hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Former Region 10 (Johannesburg)
Region 10 was an administrative district from 2000 to 2006 in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. It included most of Soweto. Soweto is a composite name, standing for South-Western Townships. So even this eastern region of it lay not to the south of central Johannesburg, but south of Florida. Its northern boundary was shared with Region 4 (Florida).

The region was abolished with a reorganisation of regions in 2006.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Argyractis drumalis
Argyractis drumalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida.

The length of the forewings is about 5 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from February to November.

The larvae feed on the roots of Pistia stratiotes and Nymphaea species. They are aquatic.

Pistia
Pistia is a genus of aquatic plants in the arum family, Araceae. It is the sole genus in the tribe Pistieae which reflects its systematic isolation within the family. The single species it comprises, Pistia stratiotes, is often called water cabbage, water lettuce, Nile cabbage, or shellflower. Its native distribution is uncertain but is probably pantropical; it was first scientifically described from plants found on the Nile near Lake Victoria in Africa. It is now present, either naturally or through human introduction, in nearly all tropical and subtropical fresh waterways and is considered an invasive species as well as a mosquito breeding habitat. The specific epithet is derived from a Greek word, στρατιώτης, meaning "soldier", which references the sword-shaped leaves of some plants in the Stratiotes genus.
Tunku Abdul Malik
Tunku Abdul Malik ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah (24 September 1929 – 29 November 2015) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Kedah. He was the son of Sultan Badlishah and the brother of the late ruler, Sultan Abdul Halim. He served as Regent of Kedah from 1970 to 1975.

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.
Veit Helmer
Veit Helmer (born 24 April 1968) is a German film director and screenwriter. He started shooting films at the age of fourteen. After finishing school he was trainee at German TV station NDR. Two month before the wall came down, he moved to East-Berlin to study theatre directing at the famous drama school "Ernst Busch". From 1991 to 1997 Helmer studied film directing at HFF Munich. His first feature film Tuvalu (starring Denis Lavant and Chulpan Khamatova) earned more than 32 awards. His 2008 film Absurdistan was premiered in Sundance and entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.

University of Television and Film Munich
The University of Television and Film Munich (German: Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film München, short: HFF Munich) is a publicly funded film school in Munich, Germany. The school was established in 1966 by decree of the Bavarian government. The University of Television and Film Munich is one of Germany's most reputable film schools with about 350 students enrolled.
Mary W. S. Wong
Mary Wong Wai San is the vice president for strategic community operations, planning & engagement at ICANN (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). Prior to taking up a full-time position with ICANN, she was the founding director of the Franklin Pierce Center for Intellectual Property and a tenured professor at the University of New Hampshire in Concord, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
Phellodon fibulatus
Phellodon fibulatus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the United States, the fungus was described as new to science in 1972 by Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison. It is one of the few species of Phellodon that possess clamp connections in its hyphae.

Clamp connection
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of basidiomycete fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), receives a set of differing nuclei, which are obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. It is used to maintain genetic variation within the hypha much like the mechanisms found in croziers (hooks) during the sexual reproduction of ascomycetes.
Jim Aparo
James N. Aparo (/əˈpæroʊ/; August 24, 1932 – July 19, 2005) was an American comic book artist, best known for his DC Comics work from the late 1960s through the 1990s, including on the characters Batman, Aquaman, and the Spectre, along with famous stories such as "A Death in the Family" and "KnightFall".

Adventure Comics
Adventure Comics is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from 1938 to 1983 and revived from 2009 to 2011. In its first era, the series ran for 503 issues (472 of those after the title changed from New Adventure Comics), making it the fifth-longest-running DC series, behind Detective Comics, Action Comics, Superman, and Batman. The series was revived in 2009 through a new "#1" issue by artist Clayton Henry and writer Geoff Johns. It returned to its original numbering with #516 (September 2010). The series ended again with #529 (October 2011) prior to a company-wide revision of DC's superhero comic book line, known as "The New 52".
Kinky Island
Kinky Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Alaska Panhandle.

Kinky Island was named in 1925 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

The island is located within Fleming Channel, 12 mi (19 km) west of Chichagof Island, and is within the Tongass National Forest.  Kinky Island is included in the Sitka Coastal Management Plan as a special management area and designated recreational use area.

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.
Harry Swan
Harry Gordon Swan (August 11, 1887 – May 9, 1946) was a professional baseball pitcher who played for the Kansas City Packers of the Federal League. Swan played in only one Major League Baseball game in his career on April 2, 1914. He pitched one inning, allowing no hits, one base on balls, and striking out one batter.

Inning
In baseball, softball, and similar games, an inning is the basic unit of play, consisting of two halves or frames, the "top" (first half) and the "bottom" (second half). In each half, one team bats until three outs are made, with the other team playing defense. A full baseball game is typically scheduled for nine innings, while softball games consist of seven innings, although this may be shortened due to weather, or extended if the score is tied at the end of the scheduled innings. The use of the term inning in baseball and softball contrasts with cricket and rounders, in which the term is innings in both singular and plural.
French Republicans under the July Monarchy
Although the Three Glorious Days of July 1830 involved the participation of various political groups, including Republicans, the outcome led to the establishment of a second constitutional monarchy under Louis-Philippe. The July Revolution ultimately benefited the liberal bourgeoisie, who were better positioned and organized to form a new regime and who generally opposed the creation of a republic. As a result, Republican opposition to the new constitutional monarchy continued.

Odilon Barrot
Camille Hyacinthe Odilon Barrot (French: [ɔdilɔ̃ baʁo]; 19 July 1791 – 6 August 1873) was a French politician who was briefly head of the council of ministers under the presidency of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.
Finn Ravndal
Finn Ravndal (born 1942) is a Norwegian physicist. Ravndal grew up in Molde Municipality in Norway. In 1961 he enrolled at the Norwegian Institute of Technology to study physics (Teknisk Fysikk). In 1966 he completed the degree of sivilingeniør (equivalent to Bachelor of Science) with a dissertation in the area of theoretical physics under the supervision of Harald Wergeland.

During the summer of 1965, he interned at CERN where he worked with an experimental particle physics group to study bubble chamber images for the detection of new elementary particles.

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.

The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.
Occoquan, Virginia
Occoquan (/ˈɒkəkwɒn/) is a town in eastern Prince William County, Virginia, United States, founded in 1804. As of the 2020 census, Occoquan had a population of 1,035. The current mayor is Earnest W. Porta Jr. Today, the town is a restored artists' community, with shops, outdoor dining, ghost walks, and a town boat dock, as well as historic buildings dating back to the 19th century.

Doeg people
The Doeg (also called Dogue, Taux, Tauxenent) were a Native American people who lived in Virginia. They spoke an Algonquian language and may have been a branch of the Nanticoke tribe, historically based on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.  The Nanticoke considered the Algonquian Lenape as "grandfathers".  The Doeg are known for a raid in July 1675 that contributed to colonists' uprising in Bacon's Rebellion.
Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida, the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).

Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is able to fix CO2. However, this species also depends primarily on fungal associations for carbon acquisition.

Myco-heterotrophy
Myco-heterotrophy (from Greek μύκης mýkes 'fungus', ἕτερος héteros 'another', 'different' and τροφή trophé 'nutrition') is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis. A myco-heterotroph is the parasitic plant partner in this relationship. Myco-heterotrophy is considered a kind of cheating relationship and myco-heterotrophs are sometimes informally referred to as "mycorrhizal cheaters". This relationship is sometimes referred to as mycotrophy, though this term is also used for plants that engage in mutualistic mycorrhizal relationships.
1976 Israel Super Cup
The 1976 Israel Super Cup was the sixth Israel Super Cup (11th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.

The match was played between Hapoel Be'er Sheva, champions of the 1975–76 Liga Leumit and Beitar Jerusalem, winners of the 1975–76 Israel State Cup.

This was Hapoel Be'er Sheva's 2nd Israel Super Cup appearance and Beitar's first. At the match, played at Bloomfield Stadium, Beitar Jerusalem won 3–2, after extra time.

Bloomfield Stadium
Bloomfield Stadium (Hebrew: אצטדיון בלומפילד) is a football stadium in Tel Aviv, Israel, with a capacity of 29,400. It is the home stadium of Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Tel Aviv. The stadium also serves the Israel national football team for some select home matches.
South Staffordshire Tramways Company
The South Staffordshire and Birmingham District Steam Tramways Company which became the South Staffordshire Tramways Company operated a tramway service from their depot in Wednesbury between 1883 and 1924.

Beyer, Peacock and Company
Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English general engineering company and railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson founded the company in 1854. The company closed its railway operations in the early 1960s. It retained its stock market listing until 1976, when it was bought and absorbed by National Chemical Industries of Saudi Arabia.
Western Canada Hockey League
The Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), founded in 1921, was a major professional ice hockey league originally based in the prairies of Canada. It was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925 and disbanded in 1926.

The WCHL's Victoria Cougars were the last non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup when they won the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals over the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.
Macanese Portuguese
Macanese Portuguese (Portuguese: português macaense) is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is a co-official with Cantonese. Macanese Portuguese is spoken, to some degree either natively or as a second language, by roughly 2.3% of the population of Macau. It should not be confused with Macanese language (or patuá), a distinct Portuguese creole that developed in Macau during the Portuguese rule.

Portuguese-based creole languages
Portuguese creoles are creole languages whose lexical base is mainly derived from Portuguese. The oldest of them, Cape Verdean Creole, appeared at the end of the 15th century, while the more recent ones, such as Malacca Creole or Diu Creole, developed in the 17th and 18th centuries in the former Asian trading posts of the Portuguese empire.
Chris Barrett (Australian footballer)
Chris Barrett (born 24 March 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Port Adelaide and West Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

Originally from the Torquay Football Club in the Bellarine Football League (BFL), Barrett was drafted by Fitzroy at number 64 at the 1991 AFL draft. Barrett played 5 games for Fitzroy in 1992 before moving to the SANFL.

Torquay Football Club
The Torquay Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the town of Torquay, Victoria. The Tigers teams currently play in the Bellarine Football League.
Persecution of Jews
The persecution of Jews is a major component of Jewish history, and has prompted shifting waves of refugees and the formation of diaspora communities around the world. The earliest major event was in 597 BCE, when the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered the Kingdom of Judah and then persecuted and exiled its Jewish subjects. Antisemitism has been widespread across many regions of the world and practiced by many different empires, governments, and adherents of other religions.

Jews have been commonly used as scapegoats for tragedies and disasters such as in the Black Death persecutions, the 1066 Granada massacre, the Massacre of 1391 in Spain, the many pogroms in the Russian Empire, and the ideology of Nazism, which led to the Holocaust, the systematic murder of six million Jews during World War II.

Pogroms in the Russian Empire
Pogroms in the Russian Empire (Russian: Еврейские погромы в Российской империи, romanized: Evreyskie pogromy v Rossiyskoy imperii) were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish riots that began in the 19th century. Pogroms began to occur after Imperial Russia, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire from 1772 to 1815. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live. The Pale of Settlement primarily included the territories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Bessarabia (modern Moldova), Lithuania and Crimea. Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of European Russia (including Finland), unless they converted from Judaism or obtained a university diploma or first guild merchant status. Migration to the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East or Central Asia was not restricted.
Nande
Nande is a village situated on a south bank of the Mula River to the west of the City of Pune in Mulshi taluka, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India, with a majority Marathi Muslim population. The nearest village is Chande, located about 1.2 km to the west, reachable via the east–west Sus road, the only road to cross through Nande. The Balewadi–Nande road from the northeast and a northbound offshoot of the Paud road from the south both merge into the Sus road in Nande.  By road, other nearby settlements include Mulkhed (4.2 km southwest), Maan (5.1 km north), and Pirangut (7.9 km southwest), and nearby neighborhoods of Pune include Sus (4.3 km east) and Hinjawadi (9.5 km northeast). The railway stations nearest to the village are Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Sus, Pune
Sus is a neighbourhood in the Pune Metropolitan Area. It is located in the north-west area of the city. Earlier a small village, Sus is being increasingly urbanized. The neighbourhood falls under the jurisdiction of the Pune Municipal Corporation.

Sus is well connected to important roads. The Deu Road–Katraj bypass is just off Sus, enabling easy connectivity to Pimpri-Chinchwad and the Mumbai–Pune Expressway. The Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park in Hinjawadi is about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Sus, making it a residential preference to people working in the Information Technology industry.
Abralia spaercki
Abralia spaercki is a species of enoploteuthid cephalopod that has been found in the waters off northern Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Its taxonomic relationship with A. multihamata still needs to be determined. It inhabits the mesopelagic zone of continental or island shelves.

Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (660 to 3,280 ft) below the ocean surface.

The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture.