hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl Armstrong
Earl Armstrong (1900–1986) was an Ontario farmer and politician. He served as reeve of Gloucester Township from 1952 to 1972.

He was the son of William Armstrong and descended from Irish immigrants to Canada. He married Peninnah Sloan, a school teacher from Manotick. They had three children, Jack, Robert and Richard. He took over the operation of the family dairy farm and expanded its size. During his period in office as reeve, Gloucester Hydro and the Gloucester Police Force were established. Armstrong also served three years as warden for Carleton County.

The Earl Armstrong Arena and Earl Armstrong Road, both in the former Gloucester, Ontario, are named in his honour.

Carleton County, Ontario
Carleton County is the name of a former county in Ontario, Canada. In 1969, it was superseded by the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton. In 2001, the Regional Municipality and its eleven local municipalities (including Ottawa) were replaced by the current city of Ottawa.
Jibia
Jibia (or  Jibiya) is a town and Local Government Area (LGA) in Katsina State, northern Nigeria. The population of the LGA was approximately 125,000 as of 2003, and the area is 1037 km2.

The postal code of the area is 822.

Jibia sits along on the Nigerian border with Niger, and the border post was burnt down by a mob in 2005. According to the Daily Triumph newspaper, the mob was "hired" by smugglers angry about the Katsina Custom Command's crackdown on  contraband goods.
The Local Government shares borders with Batsari, Kaita, Katsina, Batagarawa and Zurmi (Zamfara State) Local Government Areas.

Zurmi
Zurmi is a Local Government Area in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Zurmi at 12°46′00″N 6°47′10″E﻿ / ﻿12.76667°N 6.78611°E﻿ / 12.76667; 6.78611.

It has an area of 2,834 km2 and a population of 293,837 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 882. it shares border with Niger republic from the North and Katsina state from East
its end stop at the most populated village  Gurbin Bore under Kwashabawa ward after Crossed the inter-state Bridge constructed in the early 1990, 4 years after the establishment of the Whole state in 1996.
Indiana Democratic Party
The Democratic Party of Indiana is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Indiana. The party's chair is Karen Tallian.

The party has weak electoral power in the state. As of 2025 it holds no statewide offices and two of Indiana's nine congressional seats. Democrats have won Indiana at the presidential level five times since 1900: 1912, 1932, 1936, 1964 and 2008.

1932 United States presidential election in Indiana
A presidential election was held in Indiana on November 8, 1932, as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. The Democratic ticket of the governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt and the speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Nance Garner defeated the Republican ticket of the incumbent president of the United States Herbert Hoover and the vice president of the United States Charles Curtis. Roosevelt defeated Hoover in the national election with 472 electoral votes.
Strangers on a Train (film)
Strangers on a Train is a 1951 American psychological thriller film noir produced and directed by Alfred Hitchcock, screenplay by Raymond Chandler and   Czenzi Ormonde based on the 1950 novel of the same name by Patricia Highsmith. It was shot in late 1950, and released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 30, 1951, starring Farley Granger, Ruth Roman and Robert Walker.

The story concerns two strangers who meet on a train, one of whom is a psychopath who suggests that they "exchange" murders so that neither will be caught. The film initially received mixed reviews, but has since been regarded much more favorably. In 2021, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Doppelgänger
A doppelgänger (/ˈdɒpəlɡɛŋər, -ɡæŋ-/ DOP-əl-gheng-ər, -⁠gang-, also doppelgaenger and doppelganger) is a supernatural double of a living person, especially one who haunts the doubled person.

In fiction and mythology and in common parlance, the doppelgänger either is a ghost or a paranormal phenomenon, usually perceived as the harbinger of bad luck. A literary example of  the doppelgänger is the evil twin of the protagonist. In modern times, the term twin stranger is occasionally used.
Monsall Hospital
Monsall Hospital was a hospital in North Manchester, England.

The facility joined the National Health Service in 1948 and became the Monsall Isolation Hospital in 1954 before being renamed Monsall Hospital in 1965. It closed in 1993.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Gilardi
Gilardi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Domenico Gilardi (1785–1845), Italian architect

Enrico Gilardi (born 1957), Italian basketball player

Fabrizio Gilardi (born 1975), Swiss political scientist

Gianpietro Gilardi (born 1938), Italian rower

Gilardo Gilardi (1889–1963), Argentine composer, pianist and conductor
Gilardo Gilardi Conservatory of Music

Juan Ignacio Gilardi (born 1981). Argentine field hockey player

Luigi Gilardi (1897–1989), Italian cyclist

Mauro Gilardi (born 1982), Italian footballer

Max Gilardi (born 1988), American animator

Miguel Ángel Gilardi, Argentine orchestra conductor

Pier Celestino Gilardi (1837–1905), Italian painter

Piero Gilardi (1942–2023), Italian artist

Thierry Gilardi (1958–2008), French football commentator

Miguel Ángel Gilardi
Miguel Ángel Gilardi (Buenos Aires, 1949) is an Argentine orchestra conductor. He has conducted throughout the world, recorded many concerts and received several awards, including the 2010 Premio Bicentenario.
Pat Patrick (musician)
Laurdine Kenneth "Pat" Patrick Jr. (November 23, 1929 – December 31, 1991) was an American jazz musician and composer. He played baritone saxophone, alto saxophone, and Fender bass and was known for his 40-year association with Sun Ra. His son, Deval Patrick, was formerly governor of Massachusetts.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.
Scinde Dawk
Scinde Dawk (Sindhi: سندي ڊاڪ) was a postal system of runners that served the Indus Valley of Sindh, an area of present-day Pakistan. The term also refers to the first adhesive postage stamps in Asia, the forerunners of the adhesive stamps used throughout India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company. The name derives from the words "Scinde", the British spelling of the name of the province of Sindh, and "Dawk", the anglicised spelling of the Hindustani word "Dak" or Post.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Maida Coleman
Maida Coleman (born July 1, 1954) is a Democratic politician from Missouri. She previously held office in the Missouri House of Representatives and Missouri Senate, where she was the first African American woman to serve as Senate Minority leader. She currently serves on the Missouri Public Service Commission.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
Be a Flower
"Be a Flower" (Japanese: 花になって, Hepburn: Hana ni Natte) is a song by Japanese pop rock band Ryokuoushoku Shakai. It was released on December 6, 2023, by Epic Records Japan, as the theme song for the Nippon TV anime The Apothecary Diaries. Commercially, it peaked at number 8 on the Oricon Singles Chart and the Billboard Japan Hot 100.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
L'
L' (L + apostrophe), or Lʼ (L + modifier apostrophe) may represent:

an abbreviated form of a French definite article

the compose key sequence for Ĺ (L + acute accent)

palatalised l, in Slavic notation

It looks similar to:

Ľ (L + caron), a letter used in the Slovak alphabet and in some versions of the Ukrainian Latin alphabet

ɬʼ, the International Phonetic Alphabet symbol for the alveolar lateral ejective fricative

L′ (L + prime)

Lʻ (L + ʻokina)

Lʾ (L + right half ring)

Lʿ (L + left half ring)

Compose key
A compose key (sometimes called multi key) is a key on a computer keyboard that indicates that the following (usually 2 or more) keystrokes trigger the insertion of an alternate character, typically a precomposed character or a symbol.

For instance, typing Compose followed by ~ and then n will insert ñ.

Compose keys are most popular on Linux and other systems using the X Window System, but software exists to implement them on Windows and macOS.
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the seventh edition of the Gold Cup, the soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF).

For the first time since 1993, the tournament was held in more than one country, with games played in both United States and Mexico. The games were played in Mexico City, Miami, and for the first time in a northern U.S. city, Foxborough. The format of the tournament stayed the same as in 2002: twelve teams were split into four groups of three, the top two teams in each group would advance to the quarter-finals. Colombia and Brazil were invited, with the latter sending an Under-23 team.

The United States' Landon Donovan put four past Cuba in the quarterfinals in a 5–0 win, but the defending champions went out to Brazil in the semi-finals. The South Americans scored a goal in the 89th minute and added a penalty in extra time to win 2–1. Mexico won their first championship since 1998, beating Brazil 1–0 in extra time.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Evidently Chickentown
"Evidently Chickentown" is a poem by the English performance poet John Cooper Clarke. It was recorded and released as a track on Clarke's 1980 album Snap, Crackle & Bop. It became widely known internationally after being used in an episode of the HBO series The Sopranos in April 2007, and has appeared in several other films and TV series.

Snap, Crackle & Bop
Snap, Crackle & Bop (stylised as Snap, Crackle [&] Bop) is the fourth studio album by English poet John Cooper Clarke, released on 16 April 1980 through Epic Records. As with Disguise in Love, the album featured The Invisible Girls as the backing band and was produced by Martin Hannett.

The first pressings included a booklet with the lyrics from Clarke's 1978 album Disguise in Love together with photographs and artwork; the booklet was housed in a pocket that formed part of the jacket on the LP cover photograph. The album placed at No. 39 in NME's 1980 Albums of the Year.
Michael Cowling
Michael George Cowling is an Australian pure mathematician who was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1949. He gained a BSc (Hons) (1971) from the Australian National University and a PhD (1974) from Flinders University. After rising to the rank of professor at the University of Genoa, he became Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of New South Wales in 1983. His work centers on harmonic analysis, representation theory, partial differential equations and geometry of Lie groups. He was awarded the Australian Mathematical Society Medal in 1989, and he was elected as a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1993. From 2004 to 2006 he was President of the Australian Mathematical Society.

After stepping down as the Head of the School of Mathematics and Statistics at UNSW, he moved to the United Kingdom to accept the Mason Chair at the University of Birmingham. He returned to UNSW in 2010.

Flinders University
Flinders University, established as The Flinders University of South Australia, is an Australian public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across a number of locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory. The main campus is in Bedford Park, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Adelaide city centre. Other campuses include Tonsley, Adelaide central business district, Renmark, Alice Springs and Darwin.

Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of the British navigator Matthew Flinders who had explored and surveyed the Australian coastline in the early 19th century. In 2022, there were 25,247 students enrolled at the university.
County of Buln Buln
The County of Buln Buln is one of the 37 counties of Victoria which are part of the cadastral divisions of Australia, used for land titles. It was first proclaimed in government gazette on 24 Feb 1871 together with others from the Gipps Land District. It includes Wilsons Promontory, and the Victorian coast from around Venus Bay in the west to Lake Wellington in the east. Sale is near its north-eastern edge. Some time earlier maps showed proposed counties of Bass, Douro, and part of Haddington and Bruce occupying the area of Buln Buln.

Sale, Victoria
Sale is a city situated in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia and the council capital of the Shire of Wellington. It had an estimated population of 15,305 in 2022 according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The total population including the immediate area around the town is approximately 19,000 according to shire website.
Emily Fitch
Emily Fitch is a fictional character in the television series Skins, played by Kathryn Prescott. She is introduced in the third series as the show's "second generation" of characters. Her twin sister Katie is played by Kathryn's real-life twin Megan Prescott.

E4 (TV channel)
E4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. The "E" stands for entertainment and the channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group (similarly to BBC Three and ITV2).

Programmes currently shown on the channel include Hollyoaks, Made in Chelsea, Coach Trip (and its Halloween spin-off Celebrity Ghost Trip),  The most successful broadcast of the channel to date was on 11 October 2010 when an episode of The Inbetweeners received over 3.7 million viewers.
Christopher St Lawrence, 2nd Baron Howth
Christopher St Lawrence, 2nd Baron Howth ( died 1462 or 1465 ) was an Irish nobleman. He was a key figure in fifteenth-century Irish politics, and one of the strongest supporters in Ireland of the House of York, who seized the English Crown in 1461. His tomb can still be seen in the family chapel in St. Mary's Church, Howth.

Irish House of Lords
The Irish House of Lords, known formally as The Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament Assembled, was the upper house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from medieval times until the end of 1800. It was also the final court of appeal of the Kingdom of Ireland.

It was modelled on the House of Lords of England, with members of the Peerage of Ireland sitting in the Irish Lords, just as members of the Peerage of England did at Westminster. When the Act of Union 1800 abolished the Irish parliament, a subset of Irish peers sat as Irish representative peers in the House of Lords of the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Dong Woo Animation
DongWoo Animation Co. Ltd, also known as DongWoo A&E Co. Ltd (Korean: 동우에이엔이), is an animation studio located in Seoul, South Korea. It has produced many animated series and films created and produced in the United States, Canada, South Korea and Japan. The current CEO of the studio is Kim Young-doo.

Animation studio
An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for production, employ operators for that equipment, and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced. They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created or held by the company, much like authors holding copyrights. In some early cases, they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity. Overall, they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms.
Niobium–germanium
Niobium-germanium (Nb3Ge) is an intermetallic chemical compound of niobium (Nb) and germanium (Ge). It has A15 phase structure.

It is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 23.2 K.

Sputtered films have been reported to have an upper critical field of 37 teslas at 4.2 K.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Murder of Yeu Lam Ching
On 25 March 1988, at Bukit Timah, 49-year-old lorry driver Yeu Lam Ching (杨云清 Yáng Yúnqīng) was robbed and murdered by two men. The two men, Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman and Mazlan Maidun, were swiftly arrested and charged with murder. Mazlan, who directly stabbed the victim to death with a knife, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death, while Abdul Aziz, who only robbed the victim and never took part in the stabbing, was found guilty of armed robbery and thus jailed for ten years and given 12 strokes of the cane. Mazlan was hanged on 21 January 1994 after losing his appeal.

Chao Tzee Cheng
Chao Tzee Cheng (Chinese: 赵自成; pinyin: Zhào Zìchéng; 22 September 1934 in Hong Kong – 21 February 2000 in New York City) was a renowned forensic pathologist in Singapore. Chao was respected for solving several notorious crimes in Singapore, and raised Singapore's level of professionalism in the area of forensics.
Erich Lehmann (athlete)
Erich Lehmann (September 12, 1890 – July 9, 1917) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1912, he was eliminated in the first round of both the 400 metres competition and the 800 metres competition. He was also a member of the German relay team, which was eliminated in the first round of the 4x400 metre relay competition. He was killed in action during World War I.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 1912 Summer Olympics was the event’s fifth appearance, remaining one of 12 athletics disciplines contested at every games. The competition was held from Saturday, July 6, 1912, to Monday, July 8, 1912. Forty-seven runners from 16 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Ted Meredith of the United States, the nation's third consecutive victory in the 800 metres. Mel Sheppard became the first man to win two medals in the event, coming in second to miss out on defending his 1908 gold. Ira Davenport completed the United States sweep, the second time the Americans had swept the 800 metres podium (after 1904).
Radiation (album)
Radiation is the tenth studio album by the British neo-prog band Marillion, released in 1998. Recorded at The Racket Club between November 1997 and June 1998, it was co-produced and mixed by Stewart Every. The album was remixed by Michael Hunter in September to November 2012 and a reissued remastered version was released in 2013.

Neo-prog
Neo-progressive rock (commonly abbreviated neo-prog) is a subgenre of progressive rock that developed in the UK in the early 1980s. The genre's most popular band, Marillion, achieved mainstream success in the decade. Several bands from the genre have continued to record and tour.