hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vietnamese two-child policy
Vietnam had a population policy in some form for over 60 years, between 1963 and 2025. It was originally launched by the communist government in  North Vietnam in the early 1960s and continued throughout the country in modified forms even after the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976. The policy historically emphasized an official family-size goal of một hoặc hai con, which means "one or two children."

In 2014, Vietnam had an estimated population of 92.5 million people, which represented 1.28% of the total world population. As of 2020, the total fertility rate of Vietnam was approximately 2.0, close to the replacement-level fertility of 2.1, the rate "at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next" according to the World Resources Institute.

In 2025, due to a sub-replacement fertility rate, the communist government lifted all regulations regarding the number of children families are allowed to have.

World Resources Institute
The World Resources Institute (WRI) is a global non-profit research organization established in 1982 with funding from the MacArthur Foundation under the leadership of James Gustave Speth. Subsequent presidents include Jonathan Lash (1993–2011),  Andrew D. Steer (2012–2021) and current president Ani Dasgupta (2021–present).

WRI studies sustainable practices for business, economics, finance and governance, with the purpose of better supporting human society in six areas: food, forests, water, energy, cities, and climate. The institute's flagship report series is the World Resources Report, each of which deals with a different topic. WRI encourages initiatives for monitoring, data analysis, and risk assessment, including global and open source projects. WRI has maintained a 4 out of 4 stars rating from Charity Navigator since 1 October 2008.
Moyecques
Moyecques (French pronunciation: [mɔjɛk]) is a small hamlet within the commune of Landrethun-le-Nord in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.  It took its name from a local landowner, Guffridus [Geoffrey] de Moykes, at the start of the 13th century. There were originally three settlements named after Guffidus, all with Flemish names: Oist Moieques (East Moieques, today's village of Moyecques), Midel Moieques (now the tiny hamlet of Mimoyecques just to the west of Moyecques) and West Moieques. By the 17th century the lordship of Moyecques had been unified with that of Landrethun, moving from Fiennes.

Today Moyecques is best known as the site of the Fortress of Mimoyecques, the modern name for an underground base built by Nazi Germany during the Second World War to house the V-3 cannon that was intended to bombard London.

Landrethun-le-Nord
Landrethun-le-Nord (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃dʁətœ̃ lə nɔʁ]; West Flemish: Landerten) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Boulogne.
Phymatocarpus interioris
Phymatocarpus interioris is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It resembles many small species of Melaleuca, mainly differing in the way its anthers are attached at the top of the stamens. In Phymatocarpus they are attached at their base and open at the other end through two slits. It is a shrub with many small heads of pink to purple flowers fading to white, often covering the plant for several weeks in spring. It is most closely related to Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus and was only recognised as a new species in 1999.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Lee Roy Selmon's
Lee Roy Selmon's was an American casual dining restaurant chain located and founded in Florida by former NFL player Lee Roy Selmon. Lee Roy Selmon's served Southern-style food and comfort food, such as fried green tomatoes and pecan pie.

The concept was originally owned by OSI Restaurant Partners until 2008, when it was sold to Outback Steakhouse founders Robert D. "Bob" Basham and Chris T. Sullivan. Lee Roy Selmon continued to work with the company through its transfer of ownership until he died in 2011. There were three locations, all of which were located in west-central Florida. It was announced on May 23, 2018, that the original location would close after 17 years.

Fried green tomatoes
Fried green tomatoes is a culinary dish usually found in the United States, made from unripe (green) tomatoes coated with cornmeal and fried.

Recipes in the early 20th century were mainly published in the Northeastern United States and Midwestern United States. They became known as a food of the Southern United States after they were featured in the film Fried Green Tomatoes.
Fade Away (Best Coast EP)
Fade Away is the sixth extended play (EP) by American indie rock duo Best Coast. It was released on October 22, 2013, on frontwoman Bethany Cosentino's label Jewel City. Produced by Wally Gagel, the EP was recorded at Wax Ltd's studios, and was inspired by musical acts like Mazzy Star, Patsy Cline, and My Bloody Valentine. Cosentino wrote the song "Fear of My Identity" about "having an existential crisis" after using the sedative Ambien.

Wally Gagel
Wally Gagel is an American record producer, audio engineer, mixer, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter.

Credits include: Family of the Year, Elliphant, Blondfire, Zella Day, Best Coast, Cold War Kids, Miley Cyrus, Billie Eilish, New Order, Muse, Rolling Stones, Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, Rihanna, Redlight King, Eels, Robert DeLong and in collaboration with iTunes Sessions: Bon Iver, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Gorillaz, The Gaslight Anthem, Lykke Li, Vampire Weekend, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, PJ Harvey, Metric, The Decemberists, Norah Jones, and more. His production of Family of the Year's single "Hero" caught the attention of movie director Richard Linklater who used it in the film "Boyhood."

In 2006 he formed the production partnership WAX LTD with songwriter and producer, Xandy Barry and in 2019 they formed a joint venture with Universal Music Production Group called AUDIO WAX.
Alexander Luttrell (1663–1711)
Alexander Luttrell (20 October 1663 – 22 September 1711) was an English army officer and politician.

He was the third son of Francis Luttrell (1628–1666) of Dunster Castle. His mother Lucy was a daughter of Thomas Symonds of Whittlesford, Cambridgeshire. Colonel Francis Luttrell (1659–1690) was his older brother.
He inherited the heavily indebted Dunster Castle after the death of both his elder brothers and then his brother Francis's son in 1703.

He sat in the House of Commons of England from 1690 to 1707 as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Minehead, and then held the seat for a further year in the House of Commons of Great Britain.

He married, in 1702, Dorothy, the daughter of Edward Yard of Churston Ferrers, Devon and had two sons and a daughter.

Whittlesford
Whittlesford is a village in Cambridgeshire, England, and also the name of an old hundred. The village is situated on the Granta branch of the River Cam, seven miles south of Cambridge. Whittlesford Parkway railway station serves the village.

Listed as Witelesforde in the Domesday Book, the name Whittlesford means "ford of a man called Wittel", indicating the importance of a local ford across the river in the village.
Château de Carrouges
The Château de Carrouges is a château, dating partly from the 14th century, located in the commune of Carrouges, in the Orne department, Normandy, northern France. It is unusual in its combination of an austere fortress with a comfortable residence. The original fortifications at Carrouges were besieged and destroyed by English forces during the Hundred Years War. After the war, the château was rebuilt by Jean Blosset, grand seneschal of Normandy, in the 15th century.

In the 16th century, the family of Le Veneur de Tillières came into possession of the château. It was extended several times until the 17th century, with notable additions including a gatehouse, the western bastion, and the grand apartments. The interior was remodelled in the 18th century, when the music room was built. The last Le Veneur sold the château to the French state, and from 1944 it was restored. It is now managed by the Centre des monuments nationaux and is open to the public.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Mount Pankenūshi
Mount Pankenūshi (パンケヌーシ岳, Pankenūshi-dake) or Mount Memuro Western Peak (芽室岳西峰, Memuro-dake Sei-hō) is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan. This mountain is the western summit of Mount Memuro.

Hidaka Mountains
The Hidaka Mountains (日高山脈, Hidaka-sanmyaku) are a mountain range in southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. It runs 150 km (93 mi) from Mount Sahoro or Karikachi Pass in central Hokkaidō south, running into the sea at Cape Erimo. It consists of folded mountains that range from 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,921 to 6,562 ft) in height. Mount Poroshiri is the highest at 2,053 m (6,736 ft). The Hidaka Mountains separate the subprefectures of Hidaka and Tokachi. Most of the range lies in the Hidakasanmyaku-Erimo-Tokachi National Park (日高山脈襟裳十勝国立公園, Hidaka-sanmyaku-Erimo-Tokachi Kokuritsu-kōen). Since the mountain range lies so far north, the alpine climate zone lies at a lower altitude.
Eirini-Marina Alexandri
Eirini-Marina Alexandri (Greek: Ειρήνη-Μαρίνα Αλεξανδρή; born 15 September 1997) is a Greek-Austrian synchronized swimmer. She competed in the women's duet at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and 2020 Olympics. She is a triplet and teams with her sisters, Anna-Maria and Vasiliki Alexandri. The three sisters grow up in Volos, and moved in Austria in 2015, after an argument with Greek Swimming Federation. She is competing at the 2024 Paris Olympics in artistic swimming women's duet on 9 and 10 August 2024.

Synchronized swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's duet
The Women's duet event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took place at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center from 14 to 16 August.

The preliminary phase consisted of a free routine, then a technical routine with required elements. The scores from the two routines were added together and the top twelve duets qualified for the final.

The final repeated the same free routine and the score from the final free routine was added to the score from the preliminary technical routine to decide the overall winners.

The medals were presented by Nicole Hoevertsz, IOC member, Aruba and Qiuping Zhang, Bureau Member of FINA.
Rudolf Spanner
Rudolf Spanner (born 17 April 1895 in Metternich bei Koblenz; died 31 August 1960) was Director of the Danzig Anatomical Institute during World War II and Nazi Party member (party membership ID 2733605). During the Second World War Spanner used human corpses in the creation of anatomical models for the institute, which after a soap-like byproduct from the model-creation process was presented in the Nuremberg trials as soap made from victims of the Holocaust, has led to numerous accusations against Spanner of crimes against humanity.

Zofia Nałkowska
Zofia Nałkowska ([ˈzɔfia nawˈkɔvska], 10 November 1884 – 17 December 1954) was a Polish prose writer, dramatist, and prolific essayist. She served as the executive member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (1933–1939) during the interwar period.
M1903 Springfield
The M1903 Springfield, officially the U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1903, is an American five-round, non-removable, staggered-row box magazine-fed, bolt-action, repeating service rifle, used primarily during the first half of the 20th century.

The M1903 was first used in combat during the Philippine-American War and was officially adopted by the United States as the standard infantry rifle on 19 June 1903. It saw service in World War I and was replaced by the faster-firing semi-automatic eight-round M1 Garand starting in 1936. However, the M1903 remained a standard-issue infantry rifle during World War II, since the U.S. entered the war without sufficient M1 rifles to arm all troops. It also was used as a sniper rifle during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. It remains popular as a civilian firearm, collector's piece, a competitive shooting rifle, and as a military drill rifle.

Service rifle
A service rifle (or standard-issue rifle) is any rifle a military issues to its regular soldiers or infantry. In modern militaries, this is generally a versatile, rugged, and reliable assault rifle or battle rifle, suitable for use in nearly all environments and is effective in most combat situations. Service rifles are solely designated and used as the primary weapon in almost all instances of warfare and training. Almost all modern militaries are also issued service pistols as sidearms to accompany their service rifles. The term can also be used to describe weapons issued by non-military forces, such as law enforcement or paramilitaries.

If the issued weapon is not a rifle or carbine, but instead a different type of firearm intended to serve in a specialized role such as a combat shotgun, submachine gun, or light machine gun, it is called a service firearm or service weapon.
Aaron I
Aaron ben Nisi was a Jewish ruler of the Khazars mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence. He reigned around the year 900 AD. He was the son of Nisi ben Menasseh. Little is known about his life or reign. As with other Bulanid rulers, it is unclear whether Aaron was Khagan or Khagan Bek of the Khazars, although the latter is more likely.

He was succeeded by either Menahem or Benjamin.

Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Kazakh: Қаған/Qağan, Middle Mongol:ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ; Khaan or Khagan; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣 Qaɣan) is a title of imperial rank in Turkic, Mongolic, and some other languages, equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The female equivalent is Khatun.

It may also be translated as "Khan of Khans", equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Turkic, the title became Khaan with the g sound becoming almost silent or non-existent; the ğ in modern Turkish Kağan is also silent. After the division of the Mongol Empire, monarchs of the Yuan dynasty and the Northern Yuan held the title of Khagan. Kağan, Hakan and Kaan, Turkish equivalents of the title are common Turkish names in Turkey.

The common western rendering as Great Khan (or Grand Khan), notably in the case of the Mongol Empire, is a translation of Yekhe Khagan (Great Emperor or Их Хаан).
Samuel Sherwood (Canadian politician)
Samuel Sherwood (fl. 1777 – c. 1821) was a lawyer and political figure in early Canada.

He was born in the Thirteen Colonies, the son of Justus Sherwood, a United Empire Loyalist who settled in Augusta Township in Upper Canada. He studied law in Montreal and was admitted to the Upper Canada bar. He served as a scout with Edward Jessup's Loyal Rangers during the American Revolution. In 1790, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Mecklenburg District. He represented Grenville in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1800 to 1808.

In 1812, he moved to Lower Canada. He was elected in 1814 to represent Effingham in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada and re-elected in 1816. He was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1817 and practised law in Montreal in 1821. He died some time during or after 1821.

His brother, Levius Peters Sherwood, served as a member of the legislative assembly in Upper Canada.

Edward Jessup
Edward Jessup (December 24, 1735 – February 3, 1816), together with his brother Ebenezer Jessup (July 1739 – 1818), was a large landowner in present-day New York State before the American Revolution, and later a soldier and political figure in Upper Canada, now the present-day Canadian province of Ontario, Canada.
David Roderick
David Roderick (born 1970) is an American poet from Plymouth, Massachusetts, who taught for nine years at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Previously, he had lectured at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, as the Kenan Visiting Writer at the University of San Francisco, and at Stanford University, where he also conducted classes for its Education Program for Gifted Youth summer program.

In 2016, with Rachel Richardson, he founded Left Margin LIT, a creative writing center in Berkeley, California, that offers readings by and classes for poets and writers of creative prose, both fiction and nonfiction.

His work has appeared in 32 Poems, Boulevard, Gulf Coast, Triquarterly, Ontario Review, Poetry Northwest, River Styx, Verse, The Antioch Review, The Hudson Review, The Missouri Review, The Massachusetts Review, and The Virginia Quarterly Review.

Virginia Quarterly Review
The Virginia Quarterly Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established in 1925 by James Southall Wilson, at the request of University of Virginia president E. A. Alderman. This "National Journal of Literature and Discussion" includes poetry, fiction, book reviews, essays, photography, and comics.
Dead Man's Land
Dead Man's Land is a 2013 novel by Robert Ryan, based in World War I. It involves Sherlock Holmes' sidekick, Dr. Watson (created by Arthur Conan Doyle). It was written under license from the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle literary Estate. It is the first in a series of Watson novels by Ryan set during the First World War.

Dr. Watson
Dr. John H. Watson is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Along with Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson first appeared in the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887). "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place" (1927) is the last work of Doyle featuring Watson and Holmes, although their last appearance in the canonical timeline is in "His Last Bow" (1917).

As Holmes's friend and confidant, Watson has appeared in various films, television series, video games, comics and radio programmes.
Steaming (crime)
In British slang, steaming is a robbery performed on train or bus passengers by a gang or large group and often involving some level of violence. Several cases have been reported on the London Underground and other city public transport systems although not exclusively localised to them. It may also be applied to other theft such as shoplifting, involving a large group employing distraction tactics, intimidation or actual violence against staff. In general, the term refers to the operation in a large group and the use of intimidation and violence to commit theft.

Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.
South Cross Route
South Cross Route (SCR) was the designation for the southern section of Ringway 1, the innermost circuit of the London Ringways network, a complex and comprehensive plan for a network of high speed roads circling and radiating out from central London designed to manage and control the flow of traffic within the capital.

The SCR was planned during the late 1960s along with the rest of the Ringway scheme but was never constructed due to large scale opposition from many quarters. The construction work required to pass a six-lane dual carriageway with grade separated junctions through the congested streets of south London would have been enormous and devastating to the communities through which it passed.

Streatham
Streatham (/ˈstrɛt.əm/ STRET-əm) is a district in south London in England that lies five miles (eight kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It falls mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, with some parts extending westward into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Streatham formed part of Surrey before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then of Greater London in 1965.

The London Plan identifies the area as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Alena Kašová
Alena Kašová (born Alena Bardoňová; born 6 March 1960) is a Slovak basketball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the women's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

In 1977, aged 17, she debuted for the Czechoslovakia women's national basketball team. She then competed at the 1978 European Championship in Poland and contributed to her country's bronze medal. She later was married and left the team in 1980 to have a son. She only played sparingly for the national team in the early- and mid-1980s due to knee injuries, but in 1988 returned and competed at the Olympics. On the club level, she competed for Slovan ChZJD and was named the Slovak Basketball Player of the Year in 1983 and 1984.

Czechoslovakia at the Olympics
Czechoslovakia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1918, after having competed as Bohemia from 1900 to 1912. The nation sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1984 Games when they were part of the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Czechoslovakia has participated in every Winter Olympic Games since the inaugural Games of 1924.

After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia sent independent teams to the Olympics starting in 1994.

Czechoslovak athletes have won a total of 143 medals at the Summer Games, mostly in gymnastics. The nation also won 25 medals at the Winter Games, with ski jumping and ice hockey as the top medal-producing sports.
Gopeng (federal constituency)
Gopeng is a federal constituency in Kinta District and Kampar District, Perak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Kampar District
The Kampar District (Kinta South) is a district in Perak, Malaysia. It was a district on 21 May 2009 after the Sultan of Perak declared Kampar the state's 10th district, which is the smallest district in Perak. Its local government is Kampar District Council based in the town of Kampar.

Historically, Kampar District was once famous for its tin, being one of the major tin producers in the 18th century. In the 19th century, Kinta district was famous for its tin. It was the number one tin producing valley in the world.