hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
KBox (exercise equipment)
kBox is a line of flywheel-based resistance training devices manufactured by the Swedish company Exxentric.

The device uses the inertia of a spinning flywheel to provide variable resistance that varies according to the user's force output during the concentric (lifting/pulling) and eccentric (lowering/return) phases of an exercise, rather than relying on gravity and free weights.

The kBox has been described in sports media as a Swedish-developed flywheel training device used by professional football clubs and athletes. The device has also been used as exercise equipment in scientific studies on flywheel training and test–retest reliability.

Concentric objects
In geometry, two or more objects are said to be concentric when they share the same center. Any pair of (possibly unalike) objects with well-defined centers can be concentric, including circles, spheres, regular polygons, regular polyhedra, parallelograms, cones, conic sections, and quadrics.

Geometric objects are coaxial  if they share the same axis (line of symmetry). Geometric objects with a well-defined axis include circles (any line through the center), spheres, cylinders, conic sections, and surfaces of revolution.

Concentric objects are often part of the broad category of whorled patterns, which also includes spirals (a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point).
Edmond Langevin
Edmond Langevin (30 August 1824 – 2 June 1889) was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest and vicar general.

Born in Quebec City, Lower Canada, Langevin studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and the Grand Séminaire. He was ordained priest in 1847. He was appointed vicar general by Charles-François Baillargeon in 1867.

Séminaire de Québec
46°48′53″N 71°12′19″W﻿ / ﻿46.81472°N 71.20528°W﻿ / 46.81472; -71.20528

The Seminary of Quebec (French: Séminaire de Québec, pronounced [seminɛʁ də kebɛk]) is a Catholic diocesan seminary in Quebec City founded in 1663 by François de Laval, the first bishop of New France.
Niklaus Stump
Niklaus Stump (23 December 1920 – 30 April 2005) was a Swiss cross-country and Nordic combined skier who competed during the 1940s.

He was born in Toggenburg and died in Wildhaus.

Stump finished fourth in the Nordic combined event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. He was a member of the Swiss cross-country relay team which finished fifth in the 4x10 km relay competition. In the 18 km event he finished 20th.

Wildhaus
Wildhaus (High Alemannic: Wildhuus) is a village and former municipality in the Toggenburg region of  the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, since 2010 by merger with Alt St. Johann part of the municipality of Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann.

The reformer Huldrych Zwingli was born in Wildhaus in 1484. His birth house can still be visited.
Baluka Maymuru
Baluka Maymuru (1947–2024) was an Aboriginal Australian artist from Yirrkala, Australia. He was the head of the Manggalili clan. Baluka was clan leader of the Belaŋ group of these people; in unison, he belongs to the Yirritja moiety, affirming his responsibilities in ceremony and his artistic freedom within the Yolŋu society. He was the son of artist Nänyin' Maymuru and the nephew of Narritjin Maymuru, one of the most significant painters of Yirrkala.

The artworks of the Maymuru family represent the creation of their country, Djarrakpi. The creation stories present in the bark paintings of Narritjin and his son Banapana are realized in Baluka's sculptures.

Yirrkala
Yirrkala is a small community in East Arnhem Region, Northern Territory, Australia, 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the large mining town of Nhulunbuy, on the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land. It is known for the former mission, established as an Aboriginal reserve after being founded by Methodist missionaries in 1935, and for what became known as the Yirrkala bark petitions. These were a set of petitions submitted by the Aboriginal residents of the mission to the Australian Parliament in 1963 asking for consultation about their land taken for mining. This marked an important moment in the history of Indigenous land rights in Australia and native title in Australia.

Yirrkala's population comprises predominantly Aboriginal Australians of the Yolngu peoples. At the 2021 census, Yirrkala had a population of 657, of whom 79.8% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.
Howard D. Taylor
Howard Dickson Taylor (March 8, 1878 – September 14, 1944) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives and Washington State Senate.  From 1911 to 1915, he was Speaker of the Washington House.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Glycopyrronium bromide
Glycopyrronium bromide is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. It does not cross the blood–brain barrier and consequently has few to no central effects. It can be administered orally, intravenously, topically, or via inhalation. It is a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound. The cation, which is the active moiety, is called glycopyrronium (INN) or glycopyrrolate (USAN).

The most common side effects include irritability, flushing, nasal congestion, reduced secretions in the airways, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention.

In September 2012, glycopyrronium was approved for medical use in the European Union. In June 2018, glycopyrronium was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat excessive underarm sweating, becoming the first drug developed specifically to reduce excessive sweating. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Flushing (physiology)
Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. Flushing is generally distinguished  from blushing, since blushing is psychosomatic, milder, generally restricted to the face, cheeks or ears, and generally assumed to reflect emotional stress, such as embarrassment, anger, or romantic stimulation. Flushing is also a cardinal symptom of carcinoid syndrome—the syndrome that results from hormones (often serotonin or histamine) being secreted into systemic circulation.
Meckering, Western Australia
Meckering is a town 130 kilometres (80.8 mi) east of Perth, Western Australia along the Great Eastern Highway. Meckering is located within the Shire of Cunderdin.

A railway line was completed in the area in 1895 and Meckering was selected as a station site. The first name chosen for the townsite was Beebering, the Aboriginal name for the hills just north of the town.

The townsite of Beebering was gazetted in 1895. The name of the town was changed to Meckering in 1897 to agree with the station name and the name for the town that was used locally. Meckering is an Aboriginal word thought to mean "moon on the water" or "good hunting".

In early 1898 the population of the town was 225, 150 males and 75 females.

In 1932 the Wheat Pool of Western Australia announced that the town would have two grain elevators, each fitted with an engine, installed at the railway siding.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling.

Shire of Cunderdin
The Shire of Cunderdin is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about 105 kilometres (65 mi) west of Merredin and about 155 kilometres (96 mi) east of Perth, the state capital. The Shire covers an area of 1,864 square kilometres (720 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Cunderdin.
Mohamed Sherif (footballer, born 1993)
Mohamed Sherif Ahmed is an Egyptian footballer who plays for Ismaily SC in the Egyptian League. He plays as a midfielder.  In 2013 Rabie Yassin, coach of the Egyptian national U-20 team, called him up to be a member of the Egypt Under 20 national team for the 2013 African Youth Championship in Algeria.

2013 African U-20 Championship
The 2013 African U-20 Championship officially known as the Orange African U-20 Championship, Algeria 2013 was the 19th edition of the African U-20 Championship. The competition was held in Algeria in the cities of Oran and Aïn Témouchent from March 16 to 30 March 2013. The semifinalists will participate in 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Igor Starygin
Igor Vladimirovich Starygin (Russian:Игорь Владимирович Старыгин, 13 June 1946 in Moscow – 8 November 2009 in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor.

An alumnus of the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts, Starygin had more than 40 roles in films and is most known for the role of Aramis in D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers (1979) and its sequels (1992, 1993, 2007). He had another famous role in the TV series The State Border (1980s).

Starygin also performed with the Moscow Art Theatre and the Theatre of Mossovet.

He died, aged 63, on 8 November 2009 in Moscow from complications of a stroke. Starygin was buried at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.

Russian Institute of Theatre Arts
The Russian Institute of Theatre Arts (GITIS) (Russian: Российский институт театрального искусства – ГИТИС, romanized: Rossiyskiy institut teatralnogo iskusstva – GITIS) is the largest and oldest independent theatrical arts school in Russia. Located in Moscow, the school was founded on 22 September 1878 as the Shostakovsky Music School. It became the School of Music and Drama of the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1883, was elevated to the status of a conservatory in 1886 during which time the institution was colloquially referred to as the Philharmonic Conservatory. It was renamed the Institute of Music and Drama in 1918, and was known as the Lunacharsky State Institute for Theatre Arts (GITIS) from 1934 to 1991.
Zybovka, Kursk Oblast
Zybovka (Russian: Зыбовка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kitayevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  59 (2010 Census); 83 (2002 Census);

Medvensky District
Medvensky District (Russian: Ме́двенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,090 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Medvenka. Population: 16,324 (2021 Census); 16,558 (2010 Census);  19,220 (2002 Census); 21,528 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Medvenka accounts for 27.6% of the district's total population.
Stirling (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Stirling in Stirlingshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

The Parliament of Scotland ceased to exist with the Act of Union 1707, and the commissioner for Stirling, John Erskine, was one of those co-opted to represent Scotland in the first Parliament of Great Britain. From the 1708 general election Culross, Dunfermline, Inverkeithing, Stirling and Queensferry comprised the Stirling district of burghs, electing one Member of Parliament between them.

1708 British general election
The 1708 British general election was the first general election to be held after the Acts of Union had united the Parliaments of England and Scotland.

The election saw the Whigs gain a majority in the House of Commons, and by November the Whig-dominated parliament had succeeded in pressuring the Queen into accepting the Whig Junto into government for the first time since the late 1690s. The Whigs only able to take partial control of the government, however, owing to the continued presence of the moderate Tory Godolphin in the cabinet (as Lord High Treasurer) and the opposition of the Queen. Contests were held in 95 of the 269 English and Welsh constituencies and 28 of the 45 Scottish constituencies.

Following the election, Whig MP Lord Somers was appointed as Lord President of the Council. However, moderate Tory Lord Godolphin remained as Lord High Treasurer and the Godolphin–Marlborough ministry remained in place.
Solgohachia, Arkansas
Solgohachia /ˌsɑː.ɡəˈhæ.tʃi/ saw-gə-HA-chee is an unincorporated community in Conway County, Arkansas, United States, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Morrilton on Arkansas Highway 9 and Arkansas Highway 287.  The ZIP Code for Solgohachia is 72156.  The name is from the  Choctaw word Sok-ko-huch-cha, meaning "muscadine river".

Nearby Solgohachia Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 26, 2004. Unfortunately the old steel span bridge no longer exists. The creek it spanned is East Fork Point Remove Creek.

Morrilton, Arkansas
Morrilton is a city in Conway County, Arkansas, United States, less than 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Little Rock. The city is the county seat of Conway County. The population was 6,992 at the 2020 United States census.
Virtium
Virtium Solid State Storage and Memory (formerly known as Virtium Technology) is a privately held American company that manufactures semiconductor memory and solid-state disk (SSD) products for data storage in industrial/machine-to-machine designs, embedded systems, including small-footprint designs, and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. The company's primary markets of focus include defense, industrial systems, network communications, and transportation. The name Virtium is derived from the word virtue.

Machine to machine
Machine to machine (M2M) is direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless. M2M communication can include industrial instrumentation, where a sensor communicates the data it records (such as temperature or inventory level), as well as telematics, which uses M2M to enable a fleet telematics system to monitor mobile assets. Such communication was originally accomplished by having a remote network of machines relay information back to a central hub for analysis, which would then be rerouted into a system like a personal computer.

More recent machine to machine communication has changed into a system of networks that transmits data to personal appliances. The expansion of IP networks has made M2M communication quicker and easier while using less power, and it is a component of the Internet of Things (IoT). These networks also allow new business opportunities for consumers and suppliers.
1845 in birding and ornithology
Jacques Pucheran erects  the genus Aramides in Revue et Magasin de Zoologie

Death of Christoph Feldegg

Death of Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar

John Cassin describes the lesser yellow-headed vulture in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia The yellow-rumped flycatcher was described by Arthur Hay in 1845

George Robert Gray describes the Fuegian snipe in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror

Foundation of Latvian Museum of Natural History

August Carl Eduard Baldamus invites 32 ornithologists to form an ornithological section of Gesellschaft  Deutscher  Naturforscher und Artze. (Society of German Nature Researchers and Doctors). One result is the publication of the bird journal Rhea by Ludwig Thienemann

Florent Prévost with C. L. Lemaire publishes Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux d'Europe

Nérée Boubée establishes "Maison Boubée" in Paris. It is a natural history dealership and publishing house.

Ongoing events

Fauna Japonica

Latvian Museum of Natural History
The Latvian National Museum of Natural History (Latvian: Latvijas Nacionālais dabas muzejs) is a natural history museum in Riga, Latvia. It was founded in 1845 as the Riga Naturalist Society (German: Naturforscherverein zu Riga).

The museum contains the following Departments:

Custodial

Botany

Zoology

Geology and Palaeontology

Technological Support

Communications

Administration
Run (Indian TV series)
Run is a 2019–20 Tamil-language thriller drama series directed by K. Rajeev Prasad is a remake of Turkish Serial “Black Money love” on Sun TV. It stars Krishna Raghunandan  and Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj (later replaced by Chaya Singh). It premiered on 5 August 2019 and ended on 31 March 2020 for 197 episodes due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.
Coyote Creek (Long Tom River tributary)
Coyote Creek is a tributary of the Long Tom River via Fern Ridge Reservoir in Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Beginning in hills south of Eugene, it meanders generally north through Gillespie Corners and Crow before entering the reservoir east of Veneta.

Slightly upstream of Crow, the creek flows under Coyote Creek Bridge. The covered bridge, on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979, carries Battle Creek Road over the water.

The creek's named tributaries from source to mouth are Rebel, Jackson, and Doak creeks followed by Fox Hollow.  Then come Bear, Beaver, and Powell creeks followed by Hayes Branch. Further downstream are Jordan, Nighswander, Battle, Sturtevant, and Spencer creeks.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Tornadoes of 1925
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 1925. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Argentina, Southern Brazil, the Bengal region and China, but can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during summer in the Northern Hemisphere and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, South Africa, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Tornadic events are often accompanied by other forms of severe weather, including thunderstorms, strong winds and hail.

1925 was the deadliest year for tornadoes in recorded history for North America, with over 800 fatalities being recorded. 695 deaths were from a single, long-tracked tornado that moved through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.

South Region, Brazil
The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈsuw du bɾaˈziw]) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers 576,409.6 square kilometres (222,553.0 sq mi), being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of Brazil. Its whole area is smaller than that of the state of Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil, for example or the whole metropolitan France.

It is a tourist, economic and cultural pole. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as the Centre-West and Southeast regions, and the Atlantic Ocean. The region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, having a lower crime rate than other regions in the country.
IK Heim
Idrottsklubben Heim (IK Heim) were a Swedish handball club from Gothenburg, founded in 1923. They have been Swedish champions 7 times. They won the title in 1950 (by defeating Örebro in the final), 1955, 1959, 1960 and 1962 (by winning the league). They were relegated from the top level in 1965 and did not return until 1974. In 1980, Heim reached the semifinals of the Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Spanish club CB Calpisa. They won two more Swedish titles in 1982 and 1983, but were relegated again in 1984. In 2005, the club merged with Mölndal HF to form IK Heim Mölndal and later Mölndal/Heim. Heim Mölndal briefly played in the top division from 2005 to 2007. In 2009, Mölndal HF was re-founded as a separate club and Heim ceased to exist.

Handbollsligan
Handbollsligan (literally, "The Handball league") is the highest league in the league system of Swedish handball, and comprises the top 14 Swedish handball teams. The first season began in 1931–32. The season ends with a playoff.
Sepia prashadi
Sepia prashadi, common name hooded cuttlefish, is a widely distributed species of cuttlefish. It has a thin, oval body and grows from 5 to 11 cm. The tips of the tentacles have a distinct club shape. S. prashadi is a migratory, demersal cuttlefish living in shallow waters at depths of approximately 40 to 50 metres. It is found in many locations including the east coast of Africa, around India, in the Red Sea, and Persian Gulf.

Demersal zone
The demersal zone (from Latin demergere, "to sink") is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone.

Being just above the ocean floor, the demersal zone is variable in depth and can be part of the photic zone where light can penetrate, and photosynthetic organisms grow, or the aphotic zone, which begins between depths of roughly 200 and 1,000 m (700 and 3,300 ft) and extends to the ocean depths, where no light penetrates.
Kristina Fröjmark
Kristina Maria Fröjmark (1957–2004) was a Swedish reality show contestant  after her appearance in the show Farmen-Skärgården, where she was one of the twelve contestants who ran a farm in Stockholm archipelago; the reality show was broadcast on TV4. Fröjmark got a lot of attention in Swedish media for her jet set life and wealth and on the show, she would speak much of her life as a stay-at-home wife.

Stockholm Archipelago
The Stockholm Archipelago (Swedish: Stockholms skärgård) is the largest archipelago in Sweden, and the second-largest archipelago in the Baltic Sea (the largest being the Archipelago Sea across the Baltic in Finland). Part of the archipelago has been designated as a Ramsar site since 1989.

Stockholm Archipelago has been found to have slightly over 24,000 islands, islets and skerries and covers approximately 1,700 km² of which approximately 530 km² is land. There are around 10,000 permanent residences and 50,000 holiday homes in the archipelago. Residents are found on all the larger islands closest to the coast that have fixed bridges or ferry connections with road ferries, such as Vaxholm, Ingarö, Värmdö, Yxlan, Blidö, Ljusterö and Väddö, but also on many of the larger islands farther out from the coast, as Ingmarsö, Möja, Runmarö, Nämdö, Ornö and Utö, which are served by passenger ships with fixed itineraries.