hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jeewanu
Jeewanu (Sanskrit for "particles of life") are synthetic chemical particles that possess cell-like structure and seem to have some functional properties; that is, they are a model of primitive cells, or protocells. It was discovered in abiogenesis experiments conducted by Krishna Bahadur (20 January 1926 — 5 August 1994), an Indian chemist and his team in 1963. Using photochemical reaction, they produced coacervates, microscopic cell-like spheres from a mixture of simple organic and inorganic compounds. Bahadur named these particles 'Jeewanu' because they exhibit some of the basic properties of a cell, such as the presence of semipermeable membrane, amino acids, phospholipids and carbohydrates. Further, like living cells, they had several catalytic activities. Jeewanu are cited as models of protocells  for the origin of life, and as artificial cells.

Paraformaldehyde
Paraformaldehyde (PFA) is the smallest polyoxymethylene, the polymerization product of formaldehyde with a typical degree of polymerization of 8–100 units. Paraformaldehyde commonly has a slight odor of formaldehyde due to decomposition. Paraformaldehyde is a poly-acetal.
2016 LEN Super Cup
The 2016 LEN Super Cup was the 35th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for men's water polo clubs. The match took place between Croatian side VK Jug (2015–16 European Champions) and Italian side AN Brescia (Euro Cup's holder) at the Gruž City Pool in Dubrovnik, Croatia, on 14 December 2016.

The teams already faced each other in the 2006 edition. Jug defeated Brescia as it happened 10 years before and won the trophy for the second time, while the Italian team lost the Super Cup final for the third time in its history.

Bazen u Gružu
City Swimming Pool Gruž (Croatian: Gradski bazen u Gružu) or Jug Swimming Pool is a swimming pool in Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Together with Bazen Mladost in Zagreb, it was venue of the 2024 Men's European Water Polo Championship.
De Castellane
De Castellane is a Champagne producer based in the Épernay region of Champagne. The house, founded in 1895, produces both vintage and non-vintage cuvee as well as a blanc de blancs Chardonnay Champagne. The house is currently under the ownership of Laurent-Perrier.

Champagne
Champagne (/ʃæmpeɪn/; French: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ⓘ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation.

The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well.

Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class.
Great Bahama Canyon
The Great Bahama Canyon is a V-shaped submarine canyon system in the Bahamas that cuts between the Abaco Islands to the north and Eleuthera island to the south. It separates the Bahama Banks and forms one of the deepest underwater canyon systems known. There are three branches: the Tongue of the Ocean running south between Andros and New Providence, and the northeast and northwest Providence Channel. The canyon walls reach heights of 5 kilometres (3 mi), taller than any canyon walls on land. This canyon system has remained open through a process of submarine erosion.

Bahama Banks
The Bahama Banks are the submerged carbonate platforms located in the archipelago of The Bahamas within the Lucayan Archipelago.  The term is usually applied in referring to either the Great Bahama Bank around Andros Island, or the Little Bahama Bank of Grand Bahama Island and Great Abaco, which are the largest of the platforms, and the Cay Sal Bank. The three banks of the Turks and Caicos Islands, namely the Caicos Bank of the Caicos island group, the Turks Bank of the Turks island group, and the submerged Mouchoir Bank, and the two banks  north of the Dominican Republic in Hispaniola, namely the submerged Silver Bank and Navidad Bank, are geographically and geologically part of the Lucayan Archipelago, which entire carbonate platform is often generally referred to as the Bahamas platform.
2008 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 2008 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the 2008 NCAA football season.  The team was coached by Bill Cubit and played their homes game in Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Western Michigan was 9–4 overall and 6–2 in the Mid-American Conference after defeating conference opponents Northern Illinois, Temple, Ohio, Buffalo, Eastern Michigan and Toledo, Big Ten Conference member Illinois, Western Athletic Conference member Idaho and Football Championship Subdivision team Tennessee Tech.  Western Michigan lost to Nebraska, rival Central Michigan and Ball State.  Western Michigan played in the 2008 Texas Bowl, where they fell to Rice on December 30, 2008.

Over the course of the 2008 season, the Broncos received votes in the AP Poll and the USA Today Coaches Poll, culminating with a top 30 ranking and 9–2 record in week 13. The Broncos no longer received votes after dropping their final two games.

2008 Ohio Bobcats football team
The 2008 Ohio Bobcats football team represented Ohio University during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Ohio competed as a member of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The Bobcats were led by Frank Solich in his fourth year.  They played their home games in Peden Stadium in Athens, Ohio.
4-Fluoroethylphenidate
4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH) is a recreational designer drug from the phenidate family, with stimulant effects. It was first identified in France in March 2016. It has been used as a nootropic drug, and was made illegal in the UK in 2017, and in Sweden in 2018.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
Hatiya Upazila
Hatiya (Bengali: হাতিয়া) is an upazila (sub-district) of Noakhali District in Bangladesh's Chittagong Division. It encompasses of a small archipelago in southeastern Noakhali, most notably Hatiya Island, Nijhum Dwip, Domar Char, Kolatoli Char, Bhasan Char and Swarna Dweep.

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ), officially Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative Divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the southeasternmost areas of the country, with a total area of 34,529.97 km2 (13,332.10 sq mi) and a population according to the 2022 census of 33,202,326, which made it the second most populous division of Bangladesh and the 45th most populous subnational entity in the world — more populous than all but 43 other countries.
Chittagong Division is home to Cox's Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world; as well as St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh's sole coral reef.
Metcalf, Holliston, Massachusetts
Metcalf (rarely, Metcalfs) is an unincorporated village and former railway stop located in the town of Holliston in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

The village does not have its own post office today, but did when it was a stop for the Boston and Albany Railroad on the Milford Branch until c. 1958. The station was mostly used as a post office and functioned as a flag stop.

The village was said to have more cows than people, as the main industry was dairy farming. Before the consolidation of Holliston’s schools, the village had a one-room schoolhouse.

Today it is characterized by its historic pump house and several historic structures abutting the crossroads of Washington St. and Summer St. Metcalf remains a residential community today with some light industry, and the local Fatima Shrine.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
1908 United States presidential election in Indiana
A presidential election was held in Indiana on November 3, 1908, as part of the 1908 United States presidential election. The Republican ticket of the U.S. secretary of war William Howard Taft and the U.S. representative from New York's 27th congressional district James S. Sherman defeated the Democratic ticket of the former U.S. representative from Nebraska's 1st congressional district William Jennings Bryan and the former U.S. senator from Indiana John W. Kern. Taft defeated Bryan in the national election with 321 electoral votes.

New York's 27th congressional district
New York’s 27th congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in western New York. It included all of Orleans, Genesee, Wyoming, and Livingston counties and parts of Erie, Monroe, Niagara, and Ontario counties. The district contained most of the eastern and southern suburbs of Buffalo, most of the southern suburbs of Rochester, as well as large rural areas to the east and south. The seat was last occupied by Republican Chris Jacobs, who won a special election on June 23, 2020. Previously, it had been vacant from October 1, 2019, when Republican incumbent Chris Collins resigned after pleading guilty to charges of insider trading.
Ann Didyk
Ann Didyk (1916–1991) was an American printmaker who was active in the 1950s and was part of the Young American Printmakers show at the Museum of Modern Art, 1953–1954.

Her work is included in the collections of the Seattle Art Museum, the Arts Council Collection, London and the National Gallery of Art, Washington.

Arts Council Collection
The Arts Council Collection is a national loan collection of modern and contemporary British art. It was founded in 1946. The collection continues to acquire works each year. The Arts Council Collection reaches its audience through loans to public institutions, touring exhibitions, digital and outreach projects. The collection supports artists based in the UK through the purchase and display of their work, safeguarding it.

The collection is managed by the Southbank Centre on behalf of Arts Council England, from which it is supported with public funds.
Goshen, Tasmania
Goshen is a rural locality in the local government area of Break O'Day in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north-west of the town of St Helens. The 2016 census determined a population of 93 for the state suburb of Goshen.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Pulp and paper industry in Japan
Japan is the third country in the world in production of paper (2011 figures). The leading Japanese company in the field (2015) is Oji Paper, with three other Japanese companies – Sumitomo Forestry, Nippon Paper Group, and Unicharm – also in the world top 20.

Unicharm
Unicharm Corporation (ユニ·チャーム株式会社, Yuni Chāmu kabushiki kaisha) is a Japanese company that manufactures disposable hygiene products, household cleaning products, specializing in the manufacture of diapers for both babies and adult incontinence, feminine hygiene products and pet care products.

The company has operations in 80 countries and is a market leader in Asia in baby and feminine care products. It holds the top share of diaper sales in China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Also its market share is rapidly expanding in India, nearly doubling its sales every two years.
High Fidelity Pure Audio
High Fidelity Pure Audio, occasionally abbreviated as HFPA or BD-A, is a marketing initiative, spearheaded by Sony Music and Universal Music Group, for audio-only Blu-ray optical discs.  Launched in 2013 as a potential successor to the compact disc (CD), it has been compared with DVD-Audio and SACD, which had similar aims.

HFPA is encoded as 24-bit/96 kHz or 24-bit/192 kHz linear PCM ("high-resolution audio"), optionally losslessly compressed with Dolby TrueHD or DTS-HD Master Audio.

HFPA discs are compatible with existing Blu-ray players.

Pure Audio Blu-ray refers to a different initiative (but with some goals in common) launched by msm-studios in Germany in 2009.

As of November 2019, Deutsche Grammophon is the most prolific publisher on the format, with Beethoven 250 having three Blu-ray audio discs.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Nationale Opsporingslijst
The Nationale Opsporingslijst (English: National Detectionlist) is a Dutch most wanted list maintained by the National Police Corps. Individuals on the list can either be suspects, or irrevocably convicted, of certain crimes. Individuals generally are removed from the list only in the event of capture, death, or the withdrawal of the charges. A television program that likes to solve crimes, Opsporing Verzocht, normally publicizes fugitives newly added.
Beyond the two criteria applied to both categories — that the criminal act bears a possible punishment of eight years in prison or longer, and that the success of other avenues of capture is deemed problematic — the Dutch Public Prosecution Service (Dutch:Openbaar Ministerie) has set criteria for placement of a suspect on the Nationale Opsporingslijst that are far more strict than for those of a convict.

Public Prosecution Service (Netherlands)
The Public Prosecution Service (Dutch: Openbaar Ministerie, OM; lit. 'Public Ministry') is the body of public prosecutors in the Dutch criminal justice system.

The literal translation of Openbaar Ministerie, "Public Ministry", can lead to a misunderstanding, as the OM is not a ministry like the Ministry of Finance. The name doesn’t refer to a ministry of the government but of 'publicity'.

The Public Prosecution Service decides who has to appear in front of the judge and for which offence or crime. It is the body that can decide to prosecute someone. The main domain of the OM is criminal law rather than civil law.

The OM has ten regional offices, directed nationally by the College van Procureurs-Generaal (lit. 'College of Attorneys-General') in The Hague. Although it is considered part of the judicial branch, the OM is ultimately responsible to the Minister of Justice and Safety, who together with the college determines the priorities and organisation of the Service.
SoundStorm (company)
SoundStorm was an independent audio post-production and sound editorial company based in Burbank, California. It provided post-production sound design, sound editing and ADR in Hollywood. The editors recorded their sound effect library from 1984 to 2004, worked on more than eighty feature films, and earned a number of awards and nominations from the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards, British Academy Film Awards and Golden Reel Awards. In 2004, the company was dissolved and sold its assets; Soundogs.com Inc. acquired the trademark and complete archive of the SoundStorm sound effects library.

Becky Sullivan
Becky Sullivan is a Supervising Sound Editor. She won the BAFTA for her work on the film  The Fugitive. Sullivan was nominated at the 87th Academy Awards in the category of Best Sound Editing for her work on the film Unbroken. Her nomination was shared with Andrew DeCristofaro.
Steve Whan
Steven James Robert Whan (born 11 February 1964) is an Australian politician who has served as Minister for Skills, TAFE and Tertiary Education since 2023. He has represented the electoral district of Monaro in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party since 2023, after previously representing the seat from 2003 until 2011. He was a member of the Legislative Council from 2011 to 2015. Whan served as Minister of Emergency Services, Minister for Small Business and Minister for Rural Affairs in the Rees and Keneally ministries from 2009 to 2011. Whan lives in Queanbeyan with his wife and two children. Whan is a member of Labor Right.

Rees ministry
The Rees ministry was the 91st ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by the 41st Premier Nathan Rees.

The Rees Labor ministry was formed following the resignation of Premier Morris Iemma on 5 September 2008 and the unanimous election of Rees as Leader of the Labor caucus and Carmel Tebbutt as Deputy Leader.

On 5 September Rees and Tebbutt were sworn as Premier and Deputy Premier respectively by the Governor of New South Wales Professor Marie Bashir AC. The rest of the ministry was sworn in on 8 September 2008 at Government House by the Lieutenant Governor, James Spigelman AC.
Fridalen Church
Fridalen Church (Norwegian: Fridalen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Fridalen neighborhood in the borough of Årstad in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Fridalen parish which is part of the Bergensdalen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a rectangular style in 1937 using designs by the architect Peter Andersen. The church seats about 450 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
Hilgers
Hilgers is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernhard Josef Hilgers (1803–1874) was a German Catholic Church historian

Jan Hilgers (1886–1945), Dutch aviator

Josef Hilgers (1858–1918), German Jesuit

Michael Hilgers (born 1966), German field hockey player

Michael Hilgers (born 1971), Author of textbooks on vehicle technology

Walter Hilgers (born 1959), German classical tubist

Joshua Hilgers (born 1977), American Entrepreneur

Josef Hilgers
Josef Hilgers (9 September 1858 – 25 January 1918) was a German Jesuit who wrote on theological and ascetical matters. He wrote two books on papal censorship of books and another on the nature of indulgences.
Brian K. Smith
Brian K. Smith is The Honorable David S. Nelson Professorial Chair and Associate Dean for Research at Boston College's School of Education and Human Development. Previously, he was senior associate dean of academic affairs at Drexel University's College of Computing and Informatics   and dean of continuing education at Rhode Island School of Design. He also had appointments at MIT and Penn State, and has held rotation appointments at the National Science Foundation.

Drexel University College of Computing and Informatics
The Drexel University College of Computing & Informatics (CCI), formerly the College of Information Science and Technology or iSchool, is one of the primary colleges of Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The College of Computing & Informatics has faculty and administrative offices, research laboratories, collaborative learning spaces, and classrooms located at 3675 Market Street (University City Campus) Philadelphia, PA. The current dean is Yi Deng.

CCI was formed in September 2013 with the merging of the former College of Information Science and Technology (iSchool), the Department of Computer Science, and the Department of Computing and Security Technology. CCI is part of the iSchools Caucus and the former College of Information Science and Technology  was one of the three founding members of the iSchool Caucus.
Josef Aleš-Lyžec
Josef Aleš-Lyžec Czech pronunciationⓘ (1862 Písek – 27 September 1927 Boseň) was a Czech teacher and sportsman.

He was descendant of known south-Bohemian Aleš family, cousin of well-known painter Mikoláš Aleš and father of famous writer Josef Váchal (J. Aleš-Lyžec never married his mother Anna Váchalová, so his son got mother's name). He was great propagator of skiing (the old Czech word lyžec means Ski-Man in English).

Mikoláš Aleš
Mikoláš Aleš (18 November 1852 – 10 July 1913) was a Czech painter. Aleš is estimated to have had over 5,000 published pictures; he painted for everything from magazines to playing cards to textbooks. His paintings were not publicized too widely outside Bohemia, but many of them are still available, and he is regarded as one of the Czech Republic's greatest artists.
New Life Begins
New Life Begins (Chinese: 卿卿日常) is a 2022 Chinese romantic comedy series starring Bai Jingting and Tian Xiwei. It is an adaptation of the web novel Time Travel to the Daily Life of the Qing Dynasty by DuoMuMuDuo, directed by Zhao Qichen and produced by Liu Wenyang. The story is about Yin Zheng and Li Wei who meet unexpectedly, and embark a lively life filled with dynamic situations. On 10 November  2022, it premiered on IQIYI. It sets record by achieving the fastest 10,000 'Popularity Heat Index' on iQIYI.

On 17 April 2023, the series was aired on Hong Kong TVB Jade channel under the title "Blind Date in XinChuan".

Chen Zihan
Chen Zihan (born 2 April 1978 as Chen Shasha) is a Chinese actress. She graduated from the Beijing Film Academy. While the majority of sources state Chen's birth date as 2 April 1978, some claim that she was born on 2 April 1975. In September 2025, Chen Zihan revealed that she had to pause acting for three years to try for a child through IVF.
New Complexity
New Complexity is a composition school in 20th-century classical music where composers seek a "complex, multi-layered interplay of evolutionary processes occurring simultaneously within every dimension of the musical material".

Elements of music
Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts (aspects, characteristics, features), individually or together. A commonly used list of the main elements includes pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration, and form. The elements of music may be compared to the elements of art or design.