hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Bugaya by-election
The 2022 Bugaya by-election was a by-election held on 19 November 2022 for the Sabah State Legislative Assembly seat of Bugaya. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Manis Muka Mohd Darah on 17 November 2020. Manis Muka was a 2-term state assemblywoman first elected at the 2018 Sabah state election. She was a member of the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN).

The by-election was to be held within 60 days after the seat was declared vacant, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah, then Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin advised the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to declare an emergency to postpone the by-election. The emergency proclamation was eventually revoked on 7 October 2022. The by-election was held concurrently with the 2022 Malaysian general election and the 2022 Malaysian state elections for the state assemblies of Pahang, Perak and Perlis.

Pahang State Legislative Assembly
The Pahang State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Pahang) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Pahang. It is composed of 42 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state.

The Assembly convenes at the Wisma Seri Pahang in the state capital, Kuantan.
Valdosta State–West Georgia football rivalry
The Valdosta State–West Georgia football rivalry, commonly known as the Battle for the Peach Basket, is a college football rivalry game between two public universities in the U.S. state of Georgia, the Valdosta State University Blazers and the University of West Georgia Wolves that compete for the Peach Basket. The current winner is Valdosta State, who won, 36–34, on October 30, 2021. Valdosta State leads the all-time series, 28–14.

2014 NCAA Division II football season
The 2014 NCAA Division II football season, play of college football in the United States  organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began on September 4, 2014 and concluded with the National Championship Game of the NCAA Division II Football Championship on December 20, 2014 at Sporting Park in Kansas City, Kansas.  CSU Pueblo won the national title with a 13–0 win over Minnesota State. This was CSU Pueblo's first national title.
Édouard-Théophile Blanchard
Édouard-Théophile Blanchard (18 November 1844 – 24 October 1879, Paris) was a French painter. He was a student of François-Édouard Picot and Alexandre Cabanel at the École des Beaux Arts.

Blanchard won the Prix de Rome scholarship in 1868.

His works included The Death of Astyanax (1868) at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, Paris, Hylas Driven By the Nymbhs (1874) at the Musée des beaux-arts de Caen which would be destroyed in 1944 and Herodias (1874) at the Salon des artistes français (French Artist's Hall) as well as The Gods and the Mortals which was displayed at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Paris in 2004.

The Death of Astyanax (1868)

Idolatry of the Israelites in the desert, 1844, in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland’s collection.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
1997 Italian referendum
A seven-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 15 June 1997. Voters were asked whether they approved of the repealing of laws on topics including privatisation, conscientious objectors, hunting, the judiciary and journalists, as well as whether the Ministry of Agrarian Politics should be abolished. Although all seven proposals were approved by voters, the voter turnout of 30% was well below the 50% threshold and the results were invalidated.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Rebecca Sear
Rebecca Sear, FBA is a British anthropologist and academic, who specialises in evolutionary anthropology, demography and human behavioural ecology. Since 2024, she has been director of the Centre for Culture and Evolution at Brunel University London. She previously taught at the London School of Economics, Durham University and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

Sear undertook a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in anthropology at University College London which she completed in 2001. Her doctoral thesis was titled "Evolutionary demography of a rural Gambian population".

In July 2024, she was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.

Human behavioral ecology
Human behavioral ecology (HBE) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral and cultural diversity. HBE examines the adaptive design of traits, behaviors, and life histories of humans in an ecological context. One aim of modern human behavioral ecology is to determine how ecological and social factors influence and shape behavioral flexibility within and between human populations. Among other things, HBE attempts to explain variation in human behavior as adaptive solutions to the competing life-history demands of growth, development, reproduction, parental care, and mate acquisition. HBE overlaps with evolutionary psychology, human or cultural ecology, and decision theory. It is most prominent in disciplines such as anthropology and psychology where human evolution is considered relevant for a holistic understanding of human behavior.
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1906
The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian–Tatar war, the Armenian–Muslim war, Armenian–Azerbaijani war) was the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Caucasian Tatars, later known as Azerbaijanis throughout the Russian Caucasus in 1905–1906. The massacres started during the Russian Revolution of 1905. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhchivan, in August in Shusha and in November in Elizabethpol, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in Tiflis.

The violence led to a sense of distrust and animosity that persisted for many years. This tension largely resulted from the larger political and social issues of the time, rather than any inherent conflict between the Armenian and Tatar peoples.

Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Nakhichevan ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924.

The first flag of the Nakhichevan ASSR was introduced in 1937 and contained both Azerbaijani and Armenian text. In the 1940s, when the Azerbaijani Latin alphabet was being replaced by Cyrillic, the previous flag was replaced by a Soviet flag with the Azerbaijani Cyrillic text "Нахчыван МССР" in gold and a dark blue bar along the fess.

In 1990, it became the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic within the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Odisha State Election Commission
The Odisha State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in the Indian state of Odisha for ensuring that elections are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Odisha State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Odisha State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Odisha.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
Gaz Khun
Gaz Khun (Persian: گزخون, also Romanized as Gaz Khūn and Gazkhūn; also known as Gas Khūn) is a village in Bord Khun Rural District, Bord Khun District, Deyr County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 4 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters
Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters is a five-disc box set compilation of the recorded work of Elvis Presley during the decade of the 1970s. It was released in 1995 by RCA Records, catalog number 66670-2, following similar box sets that covered his musical output in the 1950s and both his non-soundtrack and soundtrack work of the 1960s. This set's initial long-box release included a set of collectable stamps duplicating the record jackets of the LP albums on which the tracks in the box set were originally released by RCA. It also includes a booklet with an extensive session list and discography, as well as a lengthy essay by Dave Marsh, some of it excerpted from his 1982 book on Presley. The box set was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on July 15, 1999.

Dave Marsh
Dave Marsh (born 1949 or 1950) is an American music critic and radio talk show host. He was an early editor of Creem magazine, has written for various publications such as Newsday, The Village Voice, and Rolling Stone, and has published numerous books about music and musicians, mostly focused on rock music. He is also a committee member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Luang Pu Kalong Techawanno
Luang Pu Kalong Techawanno (Thai: หลวงปู่กาลอง เตชะวณฺโณ; January 10, 1919 – September 11, 2009) was a Thai Buddhist monk of the Mahanikaya order. He was the former abbot of Wat Khao Laem in Sa Kaeo Province and was widely known for his meditation practice, amulet blessings, and reputed possession of a khiao kaew (sacred tooth).

Maha Nikaya
The Mahā Nikāya (literal translation: "great order") is one of the two principal monastic orders, or fraternities, of modern Thai, Laotian and Cambodian Buddhism. The term is used to refer to any Theravada monks not within the Dhammayuttika Nikaya, the other principal monastic order. The Maha Nikaya is the largest order of Theravada Buddhism in Thailand and Cambodia, in Thailand taking up over 90% of the Buddhist monks in the country.
MV Henry Stanley
MV Henry Stanley was a UK cargo motor ship that traded between Liverpool and West Africa. She was launched in 1929 in Scotland and sunk in 1942 in the North Atlantic.

Henry Stanley was built for the African Steamship Company Ltd, a subsidiary of Elder, Dempster & Company Ltd. In 1932 the parent company was reorganised as Elder Dempster Lines and in 1935 the African Steamship Co fleet was absorbed into the main Elder Dempster fleet.

Motor ship
A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V.

Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by the early 20th century, motorships began to cross the waters.
Konadu
Konadu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Konadu (1948—2011), Ghanaian guitarist

Asare Konadu (1932–1994), Ghanaian journalist, novelist and publisher

Maa Afia Konadu (1950–2019), Ghanaian media personality

Maxwell Konadu (born 1972), Ghanaian footballer and manager

Nana Konadu (born 1964 as Nana Yaw Konadu Yeboah), Ghanaian boxer of the 1980s, '90s and 2000s

Nana Konadu Agyeman (born 1948), the First Lady of Ghana

Yaw Konadu (born 1926), Ghanaian politician

Don-Angelo Konadu (born 2006), Dutch footballer

Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings
Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings (17 November 1948 – 23 October 2025) was a Ghanaian politician. She was married to President Jerry Rawlings and was the First Lady of Ghana from 4 June 1979 to 24 September 1979 and from 31 December 1981 to 7 January 2001. In 2016, she became the first woman to run for President of Ghana. In 2018, she published a memoir entitled It Takes a Woman.
Silicate perovskite
Silicate perovskite is either (Mg,Fe)SiO3 (the magnesium end-member is called bridgmanite) or CaSiO3 (calcium silicate known as davemaoite) when arranged in a perovskite structure. Silicate perovskites are not stable at Earth's surface, and mainly exist in the lower part of Earth's mantle, between about 670 and 2,700 km (420 and 1,680 mi) depth. They are thought to form the main mineral phases of the lower mantle, together with ferropericlase.

Calcium silicate
Calcium silicate can refer to several silicates of calcium including:

CaO·SiO2, wollastonite (CaSiO3)

2CaO·SiO2, larnite (Ca2SiO4)

3CaO·SiO2, alite or (Ca3SiO5)

3CaO·2SiO2, (Ca3Si2O7).

This article focuses on Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate, or by the shortened trade name Cal-Sil/Calsil. All calcium silicates are white free-flowing powders. Being strong, cheap and nontoxic, they are components of important structural materials.
Mark Pody
Mark Allen Pody (born April 23, 1956) is an American politician, elected as a Republican member of the Tennessee Senate from the 17th district, encompassing eastern parts of Davidson County and Wilson County. Pody resides in Lebanon, Tennessee.

Wilson County, Tennessee
Wilson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is in Middle Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 147,737. Its county seat is Lebanon. The largest city is Mt. Juliet. Wilson County is part of the Nashville metropolitan area.
Meintjes
Meintjes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doug Meintjes (1890–1979), South African cricketer

Henry Meintjes (1892–1949), South African flying ace

Johannes Meintjes (1923–1980), South African artist and writer

Laurens Meintjes (1868–1941), South African track cyclist

Louis Meintjes (born 1992), South African cyclist

Johannes Meintjes
Johannes Petrus Meintjes (19 May 1923 – 7 July 1980) was a South African artist and writer.

Meintjes grew up on his family's farm in the mountains near Molteno. 
He lived and worked in Cape Town for several years, taught art, travelled for exhibitions and won a range of South African and international awards.
In 1965 he retired to Molteno, where he focused on his writing. He went on to win several literary awards.
Weida (White Elster)
The Weida (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪda] ⓘ) is a non-navigable river in eastern Thuringia, Germany, left tributary of the White Elster. Most of its course is situated in the district of Greiz.

The Weida's source is near Pausa in Saxony; it then flows through the Thuringian Highland passing Zeulenroda-Triebes and through the eponymous Weida. It then feeds into the White Elster near Wünschendorf/Elster. Its tributaries include the Auma and the Leuba.

Greiz (district)
Greiz (/ɡraɪts/ gryts) is a Kreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) Saale-Holzland, Saale-Orla, district-free city Gera, the Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, Altenburger Land, and the two Saxon districts Zwickau and Vogtlandkreis.
Daugård
Daugård is a town, with a population of 1,121 (1 January 2025), in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated north of Vejle Fjord 4 km south of Hedensted and 11 km east of Vejle.

Daugård Church and the small manor of Williamsborg are located on the eastern outskirts of the town.

Vejle Fjord
Vejle Fjord is an East Jutland-type fjord in Denmark. It is approximately 22 km (14 mi) in length, and it stretches east from the town of Vejle at its head to the towns of Trelde Næs on the south side and Juelsminde on the north side at the mouth.  The fjord's generally calm surface waters are surrounded by low forested hills shaped by glaciers during the last ice age.

Public works projects have re-shaped the small rivers and countryside surrounding the fjord since the Middle Ages.

Highway E45 crosses the fjord just east of the town of Vejle on the Vejle Fjord Bridge.

A 2022 report by the University of Southern Denmark found that fjord was in a "poor environmental condition" due to high levels of nitrogen run-off from fertiliser use on farms. On 6 April 2024, an open air "funeral" attended by around 1,000 people were organized and held by Greenpeace and other local and environmental groups to decry the fjord's state.
Imelda Ximenes Belo
Imelda Felicyta Ximenes Belo (born 24 October 1998) is a Timorese swimmer in freestyle and butterfly races. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics, representing East Timor.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
The Arts Tonight
The Arts Tonight was a Canadian radio programme that aired weeknights from 10:00 to 10:40 p.m. on CBC Radio 2.

It debuted in 1988 with host Shelagh Rogers and covered theatre, dance, books, music and visual arts in Canada in a magazine and interview format. It was followed at 10:40 p.m. by Between the Covers. In 1993, it expanded for a time into a one-hour magazine show on Radio 2 followed by three hours of recorded concert performances of classical music; the concert portion was initially hosted by Paul Kennedy, and later by Peter Tiefenbach. This format lasted until 1996, when Tiefenbach moved to host a new daytime classical music show, Radio Concert Hall, while The Arts Tonight narrowed back down to a half-hour magazine format hosted on a rotating basis by Eleanor Wachtel, Erika Ritter and Carol Off.

In later years, the show was hosted solely by Wachtel.

The last episode aired on February 16, 2007.

Paul Kennedy (host)
Paul Kennedy is a broadcast journalist who worked at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He is a veteran broadcaster and award-winning documentarist, and is best known for being the host of the program Ideas on CBC Radio One from 1999 to his retirement in 2019.

In 1977, he researched and wrote his first documentary segment (on the subject of the fur trade), titled The Fur Trade Revisited. This was featured in an Ideas series entitled Red Man, White World.

While hosting Ideas, Kennedy continued to do documentary work.
Rubixanthin
Rubixanthin, or natural yellow 27,  is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a red-orange color found in rose hips.  As a food additive it used under the E number E161d as a food coloring; it is not approved for use in the USA or EU but is approved in Australia and New Zealand where it is listed as 161d.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
Nadakame Ulakam
Nadakame Ulakam is a 2011 Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Viji Thampi and starring Mukesh, Vinu Mohan, Sarayu, and Saranya Mohan in the lead roles. Its songs are composed by veteran music director Johnson with lyrics written by Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri. The film was released on 25 February.

Mukesh (actor)
Mukesh Madhavan (born Mukesh Babu; 5 March 1957), known mononymously as Mukesh, is an Indian actor, film producer, television presenter, and politician who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema besides also having sporadically appeared in Tamil-language films. In a film career spanning four decades, he has acted in over 275 Malayalam films.

He made his onscreen debut in the 1982 film Balloon in the leading role. His 1996 film Kaanaakkinaavu premiered at the IFFI and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. He co-produced Kadha Parayumbol (2007), which won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value. He also produced the 2012 film Thattathin Marayathu, which is considered one of the defining films of the Malayalam New Wave.

He was the chairman of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy. Mukesh is the current MLA representing the Kollam constituency of Kerala state.
Dongducheon Rock Festival
Dongducheon Rock Festival is an annual rock festival, which has been held in late summer since 1999 in Dongducheon, South Korea. The motto of the festival includes hopes and wishes for peaceful reunion of South and North Korea. It is considered one of major music festivals in South Korea.

Oh! Brothers
Oh! Brothers (Korean: 오! 부라더스) is a South Korean rock band that formed in 1998. The band was originally named the 'Orgasm Brothers', but prior to debuting in 2001 had been renamed to its current name. Since 1998, the band has performed in clubs in the Hongdae area, as well as on the streets and in subway stations.