hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GMD NF210
The NF210 is a diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Diesel for service with Canadian National Railways narrow gauge network on the island of Newfoundland (see Newfoundland Railway and Terra Transport).

The design was based on the earlier NF110 locomotives, also built for CNR in Newfoundland.  The engines were some of the very few 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge locomotives in North America. Thirty-eight were built between 1956 and 1960.  The last examples were retired in 1990 and afterwards six example were preserved across Newfoundland. Eleven examples were exported to Chile, eight to Nicaragua, and two to Nigeria.

Rail transport in Nicaragua
As of 2012, there is no rail transport in Nicaragua.  All traffic has been suspended since September 2001, ending several decades of a steady decline.  In the past, there were 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge railroads on the Pacific coast, connecting major cities.  A private 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line also formerly operated on the Atlantic coast.
Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment, in the context of international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such as economics, development studies, and postcolonial studies. Used primarily to distinguish states along benchmarks concerning human development—such as macro-economic growth, health, education, and standards of living—an "underdeveloped" state is framed as the antithesis of a "developed", modern, or industrialized state. Popularized, dominant images of underdeveloped states include those that have less stable economies, less democratic political regimes, greater poverty, malnutrition, and poorer public health and education systems.

Underdevelopment per Walter Rodney is primarily made of two components, a comparative aspect as well the relationship of exploitation: namely, the exploitation of one country by another.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Tuvaluan language
Tuvaluan (/ˌtuːvəˈluːən/), often called Tuvalu, is a Polynesian language closely related to the Ellicean group spoken in Tuvalu. It is more or less distantly related to all other Polynesian languages, such as Hawaiian, Māori, Tahitian, Samoan, Tokelauan and Tongan, and most closely related to the languages spoken on the Polynesian Outliers in Micronesia and Northern and Central Melanesia. Tuvaluan has borrowed considerably from Samoan, the language of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The population of Tuvalu is approximately 10,645 people (2017 Mini Census), but there are estimated to be more than 13,000 Tuvaluan speakers worldwide. In 2015, it was estimated that more than 3,500 Tuvaluans live in New Zealand, with about half that number born in New Zealand and 65 percent of the Tuvaluan community in New Zealand is able to speak Tuvaluan.

Tahitian language
Tahitian (autonym: reo Tahiti, pronounced [ˈreo tahiti], part of reo Māʼohi, [ˈreo ˈmaːʔohi], languages of French Polynesia) is a Polynesian language, spoken mainly on the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It belongs to the Eastern Polynesian group.

As Tahitian had no written tradition before the arrival of the Western colonists, the spoken language was first transcribed by missionaries of the London Missionary Society in the early 19th century.
Hundred of Elmbridge
The Hundred of Elmbridge or Elmbridge/Emley Hundred was a geographic subdivision (called a "hundred") in the north of the county of Surrey, England. The majority of its area forms the modern Borough of Elmbridge, with the remainder forming part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in Greater London.

Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames
The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a borough in southwest London. The main town is Kingston upon Thames and it includes Chessington, Malden Rushett, New Malden, Surbiton and Tolworth. It is the oldest of the four royal boroughs in England. The others are Windsor and Maidenhead, the site of Windsor Castle, and the London boroughs of Greenwich, and Kensington and Chelsea. The local authority is Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from north) are the London boroughs of Richmond upon Thames, Wandsworth, Merton and Sutton, and the Surrey districts of Epsom and Ewell, Mole Valley and Elmbridge.
Blackbird Vineyards
Blackbird Vineyards is a Napa Valley based winery.  It is part of the Bespoke Collection. Founder Michael Polenske wanted to create a winery that focused on producing wines from Merlot grapes, which fits with the name "Blackbird", as merlot means "young blackbird", in French patois. Blackbird Vineyards creates wines inspired by the Pomerol area of France. The winery calls their wines "California Bordeaux".

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
Robert Breaden
Christianity portal

The Rev Canon  Robert William Breaden  was Dean of Brechin from 1984 until 2007.

He was born on 7 November 1937, educated at The King's Hospital and ordained in 1962. He was a Curate at Broughty Ferry and then Rector of the Church of the Holy Rood, Carnoustie from 1965 to 1972. That year he returned to Broughty Ferry and also became a Canon of St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee.

He died on 3 July 2025.

Records relating to his incumbency at St Mary's are held by Archive Services at the University of Dundee, as part of the archives of the Brechin Diocese.

Carnoustie
Carnoustie (/kɑːrˈnuːsti/; Scottish Gaelic: Càrn Ùstaidh) is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is at the mouth of the Barry Burn on the North Sea coast. In the 2011 census, Carnoustie had a population of 11,394, making it the fourth-largest town in Angus.
The town was founded in the late 18th century, and grew rapidly throughout the 19th century due to the growth of the local textile industry. It was popular as a tourist resort from the early Victorian era up to the latter half of the 20th century, due to its seaside location, and is best known for the Carnoustie Golf Links course that often hosts the Open Championship.

Carnoustie can be considered a dormitory town for its nearest city, Dundee, which is 11 miles (18 kilometres) to the west. It is served principally by Carnoustie railway station, and also by Golf Street railway station. Its nearest major road is the A92, north of the town.
WSLQ
WSLQ (99.1 FM "Q99") is a commercial radio station licensed to Roanoke, Virginia, serving the New River Valley and Southwest Virginia. The station airs an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.  It is owned and operated by Mel Wheeler, Inc., with studios and offices on Electric Road in Roanoke.  WSLQ's transmitter is off Honeysuckle Road in Bent Mountain.

WSLQ has one of the largest coverage areas of all FM radio stations in the United States. Its effective radiated power (ERP) is 200,000 watts, broadcasting from a tower at 1962 feet (598 meters) in height above average terrain (HAAT).  The Class C signal can be heard into West Virginia and North Carolina, and at times is picked up more than 200 miles away.  The station was established in 1947, grandfathered at unusually high wattage before current Federal Communications Commission rules on FM power were set. Today, the top allowable power for FM stations is 100,000 watts.

Bent Mountain, Virginia
Bent Mountain is an unincorporated community in Roanoke County, Virginia, United States. Bent Mountain is located on U.S. Route 221, 13.6 miles (21.9 km) southwest of Roanoke. Bent Mountain has a post office with ZIP code 24059.
Andy Wibowo
Andy Wibowo (born June 9, 1980) is an Indonesian former swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. He won a bronze medal in the 100 m butterfly (55.59) at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand.

Wibowo qualified for the men's 100 m butterfly at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by posting a FINA B-standard of 55.86 from SEA Games in Hanoi, Vietnam. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including 17-year-old Michal Rubáček of the Czech Republic. He raced to sixth place by nearly two seconds behind winner Rubacek, outside his entry time of 56.86. Wibowo failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fifty-fourth overall in the preliminaries.

In 2009, Wibowo embarked on a new career as a triathlete. Since then, he has competed in numerous tournaments across Southeast Asia, including the annual MRA Bali International Triathlon, where he claimed at least two age group titles.

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly
The men's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 19 and 20.

U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke an Olympic record of 51.25 to claim his fifth gold medal, edging out his teammate and world record holder Ian Crocker by four hundredths of a second (0.04). Meanwhile, Ukraine's Andriy Serdinov earned a bronze in a European record of 51.36. Earlier in the semifinals, Serdinov blasted a new Olympic record, previously set by Australia's Geoff Huegill in Sydney four years ago, with a time of 51.74. One heat later, Phelps stopped the clock at 51.61 to lower the record by 0.13 of a second.
Ruggero Trevisan
Ruggero Trevisan (born 12 March 1990) is a former Italian rugby union player who played as a fullback.

After Aironi collapsed because of financial problems, Trevisan moved to the Italian franchise Zebre, along with many of the Aironi team.

Zebre Parma
Zebre Parma (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdzɛbre], meaning "Zebras") are an Italian professional rugby union team competing in the United Rugby Championship and EPCR competitions from the 2012–13 season. They are based in Parma (Emilia-Romagna), Italy. They are operated by the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) and replaced Aironi in the Pro12.

Zebre Parma, often referred to as "the XV of the North-West" (Italian: il XV del Nord-Ovest), represents the four committees of Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Lombardy and Piedmont, which includes tens of thousands of members and several clubs. Since 2018, it represents also teams from others committees like Abruzzo, Lazio, Marche, Tuscany and Sicily. The team was officially named Zebre Parma at the start of the 2021–22 United Rugby Championship season.
2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round
The 2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round was an auto race held at the Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal on 17–19 September 2010.  Serving as the seventh round of the 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season, the FIA GT1 race served as part of the larger Portimão Supercar event and was joined by the FIA GT3 European Championship, GT4 European Cup, and Superleague Formula.  The former FIA GT Championship previously raced at the Algarve circuit in 2009.

Vitaphone Racing
Vitaphone Racing, or Vita4One, was a German racing team who participated in the FIA GT Championship. The team was actually Bartels Motor & Sport GmbH, but operated under the title of its main sponsor, Vitaphone GmbH. They have successfully raced the Maserati MC12 GT1 since 2005, becoming one of the most successful GT teams in the series with five FIA GT1 Teams' Championship and four FIA GT1 Drivers' Championship. Their chief drivers were Michael Bartels and Andrea Bertolini.
First Congregational Church (Malone, New York)
First Congregational Church is a historic church at 2 Clay Street in Malone, New York.
The third building of the congregation on the site, it was built in 1883.  The congregation was the first formed in Franklin County, NY, in 1807, with the first settled pastor in the county (Rev. Ashbel Parmelee).  The congregation erected its first church building in 1826 and replaced that first stone building with a second, of brick, in 1852.  It is this second building that is thought to have been built with passages to secret escaping slaves on their way to Canada.  One of these tunnels is extant in the basement of the current church building.  Vice President William A. Wheeler was a member of the church.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
Kids for Kids
Kids for Kids is a British nonprofit charity formed in 2001 to help children struggling to survive in remote villages in Darfur, Sudan. It is the only charity created specifically to help the children of Darfur.  Kids for Kids has been previously listed in the top three UK charities for the International Development Charity of the Year at the UK Charity Awards.

The charity was founded by Patricia Parker OBE to support children facing hardship in remote villages of Darfur.  Kids for Kids provides long term sustainable projects, identified by the communities themselves and, uniquely, run by them. Projects transform the lives of individual families, helping them out of abject poverty immediately, and transforming the whole community long term.

UK Charity Awards
The UK Charity Awards are annual awards for outstanding achievements within the UK not-for-profit sector. Categories reflect the management of charities and not-for-profits, and awards are made to individuals, departments and whole organizations. In 2023, there were 12 award categories.

Past individual winners have included Lord Rix and Richard Curtis, both for the Lifetime Achievement Award.

The event is hosted by Charity Times magazine, with help from BBC Training and Development and The Community Channel, as well as commercial sponsors such as Barclays, JLA, Sage Group BDO Global, CCLA, Investec.
AINUR
The Atlas of Images of NUclear Rings (AINUR) is a catalogue of nuclear rings, which are enormous star-forming ring-shaped regions that circle certain galactic nuclei. The first edition of the atlas was published in 2010 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and includes 113 such rings in 107 galaxies. The catalogue resulted from a joint study by researchers from the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands (IAC) and the universities of La Laguna, Oulu and Alabama led by Sébastien Comerón from the IAC.

Nuclear rings are star-forming configurations around galactic nuclei. They may vary in diameter from 500 to 3,000 light years, and are relatively bright due to an abundance of young stars, some of which are extremely massive and consequently enjoy short, very bright lives before ending as supernovae. Most of these rings are associated with Lindblad resonance (after Bertil Lindblad) which is a gravitational effect that nudges matter into preferred orbits.

University of Oulu
The University of Oulu (Finnish: Oulun yliopisto) is one of the largest universities in Finland, located in the city of Oulu. It was founded on July 8, 1958. The university has around 14,200 students and 3,800 staff. 21 International Master's Programmes are offered at the university. The university is often ranked as one of the best universities in Finland and in the top 400 worldwide.
Poritia phalena
Poritia phalena, the broad-banded brilliant, is a small butterfly found in India and South-East Asia that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1874.

William Chapman Hewitson
William Chapman Hewitson (9 January 1806, in Newcastle upon Tyne – 28 May 1878, in Oatlands Park, Surrey) was a British naturalist. A wealthy collector, Hewitson was particularly devoted to Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and, also, to birds' nests and eggs. His collection of butterflies, collected by him as well as purchased from travellers throughout the world, was one of the largest and most important of his time. He contributed to and published many works on entomology and ornithology and was an accomplished scientific illustrator.
St. Matthews School (North Carolina)
St. Matthews School, also known as St. Matthew School, is a historic Rosenwald School building located near Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. It was built in 1922, and is a one-story, frame building with a hipped roof and sheathed in weatherboard. It sits on a concrete block foundation. The school closed in 1949. St. Matthews Baptist Church owns the school and uses the building as a meeting hall.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Concrete block
A concrete block, also known as a cinder block in North American English, breeze block in British English, or concrete masonry unit (CMU), or by various other terms, is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.

Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight, improve insulation and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.

Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.
Aya Ben Ron
Aya Ben Ron (Hebrew: איה בן רון; born 1967) is an Israeli multidisciplinary artist, known for site-specific projects, installations and videos that examine prospects of caregiving and medical ethics. Ben Ron lives and works in Tel Aviv, Israel, and is a professor at The School of the Arts, University of Haifa.

Wellcome Trust
The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation focused on health research based in London, United Kingdom. It was established in 1936 with legacies from the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome (founder of Burroughs Wellcome, one of the predecessors of GSK plc) to fund research to improve human and animal health. The aim of the Trust is to "support science to solve the urgent health challenges facing everyone." It had a financial endowment of £37.6 billion in 2025, making it the fourth wealthiest charitable foundation in the world. In 2012, the Wellcome Trust was described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research, and one of the largest providers in the world. According to their annual report, the Wellcome Trust spent GBP £1.1 billion on charitable activities across their 2023/2024 financial year. According to the OECD, the Wellcome Trust's financing for 2019 development increased by 22% to US$327 million.
Appendicular vein
The appendicular vein is the vein which drains blood from the vermiform appendix. It is located in the mesoappendix and accompanies the appendicular artery. The appendicular vein drains into the ileocolic vein.

Mesentery
In human anatomy, the mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, consisting of a double fold of the peritoneum. It helps (among other functions) in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines.

The mesocolon (the part of the mesentery that attaches the colon to the abdominal wall) was formerly thought to be a fragmented structure, with all named parts—the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix, and the mesorectum—separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. However, in 2012, new microscopic and electron microscopic examinations showed the mesocolon to be a single structure derived from the duodenojejunal flexure and extending to the distal mesorectal layer. Thus the mesentery is an internal organ.
Flag of Kirkcudbrightshire
The Flag of Kirkcudbrightshire is the flag of the county and Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. It was registered with the Flag Institute as the flag of the county on 11 June 2016 after the Lord Lieutenant petitioned the Lord Lyon.

It features a counterchanged design of green and white, with a charge of the pectoral cross found on the body of Saint Cuthbert, the patron saint of Northumbria.

Lord Lyon King of Arms
The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in that country, issuing new grants of arms, and serving as the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon, the oldest heraldic court in the world that is still in daily operation.

The historic title of the post was the High Sennachie, and he was given the title of Lord Lyon from the lion in the coat of arms of Scotland.

The post was in the early nineteenth century held by an important nobleman, the Earl of Kinnoull, whose functions were in practice carried out by the Lyon-Depute. The practice of appointing Lyon-Deputes, however, ceased in 1866.