hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacoba van Tongeren
Jacoba van Tongeren (14 October 1903, in Tjimahi near Bandung, Dutch East Indies – 15 September 1967, in Bergen, Netherlands) was a resistance fighter, the founder and leader of Group 2000, a resistance group during the Second World War. Jacoba van Tongeren is the only woman to have created and led a resistance group during the war. In 1990, Yad Vashem honoured Jacoba van Tongeren as Righteous Among the Nations.

Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations (Hebrew: חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם ḥasidei ummot ha'olam) is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe all of the non-Jews who, out of altruism, risked their lives in order to save Jews from being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. The term originates from the concept of ger toshav, a legal term used to refer to non-Jewish observers of the Seven Laws of Noah.

Recent research has complicated dominant historical narratives about rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. The vast majority of rescue was enabled by the exchange of money, goods, or services, while many survivors concealed complicating facts in applications of Yad Vashem.
Soccer Mommy
Sophia Regina Allison (born May 27, 1997), better known by her stage name Soccer Mommy, is an American singer-songwriter from Nashville, Tennessee. She has four studio albums to her name; her latest album, Evergreen, was released on October 25, 2024.

Hook (music)
A hook is a musical idea, often a short riff, passage, or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener." The term generally applies to popular music, especially rock, urban, dance, and pop. In these genres, the hook is often found in, or consists of, the chorus. A hook can be either melodic or rhythmic, and often incorporates the main motif for a piece of music.
Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union
The Oromia Coffee Farmers’ Cooperative Union (OCFCU) is a smallholder farmer-owned cooperative union based in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. The aforementioned region is characterized by its unique native vegetation and tropical climate conducive to coffee bean growth. OCFCU is a democratic, member-owned business operating under the principles of the International Cooperative Alliance and Fair trade, and the Union plays a central role in the Ethiopian coffee marketing chain. The members of OCFCU grow, process, and supply organic Arabica coffee for export.

Cooperative federation
A cooperative federation or secondary cooperative is a cooperative in which all members are, in turn, cooperatives.
Historically, cooperative federations have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperatives can fulfill the sixth Cooperative Principle, cooperation among cooperatives. The International Cooperative Alliance notes that “Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”
Royal Swedish Aero Club
Royal Swedish Aero Club (Swedish: Kungliga Svenska Aeroklubben, KSAK, previously Svenska Aeronautiska Sällskapet, SAS), established in 1900, is today the national organization for Sweden's over 150 flying clubs and has been authorized by the Swedish Transport Agency administer ultralight aviation in Sweden. The Royal Swedish Aero Club has a wholly owned service company, located at Bromma Airport, which sells aeronautical maps and other aviation accessories.

Swedish Transport Agency
The Swedish Transport Agency (Swedish: Transportstyrelsen) is a Swedish government agency which is responsible for the regulation of rail, air, sea and road transport and its enforcement. It was formed on 1 January 2009, through a merger of several government agencies, including the Civil Aviation Administration, under the Ministry of Infrastructure.

It has its headquarters in Norrköping, Sweden.
Color of Your Life
"Color of Your Life" is a song performed by Polish singer Michał Szpak. The song was released as a digital download on 11 March 2016 through Sony Music Entertainment Poland as the fourth single from his debut studio album Byle być sobą (2015). The song was chosen by public broadcaster TVP to represent Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016, and reached the 8th position in the final.

The single peaked at number 34 on the Polish Airplay Chart.

Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest
Poland has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times since its debut in 1994. The Polish participating broadcaster in the contest is Telewizja Polska (TVP).

Poland's debut in the contest in 1994 remains its most successful entry, with "To nie ja!" by Edyta Górniak finishing second. This remains Poland's only top five result in the contest. The country reached the top ten for the second time with Ich Troje finishing seventh in 2003. Poland then failed to qualify from the semi-finals in six out of seven years between 2005 and 2011, before withdrawing from the contest in 2012. Since returning in 2014, Poland had qualified for the final for four consecutive years (2014–2017), achieving a third top ten finish in 2016, with Michał Szpak finishing eighth. The country failed to qualify three contests in a row (2018, 2019, and 2021), a streak that ended with Ochman finishing 12th in 2022.
Koukdjuak River
The Koukdjuak River begins at the outlet of Nettilling Lake and empties into the Arctic Ocean. It is the namesake of the Great Plain of the Koukdjuak located in the Foxe Basin on western Baffin Island, Nunavut (formerly Northwest Territories), northern Canada.

The first non-Inuit who specifically explored the river was the Canadian Arctic explorer/ornithologist, J. Dewey Soper. The northern boundary of the Isulijarniq Migratory Bird Sanctuary is the middle thread of the Koukdjuak River. The river is also notable as a Barren-ground caribou migration crossing and for Arctic charr fishing.

Foxe Basin
Foxe Basin is a shallow oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada, located between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula. For most of the year, it is blocked by sea ice (fast ice) and drift ice made up of multiple ice floes.

The nutrient-rich cold waters found in the basin are especially favourable to phytoplankton and the numerous islands within it are important bird habitats, including Sabine's gulls and many types of shorebirds. Bowhead whales migrate to the northern part of the basin each summer.

The basin takes its name from the English explorer Luke Foxe who entered the lower part in 1631.
Swash Channel Wreck
The Swash Channel Wreck is the remains of an early 17th-century armed merchantman possibly of Dutch origin wrecked outside of Poole Harbour.  The vessel was approximately 40 m long and has been predicted to be around 600 tonnes.  The ship was probably involved with the beginning of internationalization.

The archaeological evidence, including the small number of guns, the position of the galley, wooden sheathing, ornate carvings and that only one row of knees is present on the wreck, suggest that the vessel was a high-status merchantman bound for the tropics. Dendrochronology dates the ship's timbers to 1628 from the Dutch/German Border.
Approximately 40% of the port side of the wreck remains from above the keel line to the stern and bow castles.

Internationalization
Internationalization or Internationalisation is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets, although there is no agreed definition of internationalization. Internationalization is a crucial strategy not only for companies that seek horizontal integration globally but also for countries that addresses the sustainability of its development in different manufacturing as well as service sectors especially in higher education which is a very important context that needs internationalization to bridge the gap between different cultures and countries. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities.
Moore Park Nature Reserve
Moore Park Nature Reserve is a small remnant of "dry" rainforest in Northern New South Wales. It lies at the confluence of Findon Creek and the Richmond River. It was once part of a larger rainforest known as Boyd's Scrub. A colony of flying foxes lives in the rainforest.

The forest is dominated by a large Moreton Bay fig. Other canopy species include the black bean, silky oak, plum pine and native elm.

This country traditionally belongs to the Githabul Aboriginal people, for whom the rainforest was a very important source of food.

Podocarpus elatus
Podocarpus elatus, known as the plum pine, the brown pine, the Illawarra plum or the Queensland Christmas tree, is a species of Podocarpus endemic to the east coast of Australia, in eastern New South Wales and eastern Queensland.

It is a medium to large evergreen tree growing to 30–36 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are lanceolate, 5–15 cm long (to 25 cm long on vigorous young trees) and 6–18 mm broad. The seed cones are dark blue-purple, berry-like, with a fleshy base 2-2.5 cm diameter bearing a single oval or globose seed 1 cm in diameter.
1971 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1971 La Flèche Wallonne was the 35th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 22 April 1971. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck of the Flandria team.

Flandria (cycling team)
Flandria was a Belgian professional cycling team that existed from 1957 to 1979. It was sponsored by Flandria a bicycle manufacturer located in West Flanders that also manufactures mopeds, lawnmowers, and motorbikes.
Paula Shaw
Paula Shaw (July 17, 1941 – September 10, 2025) was an American actress. A life member of the Actors Studio, Shaw portrayed characters in numerous films and on television (including a role as prostitute on Barney Miller, season three, "Quarantine", and season four,  "Bugs"). She is most well known for her role as Pamela Voorhees in Freddy vs. Jason.

Shaw died in her sleep after a long illness in Vancouver, Canada, on September 10, 2025, at the age of 84.

Barney Miller
Barney Miller is an American sitcom television series set in a New York City Police Department police station on East 6th Street in Greenwich Village (Lower Manhattan). The series was broadcast on ABC from January 23, 1975, to May 20, 1982. It was created by Danny Arnold and Theodore J. Flicker. Former character actor Noam Pitlik directed 102 of the 170 episodes. It spawned a spin-off series, Fish, that ran from February 5, 1977, to May 18, 1978, focusing on the character Philip K. Fish.
Tremella tremelloides
Tremella tremelloides is a species of fungus in the order Tremellales. It produces yellowish, brain-like to densely lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on Stereum basidiocarps on dead branches of broadleaved trees. It was originally described from the USA.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Geunuhoe
Geunuhoe (Korean: 근우회; Hanja: 槿友會; Society of the Friends of the Rose of Sharon) was a Korean women's organization founded in June 1927 to promote women's status and the national independence struggle in Korea. Though the founders were mainly Protestants and members of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) and Temperance Union, the organization became dominated by socialists. It was dissolved by the Governor-General of Korea in 1931.

YWCA
The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries.

The World office is currently based in Le Grand-Saconnex, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local and national YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each (e.g. Sweden did so in 1966).
Ircle
Ircle (formerly rendered as "IRCle") was an IRC client developed by Onno Tijdgat for the Macintosh computer platform. Ircle was shareware, with free upgrades. The client was scriptable with AppleScript, supported multiple channels and servers, and up to ten simultaneous connections. It was discontinued in 2009. Since 2012, Ircle was not compatible with most recent versions of OS X, and no updates were available. In December 2017 the Ircle home page displayed a poll, to end Q2 2018, to determine whether a new version should be released on OS X and iOS. The results of the poll were 311 votes in favor of a new Mac OS version, 43 votes for an iOS version, and 117 votes for both a Mac OS and iOS version, out of 528 votes cast.

Upgrade
An upgrade is the result of improving something by replacing part of it or adding additional parts. For example, one can upgrade a computer by replacing the CPU with a faster one and by adding more RAM, and afterwards, the computer is an upgrade. Although often used in the context of technology, anything can be upgraded (improved).

Often an update is an upgrade but not always. Update only implies newer (more up-to-date). An update could degrade, or changing to an older version could be an upgrade.
Journal of Clinical Pathology
The Journal of Clinical Pathology (JCP)  is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of pathology, published by the BMJ Group and co-owned by the Association of Clinical Pathologists. Diagnostic and research areas covered include histopathology, virology, haematology, microbiology, cytopathology, chemical pathology, molecular pathology, forensic pathology, dermatopathology, neuropathology, and immunopathology. Each issue contains reviews, original articles, short reports, case reports, correspondence, and book reviews.

In 2005 the Journal of Clinical Pathology incorporated Molecular Pathology, which was published from 1995 to 2004.

Histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία -logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. In contrast, cytopathology examines free cells or tissue micro-fragments (as "cell blocks").
Anna Smolina
Anna Arkadyevna Smolina (Russian: Анна Аркадьевна Смолина; born 1 September 1994) is a Russian former tennis player.

In her career, Smolina won four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 29 October 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 466.

Smolina made her WTA Tour debut at the 2012 Baku Cup, partnering Caroline Garcia in doubles; they lost in the quarterfinals to top seeds Nina Bratchikova and Alexandra Panova.

2012 Baku Cup
The 2012 Baku Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. This was the second edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan between 23 and 29 July 2012.
CityLink Gold (BaltimoreLink)
CityLink Gold (abbreviated GD) is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore. It replaced Route 13 in 2017. The line currently runs from Walbrook Junction in West Baltimore (the intersection of North Avenue, Hilton Street, and Bloomingdale Road) to Canton, mostly along North Avenue. The line has two main branches, both operating to Canton: one that operates via Fells Point (these buses are marked Fells Point) and the other via Linwood and East Streets (these buses are marked Canton). Both these branches serve Johns Hopkins Hospital. Additionally, selected trips on weekdays and Saturdays operate to the block of Milton Avenue, Federal Street, and Patterson Park Avenue.

In 1999, Route 13 has the highest farebox recovery rate of all MTA bus lines, recovering nearly its entire cost.

The current bus route is the successor to the 13 North Avenue and 22 Washington Street–Canton streetcar lines.

Canton, Baltimore
Canton is a historic waterfront neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The neighborhood is along Baltimore's outer harbor in the southeastern section of the city, roughly 2 miles (3 km) east of Baltimore's downtown district and next to or near the neighborhoods of Patterson Park, Fell's Point, Highlandtown, and Brewers Hill.

Canton is considered one of Baltimore's trendiest and vibrant neighborhoods, known for its family-friendly community, urban lifestyle and hot spot for the social scene. The inclusive neighborhood continues to see rapid growth as more development opportunities come into the area. Since the late 1990s, the neighborhood has undergone significant gentrification and has been ranked the 16th most-gentrified zip code in the nation from 2000 to 2016.
Abedus immaculatus
Abedus immaculatus is a species of water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is the only Abedus species found in the eastern United States, occurring throughout Florida north into Georgia and west along the Gulf Coast to Mississippi.

Adults reach lengths of 13–14 mm, making them the smallest species in the genus Abedus, the smallest belostomatid in the United States, and the only species in the subgenus Microabedus. It is locally common in parts of the Everglades, where it is associated with shorter hydroperiod sites.

Abedus immaculatus was originally described by Thomas Say in 1832 as Belostoma fluminea var. immaculata, redescribed as A. cantralli in 1950, with the two names synonymized to A. immaculatus in 1950.

Thomas Say
Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Georgia, the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, and elsewhere made him an internationally known naturalist. Say has been called the father of American descriptive entomology and American conchology. He served as librarian for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, curator at the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1817), and professor of natural history at the University of Pennsylvania.
Patricia Rex
Tuagatagaloa Patricia Rex, Lady Rex QSO (née Vatolo; 1918 – 21 January 2004) was a Niuean politician. The wife of Niue's first Premier Robert Rex, she was jointly one of the first women elected to the Niue Assembly. She also designed the flag of Niue.

Niue Assembly
The Niue Assembly or Niue Parliament (Niuean: Niue Fono Ekepule) is the legislature of Niue. It consists of 20 members; 14 representatives of the villages and 6 elected on a common island-wide roll. Members are directly elected by universal suffrage, and serve a three-year term. Niue follows the Westminster system of government, with the Premier elected by the Assembly and the Cabinet drawn from it.
Alvin Loftes
Alvin Hjalmar "Al" Loftes (January 1, 1890 – July 1971) was an American road racing cyclist who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the team that won the bronze medal in the Team road race. He finished eleventh in the individual road race.

Cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team time trial was a road bicycle racing event held as part of the cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event. The competition was held on Sunday July 7, 1912.

Each nation that sent at least four cyclists to the individual time trial was also considered to have competed as a team. The times of the top four cyclists for each nation were summed to give a total team time, with the best total times winning. Great Britain had three teams, as the English, Irish, and Scottish cyclists were considered separate.

Belgium, Canada, and South Africa did not send enough cyclists to make a team.

Three teams did not have enough cyclists finish to earn a valid team score. Only three of Bohemia's five cyclists finished, as did three of Norway's six. Only one of Russia's ten cyclists finished.
Patricia Vizitiu
Patricia Maria Vizitiu (born 15 October 1988) is a Romanian female handballer for ASC Corona 2010 Brașov (women's handball) and the Romanian national team.

Her father Dumitru Vizitiu was a footballer in the 1980s. Her older brother Dacian is also a footballer.

Romania women's national handball team
The Romanian women's national team represents Romania in senior women's international handball and is controlled by the Romanian Handball Federation, the governing body for handball in Romania. It competes in the three major international tournaments; the Olympic Games, the IHF World Championship and the EHF European Championship.

Since first entering World Championship, Romania are the only team to have appeared in all 25 tournaments to date.

They were crowned winners in the IHF World Championship three times: 1956, 1960 and 1962, and finished as runners-up in 1973 and 2005 and also finished third in 2015. Since first entering in 1994, Romania have never won the EHF European Championship, with their best performances being a third-place finish in 2010.
Knacker
A knacker (/ˈnækər/), knackerman or knacker man is a person who removes and clears animal carcasses (dead, dying, injured) from private farms or public highways and renders the collected carcasses into by-products such as fats, tallow (yellow grease), glue, gelatin, bone meal, bone char, sal ammoniac, soap, bleach and animal feed. A knacker's yard or a knackery is different from a slaughterhouse or abattoir, where animals are slaughtered for human consumption. Since the Middle Ages, the occupation of "knacker man" was frequently considered a disreputable occupation. Knackers were often also commissioned by the courts as public executioners.

Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.

In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.

In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. This name comes from the chemical suffix "-ate" which signifies a negatively charged ion. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda).  It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.

Dripping is the British term for beef fat that has been rendered; it can be used to make Cornish Pasties.
Vườn Lài
Vườn Lài (Vietnamese: Phường Vườn Lài, lit. 'jasmine garden') is a ward of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of the 168 new wards, communes and special zones of the city following the reorganization in 2025.

Ward (Vietnam)
Ward (Vietnamese: phường) is a type of second tier subdivision of Vietnam. As of 1 July 2025, Vietnam has a total of 687 wards.

According to hierarchy of Vietnamese administrative unit, wards are subordinate to provinces and municipalities as the second tier unit.

Currently, to manage the urban areas and their associating families, each ward is divided into neighborhoods (Vietnamese: khu phố; transl. "quarter"), with each neighborhood the most basic organization of population.