hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papal States under Pope Pius IX
Under Pope Pius IX, the Papal States assumed a much more modern and secular character than had been seen under previous pontificates, and yet this progressive modernization was not nearly sufficient in resisting the tide of political liberalization and unification in Italy during the middle of the 19th century.

A view of the Papal States from the perspective of the mid-19th 
century is readily available.

Theocracy
Theocracy or ethiocracy is a form of autocracy or oligarchy in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities giving divine guidance to human intermediaries with executive, legislative or judicial power who manage the government's daily affairs.
Friedland, Brandenburg
Friedland (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtˌlant] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Bryland) is a town in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated in the historic Lower Lusatia region, about 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Beeskow, and 39 km (24 mi) north of Cottbus.

Oder-Spree
Oder-Spree is a Kreis (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring are (from north clockwise) the district Märkisch-Oderland, the district-free city Frankfurt (Oder), Poland, the districts Spree-Neiße and Dahme-Spreewald, and the Bundesland Berlin.
Michèle Wigger
Michèle Angela Wigger is an information theorist whose research concerns channel capacity in telecommunications. Educated in Switzerland, she works in France as a professor in the Information Processing and Communication Laboratory of Télécom Paris.

Télécom Paris
Télécom Paris is an engineering grande école located in Palaiseau, France. It is a member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris and the Institut Mines-Télécom. In 2021, it was the sixth highest ranked French university in THE World University Rankings, and the 7th best small university worldwide.
In the QS Ranking, Télécom Paris is the 64th best university worldwide in engineering.

In 1991, Télécom Paris and the EPFL established a school named EURECOM located in Sophia-Antipolis. Students can be admitted either in Palaiseau or in Sophia-Antipolis.
Tomb of Bibi Dokhtaran
The Tomb of Bibi Dokhtaran (Persian: آرامگاه بی‌بی دختران; Arabic: ضريح بيبي دتشتران), also known as the Bibi Dokhtaran Mausoleum, is a mausoleum located in Shiraz, in the province of Fars. Iran. The complex was built during the Ilkhanid era.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 12 July 1968, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
Je suis l'enfant soleil
"Je suis l'enfant soleil" (French pronunciation: [ʒə sɥi lɑ̃fɑ̃ sɔlɛj]; translated: "I am the sun-child" or "I'm a child of the sun") was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979, performed in French by Anne-Marie David. David had won Eurovision six years earlier, representing Luxembourg at the 1973 contest with "Tu te reconnaîtras".

The song was written by Eddy Marnay, and composed by Hubert Giraud, both Eurovision veterans; Marnay previously wrote "Un jour, un enfant", a winner of the 1969 contest, as well as "Je suis tombé du ciel" for the 1970 contest, which placed last; Giraud wrote "Dors, mon amour", which won the 1958 contest, as well as compose the entries of France in 1959 and 1967, Monaco in 1960 and 1961, and Luxembourg in 1971.

David also recorded the song in German and Italian, as "Sonnenkind" and "Ragazza sole" respectively.

Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971
Luxembourg was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 with the song "Pomme, pomme, pomme", composed by Hubert Giraud, with lyrics by Pierre Cour, and performed by Monique Melsen. The Luxembourgish participating broadcaster, the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT), selected its entry through a national final held on 10 February and, subsequently, the performer internally three days afterwards.
Die Fledermaus (1946 film)
Die Fledermaus is a 1946 German operetta film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Marte Harell, Johannes Heesters, and Will Dohm. It is based on Johann Strauss II's 1874 work of the same name.

The film was made by Terra Film, one of major German production companies of the Nazi era. It was shot using agfacolor at the Barrandov Studios in Prague and the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. Although production began in 1944, the film was not released until 1946 when it was distributed by the communist-controlled DEFA company in the Soviet occupation zone.

The film's sets were designed by Robert Herlth.

Géza von Bolváry
Géza von Bolváry (born Géza Gyula Mária Bolváry Zahn, German: Géza Maria von Bolváry-Zahn; 26 December 1897 – 10 August 1961) was a Hungarian actor, screenwriter, and film director, who worked principally in Germany and Austria.
Whiting Williams
Whiting Williams (March 11, 1878 – April 14, 1975) was co-founder of the Welfare Federation of Cleveland, a predecessor to the Community Chest and United Way charitable organizations, as well as an author of popular books and articles about labor relations during the early 20th century. He was one of a number of social investigators who gathered information by going "undercover" to live as a worker.

United Way
United Way is an international network of over 1,800 local nonprofit fundraising affiliates. Prior to 2015, United Way was the largest nonprofit organization in the United States by donations from the public. Individual United Ways mobilize a single fundraising campaign to raise money for various nonprofits, with most donations coming through payroll deductions.
A527 road
The A527 is a road in England that runs from the town centre of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire to Congleton, Cheshire, by way of Wolstanton, Longport, Tunstall and Biddulph. As it passes through Tunstall it forms part of the new linkway connecting Tunstall and Chell with the A500, and takes its name from two of the areas most famous residents Reginald Mitchell Way and James Brindley Way. Along its route it crosses the A52, A53, A500 and briefly merges with the A50.

Chell, Staffordshire
Chell is a suburb of the city of Stoke-on-Trent in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, England, that can be subdivided into Little Chell, Great Chell and Chell Heath. It lies on the northern edge of the city, approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) from Tunstall, 2 miles (3.2 km) from Burslem and 3 miles (4.8 km) from the county border with Cheshire. Chell borders Pitts Hill to the west, Tunstall to the south west, Stanfield and Bradeley to the south, with the outlying villages of Packmoor and Brindley Ford to the north and Ball Green to the east.
Since 2011 the area has been divided into the electoral wards of Bradeley & Chell Heath, Great Chell & Packmoor and Little Chell & Stanfield.
Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.

James Gillray
James Gillray (13 August 1756 –  1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker famous for his etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810. Many of his works are held at the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon", with his works satirizing George III, Napoleon, prime ministers and generals. Regarded as one of the two most influential cartoonists, the other being William Hogarth, Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, fertility of resource, keen sense of the ludicrous, and beauty of execution, at once gave him the first place among caricaturists.
Chopper (electronics)
In electronics, a chopper circuit is any of numerous types of electronic switching devices and circuits used in power control and signal applications. A chopper is a  device that converts fixed DC input to a variable DC output voltage directly. Essentially, a chopper is an electronic switch that is used to interrupt one signal under the control of another.

In power electronics applications, since the switching element is either fully on or fully off, its losses are low and the circuit can provide high efficiency. However, the current supplied to the load is discontinuous and may require smoothing or a high switching frequency to avoid undesirable effects.  In signal processing circuits, use of a chopper stabilizes a system against drift of electronic components; the original signal can be recovered after amplification or other processing by a synchronous demodulator that essentially un-does the "chopping" process.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Nebahat Çehre
Hilal Nebahat Çehre (Turkish pronunciation: [nebaˌhat tʃehˈɾe]; born 15 March 1943) is a Turkish actress, model, singer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Turkey 1960. She is best known for her protagonist roles as Firdevs Yöreoğlu on the Kanal D drama series Aşk-ı Memnu (2008–10) and as Hafsa Sultan on the series Muhteşem Yüzyıl (2011–12).

As Miss Turkey, Çehre represented Turkey in the Miss World 1960 pageant held in London, United Kingdom. She also represented Turkey in the Miss Universe 1965 beauty pageant which took place on 24 July 1965 at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, United States.

Kanal D
Kanal D (English: Channel D) is a nationwide television channel in Turkey that is part of Demirören Group. It was founded by Ayhan Şahenk and Aydın Doğan in 1993.

The network has also run an international channel, Euro D, since 1996, which is available online, and had the first high definition channel in Turkey, Kanal D HD.

The text 'KANAL D' is not displayed in its Turkish broadcast. Only the blue earth section of the logo is displayed throughout commercial sections. Kanal D is broadcast via satellite to 27 countries.
Tatjana Medved
Tatjana Medved (née Popov; born 13 March 1974) is a Serbian former handball player. She was captain of the Serbian national team. She has been a member of the National Assembly of Serbia since 2022, as a member of the Together We Can Do Everything parliamentary group.

Serbia women's national handball team
The Serbia women's national handball team represents Serbia in international women's handball. It is governed by the Handball Federation of Serbia and takes part in international handball competitions.

The Olympic Committee of Serbia has declared the women's national handball team the best female team of the years 2001 and 2013.
Mortonville, Pennsylvania
Mortonville is an unincorporated area and historic hamlet in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, situated on the eastern bank of the West Branch Brandywine Creek.  It consists of approximately one-half dozen structures, two of which are on the National Register of Historic Places: the Mortonville Hotel, and the 12.5-foot-long (3.8 m) "Bridge in East Fallowfield Township" which crosses a mill race a few feet east of a larger bridge.  The larger bridge, known as the Mortonville Bridge, was also listed on the NRHP until 2010, when it was delisted following a renovation. The two bridges are in East Fallowfield Township, while most other structures are in Newlin Township.

Strasburg Road
Strasburg Road was an early road in Pennsylvania connecting Philadelphia to Strasburg in Lancaster County. The route was surveyed by John Sellers and others in 1772–73 under the colonial administration of Governor Richard Penn and completed under the new administration of the independent state of Pennsylvania.
The route started at the "second ferry" on the Schuylkill River, today's Market Street in Philadelphia, and went through West Chester, East Fallowfield Township, and Gap, before ending in Strasburg. Earlier roads travelled much the same route, including a Native American path in use as early as 1620.
Kiyosu-e Formation
The Kiyosu-e Formation is a Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) geologic formation of the Toyonishi Group in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Fossil ornithopod tracks have been reported from the formation.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Amy Blakemore
Amy Blakemore (born 1958) is an American photographer. Blakemore was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Blakemore was included in the 2006 Whitney Biennial. Her work is included in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the Seattle Art Museum. In 2015, she was named the Texas Artist of the Year.

Whitney Biennial
The Whitney Biennial is a biennial exhibition of contemporary American art organized by the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. The event began as an annual exhibition in 1932; the first biennial was held in 1973. It is considered the longest-running and most important survey of contemporary art in the United States. The Biennial helped bring artists including Georgia O'Keeffe, Jackson Pollock, and Jeff Koons, among others to prominence.
Denis Lawson (footballer)
Denis Lawson (11 December 1897 – 23 May 1968) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside-right.

He started playing professionally for St Mirren in 1920; in 1923 he moved to Cardiff City of the English Football League and played 64 matches for them, before moving to the United States and playing for Springfield Babes and Providence F.C. He returned to British football in 1927–28 with a move to Wigan Borough, and then finished his career back in Scotland with Clyde and Brechin City.

In 1923 Lawson was capped for Scotland, in a 2–2 draw with England at Hampden Park.

Wigan Borough F.C.
Wigan Borough Football Club was an English football club from the town of Wigan, Lancashire. their forerunners were Wigan A.F.C., Wigan County, Wigan United and Wigan Town,  County and Town having folded.
Gargar, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Gargar (Persian: گرگر) is a village in Milas Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 37 families.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
TWA Flight 529
TWA Flight 529 was a Lockheed Constellation L-049 propliner, registration N86511, operating as a scheduled passenger service from Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles, California. On September 1, 1961, at 02:05 CDT, the flight crashed into a field south of Clarendon Hills, Illinois shortly after takeoff from Midway Airport (ICAO: KMDW) in Chicago, killing all 73 passengers and five crew on board; it was at the time the deadliest single plane disaster in U.S. history.

The accident was investigated by the Civil Aeronautics Board, which concluded its probable cause was the loss of a 5/16 inch bolt which fell out of the elevator control mechanism during the climb from Chicago, resulting in an abrupt pitch up followed by a stall and crash.

Elevator (aeronautics)
Elevators  are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch, and therefore the angle of attack and the lift of the wing. The elevators are usually hinged to the tailplane or horizontal stabilizer. They may be the only pitch control surface present, and are sometimes located at the front of the aircraft (early airplanes and canards) or integrated into a rear "all-moving tailplane", also called a slab elevator or stabilator.
Heia Station
Heia Station (Norwegian: Heia stasjon) is located at Heia in Rakkestad, Norway on the Eastern Østfold Line. The station is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail line R22 from Oslo S during rush hour. Heia Station was opened in 1896.

Eastern Østfold Line
The Eastern Østfold Line (Norwegian: Østfoldbanens østlige linje) is a 79-kilometer (49 mi) railway line which runs between Ski and Sarpsborg. It follows a more eastern route than the Østfold Line, with which it adjoins at both Ski Station and Sarpsborg Station, serving the Indre Østfold district. The line is single track and electrified. The Eastern Line serves the hourly R22 services of the Oslo Commuter Rail, operated by Vy. There is no regular traffic south of Rakkestad Station, although the line can be used for freight trains when the Western Line is closed.

The line was built at the same time as the Østfold Line, but opened three years later, on 24 November 1882. Stations were designed by Balthazar Lange. The Eastern Line has always featured fewer trains and had a lower standard. The line was electrified in 1958. It became the first line in Norway to feature the European Rail Traffic Management System, becoming operational in 2015.
Triphenylethanol
Triphenylethanol, or 1,1,2-triphenylethanol, is an organic compound with a condensed structural formula of (C6H5)2C(OH)CH2C6H5, and is related to triphenylethylene, from which it can be prepared by hydration. It is the structural analog of two drugs, the never-marketed antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25): 7  and the withdrawn lipid-lowering agent triparanol, as both contain the 1,1,2-triphenylethanol moiety within their structure.

There are three isomeric compounds with a "triphenylethanol" structure:

1,1,2-triphenylethanol;

1,2,2-triphenylethanol, with a condensed structural formula of (C6H5)2CHCH(C6H5)OH, which exists as a pair of enantiomers; and,

2,2,2-triphenylethanol, with a condensed structural formula of (C6H5)3CCH2OH.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Columbia Colonnade
Columbia Colonnade (formerly Columbia Mall) was a shopping mall located just outside Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. It was anchored by EFO Furniture, Planet Fitness, Dunham's Sports, MVP Clubhouse, and a VA Clinic. The mall was next to Interstate 80 and PA 42. It also served the Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, as well as several surrounding communities, such as Bloomsburg and Buckhorn, Pennsylvania.

Commonwealth University-Bloomsburg
Commonwealth University-Bloomsburg (CU-Bloomsburg, or Bloomsburg) is a campus of Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). The campus is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education with some degree programs accredited by specialized accreditors.
1976 Pro Bowl
The 1976 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 26th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1975 season. The game was played on Monday night, January 26, 1976, at the new Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, with 32,108 in attendance. The final score was NFC 23, AFC 20.  It was also the first Pro Bowl game played indoors.

The game featured the best players in the National Football League as selected by the league's coaches. John Madden of the Oakland Raiders led the AFC team against an NFC team led by Los Angeles Rams head coach Chuck Knox.

The AFC's Billy "White Shoes" Johnson was named the game's MVP on the strength of a 90-yard punt return touchdown and a second punt return of 55 yards that set up a field goal. The referee was Fred Silva.

Players on the winning NFC team received $2,000 apiece while the AFC participants each took home $1,500.

Fred Silva
Fred Silva (October 18, 1927 – December 3, 2004) was an American football official in the National Football League (NFL) for 21 seasons from 1968 to 1988.  Silva was widely known for his coolness under fire on the football field  and clapping his hand together when signaling a first down.  The pinnacle of Silva's officiating career in the NFL was being assigned to Super Bowl XIV in 1980.  On the field, Silva wore three different uniform numbers. In the 1968 and 1969, seasons, Silva wore uniform number 49, but changed to number 81 in 1970, which he wore until 1978.  Finally, from 1979 until the end of his career in 1988, he wore the number 7.
Khabarov
Khabarov (masculine, Russian: Хабаров, IPA: [xɐˈbarəf]) or Khabarova (feminine, Russian: Хабарова), also transliterated as Habarov, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Boris Khabarov (born 1934), Soviet sailor

Bruno Khabarov (1939–1994), Latvian-Soviet fencer

Irina Khabarova (born 1966), Russian sprinter

Ivan Khabarov (1888–1960), Soviet army commander

Leonid Khabarov (born 1947), Soviet military officer

Mikhail Khabarov (born 1971), Russian businessman

Sergei Khabarov (born 1986), Russian footballer

Vladimir Khabarov (1951–2010), was a Russian politician

Yaroslav Khabarov (born 1989), Russian ice hockey player

Yerofey Khabarov (c. 1603–1671), Russian entrepreneur and adventurer

Mikhail Khabarov
Mikhail Valentinovich Khabarov (born 12 March 1971, in Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk, USSR) is a Russian businessman and manager. He is the current board president, and CEO of National Bank TRUST, an institution part of the Central Bank of Russia's activities to improve the national banking system.