hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of wound care
The history of wound care spans from prehistory to modern medicine. Wounds naturally heal by themselves, but hunter-gatherers would have noticed several factors and certain herbal remedies would speed up or assist the process, especially if it was grievous. In ancient history, this was followed by the realisation of the necessity of hygiene and the halting of bleeding, where wound dressing techniques and surgery developed. Eventually the germ theory of disease also assisted in improving wound care.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
A Good Little Devil
A Good Little Devil is a 1914 American silent film starring Mary Pickford, produced by Adolph Zukor and Daniel Frohman, and distributed on a 'State's Rights' basis. It was Pickford's first feature-length film.

Pickford, along with friend Lillian Gish, appeared in the 1913 Broadway play version of the story prior to the film being made. Much of the cast of the play appeared in the film version. This film is essentially lost, with only one of the five reels surviving, along with a five-second clip in the 1931 film The House That Shadows Built.

Adolph Zukor
Adolph Zukor (/ˈzuːkər/; Hungarian: Czukor Adolf; January 7, 1873 – June 10, 1976) was a Hungarian-American film producer best known as one of the three founders of Paramount Pictures. He produced one of America's first feature-length films, The Prisoner of Zenda, in 1913.
George Manners (Scarborough MP)
Captain George Manners (4 June 1747 – 27 June 1772) was a British soldier and politician, the illegitimate son of John Manners, Marquess of Granby and Ann Mompesson.

Manners was enrolled at Eton from 7 July 1757 until 1762. He served as a cornet in the Blues during the Seven Years' War, and became junior captain of the 3rd King's Dragoons on 4 August 1767.
In 1768, he was elected as Member of Parliament for Scarborough, a borough frequently in the Manners interest. Manners retired from the Army on 13 August 1771, but continued to represent Scarborough until his death in 1772.

Manners' sister was Anne, the illegitimate daughter of John Manners, Marquess of Granby. She married her first cousin John Manners-Sutton.

Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)
Scarborough was the name of a constituency in Yorkshire, electing Members of Parliament to the House of Commons, at two periods. From 1295 until 1918 it was a parliamentary borough consisting only of the town of Scarborough, electing two MPs until 1885 and one from 1885 until 1918. In 1974 the name was revived for a county constituency, covering a much wider area; this constituency was abolished in 1997.
SolTrans
SolTrans, officially Solano County Transit, is a joint powers authority that provides public transportation service to the southern Solano County cities of Vallejo and Benicia, California, United States. SolTrans was established in 2011 and is the result of a merger between Vallejo Transit and Benicia Breeze. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 2,031,200, or about 3,800 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

Walnut Creek, California
Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about 16 miles (26 kilometers) east of the city of Oakland, California and 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of San Francisco. Walnut Creek has a total population of 70,127 per the 2020 census, is located at the junction of the highways from Sacramento, California and San Jose, California (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24), and is accessible by BART. The city shares its borders with Clayton, California, Lafayette, California, Alamo, California, Pleasant Hill, California, and Concord, California.
Treaty of Tumlong
The Treaty of Tumlong, also known as the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861, was a March 1861 treaty between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Sikkim in present-day north-east India. Signed by Sir Ashley Eden on behalf of the British and by the Sikkimese Chogyal, Sidkeong Namgyal when his father Tsugphud Namgyal refused to return from Tibet, the treaty secured protection for travellers to Sikkim and guaranteed free trade, thereby making the state a de facto British protectorate.

Chogyal
The Chogyal ("Dharma Kings", Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ, Wylie: chos rgyal) were the monarchs of the former Kingdom of Sikkim, which belonged to the Namgyal dynasty (Tibetan: རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྒྱལ་རབས།, Wylie: Rnam Rgyal Rgyal Rabs). The Chogyal was the absolute monarch of Sikkim from 1642 to 1973, and the constitutional monarch from 1973 to 1975, when the monarchy was abolished and the Sikkimese people voted in a referendum to make Sikkim the 22nd state of India.
11th Screen Actors Guild Awards
The 11th Screen Actors Guild Awards, awarded by the Screen Actors Guild and honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2004, took place on February 5, 2005. The ceremony, for the 9th consecutive time was held at the Shrine Exposition Center in Los Angeles, California, and was televised live by TNT.

The nominees were announced on January 11, 2005 by Rosario Dawson and James Denton at Los Angeles' Pacific Design Center's Silver Screen Theater. The ceremony is notable for a rare feat attained by Jamie Foxx, who was nominated in four categories, making him the first actor to receive this amount of nominations in the same year.

Screen Actors Guild
The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.
Drew Ellis (American football)
Benjamin Drew Ellis (December 27, 1914 – May 18, 1988) was an American professional football offensive tackle who played for two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles. After playing college football for the TCU Horned Frogs, he was drafted by the Eagles in the third round of the 1937 NFL draft and played for the team from 1938 to 1939. He started 19 of the team's 22 games over the course of the two seasons at left tackle. He served in World War II for the United States Army.

1937 NFL draft
The 1937 NFL draft was the second draft held by the National Football League (NFL). The draft took place December 12, 1936, at the Hotel Lincoln in New York City. The draft consisted of 10 rounds, with 100 player selections, two of which would later become members of the Professional Football Hall of Fame. Notable for this draft were the league's draft selections for a planned expansion team, the Cleveland Rams, who were admitted into the league prior to the 1937 season. The Philadelphia Eagles used the first overall pick to select back Sam Francis, but ended up trading him to Chicago Bears two months later.
JavaCC
JavaCC (Java Compiler Compiler) is an open-source parser generator and lexical analyzer generator written in the Java programming language.

JavaCC is similar to yacc in that it generates a parser from a formal grammar written in EBNF notation. Unlike yacc, however, JavaCC generates top-down parsers. JavaCC can resolve choices based on the next k input tokens, and so can handle LL(k) grammars automatically; by use of "lookahead specifications", it can also resolve choices requiring unbounded look ahead.  JavaCC also generates lexical analyzers in a fashion similar to lex.  The tree builder that accompanies it, JJTree, constructs its trees from the bottom up.

JavaCC is licensed under a BSD license.

Extended Backus–Naur form
In computer science, extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar.  EBNF is used to make a formal description of a formal language such as a computer programming language. They are extensions of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF) metasyntax notation. The earliest EBNF was developed by Niklaus Wirth, incorporating some of the concepts (with a different syntax and notation) from Wirth syntax notation. Today, many variants of EBNF are in use. The International Organization for Standardization adopted an EBNF Standard, ISO/IEC 14977, in 1996. According to Zaytsev, however, this standard "only ended up adding yet another three dialects to the chaos" and, after noting its lack of success, also notes that the ISO EBNF is not even used in all ISO standards.

This article uses EBNF as specified by the ISO for examples applying to all EBNFs. Other EBNF variants use somewhat different syntactic conventions.
Nigel Godfrey
Christianity portal

Nigel A. Philip Godfrey (born 25 April 1951) is an Anglican priest: he has been the Dean of Peel since 2011.

He was ordained after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon in 1980.  He was Curate at St John the Divine, Kennington from 1979 to 1989; and then Vicar at Christ Church, Brixton until 2001. He was the Principal Ordained Minister Training for the Diocese of Southwark from 2001 until 2007 when he became the Vicar and Vice Dean of St German's Cathedral.

Nigel Godfrey was appointed an MBE in the King's Birthday honours in 2025.

Anglican Diocese of Southwark
The Diocese of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) is one of the 42 dioceses of the Church of England, part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The diocese forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. It was created on 1 May 1905 from part of the ancient Diocese of Rochester that was served by a suffragan bishop of Southwark from 1891 to 1905. Before 1877, most of the area was part of the ancient Diocese of Winchester, with a small part near the southern end of the London Bridge being part of the ancient Diocese of London.

The cathedral parish is the 13th century, gothic Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie.
1991 Superbike World Championship
The 1991 Superbike World Championship was the fourth FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 1 April at Donington Park and finished on 19 October at Phillip Island after 13 rounds.

Doug Polen won the riders' championship with 17 victories and Ducati won the manufacturers' championship.

The third round of the championship at Mosport was boycotted by the regular riders on safety grounds.

Canadian Tire Motorsport Park
Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport Park and Mosport International Raceway) is a multi-track motorsport venue located north of Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) east of Toronto. The facility features a 3.957 km (2.459 mi), 10-turn road course; a 2.9 km (1.8 mi) advance driver and race driver training facility with a 0.402 km (0.250 mi) skid pad (Driver Development Centre) and a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) kart track (Mosport Karting Centre Inc., previously "Mosport Kartways"). The name "Mosport", a portmanteau of Motor Sport, came from the enterprise formed to build the track.
Eike Holsten
Eike Hendrik Holsten (born 3 May 1983 in Zeven) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony since 2017. He has served as chairman of the Christian Democratic Employees' Association in Lower Saxony since 2021.

Landtag of Lower Saxony
The Lower Saxon Landtag (Niedersächsischer Landtag) or the Parliament of Lower Saxony is the state diet of the German state of Lower Saxony. It convenes in Hanover and currently consists of 146 members, consisting of four parties. Since 2022 the majority is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Olaf Lies (SPD).
Guo Dongpo
Guo Dongpo (Chinese: 郭东坡; born August 1937) is a Chinese politician who served as president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade from 1995 to 1997 and director of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office from 1997 to 2003.

He was an alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 7th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th and 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1992 to 1997. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 13th Central Committee. It was elected by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in turn elected the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
S. A. D. Bertrand
Simon-Amable-Damien Bertrand (1849 – December 25, 1943) was a businessman and political figure in Manitoba. He represented St. Boniface in 1900 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.

He was born in Chambly, Canada East, and came to Winnipeg in 1878 as a representative for a dry goods firm. From 1892 to 1901, he was a director for The Great-West Life Assurance Company. After being elected in 1899, Bertrand resigned his seat in the Manitoba assembly on September 6, 1900 to run unsuccessfully as a Liberal candidate in the federal riding of Provencher.

In 1901, he was named superintendent of public works for the Yukon.

He died in Montreal and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, pronounced [simtjɛʁ nɔtʁə dam de nɛʒ]) is a 139-hectare (340-acre) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.
Annona scleroderma
Annona scleroderma (also known as  cawesh or poshe-te) is a species of tree in the Annonaceae family, with an edible fruit the size of an orange. The cream-colored flesh of the fruit has a creamy banana-pineapple flavor and a soft texture. The fruit's tough skin makes it easy to handle. The fruit is little known outside its native region. The tree reaches 15 to 20 meters tall. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.

Its native range is the Atlantic coast of Central America, from Mexico and Guatemala to Honduras. It is not widely cultivated (except in certain parts of Guatemala). A tree grown from seed takes about four years until it begins producing fruit.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Perittia echiella
Perittia echiella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia and Sicily and in Greece.

The wingspan is about 11 mm.

The larvae feed on Echium decaisnei, Echium lusitanicum, Echium plantagineum, Podonosma orientalis and Symphytum species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from March onwards.

Podonosma orientalis
Podonosma orientalis, commonly known as golden drop, is a species of flowering plant resembling a low-lying shrub of the Boraginaceae family, first described by Carl Linnaeus. It is endemic to Turkey, the Eastern Mediterranean, namely, Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Palestine), and stretching as far as the woodlands and desert steppes of Jordan, Iraq, and in Western and Southern Iran. In Israel it is a regular feature in the Judean and Samaritan deserts, as also on Mount Carmel, where it is very common.
1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection
A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1953 after Trygve Lie announced his intention of resigning.  Lie had been at odds with the Soviet Union since the outbreak of the Korean War, and the negotiations for an armistice offered the opportunity for a new Secretary-General to turn the page.  The British delegation dragged out the selection process as they campaigned for Lester Pearson of Canada, but he was vetoed by the Soviet Union.  Other candidates fell short of a majority in the Security Council.  After two weeks of deadlock, France proposed Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden as a dark horse candidate.  Hammarskjöld was acceptable to both superpowers and was selected Secretary-General for a 5-year term.

Hammarskjöld subsequently ran unopposed for re-selection in 1957 and was unanimously appointed to a second term.

Dark horse
A dark horse is a previously lesser-known person, team or thing that emerges to prominence in a situation, especially in a competition involving multiple rivals, that is unlikely to succeed but has a fighting chance, unlike the underdog who is expected to lose.

The term comes from horse racing and horse betting jargon for any new but promising horse. It has since found usage mostly in other sports, sports betting, and sports journalism and to lesser extent in nascent business environments, such as experimental technology and startup companies.
Eastham Oil Terminal
Eastham Oil Terminal is situated close to the small town of Eastham on the Wirral Peninsula, beside the Manchester Ship Canal. It was commissioned in 1954 close to the Queen Elizabeth II Dock and is a storage and export facility for oil products refined at Stanlow Refinery, to which it is connected by pipeline. The site is currently operated by Nynas.

Eastham, Merseyside
Eastham is a village and an electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in Merseyside, England. Historically (until 1974), it was part of Cheshire. It is situated on the Wirral Peninsula, to the south of Bromborough and to the east of Willaston.

At the 2001 census, it had a population of 12,250, although the total ward population for the village stood at 13,637 In 2011, the villages population was not measured separately but a review was carried out for the ward. The total population had risen to 13,882.
Asaduzzaman Payel
Asaduzzaman Payel (born 1 September 1998) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Uttara Sporting Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League on 27 February 2019. He made his List A debut for Uttara Sporting Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 8 March 2019. He made his first-class debut for Rajshahi Division against Chittagong Division in the 2020–21 National Cricket League on 22 March 2021.

Chittagong Division cricket team
Chattogram Division cricket team represents the Chittagong Division, one of the eight administrative regions in Bangladesh. The team was founded in 1999 to compete in the National Cricket League (NCL) and plays first-class cricket. For the short-lived National Cricket League Twenty20 in 2010, the team adopted the name Cyclones of Chittagong. The equivalent team in the Bangladesh Premier League is the Chittagong Kings.

Chittagong Division play most of their home games at the Bir Shrestho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman Cricket Stadium (BSFLMRCS) in the port city of Chittagong. The BSFLMRCS has superseded the older District Stadium, Chottogram (DSC) as Chittagong's main cricket venue. The District Stadium is now used primarily for football.
Runway Moms
Runway Moms is an American reality television program created for the Discovery Health Channel. It is a documentary style show profiling women that work for Expecting Models, a modeling agency that specializes in pregnant models and actresses.

Each episode highlights a different model mom-to-be and her unique pregnancy and birth story. The models are followed on their photo shoots and share their prenatal secrets to staying fit and glamorous. Agency owner Liza Elliott-Ramirez, mother of two, acts as both an agent and confidant for the models.

Runway Moms was broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel in the United States, the Discovery Channel in Australia, and on Discovery Home & Health in southeast Asia.

Discovery Channel (Australia and New Zealand)
Discovery is a television channel available on cable and satellite television in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian version of the US Discovery Channel was previously operated by XYZnetworks, who also own the exclusive distribution rights for the channel.

The channel was launched in July 1995, replacing the Quest documentary channel launched in April 1995 by XYZ.

It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history, but by the 2010s had expanded into reality television and pseudo-scientific entertainment.

Discovery's most popular content includes Aussie Gold Hunters, Gold Rush, Deadliest Catch, and Fast N' Loud and annual event Shark Week. Programming is primarily focused on reality television series geared towards the topics of science, extreme living, and motoring.

Both Discovery and Discovery Turbo have timeshift channels, which rebroadcast programming 2 hours later on Foxtel.
Elena J. Duarte
Elena J. Duarte (born c. March–May 1966 in San Jose, California) is an Associate Justice of the California Third District Court of Appeal, having served since December 10, 2010, after being appointed to the post by Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on November 23, 2010.

Stanford Law School
Stanford Law School (SLS) is the law school of Stanford University. Established in 1893, the school had an acceptance rate of 6.28% in 2021, the second-lowest of any law school in the country. George Triantis currently serves as Dean.

Stanford Law School employs more than 90 full-time and part-time faculty members and enrolls over 550 students who are working toward their Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Stanford Law also confers four advanced legal degrees: a Master of Laws (LL.M.), a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.), a Master of the Science of Law (J.S.M.), and a Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.). Each fall, Stanford Law enrolls a J.D. class of approximately 180 students, giving Stanford the smallest student body of any law school ranked in the top fourteen (T14). Stanford also maintains eleven full-time legal clinics, including the nation's first and most active Supreme Court litigation clinic, and offers 27 formal joint degree programs.
Geoff Paine
Geoff Paine is an Australian television and theatre actor from Melbourne. He is known for his a role as doctor Clive Gibbons on the soap opera Neighbours, as well as A Country Practice, Nine Network children's television series Pig's Breakfast and ABC3's Mal.com.

Colette Mann
Colette Mann (born 17 February 1950) is an Australian actress, singer, TV and radio presenter, choreographer, writer and media personality, who has been in the entertainment industry for over 50 years. She is known for her roles in Prisoner (1979–1984) as Doreen May Anderson Burns, and Neighbours (2012–2022) as Sheila Canning.