hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euploea
Euploea is a genus of milkweed butterflies. The species are generally dark in coloration, often quite blackish, for which reason they are commonly called crows. As usual for their subfamily, they are poisonous due to feeding on milkweeds and other toxic plants as caterpillars. The latter are aposematically colored to warn off predators from eating them, and the adult butterflies are often mimicked by unrelated species which are not or less poisonous.

Danainae
Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies. The group may be referred to as the Danaids (reflecting their previous rank as a family) or milkweed butterflies, as they often lay their eggs on various milkweeds on which their larvae (caterpillars) feed, though it also encompasses the clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini), and the Tellervini.

Some 300 species of Danainae exist worldwide. Most of the Danaini are found in tropical Asia and Africa, while the Ithomiini are diverse in the Neotropics. Tellervini are restricted to Australia and the Oriental region. Four species are found in North America: the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), the queen (Danaus gilippus), the tropical milkweed butterfly (Lycorea halia), and the soldier butterfly (or "tropic queen", Danaus eresimus). Of these, the monarch is by far the most famous, being one of the most recognizable butterflies in the Americas.
Herbert Cecil Duncan
Brigadier Herbert Cecil Duncan (19 August 1895 – 20 January 1942) was a British Indian Army officer who commanded the 45th Indian Infantry Brigade during the Battle of Malaya prior to the Fall of Singapore.

45th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 45th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. The brigade was formed in June 1941, at Ahmednagar in India and assigned to the 17th Indian Infantry Division. It was transferred to Malaya Command in January 1942 where it was virtually destroyed in the Battle of Muar. What was left of the brigade was briefly under command of the Australian 8th Division in February 1942, during the Battle of Singapore and surrendered to the Japanese with the rest of the garrison on 15 February.
Bourgoin-Jallieu
Bourgoin-Jallieu (French pronunciation: [buʁɡwɛ̃ ʒaljø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Brégon) is a commune in the Isère department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France. The city had 28,834 inhabitants in 2019 and lies 35 kilometres east-southeast of Lyon. It was formed by the merger of the former communes Bourgoin and Jallieu in 1965.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade
65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade (Persian: تیپ ۶۵ نیروهای ویژه هوابرد), or the NOHED Brigade (تیپ نوهد), is an airborne, special forces unit of the Iranian Army established in 1959.

The unit's first operation was during the Dhofar Rebellion in Oman. After the 1979 Revolution in Iran, it was a participant in the post-Revolution clashes. As part of the 23rd Commando Division, the unit was extensively used in various operations of the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s. The Brigade has been used in the Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency. During the Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war, some of its members were actively deployed in the Syrian Civil War. The brigade has also been employed for hostage rescue and counter-terrorism purposes inside Iran.

Mostafa Chamran
Mostafa Chamran Savehi (Persian: مصطفی چمران ساوه‌ای; 2 October 1932 – 21 June 1981) was an Iranian scientist, politician, and guerrilla, best known for serving as the first defense minister of post-revolutionary Iran.

In 1980, Chamran was elected to the Iranian Majles, representing Tehran. That same year, he commanded a paramilitary unit in the Iran–Iraq War, known as the "Irregular Warfare Headquarters". He was later killed on the frontlines.
Table tennis at the 2011 Summer Universiade – Men's team
The men's team table tennis event at the 2011 Summer Universiade was held from August 13 to August 16 at the Shenzhen Bay Sport Center Gym in Shenzhen, China. The teams played in pools in a round robin preliminary round, and the top teams from each pool advanced to the playoffs.

Shenzhen Bay Sports Center
Shenzhen Bay Sports Center (Chinese: 深圳湾体育中心), nicknamed Spring Cocoon (Chinese: 春茧) for its shape, is a multiuse stadium in Shenzhen, China. It is used mostly for table tennis, swimming and soccer competitions. The stadium is known for hosting the annual RoboMaster Robotics Competition since 2015, as well as the opening ceremony and some events of the 2011 Summer Universiade. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 spectators and the gymnasium seats 13,000. The Sports Center also hosts regular concerts and has been used as a military staging area.
Index of Japan-related articles (Y–Z)
This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letters Y–Z. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Y
Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. According to some authorities, it is the sixth (or seventh if including W) vowel letter of the English alphabet. Its name in English is wye (pronounced /ˈwaɪ/ ⓘ), plural wyes.

In the English writing system, it mostly represents a vowel and seldom a consonant, and in other orthographies it may represent a vowel or a consonant.
Michael Ruben Rinaldi
Michael Ruben Rinaldi (born 21 December 1995) is an Italian motorcycle racer who most recently competed in 2025, in the Supersport World Championship on a Yamaha YZF-R6, and in the Superbike World Championship aboard a Yamaha YZF-R1. Rinaldi has also previously competed in the European Superstock 1000 Championship, where he was champion in 2017, the European Superstock 600 Championship, the CIV Moto3 Championship and the Coppa Italia 125 cc 2T, where he was champion in 2011.

2025 Superbike World Championship
The 2025 Superbike World Championship was the 38th season of the Superbike World Championship. Toprak Razgatlıoğlu, who had previously won the championship in 2024, won his third Superbike world title. Nicolò Bulega finished runner-up in the championship and achieved 20 Superbike victories. Álvaro Bautista finished the championship in third position. Ducati has achieved its 21st constructors' world championship title. Jonathan Rea has declared his retirement at the end of this season. While Toprak Razgatlıoğlu left Superbike at the end of this season as world champion, moving on to MotoGP with Yamaha for 2026. Furthermore, Álvaro Bautista left the official Ducati team at the end of this season. 
Danilo Petrucci won the Independent Riders Championship for the second time on a Ducati.
Bossip
Bossip is an online gossip and entertainment magazine with a focus on African-American celebrities. The site is owned by iOne Digital, an Urban One company. The magazine is based in Atlanta, Georgia.

Bossip has interviewed celebrities such as Kanye West, Janet Jackson, Sanaa Lathan, Russell Simmons, Damon Dash and Kim Kardashian. The website is known for its humorous headlines.

Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.

The large type front page headline did not come into use until the late 19th century when increased competition between newspapers led to the use of attention-getting headlines.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as  headlinese, designed to meet stringent space requirements by, for example, leaving out forms of the verb "to be" and choosing short verbs like "eye" over longer synonyms like "consider".
Historiography of Vichy France
The historiography of Vichy France, is the study in which historians and researchers in the human sciences analyse the regime of Vichy France (which de facto governed the metropolitan territory of France from June 1940 to August 1944), and was one of the most debated topics in French historical research during the 1980s and 1990s.

Editis
Editis is a French group of publishing companies, subsidiary of Czech Media Invest. It is the second-largest French publishing group, after Hachette Livre.

In June 2023, after acquiring a majority stake in Hachette's parent company, the Lagardère Group, Vivendi chose to keep Hachette, while selling Editis to Czech Media Invest, which is owned by Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský. The sale was finalised in November 2023.
Voyage to Italy, Complete with Love
Voyage to Italy, Complete with Love (German: Italienreise – Liebe inbegriffen) is a 1958 West German romantic comedy film directed by Wolfgang Becker and starring Paul Hubschmid, Susanne Cramer and Hannelore Schroth. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin with extensive location shooting around Italy including  Venice, Assisi, Rome, Naples and Sorrento. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Assisi
Assisi (/əˈsiːsi/, also US: /-iːzi, əˈsɪsi, -ɪzi/; Italian: [asˈsiːzi]; from Latin: Asisium; Central Italian: Ascesi) is a town and comune of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio.

It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born around 50–45 BC. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Order of Friars Minor in that town in 1208, and of St. Clare of Assisi (Chiara d'Offreducci), who, with St. Francis, founded the Order of Poor Ladies, which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death. In 1838, St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows was also born in Assisi.
Apostolic Dataria
The Apostolic Datary (Latin: Dataria Apostolica) was one of the five Ufficii di Curia ("Offices of the Curia") in the Roman Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. It was instituted no later than the 14th century AD. Pope Paul VI abolished it in 1967.

Rescript
A rescript is a public government document. More formally, it is a document issued not on the initiative of the author, but in response to a question (usually legal) posed to the author. The word originates from replies issued by Roman emperors to such questions and is also used in modern legal terminology and the Papal curia.

Rescripts may take various forms, from a formal document of an established type, such as a Papal bull, to the forwarding of the demand with a simple mention by way of decision, something like "rejected" or "awarded", either to the party concerned or to the competent executive office to be carried out.
Mandolin playing traditions worldwide
Following its invention and development in Italy, the mandolin spread throughout the European continent. The instrument was primarily used in a classical tradition with mandolin orchestras, so called Estudiantinas or in Germany Zupforchestern, appearing in many cities. Following this continental popularity of the mandolin family, local traditions appeared outside Europe in the Americas and in Japan. Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Carlo Curti, Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century. This "mandolin craze" was fading by the 1930s, but just as this practice was falling into disuse, the mandolin found a new niche in American country, old-time music, bluegrass and folk music. More recently, the Baroque and Classical mandolin repertory and styles have benefited from the raised awareness of and interest in Early music.

Dorina Frati
Dorina Frati is an Italian classical mandolin player. She performs regularly with European orchestras such as The Philharmonic of La Scala, the National Academy of Santa Cecilia, the National Orchestra of RAI, the Chamber Orchestra of Mantua and the Philharmonic of Rome.
She completed her studies with Giuseppe Anedda, graduating from the Pollini Conservatory of  Padua, Italy.
Pradip Purohit
Pradeep Purohit is an Indian politician. He was elected to become the Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha representing Bargarh in the 2024 National Election. A candidate from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he has led his party to a win, securing a total of 251,667 votes which is the highest in Odisha in terms of vote margin.

He was also elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Padampur in the 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election as a member of the BJP.

In his early career, he started his social life with the "BALCO Hatao Gandhamardan Bachao" movement. He was the founder and coordinator of this andolan. Later, thousands of people from every village in the Padampur sub-division joined him, and he became a public figure.

2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election was held in April 2014, concurrently with the general election. The elections were held in the state in two phases. The results were declared on 16 May 2014.

The ruling party, Biju Janata Dal, upon gaining majority of seats formed the government again, with incumbent Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, continuing office for another term.

The nominee for CM from the then BJP was Kanaka Vardhan Singhdeo. Perhaps only this time had Orissa BJP declared its CM face pre-poll.
Hugo Medrano
Hugo Medrano is an Argentinian-born theatre director, playwright, and actor. He co-founded the GALA Hispanic Theatre in Washington D.C., with his wife Rebecca Read Medrano. The GALA Hispanic Theatre features Spanish and Latin American plays and has staged over 220 productions since its founding in 1976. Hugo Medrano serves as the theatre's Founding Producing Artistic Director. He received the Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actor for his role as Molina in El Beso de la Mujer Arana in 1994. For promoting Spanish culture in the United States, Medrano received Spain's Order of Queen Isabella.

Kiss of the Spider Woman (novel)
Kiss of the Spider Woman (Spanish: El beso de la mujer araña) is a 1976 novel by Argentine writer Manuel Puig. It depicts the daily conversations between two cellmates in an Argentine prison, Molina and Valentín, and the intimate bond they form in the process. It is generally considered Puig's most successful work. The novel was translated into English by Thomas Colchie in 1979.

Puig adapted the novel into a stage play in 1983. The novel has also been adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1985, a Tony Award-winning Broadway musical in 1993, and a 2020 television special episode of Katy Keene. A film adaptation of the Broadway musical was released in 2025.
East Arabian fog shrublands and sand desert
The East Arabian fog shrublands and sand desert is a deserts and xeric shrubland ecoregion in Oman. It encompasses two areas of coastal desert in the eastern Arabian Peninsula, the Wahiba Sands in eastern Oman, and the Huqf region to the southwest. The ecoregion has a total area of 1,769 km2.

The northern section encompasses the Wahiba Sands, a dune field that extends inland from the Arabian Sea coast. The southern section, known as the Huqf region, is bounded on the east by the Arabian Sea and on the west by the Huqf escarpment and Jiddat al-Harasis plateau. The Huqf region's landscape is more varied, with gravel deserts, salt flats or ‘sabkha’, rugged hills and outcrops, and coastal white sugar dunes near Al Khaluf.

Jiddat al-Harasis
Jiddat al-Harasis (Jiddat-il-Harasiis) is a stony desert in south-central Oman, separating northern Oman from Dhufar. The largest strewn field of meteorites in the country is situated here.  Over 160 bird species, including the endangered houbara bustard, are found here, as well as Arabian oryx and Arabian gazelle. The area was not permanently inhabited until the 19th century with the arrival of the Harasis.
Haus des Lehrers
Haus des Lehrers (German for 'House of the teacher') is a building in Berlin, located near Alexanderplatz, built between 1962 and 1964 under the German Democratic Republic. Its most notable feature is a mural wrapping around the entire building and extending between the second and fifth above-ground floors. Designed in the style of Mexican mural art by artist Walter Womacka, it is titled Unser Leben ('Our Life') and depicts various occupational groups of and aspects of life in the GDR.

Adjacent to the building is a two-story congress hall, known since November 2003 as Berliner Congress Center. Between 2003 and 2011, the annual Chaos Communication Congress was hosted there. For the 20th anniversary of the Chaos Computer Club in 2001, a light installation Project Blinkenlights was installed in Haus des Lehrers.

Chaos Communication Congress
The Chaos Communication Congress is an annual hacker conference organized by the Chaos Computer Club. The congress features a variety of lectures and workshops on technical and political issues related to security, cryptography, privacy and online freedom of speech. It has taken place regularly at the end of the year since 1984, with the current date and duration (27–30 December) established in 2005. It is considered one of the largest events of its kind, alongside DEF CON in Las Vegas.
Ivan Magomu
Ivan Magomu (born 6 September 1996) is a Ugandan rugby union player who plays as flyhalf for Black Pirates Rugby Club in the country's top tier Rugby Premier League and for the men's fifteens rugby national team, the Uganda national rugby union team, known as the Uganda Rugby Cranes. He is the captain of the Black Pirates Rugby Club, a role he has served since 2018. Ahead of the 2021 Rugby Africa Cup, Magomu was named Captain of the Uganda national rugby union team.

He has also played for the Uganda national rugby sevens team and featured at the Rugby World Cup Sevens 2018 in San Francisco, USA. and at the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast,Australia (2018)

Magomu has been described as one of the best flyhalves Uganda has ever produced, and has been compared to 2007 Africa Cup champion Edmond Tumusiime who has since admitted that Magomu is miles better than he was.

Uganda national rugby sevens team
The Uganda national rugby sevens team won the 2022 Africa Men's 7s, which were World Cup and Commonwealth Games qualifiers.

Uganda won the Africa Men's 7s on 23 April 2022 at Kyadondo Rugby Ground. This tournament was played by 14 countries.They made their first world cup appearance after winning the 2017 Africa Cup Sevens.

In 2024, Uganda placed ninth in the first round of the Challenger Series which was held in Dubai. They finished sixth in the overall Challenger Series.
Archimedean spiral
The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. The term Archimedean spiral is sometimes used to refer to the more general class of spirals of this type (see below), in contrast to Archimedes' spiral (the specific arithmetic spiral of Archimedes). It is the locus corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a constant speed along a line that rotates with constant angular velocity. Equivalently, in polar coordinates (r, θ) it can be described by the equation

with real number b. Changing the parameter b controls the distance between loops.

From the above equation, it can thus be stated: position of the particle from point of start is proportional to angle θ as time elapses.

Archimedes described such a spiral in his book On Spirals.  Conon of Samos was a friend of his and Pappus states that this spiral was discovered by Conon.

Locus (mathematics)
In geometry, a locus (plural: loci) (Latin word for "place", "location") is a set of all points (commonly, a line, a line segment, a curve or a surface), whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specified conditions.

The set of the points that satisfy some property is often called the locus of a point satisfying this property. The use of the singular in this formulation is a witness that, until the end of the 19th century, mathematicians did not consider infinite sets. Instead of viewing lines and curves as sets of points, they viewed them as places where a point may be located or may move.
2006 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament
The 2006 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 34th edition of the event known that year as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament and was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, Netherlands, from 20 February through 26 February 2006. Radek Štěpánek won the singles title.

The singles field lined up ATP No. 2, French Open champion, Monte Carlo, Rome, Canada and Madrid Masters winner Rafael Nadal, Australian Open quarterfinalist, Tennis Masters Cup semifinalist Nikolay Davydenko, and Madrid and Paris Masters quarterfinalist David Ferrer. Also announced were St. Petersburg champion Thomas Johansson, Auckland runner-up Mario Ančić, Radek Štěpánek, Sébastien Grosjean and Tomáš Berdych.

2005 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid
The 2005 Madrid Masters (also known as the Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Madrid Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It took place at the Madrid Arena in Madrid, Spain, from 17 October through 24 October 2005. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title.

The singles field was led by World No. 2 Rafael Nadal. Other top seeds were Andy Roddick and Nikolay Davydenko.
Charmaine Reid
Charmaine Reid (born November 3, 1973) is a Canadian badminton player from Calgary. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in both singles and doubles. Reid won five Canadian National Championships between 2005 and 2007, two of them in women's singles, and three in women's doubles. She has won one gold and four silver medals at the Pan American Games. In 2016, she was inducted into Niagara Falls Sports Wall of Fame in recognition of her accomplishments and contribution to the sport of badminton around the world.

Canadian National Badminton Championships
The Canadian National Badminton Championships is a tournament organized to crown the best badminton players in Canada.

The tournament started in 1922. In 1957 the Canadian Badminton Federation decided to open the championships and they were combined with the Canadian Open until 1961. In 1962 they were held separately again.
County Center, Virginia
County Center is a census-designated place in Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 3,270. In 2021, the United States Census Bureau estimated it to be 4,045. It is notable for including the county's McCoart Government Center off Prince William Parkway, along with adjoining Pfitzner Stadium, former home field of the Potomac Nationals, now the Fredericksburg Nationals.

Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium
Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium, nicknamed "The Pfitz", is a stadium in the Coles Magisterial District of Prince William County, Virginia. It is primarily used for baseball, and was the home field of the Potomac Nationals before they relocated to Fredericksburg in 2020.  Built in 1984, the stadium is near the McCoart Government Center, the offices of the Prince William County Service Authority, and the Sean Connaughton Community Plaza.  It seats 6,000 people.