hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 424
NGC 424 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,303±18 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 158.9 ± 11.2 Mly (48.72 ± 3.42 Mpc). Also, two non-redshift measurements give a similar mean distance of 165.36 ± 24.14 Mly (50.700 ± 7.400 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on November 30, 1837.

NGC 424 is a Seyfert I galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Baskaran
Baskaran is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Adhiban Baskaran (born 1992), Indian chess Grandmaster

Aparna Baskaran, Indian and American physicist

Commando A Baskaran, Chairman of Tiruvallur town

Ganapathy Baskaran, Indian theoretical physicist

Kasinatha Baskaran (born 1968), professional Indian Kabaddi sportsman

S. Theodore Baskaran (born 1940), Indian film historian and wildlife conservationist

Sathasivam Baskaran, Sri Lankan Tamil distributor for the Tamil newspaper Uthayan

Vasudevan Baskaran (born 1950), Indian field hockey player'

Vigneshwaran Baskaran (born 1990), Indian professional footballer

Vinoth Baskaran (born 1990), Singaporean cricketer

Given name:

Baskaran Kandiah, Sri Lankan businessman, co-founder and Director of Lebara Group

Baskaran Pillai, authority of the Tamil Siddha tradition

Baskaran Ranjit (born 1991), Indian cricketer

Aparna Baskaran
Aparna Baskaran is an Indian and American theoretical physicist whose research studies the statistical mechanics of soft matter, including the self-propelled motion of bacteria through fluids and the clustering of self-propelled particles. She is a professor in the Martin A. Fisher School of Physics at Brandeis University.
Seante Williams
Seante Teron Williams (born September 16, 1981) is an American former professional football defensive end. He was originally signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2004. He played college football at Jacksonville State.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
2022 Gijón Open – Doubles
Máximo González and Andrés Molteni defeated Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow in the final, 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–4), [10–5] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Gijón Open.

This was the first edition of the tournament.

Andrés Molteni
Andrés Molteni (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes molˈteni], Italian: [molˈteːni]; born 15 March 1988) is an Argentine professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 7 on 21 August 2023 and his highest ATP singles ranking of No. 181 in May 2011. He has won 16 doubles ATP titles. He participated in the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup and the 2022 edition as part of team Argentina.
Jessica Meeuwig
Professor Jessica Meeuwig is the inaugural director of the Centre for Marine Futures at the University of Western Australia (UWA). In 2012 she was appointed as a Conservation Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and was also named as one of the 100 most influential people in Western Australia by The West Australian newspaper.

The West Australian
The West Australian is the only locally edited daily newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia. It is owned by Southern Cross Media Group, as is the state's other major newspaper, The Sunday Times. It is the second-oldest continuously produced newspaper in Australia, having been published since 1833. It tends to have conservative leanings, and has mostly supported the Liberal–National Party Coalition. It has Australia's largest share of market penetration (84% of WA) of any newspaper in the country.
The Paston Treasure
The Paston Treasure is a c. 1663 oil painting depicting two figures among the family treasures of Sir William and Sir Robert Paston, a father-son pair of English adventurers. Commissioned by either Robert or William in the early 1660s, it serves as a historically rare record of a cabinet of treasures in British collecting. It was executed by an unknown Dutch artist who resided at the Paston family residence at Oxnead Hall near Aylsham in Norfolk for approximately 3 months, in order to complete the commission.

Aylsham
Aylsham is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Bure in north Norfolk, England, nearly 9 mi (14 km) north of Norwich. The town is close to Blickling, Felbrigg, Mannington and Wolterton, which are important tourist attractions.

The civil parish has an area of 4,329 acres (17.52 km2) and in the 2001 census had a population of 5,504 increasing to a population of 6,016 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland.
T43-class minesweeper
The T43 (Projet 254) were a class of open-ocean minesweepers built for the Soviet Navy from 1948 to 1957. It was exported to client states; the People's Republic of China and Poland produced additional ships. Some hulls were converted to other uses by various users. Examples remained in service in 2015.

Client state
A client state, in the context of international relations, is an umbrella term that broadly refers to any state economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state. It typically describes a bilateral relationship that is mutually beneficial, characterized by different but shared obligations.

Variants of a client state are associated state, dominion, condominium, self-governing colony, neo-colony, protectorate, suzerain, puppet state, satellite state, vassal state and tributary state.
Emily Griffith Technical College
Emily Griffith Technical College is a public technical college in downtown Denver, Colorado, United States. Founded by Emily Griffith in 1916 as Opportunity School, it was renamed in her honor in 1933. The school is a part of Denver Public Schools, serving as the adult education arm of the district and is also associated with the Colorado Community College System.

The original building is designated a Denver Landmark under the name of Emily Griffith Opportunity School. It is now a hotel in the Hilton Tapestry collection called The Slate Denver.

Hilton Worldwide
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels, resorts, and timeshare properties. Founded by Conrad Hilton in May 1919, the company is now led by Christopher J. Nassetta. Hilton is headquartered in Tysons, Virginia, United States.

As of December 31, 2023, the company's portfolio includes 7,530 properties (including timeshare properties) with 1,182,937 rooms in 118 countries and territories. Hilton owns or leases 51 properties, manages 800 properties, and franchises out the remainder.
ŽKK Zrinjski Mostar
HŽKK Zrinjski 2010 Mostar (Croatian: Hrvatski ženski košarkaški klub Zrinjski 2010 Mostar, English: Croatian Women's Basketball Club Zrinjski 2010 Mostar) is a Croat-founded basketball team from the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The club plays in the Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Zrinjski Mostar sport society. It was formed in 1995.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
2027 Men's Rugby World Cup
The 2027 Men's Rugby World Cup is scheduled to be the 11th edition of the Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's rugby union teams. It is scheduled to take place in Australia from 1 October to 13 November 2027. It will be the first tournament to be branded as the Men's Rugby World Cup, a change that was announced in October 2023 to promote gender parity. It will also be the first to host 24 teams.

South Africa are the two-time defending champions, after beating New Zealand in the 2023 final.

Hong Kong China will make their Men's Rugby World Cup debut.

Bill Beaumont
Sir William Blackledge Beaumont (born 9 March 1952) is an English former rugby union player, and was captain of the England national team, earning 34 caps. His greatest moment as captain was the unexpected 1980 Grand Slam win. He played as a lock.

He is currently the interim chairman of the Rugby Football Union, having previously held the position from 2012 to 2016, and was chairman of World Rugby from July 2016 to November 2024.
Karlsen
Karlsen is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning "son of Karl" (\k(a)-rl\), an Old German given name. The form Carlsen is cognate. The parallel Swedish forms are Karlsson and Carlsson. People with the surname include:

Alexandria Karlsen (born 1978), American model, actress and author

Atle Karlsen (keyboardist) (?-), keyboardist of the Norwegian Rock band DumDum Boys

Emil Karlsen (born 1997), Norwegian singer-songwriter

Geir Karlsen (born 1948), Norwegian footballer

Geir Karlsen (born 1965), Norwegian CEO

Johan Sigurd Karlsen (1894–1967), Norwegian politician

Kari Karlsen (born 1952), Norwegian high jumper

Karl Henry Karlsen (1893–1979), Norwegian politician

Morten Karlsen (born 1979), Danish footballer

Svend Karlsen (born 1967), Norwegian strongman

Tor Ottar Karlsen (born 1950), Norwegian politician

Tor Ottar Karlsen
Tor Ottar Karlsen (born 13 March 1950) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Rolvsøy and grew up in Åsgårdstrand. From 1980 to 1992 he was involved in local politics in Lier, and from 1992 to 1996 he chaired the county chapter of the Labour Party. From 1994 to 1996, during Brundtland's Third Cabinet, he was a political advisor in the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs.

Following the 1999 elections, Karlsen became the new county mayor (fylkesordfører) of Buskerud. He was re-elected in 2003, but stepped down before the 2007 election. He is a member of the board in Southern Norway Regional Health Authority.
Grant Underwood
Grant Revon Underwood is a historian of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and a professor at Brigham Young University (BYU).  He is also the author of The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism and the editor of Voyages of Faith: Explorations in Mormon Pacific History.

Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought is an independent quarterly journal that addresses a wide range of issues on Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint Movement.

The journal publishes peer-reviewed academic articles on subjects such as anthropology, sociology, theology, history, and science. The journal also publishes fiction, poetry, and graphic arts. Dialogue authors regularly include both members of the Mormon community and non-Mormon scholars interested in Mormon studies. Douglas Davies and Jan Shipps are some of the non-Mormon academics that publish in Dialogue. Examples of Mormon authors are Eugene England, Richard Bushman, Claudia Bushman, Gregory Prince, and Mary Lythgoe Bradford.
Stockbury
Stockbury is a village and civil parish in the Maidstone district of Kent, England. The population of the civil parish at the Census 2011 was 691.

In 1800, Edward Hasted noted, it was called in the Domesday survey, Stochingeberge, in later records, Stockesburie, and then Stockbury.
Most of the parish was within the hundred of Eyhorne and a division of West Kent.

Most of the parish is on a valley (between Key Street, Sittingbourne and Detling Hill, Maidstone).

On St. Mary Magdalen's day, 22 July, there used to be a pedlars fair near the Three Squirrels public house.

The parish church, dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, is a Grade I listed building and the adjacent ringwork is a scheduled monument. Listed in the Domesday Book.

Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town in the Swale district of Kent, southeast England, 17 miles (27 km) from Canterbury and 45 miles (72 km) from London, beside the Roman Watling Street, an ancient trackway used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons. In 2021 it had a population of 54,392.

The town stands next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The town became prominent after the death of Thomas Becket in 1170, since it provided a convenient resting point on the road from London to Canterbury and Dover.

Chatham Main Line links to London Victoria station and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Comp (command)
In computing, comp is a command used on DEC OS/8, DOS, DR FlexOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows and related computer operating systems such as ReactOS. It is used to perform comparisons of multiple computer files to show the differences between them.

OS/8
OS/8 is the primary operating system used on the Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-8 minicomputer.

PDP-8 operating systems which precede OS/8 include:

R-L Monitor, also referred to as MS/8.

P?S/8, requiring only 4K of memory.

PDP-8 4K Disk Monitor System

PS/8 ("Programming System/8"), requiring 8K. This is what became OS/8 in 1971.

Other/related DEC operating systems are OS/78, OS/278, and OS/12. The latter is a virtually identical version of OS/8, and runs on Digital's PDP-12 computer.

Digital released OS/8 images for non-commercial purposes which can be emulated through SIMH.
Calvi (surname)
Calvi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michelangelo Calvi, American artist

Alessandro Calvi (born 1983), Italian swimmer

Anna Calvi (born 1980), English musician

Gaetanina Calvi (1887–1964), Italian engineer

Gérard Calvi (1922–2015), French composer

Giorgio Calvi di Bergolo (1887–1977), Italian general

Guido Calvi (1893–1958), Italian middle-distance runner

Jacopo Alessandro Calvi (1740–1815), Italian painter

Laura M. Calvi, American neuroendocrinologist and physician-scientist

Lazzaro Calvi (1512–1587), Italian painter

Mark Calvi (born 1969), American college baseball coach

Mary Calvi (born 1969), American journalist

Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi (1490–1561), 62nd Doge of the Republic of Genoa

Pino Calvi (1930–1989), Italian pianist and composer

Rinaldo di Calvi, Italian Renaissance painter

Roberto Calvi (1920–1982), Italian banker

Yves Calvi (born 1959), French journalist

Gérard Calvi
Gérard Calvi (born Grégoire Krettly; 26 July 1922 – 20 February 2015) was a French composer.

Interested in music from an early age, Calvi's first composing work was for the French production The Patron in 1949. From here he provided music for various French films, most notably Gangster Boss, as well as the show La Plume de Ma Tante, which was nominated for Best Musical at the 13th Tony Awards.

He composed music for three Asterix films: Asterix the Gaul, Asterix and Cleopatra and The Twelve Tasks of Asterix.

He also composed the memorable Asterix theme for the first film, which was dispensed with by the time the music for The Twelve Tasks of Asterix was composed in 1976.

His last work was for the feature film The Crab Revolution in 2004. He died in 2015, aged 92.
Funa Nakayama
Funa Nakayama (中山 楓奈, Nakayama Fūna; born 17 June 2005) is a Japanese skateboarder from Toyama City.  Nakayama won a bronze medal in the women's street competition at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. In January 2023, she became the first Asian woman to be featured on the cover of Thrasher.

Thrasher (magazine)
Thrasher is an American skateboarding media brand founded in January 1981 by Eric Swenson and Fausto Vitello, who also founded Independent Truck Company, and officially launched as a skateboard magazine. Since the 1990s, Thrasher has expanded its presence in television, video production, online blogging and merchandising.
Nooa Takooa
Nooa Takooa (born 10 March 1993) is a sprinter who is internationally representing Kiribati. He participated in 2009 World Championships in Athletics and 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. He represented Kiribati at 2012 Summer Olympics in London in the Men's 100m event. Takooa was eliminated in the preliminary round but finished with a personal best time of 11.53. Takooa is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the Olympic Stadium on 4–5 August 2012. Seventy-four athletes from 61 nations competed. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The competition comprised four rounds: a preliminary round for entrants without the minimum qualifying standard, a heats round, followed by three semi-finals of eight athletes each, which then reduced to eight athletes for the final.
Ellen van der Weijden-Bast
Eleonora Johanna "Ellen" van der Weijden-Bast (born 29 August 1971) is a Dutch former water polo player. She was a member of the Netherlands women's national water polo team.

She competed with the team at the 2000 Summer Olympics and also at World Championships including the 1998 World Aquatics Championships.

Water polo at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The water polo competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia saw Hungary’s return to the gold medal platform and the introduction of the women’s tournament. The Australian women had lobbied the IOC hard for the inclusion of women’s water polo in the Olympics, including showing up at the airport dressed only in their swimsuits during one pre-Olympic visit by members of the IOC.

Six nations competed in the women’s tournament with home team Australia winning the gold medal over the United States. Twelve nations competed in the men’s tournament and played a total of 48 matches. Spain was unable to follow up their 1996 gold medal performance with a medal. Hungary defeated Russia for the gold medal. The matches were held at Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre and the Sydney Olympic Aquatic Centre.
1971 NCAA College Division basketball tournament
The 1971 NCAA College Division basketball tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA College Division college basketball as a culmination of the 1970-71 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of Evansville, with Evansville's Don Buse named the Most Outstanding Player.

Southwestern Louisiana's tournament and semifinal appearances were later vacated due to NCAA rules violations.

Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns men's basketball
The Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns men's basketball program represents intercollegiate men's basketball at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. The school competes in the Sun Belt Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and play home games at the Cajundome in Lafayette, Louisiana. Quannas White is the head coach of the team after the firing of Bob Marlin in December 2024. Louisiana has appeared in the NCAA tournament eleven times, most recently in 2023. The Ragin' Cajuns have won the Sun Belt Conference tournament title seven times.
Differential staining
Differential staining is a staining process which uses more than one chemical stain.  Using multiple stains can better differentiate between different microorganisms or structures/cellular components of a single organism.

Differential staining is used to detect abnormalities in the proportion of different white blood cells in the blood.  The process or results are called a WBC differential.  This test is useful because many diseases alter the proportion of certain white blood cells.  By analyzing these differences in combination with a clinical exam and other lab tests, medical professionals can diagnose disease.

One commonly recognizable use of differential staining is the Gram stain.  Gram staining uses two dyes: Crystal violet and Fuchsin or Safranin (the counterstain) to differentiate between Gram-positive bacteria (large Peptidoglycan layer on outer surface of cell) and Gram-negative bacteria.

Acid-fast stains are also differential stains.

Crystal violet
Crystal violet or gentian violet, also known as methyl violet 10B or hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride, is a triarylmethane dye used as a histological stain and in Gram's method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic (vermicide) properties and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic. The medical use of the dye has been largely superseded by more modern drugs, although it is still listed by the World Health Organization.

The name gentian violet was once used for a mixture of methyl pararosaniline dyes (methyl violet), but it is considered a synonym for crystal violet. The name refers to its colour, being like that of the petals of certain gentian flowers; it is not made from gentians or violets.