hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Terre-Clapier
Terre-Clapier (French pronunciation: [tɛʁ klapje]; Languedocien: Tèrra Clapièr) is a former commune in the Tarn department in southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terre-de-Bancalié.

Tarn (department)
Tarn  (French: [taʁ(n)], Occitan: [taɾ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Named after the river Tarn, it had a population of 389844 as of 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Albi; it has a single subprefecture, Castres. In French, the inhabitants of Tarn are known as Tarnais (masculine) and Tarnaises (feminine). Its INSEE and postcode number is 81.
Stanislav Braginsky
Stanislav I. Braginsky was a Research Geophysicist at UCLA.

In 1964, he contributed to models of the geodynamo with his theory of the "nearly symmetric dynamo", published 1964. He emigrated from the Soviet Union to the United States in 1988.

In 1992, the American Geophysical Union awarded him the John Adam Fleming Medal for contributions to geomagnetism.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Gabriel Balart
Gabriel Balart i Crehuet was a Spanish composer, conductor, musical director and teacher of Catalan origin. He was born in Barcelona on 8 June 1824 and died there on 5 July 1893. He studied at the Paris Conservatory before composing several pieces of salon music. He wrote five romantic symphonies. His most successful opera was his light opera Amore y Arte.

Salon music
Salon music was a popular music genre in Europe during the 19th century. It was usually written for solo piano in the romantic style, and is often performed by the composer at events known as "Salons". Salon compositions are usually fairly short and often focus on virtuoso pianistic displays or emotional expression of a sentimental character. Common subgenres of salon music are the operatic paraphrase or fantasia, in which multiple themes from a popular opera are the basis of the composition, and the musical character-piece, which portrays in music a particular situation or narrative.
A Cruel Love: The Ruth Ellis Story
A Cruel Love: The Ruth Ellis Story, originally titled Ruth, is a four-part British historical drama television series for ITV, starring Lucy Boynton as Ruth Ellis, the last woman hanged in Britain, and Toby Jones as her solicitor John Bickford. It was released in the United States on BritBox on 17 February 2025.

Joe Armstrong (actor)
Joseph Armstrong (born 7 October 1978) is an English actor. His television roles include Allan A Dale in three series of Robin Hood, Hotspur in  Henry IV, Part I, Ashley Cowgill in Happy Valley and Bairstow in The Village. On stage, he played the lead role in D. C. Moore's The Empire and appeared in the 2011 revival of Flare Path. He co-starred with Maxine Peake in Miss Julie at the Royal Exchange and with Louise Brealey in a touring production of Constellations.
E. Jayne Mockler
E. Jayne Mockler (born September 21, 1957) is a Democratic politician from the state of Wyoming who currently serves as the Chairwoman of the Wyoming Board of Equalization. Prior to first being appointed to the Board in 2013 by Governor Matt Mead, Mockler served as a member of the Wyoming Legislature from Cheyenne, serving in the House of Representatives from 1993 to 1997, and in the Senate from 1997 to 2009. She was the Democratic nominee for Secretary of State in 1998 and a candidate for Mayor of Cheyenne in 2008.

Wyoming Legislature
The Wyoming State Legislature is the legislative branch of the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is a bicameral state legislature, consisting of a 62-member Wyoming House of Representatives, and a 31-member Wyoming Senate. The legislature meets at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Republican Party holds a supermajority in the current legislature. 56 of the 62 seats in the House and 29 of the 31 seats in the Senate are held by Republicans.
Zeppelin-Staaken VGO.III
The Zeppelin-Staaken VGO.III was a heavy bomber built in Germany in 1916 and which saw limited service during World War I. Although only one example was built, it served as a prototype for further Riesenflugzeuge ("giant aircraft") by Zeppelin-Staaken. Its "VGO" designation was assigned because the aircraft was constructed by Versuchsbau Gotha-Ost, a division of Gothaer Waggonfabrik. It was developed from the VGO.I that had been purchased by the Imperial German Navy, but the VGO.III was purchased by the Army instead. It was the first six-engined aircraft in the world.

Mercedes D.III
The Mercedes D.III, or F1466 as it was known internally, was a six-cylinder SOHC valvetrain liquid-cooled inline aircraft engine built by Daimler and used on a wide variety of German aircraft during World War I. The initial versions were introduced in 1914 at 119 kW (160 hp), but a series of changes improved this to 127 kW (170 hp) in 1917, and 134 kW (180 hp) by mid-1918. These later models were used on almost all late-war German fighters, and its only real competition, the BMW III, was available only in very limited numbers. Compared to the Allied engines it faced, the D.III was generally outdated.
Acireductone dioxygenase (iron(II)-requiring)
Acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] (EC 1.13.11.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2  4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutanoate + formate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one and oxygen, whereas its two products are 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate and formate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate-forming). Other names in common use include ARD', 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-thiomethylpent-1-ene dioxygenase (ambiguous), acireductone dioxygenase (ambiguous), E-2', and E-3 dioxygenase.  This enzyme participates in methionine metabolism.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
Cenon Gallicanon
Cenon Gallicanon was a town of ancient Bithynia, inhabited during Roman times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.

Its site is located near Göynük in Asiatic Turkey.

Göynük
Göynük is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Göynük District. Its population is 4,376 (2021). The mayor is Ahmet Çankaya (MHP), elected in 2019. Its neighbours are Mudurnu from north-east, Nallıhan from south-east, Sarıcakaya from south, Yenipazar from south-west, Taraklı from west and Akyazı from north-west.
Taille (instrument)
The taille, also called the taille de hautbois or the alto oboe, was a Baroque alto oboe pitched in F. It had a straight body, an open bell, and two keys.

The instrument was first used in Alcidiane by Jean-Baptiste Lully in 1658 and in French ensembles known as the bandes de hautbois, in which it played the inner lines of polyphonic compositions. J.S. Bach employed it when a low-pitched oboe sound was needed to double the viola parts in several of his cantatas, but almost exclusively in movements of a jubilant or otherwise loud nature due to its having had a more piercing sound than that of the cor anglais.

Today, the instrument is rare outside period ensembles, and a cor anglais is commonly substituted. However, the period-instrument movement has seen a revival of the taille, with a number of makers now producing reproductions of classic examples.

The term was also later applied to any instrument that played the tenor part in an orchestra, e.g. the tenor viol or viola.

Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.

Variation is often contrasted with musical development, which is a slightly different means to the same end. Variation depends upon one type of presentation at a time, while development is carried out upon portions of material treated in many different presentations and combinations at a time.
TVN Style
TVN Style is a Polish-language pay-TV channel aimed at women featuring the latest in fashion, health and beauty. It was first launched on 1 August 2004 and a part of the TVN network, owned by Warner Bros. Discovery.

Warner Bros. Discovery
Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (WBD) is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It was formed from WarnerMedia's spin-off by AT&T and merger with Discovery, Inc. on April 8, 2022.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates via two divisions: Streaming & Studios (S&S) and Global Linear Networks (GLN). S&S includes the flagship Warner Bros. studios, HBO, DC Entertainment, and the Warner Bros. Discovery's streaming services. GLN largely includes advertising-supported cable networks. Those networks were inherited from its predecessors Discovery (such as Discovery Channel among others), Scripps Networks Interactive (such as HGTV among others), and Turner Broadcasting System (such as Cartoon Network, Boomerang, CNN, TBS, and TNT). Warner Bros. Discovery International is also included in the division, which manages broadcasting operations outside of the United States.
Gros (surname)
The surname Gros may have several origins. In French, it is a nickname for a big, fat person. Likewise,  in Romanian, Groș is a word for "large". In several languages, it is a spelling variant of the German surname Gross. See also Legros.

Notable people with this surname include:

Sara Gros Aspiroz (born 1983), Spanish ski mountaineer

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771–1835), French painter

Brigitte Gros (1925–1985), French journalist and politician

Daniel Gros (born 1955), German economist

Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros (1793–1870), French ambassador and daguerreotypist

Jules Gros (1890–1992), Breton linguist

Jules Gros (journalist) (1890–1891), French journalist

Louis Prosper Gros (1893–1973), French aviator

Piet Gros (born 1964), Dutch chemist

Louis Prosper Gros
Sous lieutenant Louis Prosper Gros (24 July 1893 – 3 March 1973) became a flying ace during World War I, scoring eight confirmed aerial victories, and possibly a ninth. He continued in aviation after the war, and defended his nation again during World War II.
Schwenke
Schwenke is a surname of German origin, where the following persons are known for:

Brian Schwenke (born 1991), U.S. American football player

Hans Schwenke (born 1934), German photographer and delegate

Michael Schwenke (1563–1610), German sculptor from Pirna, Saxony

Mignon Schwenke (born 1954), German state politician (The Left)

Nelson Schwenke (1957–2012), Chilean musician

Paul Schwenke (1853–1921), librarian and book scientist

Robert Schwenke (1873–1944), German constructing engineer and automotive pioneer

Uwe Schwenke de Wall (born 1939), German politician (CDU)

Wigbert Schwenke (born 1960), German politician (CDU), state delegate in Saxony-Anhalt

Winfried Schwenke (born 1935), German general in the Bundeswehr

Wolfgang Schwenke (1921–2006), German zoologist, entomologist and forest scientist

Wolfgang Schwenke (handballer) (born 1968), German handball player and trainer

Brian Schwenke
Brian Max Schwenke Jr. (/ˈʃwæŋki/ SHWANK-ee; born March 22, 1991) is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL draft.

After four seasons with the Titans, Schwenke had an offseason stint with the Indianapolis Colts in 2017 before returning to the Titans for the regular season. He spent the 2018 season as a backup for the New England Patriots, winning Super Bowl LIII. Despite re-signing with the Patriots after the conclusion of the 2018 season, he later retired during the 2019 offseason.
Opisthothelae
Opisthothelae is a suborder of spiders within the order Araneae, containing Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, but excluding Mesothelae. The Opisthothelae are sometimes presented as an unranked clade and sometimes as a suborder of Araneae. In the latter case, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae are treated as infraorders.

The creation of this taxon has been justified by the need to distinguish these spiders from the Mesothelae, which display more primitive characteristics. The characteristics that distinguish between the Mesothelae and Opisthothelae are:

Mesothelae have a segmented abdomen with tergite plates, whereas Opisthothelae have fused abdominal segments and lack tergite plates.

The almost total absence of ganglia in the abdomen of Opisthothelae.

The almost median position of the spinnerets in the Mesothelae compared with the hindmost position of those of the Opistothelae.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Same-sex marriage in Nova Scotia
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Nova Scotia since September 24, 2004 when the province began issuing marriage licences to same-sex couples immediately following a court ruling from the Nova Scotia Supreme Court. Nova Scotia was the sixth jurisdiction in Canada and the ninth in the world, after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, Massachusetts, Yukon and Manitoba, to legalise same-sex marriage.

Nova Scotia has also recognised domestic partnerships offering some of the rights and benefits of marriage since 4 June 2001.

Same-sex marriage in Belgium
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Belgium since 1 June 2003. A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was passed by the Senate on 28 November 2002, and by the Chamber of Representatives on 30 January 2003. King Albert II granted his assent, and the bill entered into force on 1 June. Polling indicates that a significant majority of Belgians support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. Belgium was the second country in the world to legalise same-sex marriage, after the Netherlands.

"Statutory cohabitation", a form of civil union open to any two legally consenting cohabiting persons, has been available since 1 January 2000.
Kazhdan
Kazhdan, also written as Kajdan, Kazdan, Každan, is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Kazhdan - historian, byzantinist

David Kazhdan - mathematician.

Jerry Kazdan - mathematician

Jerry Kazdan
Jerry Lawrence Kazdan (born 31 October 1937 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American mathematician noted for his work in differential geometry and the study of partial differential equations. His contributions include the Berger–Kazdan comparison theorem, which was a key step in the proof of the Blaschke conjecture and the classification of Wiedersehen manifolds. His best-known work, done in collaboration with Frank Warner, dealt with the problem of prescribing the scalar curvature of a Riemannian metric.
Keven McDonald
Keven McDonald (born June 2, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player known for his collegiate career at the University of Pennsylvania from 1974 to 1978 with the Penn Quakers men's basketball team. He won the Robert V. Geasey Trophy as a junior and was named the Ivy League Player of the Year as a senior. Following his career at Penn, McDonald was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the second round of the 1978 NBA draft. He went on to earn a J.D. degree from Rutgers Law School–Newark and is now a licensed attorney and real estate investor in New Jersey.

Ivy League Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Ivy League Men's Basketball Player of the Year is an award given to the Ivy League's most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1974–75 season. There have been six players honored on two occasions: Craig Robinson, Kit Mueller, Jerome Allen, Ugonna Onyekwe, Ibrahim Jaaber and Justin Sears. No player has ever won the award three times.

There have been three ties for player of the year in the award's history: in 1981–82 (Paul Little of Penn and Craig Robinson of Princeton); in 1992–93 (Jerome Allen of Penn and Buck Jenkins of Columbia); and in 2019–20 (Paul Atkinson of Yale and A. J. Brodeur of Penn).

There was no 2021 award because the Ivy League canceled all winter sports for the 2020–21 season, including men's basketball, due to COVID-19 concerns.
All at Sea (ruleset)
All at Sea is a naval ruleset for Games Workshop's miniature wargame The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game. The official rules were a modified version of the Warhammer Boat rules, adapted by Nick Davis and first presented in Games Workshop's White Dwarf magazine (US issue 295).

The game's mechanics centre on boarding parties, with options for ramming actions and light artillery in the form of ballistae and other siege engines. As such, the game's scale ratio corresponds to the 25mm scale miniatures used by The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game. Games Workshop has not yet released any model ships for this system, opting instead to provide terrain guides for model shipbuilding, but Corsair miniatures were released in 2008. Model ships are built by hobbyists, just as normal miniature terrain, such as "great ships" of Pelargir, cogs of Dol Amroth and Corsairs of Umbar galleys.

Ship model
Ship models or model ships are scale models of ships. They can range in size from 1/6000 scale wargaming miniatures to large vessels capable of holding people.

Ship modeling is a craft as old as shipbuilding itself, stretching back to ancient times when water transport was first developed.
Iowa City Press-Citizen
The Iowa City Press-Citizen is a daily newspaper published in Iowa City, Iowa, United States that serves most of Johnson County and portions of surrounding counties. Its primary competitors are The Gazette of Cedar Rapids, which has a news bureau in Iowa City, and The Daily Iowan, the University of Iowa's student newspaper.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
TJ Kirk
Thomas James Kirk III (born February 20, 1985), previously known by the pseudonym Terroja Lee Kincaid, is an American YouTuber and podcaster. Kirk's YouTube channel, previously known as The Amazing Atheist, gained popularity in the 2010s for its criticism of religion. He has since expanded his focus to other political and social issues.

Kirk previously had over one million subscribers on his main channel, and has over 445 million views in total. From 2014 until 2017, he was one of the hosts of Drunken Peasants, a YouTube news podcast focused on interviews and current events and interviews.

Criticism of religion
Criticism of religion is the criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion. Historical records of criticism of religion go back to at least the 5th century BCE in ancient Greece, in Athens specifically, with Diagoras "the Atheist" of Melos. In ancient Rome, an early known example is Lucretius' De rerum natura from the 1st century BCE.

Every exclusive religion on Earth (as well as every exclusive world view) that promotes exclusive truth-claims necessarily denigrates the truth-claims of other religions. Thus, some criticisms of religion become criticisms of one or more aspects of a specific religious tradition. Critics of religion in general may view religion as any number of the following: outdated, harmful to the individual, harmful to society, an impediment to the progress of science or humanity, a source of immoral acts or customs, and a political tool for social control.
Orovada (soil)
Orovada soil series is the official state soil of Nevada. The soil series has an extent of 367,853 acres (148,865 ha), primarily in northern and central Nevada, and extending into southern Idaho and Oregon. They are common soils on semiarid rangeland with sagebrush-grassland plant communities. Orovada soils are arable, able to be cultivated, when irrigated and are considered prime farmland.  Alfalfa for hay and seed, winter wheat, barley, and grasses for hay and pasture are the principal crops grown on these soils.

Orovada soils are well drained and formed in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources and in loess and volcanic ash. These soils typically occur in the Great Basin section of the Basin and Range physiographic province.

Alfalfa
Alfalfa (/ælˈfælfə/; in North America), lucerne (in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand), Medicago sativa is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world and is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. It has also been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Alfalfa has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiraled in two to three turns containing 10–20 seeds. It is native to warmer temperate climates.
Evis Jennings
Evis Jennings (born July 11, 1955) is an American retired sprinter.  Running for Mississippi State University, he was the 1976 NCAA Indoor Champion at 440 yards.

He contested the 400 m at the 1976 United States Olympic Trials and finished seventh. His personal record for the distance was 45.4 seconds, which ranked him 11th fastest in the world in the 1974 season.

400 meters at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
This is a list of the NCAA Division I indoor champions in the 400 metres or its imperial equivalent 440 yards. The imperial distance was generally contested until 1983, while the metric distance has been held instead since 1984. The event was not held in 1986 and 1987. Hand timing was used until 1975 and in 1980, while during all other years since 1976 fully automatic timing was used. In 1986 and 1987, the 1⁄10-mile track that the races were run on was 25 inches (640 mm) per lap short, making the actual race distance less than 400 meters those years.