hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Concertación municipal primaries
The Concertación primaries for Chile's 2012 municipal elections were held nationwide on 1 April 2012. Around 313,000 people voted across 142 communes, selecting 142 candidates from 335 pre-candidates to represent the coalition.

Following the Concertación's defeat in the 2009–2010 presidential election, the coalition's primaries were described as "defective and restricted." The coalition later set a date for municipal primaries to select its candidates for the October 2012 elections.

In the Santiago Metropolitan Region commune of Providencia, the Concertación primaries were delayed until 13 May, with three candidates participating. Josefa Errázuriz was ultimately chosen to challenge incumbent mayor Cristián Labbé in the October elections.

Providencia, Chile
Providencia (Spanish pronunciation: [pɾoβiˈðensja], Spanish: "providence") is a commune of Chile located in Santiago City. It is bordered by the communes of Santiago to the west, Recoleta to the northwest, Las Condes and Vitacura to the northeast, La Reina to the east, and Ñuñoa to the south. It belongs to the Northeastern zone of Santiago de Chile.

Providencia is home to a large upper-middle to upper-class population and it holds the region's highest percentage of population over 60 (22%). It contains many high-rise apartment buildings as well as a significant portion of Santiago's commerce. It is notable for its large, old, and elegant houses, once inhabited by the Santiago elite and now mostly used as offices. The municipality is also home to many embassies, including Canada, Poland, Hungary, Italy, France, Egypt, Russia, Japan, China, and Uruguay. Providencia has one of the highest human development indexes of any city in Latin America.
Frederick John Thompson
Frederick John Thompson (May 21, 1935 – July 7, 2010) was a commercial fisherman, trapper and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Athabasca from 1975 to 1995 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.

He was born in Big River, Saskatchewan and later moved to Buffalo Narrows, where he fished, trapped and operated a mink ranch. He was a three-time Saskatchewan boxing champion and coached hockey, baseball and gymnastics. Later in life, Thompson was a professional golf instructor.

He served in the Saskatchewan cabinet as Minister of Economic Development. Thompson was defeated by Buckley Belanger when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1995.

He died on July 7, 2010 in Saskatoon.

Buffalo Narrows
Buffalo Narrows (Plains Cree: ᒧᐢᑐᓱ ᐘᐹᓯᕽ, romanized: mostoso-wapâsihk) is a northern village in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is a community of 1,110 people. Located at the "Narrows" between Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, tourism and resource extraction (logging, fishing) are its main economic activities.
Crowther Seth
Crowther Seth (born 15 December 1954) is a Nigerian politician who served as deputy governor of Adamawa State from 2019 to 2023. He previously served as the chairman of Lamurde Local Government Area of Adamawa State and as commissioner for the Ministry of Chieftaincy Affairs in Adamawa. Seth was a legal adviser to the Peoples Democratic Party prior to his nomination and election as deputy governor.

Deputy governor of Adamawa State
The deputy governor of Adamawa State is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Adamawa State, Nigeria, after the governor of Adamawa State, and ranks first in line of succession. The deputy governor is directly elected together with the governor to a four-year term of office.

Kaletapwa Farauta is the current deputy governor, having assumed office on 29 May 2023. She is the first female occupant of the office.
Operation Torch order of battle
Operation Torch was the Allied invasion of French North Africa between 8 and 16 November 1942 during World War II. It was intended to distract the Axis forces from the Eastern front and thereby relieve the Soviet Union of the pressure it was facing to fight them. The invasion led to Oran's surrender on 10 November and France's agreement to an armistice with the Allies. Involved were British and American forces, organized into the Western, Central and Eastern task forces, which landed on beaches near Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers, respectively.

French North Africa
French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française; Arabic: شمال إفريقيا الفرنسية) is a term that is often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the Maghreb region of North Africa during the colonial era, comprising Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right, French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately-governed territories, which had different forms of colonial regime.
Maria Zaharescu
Maria-Magdalena Zaharescu (born 1938) is a Romanian chemist, specializing in the physical chemistry of oxide systems.

Zaharescu was a Senior Researcher and Head of Department at the Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. In 2001, she was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and became a full member in June 2015. On December 1, 2017, she was awarded a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania.

She was one of the 100 women scientists featured in "Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles"   by Lynnette Madsen (2016).

Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.
Veniam
Veniam was a technology startup focused on building large WiFi mesh networks using moving vehicles like city buses or taxis.
The company is headquartered in Mountain View, California and was founded in 2012. The Company received 4.9 million dollars in 2014 in a funding round from True Ventures, USV and Cane Investments. Veniam's technology is being used in Porto's city buses with about 230,000 users with onboard units (OBUs) installed on over 600 buses, taxis and garbage trucks.  They aim to equip many moving things with wireless hotspots creating a mesh that could be used to build sensors to turn the city smarter.Each vehicle is equipped with a NetRider, a multi network unit with Wi-Fi (802.11p), DSRC, GPS and 4G/LTE connectivity. Veniam was acquired by Nexar in 2022.

Dedicated short-range communications
Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) is a technology for direct wireless exchange of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and other intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data between vehicles, other road users (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.), and roadside infrastructure (traffic signals, electronic message signs, etc.). DSRC, which can be used for both one- and two-way data exchanges, uses channels in the licensed 5.9 GHz band. DSRC is based on IEEE 802.11p.
The City and the Dogs
The City and the Dogs (Spanish: La ciudad y los perros) is a 1985 Peruvian drama film directed by Francisco José Lombardi. It is based on The Time of the Hero, a 1963 novel by Nobel Prize laureate Mario Vargas Llosa, which tells the story of a group of young military cadets at the Leoncio Prado Military Academy in Lima.

The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Leoncio Prado Military Academy
The Leoncio Prado Military Academy (Spanish: Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado) is a Peruvian educational institution founded on 27 August 1943 by President of the Republic Manuel Prado Ugarteche and Secretary of Education Elías La Rosa.

The academy came to worldwide notice as the setting of the novel The Time of the Hero by the Peruvian writer and Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa. A military-style high school with boarding facilities, it serves as both a military high school and the preparatory school for potential officers of the Peruvian Armed Forces, who make up most of its alumni.
Carnevalsbilder
Carnevalsbilder (Carnival Pictures), opus 357, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. The waltz is based on melodies from Strauss' operetta Der Karneval in Rom. Strauss conducted its first performance in Vienna on 9 July 1873. Oscar Straus later arranged the second waltz theme of Carnevalsbilder for his operetta Drei Walzer (Three Waltzes) as the soprano aria "Ich liebe das Leben" (better known in its French version, "Je t'aime)".

Waltz
The waltz (from German  Walzer [ˈvaltsɐ] ⓘ, meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom and folk dance, in triple ( 34 ) time, performed primarily in closed position. Along with the ländler and allemande, the waltz was sometimes referred to by the generic term German Dance in publications during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Negative consequentialism
Negative consequentialism is a version of consequentialism, which is "one of the major theories of normative ethics." Like other versions of consequentialism, negative consequentialism holds that moral right and wrong depend only on the value of outcomes. That is, for negative and other versions of consequentialism, questions such as "what should I do?" and "what kind of person should I be?" are answered only based on consequences. Negative consequentialism differs from other versions of consequentialism by giving greater weight in moral deliberations to what is bad (e.g. suffering or injustice) than what is good (e.g. happiness or justice). Due to this, it can be considered an instance of what has been called "suffering-focused ethics", the view that the reduction of suffering has moral priority over any other possible duties we may think of.

Eradication of suffering
The eradication of suffering or abolition of suffering is a proposed goal within biotechnology and ethics to eliminate involuntary pain and suffering in all sentient beings. The concept involves using advanced techniques in genetic engineering, neuroscience, and pharmacology to mitigate or prevent negative experiences, with the long-term aim of replacing suffering with states of well-being. It is associated with strands of transhumanism, utilitarianism, and animal welfare ethics that advocate for the use of science and technology to reduce or abolish suffering on a global or species-wide scale.
Return of results
Return of results is a concept in research ethics which describes the extent of the duty of a researcher to reveal and explain the results of research to a research participant.

Return of results is particularly discussed in the field of biobanks, where a typical case would be that many members of a community donate biobank specimens for medical research. In the course of the research, especially in human genomics research, scientists may discover personal health information which could influence the behavior of specimen donors if they had this information. For different cases, there are arguments for and against revealing study information to participants and in many cases the morally correct choice is not self-evident.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
August 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 16 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 18

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 30 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 17, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 4.

Paisius Velichkovsky
Paisius Velichkovsky or Wieliczkowski (Paisie de la Neamţ in Romanian; Паисий Величковский in Russian; Паїсій Величковський in Ukrainian; 20 December 1722 – 15 November 1794) was an Eastern Orthodox monk and theologian who helped spread staretsdom or the concept of the spiritual elder to the Slavic world. He is a pivotal figure in Orthodox Church history.
Samsari Range
Samsari Range (Georgian: სამსრის ქედი) is a volcanic range in southern Georgia, 120 km (75 mi) to the southwest of Tbilisi. It is a part of the Highland of Southern Georgia and rises above the Javakheti and Tsalka Plateaus. The range itself is 42 km (26 mi) long and runs north to south from the Ktsia to the Paravani River Gorges. There is archaeological evidence of ancient forts on some of the peaks.

Tsalka Plateau
The Tsalka Plateau (Georgian: წალკის ქვაბული) is a volcanic plateau in central Georgia, in the upper reaches of  the Khrami River, roughly corresponding to the territory of the Tsalka Municipality and a small portion of the adjacent Borjomi Municipality. It is considered part of the greater Javakheti Plateau.
Andersonville, South Carolina
Andersonville was a town in Anderson County, South Carolina, that was settled around 1800. It was named for Robert Anderson, who was a Revolutionary War veteran. Although it had been a thriving textile and trading community, it suffered from repeated floods and was bypassed by the railroad. The construction of Lake Hartwell displaced the remnants of the community. Today the nearest incorporated communities are Hartwell, Georgia, across the lake to the southwest, and Anderson, South Carolina, to the North.

Anderson, South Carolina
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 28,106 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is one of the principal cities in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 975,480 in 2023. It is included in the larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,590,636 in 2023.

It is just off Interstate 85 and is 120 miles (190 km) from Atlanta and 140 miles (230 km) from Charlotte. Anderson is the smallest of the three primary cities that make up the Upstate region, and is nicknamed the "Electric City" and the "Friendliest City in South Carolina". A 38-foot tall Confederate Memorial currently resides prominently in the center of downtown Anderson.
Garbo Talks
Garbo Talks is a 1984 American comedy-drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Anne Bancroft, Ron Silver, and Carrie Fisher, with an uncredited appearance by Betty Comden as Greta Garbo.

The film was written by Larry Grusin, and also stars Catherine Hicks, Steven Hill, and the first screen appearance of Mary McDonnell. It also featured the final screen appearances of veteran actors Howard Da Silva and Hermione Gingold. Bancroft was nominated for a Golden Globe.

The title is a reference to the first film in which Greta Garbo's speaking voice is heard. Her husky voice and purposefully exaggerated Swedish accent debuted in Eugene O'Neill's Anna Christie (1930), which was publicized with the slogan "Garbo Talks".

The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office disappointment.

Eugene O'Neill
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated with Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. The tragedy Long Day's Journey into Night is often included on lists of the finest American plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. He was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. O'Neill is also the only playwright to win four Pulitzer Prizes for Drama.

O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, ultimately sliding into disillusion and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well known (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.
Rodulfo Manzo
Rodulfo Nicanor Manzo Audante (born June 5, 1949) is a Peruvian retired professional footballer who played as a defender. He competed for the Peru national football team at the 1978 FIFA World Cup, and obtained a total number of 22 caps for his native country in the years 1972 to 1978. He played club football for Deportivo Municipal. He is also the father of Ytalo Manzo.

Deportivo Municipal
Club Centro Deportivo Municipal, commonly known as Deportivo Municipal, is a Peruvian football club based in Lima, Peru. They are among Peru's most recognizable clubs and enjoy considerable popularity. The bulk of their success came a few years after the club was founded in 1935. The club was a top-flight contender during this period and won four Primera División titles. The club suffered relegation three times in their history: 1967, 2000, and 2007. They have also been champions of the Segunda División on three occasions: 1968, 2006, and 2014, granting them promotion to the first division. They currently compete in the Peruvian Tercera División.

Deportivo Municipal was one of the first Peruvian clubs to participate in a South American international football competition. In 1948, they were invited to the South American Championship of Champions and finished fourth where clubs from seven of the then nine CONMEBOL football associations participated.
Christopher Völk
Christopher Völk (also spelled Voelk; born 15 September 1988 in Kempten) is a German judoka. He competed in the men's 73 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated by Nyam-Ochir Sainjargal in the second round.

Kempten
Kempten (German: [ˈkɛmptn̩] ⓘ; Swabian: Kempte [ˈkɛmptə] ⓘ) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town Cambodunum. Kempten is the oldest urban settlement (town) in Germany.
1969 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1969 Special Honours in New Zealand was a Special Honours List dated 14 November 1969, in which 29 people were awarded the Polar Medal, for distinguished services in scientific research and exploration as members of annual New Zealand expeditions to Antarctica.

Crown Honours Lists
Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.
Demographic history of Palestine (region)
The population of the region of Palestine, which approximately corresponds to modern Israel and Palestine, has varied in both size and ethnic composition throughout its history.

Studies of Palestine's demographic changes over the millennia have shown that a Jewish majority in the first century AD had changed to a Christian majority by the 3rd century AD, and later to a Muslim majority, which is thought to have existed in Mandatory Palestine (1920-1948) since at least the 12th century AD, during which the total shift to Arabic language was completed.

Justin McCarthy (American historian)
Justin A. McCarthy (born October 19, 1945) is an American demographer, former professor of history at the University of Louisville, in Louisville, Kentucky. He holds an honorary doctorate from Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Turkey, was awarded 
the Order of Merit of Turkey (in 1998), and is a board member of the Institute of Turkish Studies and the Center for Eurasian Studies (AVIM). His area of expertise is the history of the late Ottoman Empire.

McCarthy's work has faced harsh criticism by many scholars who have characterized McCarthy's views defending Turkish atrocities against Armenians as genocide denial.
Mohammad Qoli
Mohammad Qoli Beyglu, a village in  Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran

Mohammad Qoli-ye Sofla, a village in Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran

Darreh-ye Mohammad Qoli, a village in Dowreh County, Lorestan Province, Iran

Qeshlaq-e Mohammad Qoli, multiple villages in Iran

Bariki-ye Mohammad Qoli, a village in Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran

Dehnow-e Mohammad Qoli, a village in Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Bariki-ye Mohammad Qoli
Bariki-ye Mohammad Qoli (Persian: باريكي محمدقلي, also Romanized as Bārīḵī-ye Moḩammad Qolī) is a village in Shahi Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 14 families.
From Newport to the Ancient Empty Street in L.A.
From Newport to the Ancient Empty Street in L.A is a bootleg recording of live performances by Bob Dylan. It contains recordings of Dylan performing at the Newport Folk Festival in July 1964 and July 1965. There are also recordings of Dylan performing at the Hollywood Bowl in September 1965. The album contains one performance omitted from the film The Other Side of the Mirror which records Dylan's Newport performances: a live version of "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" from July 1965.

Newport Folk Festival
The Newport Folk Festival is an annual American folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in 1959 as a counterpart to the Newport Jazz Festival. The festival was founded by music promoter and Jazz Festival founder George Wein, music manager Albert Grossman, and folk singers Pete Seeger, Theodore Bikel, and Oscar Brand. It was one of the first modern music festivals in America and remains a focal point in folk music. The festival was held in 1959 and 1960, then annually from 1963 to 1969, first at Freebody Park and then at Festival Field. In 1985, Wein revived the festival; it has since been staged annually at Fort Adams State Park.
Gastrocolic ligament
The gastrocolic ligament is a portion of the greater omentum that stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. It forms part of the anterior wall of the lesser sac.

Dividing the gastrocolic ligament provides access to the anterior pancreas and the posterior wall of the stomach. This is commonly done for Whipple procedures, distal pancreatectomy, some forms of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and exploratory laparotomy.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy
A pancreaticoduodenectomy, also known as a Whipple procedure, is a major surgical operation most often performed to remove cancerous tumours from the head of the pancreas. It is also used for the treatment of pancreatic or duodenal trauma, or chronic pancreatitis. Due to the shared blood supply of organs in the proximal gastrointestinal system, surgical removal of the head of the pancreas also necessitates removal of the duodenum, proximal jejunum, gallbladder, and, occasionally, part of the stomach.