hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruins in North Macedonia
There are possibly more than 100 archaeological or historic ruins in North Macedonia. Civilizations in the past left behind many structures such as castles, fortresses, churches, and aqueducts. Ruins can be seen today all over the Macedonian countryside. Factors such as environmental changes, changes in settlements, populations, migrations, and changes in neighbouring colonies or tribes, all played a key role in the movement of people within the region of Macedonia.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Witaaspis
Witaaspis was an extinct genus of osteostraci fish that lived in the Wenlock and Ludlow epochs of the Silurian period.

Witaaspis schrenckii (Pander) and Witaaspis patteni Robertson were formally named in 1945, along with three other genara of osteostraci.

The genera were named Witaaspis after the quarry in Estonia where the specimens were found.

Wenlock Epoch
The Wenlock Epoch (sometimes referred to as the Wenlockian) or Mid-Early Silurian is the second epoch of the Silurian. It is preceded by the Llandovery Epoch and followed by the Ludlow Epoch. Radiometric dates constrain the Wenlockian between 432.9 and 426.7 million years ago.
Taupō Airport
Taupō Airport (Māori: Te Papa Waka Rererangi o Taupō, (IATA: TUO, ICAO: NZAP)) is a small airport 8 km (5.0 mi) to the south of Taupō township on the eastern shores of Lake Taupō, New Zealand.

Scheduled flights are operated by Air New Zealand Link, using Bombardier DHC-8-Q300 from Auckland. The airport is a popular destination for private jets, due to its close proximity to trout fishing, golf, hunting, skiing and luxury resorts.

A number of small charter and training operations are also based here, along with maintenance providers and a large search and rescue facility. Taupō Airport is the busiest parachute drop zone in New Zealand. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic there were two commercial tandem skydiving companies operating from the airport, however one has since gone out of business as a result.

Lake Taupō
Lake Taupō (also spelled Taupo; Māori: Taupō-nui-a-Tia or Taupōmoana) is a large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of Taupō Volcano.  The lake is the namesake of the town of Taupō, which sits on a bay in the lake's northeastern shore. With a surface area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi), it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray in Papua New Guinea. Motutaiko Island lies in the southeastern area of the lake.
Nathaniel Clarke Wallace
Nathaniel Clarke Wallace (21 May 1844 – 8 October 1901) was a Canadian politician and Orangeman.

Born in Burwick, Canada West, the third son of the Nathanael Wallace and Ann Wallace, natives of County Sligo, Ireland, who came to Canada in 1834 and 1833 respectively. He was educated in Woodbridge Public School and at the Weston Grammar School. A merchant and flour miller, he was reeve of Vaughan from 1874 to 1879 and warden of the County of York in 1878.

Wallace was elected as the Liberal-Conservative candidate to the House of Commons of Canada for York West in 1878, 1882, 1887, 1891, 1896, and 1900. He was controller of customs of Canada from 1892 until 1895.

He was grand master of the Loyal Orange Association of British America and was president of the Triennial Council of the Orangemen of the World.

He died in office in 1901.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Townsville State Government Offices (Flinders Street)
Townsville State Government Offices is a heritage-listed office building at 419 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Andrew Baxter Leven and built in 1928 by Queensland Department of Public Works. It is also known as the former Public Curator's Office. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 January 1995.

Department of Housing and Public Works
The Department of Housing and Public Works is a ministerial department within the Queensland Government, tasked with providing housing, sport, digital technology, and urban design and architecture services Both Smart Service Queensland (SSQ) and Queensland Shared Services (QSS) sit within Housing and Public Works, providing whole-of-government services including HR, payroll, procurement, infrastructure, and state-wide contact centre solutions.

The department was previously called the Department of Housing, Local Government, Planning and Public Works prior to the November 2024 machinery of government changes.
Anacleto Medina
Anacleto Medina (1788 – July 17, 1871)  was a Uruguayan soldier, politician and caudillo who participated in the Brazilian War, the Argentine Civil War and the Guerra Grande in the Banda Oriental. He served in the Federal Army in the Unitary Army, and also in the Colorados and Blancos armies, during the Uruguayan Civil War.

Born in Las Víboras, Colonia Department, Uruguay, he was the son of Luis Bernardo Medina, born in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, and Petrona Biera, belonging to a Creole family from the Banda Oriental.

During his military career he was under the command of the main military leaders, including Francisco Ramírez, Juan Lavalle, Fructuoso Rivera, Justo José de Urquiza and Ricardo López Jordán. He died assassinated after the defeat of Manantiales, event occurred on July 17, 1871.

Fructuoso Rivera
José Fructuoso Rivera y Toscana (17 October 1784 – 13 January 1854) was a Uruguayan general and patriot who fought for the liberation of Banda Oriental from Brazilian rule, thrice served as President of Uruguay and was one of the instigators of the long Uruguayan Civil War. He is also considered to be the founder of the Colorado Party, which ruled Uruguay without interruption from 1865 until 1958. He made a controversial decision to almost completely eliminate the native Charrúa during the 1831 Massacre of Salsipuedes.
Modern Woman
"Modern Woman" is a song performed by Billy Joel from his album The Bridge. It was the album's lead-off single and was featured on the soundtrack to the film Ruthless People. In the film, the song removes an instrumental break present in the original. It was a Top 10 hit on Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1986.

Ruthless People
Ruthless People is a 1986 American black comedy film directed by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker and written by Dale Launer. It stars Danny DeVito, Bette Midler, Judge Reinhold, Anita Morris, and Helen Slater, with Bill Pullman in a supporting role in his film debut. The film is the story of a couple who kidnap their ex-boss's wife to get revenge and extort money from him. They soon realize he does not want her back and was planning to kill her himself.  Meanwhile, the boss's mistress plans a blackmail attempt on him, which also fails to go as planned.

The film was a critical and commercial success. This was the last film released under the Touchstone Films label before Walt Disney Studios changed the name of the label to Touchstone Pictures as well as the last film directed by the Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker trio together.
Rich Chrismer
Rich Chrismer (born April 9, 1946) is an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from the 16th district from 1993 to 2001 and Director of Elections for St. Charles County from 2002 through 2018. Chrismer declined to run for re-election after a number of sexual misconduct allegations against him were settled by the County for $370,000.

Chrismer announced his candidacy for Missouri State Senate in 2023. The election is August 6, 2024.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Uspantán mine
The Uspantán mine  is one of the largest nickel mines in Guatemala. The mine is located in Uspantán in Quiché Department. The mine has reserves amounting to 40 million tonnes of ore grading 1.25% nickel.

Uspantán
Uspantán is a municipality in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché. It is one of the largest municipalities of El Quiché and stretches from the mountainous highlands in the South to the tropical lowlands in the North.  The municipal seat is in Villa de San Miguel Uspantán with a population of 2,800. The birthplace of Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú, a community named Laj Chimel, is located Uspantán not far from the municipal seat.  Completion of paving on the road in from Chichicastenango has brought a small tourist boom to the town.

The municipality includes the pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site of Chitinamit, believed to be Jakawitz, the first capital of the K'iche' Maya.
Daniel Mastretta
Juan Daniel Mastretta Guzmán (born 1953, Puebla) is a Mexican engineer and designer. In 1987 he founded Mastretta Design, a design and automotive company. Mastretta was chiefly responsible for the development of the first Mexican sports car, the Mastretta MXT, in 2008.

Daniel Mastretta trained in industrial design, and in his early career worked primarily in furniture and packaging design and in the design of public spaces. However, his primary work has been in the public transport sector. One of the founders of the Mexican design companies, Tecnoidea and CV/Tecnosport, he has been the chief designer of 17 different models of buses (both in Mexico and abroad). In 1997 he was awarded the Premio al Mérito Profesional in design by the Colegio de Diseñadores Industriales y Gráficos de México (College of Industrial and Graphic Designers of Mexico).

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Huw Lewis-Jones
Huw Lewis-Jones (born 2 May 1980) is a British historian, editor, broadcaster and art director. Formerly a historian and Curator of Art at the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lewis-Jones left Cambridge in June 2010 to pursue book and broadcasting projects. He is the Editorial Director of the independent publishing company Polarworld.

Ranulph Fiennes
Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet OBE (born 7 March 1944), commonly known as Sir Ranulph Fiennes (/ˈrænʌlf ˈfaɪnz/) and sometimes as Ran Fiennes, is an English explorer, writer and poet, who holds several endurance records.

Fiennes served in the British Army for eight years, including a period on counter-insurgency service while attached to the Army of the Sultanate of Oman. He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North Pole and South Pole by surface means and the first to completely cross Antarctica on foot. In May 2009, at the age of 65, he reached the summit of Mount Everest.

Guinness Book of Records founding editor Norris McWhirter in 1984 named Fiennes as the greatest living explorer. Fiennes has written numerous books about his army service and his expeditions as well as books on explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton.
Ellsworth Court
The Ellsworth Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1796 to 1800, when Oliver Ellsworth served as the third Chief Justice of the United States. Ellsworth took office after the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of Chief Justice John Rutledge, who briefly served as a Chief Justice as a recess appointment. Ellsworth served as Chief Justice until his resignation, at which point John Marshall took office. With some exceptions, the Ellsworth Court was the last Supreme Court to use seriatim opinions.

Seriatim
Seriatim (Latin for "in series") in law indicates that a court is addressing multiple issues in a certain order, such as the order in which the issues were originally presented to the court. In actuarial science it refers to a model that looks at each data point separately.
Oscar Brown
Oscar Brown Jr. (October 10, 1926 – May 29, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, playwright, poet, actor, and civil rights activist (Brown was African-American). Aside from his career, Brown ran unsuccessfully for office in both the Illinois state legislature and the U.S. Congress. Brown wrote many songs (125 have been published), 12 albums, and more than a dozen musical plays.

Dave Garroway
David Cunningham Garroway (July 13, 1913 – July 21, 1982) was an American radio and television host on NBC. He was the host of Garroway at Large from 1949 to 1951, the founding host and anchor of Today from 1952 to 1961, and the host of The Dave Garroway Show from 1953 to 1954. His radio work included host of The Dave Garroway Show (radio program) from 1947 to 1955 and Monitor from 1955 to 1961. His easygoing and relaxing style belied a lifelong battle with depression. Garroway was honored for his contributions to radio and television with a star for each on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the St. Louis Walk of Fame, the city where he spent part of his teenaged years and early adulthood.
2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre freestyle
The women's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 9 at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center. The defending champion was Katie Ledecky of the United States.

Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center
Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center (東京辰巳国際水泳場, Tōkyō Tatsumi Kokusai Suieijō) is a swimming venue in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. The swimming centre has hosted several Japanese swimming championships.
Antanas Tumėnas
Antanas Tumėnas (13 May 1880 in Kurkliečiai, near Rokiškis – 8 February 1946 in Bachmanning, Austria) was a Lithuanian politician, teacher, professor of law, judge, 8th Prime Minister of Lithuania, and Chairman of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania. He was a member of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party.

Tumėnas was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and was appointed as chairman of the Constitutional Commission of Lithuania (1922).

Later, he was a member of the 1st Seimas. He was the speaker of Seimas in 1923. He participated in creating the law system of the new republic. He was Minister of Justice in the 9th, 10th, and 11th Cabinets of Lithuania.

Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania
The Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania or VLIK (Lithuanian: Vyriausiasis Lietuvos išlaisvinimo komitetas) was an organization seeking independence of Lithuania. It was established on November 25, 1943, during the Nazi occupation. After World War II, it moved abroad and continued its operations in Germany and the United States. VLIK claimed to be the legal representative of the Lithuanian parliament and government, but it did not enjoy international recognition. It was dissolved in 1990, when Lithuania re-established its independence.
2007 Conference USA men's soccer tournament
The 2007 Conference USA men's soccer tournament was the thirteenth edition of the Conference USA Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Conference USA champion and guaranteed representative into the 2007 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The tournament was hosted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the games were played at West Campus Field.

West Campus Field
West Campus Field was a soccer-specific stadium located in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, on the campus of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) that served as the home field for both the UAB Blazers men's and women's college soccer teams. The 1,500-seat stadium, with an overall capacity of 2,500, was built in 1993.

The largest men's soccer regular season crowd to ever see a game at the facility was 3,141 on August 27, 2011, to see the Blazers defeat the Clemson Tigers in their 2011 home opener.

The facility hosted the Conference USA Men's Soccer Tournament in 1999 and 2007.
Inherence
Inherence refers to Empedocles' idea that the qualities of matter come from the relative proportions of each of the four elements entering into a thing.  The idea was further developed by Plato and Aristotle.

Philosophy of matter
Philosophy of matter is the branch of philosophy concerned with issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology and character of matter and the material world. The word matter is derived from the Latin word materia, meaning 'wood', or 'timber', in the sense 'material', as distinct from 'mind' or 'form'. The image of wood came to Latin as a calque from the ancient Greek philosophical usage of hyle (ὕλη).
Takaharu Kyōgoku
Takaharu Kyōgoku (京極 高晴, Kyōgoku Takaharu; January 18, 1938 – May 6, 2024) was a Japanese businessman and Shinto priest.

Kyōgoku was the 15th head of the Kyōgoku clan (the former Tajima Toyooka clan) which held power in Toyooka before and during the Edo period. He was among descendants of the Meiji period kazoku (peerage) which was abolished in 1947.

Kyōgoku died from a epidural hematoma on May 6, 2024, at the age of 86.

Toyooka, Hyōgo
Toyooka (豊岡市, Toyooka-shi) is a city in the northern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the city had an estimated population of 78,348 in 37,769 households and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 697.55 square kilometres (269.33 sq mi).
David M. Robinson
David M. Robinson (born May 27, 1965) is an American historian. He earned a bachelor's degree from Hobart College and completed graduate studies at Princeton University. He teaches at Colgate University as the Robert H.N. Ho Professor in Asian Studies.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
SS Monterey
SS Monterey was a luxury ocean liner launched on 10 October 1931. The ship was completed April 1932 and is shown in registers as a 1932 ship. Monterey was the third of the four ships of the Matson Lines "White Fleet", which were designed by William Francis Gibbs and also included SS Malolo, SS Mariposa and SS Lurline. Monterey was identical to Mariposa and very similar to Lurline. During World War II Monterey was used as a troopship operated by Matson as agents of the War Shipping Administration (WSA). Monterey was a large, fast transport capable of sailing independently and was allocated to serving Army troop transport requirements. The ship was involved in an attack on a convoy near Cape Bougaroun.

Milne Bay
Milne Bay is a large bay in Milne Bay Province, south-easternmost Papua New Guinea. More than 35 km (22 mi) long and over 15 km (9 mi) wide, Milne Bay is a sheltered deep-water harbor accessible via Ward Hunt Strait. It is surrounded by the heavily wooded Stirling Range to the north and south, and on the northern shore, a narrow coastal strip, soggy with sago and mangrove swamps. The bay is named after Sir Alexander Milne.
OLB
OLB may stand for:

Oh Lord Buddha - Quotes related to Buddhism

Olbia - Costa Smeralda Airport, IATA airport code

Outside linebacker, a defensive position in American and Canadian football

Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB) - a standard for embedding SQL in Java

Oldenburgische Landesbank - a German bank

Online Bible

Overpass Light Brigade - Series of illuminated (LED) signs used by activists and others. Each letter is held by a different person.

Operation London Bridge

Our Lady of the Bay Catholic High School, A Catholic High School In Collingwood, Ontario, Canada

SQL/OLB
SQL/OLB, or Object Language Bindings, is a standard for embedding SQL in Java, commonly known by its prior name as SQLJ (part 0). Besides describing the syntax and semantics of SQLJ, which are typically given relative to JDBC, the standard also describes mechanisms to ensure binary portability of SQLJ applications, and specifies various Java packages and their contained classes.

SQL/OLB was informally known as "SQLJ part 0" before standardization, which first occurred under the aegis of ANSI in 1998 and then ISO in 2000. Although the latter was published after the bulk of SQL:1999, officially it was "part 10" of that standard—a convention that was maintained for subsequent ISO SQL standards, including the current one, SQL:2011.
Traumatic cardiac arrest
Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is a condition in which the heart has ceased to beat due to blunt or penetrating trauma, such as a stab wound to the thoracic area. It is a medical emergency which will always result in death without prompt advanced medical care.  Even with prompt medical intervention, survival without neurological complications is rare. In recent years, protocols have been proposed to improve survival rate in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest, though the variable causes of this condition as well as many coexisting injuries can make these protocols difficult to standardize. Traumatic cardiac arrest is a complex form of cardiac arrest often derailing from advanced cardiac life support in the sense that the emergency team must first establish the cause of the traumatic arrest and reverse these effects, for example hypovolemia and haemorrhagic shock due to a penetrating injury.

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.