hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buxton TMD
Buxton TMD was a traction maintenance depot in Buxton, Derbyshire, England. The depot was situated on the west side of the Buxton line, to the immediate north of Buxton station.

The site has subsequently been cleared by DB Schenker, the operator of heavy freight in the area.

The depot code was BX.

Buxton
Buxton is a spa town in the borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level. It lies close to Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, on the edge of the Peak District National Park. In 1974, the municipal borough merged with other nearby boroughs, including Glossop, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak.

The town population was 20,048 at the 2021 Census (down from 21,108 at the 2011 Census). Sights include Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern; St Ann's Well, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Natural Mineral Water (owned by Nestle); and many historic buildings, including John Carr's restored Buxton Crescent, Henry Currey's Buxton Baths and Frank Matcham's Buxton Opera House. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby occupies historic premises. Buxton is twinned with Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.
Ye Zhengda
Ye Zhengda (Chinese: 叶正大; 22 August 1927 – 14 December 2017) was a Chinese aircraft designer and lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army Air Force. He was also an adjunct professor and senior engineer at Northwestern Polytechnical University. He was a member of the 10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress.

Northwestern Polytechnical University
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU; 西北工业大学) is a public science and engineering university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Herd behavior
Herd behavior is the behavior of individuals in a group acting collectively without centralized direction. Herd behavior occurs in animals in herds, packs, bird flocks, fish schools, and so on, as well as in humans. Voting, demonstrations, riots, general strikes, sporting events, religious gatherings, everyday decision-making, judgement, and opinion-forming, are all forms of human-based herd behavior.

Raafat, Chater and Frith proposed an integrated approach to herding, describing two key issues, the mechanisms of transmission of thoughts or behavior between individuals and the patterns of connections between them.  They suggested that bringing together diverse theoretical approaches of herding behavior illuminates the applicability of the concept to many domains, ranging from cognitive neuroscience to economics.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Women in Burundi
Following the recommendations of a Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in 2008, Burundi ratified the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED), Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (OP-CEDAW), and the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT).

However, women are underrepresented in power structures. The phenomenon of sexual violence, particularly against women and children, is common in the country. The Initiative for Peacebuilding noted in a 2010 study on gender issues in Burundi that there is a strong correlation between areas of intense military activity and high instances of sexual violence.

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED)  is an international human rights instrument of the United Nations intended to prevent forced disappearance, which, as defined in international law, is part of crimes against humanity. The text was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2006 and opened for signature on 6 February 2007. It entered into force on 23 December 2010. As of October 2025, 98 states have signed the convention and 77 have ratified or acceded to it.
Nuria Garcia Masip
Nuria Garcia Masip (born in 1978) is a Spanish calligrapher of Arabic calligraphy. She started to learn Arabic calligraphy when she visited Morocco. In 2000, she learned Arabic calligraphy under the tutelage of calligrapher Mohamed Zakariya. Her interest in calligraphy took her to Istanbul, where she learned the various scripts and styles of Arabic calligraphy from Hasan Çelebi and Davut Bektaş. In 2007, she received a certificate in the Thuluth and Naskh scripts.

Arabic calligraphy
Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خَطّ), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.

From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development. In fact, it has been linked in Arabic culture to various fields such as religion, art, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in turn have played an important role in its advancement.

Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic or other Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, have made use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic calligraphy in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
Aslı Çakır Alptekin
Aslı Çakır Alptekin, née Aslı Çakır, (born 20 August 1985 in Antalya) is a Turkish former female middle-distance runner. A member of the Üsküdar Belediyespor in Istanbul, she is coached by her husband, runner Ihsan Alptekin. She was banned for life from competition in 2017 for repeated doping offenses.

Court of Arbitration for Sport
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; French: Tribunal arbitral du sport, TAS) is an international body established in 1984 to settle disputes related to sport through arbitration. Its headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its courts are located in New York City, Sydney, and Lausanne. Temporary courts are established in current Olympic host cities.

The International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) was established simultaneously, and a single president presides over both bodies. The ICAS, which has a membership of 20 individuals, is responsible for the financing of and financial reporting by the CAS, and it appoints the Director-General of the CAS.
1962 French Championships (tennis)
The 1962 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 21 May until 2 June. It was the 61st staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1962. Rod Laver and Margaret Smith won the singles titles.

Lesley Turner Bowrey
Lesley Rosemary Turner Bowrey, AM (née Turner; born 16 August 1942) is a retired professional tennis player from Australia. Her career spanned two decades from the late 1950s until the late 1970s. Turner Bowrey won the singles title at the French Championships, one of the four Grand Slam events, in 1963 and 1965. In addition she won 11 Grand Slam events in doubles and mixed doubles. Turner Bowrey achieved her highest singles ranking of No. 2 in 1964.
Wilhelm Hort
Wilhelm Karl Konrad Siegmund Adam Hort (20 March 1878 in Madelungen, now part of Eisenach – 2 June 1938 in Berlin) was a German physicist.

He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Jena, mechanical and electrical engineering at the Technical University of Braunschweig, then completed his studies at the University of Göttingen, where he received a doctorate in physics (1904). In 1917 he received his habilitation at Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) and in 1923 obtained the title of professor.

In 1928, he became head of the department of mechanics at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut für Schwingungsforschung (Heinrich Hertz Institute of Oscillation Research) in Berlin, and in 1931 returned to TU Berlin as chair of Mechanische Schwingungslehre (mechanical oscillations theory). In 1919, with Georg Gehlhoff, he founded the Deutsche Gesellschaft für technische Physik (German Society for Technical Physics).

Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (/hɜːrts/ hurts; German: [hɛʁts] ⓘ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves proposed by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
Racelogic
RACELOGIC Ltd is a technology company based in Buckingham, United Kingdom.

The company specialise in the development of GPS, CAN-bus, Inertial and video based equipment, designing applications for use in vehicle testing, motorsport, marine, defence, film, and GNSS device testing.

RACELOGIC manufacture GPS data loggers, GNSS simulators, in-car video systems and indoor positioning systems.

The company employs more than 100 staff at its head office in the UK and satellite offices in Germany and the USA.

CAN bus
A controller area network (CAN) is a vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs). Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts, such as 3D printing. This broadcast-based, message-oriented protocol ensures data integrity and prioritization through a process called arbitration, allowing the highest priority device to continue transmitting if multiple devices attempt to send data simultaneously, while others back off. Its reliability is enhanced by differential signaling, which mitigates electrical noise. Common versions of the CAN protocol include CAN 2.0, CAN FD, and CAN XL which vary in their data rate capabilities and maximum data payload sizes.
Magellan Planet Search Program
The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in December 2002 using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Magellan II "Clay" telescope located within the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.
In 2010, the program began using the newly commissioned Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), an instrument purpose-built for precise radial velocity measurement.

Magellan Telescopes
The Magellan Telescopes are a pair of 6.5-metre-diameter (21 ft) optical telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The two telescopes are named after the astronomer Walter Baade and the philanthropist Landon T. Clay. First light for the telescopes was on September 15, 2000 for the Baade, and September 7, 2002 for the Clay. A consortium consisting of the Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Arizona, Harvard University, the University of Michigan and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology built and operate the twin telescopes. The telescopes were named after the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is an extremely large telescope under construction, as part of the US Extremely Large Telescope Program.
Romanian Canadians
Romanian Canadians (French: Canadiens d'origine roumaine; Romanian: Canadieni români)  are Canadian citizens of Romanian descent or Romania-born people who reside in Canada.

According to the 2021 Canadian census, there are 215,885 Romanian-Canadians.

Val-David
Val-David is a village of more than 5,200 inhabitants in the Laurentian Mountains about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Attracting about 100,000 tourists a year, Val-David is predominantly francophone although it has a small anglophone minority.

The village is famous for its delicious and diverse food scene as well for its artistic and hippie character. Many renowned and amateur artists, writers and dancers live and have lived in Val-David, notably Québécois poet Gaston Miron, jazz bassist Charlie Biddle, and singer-songwriter Alan Gerber.

Val-David is also a centre for much outdoor recreational activity as its 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) Parc Dufresne is the most popular rock-climbing destination in eastern Canada. Also, the Parc Linéaire Le P'tit Train du Nord, a 200 kilometres (120 mi) bike trail, and groomed cross-country ski and snowshoe trails in Winter, run throughout the town's splendid nature.
Phosphorine
Phosphorine (IUPAC name: phosphinine) is a heavier element analog of pyridine, containing a phosphorus atom instead of an aza- moiety. It is also called phosphabenzene and belongs to the phosphaalkene class. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly of interest in research.

Phosphorine is an air-sensitive oil but is otherwise stable when handled using air-free techniques (however, substituted derivatives can often be handled under air without risk of decomposition). In contrast, silabenzene, a related heavy-element analogue of benzene, is not only air- and moisture-sensitive but also thermally unstable without extensive steric protection.

Aza-
The prefix aza- is used in organic chemistry to form names of organic compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom. The related term "deaza-" refers to when a nitrogen is removed and, usually, a carbon atom is put in its place. Sometimes a number between hyphens is inserted before it to state which atom the nitrogen atom replaces. It arose by shortening the word azote, which is an obsolete name for nitrogen in the English language and occurs in current French usage (azote), meaning "nitrogen".

This prefix is part of the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature.

While the above figure gives examples of 4-aza steroids, 6-aza steroids have also been developed by GSK, although none of these compounds, as yet, are available for sale commercially.
Gold chloride
Gold chloride can refer to:

Gold(I) chloride (gold monochloride), AuCl

Gold(I,III) chloride (gold dichloride, tetragold octachloride), Au4Cl8

Gold(III) chloride (gold trichloride, digold hexachloride), Au2Cl6

Chloroauric acid, HAuCl4 (brown gold chloride); or its sodium salt, sodium tetrachloroaurate, NaAuCl4 (gold chloride, sodium gold chloride, yellow gold chloride), used as a histological stain

Chloroauric acid
Chloroauric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H[AuCl4]. It forms hydrates H[AuCl4]·nH2O. Both the trihydrate and tetrahydrate are known. Both are orange-yellow solids consisting of the planar [AuCl4]− anion. Often chloroauric acid is handled as a solution, such as those obtained by dissolution of gold in aqua regia. These solutions can be converted to other gold complexes or reduced to metallic gold or gold nanoparticles.
Rio Cortez
Rio Cortez is an American poet, children's book author, and essayist, best known for her children's book The ABCs of Black History (2020), and her poetry collection Golden Ax (2022), which was shortlisted for the 2022 National Book Award for Poetry, the PEN America Open Book Award, and the Norma Farber First Book Award.

Norma Farber First Book Award
The Norma Farber First Book Award is given by the Poetry Society of America "for a first book of original poetry written by an American and published in either a hard or soft cover in a standard edition during the calendar year".

The award was established by the family and friends of the poet and children's book author Norma Farber. The award comes with a $500 prize.
Dziedziule
Dziedziule [d͡ʑɛˈd͡ʑulɛ] (Lithuanian: Didžiuliai) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puńsk, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

In 1881 the Village had a population of 107 residents with 8 residential houses.

Sejny County
Sejny County (Polish: powiat sejneński) a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, in the extreme north-east of Poland, on the border with Lithuania and Belarus. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Sejny, which lies 112 kilometres (70 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The county covers an area of 856.07 square kilometres (330.5 sq mi). 
As of 2019 its total population was 20,002, with Lithuanians comprising 20.2% (4,271) of the inhabitants.
Oreste Mattirolo
Oreste Mattirolo (7 December 1856, in Turin – 3 December 1947, in Turin) was an Italian botanist and mycologist, who specialized in hypogeal fungi.

He studied medicine and sciences at the University of Turin, and from 1879, continued his education at the University of Strasbourg as a pupil of Heinrich Anton de Bary. In 1894 he became an associate professor at the University of Bologna, where he attained a full professorship during the following year. Later on, he served as a professor of botany and director of the botanical gardens at the universities of Florence (1898–1900) and Turin (1900–37).

The mycological genera Mattirolia (Berl. & Bres., 1889) and Mattirolomyces (E.Fisch., 1938) commemorate his name.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Berazategui Partido
Berazategui is a partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. With an area of 188 km2 (73 sq mi) and a population of 320,224 (2010 census [INDEC]), it is at the southeast of the Greater Buenos Aires urban conglomerate, and its capital is Berazategui city.

It was part of the Quilmes Partido until 1960.

The majority of the population are concentrated in the city of Berazategui, which has an important commercial district with a pedestrian centre.

Berazategui is also home to Asociación Deportiva Berazategui, a football club that play in the regionalised 4th division of Argentine football.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Olymel
Olymel is a Canadian meat packing food processing company, a producer of pork and poultry products, based in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.  The company's majority shareholder is Sollio Cooperative Group, previously La Coop fédérée, Canada's largest co-operative company.

It employs more than 10,000 people and exports its products to more than 60 countries.  The products are sold under the Olymel, Lafleur, Flamingo, Prince, Galco and La Fernandière brands.

In 2006–2007, the company had a labor dispute with the CSN union.

In 2019, China suspended the meat export permits of Olymel, which affected the company's processing plant in Red Deer, Alberta. According to the Canadian Pork Council, it was caused by mislabelling.

In 2021, there was another labour dispute.

Pork
Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (Sus domesticus). It is the second most commonly consumed type of meat worldwide, following poultry, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE.

Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham, gammon, bacon, and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.

Pork is one of the most popular meats in the Western world, particularly in Central Europe. It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia (Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines, especially in China (including Hong Kong) and Northeast India, for its fat content and texture.

Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably Islam and Judaism.
2017 Abu Kamal offensive
The 2017 Abu Kamal offensive, codenamed Operation Fajr-3 (translated Operation Dawn 3), was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army and its allies against members of the Islamic State (IS) in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. The aim of the offensive was to capture IS's last urban stronghold in Syria, the border town of Abu Kamal. This offensive was a part of the larger Eastern Syria campaign.

The offensive took place at the same time as the Western Iraq campaign, which was aimed at recapturing the IS-held border town of Al-Qa'im and the rest of western Iraq.

2017 Western Iraq campaign
The 2017 Western Iraq campaign was the final military operation of the 2013–2017 war in Iraq, in the western province of Anbar, and on the border with Syria, with the goal of completely expelling IS forces from their last strongholds in Iraq.

The offensive followed the Hawija offensive by the Iraqi Government, and was also concurrent with several major offensives in Syria: the Syrian Democratic Forces' Deir ez-Zor offensive, and the Syrian Government's Battle of Deir ez-Zor and Eastern Syria campaign on the opposite side of the Al-Qa'im border crossing.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, 
Dionýsios Alexándrou Halikarnasseús, ''Dionysios (son of Alexandros) of Halikarnassos''; c.  60 BC – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary style was atticistic – imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime.

He is known for his work Rhōmaikē Archaiologia (Roman Antiquities), which describes the history of Rome from its beginnings until the outbreak of the First Punic War in 264 BC. Out of twenty books, only the first nine have survived. Dionysius's opinion of the necessity of a promotion of paideia within education, from true knowledge of classical sources, endured for centuries in a form integral to the identity of the Greek elite.

Hellenic historiography
Hellenic, Greek, or ancient Greek historiography involves efforts made by the Ancient Greeks to track and record historical events. By the 5th century BC, it became an integral part of ancient Greek literature and held a prestigious place in later Roman historiography and Byzantine literature.