hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demountable copy
Demountable copy is a form of traffic sign in which mass-produced sheet-metal characters (and graphics, such as route shields and arrows) are attached to the sign face through means such as screws, rivets and adhesives.

Because of the ability to remove the preformed metal characters from the sign, demountable-copy signs can be easily altered to change their message by removing unwanted sections of the legend and installing new elements.

Some states formerly applied their demountable characters to non-retroreflective sheeting but phased out the process when the glue used began to leak and damage the signs.

Highway shield
A highway shield or route marker is a sign denoting the route number of a highway, usually in the form of a symbolic shape with the route number enclosed. As the focus of the sign, the route number is usually the sign's largest element, with other items on the sign rendered in smaller sizes or contrasting colors.  Highway shields are used by travellers, commuters, and all levels of government for identifying, navigating, and organising routes within a given jurisdiction. Simplified highway shields often appear on maps.
Subsonic aircraft
A subsonic aircraft is an aircraft with a maximum speed less than the speed of sound (Mach 1). The term technically describes an aircraft that flies below its critical Mach number, typically around Mach 0.8. All current civil aircraft, including airliners, helicopters, future passenger drones, personal air vehicles and airships, as well as many military types, are subsonic.

Personal air vehicle
A personal air vehicle (PAV) is a proposed class of passenger aircraft providing on-demand air transport.

The emergence of this alternative to traditional ground transport methods has been enabled by unmanned aerial vehicle technologies and electric propulsion.
Barriers include aviation safety, airworthiness, operating costs, usability, airspace integration, aircraft noise and emissions, tackled first by small UAS certification then experience.
David J. Malan
David Jay Malan (/meɪlɛn/) is an American computer scientist and professor. Malan is a Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University, and is best known for teaching the course CS50, which is the largest open-learning course at Harvard University and Yale University and the largest massive open online course at EdX, with lectures being viewed by over a million people on the edX platform up to 2017.

Malan is a professor at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, where his research interests include cybersecurity, digital forensics, botnets, computer science education, distance learning, collaborative learning, and computer-assisted instruction.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Jim Olsen (basketball)
James Olsen Jr. (June 2, 1921 – December 1, 2000) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Chicago American Gears in the National Basketball League for nine games during the 1945–46 season and averaged 2.9 points per game.

Chicago American Gears
The Chicago American Gears were an American basketball team that played professionally in the National Basketball League (NBL) from 1944 to 1947 and in the Professional Basketball League of America (PBLA) in 1947 after leaving the NBL. The team is best known for George Mikan's stint with the team where he led them to the 1947 NBL championship. The team's owner, Maurice White, also owned the local American Gear & Manufacturing Company as well, hence the name of the team in question.
I-Mei Foods
I-Mei Foods (Chinese: 義美食品) is a Taiwanese food company founded in 1934. It is a well-known consumer brand in Taiwan and a major milk processor.
I-Mei Foods Co was the top fast-moving consumer goods brand in Taiwan for 2022, its 9th consecutive year number one, with 90% of Taiwanese households having purchased an I-Mei product, according to a 2023 study by Kantar Group.

Fast-moving consumer goods
Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost. Examples include non-durable household goods such as packaged foods, beverages, toiletries, candies, cosmetics, over-the-counter drugs, dry goods, and other consumables.

Fast-moving consumer goods have a high inventory turnover and are contrasted with specialty items, which have lower sales and higher inventory holding costs. Many retailers carry only FMCGs, particularly hypermarkets, big box stores, and warehouse club stores. Small convenience stores also stock fast-moving goods; the limited shelf space is filled with higher-turnover items.
Bøler IF
Bøler Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Bøler, Østensjø, Oslo. It has sections for association football, team handball, track and field and tennis. It formerly had a section for Nordic skiing.

It was founded on 24 October 1958. The club colors are yellow and blue.

The women's football team was a part of the inaugural Norwegian Premier League for women in 1987. The team stayed here until 1997, when relegation took place. A women's team currently does not exist.

The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. Its current stint in the Third Division runs from 2006. Well-known players include Kjell Roar Kaasa, Øyvind Bolthof and Dan Alberto Fellus.

Østensjø
Østensjø (pronounced [ˈœ̂sːtn̩ˌʂøː] ⓘ) is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.

The borough is in the southeastern part of Oslo. It is well known for its proximity to the forested area of Østmarka, a popular resort and hiking area for the citizens of Oslo and Lørenskog. Østensjø consists of the suburbs of Bøler, Abildsø, Bogerud, Skullerud, Ulsrud, Hellerud, Trasop, Oppsal and Manglerud, all located around Lake Østensjøvannet. The Østensjøvannet area has been a protected wildlife reserve since 1992.

Østensjø has traditionally been a Norwegian middle and working class borough, compared to the more immigrant 
populated boroughs in Oslo East End, like Alna, Grorud, Stovner and Søndre Nordstrand.

The club IL Manglerud Star which is known for ice hockey and football is located here.
Tiltman
Tiltman might refer to:

John Tiltman (John Hessell Tiltman) (1894-1982), one of the greatest British cryptanalysts during World War II

John Hessell Tiltman (property manager) (born 1942), British architect

A. H. Tiltman (Alfred Hessell Tiltman) (1891-1975), known as Hessell Tiltman, aircraft designer and co-founder of the British aeronautical company Airspeed Ltd

H. Hessell Tiltman (Hugh Hessell Tiltman) (1897-1976), British writer and journalist

Richard Tiltman (born 1960), English footballer

Claire Tiltman (1971-1993), British schoolgirl who was the victim of a high-profile murder in Greenhithe, Kent

John Hessell Tiltman (property manager)
Sir John Hessell Tiltman, KCVO (born 1942) is a retired British architect and property manager.

After complete a Diploma in Architecture at Brighton College of Art in 1965, Tiltman joined Greater London Council as an architect. Between 1969 and 1990, he was employed by the Department of the Environment's Property Services Agency, for the final two years as Head of the Royal Palaces Group. In 1991, he was appointed Deputy Director of Property Services in the Royal Household; after the fire at Windsor Castle in 1992, he was made director of the reconstruction project; on completion of the work in 1997, he was appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order. In 1996, he was promoted to Director of Property Services. He retired in 2003 and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
Bertie Takes Gussie's Place At Deverill Hall
"Bertie Takes Gussie's Place At Deverill Hall" is the fourth episode of the third series of the 1990s British comedy television series Jeeves and Wooster. It is also called "Right Ho! Jeeves". It first aired in the UK on 26 April 1992 (1992-4-26) on ITV.

In the US, it was aired as the second episode of the second series of Jeeves and Wooster on Masterpiece Theatre, on 3 January 1993. "The Ties That Bind" aired as the fourth episode of the third series instead.

Gussie Fink-Nottle
Augustus "Gussie" Fink-Nottle is a recurring fictional character in the Jeeves novels of comic writer P. G. Wodehouse, being a lifelong friend of Jeeves's master Bertie Wooster and a country member of the Drones Club. He wears horn-rimmed spectacles and studies newts.
Nicholas I de Stuteville
Nicholas I de Stuteville (died 1218) Baron of Liddel and Cottingham, was an English noble.

He was the second son of Robert de Stuteville and Helewise Murdac. Nicholas was heir to his brother William. He was one of the barons who met at Stamford in 1216. Nicholas was captured at the Battle of Lincoln on 20 May 1217, by William Marshall and paid 1,000 marks for his release. He died in 1218 and was succeeded by his grandson Eustace.

Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire
Cottingham is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) north-west of the centre of Kingston upon Hull, and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Beverley on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds.  It has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street, which cross each other near the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, and a market square called Market Green. Cottingham had a population of 17,164 residents in 2011, making it larger by area and population than many towns. As a result, it is one of the villages claiming to be the largest village in England.
Cicada Stakes
The Cicada Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York. Inaugurated in 1993, the Cicada Stakes was run at a distance of seven furlongs until 2006 when it was modified to six furlongs. It is a black type stakes race with a purse of $100,000 and has been a prep race to the Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing, including the Kentucky Oaks, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes and Mother Goose Stakes.

The race is named for the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame filly, Cicada. Owned by the renowned Meadow Stable of Christopher Chenery, she was voted champion two-year-old filly in 1961, champion three-year-old filly in 1962, and champion handicap filly or mare in 1963. There was no running in 2020.

Cicada (horse)
Cicada (May 9, 1959 – 1981) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was the first filly in American racing history to be awarded consecutive championships at the ages of two, three and four. She was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1967.
Keren Hadar
Keren Hadar (Hebrew: קרן הדר; born 1975) is a crossover soprano singer from Israel. She was born in Neve Ne'eman in the Hod HaSharon municipality. She is the third of four siblings. Keren's father, a businessman, was born in Israel and her mother, a secretary, was born in Yemen.

Daniel Akiva
Daniel Akiva (Hebrew: דניאל עקיבא; born 1953, Haifa, Israel) is a musician (guitarist) and composer.

Akiva studied with Haim Alexander and Haim Asulin at the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance in Jerusalem.

His compositional pieces are greatly influenced by the music of the Jewish Shephardic musical traditions of his native country. His project activities during 1983 with the singer Avraham Perrera, who is considered influential within that tradition, developed through that year by his involvement with the Kol Israel-Jerusalem Folklore music.

In 1987, the Swiss Confederation gave him an award for performances and composition, providing the impetus for continued study which he undertook at the Geneva Conservatory of Music, with studies of composition (Jean Ballissa) and studies from the lute with Jonathon Rubin. His work Mizmorim (psalms) won the ACUM Prize in 1990.
Altogether his repertoire includes works from the Renaissance through to the 20th century.
Frederick George Howard
Capt. Hon. Frederick George Howard (8 June 1805 – 18 November 1834) was a British politician and soldier from the aristocratic Howard family.

Howard was the second son of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle, and Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle (née Lady Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish), eldest daughter of the 5th Duke of Devonshire and his wife Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Lady Georgiana Spencer).

Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Spencer; /dʒɔːrˈdʒeɪnə/ jor-JAY-nə; 7 June 1757 – 30 March 1806), was an English aristocrat, socialite, political organiser, author, and activist. Born into the Spencer family and married into the Cavendish family, she was the first wife of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and the mother of the 6th Duke of Devonshire.

The Duchess was famous for her charisma, political influence, beauty, unusual marital arrangement, love affairs, socializing, and notoriety for her gambling addiction, leading to an immense debt. She was the great-great-great-grandaunt of Diana, Princess of Wales. Their lives, two centuries apart, have been compared in tragedy.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1958–1961
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1958 to 1961, as elected at the 1958 state election:

1  On 12 September 1958, the Labor member for Footscray, Ernie Shepherd, died. Labor candidate Bill Divers won the resulting by-election on 8 October 1958.

2  On 11 July 1960, the Liberal member for Scoresby, George Knox, died. Liberal candidate Bill Borthwick won the resulting by-election on 17 September 1960.

3  In September 1960, the Country member for Ballarat North, Russell White, resigned to take up a position on the Trotting Control Board. Liberal candidate Tom Evans won the resulting by-election on 12 November 1960.

Electoral district of Scoresby
The Electoral district of Scoresby was an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was first created after the district of Upper Yarra was abolished in 1945. George Knox was the last member for Upper Yarra and the first for Scoresby. The electorate was abolished after a redistribution in 1976, being replaced by the district of Wantirna. Geoff Hayes then became the first member for Wantirna-Jack Edwards then became the first member for wantrina. After the 2002 redistribution, the electorate was replaced, once again returning as the electoral district of Scoresby. The first member for Scoresby, Kim Wells, was also the last member for Wantirna. The seat was again abolished in 2014 and replaced by Rowville.
Karandighi
Karandighi is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Islampur subdivision of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Dalkhola, Uttar Dinajpur was established  in 2005. The school is temporariliy running at Teest Colony, Dalkhola, Uttar Dinajpur. It is adjacent to Primary Health Center, Dalkhola on NH 34. The land for the construction of permanent building has been transferred and construction work is about to start at Village Sima Anandapur of Panchayat Raniganj. The temporary site is about 3.5 Km from Dalkhola Railway Station.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
7th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias
The 7th General Junta was the meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional election held on 27 May 2007. The congress met for the first time on 21 June 2007.

Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
The deputy prime minister of Spain, officially the vice president of the Government (Spanish: Vicepresidente del Gobierno), is the second in command to the prime minister, assuming the responsibilities of the premiership when the prime minister is absent or incapable of exercising power.

The deputy prime minister is usually handpicked by the prime minister from the members of the Council of Ministers and appointed by the Monarch before whom they take an oath. The deputy prime minister may be the head of a government department, but it depends on the will of the prime minister, who may have a deputy premier without a portfolio.

When there are more than one deputy prime minister, the officeholder is frequently referred to as the first deputy prime minister (Spanish: Vicepresidente primero del Gobierno). Since 2023, there are three deputy prime ministers; María Jesús Montero serves as first deputy prime minister since 29 December 2023 and as minister of Finance since 2018.
Léon Gaston Seurat
Léon Gaston Seurat (1872–1949) was a French zoologist and parasitologist known for his investigations of fauna native to French Polynesia and northern Africa.

In 1899 he submitted his graduate thesis on entomophagous Hymenoptera to the faculty of Paris, afterwards (1902–05) working as a naturalist in the South Seas, most notably in the Tuamotu and Gambier Islands. In May 1906 he began work as préparateur of zoology in the laboratory of Biologie appliquée aux colonies. Later on in his career, he was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Algiers.

Taxa with the specific epithet of seurati are named after him, a few examples being Acomys seurati (Seurat's spiny mouse), Perinereis seurati (an annelid species described by Charles Gravier in 1905)  and Calcinus seurati (Seurat's hermit crab). Also a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum was named Seuratia with its accompanying family Seuratiaceae.

Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.
2016 Korean FA Cup
The 2016 Korean FA Cup, known as 2016 KEB Hana Bank FA Cup, was the 21st edition of the Korean FA Cup. Suwon Samsung Bluewings won their fourth FA Cup title after defeating defending champions FC Seoul in the final, and qualified for the 2017 AFC Champions League.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Epiphreatic zone
In a cave system, the epiphreatic zone or floodwater zone is the zone between the vadose (unsaturated) zone above and phreatic (saturated) zone below.  It is regularly flooded and has a significant porosity. It has a great potential for cave formation.

Speleothem
A speleothem (/ˈspiːliəθɛm/; from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. They can take a variety of forms, depending on their depositional history and environment. Common forms include stalagmites, stalactites, and flowstones.

Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. Their chemical composition, gradual growth, and preservation in caves make them useful paleoclimatic proxies.
Quarto Oggiaro
Quarto Oggiaro (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkwarto odˈdʒaːro]; Lombard: Quart Oggiee [ˈkwɑːrt uˈdʒeː]) is a district of Milan in the north-west of the city. It belongs to Zone 8, and has a population of 35000 inhabitants.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Waldviertel
The Waldviertel (Austrian German: [ˈvaldˌfɪrtl̩] ⓘ; lit. 'Forest Quarter'; Central Bavarian: Woidviadl; Czech: Lesní čtvrť) is the northwestern region of the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is bounded to the south by the river Danube, to the southwest by Upper Austria, to the northwest and to the north by the Czech Republic and to the east by the Manhartsberg (537 m, 1,762 ft), which is the survey point dividing the Waldviertel from the Weinviertel region. Geologically it is part of the Bohemian Massif. In the south are the Wachau and Kamptal wine regions.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Bharuch Junction railway station
Bharuch Junction (station code: BH) is a railway station on the Western Railway network, located in Bharuch, Gujarat, India. It is 'A' category railway station of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. It serves Bharuch city. It has 5 platforms.It has a double discharge platform type, Platform 1 (the shorter one is the side platform) and Platform 2 (island platform). Bharuch Junction is well connected to Dahej Port by rail.There was a passenger train operated on the Dahej route (which is now discontinued and no longer operational due to lack of passengers)

It is an important halt for all trains that are bound for Ahmedabad Junction, Jaipur Junction, Mumbai, Amritsar and Delhi.

Dahej Port
21°42′N 72°32′E﻿ / ﻿21.700°N 72.533°E﻿ / 21.700; 72.533Dahej is a cargo port situated on the South-west coast of Gujarat, India in Bharuch district. There is 17.5 million tonnes per year capacity LNG terminal operated by Petronet in Dahej.