hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National central city
In China, a national central city (国家中心城市) is a municipality or city with regional, national, and international importance. There are nine national central cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Xi'an, and Zhengzhou.

As defined by the National Development and Reform Committee, national central cities are strategically located in the country, shoulder the national mission, lead regional development, participate in international competition, and represent the national image. This designation was formulated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in 2005 as a first step in reforming urbanization in China. The cities' hub activities or spheres of influence have great impact on their surrounding regions in modernizing and integrating services in various fields, including infrastructure, finance, public education, social welfare, sanitation, business licensing, and urban planning.

Urbanization in China
Urbanization in the People's Republic of China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening up policy. According to the Chinese government, the country's urbanization rate was 67 percent at end of 2024. According to the United Nations, the country's urbanization rate was 83.7 percent in 2025, having peaked in absolute numbers in 2021.
Op. 140
In music, Op. 140 stands for Opus number 140. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Raff – Symphony No. 2

Saint-Saëns – The Promised Land

Schubert – Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, D 812 (Grand Duo)

Schumann –  "Vom Pagen und der Königstochter" for solo voice, chorus, and orchestra

Shostakovich – Six Romances on Verses by English Poets

Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, D 812 (Schubert)
Franz Schubert wrote his Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, D 812, in June 1824 during his second stay at the Esterházy estate in Želiezovce. The extended work, in four movements, has a performance time of around 40 to 45 minutes. It was published as Grand Duo, Op. 140, in 1837, nine years after the composer's death.

Robert Schumann saw Beethoven's influence in the work, and thought of it as the piano version of a symphony. Joseph Joachim's orchestration of the work was performed from the 19th to the 21st century. From the second half of the 20th century the Sonata was however more readily appreciated as a piano piece with orchestral effects, like many other piano works by Schubert, than as a symphony in disguise.
Fiona Smith-Bell
Fiona Lesley Smith (born October 31, 1973, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and raised in Edam, Saskatchewan) is a retired Canadian  ice hockey defender. She played for the Edmonton Chimos and the Canadian national team. In 1998 she helped Team Canada win the silver medal at the Olympic Winter Games in Nagano.

Edmonton Chimos
The Edmonton Chimos were a professional women's ice hockey team in the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL). Founded in 1973, the team closed out its 38-year existence playing its home games at River Cree Twin Arenas  in Edmonton,  Canada. At that time, the team owner was Arlan Maschmayer.
The House of Mirth (2000 film)
The House of Mirth is a 2000 drama film written and directed by Terence Davies. An adaptation of Edith Wharton's 1905 novel The House of Mirth, the film stars Gillian Anderson.  It is an international co-production between the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. The "misleading title", derived from a phrase in the Old Testament, was used by newspapers for an insurance scandal of 1905.

Sony Pictures Classics
Sony Pictures Classics Inc. is an American arthouse film production and distribution company that is an autonomous division of Sony Pictures Entertainment and part of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group. It was founded in January 1992 by former Orion Classics heads Michael Barker, Tom Bernard and Marcie Bloom. It distributes, produces and acquires specialty films such as documentaries, independent and arthouse films. As of 2015, Barker and Bernard are co-presidents of the division.
Anaweka River
The Anaweka River is small river in a remote area of the Tasman District of New Zealand. Its source is on the slopes of Mount White in the Wakamarama Range. The river flows to the Tasman Sea, the mouth being about 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of the southern end of the road from Farewell Spit and Collingwood.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Star of the East (diamond)
The "Star of the East" is a 94.78-carat, pear-shaped, D-color stone of VS2 clarity grade. Its exact origin is unknown, but it likely originated from India. The Star of the East diamond was part of the collection of jewels belonging to the Ottoman Sultan, Abdul Hamid II, who ruled between 1876 and 1909. The Star of the East was stolen from Sultan Abdul Hamid II. The exact circumstances under which the diamond came into the possession of the Sultan are not known. Even the origin of the name and at what point in its history it was christened remain a mystery. It was later acquired by Pierre Cartier, who sold it to Evalyn Walsh McLean. After McLean's death, Harry Winston purchased the diamond together with McLean's entire collection. The diamond's current whereabouts are unknown.

Carat (mass)
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterwards in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into 100 points of 2 mg. Other subdivisions, and slightly different mass values, have been used in the past in different locations.

In terms of diamonds, a paragon is a flawless stone of at least 100 carats (20 g).

The ANSI X.12 EDI standard abbreviation for the carat is CD.
The Greatest Filmography 1999–2006
The Greatest Filmography 1999–2006 is a collection of Gackt's music videos released on DVD on August 23, 2006, by Nippon Crown, and in the United States and Canada on October 9, 2007, by Viz Pictures. It was released in two editions, "Red," themed around rock-oriented videos, and "Blue," themed around ballad-oriented videos. The version released in North America contains English subtitles.

In an interview with Shojo Beat magazine, Gackt said that for him, the visually most beautiful music video is of "Saikai (Story)." The video for "Another World" was filmed in Hong Kong, and it was filmed as if they were shooting a movie, which took days to do. For the video of "Redemption," they had a problem with the original schedule, so they had to film it all night long in a ruined warehouse. Most of Gackt's music videos were filmed in Japan, but some were also shot in locations in the United States (Nevada, California), Australia, and Germany.

Nippon Crown
Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. (日本クラウン株式会社, Nippon Kuraun Kabushikaisha) is a Japanese record label established as Crown Records on 6 September 1963. It is a spin-off of Nippon Columbia and is owned by karaoke maker Daiichikosho. The record label singles which topped the Oricon Singles Chart are Kaze's "22-Sai no Wakare" (1975), and Gackt's "Returner (Yami no Shūen)" (2007).
Tokuo Kitani
Tokuo Kitani (Japanese: 木谷 徳雄; 15 February 1909 – January 1947) was a Japanese speed skater who competed in the 1932 Winter Olympics.

In 1932 he participated in the 500 metres competition, in the 1500 metres event, in the 5000 metres competition, and in the 10000 metres event, but was eliminated in the heats in all four contests.

Speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres
The 10,000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Friday, February 5, 1932, on Saturday, February 6, 1932, and on Monday, February 8, 1932. Eighteen speed skaters from six nations competed. Like all other speed skating events at this Olympics the competition was held for the only time in pack-style format, having all competitors skate at the same time.
The Moon (film)
The Moon (Korean: 더 문; RR: Deo mun) is a 2023 South Korean science fiction disaster film written, co-produced and directed by Kim Yong-hwa, starring Sul Kyung-gu, Doh Kyung-soo, and Kim Hee-ae. It follows the dramatic story of South Korea's first crewed lunar exploration mission and isolation in space. The film was released theatrically on August 2, 2023. It is also available for streaming on Viu in selected regions.

Viu (streaming service)
Viu (pronounced as view) is a Hong Kong-based over-the-top video on demand streaming service from PCCW Media Group's Viu International Ltd. Operated in a dual-revenue model comprising subscriptions and advertising, Viu delivers content in different genres from Asia's top content providers with local language subtitles, as well as original production series under the Viu Original initiative (similar to original programming from other services like Disney+, Amazon Prime Video and Netflix).

Viu is now available in 16 markets across Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Middle East including Australia, Bahrain, Egypt, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, New Zealand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates. As of December 2022, Viu had 66.4 million monthly active users, including 12.2 million paying subscribers.
Nijinomatsubara
Nijinomatsubara (虹之松原, nijinomatsubara) is a 360-year-old pine forest in Karatsu, Saga.  It has a width of 400 - 700 metres, a length of about 4 km, and a total area of 240 hectares.  It was also referred as The Black Pine Forest of 1 Million Trees (百万本のクロマツを中心とした松林, hyaku man hon no kuromatsu wo chuushin toshita matsubayashi), though this name is uncommon today.

The forest was originally planted by the feudal lord Terazawa Hirotaka as a counter-measure against the strong winds and tides in Karatsu Bay.  Today it is a popular tourist spot, and on a list of the 100 most beautiful places in Japan.

This forest is easily accessible from both Karatsu City and Fukuoka City, by the Chikuhi Line.  There are several hotels and places to park nearby.

Chikuhi Line
The Chikuhi Line (筑肥線, Chikuhi-sen) is a railway line in Kyushu, Japan. The line is split up into two parts; in the east, it runs between Meinohama Station in Fukuoka, Fukuoka and Karatsu Station in Karatsu, Saga, and in the west, between Yamamoto Station in Karatsu to Imari Station in Imari, Saga.

On the eastern section, most trains run via through service on both ends onto the Fukuoka City Subway's Airport Line toward Hakata Station, and to Nishi-Karatsu on the JR Karatsu Line. On the western section, all trains continue past Yamamoto onto the Karatsu Line to reach Karatsu Station, effectively connecting the two halves of the line.
Glenn Lake
Glenn Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, and is within Woodland Caribou Provincial Park.

The primary inflow, at the southeast and arriving from Optic Lake, and outflow, at the northwest and leading towards Hansen Lake, is the Rostoul River, which flows via the Gammon River, the Bloodvein River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

Kenora District
Kenora District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The district seat is the City of Kenora.

It is geographically the largest division in Ontario: at 407,213.01 square kilometres (157,225.82 sq mi), it covers 38 percent of the province's area, making it larger than Newfoundland and Labrador, and slightly smaller than Sweden or roughly the land size of California. Kenora District also has the lowest population density of any of Ontario's census divisions (it ranks 37th out of 50 by total population).

The district was created in 1907 from parts of Rainy River District. The northern part (north of the Albany River) only became part of Ontario in 1912 (transferred from the Northwest Territories). The separate Patricia District upon transfer, it was in 1937 annexed to Kenora District and known sometimes as the Patricia Portion.
Convict julie
The convict julie (Julidochromis regani) is a cichlid species in the subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae family endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Hence it is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. The fish is named after Charles Tate Regan.

This species is closely related to Julidochromis marlieri. Possibly, a male common ancestor of these two hybridised with some female Telmatochromis ancestor in their evolutionary past.

Pseudocrenilabrinae
The Pseudocrenilabrinae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fishes to which, according to a study from 2004, includes all the Middle Eastern and African cichlids with the exception of the unusual Heterochromis multidens and the Malagasy species. This subfamily includes more than 1,100 species. Previous authors recognized additional African subfamilies, e.g. the Tilapiinae of Hoedeman (1947), Tylochrominae of Poll (1986), or Boulengerochrominae of Tawil (2001).

This subfamily includes the cichlids from the African Great Lakes, such as the utaka and mbuna in Lake Malawi, and various species from Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika.

The Pseudocrenilabrinae tribes Haplochromini and Oreochromini are widespread in Africa and also found in the Middle East, while Chromidotilapiini, Hemichromini and Tylochromini are primarily West and Central African. The remaining tribes are largely or entirely restricted to Lake Tanganyika.
Medal of Honor (film)
Medal of Honor (Romanian: Medalia de onoare) is a 2009 Romanian drama film directed by Călin Peter Netzer.

The plot revolves around a retiree who is mistakenly awarded a military distinction. Former Romanian president Ion Iliescu plays himself in the film.

Călin Peter Netzer
Călin Peter Netzer (Romanian: [kəˈlin ˈpetər ˈnet͡sər]; born 1 May 1975) is a Romanian film director who won the Golden Bear at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.

Born in Petroșani to a family of Romanian and German origins, Netzer emigrated with his family to West Germany in 1983. In 1994, he returned to Romania in order to study film direction at the Academy of Theatre and Film in Bucharest.

His first feature film, Maria (2003), won the Special Prize of the Jury at the Locarno International Film Festival, among other prizes at this and other film festivals.

Poziția copilului (Child's Pose, 2013), his third feature film, won him the Golden Bear at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards.
ESP LTD TA-200
ESP LTD TA-200 is an electric bass model distributed by ESP. It is the mass-produced version of the custom signature model ESP Tom Araya, endorsed and used by Tom Araya of Slayer.

The four-string bass guitar features passive humbucker pickups jointly designed and produced by ESP and EMG and a fixed bridge. Electronics are controlled by master volume, master tone and pickup balance knobs. Pentagram inlays decorate the rosewood fretboard.

Humbucker
A humbucker, humbucking pickup, or double coil, is a guitar pickup that uses two wire coils to cancel out noisy interference from coil pickups. Humbucking coils are also used in dynamic microphones to cancel electromagnetic hum. Humbuckers are one of two main types of guitar pickups. The other is called a single coil.
United States v. Peoni
United States v. Peoni, 100 F.2d 401 (2d Cir. 1938), was a criminal case that the prosecution must establish that the mental state (mens rea) of an accomplice to a crime include a purpose to aid or encourage, and thereby facilitate the criminal conduct of the principal.: 761  This showing of purpose is contrasted with showing knowledge that the principal would commit the crime, which does not necessarily imply that the purpose of acting to aid or abet was to facilitate the criminal act of the principal.: 761

Aiding and abetting
Aiding and abetting is a legal doctrine related to the guilt of someone who aids or abets (encourages, incites) another person in the commission of a crime (or in another's suicide). It exists in a number of different countries and generally allows a court to pronounce someone guilty for aiding and abetting in a crime even if they are not the principal offender. English common law distinguished aiding and abetting from being an accessory before the fact in that the former required presence at the crime, while the latter required absence from the crime. Some jurisdictions maintain that distinction. Other jurisdictions have merged being an accessory before the fact with aiding and abetting.
2005 Phillip Island Superbike World Championship round
The 2005 Phillip Island Superbike World Championship round was the second round of the 2005 Superbike World Championship. It took place over the weekend of 1–3 April 2005 at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit near Cowes, Victoria, Australia.

Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit
The Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Ventnor, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The current circuit was first used in 1952.

Along with The Bend Motorsport Park in South Australia, the 4.448 km (2.764 mi) long island circuit is one of two race tracks in Australia to carry a FIM Category A track licence which allows for the highest level of motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Phillip Island also carries an FIA Grade 3 track licence.
Matej Ninoslav
Matej Ninoslav (Serbian Cyrillic: Матеј Нинослав; died 1250) was the Ban of Bosnia in the period of 1232–50. Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242–1244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal. Ninoslav continually defended Bosnia during the Bosnian Crusade that persecuted its heretic population. He was succeeded by his cousin, Ban Prijezda, in 1254.

Bosnia (region)
Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna / Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

The two regions have formed a geopolitical entity since medieval times, and the name "Bosnia" commonly occurs in historical and geopolitical senses as generally referring to both regions (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The official use of the combined name started only in the late period of Ottoman rule.
Jane Featherstone
Jane Elizabeth Featherstone  is an English television producer. She founded production company Sister Pictures in 2014, which was in 2019 absorbed into a new venture called Sister, a global TV and film production and development company co-founded by her along with Elisabeth Murdoch and  Stacey Snider. As of September 2025, she is CCO of Sister. Prior to that, she was the chief executive of Kudos and co-chairman of Shine UK, now part of Endemol Shine Group.

Kudos (production company)
Kudos is a British film and television production company. It has produced television series for the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Sky, Amazon and Netflix and its productions include Tin Star, Humans, Broadchurch, The Tunnel, Grantchester, Apple Tree Yard, Utopia, Spooks (US: MI5), Hustle and Life on Mars/Ashes to Ashes. In 2007, it was voted Best Independent Production Company by Broadcast magazine. Formed in 1992, since 2007 it has been part of the Shine Group. In 2007, it also set up the film unit, Kudos Pictures.  In 2011, the Shine Group was 100% acquired by News Corporation and was part of the 50–50 joint-venture Endemol Shine Group in 2015. On 3 July 2020, France-based Banijay bought the studio through former's acquisition of Endemol Shine Group.
Al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya
Al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. The village had a population of 5,180 in 2017.

In 2005 it merged with  the village of Abu Shukheidim to form the town of Al-Zaitounah.

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
31°55′59″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.933°N 35.205°E﻿ / 31.933; 35.205

The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رام الله والبيرة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rām Allāh wa l Bīra) is one of 16  governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or muhfaza (seat) is the city of al-Bireh.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the district had a population of 279,730 in 2007. Laila Ghannam serves as governor, the first woman in this role.
John G. Shields
John G. Shields (22 May 1811 – 25 June 1856) was an American politician.

Born in Grayson County, Kentucky, on 22 May 1811, Shields moved to land in the Black Hawk Purchase shortly after the treaty was signed. From 1835, he ran a store in the lead mines at what became Dubuque, Iowa, and sold goods throughout the lumber-producing regions of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Politically, Shields was affiliated with the Democratic Party. He served several terms as alderman in Dubuque and was elected later mayor of the city. Shields was elected to the Iowa Senate for the first time in District 15. He won reelection in the multi-member District 24, serving alongside Warner Lewis, Maturin L. Fisher, and William W. Hamilton. Shields died on 25 June 1856, while visiting St. Anthony, Minnesota, for health purposes.

Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque (/dəˈbjuːk/ ⓘ, dəb-YOOK) is a city in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 59,667 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Mississippi River at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation, resulting in a hilly topography unlike most of the Midwestern United States.

Dubuque is a regional tourist destination featuring the city's architecture, casinos, and riverside location. It is home to five institutions of higher education. While Dubuque has historically been a center of manufacturing, the local economy also includes health care, publishing, and financial service sectors.