WNSL) was Australia's top women's soccer league. Originally known as the Ansett Australia Summer Series for sponsorship reasons, the WNSL began in 1996 consisting of six clubs and continued through until 2004, folding alongside the National Soccer League. It was not until 2008 that a women's top flight league was re-established in Australia, named the W-League, as of the 2021–22 season renamed A-League Women.
1931 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1931 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1931 Southern Conference football season. Tulane won the Southern Conference championship. In December 2008, Sports Illustrated undertook to identify the individuals who would have been awarded the Heisman Trophy in college football's early years, before the trophy was established.  Tulane's Jerry Dalrymple was selected as the would-be Heisman winner for the 1931 season.

College Football All-Southern Team
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States.  The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions. It is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, George C. Marshall, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, and Dick Jemison.
Barriga de freira
Barriga de freira (lit. 'nun's belly') is a traditional Portuguese sweet egg yolk-based pudding. The name is an idiom on the ingredients typically found in conventual sweets made by the religious sisters at convents historically―egg yolks, sugar, and almonds. Another variation of barriga de freira is served as a turnover or empanada using the same pudding for a filling.

Barriga de Freira was created as early as the 15th or 16th century in the monasteries and convents in Lisbon. The dish was first created by the nuns in the province of Beira Litoral in the 17th century.

Pão de Ló
Pão de Ló (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɐ̃w̃ ðɨ ˈlɔ]; plural: pães de ló) is a Portuguese sponge cake made of eggs, sugar, and wheat flour. Unlike other cakes or breads, yeast or baking powder is generally not used. Rather, to provide volume, air is suspended into the cake batter during mixing.
Lubycza Królewska
Lubycza Królewska [luˈbɨt͡ʂa kruˈlɛfska] (Ukrainian: Любича Королівська, Liubycha Korolivs’ka) is a town in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lubycza Królewska. The town is located in the historical region Galicia.

The town has an approximate population of 1,800.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Bounoura
Bounoura (Arabic: بونورة, Berber: ⴰⵜ ⴱⵓⵏⵓⵔ, At-Bounour, البونور) is a town and commune in Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 35,405, up from 27,775 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. It is effectively a suburb of the provincial capital Ghardaïa.

Bounoura is also the name of one of the ksars of the pentapolis of the M'zab valley, constituting the commune of Bounoura.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Cytaeum
Cytaeum or Kytaion (Ancient Greek: Κύταιον) was a town on the north coast of ancient Crete. It is mentioned by Ptolemy, Pliny the Elder, Nonnus, and Stephanus of Byzantium. Cytaeum minted coins dated to c. 350-325 BCE with the inscription «ΚΥ».

The site of Cytaeum is tentatively located near modern Almyrida.

Nonnus
Nonnus of Panopolis (Ancient Greek: Νόννος ὁ Πανοπολίτης, Nónnos ho Panopolítēs, fl. 5th century AD) was the most notable Greek epic poet of the Imperial Roman era. He was a native of Panopolis (Akhmim) in the Egyptian Thebaid and probably lived in the 5th century AD. He is known as the composer of the Dionysiaca, an epic tale of the god Dionysus, and of the Metabole, a paraphrase of the Gospel of John. The epic Dionysiaca describes the life of Dionysus, his expedition to India, and his triumphant return. It was written in Homeric Greek and in dactylic hexameter, and it consists of 48 books at 20,426 lines.
Reginald Fox
Reginald Fox (22 December 1881, in Stoke Newington, London – 3 May 1943, in Harefield, Middlesex) was a British actor. He appeared with Louise Maurel and John Hamilton in a dramatic short film, The Whistler (released December 1926), directed by Miles Mander, and made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film system.

Harefield
Harefield is a village in the London Borough of Hillingdon, England, 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Charing Cross near Greater London's boundary with Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the north. The population at the 2011 Census was 7,399.

Harefield is near Denham, Ickenham, Northwood, Rickmansworth, Ruislip and Uxbridge. Pioneering heart surgery techniques were developed at Harefield Hospital.
Dublin Castle scandal
The Dublin Castle scandal was a controversy involving the administration of British rule in Ireland in 1884. Irish nationalists, including William O'Brien (via United Ireland), alleged homosexual orgies among the staff at Dublin Castle, the seat of the British government's administration in Ireland until 1922. Following a failed libel action, several members of the administration were convicted of participating in male homosexual acts.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Wiersma
Wiersma is a surname of West Frisian origin. It originated as a patronymic surname, "son of Wier", an old Frisian name that was a contraction of German -wig- ("battle") and -her- ("lord").  Notable people with the surname include:

Abe Wiersma (born 1994), Dutch rower

Dennis Wiersma (born 1986), Dutch politician

Femke Wiersma (born 1984), Dutch politician

Gerben Wiersma (born 1977), Dutch gymnastics coach

Harm Wiersma (born 1953), Dutch draughts player

Jan Marinus Wiersma (born 1951), Dutch politician

Jelmer Wiersma, Dutch heavy-metal guitarist

Marjolein Lips-Wiersma, New Zealand academic

Roel Wiersma (1932–1995), Dutch  footballer

Abe Wiersma
Abe Wiersma (born 14 August 1994 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch representative rower, an Olympian and an Olympic and world champion. He won his world championship in the men's quad scull at the 2019 World Rowing Championships. In the Dutch men's quad scull at Tokyo 2020 he won an Olympic gold medal and set a new world's best time for that event.
History of postcards in the United States
The history of postcards is part of the cultural history of the United States. Especially after 1900, "the postcard was wildly successful both as correspondence and collectible" and thus postcards are valuable sources for cultural historians as both a form of epistolary literature and for the bank of cultural imagery included in the postcard illustrations reflecting historic popular culture norms and tropes. Postcards are also valuable resources for scholars of architectural and regional history.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Ramesses V
Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and was the son of Ramesses IV and Duatentopet. His mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.

Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XX, alternatively 20th Dynasty or Dynasty 20) is the third and last dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1189 BC to 1077 BC. The 19th and 20th Dynasties together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period owing to the predominance of rulers with the given name "Ramesses". This dynasty is generally considered to mark the beginning of the decline of Ancient Egypt, coinciding with the Bronze Age Collapse which led to the end of the New Kingdom and the onset of the Third Intermediate Period. During the period of the Twentieth Dynasty, Ancient Egypt faced the crisis of invasions by Sea Peoples. Though the dynasty was able to successfully defend Egypt, it left the kingdom seriously crippled.
Henryk Kowalczyk
Henryk Kowalczyk (Polish: [ˈxɛnrɨk kɔˈvalt͡ʂɨk] ⓘ; born 15 July 1956) is a Polish politician and teacher, who serves as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

He was first elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005. In 2006–2007, he was secretary of state in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. From 2015 to 2018 he was a minister without portfolio in the cabinet of Beata Szydło. At the same time, he was the chair of the Standing Committee of the Council of Ministers and vice-chair of the Economic Committee of the Council of Ministers. In 2016, he was the acting Minister of State Treasury. In the years 2018–2019, he served as the Minister of the Environment in the first government of Mateusz Morawiecki. In 2021, he was designated as the Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Ministry of Environment (Poland)
Ministry of Environment  of the Republic of Poland was formed in 1973 to administer issues related to environment protection of Poland.

The ministry existed under various names since 1972. It has assumed its current name in 1999.

The last  Polish Minister of Environment was Michał Woś.
Chapel of St Fyndoca
The Chapel of St Fyndoca (alternate: Fyndoc, or Findoc) is located on the island of Inishail  in Loch Awe, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

It was the parish church of the parish of Inishail, which included some of the adjacent islands, as well as part of the mainland on each side of the loch. The church is recorded in the mid-13th century, but fell out of use in the 18th century. It is now a ruin, surrounded by a graveyard which contains medieval carved slabs and post-reformation gravestones. The parish is now served by Glenorchy Parish Church at Dalmally. The remains of the chapel and burial ground are protected as a scheduled monument.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
Sunderland, Cumbria
Sunderland is a hamlet and former civil parish, within the Lake District National Park, now in the parish of Blindcrake in the Cumberland unitary authority district of the county of Cumbria, England, historically part of Cumberland. In 1931 the parish had a population of 60.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
2014 Great Southern 4 Hour
The 2014 Great Southern 4 Hour was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 25 May 2014. It was Round 2 of the 2014 Australian Manufacturers' Championship and as such it was open to modified production touring cars complying with the technical regulations for that championship.

The race was won by Bob Pearson and Glenn Seton driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X, repeating their 2013 Great Southern 4 Hour victory.

2013 Great Southern 4 Hour
The 2013 Great Southern 4 Hour was an endurance motor race held on 26 May 2013 at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria, Australia. It was Round 1 of the 2013 Australian Manufacturers' Championship and as such it was open to "modified production touring cars" complying with the technical regulations for that championship. The race was won by Bob Pearson and Glenn Seton, driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 10.
Chlorobium limicola
Chlorobium limicola is a gram negative bacterial member of green sulfur bacteria genus found in freshwater hot springs. C. limicola is a non-motile mesophile, photoautotrophic / photosynthetic strict anaerobe important to carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles in anoxic freshwater environments. Strain DSMZ 245 T was isolated from Gilroy Hot Springs in California, and whole genome sequencing was accomplished. Believed to be morphologically diverse, it was determined that culturing techniques determine some characteristics like slime production and morphology. As a green sulfur bacteria, C. limicola fixes carbon via reverse TCA cycle reactions.

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
Knights Royal Hurdle
The Knights Royal Hurdle is a National Hunt hurdle race in England which is open to horses aged four or five years. 
It was run at Ascot over a distance of 2 miles (3,218 metres), and was scheduled to take place each year in December.

The race was first run in 1965 and was last run in 2000.

The race was initially known as the Knights Royal Hurdle, but from 1972 it was known as the S.G.B. Hire Shops Hurdle, later changed to the H.S.S. Hire Shops Hurdle.
The original name was re-adopted in 1993.

During the eighties and nineties, when it held Listed status, the race often attracted some of the best second season hurdlers.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.