hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ellipsometry
Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry measures the change of polarization upon reflection or transmission and compares it to a model.

It can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation that interacts with the material being investigated.

A spectroscopic ellipsometer can be found in most thin film analytical labs. Ellipsometry is also becoming more interesting to researchers in other disciplines such as biology and medicine. These areas pose new challenges to the technique, such as measurements on unstable liquid surfaces and microscopic imaging.

Surface roughness
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property. It has different interpretations and definitions depending on the disciplines considered.

In surface metrology, surface roughness is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth. Roughness is typically assumed to be the high-frequency, short-wavelength component of a measured surface. However, in practice it is often necessary to know both the amplitude and frequency to ensure that a surface is fit for a purpose.
The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons
The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons by John Wesley Powell is a classic of American exploration literature. It is about the Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869 which was the first trip down the Colorado River by boat, including the first trip through the Grand Canyon.

Powell's first written accounts of his exploration appeared in the January, February and March 1875 editions of Scribner’s Monthly as "The Canons of the Colorado". The Smithsonian published it in book form in 1875 under title Report of the Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and Its Tributaries. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872, under the direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. It was revised and published in 1895 as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons.

It includes hundreds of wood engravings based on photographs by E.O. Beaman, James Fennemore and John Karl Hillers, and drawings by Thomas Moran.

James Fennemore
James H. Fennemore (1849–1941) was an American photographer. The Getty Museum has a collection of his work.  The Library of Congress also has his work in their collection. The James Fennemore House in Beaver, Utah is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Rayong Aquarium
The Rayong Aquarium (Thai: สถานแสดงพันธุ์สัตว์น้ำระยอง) is a public aquarium in the town of Rayong, Rayong Province, Thailand. It is located by the bay of Ban Phe. Owned and operated jointly by the Department of Fisheries of Thailand and the Eastern Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, the aquarium hosts 43 aquarium tanks with the capacity of 1-4 tons each, an underwater glass tunnel, an outdoor shark and ray pond, a shell museum, and fishing boat exhibitions.

The aquarium keeps various kinds of fish and sea plants, while the centre conducts research on marine biology and behaviors of marine life.

Ton
A ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses.

As a unit of mass, ton can mean:

the long ton, which is 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kilograms)

the tonne, also called the metric ton, which is 1,000 kilograms (about 2,204.6 pounds) or 1 megagram.

the short ton, which is 2,000 pounds (907.2 kilograms)

Its original use as a unit of volume has continued in the capacity of cargo ships and in units such as the freight ton and a number of other units, ranging from 35 to 100 cubic feet (0.99 to 2.83 m3) in size.

Because the ton (of any system of measuring weight) is usually the heaviest unit named in colloquial speech, its name also has figurative uses, singular and plural, informally meaning a large amount or quantity, or to a great degree, as in "There's a ton of bees in this hive," "We have tons of homework," and "I love you a ton."
Brady's Irish Cream
Brady's Irish Cream is an Irish whiskey and cream based liqueur that is produced in Ireland, northwest of Dublin. The brand is owned by New York-based company Castle Brands Inc. It is comparable to other cream liqueurs like Bailey's and Amarula.

Castle Brands
Castle Brands is a developer and international marketer of premium and super premium beverage alcohol brands. Its core spirits include rum, whiskey/bourbon and liqueurs, which are marketed and sold in the United States, Canada, Europe, Latin America and Asia.>

The company has built its portfolio with both wide market and niche liquor products, including Jefferson's Presidential Collection whiskies. It distributes its products in all 50 states in the United States and the District of Columbia, in thirteen primary international markets, including Ireland, Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Germany, Canada, South Africa, Bulgaria, France, Russia, Finland, Norway, Sweden, China and the Duty Free markets, and in a number of other countries in continental Europe, Asia and Latin America.
Aboke abductions
The Aboke abductions were the kidnapping of 139 secondary school female students from St. Mary's College Secondary school by rebels of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) on 10 October 1996, in Aboke, Kole District (then part of Apac District), Uganda. The deputy head mistress of the college, Sister Rachele Fassera of Italy, pursued the rebels and successfully negotiated the release of 109 of the girls. The Aboke abductions and Fassera's dramatic actions drew international attention, unprecedented at that time, to the insurgency in northern Uganda. A book titled "Aboke Girls" was written by Els De Temmerman about the abductions and effects of the abductions.

Aboke Girls Memorial  aka Aboke Girls Monument was constructed in remembrance of the 139 girls who were abducted and killed by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), others were forced to become soldiers, sex slaves, wives for the LRA soldiers. The monument is located near Lira District headquarters.

Gulu
Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda and is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city id Kampala is 333 kilometres (207 mi) from Kampala by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.
Adolphus W. Burtt
Adolphus W. Burtt (May 28, 1832 – January 7, 1917) was an American attorney and politician.  He is most notable for his service in the South Dakota Senate in the early 1890s and as Attorney General of South Dakota in the early 1900s.

West Bloomfield, New York
West Bloomfield is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 2,760 at the 2020 census.

The Town of West Bloomfield is on the county's western border and sits parallel to the Town of East Bloomfield, both of which lie south of the City of Rochester.
Torre de Babel (TV series)
Torre de Babel (English: Tower of Babel) is a Brazilian primetime telenovela produced by TV Globo and broadcast in its traditional schedule of 9 p.m. between 25 May 1998 and 16 January 1999.

Starring Tarcísio Meira, Glória Menezes, Cláudia Raia, Edson Celulari, Letícia Sabatella, Marcos Palmeira, Adriana Esteves, Juca de Oliveira, Natália do Vale, Maitê Proença and Tony Ramos in the lead roles.

Adriana Esteves
Adriana Esteves Agostinho Brichta (born 15 December 1969) is a Brazilian actress. Internationally known for her works in telenovelas, such as Brazil Avenue (2012) and A Mother's Love (2021).

She was nominated twice for the International Emmy Award, for her works in Songs of Betrayal (Dalva e Herivelto: uma Canção de Amor) and Above Justice (Justiça).
Roger Berliner
Roger Berliner (born February 12, 1951) is a former member of the Montgomery County Council from 2006 to 2018. He represented District 1, which includes parts of Poolesville, Potomac, Bethesda, and Chevy Chase.

Clarksburg, Maryland
Clarksburg is a census-designated place and an unincorporated area in northern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is located at the northern end of the Interstate 270 technology corridor, approximately four miles north of Germantown. As of the 2020 census, Clarksburg had a population of 29,051.
Damalie (TV series)
Damalie is a Ugandan award winning drama television series created and starring actress and producer Doreen Mirembe in the title role. It premiered on MultiChoice Uganda's  Pearl Magic Prime Channel in Uganda on 8 August 2023 and soon afterwards aired on Pearl Magic, Pearl Magic Loko and Showmax the same year.

The show's second season premiered on September 30, 2024 airing three days a week in a new timeslot on all channels replacing Beloved.

In July 2025, it was announced that the show would air five days a week Mondays to Fridays from the previous three days Monday to Wednesday schedule

The show won several awards for Best TV Series Drama at the Uganda Film Festival Awards 2024 and 2025, Mashariki African Film Festival, IKON Awards, New Vision Awards and Pearl International Film Festival in 2024. Doreen Mirembe also won the Best Actress Award in a TV Series from all the above mentioned awarding bodies for her role in the show.

Mashariki African Film Festival
Mashariki Africa Film Festival (MAFF) is a Rwandan-based film event that highlights and awards films by Africans and African diaspora. The word 'Mashariki' means 'East' in Kiswahili. The first edition of the festival was in 2015.

The event did not take place in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19.pandemic

The festival was founded by Tresor Senga. Floriane Kaneza was its artistic director from 2016 to 2018.
Keystone, Ohio
Keystone (previously known as Keystone Station) is an unincorporated community in Bloomfield Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States. It is located south of the city of Jackson, at the intersection of Franklin Valley Road and Keystone Station Road, at 38°59′17″N 82°36′33″W﻿ / ﻿38.98806°N 82.60917°W﻿ / 38.98806; -82.60917.

Keystone was founded as a company town for the Keystone Furnace, built between 1849 and 1853.  The furnace itself is still standing at 39°00′36″N 82°26′55″W﻿ / ﻿39.01000°N 82.44861°W﻿ / 39.01000; -82.44861, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  At one time, the community had a population of 300-500 people.  The post office was originally established as the Hughes Post Office on November 7, 1848.  The name was changed to Keystone Post Office on October 1, 1849, and the branch was discontinued on July 16, 1853.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Ohio
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Ohio.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Jackson County, Ohio, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
The Strip (Australian TV series)
The Strip is an Australian television drama series that screened on the Nine Network. The series premiered on the Nine Network at 8:30pm on 4 September 2008 but was moved to a later 10:30pm timeslot from 13 November 2008. The show did not return for a second season, due to disappointing ratings.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
1918 United States Senate election in Tennessee
The 1918 United States Senate election in Tennessee took place on November 5, 1918, concurrently with the United States Senate elections in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Senator John K. Shields won re-election to a second term, defeating Republican candidate Henry Clay Evans. Turnout is believed to have been influenced by the Spanish flu epidemic.

This was the second popular election for U.S. Senator held in Tennessee, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

John K. Shields
John Knight Shields (August 15, 1858 – September 30, 1934) was a Democratic United States senator from Tennessee from 1913 to 1925. He also served as an associate justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court.
Banchero
Banchero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Banchero (1744–1793), Italian painter

Chris Banchero (born 1989), American basketball player

Elvio Banchero (1904–1982), Italian football player

Paolo Banchero (born 2002), American basketball player

Rhonda Banchero (born 1973), American basketball player

Paolo Banchero
Paolo Napoleon James Banchero (/ˈpaʊloʊ bæŋˈkɛəroʊ/ POW-loh bang-KAIR-oh; Italian: Paolo Napoleone Giacomo Banchero [ˈpaːolo baŋˈkɛːro]; born November 12, 2002) is an Italian-American professional basketball player for the Orlando Magic of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils. Banchero was named the Rookie of the Year of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in 2022. Following his freshman season, he declared for the 2022 NBA draft, where he was selected with the first overall pick by the Orlando Magic. Banchero was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2023.
Fantasy (gamer)
Jung Myung-hoon, known as By.Fantasy or Fantasy, is a South Korean League of Legends head coach for SANDBOX Challengers of the LCK Challengers League. Formerly a StarCraft and StarCraft2 player, he is one of 3 Terrans to be under the wing of Choi "iloveoov" Yeon-sung.

League of Legends Champions Korea
League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) is the primary competition for League of Legends esports in South Korea. Contested by ten teams, the league runs two seasons per year and serves as a direct route to qualification for the annual League of Legends World Championship. The LCK is administered in cooperation between Riot Games and KeSPA.

The league was formerly named League of Legends Champions before undergoing a major restructuring in late 2014, which saw a change in the competition's format and a rebranding to its current name. OGN reserved exclusive broadcasting rights of the league until 2016 when rights were split with SPOTV Games. In 2019, Riot Games took over the broadcasting of LCK. In 2021 the LCK franchised, and Challengers Korea (CK) and the LCK promotion tournament were discontinued.

Teams from the LCK have won the World Championship a record ten times, including five consecutive titles from 2013 to 2017.
Ministry of Commerce (Thailand)
The Ministry of Commerce (Abrv: MOC; Thai: กระทรวงพาณิชย์, RTGS: Krasuang Phanit) is a cabinet ministry in the government of Thailand. The Minister of Commerce is a member of the Cabinet of Thailand. The ministry is responsible for trade, prices of important agricultural goods, consumer protection, entrepreneurship, insurance, intellectual property protection, exports, and representing Thailand at the World Trade Organization. The Ministry of Commerce was established by royal command of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) on August 20, 1920, by raising the Department of Commerce and Statistics in the Ministry of Finance to a ministry called the Commerce Dissemination Council. Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana, the older half-brother of King Vajiravudh was appointed as the first president of the council, with a status equivalent to that of a minister. The ministry moved to its present premises in Nonthaburi in 1989.

Vajiravudh
Vajiravudh  (1 January 1881 – 26 November 1925) was the sixth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama VI. He reigned from 1910 until his death in 1925. King Vajiravudh is best known for his efforts to create and promote Siamese nationalism. His reign was characterized by Siam's further Westernization, minimal participation in World War I, and lavish spending on arts and culture. He had keen interests in Siamese history, archaeology, and literature, as well as economics, politics and world affairs, and founded the country's first university, Chulalongkorn University.
Ryan Stevenson (singer)
Ryan Dale Stevenson (born January 21, 1979) is an American Christian music singer, musician and guitarist, who primarily plays a contemporary Christian music and worship style of music. He is signed to Gotee Records and TobyMac is a co-owner of the label. Stevenson released three extended plays, Yesterday, Today, Forever, with BEC Recordings; Champion of the World, independently; and Hold Nothing Back, with Gotee Records. His first studio album, Fresh Start, was released on September 18, 2015, with Gotee Records. He's had five songs chart on the Billboard charts, "Holding Nothing Back", "The Human Side", "Not Forgotten", "All Yours" and "Eye of the Storm".

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Anna Ospelt
Anna Ospelt (born 1987) is a Liechtensteiner writer. She was born in Vaduz, where she currently lives. She went to university in Basel, Switzerland.

Her books include:

Sammelglück (2015)

Wurzelstudien (2020)

Frühe Pflanzung (2023)

Wurzelstudien was nominated for the Clemens Brentano Prize. Frühe Pflanzung  was nominated for the EU Prize for Literature. Ospelt received a Nature Writing Scholarship from the Nantesbuch Foundation as part of the German Prize for Nature Writing in 2019.

Ospelt has also translated works of poetry from English to German.

Vaduz
Vaduz (German pronunciation: [faˈduts] ⓘ, High Alemannic pronunciation: [faˈdot͡s]) is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. The village, which is located along the Rhine, has 5,696 residents. The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, perched atop a steep hill overlooking the village. It is home to the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The village's distinctive architecture is also displayed in landmarks such as the Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House, Village Hall, the National Art Gallery, as well as the National Museum. Although Vaduz is the best-known village in the principality internationally, it is not the largest; neighbouring Schaan has a larger population.
Larry J. Seidman
Larry J. Seidman (March 23, 1950 – September 7, 2017) was an American neuropsychologist who served as a professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School starting in 2004, and as vice chair for research in the Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center starting in 2005. His research focused on the neuropsychology of epilepsy and schizophrenia. On September 7, 2017, he died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 67. Since 2018, the International Early Psychosis Association (IEPA) has awarded the annual Larry J. Seidman Award for Outstanding Mentorship in his honor.

Massachusetts Mental Health Center
The Massachusetts Mental Health Center is a historic psychiatric hospital complex at 75 Fenwood Road in the Longwood medical area of Boston, Massachusetts.

The center was founded in 1912 as the Boston Psychopathic Hospital.  Its original main building and power plant were built that year, with additions in later decades including a therapeutic wing (1954) and research building (1957).  The entire property was surrounded by an iron picket fence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, representing one of the nation's oldest psychiatric hospitals.  In 2009 the center's historic campus at 74 Fenwood Road was acquired by Partners HealthCare and demolished the following year.  The center continues to operate in modern facilities at 75 Fenwood Road.
Dahlman
Dahlman is a surname of Swedish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Gustaf Dahlman (1848–1920), Swedish executioner

Cecilia Dahlman (born 1968), retired Swedish tennis player

Gustaf Dahlman (born 1997), Swedish swimmer

Hjalmar Reinhold Dahlman (1909–1993), Canadian politician

James Dahlman (1856–1930), American politician

Jenni Dahlman (born 1981), Finnish model

Lasse Dahlman (1931–1975), Finnish sailor

Nanne Dahlman (born 1970), Finnish tennis player

Noah Dahlman (born 1989),  American basketball player

Peter Dahlman (born 1960), Norwegian curler and coach

Toni Dahlman (born 1979), Finnish ice hockey player

Peter Dahlman
Peter Dahlman (born (1960-12-28)December 28, 1960 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Norwegian male curler and coach.

As a coach of Norwegian wheelchair curling team he participated in 2018 Winter Paralympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics.
Thushari Jayasinghe
Thushari Jayasinghe is a Sri Lankan politician, lawyer and a member of the National People's Power. She was elected to the parliament in the 2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election representing Kandy Electoral District.

Kandy Electoral District
Kandy (Mahanuwara) electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Kandy in the Central province. The district currently elects 12 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 970,456 registered electors in 2010. It is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 04.
Bela Vista, São Tomé and Príncipe
Bela Vista (Portuguese for "Beautiful View") is a village in Lobata District on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 527 (2012 census). It lies 0.8 km south of Santo Amaro and 5 km northwest of the capital city São Tomé.

Lobata District
Lobata is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Its area is 105 km2 (41 sq mi), and its population is 19,365 (2012). The district seat is Guadalupe. It is divided into the four statistical subdistricts Guadalupe, Santo Amaro, Conde and Micoló.: 15