hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of United States antitrust law
The history of United States antitrust law is generally taken to begin with the Sherman Antitrust Act 1890, although some form of policy to regulate competition in the market economy has existed throughout the common law's history. Although "trust" had a technical legal meaning, the word was commonly used to denote big business, especially a large, growing manufacturing conglomerate of the sort that suddenly emerged in great numbers in the 1880s and 1890s. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 began a shift towards federal rather than state regulation of big business. It was followed by the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936, and the Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950.

Northern Securities Co. v. United States
Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197 (1904), was a case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1903. The Court ruled 5-4 against the stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies, which had essentially formed a monopoly, and to dissolve the Northern Securities Company.
1999–2000 NHL transactions
This list is for 1999–2000 NHL transactions within professional ice hockey league of players in North America. The following contains team-to-team transactions that occurred in the National Hockey League during the 1999–2000 NHL season.  It lists what team each player has been traded to, or claimed by, and for which players or draft picks, if applicable.

Sports league
A sports league is a group of individual athletes, sports teams or clubs who form a league to compete against each other and gain points in a specific sport. At its simplest, it may be a local group of amateur athletes who form teams among themselves and compete periodically, at its most complex, it can be an international professional league making large amounts of money and involving dozens of teams and thousands of players.
W. B. Taylor
William Benjamin Taylor CBE (22 May 1875 – 29 July 1932) was a British farmer and politician.

Born in Norfolk, Taylor was educated in Watton before becoming a farmer based in Thetford.  He was also active in the Congregationalist Church, serving as a lay preacher, and became a magistrate.  He was a member of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales, and stood for the group as an agricultural candidate at the 1918 general election in East Norfolk, but was not elected.

Following his defeat, Taylor joined the Labour Party and was elected to Norfolk County Council.  He stood for the party in South West Norfolk, missing out on election in 1922, 1923 and 1924 general election, before finally winning the seat at the 1929 general election.  He lost the seat at the 1931 general election, but that year was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

East Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency)
East Norfolk was a constituency in the county of Norfolk that returned two members of parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1868. It was re-established in 1885 with representation of one member. That seat was abolished in 1950.
Penlee Battery
Penlee Battery is a nature reserve lying on the coastal headland of Penlee Point on the Rame Peninsula, in southeast Cornwall, England.

The site was formerly the location of a gun battery, constructed between 1889 and 1892. It was originally armed with two 6-inch BL guns and a 13.5-inch BL, the latter of which was the largest gun of the Plymouth defences. During World War I and II, the battery's armament was made up of three 9.2-inch guns.

After the dissolution of coast artillery in the United Kingdom in 1956 the battery was disarmed and disposed of by the War Office. Many parts of the battery were demolished and gun positions filled in during the 1970s. One of the 6-inch emplacements remains intact, while the battery's magazines remain underground, but are filled in.

It is home to a beach revealed at low tide, and is famous among dragonfly enthusiasts as the site where Britain's first Green Darner dragonfly was found, in 1998.

Green darner
The green darner or common green darner (Anax junius), after its resemblance to a darning needle, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico. It also occurs in the Caribbean, Tahiti, and Asia from Japan to mainland China. It is the official insect for the state of Washington in the United States.

The green darner is a large dragonfly; males grow to 76 mm (3.0 in) in length with a wingspan up to 80 mm (3.1 in).

Females oviposit in aquatic vegetation, eggs laid beneath the water surface. Nymphs (naiads) are aquatic carnivores, feeding on insects, tadpoles, and small fish. Adult darners catch insects on the wing, including ant alates, moths, mosquitoes, and flies.
Humpty Dumpty (magazine)
Humpty Dumpty is a bimonthly American magazine for children 2 to 6 years old that takes its title from the nursery rhyme of the same name. The magazine features short stories, poems, nonfiction articles, games, comics, recipes, crafts, and more. Having been continuously produced for more than 65 years, it is one of the oldest American magazines for kids.

Nursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and other European countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.

From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes began to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).
The Siren (song)
"The Siren" is the fourth and last single of the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish's fifth studio album Once. The song was recorded with the London Session Orchestra and includes many exotic instruments, for example an electric violin and a sitar; it also has very few lines. Vocals are by Tarja Turunen and Marko Hietala.

"Symphony of Destruction", a live cover included on the single, was originally performed by Megadeth on their album Countdown to Extinction.

The song was also performed with the second frontwoman, Anette Olzon, and on 19 September 2009, at the Hartwall Areena, the band was supported by violinist Pekka Kuusisto.

Electric violin
An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound. The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body. It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although "amplified violin" or "electro-acoustic violin" are more accurate then.
Elsa Raven
Elsa Rabinowitz (September 21, 1929 – November 2, 2020), known professionally as Elsa Raven, was an American character actress, perhaps best known for her two years (1988–1990) on the sitcom Amen and playing the mother of Vincent Terranova (Ken Wahl) on the TV series Wiseguy.

Raven is also known for her small but memorable role in Back to the Future (1985) as the clock tower lady with her phrase "Save the clock tower!" while gathering local donations to preserve the clock, whose complimentary leaflet later proves invaluable in the past. She played Ida Straus in the 1997 film Titanic along with Lew Palter, who played Isidor Straus, and had a voice role in the 1981 animated film American Pop.

Raven adhered to Judaism. Raven died on November 2, 2020, in Los Angeles, at the age of 91. Upon her death, she was cremated and her ashes returned to her family.

American Pop
American Pop is a 1981 American adult animated epic jukebox musical drama film starring Ron Thompson and produced and directed by Ralph Bakshi. It was the fourth animated feature film to be presented in Dolby sound. The film tells the story of four generations of the Belinskys, an immigrant family of musicians whose careers parallel the history of American popular music in the 20th century.

The majority of the film's animation was completed through rotoscoping, a process in which live actors are filmed and the subsequent footage is used for animators to draw over. However, the film also uses a variety of other media including water-colors, live-action shots, and archival footage.
Sinopliosaurus
Sinopliosaurus (meaning "Chinese more lizard") is a dubious genus of pliosauroid plesiosaur. It lived during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous (disputed Sinopliosaurus remains have been dated to the Toarcian age and were found in the Ziliujing Formation) of the People's Republic of China - its exact age is unknown. The type species, Sinopliosaurus weiyuanensis, was named and described in 1944 by Yang Zhongjian.  One species, "S." fusuiensis, was later shown to be based on teeth from a spinosaurid theropod dinosaur which is now known as Siamosaurus. S. weiyuanensis was considered as a freshwater plesiosaur.

The holotype, IVPP V140, consists of three vertebrae and a tooth, discovered in a layer of the Lianmugin Formation (Tugulu Group).

Yang Zhongjian
Yang Zhongjian, also Yang Chung-chien (Chinese: 杨钟健; Wade–Giles: Yang2 Chung1-chien4; 1 June 1897 – 15 January 1979), courtesy name Keqiang (克强), also known as C.C. (Chung Chien) Young, was a Chinese paleontologist and zoologist. He was one of China's foremost vertebrate paleontologists. He has been called the "Father of Chinese Vertebrate Paleontology".
Indie Wrestling Hall of Fame
The Indie Wrestling Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors professional wrestlers and wrestling personalities who contributed to the independent circuit, founded by Game Changer Wrestling (GCW) and the Orange Crush magazine.

Game Changer Wrestling
Game Changer Wrestling (GCW), formerly known as Jersey Championship Wrestling (JCW), is an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in New Jersey. The promotion was originally founded by Ricky Otazu in 1999; it was rebranded under its current name in 2015, after a sale to Danny Demanto and current owner Brett Lauderdale. The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling, as well as mixed martial arts–inspired shoot style matches.

GCW has grown from running shows based in New Jersey, to holding events across the United States, as well as internationally in Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, France, and Mexico. Annual GCW events include Backyard Wrestling, Bloodsport, Joey Janela's Spring Break, the NGI, and the Tournament of Survival.
Emma Gad
Emma Gad (21 January 1852 - 8 January 1921), born Emma Halkier, was a Danish writer and socialite who wrote plays and books that were often satirical. Although she was a prolific writer, many of her works fell into obscurity after her death. One work that remained popular was Takt og Tone, a book of etiquette she wrote in old age.

She received a gold Medal of Merit in 1905. Today her plays are preserved in Denmark's Royal Library.

Medal of Merit (Denmark)
The Medal of Merit (Danish: Fortjenstmedaljen) is the oldest extant award medal presented by the Kingdom of Denmark.  Established by Christian VII on 16 May 1792, and re-instituted by ordinance of Christian VIII on 24 July 1845, it is a personal award of the Sovereign.
Elliott, Mississippi
Elliott is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grenada County, Mississippi, United States, and part of the Grenada Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 990.

Elliott is located on the southern edge of Grenada County, with its southern border following the Montgomery County line. It is along U.S. Route 51, 7 miles (11 km) south of Grenada, the county seat, and 4 miles (6 km) north of Duck Hill. The Camp McCain Training Center of the Mississippi National Guard is 3 miles (5 km) to the east.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Elliott CDP has an area of 4.5 square miles (11.7 km2), all of it land. The community is in the valley of Batupan Bogue, a northwest-flowing tributary of the Yalobusha River.

Elliott is located on the former Illinois Central Railroad.

A post office operated under the name Elliott from 1860 to 1964.

Duck Hill, Mississippi
Duck Hill is a town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 619 at the 2020 census, down from 732 in 2010.

Duck Hill is located on U.S. Route 51, midway between Grenada and Winona. Big Bogue Creek flows east and north of the town.

The Lucie E. Campbell Gospel and Heritage Festival takes place each summer in Duck Hill.
Jan Moldenhauer
Jan Moldenhauer (born 5 December 1980 in Bergisch Gladbach) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt since 2021. He has served as chairman of the Alternative for Germany in Magdeburg since 2020.

Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt
The Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt is the parliament of the German federal state Saxony-Anhalt. It convenes in Magdeburg and currently consists of 97 members of six parties. The current majority is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Free Democratic Party  and the Christian Democratic Union, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Reiner Haseloff.
Acácio Pereira Magro
Acácio Pereira Magro (3 September 1932 – 6 April 2018) was a Portuguese academic, economist and politician.

Born in Lisbon on 3 September 1932, he studied Economics and Management at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon. He was vice-president of the Banco Nacional Ultramarino. He was named Minister of Social Affairs in 1978 by Prime Minister Alfredo Nobre da Costa and later was in Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto's government. He was appointed Minister of Commerce and Tourism on 1 August 1979 by Prime Minister Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo.

He died on 6 April 2018 at the age of 85.

Ministry of Economy and Territorial Cohesion
The Ministry of Economy and Territorial Cohesion (Portuguese: Ministério da Economia e da Coesão Territorial) is a Portuguese government ministry. It was created in 2025 by the XXV Constitutional Government as a merger of the Ministry of Economy and Ministry of Territorial Cohesion.

It is responsible for overseeing and executing public policies related to economic activities (namely commerce, tourism, services and industry) and spatial planning.
White Face
White Face (also known as Edgar Wallace's White Face the Fiend) is a 1932 British crime film directed by T. Hayes Hunter and starring Hugh Williams, Gordon Harker and Renee Gadd. The film was written by Angus MacPhail and Bryan Edgar Wallace based on the 1929 play Persons Unknown by Edgar Wallace.

Angus MacPhail
Angus Roy MacPhail (8 April 1903 – 22 April 1962) was an English screenwriter who was active from the late 1920s onwards. He is best remembered for his work with Alfred Hitchcock and for coining the term "MacGuffin".
Mahmood Bijankhan
Mahmoud Bijankhan (Persian: محمود بی‌جن‌خان; born 1958 in Abadan) is an Iranian linguist and professor of linguistics at the University of Tehran.
He is the creator of Bijankhan Corpus and a winner of Khwarizmi International Award.
Bijankhan received his BSc in applied mathematics from the University of Texas at Arlington (1981) and his MA (1990) and PhD (1996) in linguistics from the University of Tehran. 
He is known for his research on Persian phonetics and phonology and creating Persian corpora.

University of Texas at Arlington
The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA or UT Arlington) is a public research university in Arlington, Texas, United States. It is the second oldest university in the University of Texas System and was founded in 1895. It was in the Texas A&M University System for several decades until joining the University of Texas System in 1965.

The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The fall 2024 campus enrollment consisted of 41,613 students making it the second largest university in the UT System after UT Austin, in North Texas and fifth-largest in Texas. UT Arlington is the third-largest producer of college graduates in Texas and offers over 180 baccalaureate, masters, and doctoral degree programs.

UT Arlington participates in 15 intercollegiate sports as a Division I member of the NCAA and Western Athletic Conference. UTA sports teams have been known as the Mavericks since 1971.
You Must Be Love
You Must Be Love is the third and last album by Euro disco group Love & Kisses, released on Casablanca Records in 1979. On this 1979 album, Alec R. Costandinos composed all the tracks, such as the title cut. Also, this album features Katie Kissoon, Costandinos himself, Vicki Brown, credited on the back cover of the album as "Vickie Brown", Stephanie de Sykes, Arthur Simms, André Ceccarelli, credited on the back cover of the album as "Dede Ceccarelli", Liza Strike and Helen Chappelle.

Alec R. Costandinos
Alec Rupen Costandinos, (born Alexandre Garbis Sarkis Kouyoumdjian, 20 March 1944) is a French composer, music producer, songwriter and singer, known for his contributions to disco music. He dominated the disco and Euro-disco genres in the late 1970s.
Grupo Cadena
Grupo Cadena, formerly known as Cadena Baja California, was a media company based in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, with business offices in San Diego, California, United States. CBC had media properties located in Tijuana, Ensenada, Tecate and Mexicali.

Mexicali
Mexicali (English:  /ˌmɛksɪˈkæli/; Spanish: [mexiˈkali] ⓘ)  is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California. The city, which abuts the Mexico–United States border and the U.S. city of Calexico, California, is the seat of the Mexicali Municipality.  It has a population of 689,775, according to the 2010 census, while the Calexico–Mexicali metropolitan area is home to combined 1,000,000. Mexicali is a regional economic and cultural hub for the border region of The Californias.

Mexicali was founded at the turn of the 20th century, when the region's agricultural economy experienced a period of boom. The city rapidly expanded throughout the 20th century, owing to the proliferation of maquiladoras in the city, making the Mexicali economy more interconnected with businesses from across the border. Today, Mexicali is a major manufacturing center and an emerging tourist destination.
Uckermark – Barnim I
Uckermark – Barnim I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 57. It is located in northeastern Brandenburg, comprising the Uckermark district and most of the Barnim district.

Uckermark – Barnim I was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Stefan Zierke of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Hannes Gnauck of the AfD.

Hannes Gnauck
Hannes Gnauck (born 8 August 1991) is a German Alternative for Germany (AfD) politician. He was the last federal chairman of the far-right youth organization of the AfD, Young Alternative for Germany (JA) and has been a member of the Bundestag since 2021.

Germany's Military Counterintelligence Service (MAD) classifies him as a “recognized extremist”.
Abor Formation
The Abor Formation   is located in the Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is dated to the Permian. This formation consists of basalt, volcaniclastic breccia and rhyotaxitic dacite. This formation was named by the Abor Expedition of 1911-1912.

Volcaniclastics
Volcaniclastics are geologic materials composed of broken fragments (clasts) of volcanic rock. These encompass all clastic volcanic materials, regardless of what process fragmented the rock, how it was subsequently transported, what environment it was deposited in, or whether nonvolcanic material is mingled with the volcanic clasts. The United States Geological Survey defines volcaniclastics somewhat more narrowly, to include only rock composed of volcanic rock fragments that have been transported some distance from their place of origin.

In the broad sense of the term, volcaniclastics includes pyroclastic rocks such as the Bandelier Tuff; cinder cones and other tephra deposits; the basal and capping breccia that characterize ʻaʻā lava flows; and lahars and debris flows of volcanic origin.

Volcaniclastics make up more of the volume of many volcanoes than do lava flows. Volcaniclastics may have contributed as much as a third of all sedimentation in the geologic record.
Abisynia, Tczew County
Abisynia [abiˈsɨɲa] is a hamlet in the administrative district of Gmina Gniew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The settlement lies within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie.

Gmina Gniew
Gmina Gniew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Gniew, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) south of Tczew and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 194.78 square kilometres (75.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 15,534 (out of which the population of Gniew amounts to 6,787, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,747).
2012 Superbike World Championship
The 2012 Superbike World Championship was the twenty-fifth season of the Superbike World Championship. It began on 26 February at Phillip Island and ended on 7 October in Magny-Cours after 14 rounds.

The season saw the number of complete motorcycles in use limited to one per rider; this meant that the rules allowing bike changes during a race (flag-to-flag) were cancelled.

Aprilia rider Max Biaggi clinched his second SBK championship, pipping Kawasaki rider Tom Sykes by just half a point. Marco Melandri won more races than both Biaggi and Sykes this season but failing to score points in 5 of the last 6 races cost him the title.

Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit
The Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Ventnor, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The current circuit was first used in 1952.

Along with The Bend Motorsport Park in South Australia, the 4.448 km (2.764 mi) long island circuit is one of two race tracks in Australia to carry a FIM Category A track licence which allows for the highest level of motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Phillip Island also carries an FIA Grade 3 track licence.
Eastwood and Langley Mill railway station
Eastwood and Langley Mill railway station is a former railway station serving the town of Eastwood and the village of Langley Mill in Derbyshire, England. It was opened by the Great Northern Railway on its Derbyshire Extension in 1875–6.

It lay on the branch from Awsworth Junction, where it crossed the Giltbrook Viaduct, on the way to Pinxton. At the time it was in Nottinghamshire, but since recent boundary changes it would now be in on the border of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. It closed in 1963 and was demolished by 1976, and the trackbed was used for the Eastwood Bypass.

Langley Mill and Eastwood was nearby on the Midland Railway Erewash Valley Line.

Pinxton
Pinxton is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire on the western boundary of Nottinghamshire, England, just south of the Pinxton Interchange at Junction 28 of the M1 motorway where the A38 road meets the M1. Pinxton is part of the Bolsover District and at the 2021 Census had a population of 5,652.