hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John of Salisbury
John of Salisbury (late 1110s – 25 October 1180), who described himself as Johannes Parvus ("John the Little"), was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres.  The historian Hans Liebeschuetz described him as one of the most notable figures of the "medieval Renaissance" of the 12th century.

12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.  
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the "'Golden Age' of the Cistercians". The Golden Age of Islam experienced significant development, particularly in Islamic Spain.

In Song dynasty China, an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Following the expansions of the Ghaznavids and Ghurid Empire, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place at the end of the century.
Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan (Carpaccio)
The Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Vittore Carpaccio, a painter of the Venetian School and student of Gentile Bellini. The latter also painted a portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan. It was most likely painted around 1501/02, at the beginning of Loredan's reign. The painting was restored in 2003 with funding from Mara and Chuck Robinson in honour of Prof. W. R. Rearick, and it is now displayed in the Museo Correr in Venice.

Gentile Bellini
Gentile Bellini (c. 1429 – 23 February 1507) was a Venetian painter of the school of Venice. He came from Venice's leading family of painters, and, at least in the early part of his career, was more highly regarded than his younger brother Giovanni Bellini -  a reversal of the situation today. From 1474, he was the official portrait artist for the Doges of Venice. In addition to his portraits, he painted a number of very large works with multitudes of figures, especially for the Scuole Grandi of Venice, wealthy confraternities that were very important in Venetian patrician social life.

In 1479, he was sent to Constantinople by the Venetian government when the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II requested an artist; he returned the next year. Thereafter, a number of his subjects were set in the East, and he is one of the founders of the Orientalist tradition in European painting. His portrait of the Sultan was also copied in paintings and prints and became known all over Europe.
London A Cappella Festival
The London A Cappella Festival is an annual series of concerts based at Kings Place, London, showcasing a cappella acts from around the world, curated by the vocal group The Swingle Singers  and Ikon Arts Management. The aim of the festival is to celebrate the human voice in all the wide-ranging musical forms; including choral singing, beatbox, barbershop, gospel music, close-harmony, pop, and jazz.

Bellatrix
Bellatrix is the third-brightest star and a candidate binary star in the constellation of Orion, positioned 5° west of the red supergiant Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis). It has the Bayer designation γ Orionis, which is Latinized to Gamma Orionis. With a slightly variable magnitude of around 1.6, it is typically the 25th-brightest star in the night sky. It is the closest major star in Orion at only 244.6 light-years from the Solar System.
Pavle Beljanski
Pavle Beljanski (Veliko Gradište, Kingdom of Serbia, 19 June 1892 – Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 14 July 1965) was a Serbian lawyer and diplomat, art lover and great connoisseur, collector who acquired the most complete collection of Serbian paintings from the first half of the 20th century, and by giving it to Serbian people, became one of its greatest contributors.

Veliko Gradište
Veliko Gradište (Serbian Cyrillic: Велико Градиште, pronounced [ʋělikoː ɡrâdiːʃte]; Romanian: Grădiștea Mare) is a town and municipality located in the Braničevo District of eastern Serbia. It is located on the right bank of the Danube River and left bank of the Pek River. In 2022, the town had a total population of 5,518 and the municipality had a population of 15,455.
Cocea
Cocea or Cocéa is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Cocéa (1899–1970), Romanian-born French actress and singer

Dina Cocea (1912–2008), Romanian actress

Dinu Cocea (1929–2013), Romanian actor, film director and screenwriter

N. D. Cocea (1880–1949), Romanian journalist, writer, critic and activist

Sofia Cocea (1839–1861), Moldavian, later Romanian essayist, poet and activist

Dina Cocea
Dina Cocea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdina ˈkot͡ʃe̯a]; 27 November 1912 – 28 October 2008) was a Romanian stage actress and occasional movie star with a career that spanned 70 years. Among other activities, Cocea was an actor in residence at the National Theatre Bucharest for 17 years, a professor and Dean at the University of Bucharest, writer and columnist, playwright, political activist, and representative to UNESCO.
Karin Öberg
Karin Ingegerd Öberg (born August 27, 1982) is a Swedish astrochemist. She is a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and leader of the Öberg Astrochemistry Group at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. Her research concerns star formation, planet formation, and stellar evolution in relation to organic molecules, which are necessary to determine the origins of life on Earth and elsewhere. In April 2015, her group discovered the first complex organic molecule in a protoplanetary disk.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Mantia
Notable people with the surname Mantia include:

Bryan Mantia, drummer of Guns N' Roses and other rock bands

Joey Mantia, American speed skater

Simone Mantia, Italian/American baritone horn, euphonium, and trombone player

Simona La Mantia, Italian triple jumper

Brain (musician)
Bryan Kei Mantia (born February 4, 1963), known professionally as Brain, is an American rock drummer. He has played with bands such as Primus, Guns N' Roses, Praxis, and Godflesh, and with other performers such as Tom Waits, Serj Tankian, Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, and Buckethead. He has also done session work for numerous artists and bands.
2011 Korea Open – Doubles
Julia Görges and Polona Hercog were the defending champions but Görges decided not to participate.
Hercog played alongside Irina-Camelia Begu, but were eliminated in the first round by María José Martínez Sánchez and Francesca Schiavone.Natalie Grandin and Vladimíra Uhlířová won in the final 7–6(7–5), 6–4 against Vera Dushevina and Galina Voskoboeva

María José Martínez Sánchez
María José Martínez Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a xoˈse maɾˈtineθ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 12 August 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. In singles, she won five WTA Tour titles, her biggest being a Premier 5 title at the 2010 Italian Open where she defeated two former world No. 1 players, Ana Ivanovic and Jelena Janković, en route to the title. As a junior, she won the Orange Bowl (1999) and French Open (2000). She reached a career-high ranking in singles of world No. 19, on 10 May 2010.

In doubles, Martínez Sánchez won 21 WTA Tour titles, ten partnering with her compatriot Nuria Llagostera Vives. Among them are the 2009 WTA Tour Championships, 2009 Rogers Cup and the Dubai Tennis Championships in 2010 and 2011. Martínez Sánchez reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 5 July 2010.
Gitando
The Gitando are the youngest (or last to form) of the 14 tribes of the Tsimshian people in British Columbia, Canada. It is one of the nine of those tribes making up the "Nine Tribes" First Nation of the lower Skeena River resident at Lax Kw'alaams (a.k.a. Port Simpson), British Columbia.  The name Gitando means the people of weirs. Their traditional territory includes the watershed of the Exstew River, a tributary of the Skeena River.  Since 1834, the Gitando have been based at Lax Kw'alaams, following establishment of a Hudson's Bay Company trading fort there. They are closely related to the Gispaxlo'ots, another of the Nine Tribes, who have an adjacent territory.

Weir
A weir /wɪər/ or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used to control the flow of water for rivers, outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, industrial discharge, and drainage control structures. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir. Weirs pose a serious danger to boaters and have been involved in several fatal drownings. They are sometimes colloquially referred to as drowning machines.

Weir can also refer to the skimmer found in most in-ground swimming pools, which controls the flow of water pulled into the filtering system.
1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool D
Group D of the 1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 1996 Fed Cup. Six teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team advancing to Group I for 1998.

1996 Fed Cup
The 1996 Fed Cup was the 34th edition of a competition between national teams in women's tennis. The final took place at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey in the United States on 28–29 September, with the United States defeating Spain to give the USA their 15th title.
Fields Creek (Missouri)
Fields Creek is a stream in Henry County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the South Grand River.

The stream headwaters arise just west of Missouri Route 13 between Quarles and Shawnee Mound. The stream flows southwest and passes under Missouri Route 7 and Missouri Route 18 northwest of Clinton. The stream confluence with the South Grand is about three miles west of Clinton.

The headwaters are at 38°30′17″N 93°45′46″W﻿ / ﻿38.50472°N 93.76278°W﻿ / 38.50472; -93.76278 and the confluence is at 38°20′59″N 93°49′37″W﻿ / ﻿38.34972°N 93.82694°W﻿ / 38.34972; -93.82694.

Fields Creek has the name of Joseph Fields, an early county sheriff.

Henry County, Missouri
Henry County is a county located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,946. Its county seat is Clinton. The county was organized December 13, 1834, as Rives County but was renamed in 1841 for Revolutionary War patriot Patrick Henry. The county originally had been named after William Cabell Rives, who was then serving as a U.S. Senator from Virginia. However, Rives lost popularity in Missouri after he joined the Whig Party.
Bliss Landing
Bliss Landing, formerly Bishop Landing or Bishops Landing, was a cannery town on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the northwest side of the Malaspina Peninsula on the upper Sunshine Coast, north of the town of Lund and across the mouth of Desolation Sound from Cortes Bay and Manson's Landing on Cortes Island.

Bliss Landing is thought to have been named after an early settler, a Joe Blissto. This replaced an older name for the settlement, Bishop Landing or Bishops Landing.  The Bishop Landing Post Office opened on June 1, 1917, and was named after P.W. Bishop, its first postmaster.  The post office was redesignated as Bliss Landing on April 1, 1923.  The post office closed on April 20, 1960.

50°02′N 124°49′W﻿ / ﻿50.033°N 124.817°W﻿ / 50.033; -124.817

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
Tony Mahr
Tony Mahr (born January 8, 1986, in Helsingborg) is a Swedish football player who has played for Helsingborgs IF most of his adult life. He is a left wing full-back and has made 31 caps for Sweden at different youth levels. He made his debut for Helsingborg on 17 July 2006 as an 85th-minute substitute against BK Häcken. Having problem to take a place in the Helsingborg team. He 2007 signed for the Superettan team Assyriska FF, who he 2008 left for the Division 2 team Ramlösa Södra FF.

Superettan
Superettan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsʉ̂ːpɛrˌɛtːan]; lit. 'the Super First (Division)') is an association football league and the second highest league in the league system of Swedish men's football. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Allsvenskan and Division 1. Seasons run from April to October, with teams playing 30 matches each, totalling 240 matches in the season.

The league was created in 2000. The second tier of Swedish football had previously consisted of a varying number of regionalized leagues operating under the Division 2 (1924–1986) and Division 1 (1987–1999) names.
Misko Iho
Misko Iho (born Mikko Iho; 9 May 1975) is a Finnish film director.

In the mid 1990s, he was part of the computer demo group Future Crew, and later worked designing computer game graphics in the United States. He also worked in organizing a number of music events, and later as a commercial and music video director — winning a number of Finnish and international awards.

Maija Vilkkumaa
Maija Johanna Vilkkumaa (born 9 November 1973) is a Finnish pop rock singer-songwriter. Beginning her musical hobbies playing piano at an age before school, Vilkkumaa studied in high school where she and her friends set up the band Tarharyhmä in 1990, which broke up in 1995. While studying Finnish language at the University of Helsinki, she started to take singing lessons and went on to start her solo career in 1999.

During her solo career from 1999 to 2011, Vilkkumaa has released eight full-length solo albums and sold over 300,000 certified records, becoming the tenth-best-selling female soloist in Finland. Along with meeting commercial success, the singer—who writes and composes the songs by herself—has also been credited for her songwriting skills by receiving the Juha Vainio Award. She has also received five Emma Awards, accolades for outstanding achievements in music, awarded by the Finnish music industry federation, Musiikkituottajat, and five Emma nominations.
Bam (surname)
Bam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bhuvan Bam (born 1994), Indian YouTuber, comedian, and singer

Brigalia Bam (born 1933), Anglican women's and social activist and writer

Chakra Bam (born 1997), Nepalese singer

Marvin Bam  (born 1977), South African field hockey player

Melinda Bam (born 1989), Miss South Africa 2011

Mohan Bam (born 1991), Nepalese judoka

Melinda Bam
Melinda Bam (born 13 May 1989) is a South African TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss South Africa 2011, becoming the official representative of her country to Miss Universe 2012. She has a swimwear line called Bambshell, for which she worked with South African swimwear brand.
Polokwane Local Municipality
Polokwane Municipality (Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Polokwane) is a local municipality within the Capricorn District Municipality, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It shares its name with the city of Polokwane.

Polokwane Municipality accounts for 3% of the total surface area of Limpopo; however, over 10% of the population of Limpopo resides within its boundaries. The municipality serves as the economic hub of Limpopo and has the highest population density in the Capricorn District Municipality. In terms of its physical composition, Polokwane Municipality is 23% urbanised and 71% rural. The largest sector of the community resides in rural tribal villages, followed by urban settlements.

Local municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a local municipality (Tswana: mmasepalaselegae; Sotho: masepala wa lehae; Northern Sotho: mmasepala wa selegae; Afrikaans: plaaslike munisipaliteit; Zulu: umasipala wendawo; Southern Ndebele: umasipaladi wendawo; Xhosa: umasipala wengingqi; Swazi: masipaladi wasekhaya; Venda: masipalawapo; Tsonga: masipala wa muganga) or Category B municipality is a type of municipality that serves as the third, and most local, tier of local government. Each district municipality is divided into a number of local municipalities, and responsibility for municipal affairs is divided between the district and local municipalities. There are 205 local municipalities in South Africa.

A local municipality may include rural areas as well as one or more towns or small cities. In larger urban areas there are no district or local municipalities, and a metropolitan municipality is responsible for all municipal affairs.
Plural society
A plural society is defined by Fredrik Barth as a society combining ethnic contrasts: the economic interdependence of those groups, and their ecological specialization (i.e., use of different environmental resources by each ethnic group). The ecological interdependence, or the lack of competition, between ethnic groups may be based on the different activities in the same region or on long–term occupation of different regions in the
Defined by J S Furnivall as a medley of peoples - European, Chinese, Indian and native, who do mix but do not combine. Each group holds by its own religion, its own culture and language, its own ideas and ways. As individuals they meet, but only in the marketplace in buying and selling. There is a plural society, with different sections of the community living side by side, within the same political unit.

Fredrik Barth
Thomas Fredrik Weybye Barth (22 December 1928 – 24 January 2016) was a Norwegian social anthropologist who published several ethnographic books with a clear formalist view. He was a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Boston University, and previously held professorships at the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen (where he founded the Department of Social Anthropology), Emory University and Harvard University. He was appointed a government scholar in 1985.
Spectacled sea snake
The spectacled sea snake (Hydrophis kingii), also known commonly as King's sea snake, is species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to waters off northern Australia and the southern coast of New Guinea.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
McAllister Creek (Puget Sound tributary)
McAllister Creek is a stream in Thurston County in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary to Puget Sound.

McAllister Creek was named after James McAllister, a pioneer who arrived in the 1840s. The creek is also known as Medicine Creek or šxʷnanəm, to the Puyallup people.

Thurston County, Washington
Thurston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 294,793. The county seat is Olympia, the state capital.

Thurston County was created out of Lewis County by the government of Oregon Territory on January 12, 1852. At that time, it covered all of the Puget Sound region and the Olympic Peninsula. On December 22 of the same year, Pierce, King, Island, and Jefferson counties were split off from Thurston County. It is named after Samuel R. Thurston, the Oregon Territory's first delegate to Congress. Today, the county includes the southernmost part of the South Puget Sound and areas south along the I-5 corridor.

Thurston County comprises the Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Seattle–Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Rudi Vouk
Rudolf "Rudi" Vouk (born 19 March 1965) is an Austrian lawyer, politician and human rights activist of Slovene ethnic background, known for his legal and political fight for the minority rights of Carinthian Slovenes.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Transcription factory
Transcription factories, in genetics describe the discrete sites where transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, and are an example of a biomolecular condensate. They were first discovered in 1993 and have been found to have structures analogous to replication factories, sites where replication also occurs in discrete sites. The factories contain an RNA polymerase (active or inactive) and the necessary transcription factors (activators and repressors) for transcription. Transcription factories containing RNA polymerase II are the most studied but factories can exist for RNA polymerase I and III; the nucleolus being seen as the prototype for transcription factories. It is possible to view them under both light and electron microscopy. The discovery of transcription factories has challenged the original view of how RNA polymerase interacts with the DNA polymer and it is thought that the presence of factories has important effects on gene regulation and nuclear structure.

Nucleolus
The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs, ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/; pl.: nucleoli /-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress. Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions.  Malfunction of the nucleolus is the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.