hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 in Japan
Events in the year 2019 in Japan.

In the history of Japan, it marks the last year of Heisei period, Heisei 31 (平成31年 Heisei sanjūichinen), after the abdication of Emperor Akihito on April 30, and the beginning of the Reiwa period, Reiwa 1 (令和元年 Reiwa gannen, gannen means "first year"), from May 1 under the reign of his eldest son, current Japanese emperor Naruhito. Thus, 2019 corresponds to the transition between Heisei and Reiwa in the Japanese calendar.

Japanese calendar
Japanese calendar types have included a range of official and unofficial systems. At present, Japan uses the Gregorian calendar together with year designations stating the year of the reign of the current Emperor. The written form starts with the year, then the month and finally the day, coinciding with the ISO 8601 standard.

For example, February 16, 2003, can be written as either 2003年2月16日 or 平成15年2月16日 (the latter following the regnal year system). 年 reads nen and means "year", 月 reads gatsu and means "month", and finally 日 (usually) reads nichi (its pronunciation depends on the number that precedes it, see below) and means "day".

Prior to the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1873, the reference calendar was based on the lunisolar Chinese calendar.
Mildred Kelly
Mildred Catherine Kelly (January 24, 1928 – January 27, 2003) served in the United States Army from March 1947 to April 1976. She became the first African American woman to hold the rank of sergeant major and command sergeant major in the US Army and became the first female command sergeant major of a predominantly male Army installation.

Command sergeant major
A command sergeant major (CSM) is a non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army. The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted member of a color-bearing Army unit (battalion or higher). The CSM is appointed to serve as a spokesman to address the issues of all soldiers, from enlisted to officers, from warrant officers and lieutenants to the Army's highest positions. As such, they are the senior enlisted advisor to the commander. The exact duties vary depending on the unit commander, including observing training and talking with soldiers and their families.
Shii
Shii can refer to:

Shi'a Islam

The Japanese name of the tree genus Castanopsis

Shii-chan, the cat from Kamichama Karin

Kazuo Shii, Chairman of the Japanese Communist Party

Japanese ship Shii, several Japanese ships

Kazuo Shii
Kazuo Shii (志位 和夫, Shii Kazuo; born 29 July 1954) is a Japanese politician who has been the chairman of the Central Committee of the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) since 2024. He previously served as the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the JCP from 24 November 2000 to 18 January 2024.

Born in Yotsukaidō in Chiba Prefecture, Shii first joined the JCP while studying engineering physics at the University of Tokyo. He participated in the JCP's Tokyo Committee after graduation, and worked in the Party Central Committee from 1982. He became the head of the secretariat in 1990, and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives in 1993. He became the chairman of the Party Executive Committee in 2000. He led the party until 18 January 2024, when he resigned as the executive committee chairman, and was succeeded by Tomoko Tamura. On the same day, Shii was appointed as the chairman of the Central Committee.
Tokyo Watanabe Bank
Tokyo Watanabe Bank (東京渡辺銀行, Tōkyō Watanabe Ginkō), originally named the Twenty-Seventh National Bank (第二十七国立銀行, Dai-Nijūshichi Kokuritsu Ginkō), was a commercial bank based in Tokyo, Japan.

It was founded in 1877 and managed by Watanabe Jiemon IX, who ranked as the fifth wealthiest landlord in Tokyo City during the first decade of the 20th century. Upon his death in 1909, his son Genjiro took over presidency and renamed himself Watanabe Jiemon X.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Fauzi Hamdan
Fauzi Hamdan Amad (born 17 April 1943) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the National Action Party. He is from a Lebanese father (Bater Ech-Chouf) and a Lebanese mother (Barouk). As of 2014 he served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District and as Deputy of the LV and LVII Legislatures. He is a former rector of the Escuela Libre de Derecho.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
The Jaunt
"The Jaunt" is a horror short story by Stephen King first published in The Twilight Zone Magazine in 1981, and collected in King's 1985 collection Skeleton Crew. The story takes place early in the 24th century, when the technology for teleportation, referred to as "Jaunting", is commonplace, allowing for nearly instantaneous transportation across enormous distances, even to other planets in the Solar System. But the process is very specific, and has dire consequences if it goes wrong. The term "Jaunting" is stated within the short story to be an homage to The Stars My Destination, a science fiction novel by Alfred Bester.

Teleportation
Teleportation is the hypothetical transfer of matter or energy from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them. It is a common subject in science fiction and fantasy literature. Teleportation is often paired with time travel, being that the traveling between the two points takes an unknown period of time, sometimes being immediate. An apport is a similar phenomenon featured in parapsychology and spiritualism.

There is no known physical mechanism that would allow for teleportation. Some scientific papers and media articles describe "quantum teleportation", a scheme for quantum information transfer, which does not allow for faster-than-light communication.
Polarstar Ridge
Polarstar Ridge (71°49′S 70°29′W﻿ / ﻿71.817°S 70.483°W﻿ / -71.817; -70.483) is a jagged ridge, 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, trending southwest from The Obelisk in the Staccato Peaks, situated in the southern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The ridge was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after the Polar Star, the low-wing monoplane from which Lincoln Ellsworth, with pilot Herbert Hollick-Kenyon, discovered and photographed this ridge and the Staccato Peaks on November 23, 1935.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
2016 ITF Women's Circuit – Shenzhen
The 2016 ITF Women's Circuit – Shenzhen was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Shenzhen, China, on 11–17 April 2016.

Liang Chen
Liang Chen (Chinese: 梁辰; pinyin: Liáng Chén; born 25 February 1989) is a former professional Chinese tennis player.

Liang has a career-high singles ranking of 342, achieved on 21 September 2009. Her career-high WTA doubles ranking of 35, she reached on 26 October 2015.

Liang made her WTA Tour main-draw doubles debut, partnering Zhou Yimiao at the 2009 Guangzhou International Women's Open. They lost in the first round to Peng Shuai and Xu Yifan.

At the 2011 Guangzhou International Women's Open, partnering Tian Ran, they defeated Alona Bondarenko and Mariya Koryttseva 4–6, 6–3, [12–10] in the first round before losing to the second seeds Alberta Brianti and Petra Martić in the quarterfinals.

Playing for China Fed Cup team, she has a win-loss record of 3–2.
W. Bailey House
The W. Bailey House, also known as the Redstone Building, is a historic house in Eveleth, Minnesota, United States.  It was built 1905 using rusticated, rose-dyed concrete brick with matching stone trim.    The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the theme of architecture.  It was nominated for being Eveleth's leading example of Queen Anne architecture.

Eveleth, Minnesota
Eveleth is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,493 at the 2020 census. Eveleth is part of the Quad Cities, with Virginia, Gilbert, and Mountain Iron. U.S. Highway 53 and State Highway 37 (MN 37) are two of the main routes that run through the city.

Eveleth was the site of the conflict that resulted in the court case Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Co., and is the site of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.
Józef Sułkowski
Józef Sułkowski (French: Joseph Sulkowski; 1770 or 1773 – 22 October 1798, Cairo, Egypt) was a Polish captain in the French Revolutionary Army and friend and aide de camp to Napoleon Bonaparte. He also became friends with Muiron, Vivant Denon, Lazare Carnot, Augereau, and Bourienne. His name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe, on the 28th column, as SULKOSKY.

Vivant Denon
Dominique Vivant, Baron Denon (French pronunciation: [dɔminik vivɑ̃ baʁɔ̃ dənɔ̃]; 4 January 1747 – 27 April 1825) was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. Denon was a diplomat for France under Louis XV and Louis XVI. He was appointed as the first director of the Louvre museum by Napoleon after the Egyptian campaign of 1798–1801, and is commemorated in the Denon Wing of the Louvre museum and in the Dominique-Vivant Denon Research Center.  His two-volume Voyage dans la basse et la haute Egypte ("Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt"), 1802, was foundational for modern Egyptology.
Rotaries in Massachusetts
This is a list of roundabouts in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Intersections that are called traffic circles or roundabouts in the rest of the US are referred to as "rotaries" in Massachusetts, as well as other parts of New England including parts of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

In 2017, MassDOT announced that it was eliminating rotaries in favor of roundabouts.  In 2020 it issued guidance on the design and planning for roundabouts.

Massachusetts Route 2
Route 2 is a 142.29-mile-long (228.99 km) major east–west state highway in Massachusetts, United States. Along with Route 9 and U.S. Route 20 to the south, these highways are the main alternatives to the Massachusetts Turnpike/I-90 toll highway. Route 2 runs the entire length of the northern tier of Massachusetts, beginning at the New York border, where it connects with New York State Route 2, and ending near Boston Common in Boston. Older alignments of Route 2 are known as Route 2A.
Chôros No. 3
Chôros No. 3, "Pica-pau" (Woodpecker) is a work for male choir or instrumental septet, or both together, written in 1925 by the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos. It forms a part of a series of fourteen numbered compositions collectively titled Chôros, ranging from solos for guitar and for piano up to works scored for soloist or chorus with orchestra or multiple orchestras. and in duration up to over an hour. Chôros No. 3 is one of the shorter members of the series, a performance lasting about three-and-a-half minutes.

Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887 – November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has globally become one of the most recognizable South American composers in music history. A prolific composer, he wrote many orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works, totaling over 2,000 works by his death in 1959. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and stylistic elements from the European classical tradition, as exemplified by his Bachianas Brasileiras (Brazilian Bach-pieces) and his Chôros. His Etudes for classical guitar (1929), dedicated to Andrés Segovia, and his 5 Preludes (1940), dedicated to his spouse Arminda Neves d'Almeida, a.k.a. "Mindinha", are important works in the classical guitar repertory.
Iyela
Iyela is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Urban district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 34,864 people in the ward, from 31,634 in 2012.: 95 : 119

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus
The Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus (Yiddish: דער ייִדישער פֿילהאַרמאָנישער כאָר der yidisher filharmonisher khor) is a 35– to 40–voice New York City-based chorus which performs exclusively in the Yiddish language. Binyumen Schaechter has been its musical director since 1995. The chorus is distinctive for its focus on musicianship, accurate Yiddish pronunciation, expressiveness, and largely original repertoire.

The Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus traces its origins to 1923, when Lazar Weiner and Jacob Schaefer founded the Freiheit Gezang Farein, which was associated with Communist politics. In 1948, hoping to distance itself from its former political stance, it was renamed the Jewish People’s Philharmonic Chorus (Yidisher filharmonisher folkskhor). It adopted its current name in 2021.

International Workers Order
The International Workers Order (IWO) was an insurance, mutual benefit and fraternal organization founded in 1930 and disbanded in 1954 as the result of legal action undertaken by the state of New York in 1951 on the grounds that the organization was too closely linked to the Communist Party.  At its height in the years immediately following World War II, the IWO reached nearly 200,000 members and provided low-cost health and life insurance, medical and dental clinics, and supported foreign-language newspapers, cultural and educational activities.  The organization also operated a summer camp and cemeteries for its members.
Sikandar Ali Mandhro
Dr. Sikandar Ali Mandhro (Sindhi: ڊاڪٽر سڪندر علي مينڌرو‎; 7 July 1943 – 11 June 2022) was a Pakistani politician hailing from Badin District, Sindh, Pakistan, who belonged to Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians. He was facing Cardiovascular Disease .

Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians
The Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a Pakistani political party and an electoral extension of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). It was created in 2002 by Amin Fahim after Pervez Musharraf's government imposed restrictions on the PPP and its chairperson Benazir Bhutto to participate in Pakistani politics.

In January 2017, Asif Ali Zardari was elected as the President of PPPP.
Portneuf River (Capitale-Nationale)
The Rivière Portneuf is a tributary of the north shore of the Saint-Laurent river, crossing the municipalities of Saint-Raymond, Pont-Rouge, Sant-Basile and Portneuf, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

Saint-Raymond, Quebec
Saint-Raymond (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁɛmɔ̃]), also called Saint-Raymond de Portneuf ([sɛ̃ ʁɛmɔ̃ də pɔʁnœf]), is a city in Quebec, Canada, located about 63 kilometres (39 mi) north-west of Quebec City. It is the largest city in population and area of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality.
Abu Qilqil
Abu Qilqil (Arabic: أبو قلقل, also transliterated Abu Qalqal or Qibab Abu Qalqal) is a town in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. The village is located some 10 km (6.2 mi) to the northwest of the Tishreen Dam on the Tishreen Plain, part of the larger Manbij Plain. Nearby localities include district center Manbij 16 km (9.9 mi) to the northwest. In the 2004 census, it had a population of 2,742.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Florestano Pepe
Lieutenant-General Florestano Pepe (March 4, 1778 – April 3, 1851) was an Italian army officer. He was brother to the more famous general Guglielmo Pepe and cousin to Gabriele Pepe.

Pepe was born in Squillace (Calabria) and entered the Two Sicilies army at young age. In 1799 he was amongst the defenders of the Neapolitan Republic. Defeated by the Bourbon troops under Cardinal Ruffo, he was captured and exiled to France.

He fought in numerous battles of the Napoleonic Wars under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat. He was chief of staff of the Neapolitan Division of Marshal Suchet's army in the Peninsular War (1809), and took part in the Russian Campaign of 1812. He was also a protagonist of the Neapolitan Revolution of 1820; wounded, he retired to private life.

Florestano Pepe died in Naples in 1851.

Louis-Gabriel Suchet
Louis-Gabriel Suchet, duc d'Albuféra (French pronunciation: [lwi ɡabʁijɛl syʃɛ]; 2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826), was a French Marshal of the Empire and one of the most successful commanders of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. During the Peninsular War (part of the Napoleonic Wars), he was remembered as a skilled administrator. He is placed among the greatest commanders of the Napoleonic Wars.
Rocky's Rapids
Rocky's Rapids is a Log Flume ride at Indiana Beach, in Monticello, Indiana. The ride is located next to the Cornball Express, and boats occasionally duel with trains from the roller coaster. The park does not have a Rapids ride, so this is one of the park's only water rides. The ride is located near Cornball Express and is also not far from Indiana Beach's two other coasters, Hoosier Hurricane and the steel coaster, Steel Hawg.

Monticello, Indiana
Monticello (/ˌmɒntɪˈsɛloʊ/ ⓘ MON-tiss-EL-oh) is a city in and the county seat of White County, Indiana, United States. The population was 5,508 at the 2020 census. Monticello is known as a tourist destination in north-central Indiana and is home to the Indiana Beach amusement park on Lake Shafer, and Lake Freeman.
North East Urban (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
North East Fijian Urban Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate was non-contiguous, covering the northern towns of Labasa and Savusavu.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

Labasa
Labasa (Fijian pronunciation: [lamˈbasa] ⓘ, Fiji Hindi: लम्बासा) is a town in Fiji with a population of 28,500 at the 2010 census.

Labasa is located in Macuata Province, in the north-eastern part of the island of Vanua Levu, and is the largest town on the island. The town itself is located on a delta formed by three rivers – the Wailevu, the Labasa (after which the town is named), and the Qawa.

The township (unlike in the past) is now less dependent on the sugar industry. The farmers' market offers seasonal produce and seafood. The main street is lined with small family run businesses, supermarkets and restaurants offering a lively pedestrian thoroughfare.
Dresden County Reichstag constituency
The Dresden County Reichstag constituency was constituency No. 6 in the Kingdom of Saxony which returned a deputy to the German Reichstag. It was based upon the rural area around Dresden.

Following the North German Confederation Treaty the Kingdom of Saxon entered the North German Confederation in 1866. As a consequence, the Kingdom returned Deputies to the Reichstag. After the founding of the German Empire on 18 January 1871, the deputies were returned to the Reichstag of the German Empire. Following this Saxony participated in Reichstag elections from February 1867. Dresden County Reichstag constituency returned a series of Reichstag Deputies until 1919 when the existing constituencies were scrapped.

Reichstag (North German Confederation)
The Reichstag (German: [ˈʁaɪçstaːk] ⓘ) of the North German Confederation was the federal state's lower house of parliament. The popularly elected Reichstag was responsible for federal legislation together with the Bundesrat, the upper house whose members were appointed by the governments of the individual states to represent their interests. Executive power lay with the Bundesrat and the king of Prussia acting as Bundespräsidium, or head of state. The Reichstag debated and approved or rejected taxes and expenditures and could propose laws in its own right. To become effective, all laws required the approval of both the Bundesrat and the Reichstag. Voting rights in Reichstag elections were advanced for the time, granting universal, equal, and secret suffrage to men above the age of 25.

When the German Empire was established in 1871, the North German Reichstag formed the basis of the new Reichstag of the German Empire.