hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lijnbaansgracht
Lijnbaansgracht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛimbaːnsˌxrɑxt]) is a partly filled-in canal in Amsterdam which bends beyond the boundary of the center, Amsterdam-Centrum. The canal runs parallel to the Singelgracht, between the Brouwersgracht and the Reguliersgracht.

Amsterdam-Centrum
Amsterdam-Centrum is the inner-most borough and historical city centre of Amsterdam, Netherlands, containing the majority of the city's landmarks. Established in 2002, Amsterdam-Centrum was the last area in the city to be granted the status of self-governing borough. The borough is 8.04 km2 and covers the UNESCO-listed Amsterdam canal belt. In 2013, the borough had approximately 85,000 inhabitants, who on average had the second-highest income per household in the city (after Amsterdam-Zuid) and one of the highest in the country.
DM-39 mine
The DM-39 is a German anti-personnel, cylindrical-shaped and plastic-made blast mine intended for emplacement under an anti-tank mine. It is pressure initiated and has a clockwork delayed arming mechanism, making it suitable for its anti-lift role. A secondary fuze well is located on the lower side of the mine, allowing for use of a secondary anti-disturbance fuze. The mine measures 100 by 40 mm with a 300-gram TNT/RDX explosive charge, with three variants of the same dimensions, the DM-39A1, the DM-68 and the DM-68A1.

The DM-39A1 is the metal-case version of the DM-68, a plastic-case training mine with a smoke charge device instead of an explosive one.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Eighth Brigade (Syria)
The Eighth Brigade was a unit of the 5th Corps established in 2018 in the Daraa Governorate, Syria during the Syrian civil war, composed primarily of rebels who had reconciled with the Assad regime in 2018. The faction joined the Southern Operations Room in December 2024 following the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives and disbanded in April 2025 after the killing of Bilal al-Droubi.

Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.
Bagley Wright
Bagley Wright (April 13, 1924 – July 18, 2011) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist. He was president of Bagley Wright Investments, was a developer of Seattle's landmark Space Needle and chair of Physio Control Corp. from 1968 until its acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company in 1980. Wright and his wife Virginia were well known art patrons and philanthropists.

Seattle Symphony
The Seattle Symphony is an American orchestra based in Seattle, Washington. Since 1998, the orchestra is resident at Benaroya Hall. The orchestra also serves as the accompanying orchestra for the Seattle Opera.
2011–12 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
The 2011–12 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represented Boise State University during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos, led by second-year head coach Leon Rice, played their home games at Taco Bell Arena and were first-year members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 13–17, 3–11 in Mountain West play, to finish in a tie for last place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Mountain West Basketball tournament to San Diego State.

2012 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2012 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament was  played at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada in March 2012. Sponsored by Conoco; it was the first tournament without BYU or Utah, but included newcomer Boise State.
John Oakley House
John Oakley House is a historic home located at West Hills in Suffolk County, New York. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, six-bay, gable-roofed dwelling with a 1-story, one-bay, gable-roofed west wing and one-bay, shed-roofed east wing. The original structure was built about 1720 and expanded in the 1780s.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

West Hills, New York
West Hills is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York. The population was 5,592 at the 2010 census. Residents share a post office with the hamlet of Huntington but much earlier in its history, West Hills had its own post office, located on Jericho Turnpike (formerly Middle Post Road). Also, it is adjacent to the hamlet of Woodbury.
Maurice Lafforgue
Maurice Lafforgue (26 March 1915 – 31 October 1999) was a French alpine skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics. He was born in Bagnères-de-Luchon and was the father of Britt Lafforgue and Ingrid Lafforgue. In 1936, he finished eleventh in the alpine skiing combined event.

Bagnères-de-Luchon
Bagnères-de-Luchon (French: [baɲɛʁ də lyʃɔ̃]; Occitan: Banhèras de Luishon), also referred to as just Luchon, is a commune and spa town in the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitanie region of south-western France.

The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Lenzi (surname)
Lenzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Lenzi (born 1988), Italian coxswain

Aurelio Lenzi (1891–1967), Italian athlete

Damiano Lenzi (born 1987), Italian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier, and soldier

Diego Lenzi (born 2001), Italian boxer

Eugene J. Lenzi,  American racing driver

Giovanni Battista Lenzi (1951–2009), Italian politician

Lio Lenzi (1898–1960), Italian politician

Mark Lenzi (1968–2012), American diver and diving coach

Michele Lenzi (1834–1886), Italian painter

Umberto Lenzi (1931–2017), Italian film director, screenwriter and novelist

Umberto Lenzi
Umberto Lenzi (6 August 1931 – 19 October 2017) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and novelist.

A fan of film since young age, Lenzi studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia and made his first film in 1958 which went unreleased, while his official debut happened in 1961 with Queen of the Seas. Lenzi's films of the 1960s followed popular trends of the era, which led to him directing several spy and erotic thriller films. He followed in suit in the 1970s making giallo films, crime films and making the first Italian cannibal film with Man from the Deep River. He continued making films up until the 1990s and later worked as a novelist writing a series of murder mysteries.
Canterbury railway station, Melbourne
Canterbury station is railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Belgrave and Lilydale lines, which are part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern suburb of Canterbury, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Canterbury station is an elevated unstaffed station, featuring three platforms, an island platform with two faces and one side platform. It opened on 1 December 1882, with the current station provided in 1968 and platform 3 in 1971.

Elevated railway
An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be a broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, rapid transit, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably many level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
Memorial to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao
The Memorial to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao is a museum in Tianjin. The three-story museum is dedicated to the  memory of premier Zhou Enlai and his wife, Deng Yingchao, and features photos, documents and dioramas of significant events in their lives. Situated in the entrance-hall are the white jade sitting statues of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao. In another exhibition hall there are over 140 artifacts recovered from Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao.

The museum is located near the Tianjin Water Park. In November 2017, it was honored as the Fifth National Civilized Unit. in December 2017, it was selected as one of the first batch of national study and practice education bases and camps for primary and middle school students by the Ministry of Education.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
György Csányi (politician)
György Csányi (Hungarian: Csányi György) was a Hungarian politician and official from the old noble Csányi family.

György (III) Csányi was born as the son of Ferenc (I) Csányi and his second wife Mária Akács. He had several siblings, including László II, a judge in Vas County. György III married Terézia Nagy de Zalaapáti, they had four children, including Antal I, a Hussar captain, and Márton III, who functioned as the crown prosecutor of Zala County from 1793 to 1797.

He served as first vice-ispán of Zala County from 22 January 1758 to 9 January 1760.

Hussar
A hussar was a member of a class of light cavalry, originally from the Kingdom of Hungary during the 15th and 16th centuries. The title and distinctive dress of these horsemen were subsequently widely adopted by light cavalry regiments in European armies during the late 17th and 18th centuries. By the 19th century, hussars were wearing jackets decorated with braid plus shako or busby fur hats and had developed a romanticized image of being dashing and adventurous.

Several modern armies retain the designation of hussars for armored (tank) units. In addition, a number of mounted units survive which wear historical hussar uniforms on parade or while providing ceremonial escorts.
Pseudoclanis postica
Pseudoclanis postica is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is known from South Africa and Zimbabwe.

The wingspan is 73–95 mm.

The larvae feed on Celtis species, Trema species, Chaetachme aristata, Ficus ingens.

Chaetachme
Chaetachme is a monotypic genus of flowering plants native to eastern and western Africa, including Madagascar, containing the single species Chaetachme aristata. Its English common name is thorny elm, and it is known as muyuyu in Kikuyu. Traditionally placed in the Elm family, it is more recently placed in the family Cannabaceae, thought to be possibly closely related to Celtis.

Chaetachme aristata is a shrub or small tree growing up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It has drooping, angular branches covered with spines up to 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) in length. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 11 centimetres (4.3 in) long by 5 centimetres (2.0 in) wide, pointed at the tip and smooth or serrated on the edges. The shrub is dioecious and sexually dimorphic, with male and female flower types borne on separate individuals, although it may also be monoecious.

This shrub is host to the mirid bug Volumnus chaetacme.

The spiny branches of the shrub are used as fences in African villages.
Joseba Sarrionandia
Joseba Sarrionandia Uribelarrea (Iurreta, Biscay, April 13, 1958) is a Basque writer who has published a large number of books of poetry and short stories, as well as novels. He has been awarded on numerous occasions for his work, and is nowadays a respected literary personality in the Basque Country.

In the early 80s, he was member of the Basque separatist group ETA. In 1985 he escaped from prison and since then he lived underground for decades while continuing to create and publish. In November 2016, it was revealed that he lives in Cuba, where he holds a position as lecturer at the University of Havana.

University of Havana
The University of Havana (UH; Spanish: Universidad de La Habana) is a public university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of Cuba. Founded on 5 January 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first to be founded in the Americas. Originally a religious institution, today the university has 15 faculties (colleges) at its Havana campus and distance learning centers throughout Cuba.
Origo (pragmatics)
In pragmatics, the origo is the reference point on which deictic relationships are based.

In most deictic systems, the origo identifies with the current speaker (or some property thereof). For instance, if the speaker, John, were to say "This is now my fish", then John would be the origo, and the deictic word "my" would be dependent on that fact. Likewise, his use of the word "this" and "now" communicate his properties, namely his location and point in time.

The word origo comes from Latin origo, which means "origin" (pl. origines). Origo is also the origin of the English word "origin".

This word also occurs in the term phrase fons et origo, meaning "source and origin" (fons, "source", et, "and", origo, "origin").

Fons et origo
Fons et origo is a Latin term meaning "source and origin". Typical usage of the term describes Athens as the fons et origo of democracy, or Italy as the fons et origo of classical music.  Lancelot Ware (1915–2000), the founder of Mensa, was awarded the honorary title Fons et Origo by the society in 1987.
1906 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1906 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 19th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1906 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Nowlan Park, Kilkenny, on 27 October 1907 between Dublin, represented by club side Faughs, and Tipperary, represented by club side Thurles. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3–16 to 3–8. Tipperary extended their unbeaten record in All Ireland Finals to seven wins out of seven.

Thurles Sarsfields GAA
Thurles Sarsfields is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "Mid-Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred in the town of Thurles at Semple Stadium. The club was founded in 1881 and is the most honoured club in the county, with 36 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship titles. Thurles Sarsfields are affiliated with the town's juvenile club Dúrlas Óg.
Social reformers of India
Social reformers are individuals who actively challenge and seek to change societal norms and structures that perpetuate inequality and injustice. Their work addresses systemic issues such as caste discrimination, gender bias, economic disparity, and access to education and healthcare. By advocating for the rights of marginalized communities, social reformers aim to dismantle oppressive practices and create a more just and equitable society.

Throughout history, social reformers have emerged in various cultural and political contexts, often using grassroots activism, legal reforms, and public advocacy to drive change. Their contributions not only highlight the struggles of disadvantaged groups but also inspire collective action and awareness about social issues.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Reginald H. Phillips
Reginald H. "Reggie" Phillips (born 1953) was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives who represented the 110th district. He was sworn into office in January 2015. During his tenure, the 110th district, located in Downstate Illinois, includes Coles, Cumberland, Clark, Crawford and Lawrence counties.

On September 22, 2017, Phillips announced he would not run for a third term. He was succeeded by Republican Chris Miller.

Clark County, Illinois
Clark County is a county located in the southeastern part of U.S. state of Illinois, along the Indiana state line. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,455. Its county seat is Marshall. The county was named for George Rogers Clark, an officer who served in the American Revolution.
Bass Lake (Marin County, California)
Bass Lake is a small lake in the southern portion of the Point Reyes National Seashore, northwest of Bolinas. The lake sits at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m) and flows out south to the ocean via a 1-mile (1.6 km) creek. Bass Lake is the largest of the five Coast Trail Lakes, which also include Pelican Lake, Crystal Lake, Ocean Lake and Wildcat Lake.

Bolinas, California
Bolinas is an unincorporated coastal community in Marin County, California, United States. It is located on the California coast, approximately 13 miles (21 km) (straight line distance) northwest of San Francisco, and 27 miles (43 km) by road. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2020 census it had a population of 1,483.
Nina Grønnum
Nina Grønnum (Danish: [ˈninæ ˈkʁɶnɔm]; born 1 March 1945 in Copenhagen) is a Danish retired phonetician and associate professor emeritus from the University of Copenhagen. She is best known for her work on the pronunciation of Danish and especially her many studies on Danish intonation and prosody. She went by her married name Nina Thorsen or Nina Grønnum Thorsen until the 1980s.

She is included in Krak's Blue Book and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters since 2003, and has been a fellow of The Society of Sciences in Lund member of the Council of the International Phonetic Association and vice institute leader of Institute of Nordic Studies and Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen.

She has been on the editorial boards of Acta Linguistica Hafniensia,  the Journal of the International Phonetic Association and Nordic Journal of Linguistics.

Copenhagen School (linguistics)
The Copenhagen School is a group of scholars dedicated to the study of linguistics, centered around Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965) and the Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen (French: Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague, Danish: Lingvistkredsen), founded by him and Viggo Brøndal (1887–1942).: 160  In the mid-twentieth century, the Copenhagen school was one of the most important centres of linguistic structuralism, together with the Geneva School and the Prague School. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the Copenhagen school's approach to linguistics has evolved from purely structural to functionalist, culminating in Danish functional linguistics—which, despite the "functional" moniker, nonetheless incorporates many insights from the founders of the Linguistic Circle.
Kangean people
The Kangean people (Kangean: Oréng Kangéan; Indonesian: Orang Kangean; IPA: Indonesian: [kaˈŋean], Javanese: [kaˈŋe(j)an]) is an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Kangean and its surrounding islands. The Kangeanese population of c.125,840 live mostly on the island of Kangean, making up c.90% of the island's population.

Maguindanao people
The Maguindanaon people are an Austronesian ethnic group from the Philippines. The Maguindanaon are part of wider political identity of Muslims known as Moro, who constitute the third largest ethnic group of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan. The Maguindanaons constitute the ninth largest Filipino ethnic group and are known for being distinguished in the realm of visual art. They have been renowned as metalworkers, producing the wavy-bladed keris ceremonial swords and other weapons, as well as gongs. The Maguindanaons historically had an independent sultanate known as the Sultanate of Maguindanao which comprises modern day Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, Zamboanga Peninsula, Davao Region and Soccsksargen. The name "Maguindanao/Magindanaw" itself was corrupted by Spanish sources into "Mindanao", which became the name for the entire island of Mindanao.
TRV250
TRV250 is a δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist which is under development for the treatment of migraine. It is taken orally. The drug shows high selectivity for the DOR over the μ- and κ-opioid receptors. It is a biased agonist of the DOR, with preference for activation of G protein signaling over β-arrestin2 signaling. TRV250 produces analgesic, antimigraine-like, antidepressant-like, and anxiolytic-like effects in rodents. In addition, it has dramatically reduced proconvulsant activity relative to non-biased DOR agonists in rodents and monkeys, with a 50- to 80-fold margin between analgesia and seizures. TRV250 is being developed by Trevena. As of April 2025, the drug is in phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of migraine. No recent development has been reported for treatment of CNS disorders, while development for treatment of neuropathic pain and Parkinson's disease was discontinued. TRV250 was first described in the scientific literature in 2015.

Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain may be associated with abnormal sensations called dysesthesia or pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). It may have continuous and/or episodic (paroxysmal) components. The latter resemble stabbings or electric shocks. Common qualities include burning or coldness, "pins and needles" sensations, numbness and itching.

Up to 7–8% of the European population is affected by neuropathic pain, and in 5% of persons it may be severe. The pain may result from disorders of the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Neuropathic pain may occur in isolation or in combination with other forms of pain. Medical treatments focus on identifying the underlying cause and relieving pain. In cases of peripheral neuropathy, the pain may progress to insensitivity.