hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murder of Jiang Ge
The murder of Jiang Ge occurred in Nakano, Tokyo, Japan, on 3 November 2016. Jiang Ge, a 24-year-old graduate student from China at Hosei University, was stabbed to death by Chen Shifeng, a 25-year-old Chinese national, just outside her apartment. The case was controversial in China after it was discovered that Jiang's roommate Liu Xin, who initially claimed that she did not know the identity of the murderer, was the murderer's ex-girlfriend. It later emerged that, before the murder, Liu asked Jiang to accompany her home as she was afraid of Chen. When Chen appeared, she entered the apartment before Jiang, locked the door behind her, and called the police. Liu was heavily criticised in the Chinese media for failing to assist Jiang.

Hosei University
Hosei University (法政大学, Hōsei Daigaku; lit. University of Law and Politics) formerly known as Tokyo University of Law (東京法学社, Tokyo Hogakusha) is a research university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Hosei University and four other private universities in Tokyo are collectively known as MARCH.

The university is also a member of the Tokyo Big6 (東京六大学, Tokyo Roku Daigaku), which refers to six universities in Tokyo known for their historic rivalry in baseball. The Tokyo Big6 Baseball League was established in 1925. The league is known for players who go on to have careers in Japan's professional baseball leagues.

Hosei University is a member of the Top Global University Project (Top Type), funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in 2014. This program supports universities aiming to enhance their global competitiveness and internationalization.
Brett O'Hanlon
Brett O'Hanlon (born 17 July 1993) is an Australian rules footballer currently playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

O'Hanlon was drafted from the Dandenong Stingrays in the TAC Cup with the ninth selection in the 2012 AFL Preseason Draft.

He made his AFL debut for Richmond against Fremantle in Round 11 of the 2012 AFL season as the substitute player, replacing Ben Griffiths at three-quarter time.
O'Hanlon played the 2021 VFL Season for the Frankston Football Club.

Frankston Football Club
The Frankston Football Club, nicknamed the Dolphins, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Frankston. The club was formed in 1887 and has played in the Victorian Football League (VFL), formerly the Victorian Football Association (VFA), almost continuously since 1966.

Frankston also has a senior women's team in Division 1 of the Mornington Peninsula Football Netball League (MPFNL), with a reserves women's team that will compete in the MPFNL's Division 2 in 2025.
Chereninup Creek Reserve
Chereninup Creek Reserve is an 8.77 square kilometres (3 sq mi) nature reserve in south-west Western Australia.  It is 340 kilometres (211 mi) west of Esperance, 140 km (87 mi) north-east of Albany and 430 km (270 mi) south-east of Perth.  It is located between the Stirling Range National Park and the Fitzgerald River National Park, on the southern edge of the Wheatbelt, and is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which it was purchased in 2003, and forms part of BHA's Gondwana Link project.

Stirling Range National Park
Stirling Range National Park  is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately 337 kilometres (209 mi) south-east of Perth.

There is also an eponymous locality, stretching across the shires of Cranbrook, Gnowangerup and Plantagenet, but the boundaries of the national park and the locality are not identical.
Robert R. Edelman
Robert R. Edelman is an American radiologist.

Edelman earned a bachelor's degree in molecular biology and biochemistry at Yale University and completed his medical studies at the Boston University School of Medicine. He then pursued an internship at New York University Medical Center, followed by a residency in radiology at Beth Israel Hospital and a fellowship in radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Edelman is the William B. Graham Chairman of Diagnostic Radiology at NorthShore University HealthSystem, and a clinical professor of radiology at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine.

NYU Langone Health
NYU Langone Health is an integrated academic health system located in New York City, New York, United States. The health system consists of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, both part of New York University (NYU), and more than 320 locations throughout the New York City Region and in Florida, including seven inpatient facilities: Tisch Hospital; Kimmel Pavilion; NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital; NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn; NYU Langone Hospital — Long Island; and NYU Langone Hospital — Suffolk. It is also home to Rusk Rehabilitation. NYU Langone Health is one of the largest healthcare systems in the Northeast, with more than 53,000 employees.

In 2025, NYU Langone Health’s revenue was more than $15.4 billion, including more than $5.5 billion in philanthropy since 2007.
Olyokma
The Olyokma (Russian: Олёкма, Olyokma, IPA: [ɐˈlʲɵkmə]; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ, Ölüöxüme) is a tributary of the Lena in eastern Siberia.

The river gives its name to the Olyokma-Chara Plateau, located to the west of its western bank.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Jacobsite
Jacobsite is a manganese iron oxide mineral. It is in the spinel group and forms a solid solution series with magnetite. The chemical formula is (Mn,Mg)Fe2O4 or with oxidation states and substitutions: 
(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4.

It occurs as a primary phase or as alteration of other manganese minerals during metamorphism of manganese deposits. Typical associated minerals include hausmannite, galaxite, braunite, pyrolusite, coronadite, hematite and magnetite. It is a ferrimagnetic substance, which is weakly attracted by a magnet.

It was first described in  1869 and named for the Jakobsberg Mine, Nordmark, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden.

Värmland
Värmland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvæ̌rmland] ⓘ) is a landskap (historical province) in west-central Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Dalsland, Dalarna, Västmanland, and Närke, and is bounded by Norway in the west.
FC Barcelona Rugby
Futbol Club Barcelona Rugby is a Catalan Spanish rugby union club. The senior team currently plays in División de Honor, the premier level of Spanish rugby union. Formed in 1924, the club is a member of the FC Barcelona family. The club currently plays its home games in La Teixonera.

Before the Spanish Civil War,  the club won the Spain Championship on three occasions and the Catalonia Championship seven times. During the 1940s and 1950s Barcelona was one of the strongest rugby clubs in Spain, winning a further 10 Spanish championships. In 1953 and 1954 they won the first Spanish league titles.

Les Corts (district)
Les Corts (Catalan pronunciation: [ləs ˈkoɾts]) is one of the ten districts of the city of Barcelona in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. It was a free territory tied to the crown, and became the autonomous municipality of Les Corts de Sarrià in 1836. In 1897, it was added to Barcelona, and was marked as district number four in the current demarcation in 1984.

Extending over a land area of 6.02 km2 (2.32 sq mi), it is the third smallest district in Barcelona after Ciutat Vella and Gràcia. It is located in the western part of the city, bordered by the districts of Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, Eixample, and Sants-Montjuïc, and the municipalities of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat and Esplugues de Llobregat in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. It had a population of 81,577 inhabitants in 2021, making it the least populous district of the city.
Mason Aircraft Company
Mason Aircraft Company was an American aircraft manufacturer of the late 1920s and 1930s.

Mason Aircraft Company was founded by Monty G. Mason of Los Angeles, California.  Mason modified a 1928 custom aircraft built by students of the California Polytechnic State University into an aerial broadcasting booth for NBC with the call sign KHRCX. The aircraft was also equipped with fuel tanks for a 1934 non-stop aerial refueling record attempt. On 29 April 1934, the aircraft crashed in a landing accident at Long Beach, California

In 1936, Mason Aircraft bought the Vance Flying Wing at Auction for $2500. Monty Mason and Clyde Pangborn planned on using the aircraft for a Dallas, Texas to Moscow Flight.

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, outside of the city limits of San Luis Obispo. Founded in 1901, it is the oldest of three polytechnic universities within the California State University system.  Cal Poly emphasizes a "learn by doing" philosophy, integrating hands-on, practical experiences into its curriculum. As of fall 2025, Cal Poly had approximately 22,000 undergraduate and 900 graduate students.

The university is home to several programs, including in engineering, architecture, and business.  Most of the university's athletic teams participate in the Big West Conference.
Novigrad Sea
Novigrad Sea., or Novegradi Sea, or Novigradi Sea (in Croatian Novigradsko more) is an inland sea at the end of the Velebit Channel, in northern Dalmatia, Croatia. It is located east of the city of Zadar.

Military Geographic Institute (Italy)
43°46′38″N 11°15′36″E﻿ / ﻿43.777323°N 11.260037°E﻿ / 43.777323; 11.260037

The Military Geographic Institute (Italian: Istituto Geografico Militare, IGM) is an Italian public organization, dependent on the Italian Army general staff (Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito). It is the national mapping agency for Italy.
Ellsworth–Federal station
Ellsworth–Federal station is a subway station on the SEPTA Metro B in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The station opened on September 18, 1938, and is located at the western edge of the Italian Market on Broad Street, between Ellsworth and Federal Streets. It is also close to the Washington Avenue Historic District. It is served by Broad Street Line local trains only, with one platform.

In addition to the Italian Market, the station also provides access to busy Washington Avenue (one block north of the Ellsworth exit) and, approximately five blocks east, the landmark competing cheesesteak vendors Geno's Steaks and Pat's King of Steaks.

Pat's King of Steaks
Pat's King of Steaks (also known as Pat's Steaks) is a restaurant that specializes in cheesesteaks. It is located at the intersection of South 9th Street, Wharton Street and East Passyunk Avenue in the Passyunk Square section of South Philadelphia, directly across the street from rival Geno's Steaks.

It was founded in 1930 by Italian American brothers Pat and Harry Olivieri, who are credited with the invention of the cheesesteak.
Redonda Rock
Redonda Rock (Spanish: Roca Redonda, "Round Rock") is a flat-topped, steep-sided islet located roughly 25 km (16 mi) northwest of the island of Isabela in Ecuador's Galápagos Islands. Redonda measures 100 m (330 ft) long and 50 m (160 ft) wide with a maximum elevation of 67 m (220 ft). Its isolation and inaccessibility coupled with its rocky cliffs riddled with crevices and crossed by ledges has made Redonda a haven for nesting seabirds.

This small volcanic island is the remains of a large shield volcano that has vastly eroded away below sea level. Potassium–argon dating of Redonda indicates that the islet is at least 53,000 years old. However, it remains unknown when the last eruption occurred from the shield volcano. Several shallow submarine fumaroles exist around the island and may indicate that the volcano is still active. Herman Melville described the rock in detail in his short story The Encantadas.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Ray Campbell
Raymond Campbell (born 4 April 1967) is a Northern Irish professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation events.

Campbell won a two-year PDC Tour Card on the third day of 2016 Q-School. He made his European Tour debut at the 2017 European Darts Open, losing 6–2 to John Henderson in the first round.

Campbell was only able to pick up £2,750 on the PDC Order of Merit over his two-year card and lost it after the 2017 season. Campbell attempted to regain his tour card at Q-School in 2018 and 2020.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Compact Muon Solenoid
46°18′34″N 6°4′37″E﻿ / ﻿46.30944°N 6.07694°E﻿ / 46.30944; 6.07694

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is one of two large general-purpose particle physics detectors built on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland and France. The goal of the CMS experiment is to investigate a wide range of physics, including the search for the Higgs boson, extra dimensions, and particles that could make up dark matter.

CMS is 21 metres long, 15 m in diameter, and weighs about 14,000 tonnes. Over 4,000 people, representing 206 scientific institutes and 47 countries, form the CMS collaboration who built and now operate the detector.  It is located in a cavern at Cessy in France, just across the border from Geneva. In July 2012, along with ATLAS, CMS tentatively discovered the Higgs boson. 
By March 2013 its existence was confirmed.

Gautier Hamel de Monchenault is the spokesperson for the CMS collaboration since 2024.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Grändalssjön
Grändalssjön (Swedish for "Lake of Grändalen") is a small lake in Tyresö Municipality south-east of central Stockholm, Sweden.

Grändalssjön, one of the lakes within the Tyresån Lake System, empties in its eastern end into a southbound bay of lake Albysjön located north of it.  Immediately north of Grändalssjön is the Raksta open-air area, and Övre kärret ("Upper Swamp"), a swampy lake, is located west of the lake.  Two small cottages located nearby, Grändalen and Skansen, are part of Gamla Tyresö.

The lake is popular for bathing and fishing.  Motorboats are not allowed on the lake.  It is virtually unaffected by eutrophication and human activities.  It consequently has moderate levels of nutrients.

The stock of crayfishes is undocumented, but fishing using a maximum of ten tools is allowed with a fishing license.  Aquatic vegetation is dominated by Fragile Stonewort.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
(−)-alpha-pinene synthase
(−)-α-Pinene synthase (EC 4.2.3.119, (−)-α-pinene/(−)-camphene synthase, (−)-α-pinene cyclase) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (−)-α-pinene-forming]. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

geranyl diphosphate  (−)-α-pinene + diphosphate

Cyclase II of Salvia officinalis (sage) gives about equal parts (−)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene and (−)-camphene.

Α-Pinene
α-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class.  It is one of the two isomers of pinene, the other being β-pinene. An alkene, it contains a strained four-membered ring. It is found in the oils of many species of coniferous trees, notably Pinus and Picea species. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Satureja myrtifolia (also known as Zoufa in some regions). Both enantiomers are known in nature; (1S,5S)- or (−)-α-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the (1R,5R)- or (+)-α-isomer is more common in North America. The enantiomers' racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil and orange peel oil.
Heart of Darkness (Once Upon a Time)
"Heart of Darkness" is the 16th episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time, which aired in the United States on ABC on March 18, 2012.

The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the "real world" town by a powerful curse.

In this episode, Mary Margaret hires Mr. Gold as her attorney; and David tries to find out the truth. In flashbacks, Charming must stop Snow from killing the queen.

It was co-written by Ian B. Goldberg and Andrew Chambliss, while Dean White directed.

Raphael Sbarge
Raphael Sbarge (born February 12, 1964) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Jake Straka in The Guardian (2001–04), Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archibald Hopper in Once Upon a Time (2011–18) and Inspector David Molk in the TNT series Murder in the First (2014–16). He is also known for voicing Carth Onasi in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (2003), RC-1262 / "Scorch" in Star Wars: Republic Commando (2005) and Kaidan Alenko in the Mass Effect trilogy (2007–12).
Azy (orangutan)
Azy (pronounced AY-zee), is a male hybrid orangutan. He was born on December 14, 1977, at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. He was transferred to the Albuquerque Zoo in 1978, and returned to the National Zoo in 1980.

In 1995, Azy began living at the Think Tank building and participating in the Zoo's Orangutan Language Project with Rob Shumaker. On September 28, 2004, Azy was moved to the Great Ape Trust of Iowa.

In 2010, he was moved to the Indianapolis Zoo where he resides with five other orangutans from the Great Ape Trust, where Shumaker serves as President of Indianapolis Zoo. In 2014, Azy was said to be the leader of the pack, weighing 113.3 kg (250 lb), standing 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in) tall and with arms spanning over 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in).

Hybrid orangutan
A hybrid orangutan or cocktail orangutan is usually an orangutan derived from interbreeding between any of the three Orangutan species: Bornean (Pongo pygmaeus), Sumatran (Pongo abelii) and Tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis), but the term "hybrid orangutan" could also refer to hybrids of the three known Bornean subspecies. As of 2015, there are approximately 134 living  Bornean x Sumatran hybrid orangutans in captivity.
1950 Franklin & Marshall Diplomats football team
The 1950 Franklin & Marshall Diplomats football team was an American football team that represented Franklin & Marshall College as an independent during the 1950 college football season. It played its home games at Williamson Field in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

During the team's third season under head coach S. Woodrow Sponaugle, the Diplomats compiled a 9–0 record. It was the first perfect season in the school's history. Additional perfect seasons followed in 1964, 1972, and 1974.

Franklin & Marshall's Charles Cope was selected as the center on the 1950 Little All-America college football team.

1950 Little All-America college football team
The 1950 Little All-America college football team is composed of college football players from small colleges and universities who were selected by the Associated Press (AP) as the best players at each position. For 1950, the AP selected first and second teams.
Okumura Toshinobu
Okumura Toshinobu (奥村 利信, birth and death dates unknown) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist.  He is the only known student of Okumura Masanobu; many of his works nonetheless appeared from publishers other than Masanobu.

The majority of Toshinobu's works come from the Genbun era (1716–1741), and are mostly prints in the beni-e ("red picture[s]") and urushi-e ("lacquer picture[s]") styles.  Many of his works depict people selling things.  Toshinobu also made yakusha-e portraits of kabuki actors; in contrast to the Torii school, rather than heroics, Toshionobu tended to depict scenes of romance.

Urushi-e
Urushi-e (漆絵 "lacquer picture[s]") refers to three different techniques in Japanese art. Though urushi-e is most associated with woodblock, the term urushi-e is not exclusive to that medium. It can also refer to pictures using lacquer as a paint on three-dimensional lacquered objects; and paintings using actual lacquer on paper or occasionally silk.
Decree of Canopus
The Decree of Canopus is a trilingual inscription in three scripts, which dates from the Ptolemaic period of ancient Egypt. It was written in three writing systems: Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic, and koine Greek, on several ancient Egyptian memorial stones, or steles. The inscription is a record of a great assembly of priests held at Canopus, Egypt, on 7 Appellaios (Mac.) = 17 Tybi (Eg.) year 9 of Ptolemy III = Thursday 7 March 238 BC (proleptic Julian calendar). Their decree honoured Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes; Queen Berenice, his wife; and Princess Berenice.

Demotic (Egyptian)
Demotic (from Ancient Greek: δημοτικός dēmotikós, 'popular') is the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta. The term was first used by the Greek historian Herodotus to distinguish it from hieratic and hieroglyphic scripts.