hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tuvalu–United States relations
Tuvalu–United States relations are bilateral relations between Tuvalu and the United States. The United States does not have a dedicated ambassador to Tuvalu. Instead, the U.S. ambassador to Fiji is also accredited to Tuvalu, handling diplomatic relations from Suva, Fiji.

Tuvalu maintains a diplomatic presence in the United States through its Permanent Mission to the United Nations, in New York City; it is headed by Tapugao Falefou, Tuvalu's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Tuvalu's Permanent Representative to the United Nations also acts as Tuvalu's ambassador to the United States.

Alliance of Small Island States
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) is an intergovernmental organization of low-lying coastal and small island countries. AOSIS was established in 1990, ahead of the Second World Climate Conference. The main purpose of the alliance is to consolidate the voices of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to address global warming.

These island countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change and its related effects on the ocean, including sea level rise, coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion. The members are among the nations least responsible for climate change, having contributed less than 1% to the world's greenhouse gas emissions. These states advocate for international policy and mechanisms for addressing the inequity of climate impacts.
Elisabeth Leisinger
Elisabeth Leisinger (1864-1913) was a German dramatic soprano. Her mother initially opposed her wish for a singing career, but after her father's death she relented. She studied at the Stuttgart Conservatory and later with Pauline Viardot in Paris. She became a member of the Berlin Court Opera in 1884 and until 1894 after performing shows in Stuttgart. Her debut was as Rosina in The Barber of Seville. She unsuccessfully performed at the Paris Opera in 1886, and by performing broke her contract with the Berlin Court Opera. After later marrying Dr. Müllberger in Esslingen, she retired from the stage.

Pauline Viardot
Pauline Viardot (pronounced [po.lin vjaʁ.do]; 18 July 1821 – 18 May 1910) was a French dramatic mezzo-soprano, composer and pedagogue of Spanish descent. Born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García, she came from a musical family and took up music at a young age. She began performing as a teenager and had a long and illustrious career as a star performer.
Novaluron
Novaluron, or (±)-1-[3-chloro-4-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-trifluoro- methoxyethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea, is a chemical with pesticide properties, belonging to the class of insecticides called insect growth regulators. It is a benzoylphenyl urea developed by Makhteshim-Agan Industries Ltd.. In the United States, the compound has been used on food crops, including apples, potatoes, brassicas, ornamentals, and cotton. Patents and registrations have been approved or are ongoing in several other countries throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia. The US Environmental Protection Agency and the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency consider novaluron to pose low risk to the environment and non-target organisms and value it as an important option for integrated pest management that should decrease reliance on organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides.

Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula R2NC(O)OR and structure >N−C(=O)−O−, which are formally derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH).  The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salts with the carbamate anion H2NCOO− (e.g. ammonium carbamate).

Polymers whose repeat units are joined by carbamate like groups −NH−C(=O)−O− are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. See § Etymology for clarification.
Manu River (Tripura)
The Manu is a transboundary river in Bangladesh and India. It originates below the Kahosib Chura of the Shakhantang Mountains in the Indian state of Tripura. Flowing north-east through Kumarghat and Kailasahar, the Manu passes through the Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh to the Sylhet Plain. Later the Dholai River joins the Manu and then it flows northwest and meets the Kushiara Manumukh. It is 167 km (104 m) long, making it the longest river in Tripura.  In Tripura, it flows near the town of Manu. The river has a width of 200 meters in the railway bridge area. The area of the basin is 500 square kilometres. The river flows throughout the year.

Kumarghat
Kumarghat is a town and subdivision in Unakoti district in Tripura, India. It is a municipal council and the 14th largest town in Tripura by population. Kumarghat railway station is the only railway station in Unakoti district.
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is a book written by Norbert Wiener and published in 1948. It is the first public usage of the term "cybernetics" to refer to self-regulating mechanisms. The book laid the theoretical foundation for servomechanisms (whether electrical, mechanical or hydraulic), automatic navigation, analog computing, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and reliable communications.

A second edition with minor changes and two additional chapters was published in 1961.

The Human Use of Human Beings
The Human Use of Human Beings is a book by Norbert Wiener, the founding thinker of cybernetics theory and an influential advocate of automation; it was first published in 1950 and revised in 1954. The text argues for the benefits of automation to society; it analyzes the meaning of productive communication and discusses ways for humans and machines to cooperate, with the potential to amplify human power and release people from the repetitive drudgery of manual labor, in favor of more creative pursuits in knowledge work and the arts. The risk that such changes might harm society (through dehumanization or subordination of our species) is explored, and suggestions are offered on how to avoid such risk.
Rottingdean Coastal
Rottingdean Coastal was an electoral ward in Brighton, England. The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 14,293. It was part of the parliamentary constituency of Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven.

Following a review of boundaries, the ward was abolished and became part of the wards of Rottingdean & West Saltdean and Whitehawk & Marina for the 2023 election.

Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven
Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since the 2024 general election by Chris Ward of the  Labour Party.

Before the 2024 general election the constituency was called Brighton Kemptown, though local political parties referred to it by its current name.
Brush mouse
The brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". It is found in mountainous areas of Mexico and the western United States at altitudes over 2,000 m (6,600 ft).

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Jeju Stadium
The Jeju Stadium (Korean: 제주종합경기장; Hanja: 濟州綜合競技場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Jeju City, Jeju Province, South Korea. The stadium was used by K League team Jeju United between 2007 and 2011. It has a capacity of 16,387 people and was opened in 1968.

The stadium was used for the first leg of Jeju United's 2017 AFC Champions League round of 16 match against Urawa Red Diamonds, as their regular stadium, Jeju World Cup Stadium, was used for the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

K League
K League (Korean: K리그) is South Korea's professional football league. It includes the first division K League 1 and the second division K League 2. Clubs competing in the K League have won a record total of twelve AFC Champions League titles, the top continental competition for Asian clubs.
Milden Thicks
Milden Thicks is a 42.3-hectare (105-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Great Waldingfield in Suffolk, England. It is in four separate blocks, Bulls Cross Wood, Hazel Wood and the adjoining Hall Wood, Walding Wood and Long Wood.

These are diverse mature woods, described by Natural England as of national importance for the comparisons which can be made between them. There are several wild service trees, and the ground flora is rich and typical of ancient woodland.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
Francis Skidmore
Francis Alfred Skidmore (1817 – 13 November 1896) was a British metalworker best known for high-profile commissions, including the glass and metal roof of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (1859), the Hereford Cathedral choir screen (1862) and the Albert Memorial (1866–73) in London.
Skidmore was heavily influenced by Gothic Revival style, a movement characterised by its use of medieval designs and styles. He was a member of both the Oxford Architectural Society and the Ecclesiological Society, two organisations which endorsed the Gothic Revival style. Skidmore also worked closely with architect Sir George Gilbert Scott.

Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the university's chemistry, zoology and mathematics departments. The museum provides the only public access into the adjoining Pitt Rivers Museum.
Julian Bailey (rugby league)
Julian Bailey is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for Eastern Suburbs, later renamed the "Sydney City Roosters", from 1998 to 2000 and the Newcastle Knights from 2001 to 2002. He then played for the Huddersfield Giants from 2003 to 2004.

Newcastle Knights
The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league team based in Newcastle, the largest city in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. Playing in red and blue, the Knights joined the top-tier competition in 1988, 79 years after the previous Newcastle based team, the Newcastle Rebels had departed the Sydney competition with the formation of a separate league competition based in the Newcastle region.

The club has won the premiership twice (1997 and 2001) and is one of only two clubs (the other being the Wests Tigers) that has never lost a grand final in which it has participated. Notable players include: Paul Harragon, Robbie O'Davis, Danny Buderus and rugby league Immortal Andrew Johns. The team's home ground is McDonald Jones Stadium.
Hercules and Antaeus
Hercules and Antaeus is an early 16th-century bronze sculpture by Pier Jacopo di Antonio Alari-Bonacolsi. The Gonzaga family court sculptor based this group on a classical marble of Hercules and Antaeus which is now in the Pitti Palace in Florence. The statue was given to the Victoria and Albert Museum by Dr. Walter Leo Hildburgh, F. S. A., in 1956.

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
Cow Creek (Jordan Creek tributary)
Cow Creek is a 51-mile (82 km) tributary of Jordan Creek in the U.S. state of Oregon. The source of Cow Creek is at an elevation of 7,048 feet (2,148 m) near De Lamar, Idaho, while the mouth is at an elevation of 4,216 feet (1,285 m) at Danner. Cow Creek has a 330-square-mile (850 km2) watershed.

De Lamar, Idaho
De Lamar (also DeLamar) is a ghost town in Owyhee County, Idaho, United States.  Its elevation is 5,463 ft (1,665 m), and it is approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) west of Silver City.  The community lies within an area governed by the Bureau of Land Management.

The community formed around the De Lamar Mine, which was established in 1888.  Named for mining magnate and former sea captain Joseph Raphael De Lamar, the mine and community quickly boomed and busted, declining after 1890.  Despite the community's decline, it continued to exist as a populated community for several decades; it was the location of a summer-only post office from 1917 to 1930.

In 1976, the ghost town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.  Although the district included an area of approximately 1,600 acres (650 ha), only four of the community's buildings remained in sufficient condition to qualify as contributing properties.
Nikolai Serno-Solovyevich
Nikolai Alexandrovich Serno-Solovyevich (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Се́рно-Соловье́вич) (13 December 1834 in Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia – 14 February 1866 in Irkutsk) was a Russian publicist and revolutionary who was one of the founders of the far-left organisation Zemlya i Volya.

A radical who rejected both the 1861 reforms and capitalism, seeing revolution as the only way forward for Russia, he was a regular correspondent to different publications of the Free Russian Press. A friend of Alexander Hertzen and Nikolai Ogaryov, as well as Nikolai Chernyshevsky, he became a pivotal link between the Saint Petersburg and the London centres of the Russian revolutionary movement. Arrested on 7 July 1862 alongside Chernyshevsky and taken to the Petropavlovskaya Fortress where he remained until 1865, Serno was deported to Siberia and died in 1866 in Irkutsk.

Alexander Herzen
Alexander Ivanovich Herzen (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен, romanized: Aleksándr Ivánovich Gértsen; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1812 – 21 January [O.S. 9 January] 1870) was a Russian writer and thinker known as the precursor of Russian socialism and one of the main precursors of agrarian populism (being an ideological ancestor of the Narodniki, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Trudoviks and the agrarian American Populist Party). With his writings, many composed while exiled in London, he attempted to influence the situation in Russia, contributing to a political climate that led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He published the important social novel Who is to Blame? (1845–46). His autobiography, My Past and Thoughts (written 1852–1870), is often considered one of the best examples of that genre in Russian literature.
36 Arietis
36 Arietis is a star in the northern constellation of Aries. 36 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is a dim, orange-hued star that is a challenge to view with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.40. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.71±0.02 mas, this star is located 374 light-years (114.8 parsecs) away from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −34 km/s, and is a member of the Wolf 630 moving group of stars that share a common motion through space.

This object is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K2 III. It is around two million years old with a similar mass as the Sun. With the hydrogen at its core exhausted, the star has expanded to ten times the girth of the Sun. It has a higher than solar metallicity, showing a high abundance of iron in its spectrum. The star is radiating 44 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,749 K.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Colorado Springs 1998
Colorado Springs 1998 is a complete concert released on CD on June 28, 2011 by American rock group Widespread Panic. The performance was recorded live at the City Auditorium Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado on October 20, 1998.  The multi-track recordings featured all original band members including late guitarist Michael Houser.

Dave Schools
David Allen Schools (born December 11, 1964) is a bass player and founding member of American rock band Widespread Panic. He is also a record producer, songwriter and journalist with articles published in a wide variety of music magazines. Schools lives in Sonoma County, California with his two dogs; when not on tour he likes to garden.

Schools is an innovator on the bass with a non-traditional approach that has given him a unique voice on the instrument. With his primary band, Widespread Panic, he plays a six-string Modulus Quantum 6 bass that affords him a wide range of sounds that are further enhanced by an envelope filter and octave pedal. Influenced by an early desire to play drums and childhood piano lessons, Schools has deviated from, though not abandoned, the established rhythm role of the bass and created a more melodic, improvisational style that has been referred to as “lead bass.”
GBAR experiment
GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Anti hydrogen at Rest), AD-7 experiment, is a multinational collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN.

The GBAR project aims to measure the free-fall acceleration of ultra-cold neutral anti-hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial gravitational field. By measuring the free fall acceleration of anti-hydrogen and comparing it with acceleration of normal hydrogen, GBAR is testing the equivalence principle proposed by Albert Einstein. The equivalence principle says that the gravitational force on a particle is independent of its internal structure and composition.

Equivalence principle
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times. The extended form by Albert Einstein requires special relativity to also hold in free fall and requires the weak equivalence to be valid everywhere. This form was a critical input for the development of the theory of general relativity. The strong form requires Einstein's form to work for stellar objects. Highly precise experimental tests of the principle limit possible deviations from equivalence to be very small.
Narayan Khola
Narayan Khola  (Nepali: नारायण खोला) is a neighborhood in Lalbandi municipality in Sarlahi district in Madhesh Province of south-eastern Nepal. It was previously a village development committee in Sarlahi in the Janakpur Zone. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,309 in 561 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Quingestrone
Quingestrone, also known as progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether (PCPE) and sold under the brand name Enol-Luteovis, is a progestin medication which was previously used in birth control pills in Italy but is now no longer marketed. It is taken by mouth.

Quingestrone is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak glucocorticoid activity.

Quingestrone was introduced for medical use by 1962. It is no longer available.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.