hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hiding hand principle
The hiding hand principle is a theory that offers a framework to examine how ignorance (particularly concerning future obstacles when a person first decides to take on a project) intersects with rational choice to undertake a project; the intersection is seen to provoke creative success over the obstacles through the deduction that it is too late to abandon the project. The term was coined by economist Albert O. Hirschman.

Writing in The New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell brought the concept to life, retelling the story of the construction of a railway tunnel through Hoosac Mountain in northwestern Massachusetts. Construction proved much harder than anticipated, but eventually was completed, with positive results. Gladwell was reviewing the book, "Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman," by Jeremy Adelman.

Ignorance
Ignorance is a lack of knowledge, information and understanding.  Deliberate ignorance is a culturally-induced phenomenon, the study of which is called agnotology.

The word "ignorant" is an adjective that describes a person in the state of being unaware, or even cognitive dissonance and other cognitive relation, and can describe individuals who are unaware of important information or facts. Ignorance can appear in three different types: factual ignorance (absence of knowledge of some fact), object ignorance (unacquaintance with some object), and technical ignorance (absence of knowledge of how to do something).
PotlatchDeltic
PotlatchDeltic Corporation (originally Potlatch Corp) is an American diversified forest products company based in Spokane, Washington.

It manufactures and sells lumber, panels and particleboard and receives revenue from other assets such as mineral rights and the leasing of land as well as the sale of land considered expendable. In February 2018, Potlatch acquired Deltic Timber Corp., a smaller Arkansas-based timber company. Following the merger, the company was renamed PotlatchDeltic Corporation. In 2021, the company harvested 5,515,000 tons of lumber. In 2022, PotlatchDeltic merged with CatchMark Timber Trust, Inc.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Arktika (2016 icebreaker)
Arktika (Russian: Арктика, romanized: Arctic, IPA: [ˈarktʲɪkə]) is a Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. It is the lead ship of Project 22220 icebreakers and superseded the preceding class of nuclear-powered icebreakers as the largest and most powerful icebreaker ever constructed.

Turbo generator
A turbo generator is an electric generator connected to the shaft of a turbine (water, steam, or gas) for the generation of electric power. Large steam-powered turbo generators provide the majority of the world's electricity and are also used by steam-powered turbo-electric and gas-turbine-electric powered ships.

Small turbo-generators driven by gas turbines are often used as auxiliary power units (APU, mainly for aircraft).
Niccolo Cosme
Niccolo Cosme (born May 15, 1980, in Cavite, Philippines) is a conceptual photographer based in Manila, Philippines. His father is Caesar Colet Cosme, a television writer and director.

He was part of Celebrity Duets: Philippine Edition Season 3, an interactive reality based singing contest which was produced by Fremantle Media and Simon Cowell which also produced the original version in the United States. The Philippine edition was broadcast in GMA 7

Fremantle (company)
FremantleMedia Limited, trading as Fremantle (/ˈfriːmæntəl/; formerly FremantleMedia), is a British multinational television production and distribution company based in London. The company was founded as Pearson Television in 1993 when publishing and education company Pearson acquired the former British ITV franchisee Thames Television. Fremantle takes its name from Fremantle International, which was acquired by predecessor company All American Television in 1994. Pearson Television and Bertelsmann's CLT-UFA merged in 2000 to form the RTL Group, with Pearson Television itself being renamed FremantleMedia on 20 August of the following year.

Fremantle owns non-scripted formats, including the British talent shows Idols, Got Talent and The X Factor; all of which have been sold globally. Since 1994, Fremantle has distributed American game shows locally in the United States and globally.
Żerków
Żerków  ([ˈʐɛrkuf]) is a town in Jarocin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,122 inhabitants (2010). It is located 53 kilometres (33 mi) east of the regional capital of Poznań.

The town is near the Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park.

Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park
Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park (Żerkowsko-Czeszewski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in west-central Poland.

The Park lies within Greater Poland Voivodeship. The area of the park is 15,794.84 ha.
Pencoedtre
Pencoedtre or Pencoetre, also known as Pencoedtre Village, is a northeastern suburb of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It borders Gibbonsdown to the southwest and Cadoxton to the south. It has developed from a small farming hamlet into an extensive housing estate in recent years. Pencoedtre Wood is one of the largest areas of woodland in the town, and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.  Pencoedtre Park is located between Pencoedtre and Gibbonsdown.

Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Barry (/ˈbæri/; Welsh: Y Barri; pronounced [ə ˈbari]) is a town and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is on the north coast of the Bristol Channel approximately 9 miles (14 km) south-southwest of Cardiff. Barry is a seaside resort, with attractions including several beaches and the resurrected Barry Island Pleasure Park. According to Office for National Statistics 2021 estimate data, the population of Barry was 56,605.

The town of Barry has absorbed its larger neighbouring villages of Cadoxton and Barry Island. It grew significantly from the 1880s with the development of Barry Docks, which, in 1913, was the largest coal port in the world.
Italian cruiser Partenope
Partenope was a torpedo cruiser built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1880s, the lead ship of her class, which included seven other vessels. The ship was built by the Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia; she was laid down in June 1888, was launched in December 1889, and was completed in September 1890. Her main armament were her five torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns.

Partenope spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. In 1906–1908, she was converted into a minelayer, losing her torpedo tubes. During the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, she provided gunfire support to Italian forces in Libya. She was used to lay a series of minefields in the Adriatic Sea after Italy entered World War I in 1915. In March 1918, Partenope was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UC-67 off Bizerte.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Ipperwash Provincial Park
Ipperwash Provincial Park is a former provincial park on the shores of southern Lake Huron in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada.

Located near Grand Bend, the 56-hectare (140-acre) park was established in 1936. It contains a long sandy beach on the lakeshore, as well as rare flowers and sand dunes. Wildlife include migrating jaegers, scoter, grebe, and brant goose.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Abraham Iyambo
Abraham Iyambo (2 February 1961 – 2 February 2013) was a Namibian politician. Iyambo was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia since 1995, serving as Minister of Fisheries from 1997 to 2010 and  Minister of Education from 2010 until his death. Iyambo was a member of both the central committee and political bureau of the SWAPO Party and the chairperson of its think tank.

National Assembly (Namibia)
The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Namibia's bicameral Parliament. Its laws must be approved by the National Council, the upper house. Since 2014, it has a total of 104 members. 96 members are directly elected through a system of closed list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Eight additional members are appointed by the President. Since March 2025, SWAPO member Saara Kuugongelwa has been the Speaker of the National Assembly.

Namibia's National Assembly emerged on Independence Day on 21 March 1990 from the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, following the elections of November 1989. That election, under guidelines established by the United Nations, included foreign observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election process. The current National Assembly was formed following elections on 27 November 2024.
2014 British Rowing Junior Championships
The 2014 British Rowing Junior Championships were the 43rd edition of the National Junior Championships, held from 19–20 July 2014 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. They were organised and sanctioned by British Rowing, and are open to British junior rowers.

Holme Pierrepont
Holme Pierrepont is a hamlet and civil parish located 5 miles (8 km) south-east of the city of Nottingham in Nottinghamshire, England. It is in the Gamston ward of the Rushcliffe local authority in the East Midlands region. The population of the civil parish (which envelops Adbolton, Bassingfield and a fringe portion of Lady Bay) as at the 2011 census was 528, and this reported 568 residents at the 2021 census.

The word Holme comes from the Old English and Old Norse words for a small island or low-lying land by a river. Pierrepont is northern French for "Stone Bridge" and is the surname of an Anglo-Norman family that once held the manor. Henry Perpount, of Holme by Nottingham, appears as a defendant in a Common Pleas record of 1433.
Endorsements in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election
This page is a non-exhaustive list of notable individuals and organisations who endorsed individual candidates for the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. Politicians are noted with their party origin or political affiliation should they come from parties not part of the candidate's coalition. Celebrities are noted with their party origin should they have one.

Regional Representative Council
The Regional Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the House of Representatives (DPR), it makes up the Indonesian national legislative body, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Under Indonesia's constitution, the authority of the DPD is limited to areas related to regional governments and can only propose and give advice on bills to the DPR. Unlike the DPR, the DPD has no direct law-making power. Its members are referred to as senators on the official DPD X page.
Polunin
Polunin (masculine), Polunina (feminine) is a Russian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Polunin (born 1997), Russian ice hockey player

Arkady Pavlovich Polunin  (1899–1933), captain of the Russian army, emigrant, accomplice in the murder of V.V. Vorovsky

Alyona Polunina (born 1975), Russian filmmaker

Andriy Polunin (1971–2025), Ukrainian footballer

Ivan Polunin (1920–2010), English doctor, photographer, filmmaker

Oleg Polunin (1914–1985), English botanist

Sergei Polunin (born 1989), Russian ballet dancer

Slava Polunin (born 1950), Russian clown

Vladimir Polunin (1880–1957), Russian painter

Zoya Polunina (born 1991), Russian ice hockey player

Slava Polunin
Vyacheslav Ivanovich “Slava” Polunin PAR (Russian: Вячеслав Иванович "Слава" Полунин; born 12 June 1950) is a Russian performance artist and clown. He is the creator of the stage spectacles Asisyai-revue, Slava's Snowshow and Diabolo, as well as the founder of the Academy of Fools.
Frederick Taylor (colonist)
Frederick Taylor (25 December 1810 - 14 February 1872) was an English mass murderer, colonial property manager and agricultural capitalist in the Victoria region of Australia. He is best known as the main perpetrator of the Murdering Gully massacre which occurred in 1839 along Mount Emu Creek near Mount Noorat. This massacre resulted in the deaths of about 40 men, women and children of the Tarnbeere gundidj clan of the Djargurd Wurrung people. Taylor was also involved in other shooting deaths of Aboriginal people near Geelong and Lake Colac. After moving to Gippsland, he was involved in the frontier conflict there with the Gunai people. Despite his responsibility for the killings being well known and well documented, Taylor was never convicted and enjoyed high esteem in British colonial society until his death in 1872.

Lake Colac
Lake Colac, a freshwater lake of the Western District Lakes, is located north of the Colac town centre in Victoria, Australia. The Aboriginal name for the lake is cited in a colonial report as Coram.

A yacht club and rowing club are located adjacent to the lake's shore. During the summer months, water skiers have access to the lake's facilities, and many birds may be found on the lake's surface and in the area. The foreshore has a playground, boat ramp and the Colac Botanical Gardens. In January 2009, the lake dried up after years of drought, and the first time in 173 years.

In April 2016 the lake dried up after several years of drought.

The Lake Colac bird sanctuary is nearby.
2000 Guelph municipal election
The 2000 Guelph municipal election was held on November 13, 2000., in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to elect the Mayor of Guelph, Guelph City Council and the Guelph members of the Upper Grand District School Board (Public) and Wellington Catholic District School Board. The election was one of many races across the province of Ontario.

Upper Grand District School Board
The Upper Grand District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 18 prior to 1999) is a school board in Ontario, Canada. It spans an area of 4211 km2 and serves approximately 35,000 students through 65 elementary schools and 11 secondary schools in Dufferin County, Wellington County and the City of Guelph.

Student success is the goal of over 4,000 dedicated teaching and support staff who are aided by the contributions of caring volunteers and community partners.

The board has 10 elected trustees and 2 student trustees. The 2023-24 budget (Operating only) is $455,486,186.
Patliputra University
Patliputra University (PPU) is a collegiate public state university located in Patna, Bihar, India. It was established in 2018 by the Government of Bihar. The university has jurisdiction over colleges in the Patna and Nalanda districts, except those affiliated with Patna University. As a collegiate university, its functions are shared between the university departments and its affiliated institutions. The headquarters is situated at Kankarbagh, Patna, while a permanent campus is under development near Bakhtiyarpur.

Bakhtiyarpur
Bakhtiyarpur is a notified area and town near Patna City in Patna district  in the state of Bihar, India. Bakhtiyarpur is under the Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency), and is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Bihar in Patna District under the Barh sub-division of Bihar. It is a major railway junction in Danapur railway division, ECR. The incumbent Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar belongs to Bakhtiyarpur.
Division of Lingiari
The Division of Lingiari (/lɪŋɡiˈɑːri/) is an Australian electoral division in the Northern Territory that covers the entirety of the territory outside of the Division of Solomon, which covers Darwin and surrounding areas. The division also includes the territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Lingiari includes all of the Northern Territory's remote Indigenous communities, most of whom vote when visited by mobile polling teams during the election campaign.

The current MP is Marion Scrymgour, a member of the Australian Labor Party. Scrymgour herself is Indigenous and inherited Tiwi identity from her mother.

Tiwi people
The Tiwi people (or Tunuvivi) are one of the many Aboriginal groups of Australia. Nearly 2,000 Tiwi people live on the Tiwi Islands. The landmass of the Tiwi Islands is made up mainly of Bathurst and Melville Islands, both located about 48 kilometres (30 miles) from Darwin. The Tiwi language is a language isolate, with no apparent link to the languages of Arnhem Land or of other Aboriginal Australians beyond recent linguistic interaction as a result of the federal government's Stolen Generations relocation policies. Tiwi society is based on matrilineal descent, and marriage plays a very important part in many aspects of their lives. Art and music form an intrinsic part of their societal and spiritual rituals as the Tiwi people tend to follow a certain form of indigenous Dreamtime belief system alongside Roman Catholicism.
Kara Sea U-boat campaign
The Kara Sea U-boat campaign was a German submarine operation in the Arctic waters of the Kara Sea during the Second World War. The plan was to repeat Operation Wunderland (16–30 August 1942) in Operation Husar. The Deutschland-class cruiser Lützow was to sortie into the Kara Sea with U-boats in support, to attack Soviet ships.

German submarine U-957
German submarine U-957 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Laid down by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg on 11 March 1942, the U-boat was launched on 21 November 1942, and commissioned on 7 January 1943, by Oberleutnant zur See Franz Saar.
Retshidisitswe Mlenga
Retshidisitswe Mlenga (born 27 February 2000) is a South African track and field sprinter who competes in the 100 metres and 200 metres. He holds a personal best of 9.99 seconds for the 100 m and 20.79 seconds for the 200 m. He was the gold medalist in the 200 m at the IAAF World U18 Championships in 2017.

IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics
The IAAF U18 Championships in Athletics (until 2015 known as IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics) was a global athletics event comprising track and field events for competitors who were 17 or younger (youth = Under-18). The event was organized by International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). It was held biennially from 1999 to 2017.
1997 Slovak referendum
A referendum was held in Slovakia on 23 May and 24 May 1997.  Voters in Slovakia were asked four separate questions: on whether the country should join NATO, whether nuclear weapons should be allowed in Slovakia, whether foreign military bases should be allowed in Slovakia, and whether the President should be elected directly.  The government left the last question off the ballot paper, leading to both referendums failing to meet the legally required turnout threshold.

President of Slovakia
The president of the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Prezident Slovenskej republiky) serves as the head of state of Slovakia and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The people directly elect the president for five years, for a maximum of two consecutive terms. The presidency is essentially a ceremonial office, but the president exercises certain limited powers with absolute discretion. Their official residence is the Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava.
Ian Masters (journalist)
Ian Masters is an Australian-born, BBC-trained American broadcast journalist, commentator, author, screenwriter and documentary filmmaker.

Masters hosted the KPFK, Pacifica Radio program Background Briefing which deals with American politics, foreign policy as well as domestic American security issues.  Masters has hosted a once weekly episode of Background Briefing since 1980; in 2009, the program was expanded to five days per week. It is broadcast on more than forty radio stations across the US, and is also available as a podcast.

Masters resigned from his position hosting "Background Briefing" at KPFK and now produces the show at his home in Santa Monica as an online podcast. His shows are no longer aired on FM radio station KPFK. Instead, they now air on KPFA in Berkeley, California, US.

Ian Masters returned his podcast to KPFK after the station instituted reforms under interim station manager Maggie LaPique at the beginning of 2025.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
NCAA Division II field hockey tournament
The NCAA Division II field hockey tournament is an annual single-elimination tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion of women's Division II collegiate field hockey in the United States. The tournament was held from 1981 and 1983, discontinued from 1984 and 1991, was re-instated in 1992, and has been held every year since.

Between 1984 and 1991, Division II teams competed in the NCAA Division III Field Hockey Championship.

The most successful team are the Bloomsburg Huskies, with thirteen titles. Shippensburg are the current champions, winning their sixth national title in 2025.

Teams from Pennsylvania have historically dominated the tournament. Aside from 1981, every year that small college championships have been conducted (AIAW: 1979 to 1981, NCAA: 1981 to 2012), one or more teams from Pennsylvania have played in either or both Division II and Division III national title games, winning 29 of 38 such games.

Shippensburg Raiders
The Shippensburg Raiders are the athletic teams that represent Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, located in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports.

The Raiders are members of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) for all varsity sports. Shippensburg have been members of the PSAC since its foundation in 1951.