hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liz Rosenberg
Lizbeth Meg Rosenberg (born February 3, 1955) is an American poet, novelist, children's book author and book reviewer. She is currently a professor of English at Binghamton University, and in previous years has taught at Colgate University, Sarah Lawrence College, Hamilton College, Bennington College, and Hollins College. Her children's book reviews appear monthly in The Boston Globe.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
Emotional isolation
Emotional isolation is a state of isolation where one may have an extensive or reliably available social network but still feels emotionally separated from others.

Population-based research indicates that one in five middle-aged and elderly men (50–80 years) in Sweden are emotionally isolated (defined as having no one in whom one can confide). Of those who do have someone in whom they can confide, eight out of ten confide only in their partner. People who have no one in whom they can confide are less likely to feel alert and strong, calm, energetic, and happy. Instead, they are more likely to feel depressed, sad, tired, and worn out.  Many people suffering from this kind of isolation have strong social networks, but lack a significant bond with their friends. While they can build superficial friendships, they are often not able to confide in many people. People who are isolated emotionally usually feel lonely and unable to relate to others.

Middle age
Middle age  (or middle adulthood) is the age range of the years halfway between young adulthood and old age. The exact range is subject to public debate, but the term is commonly used to denote the age range from 45 to 60 years.
1996–97 NOFV-Oberliga
The 1996–97 season of the NOFV-Oberliga was the third season of the league at tier four (IV) of the German football league system.

The NOFV-Oberliga was split into two divisions, NOFV-Oberliga Nord and NOFV-Oberliga Süd. The champions of each, SV Babelsberg 03 and 1. FC Magdeburg, as well as F.C. Hansa Rostock II, were directly promoted to the 1997–98 Regionalliga Nordost.

1. FC Schwedt went into administration soon after the season began and withdrew from the league.

NOFV-Oberliga Nord
The NOFV-Oberliga Nord is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the northern states of the former East Germany and West Berlin. It covers the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and northern Saxony-Anhalt. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.
Mackenzie Pluck
Mackenzie Grace Pluck (born April 12, 2000) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a midfielder. She played college soccer for the Duke Blue Devils, where she set the program record in career appearances. She spent three years playing professionally, first for NWSL clubs Angel City FC and NJ/NY Gotham FC, and later for USL Super League clubs Brooklyn FC and Tampa Bay Sun FC.

NWSL Challenge Cup
The NWSL Challenge Cup is an annual supercup competition organized by the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), a division 1 women's league in the United States soccer league system. The current (2025) cup holder is the Washington Spirit, who defeated the Orlando Pride 1-1 (4-2 on penalties) on March 7, 2025.

The NWSL Challenge Cup was first announced in 2020 as a one-off, league-wide tournament to mark the league's return to action from the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first top-tier professional sports league in the United States to restart after COVID-19 lockdowns began. Subsequently, the NWSL announced that it would return as an annual league cup tournament. Before the 2024 season, the NWSL announced that the Challenge Cup would change from a tournament to a single-game supercup.
Feline corneal sequestrum
Feline corneal sequestrum (also known as feline corneal necrosis) is the development of dark areas of dead tissue in the cornea of domestic cats. This disease is painful to the cat, although it develops slowly over a longer period of time. Cats will usually demonstrate teary eye(s), squinting or closing of the eye(s), and covering of the third eyelid.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Unlock My Boss
Unlock My Boss (Korean: 사장님을 잠금해제) is a South Korean television series starring Chae Jong-hyeop, Seo Eun-soo, and Park Sung-woong. It is based on a webtoon of the same Korean title by writer Park Seong-hyun, which was serialized on Naver. It aired on ENA from December 7, 2022 to January 12, 2023, every Wednesday and Thursday at 21:00 (KST). It is also available for streaming on TVING in South Korea, and on Netflix in selected regions.

TVING
TVING (Korean: 티빙) is a South Korean exclusive subscription video on-demand, over-the-top, streaming television service operated by TVING Corporation, a joint venture comprising CJ Group, Naver and JTBC by its JTBC Studios, now called SLL. TVING distributes television series, specials, variety shows, films, documentaries, animations, and sports.
John Calvin International School
Sekolah Dasar Swasta John Calvin International School was an international school in Pulomas, East Jakarta, Indonesia. It was an English-medium school that opened in 2007, with elementary and secondary education. Prior to its 2008 indefinite closure it had 110 students. A former minister of education, Wardiman Djojonegoro, had shares in the school.

In 2008 the school announced that it was closing indefinitely and that students may instead attend another school operated by the same organization, Saint Peter's School. Multiple parents reacted negatively against the school closure and stated they would not send their children to Saint Peter's.

Parents filed complaints with the police and lawsuits, accusing the school of fraud.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Indonesian: Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, abbreviated Kemendikbudristek) was a government ministry of the Indonesian government responsible for education, cultural, research, and technology affairs. Its formation resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Research and Technology in April 2021. In October 2024, under the Red White Cabinet, the ministry was split into three ministries: Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, and Ministry of Cultural Affairs.
Wild West Alaska
Wild West Alaska is an American reality television series. The series premiered on January 13, 2013, on Animal Planet. The series is filmed in Anchorage, Alaska, where it chronicles the daily activities at the Wild West Guns gun shop.

Gun shop
A gun shop (also known by various other names such as firearm store and gun store) is a retail business that sells firearms and ammunition. It may also have an on-site gunsmith's workshop where firearms can be repaired, modified, or built from scratch. Other items for sale many include safety equipment, hunting tools and accessories, specialty (usually hunting-focused) food and clothing, and gun culture souvenirs and memorabilia.

Often having designs reminiscent of other establishments such as department stores and grocery stores, gun shops operate under widely different gun control laws depending on the specific nation, locality, and jurisdiction involved.
Vegueros de Pinar del Río
Pinar del Río is a baseball team in the Cuban National Series, representing the western province of the same name. Nicknamed the Vegueros (English: Tobacco Growers), the team plays its home games at the Estadio Capitán San Luis, in the city of Pinar del Río.

Founded in 1969 as the Vegueros, the team is historically one of the more successful teams in the Cuban National Series, winning ten championships, most recently in 2014. It also won the 2015 Caribbean Series, becoming the first Cuban team to win a Caribbean Series since Cienfuegos in 1960, and the only one to do so in the National Series (post-1961) era.

Caribbean Series
The Caribbean Series (Spanish: Serie del Caribe) is an annual club tournament contested by professional baseball teams in Latin America. It is organized by the Caribbean Professional Baseball Confederation. The series is normally played in February, after the various winter leagues have ended their national tournaments.

The Dominican Republic has won the most Caribbean Series championships (23), with Tigres del Licey being the most successful team in the tournament's history. The series has been won by 29 teams from seven countries. Only two teams have won the tournament two consecutive years, the most recent being Criollos de Caguas from Puerto Rico in 2017 and 2018.
Zakari Nandja
General Zakari Nandja is a Togolese political figure and military officer, serving in the government of Togo as Minister of State for Water, Sanitation, and Village Hydraulics since May 2009. He was Chief of Staff of the Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armées Togolaises, FAT) prior to his appointment to the government on 17 May 2009; Essofa Ayeva was then appointed to replace him as Chief of Staff.

Nandja's appointment to the government followed the thwarting of an alleged coup plot in April 2009.

Togolese Armed Forces
The Togolese Armed Forces (French: Forces Armées Togolaises, FAT) is the national military of the Republic of Togo which consists of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the National Gendarmerie. The total military expenditure during the fiscal year of 2005 was 1.6% of the country's GDP. Military bases exist in Lomé, Temedja, Kara, Niamtougou, and Dapaong. The current Chief of the General Staff is Brigadier General Dimini Allaharé, who took office on May 28, 2024.
Riddick Bowe vs. Michael Dokes
Riddick Bowe vs. Michael Dokes, billed as The Homecoming, was a professional boxing match contested on February 6, 1993 for the WBA and IBF heavyweight championships. The fight emanated from Madison Square Garden in New York, New York.

The bout was Bowe’s first since he wrested the undisputed world heavyweight championship from Evander Holyfield on November 13, 1992 in Las Vegas. Dokes was competing in his first world championship fight since 1983, when he lost the WBA championship in Richfield, Ohio to Gerrie Coetzee. Dokes was looking to join Floyd Patterson, Muhammad Ali, and Tim Witherspoon among the list of fighters who had lost a piece of the heavyweight championship and went on to win another.

Gerrie Coetzee
Gerhardus Christian Coetzee OIB (8 April 1955 – 12 January 2023) was a South African professional boxer who competed from 1974 to 1986, and in 1993 and 1997. He was the first African in history to ever fight for, and win, a world heavyweight championship, having held the WBA title from 1983 to 1984. He held notable knockout wins against WBA world heavyweight champion Michael Dokes and undisputed world heavyweight champion Leon Spinks, as well as a draw with future WBC world heavyweight champion Pinklon Thomas and wins over top contenders  Ron Stander,  Scott LeDoux and  James Tillis.

One of Coetzee's nicknames, "The Bionic Hand", came about because of persistent troubles with his right hand, which required the insertion of several corrective items during three surgeries. His Afrikaans nickname was "Seer Handjies", or "Sore Little Hands", named so by fellow South African boxing great Kallie Knoetze.

Coetzee died of lung cancer on 12 January 2023, at the age of 67.
Bağçatağı
Bağçatağı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çamlıyayla, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 107 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of Çamlıyayla.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Bihari Lal Fitrat
Bihari Lal Fitrat was an Indian historian who focused on the history of Mithila. His major work was the Aina-i-Tirhut which was written in Urdu and published in 1883. The book was considered the first serious attempt at cataloguing the history of Mithila.

Bihari Lal Fitrat was born in 1829 into an elite family in Darbhanga. He qualified as a lawyer in 1856 and was made an honorary magistrate in 1877. He later worked in the court of Raj Darbhanga. He was versed in Maithili, Hindi, Urdu, Persian and Arabic.

Raj Darbhanga
The Darbhanga Raj, also known as Raj Darbhanga and the Khandwala dynasty, was a  chieftaincy located within the Mughal province of Bihar which controlled territories, not all contiguous, that were part of the Mithila region now divided between India and Nepal. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins and their seat in the town of Darbhanga became the core of the Mithila region as the rulers were patrons of Maithil culture and the Maithili language.

At its peak, the dynasty encompassed over 4000 square miles (10,360 km2) and is described as the "largest and richest of the North Bihar zamindaris and one of the greatest zamindaris of British India". Despite not being recognised as a princely state by the British Raj, Darbhanga was larger and held more magisterial powers than many princely states, particularly those in Western India.
Runkle
Runkle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Piatt Runkle, (1836–1916), founder of Sigma Chi fraternity, colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War

Bertha Runkle (1879–1958), American novelist and playwright; daughter of Lucia

John Daniel Runkle (1822–1902), US educator and mathematician

Lucia Runkle (1844–1922), American editorial writer; mother to Bertha

Nathan Runkle (born 1984), American animal rights advocate

Theadora Van Runkle (1929–2011), American costume designer

Lucia Runkle
Lucia Isabella Runkle (née Gilbert; August 20, 1844 – 1922), was an editorial writer and contributor to the New York Tribune and Harper's. She was one of the first women editorialists at a major American newspaper.
François Buloz
François Buloz  (20 September 1803 – 12 January 1877) was a French littérateur, magazine editor, and theater administrator.

He was born in Vulbens, Haute-Savoie, near Geneva, and died in Paris.

Originally employed as a chemist, and then as a printer and proofreader, he became the editor of the Revue des deux Mondes in 1831.  Making an audacious change in its direction, Buloz took the magazine to the pinnacle of French publishing by bringing in some of France's most celebrated literary talent: Sainte-Beuve, Victor Hugo, Alfred de Vigny, Alfred de Musset, George Sand, Balzac, Dumas père and eventually Octave Feuillet, Hippolyte Taine and Ernest Renan.

From 17 October 1838 to 2 March 1848, Buloz was chief administrator of the Comédie-Française.

Hippolyte Taine
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (21 April 1828 – 5 March 1893) was a French historian, critic and philosopher. He was the chief theoretical influence on French naturalism, a major proponent of sociological positivism and one of the first practitioners of historicist criticism. Literary historicism as a critical movement has been said to originate with him. Taine is also remembered for his attempts to provide a scientific account of literature.

Taine had a profound effect on French literature; Maurice Baring wrote in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica that "the tone which pervades the works of Zola, Bourget and Maupassant can be immediately attributed to the influence we call Taine's." Out of the trauma of 1871, Taine has been said by one scholar to have "forged the architectural structure of modern French right-wing historiography."
Jon Brant
Jonathan Edward "Jon" Brant (born February 20, 1955, in Chicago) is an American musician and business owner, best known as the bass player for the band Cheap Trick from 1982 to 1987. Brant was a founding member of the Chicago band D'Thumbs with Tommy Aldridge and Pete Comita and has also played with Chris Spedding, Robert Gordon, Lou Reed, Diana Ross, Lesley Gore, Jason & the Scorchers, Micki Free, and others. Brant has appeared on over 30 albums as composer and bassist.

Lesley Gore
Lesley Gore (born Lesley Sue Goldstein, May 2, 1946 – February 16, 2015) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. At the age of 16, she recorded her first hit song "It's My Party", a U.S. number one in 1963. She followed it up with ten further U.S. Billboard top 40 hits including "Judy's Turn to Cry" and "You Don't Own Me". Gore said she considered "You Don't Own Me" her signature song.

Gore later worked as an actress and television personality. She composed songs with her brother Michael Gore for the 1980 film Fame, which received an Academy Award Best Song nomination for "Out Here On My Own". She hosted several editions of the LGBT-oriented public television show In the Life on American TV in the 2000s.
1989 European Club Challenge
The 1989 European Club Challenge, also promoted as The Champions Cup, was an international rugby league contest pitting RFL champions Widnes RLFC against French representatives AS Saint-Estève. Played on 27 May 1989 in Arles, France, after several delays, the game also served as a European qualifier for the 1989 World Club Challenge.

Mike O'Neill (rugby league)
Michael O'Neill (born 29 November 1960) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Lancashire, and at club level for Widnes (two spells), Rochdale Hornets and Leeds, as a prop.
İnönü Military Quarter and War Museum
İnönü Military Quarter and War Museum (Turkish: İnönü Karargah Binası ve Savaş Müzesi) is a military and war museum in Turkey.

It is situated in İnönü ilçe (district) of Eskişehir Province at 39°48′53″N 30°08′38″E﻿ / ﻿39.81472°N 30.14389°E﻿ / 39.81472; 30.14389. İnönü ilçe is  31 kilometres (19 mi) west of Eskişehir.

Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir Province (Turkish: Eskişehir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in northwestern Turkey. Its area is 13,960 km2, and its population is 906,617 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Bilecik to the northwest, Kütahya to the west, Afyon to the southwest, Konya to the south, Ankara to the east, and Bolu to the north. The provincial capital is Eskişehir. Most of the province is laid down in Central Anatolia Region. Northern parts of Mihalıççık district and ones of Mihalgazi and Sarıcakaya are located in the Black Sea Region and one of them belong to the Aegean Region.

Eskişehir is an old and culturally developed province of Turkey. Eskişehir has 3 universities, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir Technical University and Anadolu University, which is the largest university in Turkey and which has some branch offices in Europe.
Backscatter
In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light.

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
Thami Mbongo
Thami Mbongo (born 29 January 1979) is a South African actor, theatre director, educator, drama facilitator and poet. He is best known for his role as Moses Gumede in the e.tv soccer drama series Shooting Stars and for his extensive work in community theatre.

Karoo Moose
Karoo Moose is a play by the South African playwright Lara Foot Newton. Set in a remote village in the Karoo, the play depicts the trials and tribulations of a young girl called Thozama. In the play, the main character Thozama ends up killing a moose that is inexplicably in the middle of the Karoo, and it shows all the events that follow. This play combines elements of magical realism and African story telling to tell the story of the inevitable breach of innocence that so many children in South Africa suffer. The themes of the play are present to show that in order for such a pattern of violence and the breach of innocence to end, something completely out of the ordinary/external must take place.

The play won multiple awards in its native South Africa. In 2009, the play transferred to the Tricycle Theatre in London, where it formed the first half of a mini South African season. The play received positive reviews from the London theatre critics.