hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Janus August Garde
Janus August Garde (1823 – 1893) was Governor of the Danish West Indies from 25 September 1872 to 23 March 1881. He had a break in service from 5 January 1876 to 16 September 1876, when he went back to Denmark to gather knowledge on the latest of sugar processing. His absence was expected to be only few weeks, but lasted over eight months. Carl Anton Frederik Christian Hattensen (1828-1884) was acting Governor during Garde's absence.

Governor Garde is credited for establishing an education system on the islands, such the St. Thomas College in 1875, increasing the number of police and improving the appearance of the capital as well as the facilities of the harbor of St. Thomas.

The 1878 St. Croix labor riot, one of the most wide spread unrest of the 1800s on the Danish West Indies, were managed during his time as a governor as well.

Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas, Spanish: Santo Tomás, French: Saint-Thomas) is one of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea, and a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Along with surrounding minor islands, it is one of three county equivalents in the USVI. Together with Saint John, it forms one of the districts of the USVI. The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is located on the island.

Of the three islands, St. Thomas is the second largest, with St. Croix being the largest, and St. John, the smallest. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634, about 48.5% of the total population of the United States Virgin Islands. Crown Mountain is the highest point in Saint Thomas and in the entire United States Virgin Islands. Hence, it is called "Rock City". The island has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km2).
Ruhr Express (pigeon)
Ruhr Express (pigeon NURP.43.29018) was a pigeon who received the Dickin Medal in May 1945 from the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals for bravery in service during the Second World War.

Bred and trained at RAF Detling, Ruhr Express was selected from amongst the RAF pigeons to accompany US paratroopers in a reconnaissance mission behind enemy lines into the Ruhr Valley in April 1945. The mission collected detailed information on enemy troops and defensive positions before dispatching Ruhr Express to return with the intelligence report.

RAF Detling
Royal Air Force Detling, or more simply RAF Detling, is a former Royal Air Force station situated 600 feet (180 m) above sea level, located near Detling, a village about 4 miles (6.4 km) miles north-east of Maidstone, Kent.

It was a station of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in the First World War and the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the Second World War. The airfield suffered several raids by the Luftwaffe, especially during the period of the Battle of Britain.
Oak Grove School (Grant County, Arkansas)
The Oak Grove School is a historic school building in rural eastern Grant County, Arkansas.  It is located on the south side of United States Route 270, about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Sheridan, and is now home to the Center Grove United Methodist Church.  It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and novelty siding.  It was built in 1938 with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and originally housed four classrooms.  It was used as a school until 1950, and has served as the church since then.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Sheridan, Arkansas
Sheridan, officially the City of Sheridan, is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located deep in the forests of the Arkansas Timberlands. It sits at the intersection of U.S. highways 167 and 270.

Early settlers were drawn to the area by the native timber, which is still a very important part of Sheridan's economy, although the city has diversified into several other industries. The city's history also includes a college, Missionary Baptist College, until its closure in 1934, and a series of conflicts during the Civil Rights Movement.

Located at the southern end of the Central Arkansas region, Sheridan has been experiencing a population boom in recent years, as indicated by a 49% growth in population between the 1990 and 2010 censuses. As of the 2020 census, Sheridan had a population of 4,920.
StatPlus
StatPlus is a software product developed by AnalystSoft for basic univariate and multivariate statistical analysis (MANOVA, GLM, Latin squares), as well as time series analysis, nonparametric statistics, survival analysis and statistical charts including control charts.
It was originally developed for use in biomedical sciences and known as BioStat. It is nowadays mostly used in biomedicine and natural sciences.

The software has a version for the Mac OS X known as StatPlus:mac.
This version may also be used as an add-on (software)  to Microsoft Excel, similar to Microsoft's Analysis Toolpak on Windows.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
30 Euston Square
30 Euston Square is a building located at the corner of Euston Road and Melton Street, London NW1.  Originally built as the headquarters of an assurance company, it has since been converted to form the headquarters of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP).  Its architectural style is Greek Revival.  The first phase, built in 1906–08, was designed by Arthur Beresford Pite, and the 1932 extension is by W. H. Gunton.

Bassae
Bassae (Latin: Bassae, Ancient Greek: Βάσσαι – Bassai, meaning "little vale in the rocks") is an archaeological site in Oichalia, a municipality in the northeastern part of Messenia, Greece. In classical antiquity, it was part of Arcadia. Bassae lies near the village of Skliros, northeast of Figaleia, south of Andritsaina and west of Megalopolis. It is famous for the well-preserved mid- to late-5th century BC Temple of Apollo Epicurius.

Although this temple is geographically remote from major polities of ancient Greece, it is one of the most studied ancient Greek temples because of its multitude of unusual features. Bassae was the first Greek site to be inscribed on the World Heritage List, in 1986.
The Family (1987 film)
The Family (Italian: La famiglia) is a 1987 Italian drama film directed by Ettore Scola and starring Vittorio Gassman, Fanny Ardant, Philippe Noiret, and Stefania Sandrelli. It was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards.

The movie chronicles the intricate lives and relationships of Carlo and his family over decades, navigating through love, jealousy, political upheavals, and personal growth against the backdrop of historical events like World War I and II.

1987 Cannes Film Festival
The 40th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 19 May 1987. French-Italian actor Yves Montand served as jury president for the main competition.

French filmmaker Maurice Pialat won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Under the Sun of Satan, a choice which critics considered "highly controversial" and the prize was given under the jeers of the public. Pialat is quoted to have retorted "You don't like me? Well, let me tell you that I don't like you either!"

The festival opened with A Man in Love by Diane Kurys, and closed with Aria by Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, Bill Bryden, Jean-Luc Godard, Derek Jarman, Franc Roddam, Nicolas Roeg, Ken Russell, Charles Sturridge and Julien Temple.
US Grosseto 1912
Unione Sportiva Grosseto 1912 is an Italian association football club, based in the city of Grosseto, Tuscany. The club was founded in 1912 as Unione Ginnico Sportiva Grossetana. The team's most associated nickname is grifone, after its logo, depicting a griffon. Its colours are red and white, and it currently plays in Serie D, the fourth level of Italian football.

The club's most recent success consists of 6 consecutive participations in Serie B between 2007 and 2013, notably reaching the play-off semifinals in 2008-09. It was most recently refounded in 2017.

Eccellenza
The Eccellenza ([ettʃelˈlentsa], "excellence") is the fifth level (since 2014–15) of Italian football. It is a regional league, composed of 28 divisions divided geographically. All 20 regions are represented by at least one division except for Piedmont and Aosta Valley which share 2 divisions. Veneto, Tuscany, Sicily, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio and Campania also have 2 divisions each, while the region of Lombardy has 3 divisions.
Jim Morton (politician)
James Ernest Morton is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2009 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Kings North, as a member of the New Democratic Party, until his defeat in the 2013 election. During his term he served as an NDP backbencher, never being appointed to the cabinet led by Premier Darrell Dexter.

Born in Kentville, Nova Scotia in 1951, Morton grew up on a family farm in Somerset. He was educated at Acadia University and Dalhousie University, becoming a social worker. At the time of his election to the legislature, he was the manager of the addiction services program at Annapolis Valley Health in Kentville. In March 2016, Morton was named chief of staff for NDP leader Gary Burrill.

Somerset, Kings County, Nova Scotia
Somerset is a rural community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Kings County.

Boardman Robinson (1876–1952) a well-known Canadian-American artist, illustrator and cartoonist of the early 20th century, was born in Somerset.

Pleasant Valley Cemetery in Somerset is the final resting place of Alfred C. Fuller, founder of the Fuller Brush Company.
Ramshope
Ramshope is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Rochester in Northumberland, England located in Northumberland National Park. It lies on the A68 road, between Byrness and Carter Bar on the Scottish border. In 1881 the parish had a population of 13.

There are very few houses in Ramshope today, including a farm and Ramshope Lodge, both located on the A68 road. The name can also be found in Ramshope Burn, a tributary of the Catcleugh Reservoir and the River Rede.

River Rede
The Rede is a river in Northumberland, England. The river rises on Carter Fell on the Anglo-Scottish border feeding Catcleugh Reservoir and joins the River North Tyne below the village of Redesmouth. The Rede is one of only two rivers in the North East of England that has the freshwater pearl mussel in its waters.
West Nishnabotna River
The West Nishnabotna River is a stream in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is a tributary of Nishnabotna River and is  channelized for much of its course. The river is 121.3 miles long and is considered a major water source by the Iowa  DNR. The West Nishnabotna is the larger of the two main tributaries of the Nishnabotna River having a 1,582 square miles (4,100 km2) drainage basin.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
A Girl Like Her (2015 film)
A Girl Like Her is an American pseudo-documentary drama film directed by Amy S. Weber. The film stars Lexi Ainsworth as Jessica Burns, a 16-year-old bullied high school girl who attempts suicide, and Hunter King as Avery Keller, a former friend who has been relentlessly bullying Jessica for months. The film was originally titled The Bully Chronicles but the title was later changed.

Jimmy Bennett
James Michael Bennett (born February 9, 1996) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as a child actor in Daddy Day Care, Hostage, The Amityville Horror, Poseidon, Evan Almighty, Orphan, Shorts, and as young James T. Kirk in the 2009 film Star Trek. He also starred on the ABC series No Ordinary Family as JJ Powell, a teenager gifted with vast intelligence after a plane crash.
Jan Tarło (1684–1750)
Jan Tarło (1684–1750) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic)

Jan became Colonel of the Crown Army and Podstoli of Crown in 1715, Lieutenant-General of the Crown Army in 1717, voivode of Lublin Voivodeship in 1719, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship in 1736. Marshal of the Crown Tribunal and member of the Sejm. He was starost of Medyka, Sokal, Jasło and Grabowiec. Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1736. He was the first husband of the much younger, Zofia Krasińska. In his will, he left her the town of Opole.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Mynydd Llwyn-gwern
Mynydd Llwyn-gwern or Mynydd Llwyngwern is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales. It lies above the Afon Dulas to the west and the Nant Ffrydlan to the east. The summit is noted for a series of low pillow mounds.

The Llwyngwern slate quarry on the west flank of the mountain operated from the 1820s until about 1950. In 1972, the quarry became the site for an experiment in green living. This has now developed into the Centre for Alternative Technology which occupies much of the quarry site. The centre built a wind turbine on the summit of Mynydd Llwyn-gwern.

It is one of the Dyfi hills.

Warren (burrow)
A warren is a network of interconnected burrows, dug by rabbits.  Domestic warrens are artificial, enclosed establishments of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur. The term evolved from the medieval Anglo-Norman concept of free warren, which had been, essentially, the equivalent of a hunting license for a given woodland.
Hubert Hughes
Hubert Benjamin Hughes (15 October 1933 – 7 May 2021) was an Anguillan politician. He was the island territory's Chief Minister from 16 March 1994 to 6 March 2000, and again between February 2010 and April 2015.

Hughes was the only independent elected to parliament in the 1976 Anguillian general election, while the other seats were won by the People's Progressive Party (PPP). He later supported a motion of no confidence against Ronald Webster, which succeeded as he was joined by several members of the PPP.

He had stated his intention to lead the island to separation from the United Kingdom. This is despite the fact that European Union assistance funds, and visa-free entry to the US, Canada, EU and islands in the French and Dutch Caribbean such as Saint Martin would stop.

Dutch Caribbean
The Dutch Caribbean (historically known as the Dutch West Indies) are the New World territories, colonies, and countries (former and current) of the Dutch colonial empire and the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea, mainly the northern and southwestern regions of the Lesser Antilles archipelago.

The Dutch Caribbean comprises the constituent countries of Curaçao, Aruba and Sint Maarten (the 'CAS' islands) and the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BES islands). The term "Dutch Caribbean" is sometimes also used for the Caribbean Netherlands, an entity consisting of the three special municipalities forming part of the constituent country of the Netherlands since 2010. The population of the Dutch Caribbean is 337,617 as of January 2019.
Soar, Powys
Soar is a small village in Powys, Wales, 37 miles (60 km) North West of Cardiff. It  sits at the foot of Mynydd Epynt, and is near Brecon in the historic county of Brecknockshire. The nearby settlement of Ffinnant - divided into the hamlets of Upper Ffinnant (Ffinnant Uchaf Soar) and Lower Ffinnant (Ffinnant Isaf Soar) - may have been the site of the Battle of Ffinnant at which Ithel ap Hywel (king of Gwent) was killed.

The village contains a baptist chapel built in 1827 and rebuilt in 1874.

Soar used to have two tailors, a midwife, a shoemaker, a blacksmith and a preacher but never had a pub.

Brecon
Brecon (/ˈbrɛkən/; Welsh: Aberhonddu; pronounced [ˌabɛrˈhɔnði]), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market town in Powys, mid Wales. In 1841, it had a population of 5,701. The population in 2001 was 7,901, increasing to 8,250 at the 2011 census. Historically it was the county town of Brecknockshire (Breconshire); although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of the County of Powys, it remains an important local centre. Brecon is the third-largest town in Powys, after Newtown and Ystradgynlais. It lies north of the Brecon Beacons mountain range, but is just within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Incurvaria masculella
Incurvaria masculella, the feathered leaf-cutter, is a moth of the family Incurvariidae. It is widespread in Europe.

The wingspan is 12–16 mm. Head pale ochreous, ferruginous-tinged. Forewings rather dark purplish bronzy-fuscous; a whitish triangular dorsal spot before middle, and a smaller one before tornus. Hindwings rather dark grey.

In Belgium, the moth flies from April to May; in May in the British Isles.

The larvae feed on Crataegus and various deciduous trees and bushes, including roses, Malus domestica, Prunus mahaleb, oak, sweet chestnut, Corylus avellana, Tilia, Carpinus betulus, and Vaccinium.

Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams found in Europe.
Manuel Abreu
Manuel Ferreira Abreu Freitas (8 January 1959 – 10 May 2022) was a Portuguese football coach and player. He played as a defender for Red Star, Poissy, Reims, Paris Saint-Germain, Nancy, Sporting Braga, Quimper, Charleville and US Lusitanos Saint-Maur.

He coached several French teams, including Sénart-Moissy, Reims and Calais.

He holds both French and Portuguese nationalities.

US Lusitanos Saint-Maur
Union Sportive Lusitanos Saint-Maur or US Lusitanos Saint-Maur is a French football club based in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne, the southeastern suburbs of Paris.

The club was founded in 1966 by Portuguese immigrants who worked in a factory in the town. They play their games at the Stade Adolphe-Chéron. They have twice reached the Championnat National, the third level of French football, and in 2002 they reached the round of 16 in the Coupe de France.

As of the 2025–26 season, the club plays in Championnat National 2, the fourth level of French football.
Skärte
Skärte is a nature reserve in Varberg Municipality, Sweden. It has an area of 18.2 hectares. The reserve was established in 2006. The land is privately owned but managed by Halland County Council.

Skärte consists of two hills, covered with oak forest. Between the hills there is a ravine. In the ravine runs a stream, Stenån, which also passes through the nearby Gässlösa. In the ravine there are various vascular plants, such as Remote sedge, Marsh Hawksbeard, Ostrich fern, Wood Stitchwort, Whorled Solomon's-seal, and Kidneywort. The old oak trees in the reserve are covered with lichens.

Old maps show that Skärte was not covered with forest in the 17th century, but was probably pasture. However, there were large areas of contiguous woodland just a few miles away. In the 19th century, Skärte began to be covered with forest, and in the early 20th century the area was almost entirely wooded, with the exception of two small fields.

Varberg Municipality
Varberg Municipality (Swedish: Varbergs kommun) is a municipality in Halland County, in southwest Sweden. Its seat is in Varberg.

It was formed in 1971 through the amalgamation of the City of Varberg and the surrounding rural municipalities. There are 25 original local government entities included in the municipality.

5,000 people are commuting out from the municipality, mainly to Gothenburg and Falkenberg. 3,200 people are commuting into Falkenberg.
Semipredicate problem
In computer programming, a semipredicate problem occurs when a subroutine intended to return a useful value can fail, but the signalling of failure uses an otherwise valid return value. The problem is that the caller of the subroutine cannot tell what the result means in this case.

Return statement
In computer programming, a return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in the code immediately after the instruction which called the subroutine, known as its return address. The return address is saved by the calling routine, today usually on the process's call stack or in a register. Return statements in many programming languages allow a function to specify a return value to be passed back to the code that called the function.