hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argopleura
Argopleura, the Andean tetras, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Stevardiidae. The fishes in this genus are endemic to Colombia. This is the only genus in the monospecific subfamily Agropleurinae. This genus was previously classified in the family Characidae, but this was split into multiple families in 2024. They are found in South and Central America.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Spinetinglers
Spinetinglers is a series of 30 standalone middle-grade horror novels, written by multiple authors and published under the pseudonym, M.T. Coffin.

The series was created by author George Edward Stanley, under the pen name M.T. Coffin, a play on the words "empty coffin." Stanley wrote many original books for children as well as entries in the long-running Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew series. Some of the other ghost writers would go on to gain large reputations in the writing world, including Jim DeFelice, who cowrote the book American Sniper, and Kathleen Duey, author of the American Diaries and Hoofbeats series for young readers.

Spinetinglers followed a similar format to R.L. Stine's Goosebumps, with most books being standalone stories around 150 pages in length involving children encountering ghosts, monsters, and aliens. The series was published by Avon Camelot (an imprint of Avon (publisher)) from 1995-1998, and is now out of print.

Out of print
An out-of-print (OOP) or out-of-commerce item or work is something that is no longer being published. The term applies to all types of printed matter, visual media,  sound recordings, and video recordings. An out-of-print book is a book that is no longer being published. The term can apply to specific editions of more popular works, which may then go in and out of print repeatedly, or to the sole printed edition of a work, which is not picked up again by any future publishers for reprint.
Gene density
In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb). The human genome has a gene density of 11-15 genes/Mb, while the genome of the C. elegans roundworm is estimated to have 200.

Seemingly simple organisms, such as bacteria and amoebas, have a much higher gene density than humans. Bacterial DNA has a gene density on the order of 500-1000 genes/Mb. This is due several factors, including that the fact that bacterial DNA has no introns. There are also fewer codons in bacterial genes.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Welcome to Quixeramobim
Welcome to Quixeramobim (Portuguese: Bem-vinda a Quixeramobim) is a 2022 Brazilian comedy film produced by Glaz Entertainment, distributed by Downtown and directed by Halder Gomes. Assigned to the title, Monique Alfradique plays the main character. The film was shot between October and December 2020. The film will premiere at the 24th Brazilian Film Festival in Paris on April 3, 2022.

Graz Entertainment
Graz Entertainment (/ɡrɑːz/) is an American licensing and distribution company, run by Jim and Stephanie Graziano, which obtains and provides programming and licensing rights for children's television animation.

They currently control Z Blade, The Attic, Goliath, Tom Thumb, among others.
Mehdi Rusi Khan Ivanov
Mehdi Rusi Khan Ivanov (Persian: مهدی روسی خان ایوانوف; 15 October 1875 – 15 March 1968) was a court photographer in Qajar Iran. Born in Tehran, he had connections to Russia through his family background and social affiliations. He had mixed Russian Tatar and British roots, but historians disagree on which parent came from which background. In 1911, he permanently settled in Paris to work under the wife of the previous shah, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.

TouchArcade
TouchArcade (stylized as toucharcade) is a mobile games journalism website. It was launched in 2008 as a sister site of MacRumors by its founder Arnold Kim and Blake Patterson. TouchArcade also hosts a forum and a weekly podcast. Its operations were shut down in 2024.
The Earth Chorus
The Earth Chorus is a song sung by many singers in 1987 celebrating the 20th anniversary of TVB who dominated the TV music market in Hong Kong, and raised funds for The Community Chest of Hong Kong. It was published in Gramophone record and cassette tape. It won TVB's 1987 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation.

The Community Chest of Hong Kong
The Community Chest of Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港公益金) is an independent, nonprofit organization established on 8 November 1968 in Hong Kong. The Community Chest serves as an umbrella organization to provide grants to a wide range of community projects.
Sagamore Hill Radio Observatory
The Sagamore Hill Solar Radio Observatory is a solar radio observatory located in Hamilton, Massachusetts, that operates on a daily basis to obtain scientific observations of the Sun. It is a functional component of the Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN).

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
River Subdivision (Canadian Pacific Railway)
The River Subdivision or River Sub is a railway line along the Mississippi River that runs approximately 124 miles (200 km) from Saint Paul, Minnesota south to La Crescent. U.S. Highway 61 closely parallels the route between La Crescent and Red Wing. The line is operated by the Canadian Pacific Kansas City through its subsidiary, the Soo Line Railroad. BNSF Railway operates the complementary St. Croix Subdivision which traces the eastern side of the river in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The two routes share some track between Saint Paul and St. Croix Junction, near Hastings.

Red Wing, Minnesota
Red Wing is a city in and the county seat of Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the upper Mississippi River. The population was 16,547 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The federal government established a Mdewakanton Sioux Indian reservation—now Prairie Island Indian Community—in 1936 along the Mississippi River. The city of Red Wing developed around it.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Red Wing on its 2008 distinctive destinations list because of its "impressive architecture and enviable natural environment".
Tuzla Spit
Tuzla Spit or Kosa Tuzla (Russian: 'Тузлинская коса', Коса Тузла, romanized: Tuzlinskaya kosa, Ukrainian: Коса Тузла) was a long narrow peninsula or sandy spit in the eastern part of the Strait of Kerch which extended from Cape Tuzla to the north-west in the direction of the city Kerch for almost 11 kilometres (6.8 mi).

Kerch
Kerch, also known as Kerich, is a city of on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of 147,033 (2014 Census).

Founded 2,600 years ago as the ancient Greek colony Pantikapaion, Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.

Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the area's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres. As with the rest of Crimea, it has been occupied by Russian forces since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.
Sundays River Formation
The Sundays River Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is the second youngest of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin, its type locality, and the only location where outcrops have been located. The Sundays River has been measured at a maximum thickness of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).

Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.
Sherri Smith (artist)
Sherri Smith (born 1943) is an American fiber and textile artist, weaver, sculptor, and educator. She is one of the pioneers within the field of fiber art since the late 1960s. Smith taught for many years at the University of Michigan (UMich) in Ann Arbor, where she is the Catherine B. Heller Collegiate Professor Emerita. In 2012, she was named a fellow of the American Craft Council (ACC).

American Craft Council
The American Craft Council (ACC) is a national non-profit organization that champions craft based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Founded in 1943 by Aileen Osborn Webb, the council hosts national craft shows and conferences, publishes a quarterly magazine called American Craft and a quarterly journal called American Craft Inquiry, maintains an extensive awards program, and is home to a comprehensive library and archives.
Billy Young (cricketer)
William Young (born 14 December 1970) is a former English cricketer. Young was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast.  He was born at Peterborough, Cambridgeshire.

Young made his List A debut for Huntingdonshire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy against the Hampshire Cricket Board at Grasmere Road, Cove, where he took his 3 List-A wickets, including the wicket of future South African captain Graeme Smith. For his performance in the match he was named man of the match.  His second and final List-A match come in the same competition against a Yorkshire Cricket Board side.

Yorkshire Cricket Board
The Yorkshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Yorkshire.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List A status.
Allenius
Allenius is a genus of lady beetles in the family Coccinellidae, containing a single species, Allenius iviei.

Allenius iviei, known as the enigma ladybeetle is found in the U.S. states of Idaho and Montana. It is one of the rarest insects of the United States and was discovered in 2009. The pronotal plate of this species is very elongated, and easily conceals the head from above. The species is unique in the ability to tuck its head into its thorax for protection.

Head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do, regardless of size.

Heads develop in animals by an evolutionary trend known as cephalization. In bilaterally symmetrical animals, nervous tissue concentrate at the anterior region, forming structures responsible for information processing. Through biological evolution, sense organs and feeding structures also concentrate into the anterior region; these collectively form the head.
Gryaznov
Gryaznov (Russian: Грязнов, from грязь meaning mud) or Griaznov is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Gryaznova or Griaznova. Notable people with the surname include:

Alla Gryaznova (born 1937), Russian economist

George Gryaznov (1934–2011), Russian Orthodox archbishop

Kirill Gryaznov (born 1983 or 1984), Russian chef suspected of espionage

Vadim Gryaznov (born 1986), Russian football player

Vasiliy Griaznov (c. 1840–1909), Belarusian painter, art teacher and historian

Vyacheslav Gryaznov (born 1982), Russian classical pianist, transcriber and composer

Concerns and controversies at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Numerous concerns and controversies arose leading up to and during the 2024 Summer Olympics, which were held in Paris, France. Major concerns included security, Israel's participation amidst the Gaza war, and the inclusion of Russian and Belarusian athletes as neutrals amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Despite the nominal Olympic Truce, both conflicts contributed to the complex political backdrop of the Games.
Ormsavatnet
Ormsavatnet is a lake in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway.  The 3.11-square-kilometre (1.20 sq mi) lake flows into the Vatndalsvatnet via a dam and canal.  The lake is located in the Setesdalsheiene mountains near the lakes Store Urevatn, Holmevatnet, and Hartevatnet. The nearest village area is Hovden, about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) to the northeast.  The mountain Kaldafjellet lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the west of the lake.

Hovden, Agder
Hovden is a village in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway.  It is located in the northern part of Setesdalen valley, on the Norwegian National Road 9 and the river Otra, on the eastern shore of the lake Hartevatnet.  The village sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the village of Bykle and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the village of Breive. The 0.57-square-kilometre (140-acre) village has a population (2019) of 413 and a population density of 726 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,880/sq mi). Fjellgardane Church is located in Hovden.
James Andrews (stonemason)
James Andrews (October 7, 1828 – July 6, 1897) was a Scottish-American stonemason, engineer, and capitalist who collaborated with civil engineer James Buchanan Eads on such projects as the Eads Bridge in St. Louis, the Mississippi River jetties, and a proposed railway system across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. He was reportedly a millionaire by the end of his life, having accrued a fortune of at least $32 million in 2022 dollars. His Heathside Cottage in the Fineview neighborhood of Pittsburgh is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He was known for much of his life as "Col. James Andrews," though he never served in the military.

Jetty
A jetty is a man-made structure that protrudes from land out into water. A jetty may serve as a breakwater, as a walkway, or both; or, in pairs, as a means of constricting a channel. The term derives from the French word jetée, 'thrown', signifying something thrown out.
Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the tropane alkaloid cocaine, and two of the species within this genus, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense, both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, Erythroxylum vaccinifolium (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. Erythroxylum australe was traditionally used by Aboriginal Australians for rites and other practices.

Catuaba
The name Catuaba (/kəˈtwɑːbə/ kə-TWAH-bə, Brazilian Portuguese: [katuˈabɐ]; ultimately from Guarani) is used for the infusions of the bark of a number of trees native to Brazil. The most widely used barks are derived from the trees Trichilia catigua and Erythroxylum vaccinifolium. Other catuaba preparations use the bark of trees from the following genera or families: Anemopaegma, Ilex, Micropholis, Phyllanthus, Secondatia, Tetragastris and species from the Myrtaceae. Local synonyms are Chuchuhuasha, Tatuaba, Pau de Reposta, Piratancara and Caramuru.

It is often claimed that catuaba is derived from the tree Erythroxylum catuaba, but this tree has been described only once, in 1904, and it is not known today to what tree this name referred. E. catuaba is therefore not a recognised species.
Jurbanite
Jurbanite is a sulfate mineral with the chemical formula AlSO4(OH)·5H2O. Its molecular weight is 230.13 g/mol. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and is dimorphous with the orthorhombic mineral rostite.
Jurbanite occurs as a secondary (post-mine) mineral in mines containing sulfide minerals.

Jurbanite was first described for an occurrence in the San Manuel mine of Pinal County, Arizona and first described in 1976s. It was named for Joseph John Urban, the mineral collector who discovered it.

Orthorhombic crystal system
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.
Mudil Psalter
The Mudil Psalter is a manuscript from the late 4th or early 5th century from Middle Egypt. It was discovered in 1984 in the Coptic cemetery of al-Muḍil (Arabic: المضل), a deserted place some 5 km northeast of the city of al-Fashn. It contains the complete text of the Psalms in the Sahidic dialect of the Coptic language and is the oldest complete Coptic psalter.

The manuscript is written on parchment and bound in wooden boards. It consists of 498 leaves measuring 12.2 × 16.7 cm. The text is written in 21 lines per page.

The Mudil Psalter lay open in a grave beneath the head of a young girl. This burial method may have been based on ancient Egyptian traditions of placing the Egyptian Book of the Dead in a grave. The manuscript is now housed in the Coptic Museum in Cairo under the inventory number 12488 (inventory number 6614 of the Manuscripts Department).

Coptic Museum
The Coptic Museum is a museum in Coptic Cairo, Egypt with the largest collection of Coptic Christian artifacts in the world. It was founded by Marcus Simaika in 1908 to house Coptic antiquities. The museum traces the history of Egypt from its beginnings to the present day. It was erected on 8,000 square meter land offered by the Coptic Orthodox Church, under the guardianship of Pope Cyril V.

The Coptic museum houses the world's most important examples of Coptic art. The façade of the museum was made to resemble the façade of the 12th century Al-Aqmar Mosque.
Dennis Del Valle
Dennis Jose Del Valle Villalobos (born 27 January 1989) is a Puerto Rican male volleyball player. He was part of the Puerto Rico men's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Poland. He played for Mets de Guaynabo.

2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to the host nation Poland, 23 teams qualified for the tournament through continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in seven venues across seven Polish cities, with the final being played at Spodek, Katowice.

The tournament was won by the hosts Poland, who beat Brazil (who had won the previous three titles) in the final. Poland became the third team in the history of the competition to be crowned as champions in their own country, joining the Soviet Union (1952 and 1962) and Czechoslovakia (1966).

563,263 fans watched the matches during the 18-day event, smashing the previous records in the competition. In Italy four years earlier, the total was 339,324, while in Japan in 2006, it was 298,352.
Bispebjerg Cemetery
Bispebjerg Cemetery (Danish: Bispebjerg Kirkegård), established in 1903 on the moderately graded north slope of Bispebjerg Hill, is the newest of five municipal cemeteries in Copenhagen, Denmark. The main entrance to the cemetery is located next to the monumental Grundtvig's Church, built later in 1921–40. A tall poplar avenue extends from the main entrance towards Utterslev Mose in the west. The old chapel has been converted into a centre for dance and is now known as Dansekapellet (Chapel of Dance). One of the cemetery’s main attractions is an avenue of Japanese cherry trees that, when in bloom during spring, form a long, pink tunnel.

Utterslev Mose
Utterslev Mose (English: Utterslev Boglands) is a large semi-natural area of lakes, reed beds and parkland located on the border between Copenhagen  and Gladsaxe municipalities, approximately six kilometers northwest of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is surrounded by the neighbourhoods Brønshøj, Tingbjerg, Utterslev, Søborg and Emdrup. It is known for its rich bird life and has a dense network of walking and cycling trails.