hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robinson v Harman
Robinson v Harman (1848) 1 Ex Rep 850 is an English contract law case, which is best known for a classic formulation by the judge, James Parke (at 855) on the purpose and measure of compensatory damages for breach of contract that,

the rule of the common law is, that where a party sustains loss by reason of a breach of contract, he is, so far as money can do it to be placed in the same situation, with respect to damages, as if the contract had been performed.

Breach of contract
Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. Breach occurs when a party to a contract fails to fulfill its obligation(s), whether partially or wholly, as described in the contract, or communicates an intent to fail the obligation or otherwise appears not to be able to perform its obligation under the contract. Where there is breach of contract, the resulting damages have to be paid to the aggrieved party by the party breaching the contract.

If a contract is rescinded, parties are legally allowed to undo the work unless doing so would directly charge the other party at that exact time.
Olympic Flight Museum
The Olympic Flight Museum is an aviation museum at the Olympia Airport in Olympia, Washington, USA. The museum has more than 10 vintage planes and helicopters on display, most of which are in airworthy condition. The museum also hosts the annual Olympic Air Show in June, featuring a selection of heritage and current military aircraft demonstrations.

The museum is operated by a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization by the same name.

Aviation museum
An aviation museum, air museum, or air and space museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of aviation. In addition to actual, replica or accurate reproduction aircraft, exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by aviators.
Customs Law Repeal Act 1825
The Customs Law Repeal Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 105), also known as the Customs' Laws' Repeal Act 1825, the Customs Repeal Act 1825 or the Customs Act 1825, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed various enactments relating to customs in the United Kingdom from 1558 to 1823.

Committee of the Whole House (United Kingdom)
In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Committee of the whole House is a committee of the whole of one of the two Houses.

In the House of Commons, the Committee of the whole House is used instead of a public bill committee for the committee stage (clause-by-clause debate) of constitutional or ethical importance, or for contentious bills. The Finance Bill is always sent to a Committee of the whole House in the Commons. The sitting is presided over by the Chairman of Ways and Means, rather than the Speaker of the House, sitting in the clerk's chair (at the Table of the House) rather than the Speaker's chair normally occupied by the presiding officer, and is addressed as "Chair" instead of "Deputy speaker".

In the House of Lords, the Committee of the whole House examines the majority of bills.
Newton Cinema
Newton Cinema is a film production company founded in 2020 by Anto Chittilappilly and Sanita Chittilappilly. The company offices in Boston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Mumbai and Kochi. Newton Cinema is known for producing artistically ambitious films that have premiered at major international festivals and garnered global critical acclaim. The company focuses on storytelling that reflects diverse cultural perspectives, often collaborating with visionary filmmakers.

Mubi (streaming service)
Mubi (/ˈmuːbi/; styled MUBI; known as The Auteurs until 2010) is a British streaming platform, production company and film distributor. Mubi produces and theatrically distributes films by emerging and established filmmakers, which are exclusively available on its platform. The catalogue consists of world cinema films, such as arthouse, documentary and independent films. Additionally, it publishes Notebook, a film criticism and news publication, and provides weekly cinema tickets to selected new-release films through Mubi Go.

Mubi's streaming platform is available in over 190 countries through its website, or using Android TV, Chromecast, Roku devices, Apple Vision Pro, PlayStation consoles, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, LG or Samsung Smart TVs, or mobile devices including iPhone, iPad and Android.
Maya-1
Maya-1 was a Filipino nanosatellite. It was developed under the Philippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite program (PHL-Microsat) and was jointly implemented by the University of the Philippines and the Department of Science and Technology as part of the Kyushu Institute of Technology-led multinational second Joint Global Multi-nations Birds Satellite (Birds-2). Maya-1 was the first nanosatellite of the Philippines.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Chelone glabra
Chelone glabra, or white turtlehead, is a herbaceous species of plant native to North America. Its native range extends from Georgia to Newfoundland and Labrador and from Mississippi to Manitoba. Its common name comes from the appearance of its flower petals, which resemble the head of a tortoise. In fact, in Greek, chelone means "tortoise" and was the name of a nymph who refused to attend the wedding of Zeus and was turned into a turtle as punishment. Its natural habitat is wet areas, such as riparian forests and swamps.

Its classification at the family level has in the past been controversial, but as a result of DNA sequence studies, it is now regarded as belonging to family Plantaginaceae (the plantain family). In early taxonomic treatments the species was divided into a number of subspecific categories but more recent studies indicate no morphological or genetic basis for these taxonomic categories.

Riparian forest
A riparian forest or riparian woodland is a forested or wooded area of land adjacent to a body of water such as a river, stream, pond, lake, marshland, estuary, canal, sink, or reservoir. Due to the broad nature of the definition, riparian woodlands have a huge diversity of characteristics including but not limited to soil composition, microclimates, and vegetative structures. However, among the varied range and landscapes, one factor stays constant: a high rate of primary productivity. This makes riparian forests hugely important centers of nutrient recycling.
QuidelOrtho
QuidelOrtho Corporation is an American manufacturer of diagnostic healthcare products that are sold worldwide.

On May 8, 2020 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued to Quidel the first emergency use authorization (EUA) for a COVID-19 rapid antigen test, a new category of tests for use in the ongoing pandemic. These diagnostic tests quickly detect fragments of proteins found on or within the virus by testing samples collected from the nasal cavity using swabs.

Emergency Use Authorization
An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the United States is an authorization granted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as added to and amended by various Acts of Congress, including by the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (PAHPRA), as codified by 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3, to allow the use of a drug prior to approval. It does not constitute approval of the drug in the full statutory meaning of the term, but instead authorizes the FDA to facilitate availability of an unapproved product, or an unapproved use of an approved product, during a declared state of emergency from one of several agencies or of a "material threat" by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
Face Off season 6
The sixth season of the Syfy reality television series Face Off premiered on January 14, 2014. The season features 15 prosthetic-makeup artists competing against each other to create makeup effects. In this season, the judges have the power to save one contestant who would normally be eliminated.  The grand prize for the sixth season is a VIP trip from Kryolan to one of their 85 locations, a 2014 Fiat 500, and $100,000. Rashaad Santiago of The Bronx, New York City, New York won this season.

Kryolan
Kryolan is a world-wide cosmetics company founded and headquartered in Berlin, Germany. By some estimates, Kryolan creates two-thirds of global production of professional makeup for film, TV and theater.
Scouting in South West England
Scouting in South West England is about Scouting activities in the governmental region of South West England. The largest number of Scouts, volunteer leaders and groups are members of the Scout Association of the United Kingdom while there are some traditional Scouting groups such as the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association. The Scout Association administers the region through 7 Scout Counties, overseen by a regional commissioner, which follow the boundaries of the ceremonial counties they exist within. There are six active student associations at various universities in the region, each of which is affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation (SSAGO).

Brownsea Island Scout camp
Brownsea Island Scout camp is a historic Scout campsite on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour in southern England, which was the site of Robert Baden-Powell's 1907 experimental camp for boys to test ideas for his book Scouting for Boys, which led to the rapid growth of the Scout movement. Boys from different social backgrounds participated from 1 to 8 August 1907 in activities around camping, observation, woodcraft, chivalry, lifesaving and patriotism.

Boy Scout camped on the island until the early 1930s. In 1963, a formal 50-acre (20 ha) Scout campsite was created after the island became a nature conservation area owned by the National Trust. In 1973, a Scout Jamboree with six hundred Scouts was held on the island. On 1 August 2007, a centenary of Scouting event, including four Scout camps and a Sunrise Ceremony, took place at the Brownsea Island Scout camp on the 100th anniversary of the start of the experimental encampment.
Abu Mohammad Sarwar Farid
Abu Mohammad Sarwar Farid ndc, afwc, psc is a major general of the Bangladesh Army currently serving as director general of National Security Intelligence and formerly the commandant of the Bangladesh Military Academy. Before that, he was deputy military secretary (DMS) at Bangladesh Army Headquarters and also served as director of armour in Army Headquarters, Armoured Directorate. He commanded 93 Armoured Brigade under 11th Infantry Division in Bogra. After that he served as a directing staff in Armed Forces War Course Wing in National Defence College, Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Oso O Kosmos Tha Ehi Esena
"Oso O Kosmos Tha Ehi Esena” (Greek: Όσο ο Κόσμος θα έχει Εσένα, lit. 'As long as the world has you in it') is a song by Greek singer Demy featuring Mike. It was released as a digital download in Greece on 7 July 2014 as the third single from her second studio album Rodino Oneiro (2014). The song peaked at number 1 on the Greek Singles Chart.

IFPI Greece
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Greece, or simply IFPI Greece, is the Greek branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and is the official charts provider and recording sales certification body for Greece. The association compiles and publishes a Top 75 album sales chart.

The domestic trade name of IFPI Greece is "Ένωση Ελλήνων Παραγωγών Ηχογραφημάτων" (ΕΕΠΗ) (English: Association of Greek Producers of Phonograms [AGPP]). Despite that, 'IFPI Greece' is the name used to refer to the association and the name it is branded under.
Hinduism in Nepal
Hinduism is the largest religion in Nepal. In 2006, the country declared itself a secular country through democracy, after the abolition of its monarchy. According to the 2021 census, the Hindu population in Nepal is estimated to be around 23,677,744 which accounts for at least 81.19% of the country's population, the highest percentage of Hindus of any country in the world. Vikram Samvat, one of the two official calendars used in Nepal, is a solar calendar essentially the same to that widespread in North India as a religious calendar, and is based on Solar unit of time.

Among the ethnic groups are the Bahun, Thakuri, Tharu, Chhetri, Magars, Hill Dalits, Madheshi, Newari people. Meanwhile, among the major ethnic groups Sherpa, Rai, Limbu, Gurung and Tamang have lowest percentage of followers of Hinduism within the group.

Solar calendar
A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicates the season or almost equivalently the apparent position of the Sun relative to the stars. The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar. The main other types of calendar are lunar calendar and lunisolar calendar, whose months correspond to cycles of Moon phases. The months of the Gregorian calendar do not correspond to cycles of the Moon phase.

The Egyptians appear to have been the first to develop a solar calendar, using as a fixed point the annual sunrise reappearance of the Dog Star—Sirius, or Sothis—in the eastern sky, which coincided with the annual flooding of the Nile River. They constructed a calendar of 365 days, consisting of 12 months of 30 days each, with 5 days added at the year’s end. The Egyptians’ failure to account for the extra fraction of a day, however, caused their calendar to drift gradually into error.
William Anderson Brown
William Anderson Brown (August 4, 1861 – September 26, 1940) was an American lawyer and politician.

Brown was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He went to University of Pennsylvania and then received his law degree from University of Michigan Law School. He moved to Minnesota in 1891 and settled in Lanesboro, Minnesota and then in Winona, Minnesota. He moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1906. Brown served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1901 and 1902 and in 1905 and 1906. He then served in the Minnesota Senate from 1937 until his death in 1940.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Giles Lamb
Giles Lamb is a British music composer and sound designer. Lamb composed the trailer theme for the 2011 video game Dead Island, as well additional music and sound design for the films Valhalla Rising, Wild Country, Asylum and Blinded.

Sound design
Sound design is the art and practice of creating auditory elements of media. It involves specifying, acquiring and creating audio using production techniques and equipment or software. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, video game development, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio, new media and musical instrument development. Sound design commonly involves performing (see e.g. Foley) and editing of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue for the purposes of the medium, but it can also involve creating sounds from scratch through synthesizers. A sound designer is one who practices sound design.
Balacra haemalea
Balacra haemalea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.

William Jacob Holland
Rev William Jacob Holland FRSE LLD (August 16, 1848 – December 13, 1932) was the eighth Chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh (1891–1901) and Director of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. He was an accomplished lepidopterist, zoologist, and paleontologist, as well as an ordained Presbyterian minister.
Elmer Espiritu
Elmer Torres Espiritu (born November 23, 1985) is a Filipino former professional basketball player who last played for Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played five seasons for the University of the East Red Warriors in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines from 2005 to 2009. He captained the Warriors team that finished runner-up to the Ateneo de Manila Blue Eagles in the 2009 season, where he averaged 13.9 points, 7.5 rebounds and 2.6 blocks per game while winning two with the Highlight Player of the Year and the Defensive Player trophies.

UE Red Warriors basketball
The UE Red Warriors are the collegiate men's basketball team of the University of the East, which play in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), the premiere sports league in the country.
Symphurus
Symphurus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Most species mainly occur in relatively shallow water, including estuaries. Some species are also found in deeper water, including S. thermophilus that lives at hydrothermal vents (the only flatfish known from this habitat). These species are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults, their crania are asymmetrical, with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to about 32 cm (1 ft) long.

Lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ, is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation.

Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago.
Heqaib
Pepinakht, nicknamed Heqaib, also Hekaib or Hekayeb (fl. c. 2250 BC), was an ancient Egyptian nomarch of the 1st Nome of Upper Egypt ("Land of the Bow") under king Pepi II, towards the end of the 6th Dynasty. He was also an officer in charge of military expeditions in Nubia.

Heqaib was posthumously deified for his military prowess.

Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر Ṣaʿīd Miṣr, shortened to الصعيد, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [es.sˤe.ˈʕiːd], locally: [es.sˤɑ.ˈʕiːd]) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus starts at Beni Suef and stretches down to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
2008 California State Assembly election
The 2008 California State Assembly elections were held on November 4, 2008. Voters in all 80 of California's State Assembly districts voted for their representative. Other elections were also held on November 4. Only five seats changed parties: one to the Republican Party and four to the Democratic Party, which maintained a majority with 51 seats.

Of the 80 State Assembly districts, only about nine were considered truly competitive by political analysts.

California Republican Party
The California Republican Party (CAGOP) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in  the U.S. state of California. The party is based in Sacramento, California and is led by chair Corrin Rankin.

As of October 2023, Republicans represent approximately 23.9% of the state's registered voters, placing the party far behind the California Democratic Party which has 46.8% of registered voters. The party is a super minority in the California State Legislature, holding less than 1/3 (33.3%) of the seats in both chambers of the legislature: 20 seats out of 80 in the California State Assembly (23.75%), and 9 seats out of 40 in the California State Senate (23%). The party holds none of the eight statewide executive branch offices, 9 of the state's 52 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives delegation (17%), and neither of California's seats in the U.S. Senate.
Haegelisdun
Haegelisdun was the site where Edmund the Martyr the King of East Anglia was killed by the Viking Great Heathen Army, and was the initial place where his relics were venerated before moving to Beodricesworth monastery (modern day Bury St Edmunds).

St Edmund's incorrupt relics had been venerated from around the early tenth century at in a wooden chapel in Haegelisdun commemorating the original burial place near to where he was killed.

The location has never been conclusively identified. The placename was long and widely thought - probably in error - to refer to Hoxne in Suffolk. Other proposed sites have been Bradfield St Clare, Hellesdon in Norfolk (documented as Hægelisdun c. 985) and more recently Maldon in Essex.

At a date generally assumed by historians to have been during the reign of Æthelstan, who became king of the Anglo-Saxons in 924, Edmund's body was translated from Haegelisdun to Beodricesworth monastery.

Incorruptibility
Incorruptibility is a Catholic and Orthodox belief that divine intervention allows some human bodies (specifically saints and beati) to completely or partially avoid the normal process of decomposition after death as a sign of their holiness.

Incorruptibility is thought to occur even in the presence of factors which normally hasten decomposition, as in the cases of saints Catherine of Genoa, Julie Billiart and Francis Xavier.