hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syrtis Hill
Syrtis Hill (71°50′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°S 68.333°W﻿ / -71.833; -68.333) is a prominent snow-free conical terraced hill, rising to about 500 m, on the northwest corner of the Two Step Cliffs massif overlooking Viking Valley, in the southeast portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The hill is an important snow-free landmark and the site of biological and geological research. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1993 after Syrtis Major Planum, the prominent dark feature on the planet Mars, first described by the Dutch astronomer Huygens in 1659. This hill was most likely named in association with nearby Mars Glacier and Planet Heights.

Mars Glacier
Mars Glacier is a glacier in the southeastern corner of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, flowing south into the George VI Ice Shelf. The glacier lies between Two Step Cliffs and Phobos Ridge.  Mars Glacier was first sighted from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. It was first surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the planet Mars, the fourth planet from the sun in the Solar System.

Although Mars Glacier is not located within the Planet Heights mountain range, it lies nearby, and its name derives from it, along with many other nearby glaciers and landmarks located here which are named after planets, satellites and astrophysicists.
Low-degree saturation
In a scale-free network the degree distribution follows a power law function. In some empirical examples this power-law fits the degree distribution well only in the high degree region; in some small degree nodes the empirical degree-distribution deviates from it. See for example the network of scientific citations. This deviation of the observed degree-distribution from the theoretical prediction at the low-degree region is often referred as low-degree saturation. The empirical degree-distribution typically deviates downward from the power-law function fitted on higher order nodes, which means low-degree nodes are less frequent in real data than what is predicted by the Barabási–Albert model.

Initial attractiveness
The initial attractiveness is a possible extension of the Barabási–Albert model (preferential attachment model). The Barabási–Albert model generates scale-free networks where the degree distribution can be described by a pure power law. However, the degree distribution of most real life networks cannot be described by a power law solely. The most common discrepancies regarding the degree distribution found in real networks are the high degree cut-off (or structural cut-off) and the low degree saturation. The inclusion of initial attractiveness in the Barabási–Albert model addresses the low-degree saturation phenomenon.

Intuitively, it also makes sense since when moving to a new city you can still make new connections even though you don't know anyone. But in the Barabási–Albert model a node that has degree zero has probability 0 of garnering new connections. With initial attractiveness you always have a residual "attractiveness" irrespective of how many connections you already have.
De Alde Friezen
"De Âlde Friezen" (English: "The Old Frisians") is the anthem of the Friesland province of the Netherlands.

The text is by the Frisian writer Eeltsje Halbertsma. The version commonly sung today is an abridgement, dating from 1876, by Jacobus van Loon. The words were not set to music until after Halbertsma's death; they were first sung in 1875 at a ceremony held to commemorate his work. 
The song was adopted as the Frisian anthem by the Selskip foar Frysk Taal- en Skriftekennisse (Society for Frisian Language and Literature) and has served as the anthem of Friesland ever since.

Frisians
The Frisians (/ˈfriːʒənz/ FREEZH-ənz) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwestern Europe on the coastal regions of northern Netherlands, north-western Germany and southwestern Denmark. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch province of Friesland and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia (which was a part of Denmark until 1864).

The Frisian languages are spoken by more than 500,000 people; West Frisian is officially recognised in the Netherlands (in the Dutch province Friesland) while North Frisian and Saterland Frisian are recognised as regional languages in Germany.
Bill I. Foster
Bill I. Foster (born December 23, 1946 - January 10, 2025) is an American politician who served in the Missouri Senate. He served in the National Guard.  Foster served as mayor of Poplar Bluff from 1979 until 1980.  He previously served in the Missouri House of Representatives between 1993 and 2001.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
VU-0238429
VU-0238429 is a drug which acts as a selective positive allosteric modulator for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5. It was the first selective ligand developed for the M5 subtype, and is structurally derived from older M1-selective positive allosteric modulators such as VU-0119498. Replacing the O-methyl- by a phenyl group further improves the receptor subtype selectivity.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Virginia H. Pearce
Virginia Hinckley Pearce (born February 8, 1945) is an author and was a member of the Young Women General Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1992 to 1997. She is the daughter of the church's 15th president, Gordon B. Hinckley.

At the church's April 1992 general conference, Pearce was sustained as first counselor to Young Women general president Janette C. Hales. She served in this capacity until 1997, when Hales was released and replaced by Margaret D. Nadauld. Pearce is a member of the board of directors of Deseret Book, a company owned by the LDS Church.

Pearce is the author and coauthor of multiple books. In 1965, she married James R. M. Pearce (died 2009) and they had six children.

Common consent
Common consent is a democratic principle established by Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, who taught in 1830 that "all things must be done in order, and by common consent in the church, by the prayer of faith."
Chemical Vapor Deposition (journal)
Chemical Vapor Deposition was a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering materials science. It was established in 1995 and ceased independent publication in 2015, when it became a section of Advanced Materials Interfaces. The journal was published by Wiley-VCH and the editor-in-chief was Peter Gregory.

Wiley-VCH
Wiley-VCH is a German publisher owned by John Wiley & Sons. It was founded in 1921 as Verlag Chemie (meaning "Chemistry Press": VCH stands for Verlag Chemie) by two German learned societies. Later, it was merged into the German Chemical Society (GDCh). In 1991, VCH acquired Akademie Verlag. It has been owned by John Wiley & Sons since 1996. The humanities section of Akademie Verlag and the Akademie brand were sold in 1997 to R. Oldenbourg Verlag, while VCH retained the natural sciences catalog.
Santa Vittoria in Matenano
Santa Vittoria in Matenano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the central Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 miles) south of Ancona and about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Ascoli Piceno.

Its name refers to Saint Victoria, some of whose relics were transferred in 827 by Abbot Peter of Farfa from the Abbey to Mount Matenano in the Picene area (roughly the south of Le Marche) due to Saracen invasions.  Ratfredus, a later Abbot of Farfa, brought the body of Santa Vittoria from Farfa on 20 June 931.

The 1966 published novel by Robert Crichton took place here. Stanley Kramer's The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969) was shot in Anticoli Corrado, because the town had become too modernized since the Second World War period in which the story was set.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Banda de Ipanema
Banda de Ipanema is one of the largest Carnival blocks of Rio de Janeiro's street Carnival festivities. The first parade happened in 1965, when Brazil was under a military dictatorship. In 2004 it was declared part of the city's cultural heritage. The first parade happens on Saturday two weeks before Carnival, and they march again on Carnival Saturday and Carnival Tuesday (Mardi-Gras).
The event attracts as many as 20 thousand people to the streets of Ipanema.

Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a type of dictatorship where supreme power is held and exercised by the armed forces. Military dictatorships are usually led by the commander-in-chief of the military or the leading figure in military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary.

Modern military dictatorship developed in Latin America during the 19th century, and it expanded in Europe during the early-20th century. It saw a resurgence during the Cold War, and new military dictatorships were established in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the 1960s. Some scholars have asserted that the number of military dictatorships has declined since the end of the Cold War.
Pueblo Memorial Airport
Pueblo Memorial Airport (IATA: PUB, ICAO: KPUB, FAA LID: PUB) is a public airport located six miles east of Pueblo, in Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. It is primarily used for general aviation.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,345 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 5,192 in 2009 and 11,641 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 called it a non-primary commercial service airport based on enplanements in 2008/2009 (between 2,500 and 10,000 per year).

Rocky Mountain Airways
Rocky Mountain Airways was a commuter airline in the United States that operated from 1963 until it merged with Britt Airways in 1991.  It was headquartered in Hangar No. 6 of the now-closed Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado. It was sold to Texas Air Corporation/Continental Airlines in 1986 and was operated as a Continental Express subsidiary until its operations were merged with Britt Airways in 1991.
The airline flew from Denver's Stapleton International Airport to a variety of destinations in Colorado, Nebraska and Wyoming. The airline operated out of the old commuter terminal in Concourse A at Stapleton.
Yevgeni Lazarev
Yevgeni Nikolayevich Lazarev (Belarusian: Яўген Мікалаевіч Лазараў; Russian: Евге́ний Никола́евич Ла́зарев; 31 March 1937 – 18 November 2016), also known as Eugene Lazarev, was a Russian actor and director.

Moscow Art Theatre
The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; Russian: Московский Художественный академический театр (МХАТ), Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr (MHAT)) was a theatre company in Moscow. It was founded in 1898 (1898) by the seminal Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski, together with the playwright and director Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. It was conceived as a venue for naturalistic theatre, in contrast to the melodramas that were Russia's dominant form of theatre at the time. The theatre, the first to regularly put on shows implementing Stanislavski's system, proved hugely influential in the acting world and in the development of modern American theatre and drama.

It was officially renamed the Gorky Moscow Art Theatre in 1932. In 1987, the theatre split into two troupes, the Moscow Gorky Academic Art Theatre and the Moscow Chekhov Art Theatre.
Zoltán Sztanity
Zoltán Sztanity (born 1 February 1954) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the K-1 500 m event at Montreal in 1976.

Sztanity also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1975) and a bronze (K-1 500 m: 1977).

1977 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1977 Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak. The men's K-1 4 x 500 m relay was discontinued at these championships and replaced by the men's K-4 500 m event.

This was the thirteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Trilby
A trilby is a narrow-brimmed type of hat. The trilby was once viewed as the rich man's favored hat; it is sometimes called the "brown trilby" in Britain and was frequently seen at the horse races.

The traditional London hat company Lock and Co. describes the trilby as having a "shorter brim which is angled down at the front and slightly turned up at the back" compared to the fedora's "wider brim which is more level". The trilby also has a slightly shorter crown than a typical fedora design.

James Lock & Co.
Lock & Co. Hatters (formally James Lock and Co. Ltd) is the world's oldest hat shop, the world's 34th oldest family-owned business and is a royal warrant holder. Its shop is located at 6 St James's Street, London, and is a Grade II* listed building.
Frederick Jackman
Frederick Jackman (15 May 1841 — 5 September 1891) was an English first-class cricketer.

Jackman was born at Fareham in May 1841. He made two appearances in first-class cricket for Hampshire, against Kent at Catford in 1875, and Derbyshire at Derby in 1877. In his two first-class matches, he scored 26 runs and took a single wicket. Outside of cricket, he was by profession a watchmaker. Jackman died at Horndean on 5 September 1891, whilst playing cricket with friends. After striking the ball whilst batting right-handed, he then swapped hands to bat with his left-hand and proceeded to strike the ball once again. It was after this strike that he suddenly collapsed and died. Following a post-mortem, the cause of death was established as "syncope due to fatty degeneration of the heart, and probably accelerated by over-exertion on a full stomach". A verdict of death by natural causes was returned.

Horndean
Horndean is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district, in Hampshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Portsmouth.

The nearest railway station is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) southeast of the village at Rowlands Castle.

The village had a population of 12,942 at the 2011 Census, and shares the semi-rural character of others in the district.

The village was the home of Gales Brewery from 1850. In 2005, it was bought by Fuller, Smith and Turner, who closed it in 2006, when it was converted to shops and flats.
Uno Kaskpeit
Uno Kaskpeit (born 8 June 1957 in Valga) is an Estonian politician. He has been a member of the XIII Riigikogu and XIV Riigikogu.

In 2000 he graduated from Estonian Academy of Security Sciences in border guard. In 2006 Kaskpeidi Unn graduated from Tallinn University in organisational behaviour.

Since 2015 he is a member of Conservative People's Party of Estonia.

Valga, Estonia
Valga (German: Walk; Latvian: Valka) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County and Valga Parish. Until their separation in 1920, Valga and the town of Valka in northern Latvia were one town. They are now twin-towns. The area of Valga is 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 square miles). The population is 12,261. On 21 December 2007 all border-crossing points were removed and roads and fences opened between the two countries with both countries joining the Schengen Agreement.
Jacobus Groenendaal
Jacobus Groenendaal (1 November 1805 – 27 November 1860) was a South African statesman of Dutch origin, member of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State and the republic's first Treasurer General and Government Secretary in office from 1854 to 1855 and 1856 respectively.

Groenendaal was born in Heerewaarden, Netherlands, and was one of the many Dutch immigrants who settled in South Africa around the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a schoolteacher by training, but quickly became an influential politician, first in the negotiations about the formation of the Orange Free State, and afterwards as a parliamentarian and office holder. His political career was hampered by bad health and differences of opinion with State President Boshoff, and eventually cut short by his early death.

Groenendaal left an important political legacy in the form of the Orange free State constitution, in the draft of which he played an important role.

Fauresmith
Fauresmith is located 130 km south west of Bloemfontein, South Africa. The town, named after Rev Phillip Faure and Sir Harry Smith, is the second oldest town in the Free State.

Fauresmith is the only town in South Africa, and one of only three in the world, where the railway line runs down the centre of the main road.

The town is well known in equestrian circles for the annual National Equestrian Endurance Race, during which the horses and riders must complete a grueling 205 km course during the three days of the event.

Winters are extremely cold with temperatures often below freezing.
Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca
Llaqta Qulluy (Quechua llaqta place (village, town, city, country, nation), qulluy to die out, become extinct; to fail, "extinct town", also spelled Llaqta Qolloy) is an archaeological site in Peru on a mountain of that name. It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Conayca District. The predominantly circular walls of Llaqta Qulluy are situated at a height of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft).

Department of Huancavelica
Huancavelica (Spanish pronunciation: [waŋkaβeˈlika] ⓘ; Quechua: Wankawillka) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the departments of Lima and Ica in the west, Junín in the north, and Ayacucho in the east. It has an area of 22,131.47 km2 (8,545.01 sq mi) and a population of 347,639 (2017 census). It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huancavelica.
Irideae
Irideae is a tribe included in the well-known family Iridaceae. It contains many species in five genera which are widely distributed in the Old World. The tribe derives its name from Iris, which is the largest genus of the tribe.

The blooms, borne in an inflorescence and often scented, have six petals, these being identical only in the genus Ferraria. The ovary is 3-locular and contains seeds which are usually circular and pellet-like. Members of the tribe bear typically sword-shaped leaves and the rootstock is usually rhizome or corm. Only two subgenera of Iris have bulbs. These are Xiphium and Hermodactyloides.

Many of the species are popular ornamental plants, but many are threatened with extinction.

List of genera:

Bobartia

Dietes

Ferraria

Iris

Moraea

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Mount Tod (Antarctica)
Mount Tod (67°13′S 50°39′E﻿ / ﻿67.217°S 50.650°E﻿ / -67.217; 50.650) is a mountain on the southwest side of Auster Glacier, at the head of Amundsen Bay in Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Ian Maxwell Tod, weather observer at Mawson Station in 1961.

Amundsen Bay
Amundsen Bay, also known as Ice Bay, is a long embayment 39 kilometres (24 mi) wide, close west of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. The bay was seen as a large pack-filled recession in the coastline by Sir Douglas Mawson on 14 January 1930. Seen by Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen in charge of a Norwegian expedition during an airplane flight on 15 January and subsequently mapped nearer its true position by the Norwegians. The bay was mapped in detail by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party landed by aircraft in 1956 and another landed by launch from Thala Dan in February 1958. It was named by Mawson after Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer who was first to reach the South Pole.
Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe
Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe (Polish: Powiat skwierzyński) was a district in Prussia, first in the southern administrative Region of Posen within the Prussian Province of Posen (until 1920), then within the Province of the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (until 1 October 1938) and at last as part of the administrative Region of Frankfurt within the Province of Brandenburg (until 1945). It presently lies in the western part of Polish region of Lubusz Voivodeship.

Province of Posen
The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen; Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.

Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital.
St Peter's Catholic School, Bournemouth
St Peter's Catholic School is a co-educational Roman Catholic school located in Bournemouth, Dorset, England. It is run under the joint trusteeship of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth and a religious order of teachers, the De La Salle Brothers. Former headteacher David Todd joined the school in 2013 and converted the school into an academy. The current headteacher is Mr Ben Doyle.

St Peter's has achieved both drama and sports specialist school status. The nearest Catholic church is Our Lady Queen of Peace and Blessed Margaret Pole.

The Lower Primary School (Years reception –6) is on Holdenhurst Avenue, Iford; the Upper School (Years 7–13) is on St. Catherine's Road, Southbourne. The Upper School site includes the De La Salle Theatre, which seats 470 people.

Footloose (musical)
Footloose is a 1998 musical based on the 1984 film of the same name. The music is by Tom Snow (among others), the lyrics by Dean Pitchford (with additional lyrics by Kenny Loggins), and the book by Pitchford and Walter Bobbie. Lighting design by Ken Billington.