hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
India Science Award
India Science Award is one of the highest and the most prestigious national recognition by the Government of India for outstanding contribution to science. The primary and essential criterion for the award is demonstrated and widely accepted excellence in science. The award covers all areas of research in science including engineering, medicine and agriculture. The prize money is ₹25 lakhs, and it also carries a citation and a gold medal. The award is announced and presented every year at the Indian Science Congress (ISC).

The award was instituted by the 10th Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 2003. The first award, for the year 2004, was given to a renowned chemist Prof CNR Rao, for his works in solid state and material chemistry, by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the inauguration of the 93rd Indian Science Congress on 3 January 2006.

Solid-state chemistry
Solid-state chemistry, also sometimes referred as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterization. A diverse range of synthetic techniques, such as the ceramic method and chemical vapour depostion, make solid-state materials. Solids can be classified as crystalline or amorphous on basis of the nature of order present in the arrangement of their constituent particles. Their elemental compositions, microstructures, and physical properties can be characterized through a variety of analytical methods.
1998–99 Premiership 1
The 1997–98 Premiership 1 was the twelfth season of the top tier of the English rugby union league system, currently known as Premiership Rugby, and the second to be sponsored by Allied Dunbar, having previous been sponsored by Courage Brewery. Newcastle Falcons were the defending champions and Bedford, London Scottish and West Hartlepool the promoted sides.

Leicester Tigers finished the season as champions for the third time (and first title since 1995), while West Hartlepool were relegated to as the bottom place side, dropping to the 1999–00 Premiership 2. 9th place Richmond and 12th London Scottish were placed into administration at the end of the campaign, merging with London Irish, and thus did not compete in the subsequent season.

London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.
Alva Noë
Alva Noë (/ˈælvə ˈnoʊ.eɪ/; born 1964) is an American philosopher. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. The focus of his work is the theory of perception and consciousness. In addition to these problems in cognitive science and the philosophy of mind, he is interested in analytic phenomenology, the theory of art, Ludwig Wittgenstein, enactivism, and the origins of analytic philosophy.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Arnaud d'Aux
Arnaud d'Aux (1260/70–August 1320) was a relative of Pope Clement V, who named him bishop of Poitiers (November 1306), and then cardinal-bishop of Albano (23 December 1312). He accompanied cardinal Arnaud Nouvel in England in 1312. He acted also as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1311 until 1319. He participated in the papal conclave, 1314-1316 and died at Avignon.

1314–1316 conclave
The papal conclave held from 1 May 1314 to 7 August 1316 in the apostolic palace of Carpentras and then the Dominican house in Lyon was one of the longest conclaves in the history of the Roman Catholic Church and the first conclave of the Avignon Papacy. The length of the conclave was due to the division of the cardinals into three factions: Italian (Orsini, Alberti, Stefaneschi, Caetani, Longhi, Fieschi, and both Colonna), Gascon (de Pellegrue, de Fougères, Nouvel, Teste, de Farges, de Garve, Daux, du Four, Raymond, and Godin), and French/Provençal (both Fredol, de Bec, Caignet de Fréauville, de Mandagot, and Duèze).

The Italian faction wished to return the papacy to Rome, the Gascon faction—mostly composed of the relatives of the previous pope, Clement V, wished to retain the privileges and powers they had enjoyed during his rule, and the French/Provençal opposed these aims of the Italian and Gascon factions.
Petalostigma
Petalostigma is a genus of plants under the family Picrodendraceae and the monogeneric subtribe Petalostigmatinae, first defined by von Mueller in 1857. It is native to New Guinea and Australia. They are evergreen, dioecious shrubs or trees.

In local medicine, pregnancy is said to be avoided by eating the fruit of the quinine bush (Petalostigma pubescens), which does not actually contains quinine. Another example is Petalostigma triloculare which features exploding fruit.

Subtribe
In a social context, a subtribe is a secondary division of a broader ethnic grouping or tribe, functioning as a distinct unit defined by specific kinship ties, geographic territory, or linguistic dialects. For example, the Kipsigis are a major sub-tribe that falls under the broader Kalenjin ethnic group of East Africa.

This term also serves as a formal taxonomic rank in biological science, where it is positioned directly below a tribe (biology) and above a genus. Following this hierarchy, the Hyptidinae is a botanical subtribe categorized under the tribe Ocimeae within the mint family. In both fields, the "tribe" acts as the parent category, while the "subtribe" identifies a specific branch within that larger lineage, with scientific names typically ending in -ina for animals (e.g., Hominina) and -inae for plants.
98 Rock
There are several radio stations with the branding of 98 Rock:

KRXQ in Sacramento, California

WIYY in Baltimore, Maryland

WXTB in Tampa, Florida

KTAL-FM in Shreveport, Louisiana (98 Rocks)

WACL in Elkton, Virginia

Actual Rocks:

The 98 Rock - A stone on Wake Island marked after a massacre of 98 American POWs by the Japanese

WXTB
WXTB (97.9 FM), also known as "98 Rock", is a commercial active rock radio station owned by iHeartMedia and licensed to Clearwater, Florida, serving the Tampa Bay Area.  The WXTB studios are located in South Tampa, while the station transmitter resides in Holiday.  In addition to a standard analog transmission, WXTB broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, and is available online via iHeartRadio.

In addition to covering the Tampa Bay market as a whole, the station also covers areas of Levy County and Marion County, which are part of the Gainesville-Ocala radio market.
WHQR
WHQR is the National Public Radio (NPR) member station for Southeastern North Carolina, broadcasting on the FM band 91.3 MHz. Based inside the third floor of the historic Warwick Building on North Front Street in Wilmington and operated by Friends of Public Radio, Inc. (a community group). It airs NPR, American Public Media, Public Radio Exchange, and BBC programming as well as classical, jazz and adult album alternative music. WHQR hosts concerts, art receptions and events in their gallery space as well as live concerts from the Soup to Nuts Live program and monthly Classical concerts.

The station operates an FM translator station, W265EJ from Rose Hill on 100.9. WHQR also operates a sister classical music station called Classical HQR, broadcasting on the HD-2 stream as well as on translator W224CX from Wilmington on 92.7.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
Richmond CenterStage
Dominion Energy Center is a performing arts center in Richmond, Virginia that houses a number of venues including the historic Carpenter Theatre, Libby S. Gottwald Playhouse, Bob & Sally Mooney Hall, and the Genworth BrightLights Education Center. The theatre was formerly known as Richmond CenterStage.

The Carpenter Theatre was originally a Loew's Theatre movie palace developed by the Loew's Theatres company and designed by John Eberson. The building's construction began in 1927, with its doors opening  in 1928.

Movie palace
A movie palace (or picture palace in the United Kingdom) is a large, elaborately decorated movie theater built from the 1910s to the 1940s. The late 1920s saw the peak of the movie palace, with hundreds opening every year between 1925 and 1930. With the rise of television in the 1950s, movie attendance dropped, while the rising popularity of large multiplex chains in the 1980s and 1990s signaled the obsolescence of single-screen theaters. Many movie palaces were razed or converted into multiple-screen venues or performing arts centers, though some have undergone restoration and reopened to the public as historic buildings.

There are three architectural design types of movie palaces: the classical-style movie palace, with opulent, luxurious architecture; the atmospheric theatre, which has an auditorium ceiling that resembles an open sky as a defining feature; and the Art Deco theaters that became popular in the 1930s.
Ribosomal frameshift
Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can be programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and is sometimes affected by the secondary, 3-dimensional mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in viruses (especially retroviruses), retrotransposons and bacterial insertion elements, and also in some cellular genes.

Small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids have also been found to stimulate levels of frameshifting. In December 2023, it was reported that in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNAs in response to BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) anti-COVID-19 vaccine caused ribosomal frameshifting.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Pamela Snow
Pamela Claire Snow is an Australian speech-language pathologist and registered psychologist whose research concerns language disorders in vulnerable children and adolescents, and their implications for academic achievement and psychosocial wellbeing. She has been a vocal critic of pseudoscientific approaches to early reading instruction and support, such as the Arrowsmith Program.

Language disorder
Language disorders or language impairments are disorders that cause persistent difficulty in the acquisition and use of listening and speaking skills. These difficulties may involve any of the five domains of language: phonology, syntax, morphology, semantics, or pragmatics. Language disorders may affect listening comprehension, spoken language expression, reading comprehension, and/or written expression. There are two main categories of language disorders: expressive, which involves a difficulty using words to communicate, and receptive, which involves a difficulty understanding language. Language disorders may persist across the life span, and symptoms may change over time. A language disorder can occur in isolation or in the presence of other conditions. Language disorders may occur from birth or early childhood, or they may be acquired later from disease or injury.

In the United States, speech language pathologists screen, assess, diagnose, and treat language disorders.
Suárez
Suárez is a common Spanish surname of Germanic origin, of which Juárez is an alternative form.  It is widely spread throughout Latin America as a consequence of colonization. In origin it is a patronymic meaning "son of Suero" or "son of Soeiro". It may be derived from the Latin name Suerius, meaning "swineherd", in turn related to the Visigothic "surhari". The surname originates to the province of Asturias in northwest Spain. This surname is most commonly found in Mexico, Spain, Cuba, and Argentina.

Francisco Suárez
Francisco Suárez SJ (/ˈswɑːrɛz/; 5 January 1548 – 25 September 1617) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement. His work is considered a turning point in the history of second scholasticism, marking the transition from its Renaissance to its Baroque phases. According to Christopher Shields and Daniel Schwartz, "figures as distinct from one another in place, time, and philosophical orientation as Leibniz, Grotius, Pufendorf, Schopenhauer and Heidegger, all found reason to cite him as a source of inspiration and influence."
Plotlands
Plotlands was a British period drama series was written and created by Jeremy Brock and that aired on BBC1 from 18 May to 22 June 1997. Produced by Wall to Wall for the BBC, it tells the story of several families who live in the fictional town of Plotlands. The series was filmed on location in and around Ashridge country house in Hertfordshire and Wivenhoe, Essex.

Jeremy Brock
Jeremy Brock MBE (born 14 July 1959) is a British writer and director whose works include the screenplays Mrs Brown, Driving Lessons, The Last King of Scotland, Charlotte Gray, and The Eagle. Brock has also written two plays for the Hampstead downstairs theatre, and co-wrote the lyrics for Tim Finn's second album Big Canoe.
TIMvision
TIMvision (formerly Cubovision) is an Italian Internet video on demand service by TIM.

It offers television shows, movies, and series, for rental or purchase through the use of a decoder as well as video on demand, smart TV, Android, and iOS device. From 2018, TIMvision produces original TV shows, such as the Italian version of Skam, known as Skam Italia.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.
V Pay
V Pay is a Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) debit card for use in Europe, issued by Visa Europe. It uses the EMV chip and PIN system and can be co-branded with various national debit card schemes such as the German Girocard or Italy's PagoBancomat.

Single Euro Payments Area
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers denominated in euros. As of 2025, there were 41 members in SEPA, consisting of the 27 member states of the European Union, the four member states of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), the United Kingdom, as well as five EU candidate countries. Some microstates participate in the technical schemes: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. As of 2025, Albania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia are the five countries negotiating to join the EU that are included in SEPA.

SEPA covers predominantly normal bank transfers. Payment methods which have additional optional features or services, such as mobile phone or smart card payment systems, are not directly covered. However, the instant SEPA payment scheme facilitates payment products also on smart devices.
Supermarket (Logic album)
Supermarket is a soundtrack album by American rapper Logic. It was released on March 26, 2019, by Def Jam Recordings and Visionary Music Group. The soundtrack serves as a tie-in for his novel of the same name. The soundtrack was released to negative reviews by music critics, though it peaked at number 56 on the Billboard 200.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Yú (surname 余)
Yú (Chinese: 余; pinyin: Yú) is a Chinese family name. It is also sometimes translated to Yee, the Taishanese spelling, in English. The name is transliterated as Dư in Vietnamese but is very rare in Vietnam. In Indonesia, it is transliterated as Oe (from Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Û) It is the 90th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.

Eu Tong Sen
Eu Tong Sen OBE RM (Chinese: 余東旋; 23 July 1877 – 11 May 1941) was a businessman in Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong during the late 19th and early 20th century. He was vice-president of the Anti-Opium Society and a member of the Kinta Sanitary Board.
Homoroade
Homoroade (Hungarian: Középhomoród, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkøzeːphomoroːd]m German: Mittelhamroth) is a commune of 2,600 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. Its center is Homorodu de Mijloc, and the commune is composed of six villages:

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
Sagra carbunculus
Sagra carbunculus is a species of beetle in the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) found in South Asia as well as possibly Southeast Asia. The scientific name of the species was published in 1842 by Frederick William Hope.

Frederick William Hope
Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now known as the Hope Collection or in expanded form the Hope Entomological Collections, with around 3.5 million specimens). He described numerous species and was a founder of the Entomological Society of London in 1833 along with John Obadiah Westwood.
Westra Wermlands Sparbank
Westra Wermlands Sparbank is a savings bank providing services in Värmland County. The bank is subject to the Bank Act and is independent, but has a close coroparation with Swedbank.

Its business area includes Arvika (headquarters), Eda and Årjäng municipalities serving via seven offices. The bank has over 100 employees and is an active member of the Savings Banks Association.

The Westra Wermlands Sparbank was founded in Arvika in 1856.

Värmland County
Värmland County (Swedish: Värmlands län) is a county or län in west central Sweden. It borders the Swedish counties of Dalarna, Örebro and Västra Götaland, as well as the Norwegian counties of Østfold, Akershus and Innlandet to the west. The title of Duke of Värmland is claimed by His Royal Highness Prince Carl Philip.
Pichincha Province
Pichincha (Spanish pronunciation: [piˈtʃintʃa]) is a province of Ecuador located in the northern Sierra region; its capital and largest city is Quito. It is bordered by Imbabura and Esmeraldas to the north, Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the south, Napo and Sucumbíos to the east, and Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the west.

Prior to 2008, the canton Santo Domingo de los Colorados was part of the Pichincha Province. It has since become its own province, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas.

The province is home to many rose plantations, which make up the bulk of Ecuador's floriculture industry.

Santo Domingo Canton (Ecuador)
Santo Domingo de los Colorados or simply known as Santo Domingo, is the biggest canton in the Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province, after La Concordia officially became part of the province on May 31, 2013. The canton is named after its seat, the town of Santo Domingo. The canton partially occupies the Toachi river basin. The Toachi river flows into the Daule river.
Mathias Franz Graf von Chorinsky Freiherr von Ledske
Mathias Franz Graf von Chorinsky Freiherr von Ledske (in English: Mathias Franz Count of Chorinsky Baron of Ledske; Latin: Mathias Franciscus Comes de Chorinsky Liber Baron de Ledske; Czech: Matyáš František hrabě z Chorinský svobodný pán z Ledské) (4 October 1720 in Pačlavice – 30 October 1786 in Kuřim, Moravia) was first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brno, Imperial and Royal senior Privy Counsellor of the Imperial and Royal Privy Council of the Habsburg monarchy and with his equally eminent brothers the first Counts of Chorinsky.

Von
The term von ([fɔn] ⓘ) is used in German surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means 'of' or 'from'.

Nobility directories like the Almanach de Gotha often abbreviate the noble term von to v. In medieval or early modern names, the von particle was at times added to commoners' names; thus, Hans von Duisburg meant 'Hans from [the city of] Duisburg'. This meaning is preserved in Swiss toponymic surnames and in the Dutch van, which is a cognate of von but also does not necessarily indicate nobility.
Diack
Diack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lamine Diack (1933–2021), Senegalese businessman, sports administrator, and former athlete

Robbie Diack (born 1985), South African-born Irish rugby union player

Tuppy Diack (1930–2025), New Zealand rugby union player

Robbie Diack
Robbie Diack (born 12 November 1985 in Johannesburg, South Africa) is a South African born, Irish former rugby union player who last played for Ulster in the Pro14. He played in the back row mainly as a number eight.