hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protea welwitschii
Protea welwitschii is a species of shrub or small tree which belongs to the genus Protea, and which occurs in bushveld and different types of grassland.

Vernacular names given for this species include cluster-head protea, honey-scented protea and rusty velvet protea in southern tropical Africa, and in South Africa the dwarf savanna sugarbush, cluster-head sugarbush or the white sugar-bush. In isiZulu it is known as isiqalaba. In Afrikaans the common names of troshofiesuikerbos, kleinsuikerbos, troshofie-suikerbos, welwitsch-se-suikerbos, witsuikerbos, witsuikerboskan, and simply suikerbos, have all been recorded for this species.

Zulu language
Zulu (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994.

According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.

In South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.
Engelland
Engelland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Deryk Engelland (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player

Chip Engelland (born 1961), American-Filipino basketball player and coach

Chad Engelland, American philosopher

Deryk Engelland
Deryk Engelland (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenseman. Engelland played for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Calgary Flames and Vegas Golden Knights over his eleven-season career in the National Hockey League (NHL). Throughout his career, Engelland was best known for his physical play and fighting abilities.

Engelland was selected in the sixth round, 194th pick overall, by the New Jersey Devils at the 2000 NHL entry draft. He made his NHL debut with the Penguins in 2009 after six years in the minor leagues.
Roger Burkman
Roger Allen Burkman (born May 22, 1958) is a retired American basketball player and athletic director at Spalding University in Louisville, Kentucky.  Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, he played high school basketball at Franklin Central High School. He played collegiately for the University of Louisville, and was a member of the school's 1980 national championship team. Burkman was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the 6th round (130th pick overall) of the 1981 NBA draft. He played for the Bulls (1981–82) in the NBA for 6 games. Burkman played for the Anchorage Northern Knights of the Continental Basketball Association during the 1981–81 season.

He was inducted in the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

He is married to Jefferson County Circuit Judge Judith McDonald-Burkman.

Louisville Cardinals men's basketball
The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to eight Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 39 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins.
Briery Siding Halt railway station
Briery Siding Halt railway station served the workers of Briery Bobbin Mill in Briery, in the historical county of Cumberland, England, from 1922 to 1958 on the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway.

Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway
The Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway (CK&PR) was an English railway company incorporated by act of Parliament on 1 August 1861, to build a line connecting the town of Cockermouth with the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) West Coast Main Line at Penrith. Arrangements for the use of the stations at either end (Cockermouth was already served by the Cockermouth and Workington Railway (C&WR)) were included. Passenger and goods traffic was worked by the LNWR and mineral traffic by the North Eastern Railway, both of whom had shares in the company (the NER inheriting its holding from the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which had encouraged the promotion of the line). The line was 31+1⁄2 miles (50.7 km) in length, and had eight intermediate stations.
Per J. Jordal
Per Johannessønn Jordal (born 20 July 1967) is a  Norwegian jurist and politician for the Centre Party. He graduated from the University of Bergen as cand.jur. in 1993. He has worked as a lawyer, acting presiding judge in Gulating, and as a judge in Nordhordland District Court.

Jordal was secretary of the Centre Party in 1993 and a member of its central committee from 2003. He was a deputy member of the municipal council of Os Municipality. In March 2008 he was appointed State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister.

Gulating Court of Appeal
The Gulating Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Gulating lagmannsrett) is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Bergen. The court has jurisdiction over the counties of Vestland and Rogaland plus Sirdal Municipality in Agder county. These areas constitute the Gulating judicial district (Norwegian: Gulating lagdømme). This court can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can be, to a limited extent, appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway.  There are 33 permanent judges seated on this court. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is currently Magni Elsheim (as of 2016). The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Lesariwala
Lesariwala is a village in Jalandhar - I in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Dichotomosiphon
Dichotomosiphon is a genus of green algae in the family Dichotomosiphonaceae. This genus is distinguished from all other members of the Bryopsidales by its oogamous reproduction and freshwater habitat. In both vegetative and reproductive aspects, it is remarkably similar to the genus Vaucheria, which is a member of the unrelated class Xanthophyceae.

Oogamy
Oogamy is a type of sexual reproduction where the gametes differ greatly in both size and form. In oogamy in animals the large female gamete (also known as the ovum) is immotile, while the small male gamete (also known as a sperm) is mobile. Most sexually reproducing species – animals,  land plants and some algae, are oogamous. It is generally accepted that isogamy is the ancestral state, from which oogamy evolved at least twenty times via anisogamy. Once oogamy evolves, males and females typically differ in various aspects. Internal fertilization may have originated from oogamy, although some studies suggest certain species may have evolved before the transition from external to internal fertilization. In streptophytes, oogamy occurred before the split from green algae.
Chilean ship Aldea
Aldea is the name of the following ships of the Chilean Navy:

Chilean destroyer Aldea, a Serrano-class destroyer in commission 1929–1957

Chilean tug Aldea, ex-USS Arikara, an Abnaki-class tug launched in 1943, in service with Chile 1971–1992, sunk as target in 1992

Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Spanish: Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.
Yepifanov
Yepifanov (masculine, Russian: Епифанов) or Yepifanova (feminine, Russian: Епифанова), also transliterated as Epifanov(a), is a Russian patronymic surname meaning "son of Yepifan". Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Yepifanov (born 1983), Russian footballer

Alla Yepifanova (born 1976), Russian cyclist

Dmitri Yepifanov (born 1978), Russian footballer

Nikolay Yepifanov (born 1926), Soviet sailor

Olga Yepifanova (born 1966), Russian politician

Dmitri Yepifanov
Dmitri Borisovich Yepifanov (Russian: Дмитрий Борисович Епифанов; born 31 January 1978) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is the goalkeepers' coach for FC Kuban Krasnodar.
Madison County Schools (Alabama)
Madison County Schools is a school district in Madison County, Alabama, United States, headquartered in an unincorporated area, bordering Huntsville.

Communities in the district include: Gurley, Harvest, Hazel Green, Meridianville, Moores Mill, New Hope, Owens Cross Roads, New Market, Redstone Arsenal, Toney, and Triana. It also includes a few parcels of Huntsville.

Triana, Alabama
Triana (/traɪˈænə/) is a municipality in southwest Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville combined statistical area. The population was 2,890 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 4,936 in 2024.
Artasyrus
Artasyrus (also spelled Artasouras; Old Iranian: Arta-sūra) was a Bactrian nobleman in the Achaemenid Empire, who was the father of Orontes I (died 344 BC), the satrap of the Armenia and ancestor of the Orontid dynasty. The career of Artasyrus is obscure. According to the Greek historian Plutarch, he held the high-ranking office of the "King's Eye". He has been suggested to be the same person as the namesake Iranian noble who participated in the Battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC. He and Orontes I are the only Bactrians who are known to have occupied high offices under the Achaemenid Empire. Bactrians that settled in other parts of the empire either did so by their own will or as garrison-colonists.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Frankfurt department store firebombings
The Frankfurt department store firebombings on 2 April 1968 in Frankfurt am Main were politically motivated arsons perpetrated by the later co-founders of the left wing extremist Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin. Together with Thorwald Proll and Horst Söhnlein, they set three fires in two department stores at night and were sentenced to three years in prison each. No people were injured; the damage in the Kaufhaus M. Schneider was calculated at 282.339 DM (equivalent to €561,952 in 2021) and in the Kaufhof, 390.865 DM (equivalent to €777,956 in 2021).

Andreas Baader
Berndt Andreas Baader (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was a West German communist and leader of the far-left terrorist organization Red Army Faction (RAF), also commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group.
Dovercourt (provincial electoral district)
Dovercourt was the name of a provincial riding in Ontario, Canada.  It existed from the 1926 election to the 1999 election. When it was established, it bordered Brockton on to the west, York South to the north, and Bracondale on the east. Lake Ontario was its southern border for most of its existence. At its abolition in 1999, it consisted of that part of the city of Toronto bounded on the north by the former city limits, on the east by Bathurst Street, on the south by Bloor Street and on the west by the CN Railway and St. Clair Avenue. It was redistributed into Davenport, St. Paul's and Trinity—Spadina ridings.

Bloor Street
Bloor Street is an east–west arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bloor Street runs from the Prince Edward Viaduct, which spans the Don River Valley, westward into Mississauga where it ends at Central Parkway. East of the viaduct, Danforth Avenue continues along the same right-of-way. The street, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) long, contains a significant cross-sample of Toronto's ethnic communities. It is also home to Toronto's famous shopping street, the Mink Mile.

A portion of Line 2 of the Bloor-Danforth subway line runs along Bloor from Kipling Avenue to the Don Valley Parkway, and then continues east along Danforth Avenue.
Agonopterix l-nigrum
Agonopterix l-nigrum is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1931. It is found on the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the Amur and Primorsky regions of the Russian Far East.

Shōnen Matsumura
Shōnen Matsumura (松村 松年, Matsumura Shōnen; 5 March  1872 – 7 November 1960) was a Japanese entomologist.

Born in Akashi, Hyōgo, Dr. Shōnen Matsumura established Japan's first course on entomology at Hokkaido University. The courses were both applied (on insects of importance in forestry and agriculture) and theoretical. He named over 1,200 species of Japanese insects and in 1926 he founded the entomological journal Insecta Matsumurana.  Matsumura wrote many scientific papers and books including 6,000 illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire (1931).  He died in Tokyo.

His collection is in Hokkaido University in Sapporo.
Cyril Bencraft Joly
Lt Colonel Cyril Bencraft Joly MC (9 September 1918 – 2000) was a British Army officer who served with 7th Armoured Division (Desert Rats) throughout the campaign in North Africa during World War II.

He described his experiences as a squadron commander in the Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) in Take These Men (1955), a (lightly fictionalised) personal narrative of the Western Desert campaign that is regarded as a classic of its kind. During Operation Crusader he served in the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment (3 RTR).

3rd Royal Tank Regiment
The 3rd Royal Tank Regiment (3 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army in existence from 1917 until 1992. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps. It originally saw action as C Battalion, Tank Corps in 1917.
GHMP kinase family
In molecular biology, the GHMP kinase family is a family of kinase enzymes. Members of this family include homoserine kinases EC 2.7.1.39, galactokinases EC 2.7.1.6, and mevalonate kinasesEC 2.7.1.36. These kinases make up the GHMP kinase superfamily of ATP-dependent enzymes. These enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenes and amino acids as well as in carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes contain, in their N-terminal section, a conserved Gly/Ser-rich region which is probably involved in the binding of ATP. The C-terminal domain of homoserine kinase has a central alpha-beta plait fold and an insertion of four helices, which, together with the N-terminal fold, creates a novel nucleotide binding fold.

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
Harries graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Harries graph or Harries (3-10)-cage is a 3-regular, undirected graph with 70 vertices and 105 edges.

The Harries graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6, diameter 6, girth 10 and is Hamiltonian. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected, non-planar, cubic graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

The characteristic polynomial of the Harries graph is

Edge connectivity
In graph theory, a connected graph is k-edge-connected if it remains connected whenever fewer than k edges are removed.

The edge-connectivity of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-edge-connected.

Edge connectivity and the enumeration of k-edge-connected graphs was studied by Camille Jordan in 1869.
VIII Corps (Grande Armée)
The VIII Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. Emperor Napoleon I formed it in 1805 by borrowing divisions from other corps and assigned it to Marshal Édouard Mortier. Marshal André Masséna's Army of Italy was also reorganized as the VIII Corps at the end of the 1805 campaign. The corps was reformed for the 1806 campaign under Mortier and spent the rest of the year mopping up Prussian garrisons in western Germany.

A new VIII Corps was formed from Westphalians for the French invasion of Russia in 1812 and placed under Junot's command once more. The corps was effectively destroyed during the retreat. The following year, the corps was rebuilt with Polish units and assigned to Józef Poniatowski. The VIII Corps fought in the 1813 German campaign and ceased to exist after the Battle of Leipzig.

Jan Nepomucen Umiński
Jan Nepomucen Umiński of Cholewa (1778–1851) was a Polish military officer and a brigadier general of the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw. A veteran of the Kościuszko Uprising, Napoleonic Wars and the November Uprising, he died in exile in Wiesbaden.
Ledin
Ledin is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

George Ledin (born 1946), American professor of computer science

Per Ledin (born 1978), Swedish ice hockey player

Tomas Ledin (born 1952), Swedish singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Wendell L. Ledin Sr. (1897-1965), American businessman and politician

Per Ledin
Pehr Gunnar Ledin (born September 14, 1978) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey forward. He most notably played with Luleå HF in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and enjoyed a brief career in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Colorado Avalanche.
Saad al-Khanfour al-Rasheedi
Saad AlـKhanfour Al-Rasheedi (Arabic: سعد علي خالد خنفور الرشيدي) is a Kuwaiti politician, representing the fourth district in the National Assembly. Born in 1965, Al-Rasheedi worked at the Interior Ministry before being elected to the National Assembly. He was elected to represent the fourth district in 2008, and he was reelected in 2009, February 2012, December 2012, 2013, 2016, 2020, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

2009 Kuwaiti general election
Early general elections were held in Kuwait on 16 May 2009, the country's third within three years. Kuwait had voted on six occasions between 1991 and 2009. The turnout rate was 50%. The election was notable in that four women were elected for the first time since Kuwait gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1961.
Stephen Smith (surgeon)
Stephen Smith (February 19, 1823 – August 26, 1922) was a New York City surgeon and civic leader who made important contributions to medical education, nursing education, public health, housing improvement, mental health reform, charity oversight, and urban environmentalism. Smith maintained an active medical practice, was an attending physician at Bellevue Hospital for thirty-seven years, and authored three surgical texts, but he was best known for his public service. Three mayors, seven governors, and two U.S. presidents appointed Smith to almost fifty years of public responsibilities. Shortly before Smith's death in 1922, Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler awarded him the school's highest honor and pronounced Smith, “the most interesting figure in American medicine and in American public service today.” The New York Academy of Medicine initiated the annual Stephen Smith Medal for lifetime achievement in public health in 2005.

Nicholas Murray Butler
Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 – December 7, 1947) was an American philosopher, diplomat, and educator. Butler was president of Columbia University, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, and the late James S. Sherman's replacement as William Howard Taft’s running mate in the 1912 United States presidential election. The New York Times printed his Christmas greeting to the nation for many years during the 1920s and 1930s.
Ronald M. Nate
Ronald M. Nate is an American politician and economist who has previously served as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from the 34th district. He was an economics professor at Brigham Young University–Idaho and is now president of the Idaho Freedom Foundation, a conservative think tank. He is part of the far-right faction of the Idaho Republican Party.

Idaho Republican Party
The Idaho Republican Party (IDGOP) is the Idaho state affiliate of the United States Republican Party, headquartered in Boise, Idaho. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling both of Idaho's United States House of Representatives seats, both United States Senate seats, the Governor of Idaho, and has supermajorities in both houses of the Idaho Legislature.
Moranbong Band
The Moranbong Band (Korean: 모란봉악단; MR: Moranbong aktan, lit. 'Tree Peony Peak Band'), also known as the Moran Hill Orchestra, is a North Korean girl group. Performing interpretive styles of pop, rock, and fusion, they are the first all-female band from the DPRK, and made their world debut on July 6, 2012. Their varied musical style has been described as symphonic because it is "putting together different kinds of sounds, and ending in a harmonious, pleasing result."

The band has been referred to in the West as "North Korea's version of the Spice Girls". They have also been noted for providing a "fascinating glimpse of what contemporary North Korean culture is like".

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).