hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raymond Didier
Raymond Ernest Didier (January 17, 1920 – March 9, 1978) was an American football coach, baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at the Southwestern Louisiana Institute—now known as University of Louisiana at Lafayette from 1951 to 1956, tallying a mark of 29–27–2. Didier was also the head baseball coach at Southwestern Louisiana from 1948 to 1956, Louisiana State University from 1957 to 1963 and Nicholls State University from 1964 to 1973, amassing a career college baseball record of 458–311–4. Didier served as the athletic director at Nicholls State from 1963 to 1978.

University of Louisiana at Lafayette
The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette, University of Louisiana, ULL, or UL) is a public research university in Lafayette, Louisiana, United States. It has the largest enrollment within the nine-campus University of Louisiana System and the second-largest enrollment in Louisiana, behind only Louisiana State University. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

Founded in 1898 as an industrial school, the institution developed into a four-year university during the twentieth century and became known by its present name in 1999. It offers Louisiana's only Ph.D. in francophone studies, Louisiana's only master's of informatics, and Louisiana's only industrial design degree. The university has achieved several milestones in computer science, engineering and architecture. It is also home to a distinct College of the Arts.
Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Müdafiə Nazirliyi) or MN is an Azerbaijani government agency that is associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan (for example, Azerbaijan's contribution to the war on terror), and the surveillance of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea sea and airspace. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Commander-in-chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, the President of Azerbaijan.

The ministry building is located in Baku, at 3 Parliament Avenue.

President of Azerbaijan
The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti) is the head of state of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", and "shall have the right of immunity [from prosecution]." The president rules through his executive office, the Presidential Administration, consisting of a group of secretaries and departmental ministers. Additionally, there is a Cabinet of Ministers regarding economic and social policy and a Security Council regarding foreign, military, and judicial matters.

The primary workplace is the presidential building (also known as the presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October 2003 after his father's resignation due to his deteriorating health.
Todd Brook
Todd Brook is a small river running through the English counties of Cheshire and Derbyshire.

The Brook rises beneath Shining Tor on the border between the two counties and flows northwards through east Cheshire, passing by Jenkin Chapel, Windgather Rocks and Kettleshulme before turning east, forming the border between Cheshire and Derbyshire for a short distance before filling Toddbrook Reservoir in Derbyshire.

The brook flows into the River Goyt at Whaley Bridge.

The brook's Environment Agency pollution classification changed from good to moderate in 2014.

Shining Tor
Shining Tor is the highest hill in Cheshire, England. The summit has an elevation of 559 m (1,834 ft) above sea level. It is in the Peak District, between the towns of Macclesfield in Cheshire and Buxton in Derbyshire, and is on the administrative boundary between Derbyshire and Cheshire East. The hill is at the south end of a north-south moorland ridge, which also includes Cats Tor, 519 metres (1,703 ft) high. There is also another hill named Shining Tor, above Dovedale in Derbyshire, at grid reference SK145545.
Abdullah Laghmani
Abdullah Laghmani (1960s –2 September 2009) was Deputy Chief of the National Directorate of Security (NDS) in Afghanistan, and a prominent ally of President Hamid Karzai. He first served as an intelligence officer for the Northern Alliance during Taliban rule. After the formation of Karzai administration in late 2001, Laghmani served as the intelligence chief of Kandahar province before moving up as deputy chief. Laghmani was killed in a Taliban suicide bomb attack in Mehtar Lam, Laghman Province.

An ethnic Tajik, he was particularly knowledgeable about the Taliban and the movement's mentors in Pakistan. He and his agents helped determine a possible link between the bombers who attacked the Indian Embassy in Kabul in July 2008 and the Pakistani intelligence service (ISI) in Peshawar.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Liturgical calendar of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
The Syro-Malabar Church is a Catholic Church sui iuris of the East Syriac Rite that adheres to the following calendar for the church's liturgical year. Like other liturgical calendars, the Syro-Malabar calendar loosely follows the sequence of pivotal events in the life of Jesus.

Liturgical year
The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.

Distinct liturgical colours may be used in connection with different seasons of the liturgical year. The dates of the festivals vary somewhat among the different churches, although the sequence and logic is largely the same.
Phacelia floribunda
Phacelia floribunda is a species of phacelia known by the common names many-flowered phacelia, southern island phacelia and San Clemente Island phacelia. It is known only from San Clemente Island, one of the Channel Islands of California, and Guadalupe Island off the coast of Baja California. It grows in coastal sage scrub habitat in the canyons of these two islands.

San Clemente Island
San Clemente Island (Tongva: Kinkipar; Spanish: Isla de San Clemente) is the southernmost of the Channel Islands of California. It is owned and operated by the United States Navy, and is a part of Los Angeles County. It is administered by Naval Base Coronado. It is 21 miles (34 km) long and has 147.13 km2 (56.81 sq mi) of land. The 2018 census estimates 148 military and civilian personnel reside on the island. The city of San Clemente in Orange County, California, is named after the island.
Al-Adil I
Al-Adil I (Arabic: العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, Arabic: الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب,‎ "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just King, Sword of the Faith"; 1145 – 31 August 1218) was the fourth Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and brother of Saladin, who founded both the Sultanate of Egypt, and the Ayyubid dynasty. He was known to the Crusaders as Saphadin (derived from his laqab or honorific title Sayf ad-Din, meaning "Sword of Faith"), a name by which he is still known in the Western world. A gifted and effective administrator and organizer, Al-Adil provided crucial military and civilian support for the great campaigns of Saladin (an early example of a great minister of war). He was also a capable general and strategist in his own right, and was instrumental in the transformation of the decayed Fatimid Caliphate of Cairo into the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt.

Arabic name
Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given, middle, and family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds.
Gordus (Lydia)
Gordus or Gordos (Ancient Greek: Γόρδος), also known as Julia Gordus or Iulia Gordos, and possibly also known as Porotta, was an ancient Greek city located in eastern Lydia (modern western Turkey). It was a strategically important town founded by the Seleucid Kings. The Julio-Claudian emperors of the Roman Empire renamed the city Julia Gordos in the 1st century and the city minted its own coins.

The city achieved the full status of a polis under the Flavian emperors.

It was the home to Apollophanes the physician, and there is epigraphical evidence of both pagans and Christians in the town.

Three bishops of the town are known: Isidor attended Third Council of Constantinople, Neophytus attended the Second Council of Nicaea and Stephen attended the Photian Council of 870. No longer the seat of a residential bishop, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Eski Gördes in Asiatic Turkey.

Roman provincial currency
Roman provincial currency was coinage minted within the Roman Empire by local civic rather than imperial authorities. These coins were often continuations of the original currencies that existed prior to the arrival of the Romans. Because so many of them were minted in the Greek areas of the empire, they were usually referred to until fairly recently as Greek imperial coinage, and catalogued at the end of lists of coins minted by the Greek cities.

When a new region was assimilated into the Roman Empire, the continuance of preexisting local currencies was often allowed as a matter of expediency. Also, new colonies were frequently given authority to mint bronze coins. These provincial currencies were mostly used by the local inhabitants only for local trade, as their intrinsic values were usually much lower than Roman imperial coinage.
Tamarugal Province
Tamarugal Province (Spanish: Provincia de Tamarugal) is one of two provinces in the northern Chilean region of Tarapacá, the other being the Iquique Province. Tamarugal Province spans most of the breadth of Chile, between the Pacific Ocean and Bolivia, where it borders on Oruro Department and Potosí Department. The capital is the city of Pozo Almonte.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Treaty of Caen
The Treaty of Caen was signed in Caen, France, in 1091 between William II of England and his brother, Duke Robert Curthose of Normandy. The treaty was made before the initiation of any military engagements. Based on the terms of the accord, William II and Robert Curthose agreed to cease their rivalry. In the end, England was left with several territories in Normandy such as the counties of Eu, Aumale, and Cherbourg. England also received Fécamp Abbey and the territory of Gournay. The Council of Caen eventually declared all altercations settled in August 1091.

Robert Curthose
Robert Curthose ( French: Robert Courteheuse; c. 1051 – c. 3 February 1134), the eldest son of William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy as Robert II from 1087 to 1106.

Robert was twice an unsuccessful pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of England. The epithet "Curthose" originated in the Norman French word courtheuse ("short stockings"). The chroniclers William of Malmesbury and Orderic Vitalis wrote that his father had derisively called him brevis-ocrea ("short boot").

Robert's reign is noted for the discord with his brothers, the English kings William II and Henry I. He mortgaged his duchy to finance his participation in the First Crusade, where he was an important commander. In 1106, his disagreements with Henry led to defeat in the Battle of Tinchebray and lifelong captivity, with Normandy temporarily absorbed into England's possession.
Tatsuoka Castle
Tatsuoka Castle (龍岡城, Tatsuoka-jō) was a Bakumatsu period pentagonal "star fort" located in what is now part of the city of Saku, Nagano prefecture. It was the primary fortress of Tatsuoka Domain, ruled by the Ogyū-Matsudaira clan. Along with the Goryōkaku in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, it is one of only two star fortresses in Japan, and the castle ruins have been designated as a National Historic Site since 1934.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
Jennifer Bertino-Tarrant
Jennifer Bertino-Tarrant (born April 1969) is a Democrat who is currently serving as the Will County Executive, having been elected in 2020. She was a member of the Illinois Senate for the 49th district. The 49th district includes all or part of Bolingbrook, Crest Hill, Joliet, Oswego, Plainfield, Romeoville, and Shorewood. Prior to her service as an Illinois State Senator, she served as the Will County Superintendent of Schools and as both an educator and administrator in public and private schools.

Plainfield, Illinois
Plainfield is a village in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 44,762 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.

The village includes land in Will County's Plainfield and Wheatland townships, as well as Na-Au-Say and Oswego townships in Kendall County. With the growth in the Chicago suburbs in the 1990s and 2000s, the village has seen a population increase from 4,500 in 1990 to nearly 45,000 in 2020. It is midway between the cities of Naperville and Joliet in Chicago's collar counties.

The village has established a community Preservation Commission and historic preservation ordinance. It is the home of the Lake Renwick Preserve, a county forest preserve used for birdwatching and other activities. Located south of Village Hall is Settlers' Park, which includes a lake, war monument, open space, and more. The park presents outdoor concerts to the public in the summer.
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)
The Oceanian section of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Russia, for national teams which are members of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). A total of 0.5 slots (i.e. 1 inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament was available for OFC teams.

The 2016 edition of the OFC Nations Cup once again doubled as the second round of the OFC qualifying competition for the 2018 FIFA World Cup (similar to the 2012 OFC Nations Cup and the OFC qualifying competition for the 2014 FIFA World Cup). Unlike in 2012, however, the team that won the qualifying competition and advanced to the intercontinental play-off, New Zealand, was the same team that also won the OFC Nations Cup and represented the OFC at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.

OFC Men's Nations Cup
The OFC Men's Nations Cup, known as the OFC Nations Cup before the 2024 edition, is the primary association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), determining the continental champion of Oceania. The winning team became the champion of Oceania and until 2016 qualified for the FIFA Confederations Cup.

Historically, a very large gulf separated Australia and New Zealand from the smaller island competitors, and little attention was paid to the tournament by the rest of the football world. The 2012 OFC Nations Cup is the only edition to date not won by either New Zealand or Australia, being won by Tahiti instead and is also the only tournament to date where neither Australia (who joined AFC in 2006 and as a result didn’t participate) nor New Zealand (knocked out in the semifinals) reached the final.
Octadecanal decarbonylase
The enzyme octadecanal decarbonylase (EC 4.1.99.5) catalyzes the chemical reaction

octadecanal  heptadecane + CO

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically in the "catch-all" class of carbon-carbon lyases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is octadecanal alkane-lyase. Other names in common use include decarbonylase, and aldehyde decarbonylase.  At least one compound, EDTA is known to inhibit this enzyme.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. This white, slightly water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) and calcium ions (Ca2+), forming water-soluble complexes even at neutral pH. It is thus used to dissolve Fe- and Ca-containing scale as well as to deliver iron ions under conditions where its oxides are insoluble. EDTA is available as several salts, notably disodium EDTA, sodium calcium edetate, and tetrasodium EDTA, but these all function similarly.
Saarland University
Saarland University (German: Universität des Saarlandes, pronounced [univɛʁziˈtɛːt dɛs ˈzaːɐ̯landəs]) is a public research university located in Saarbrücken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science.  In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.

Thanks to bilingual German and French staff, the university has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as "European University" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its "crown and symbol" in 1951.

Ten academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.

Faculty (division)
A faculty or academic division is an academic and administrative unit within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
Apollinaris Mons
Apollinaris Mons is an ancient shield volcano in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is situated near the equator, south of Elysium Planitia and north of the impact crater Gusev (the landing site of the Mars rover Spirit). Elysium Planitia separates it from the volcanic province of Elysium to its northwest. The volcano's caldera is named Apollinaris Patera; this name formerly applied to the whole edifice.

Apollinaris Mons is about 5 kilometres high with a base about 296 kilometres in diameter. On the top of this volcano is a caldera about 80 km (50 miles) in diameter. The volcano is approximately 3 billion to 3.5 billion years old.

It was named in 1973 after a mountain spring near Rome in Italy.

A study using a global climate model found that the Medusae Fossae Formation could have been formed from ash from  Apollinaris Mons, Arsia Mons, and possibly Pavonis Mons.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. Ancient civilizations exploited the antimicrobial properties of copper long before the concept of microbes became understood in the nineteenth century. In addition to several copper medicinal preparations, it was also observed centuries ago that water contained in copper vessels or transported in copper conveyance systems was of better quality (i.e., no or little visible slime or biofouling formation) than water contained or transported in other materials.

The antimicrobial properties of copper are still under active investigation. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the antibacterial action of copper have been a subject of intensive research. Scientists are also actively demonstrating the intrinsic efficacy of copper alloy "touch surfaces" to destroy a wide range of microorganisms that threaten public health.

Torula
Cyberlindnera jadinii, commonly known as torula in the food industry, is a species of yeast. It is used as a savory, protein-rich food ingredient as well as a food bait for insects. It is also commonly known as the anamorphic name Candida utilis, which has been discarded under the "one fungus, one name" change.
Zerafa
Zerafa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alison Zerafa Civelli, Maltese politician

Benigno Zerafa (1726–1804), Maltese composer

Francesco Zerafa (1679–1758), Maltese architect

Jamie Zerafa (born 1998), Maltese football midfielder

Jesmond Zerafa (born 1965), Maltese professional footballer

Joseph Zerafa (born 1988), Maltese international footballer

Michael Zerafa (born 1992), Australian professional boxer

Benigno Zerafa
Benigno Zerafa (1726–1804) was a Maltese composer.
He studied first under Pietro Gristi,  maestro di capella at St. Paul's Cathedral, Mdina, and from 1738 with Girolamo Abos at the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo in Naples. He himself was appointed maestro di capella at Mdina Cathedral in 1744 until 1787, when he retired from the position and was succeeded by his assistant Francesco Azopardi. Eighty-three substantial sacred compositions survive at Mdina Cathedral.

Recordings:

Confitebor Tölzer Knabenchor, SM 1997