hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tauba Biterman
Tauba Biterman (September 10, 1917, sometimes listed as 1918 – November 11, 2019) was a Holocaust survivor from Zamość, Poland. She dedicated her life to teaching and sharing memories of the Holocaust. Her speeches painted a realistic portrait of what a Jewish girl from Poland went through between 1939 and 1945.

Biterman's story differs from the stories of other Jewish Holocaust survivors because she was forced to abandon her identity during the war years, live an underground existence, and never was in a Concentration Camp. She was in the Dubno ghetto in Volhynia, but managed to escape with the help of a non-Jewish man she knew. During the period of 1939–1945, she was separated from her family and entirely removed from Jewish life.

Dubno
Dubno (Ukrainian: Дубно, IPA: [ˈdubno] ⓘ; Polish: Dubno) is a city and municipality located on the Ikva River in Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Dubno Raion (district). The city is located on intersection of two major European routes, E40 and E85. The city is estimated to have a population of 36,901 (2022 estimate).  It is located within the historic region of Volhynia.

In Soviet times it was home to the Cold War facility Dubno air base. The city is also famous for its castle.
Sandrine Péché
Sandrine Péché (born 1977) is a French mathematician who works as a professor in the Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation of Paris Diderot University. Her research concerns probability theory, mathematical physics, and the theory and applications of random matrices.

After studying at the École normale supérieure de Cachan,
Péché earned a Ph.D. from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, in 2002, under the supervision of Gérard Ben Arous.
She taught at the University of Grenoble before moving to Paris Diderot in 2011.

She served as the editor-in-chief of Electronic Communications in Probability from 2015 to 2017.
She was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2014.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Kirkhill Forest
57°11′39″N 2°14′30″W﻿ / ﻿57.194262°N 2.241597°W﻿ / 57.194262; -2.241597

Kirkhill Forest is a forest in Scotland, situated to the north-west of Aberdeen, on the north side of the A96 between the villages of Dyce and Blackburn. Kirkhill is a working forest with a network of paths for walking, a permanent orienteering trail, and a mountain bike fun park.

A96 road
The A96 is a major road in the north of Scotland.

It runs generally west/north-west from Aberdeen, bypassing Blackburn, Kintore, Inverurie, Huntly, Fochabers and Forres, and running through Keith, Elgin and Nairn. The road terminates at the A9 outside Inverness.
Samantha Castillo
Samantha Castillo (born March 12, 1980, in Miranda, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actress born in a small village near the capital Caracas. She has a degree in Performing Arts, graduated from the Central University of Venezuela and has been trained in different acting techniques, she also studied at the International Academy of Film and Television.

She has been acting since she was 15. She has appeared in several stage productions and became popular with the film Pelo Malo, a film by Mariana Rondon, winner of "Golden Shell (La Concha de Oro)" at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.

She also won the prize as best actress at Torino Film Festival 2013 where the jury president was Paolo Virzi.

The Venezuelan Film Academy recognized her as the best leading actress in 2018.

International Academy of Film and Television
The International Academy of Film and Television (IAFT) is a trade film school offering diploma and certificate programs in filmmaking, acting, and 3D animation. IAFT includes significant amounts of hands-on practical experience under the care and guidance of recognized industry mentors in its programs. IAFT Cebu was also voted as "one of the best film schools in the world" by the Hollywood Reporter.
Il giorno (poem)
"Il giorno" ("The Day") is a poem written by Giuseppe Parini (1729–1799), first published in 1763. It is an ironic and satirical representation of the aristocracy of his time. His poem represents the beginning of polite literature in Italy.

It was originally divided into three parts: Il mattino, Il mezzogiorno and La sera ("Morning", "Midday" and "Evening"). The last part was later divided into two separate parts, Il vespro and La notte ("Evening" and "Night").

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Thirteenth Avenue (Brooklyn)
Thirteenth Avenue (or 13th Avenue) is a roughly 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) street in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Thirteenth Avenue is the commercial center of the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park, and Dyker Heights.

13th Avenue starts at 36th Street in Kensington. It maintains a relatively straight route through Borough Park and ends at 86th Street in Dyker Heights. The avenue is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. It is part of a one-way pair with Fourteenth Avenue, being one-way southbound to 60th Street (14th Avenue is one-way northbound north of New Utrecht Avenue and 60th Street). While New York neighborhoods have no official boundaries, the two neighborhoods meet approximately in the area of 65th Street.

In an approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) section traversing Borough Park, the street contains a huge variety of stores, businesses and food establishments catering to the local and international Haredi Jewish community.

One-way pair
A one-way pair, one-way couple, or couplet refers to that portion of a bi-directional traffic facility – such as a road, bus, streetcar, or light rail line – where its opposing flows exist as two independent and roughly parallel facilities.
Museu das Comunicações
The Museu das Comunicações is a technology museum in Lisbon, Portugal. Dedicated to promote the study, conservation and dissemination of the historical, scientific and technological communications heritage, the museum focuses on the history of communication, particularly in Portugal. The museum opened on 6 October 1997.

History of communication
The history of communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) have evolved in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange to full conversations and mass communication. The history of communication itself can be traced back since the origin of speech circa 100,000 BCE. The use of technology in communication may be considered since the first use of symbols about 30,000 years BCE. Among the symbols used, there are cave paintings, petroglyphs, pictograms and ideograms. Writing was a major innovation, as well as printing technology and, more recently, telecommunications and the Internet.
Carnival Luminosa
Carnival Luminosa (formerly Costa Luminosa) is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Originally built as Costa Luminosa, the ship entered service on 5 May 2009. Her design is a hybrid, using elements of Spirit and Vista classes. A sister ship, Costa Deliziosa, was launched in February 2010 and is based on the same design. Costa Luminosa departed Civitavecchia, Italy, on 3 June 2009, on her 13-night maiden voyage, with ports of call in Savona, Saint-Tropez, Barcelona, Lisbon, Le Havre and Amsterdam.

On 14 June 2022, it was announced that Costa Luminosa would be transferred to the fleet of Carnival Cruise Line, receiving the name Carnival Luminosa. She began sailing for Carnival in November 2022.

Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia (Italian: [ˌtʃivitaˈvɛkkja], lit. 'Ancient Town'; Latin: Centumcellae, and later, Civitas Vetus) is a city and major sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea 60 kilometres (37 miles) west-northwest of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Administratively, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Civitavecchia's harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater on which stands a lighthouse.
Clay Cross Urban District
Clay Cross was an Urban District in Derbyshire, England, from 1894 to 1974. It was created under the Local Government Act 1894.

It was enlarged in 1935 when parts of the civil parishes of Pilsley, Stretton, Tupton and Woodthorpe were transferred to the district from Chesterfield Rural District.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and combined with Dronfield Urban District and Chesterfield Rural District (except the civil parish of Brimington) to form the new North East Derbyshire district.

Stretton, Derbyshire
Stretton is a small village and civil parish in Derbyshire, England. The population of the civil parish as at the 2011 Census was 525.  It is near the towns of Clay Cross and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Alfreton on the A61. The nearest waterways are the River Amber and Smithy Brook. Since 1964, Stretton has been beside Ogston Reservoir which still has the remains of a pub (Napoleon's Home) and a light railway within its depths. Stretton Handley CE (VC) Primary School, on Badger Lane, had 53 pupils on roll as at September 2024. In 2022, the school had a 100 percent pass rating on SATS.

The parish includes the settlement of Woolley Moor. There was once a railway station — Stretton railway station.

Stretton means "settlement on a Roman Road" (from the Old English stræt and tun). In this case the road is Ryknild Street.
816 Juliana
816 Juliana is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It measures 59.85k in diameter. It was discovered on 8 February 1916 by Max Wolf at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg, Germany.

Wolf probably chose the name to honour Princess Juliana (later Queen Juliana of the Netherlands); he had previously named 392 Wilhelmina after her mother.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Gourette
Gourette (French: [ɡuʁɛt]; Béarnese: Goreta) is a winter sports resort in the French Pyrenees. It is located in the commune of Eaux-Bonnes in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine on the D 918 road which passes through the Col d'Aubisque mountain pass.  The closest air access is Pau Pyrénées Airport. The resort is at an altitude of 1,400 m (4,600 ft) with a ski area of 140 ha (350 acres) and 42 km (26 mi) of marked slopes. The ski area extends between 1,350 and 2,450 m (4,430 and 8,040 ft) above sea level. Gourette is part of the N'PY group of ski resorts.

Pau Pyrénées Airport
Pau Pyrénées Airport (French: Aéroport Pau Pyrénées) (IATA: PUF, ICAO: LFBP) is an airport serving Pau, France. It is located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Pau in Uzein, a commune of the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (named for the Pyrénées mountains and the Atlantic Ocean).
Nicol Gastaldi
Nicol Gastaldi (born 16 February 1990 in Piove di Sacco, Italy) is an alpine skier from Argentina.  She competed for Argentina at the 2010 Winter Olympics.  Her best result was a 48th place in the giant slalom. Gastaldi also competed for Argentina at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Her brother is also a skier, Sebastiano Gastaldi.

Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom
The women's giant slalom competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Creekside in Whistler, British Columbia, on February 24. Following the first run, the event was postponed due to heavy fog in the afternoon; the second run was held the next morning, February 25.

Viktoria Rebensburg of Germany won the gold medal, her first victory in international competition.  Her previous best finish was second place at a GS a month earlier, her only World Cup podium.
William John Loucks
William John Loucks (26 June 1873 – 2 September 1968) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Battersea, Ontario and became a farmer.

Loucks attended schools at Battersea and Kingston. For 15 years, he served as president of the Delisle Telephone Company.

He was elected to Parliament at the Rosetown riding in the 1930 general election. After serving a term in the 17th Canadian Parliament, Loucks was defeated by Major James Coldwell of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1935 federal election, after riding boundaries were changed to replace the Rosetown riding with the new Rosetown—Biggar electoral district.

17th Canadian Parliament
The 17th Canadian Parliament was in session from 8 September 1930, until 14 August 1935.  The membership was set by the 1930 federal election on 28 July 1930, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1935 election.

It was controlled by a Conservative Party majority under Prime Minister Richard Bedford Bennett and the 15th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by William Lyon Mackenzie King.

The Speaker was first George Black, and later James Langstaff Bowman.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1924-1933 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

It was the third longest parliament in Canadian history.

There were six sessions of the 17th Parliament:
Ben Nutley
Ben Nutley (born 7 April 1992) is an English rugby union player for RFU Championship side Coventry RFC. He began his career at hometown club Luton RFC before joining Saints' Academy in 2010. He plays as a Flanker or a Lock.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Ginés
Ginés is a Spanish personal name.  It is the form of the Roman name "Genesius". People with this name include:

Ginés de la Jara, Spanish saint of the Early Middle Ages

Ginés González García (1945–2024), Minister of Health and Environment of Argentina

Ginés Pérez de Hita (1544-ca. 1605), Spanish novelist and poet

Ginés de Mafra (1493-1546), Spanish explorer

Ginés Pérez de la Parra (ca. 1548-1600), Valencian composer

Diana Sanz Ginés (born 2005), Spanish gymnast

Erica Sanz Ginés (born 2003), Spanish gymnast

Diana Sanz Ginés
Diana Sanz Ginés (born 2005) is a Spanish athlete who competes in trampoline gymnastics. Her older sister Erica Sanz Ginés competes in the same sport.

She won a bronze medal at the 2024 European Trampoline Championships.
Melchizedek I of Georgia
Melchizedek I (Georgian: მელქისედეკ I) was the first Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, from 1010 to 1033, reigning from Ani. He is revered as a saint by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Before him, heads of the Georgian Church only bore the title of Catholicos of Kartli. The unification of Georgia into a single kingdom by Bagrat III (r. 975–1014) led to the change in title.

In 1031, Melchizedek successfully petitioned Bagrat III for tax immunity for the Church, demonstrating the important power the Church had at the time and its influence over the State.

He visited Constantinople several times, and met with the Byzantine Emperor Basil II.

Melchizedek was glorified by the Georgian Orthodox Church on October 17, 2002. His feast is celebrated on October 1.

Glorification
Glorification may have several meanings in Christianity. The Nicene Creed states that God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are glorified. From the Catholic canonization to the similar sainthood of the Eastern Orthodox Church to salvation in Christianity in Protestant beliefs, the glorification of the human condition can be a long and arduous process.
Cameron Wheatley
Cameron Wheatley (born 16 April 1992) is an Australian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Cricket Australia XI during Pakistan's tour of Australia on 8 December 2016. He opened the bowling on his first-class debut, finishing with figures of 2/63 for the match. During the second innings of his first-class debut, he was caught at slip after edging the ball to former Pakistan cricket captain Younis Khan. Wheatley was named in Tasmania's 13-man squad for their pink ball 2015–16 Sheffield Shield season match against Queensland. Wheatley earned a full state contract for the Tasmanian Tigers for the 2016–17 season. He played Tasmanian grade cricket for Kingborough Cricket Club.

Queensland cricket team
The Queensland men's cricket team (also known as the Queensland Bulls) are an Australian men's professional cricket team based in Queensland. The team competes in Sheffield Shield, the highest level of Australia domestic first class cricket, since the 1926–27 season, as well as the One-Day Cup, the highest level of Australian domestic one-day, since its inception in 1969–70. They also competed in the now defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash.
SpotHero
SpotHero is a digital parking marketplace that connects drivers looking to reserve and pay for parking spaces with parking lots, parking garages and valet services. The company, which operates a mobile app and website as well as a parking developer platform, is available in over 300 cities in the United States and Canada. The company is based in Chicago, Illinois.

In February 2026 it was announced that SpotHero would be acquired by Uber, with the closing expected to take place later in the year.

Parking
Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions.  Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users.  Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces.

Car parking is essential to car-based travel. Cars are typically stationary around 95 percent of the time. The availability and price of car parking may support car dependency. Significant amounts of urban land are devoted to car parking; in many North American city centers, half or more of all land is devoted to car parking.
Drawbar pull
In automotive engineering, drawbar pull is the amount of horizontal force available to a vehicle at the drawbar for accelerating or pulling a load.

Drawbar pull is a function of velocity, and in general decreases as the speed of the vehicle increases (due both to increasing resistance and decreasing transmission gear ratios).  Drawbar pull is the difference between tractive effort available and tractive effort required to overcome resistance at a specified speed.

Drawbar pull data for a vehicle is usually determined by measuring the amount of available tractive force using a dynamometer, and then combining that data with coastdown data to obtain the available drawbar pull force at each speed.

Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine.

A transmission can have a single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in many kinds of machinery, especially vehicles.
Tolulope Akande-Sadipe
Tolulope Akande-Sadipe (born March 29, 1966) is a Nigerian politician from Oyo State, Nigeria. She represents Oluyole Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives and is the only female Federal lawmaker from Oyo State. She is the chairman of the House Committee on Diaspora.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Sudurağı railway station
Sudurağı station is a station in the Karaman Province of Turkey. Located just south of Sudurağı, 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the town center. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily intercity train from Konya to Adana, which stops at the station.

Sudurağı station is 119 km (74 mi) southeast of Konya station and 250.9 km (155.9 mi) northwest of Adana station.

Konya railway station
Konya station (Turkish: Konya garı) is an inter-city railway station serving the central anatolian city of Konya. It serves as the southern terminus of the Polatlı–Konya high-speed railway with YHT high-speed trains from Ankara and Istanbul servicing the station. Inter-city trains to İzmir and Adana also terminate at the station. In 2011, the station was expanded, modernized and electrified to accommodate the new YHT high-speed rail service.

The train station will have an operational Konya Metro station in 2025.