hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medieval parish churches of York
53°57′29″N 1°04′55″W﻿ / ﻿53.958°N 1.082°W﻿ / 53.958; -1.082
York had around 45 parish churches in 1300. Twenty survive, in whole or in part, a number surpassed in England only by Norwich, and 12 are used for worship. This article consists of a list of medieval churches which still exist in whole or in part, and a list of medieval churches which are known to have existed in the past but have been completely demolished.

In 1086, the Domesday Book listed eight churches and a minster (not the current building). The number had declined to thirty-nine by 1428 due to taxation; nineteen medieval churches are in use today.

Siege of York
53°57′29″N 1°04′55″W﻿ / ﻿53.958°N 1.082°W﻿ / 53.958; -1.082

The siege of York in 1644 was a prolonged contest for York during the First English Civil War, between the Scottish Covenanter army and the Parliamentarian armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association, and the Royalist Army under the Marquess of Newcastle. It lasted from 22 April until 1 July when the city was relieved by Prince Rupert of the Rhine. Rupert and Newcastle were defeated the next day at the decisive Battle of Marston Moor, and the siege resumed until the city was surrendered on easy terms on 16 July.
Nucleic acid secondary structure
Nucleic acid secondary structure is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers. It can be represented as a list of bases which are paired in a nucleic acid molecule.
The secondary structures of biological DNAs and RNAs tend to be different: biological DNA mostly exists as fully base paired double helices, while biological RNA is single stranded and often forms complex and intricate base-pairing interactions due to its increased ability to form hydrogen bonds stemming from the extra hydroxyl group in the ribose sugar.

In a non-biological context, secondary structure is a vital consideration in the nucleic acid design of nucleic acid structures for DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing, since the pattern of basepairing ultimately determines the overall structure of the molecules.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Kelly's Garden
Kelly's Garden was a site used by the Royal Air Force in the Falkland Islands. Situated near to Port San Carlos, on the North-West Coast of East Falkland. The site is close to where the British Task Force landed to retake the Falkland Islands from the invading Argentine Forces on 21 May 1982.

Following the Falklands War, Chinook helicopters from No. 7 Squadron RAF and No. 18 Squadron RAF flew from Kelly's Garden as 'ChinDet Falkland Islands', later renamed as No. 1310 (Tactical Support) Flight RAF (1310 Flt). Later 1310 Flt was amalgamated with No. 1564 Flight RAF (1564 Flt) to form No. 78 Squadron RAF (78 Sqn) at RAF Mount Pleasant, moving from Kelly's Garden, RAF Navy Point and RAF Stanley.

Air defence of Port San Carlos and Kelly's Garden was provided by 30 Battery (Rogers's Company) a Royal Artillery detachment of Rapier surface-to-air missiles.

The origin of the name Kelly's Garden is not known, but may have been named by Irish Guards resident at the site.

No. 78 Squadron RAF
No. 78 Squadron of the Royal Air Force, is the squadron number plate of RAF (Unit) Swanwick based at London Area Control Centre, Swanwick, Hampshire. The squadron was allocated the role in early 2021.

Between January 2008 and September 2014 it operated the AgustaWestland Merlin HC3/3A transport helicopter from RAF Benson until 30 September 2014, when the Merlins were transferred to the Commando Helicopter Force of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton.

Between May 1986 and December 2007, No. 78 Squadron was based at RAF Mount Pleasant, Falkland Islands, operating Westland Sea King HAR3s and until 2006 the Boeing Chinook HC2.
Charles Turner (Canadian politician)
Charles Robert Turner (24 March 1916 – 10 January 1993) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada and later became a member of the Senate of Canada. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he became a locomotive engineer by career.

Turner represented the Ontario riding of London East at which he was elected in 1968 and re-elected in 1972, 1974, 1979 and 1980. During his terms in the House of Commons, Turner served as a Parliamentary Secretary, as Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the Whole (an Assistant Deputy Speaker) and finally as Chief Government Whip from 1980 to 1984.

After serving five successive terms from the 28th to 32nd Canadian Parliaments, he was appointed to the Senate in 1984 as recommended by Prime Minister John Turner.

1974 Canadian federal election
The 1974 Canadian federal election was held on July 8, 1974, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 30th Parliament of Canada.  The governing Liberal Party was reelected, going from a minority to a majority government, and gave Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau his third term. The Progressive Conservatives, led by Robert Stanfield, did well in the Atlantic provinces, and in the West, but Liberal support in Ontario and Quebec ensured a majority Liberal government.
Carboxylation
Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide. The opposite reaction is decarboxylation. In chemistry, the term carbonation is sometimes used synonymously with carboxylation, especially when applied to the reaction of carbanionic reagents with CO2. More generally, carbonation usually describes the production of carbonates.

Thrombin
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is encoded in the human by the F2 gene. It is proteolytically cleaved during the clotting process by the prothrombinase enzyme complex to form thrombin.
Tarikh-i Alam-ara-yi Amini
Tarīkh-i ʿĀlam-ārā-yi Amīnī (Persian: عالم آرای امینی) is a Persian book on the history of Aq Qoyunlu confederation written by Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji. It was composed after the major eastwards expansion of the Aq Qoyunlu, and was completed before 1493.

The book was dedicated to Baysunghur. It was translated in modern times by Vladimir Minorsky into English. Minorsky highly praised the author for his neutrality. The book is one of the few primary sources on the history of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty and in particular, it contains valuable information about the reigns of Sultan Ya'qub, Sultan Khalil and Uzun Hasan.

Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azerbaijani: Ağqoyunlular, آغ‌قویونلولار; Persian: آق‌ قویونلو) was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan.
Shahkar Bineshpajooh
Shahkar Bineshpajooh (Persian: شاهکار بینش‌پژوه; born 13 December 1972, in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian poet, translator, composer, and singer.

Bineshpahjooh has performed with orchestras in Europe and North America and translated works from Pablo Neruda and Bertolt Brecht into Persian. He has written several books, some of which have been banned by the Government of Iran.

Bineshpahjooh studied political geography, urban planning, and music composition. He received his doctorate in urban planning in 2002 with high honors.

Political geography
Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. Conventionally, for the purposes of analysis, political geography adopts a three-scale structure with the study of the state at the centre, the study of international relations (or geopolitics) above it, and the study of localities below it. The primary concerns of the subdiscipline can be summarized as the inter-relationships between people, state, and territory.
Kevin B. Winebold
Kevin B. Winebold (born June 17, 1979) is a New York music director and actor.

Winebold has musically directed productions of Kiss Me, Kate, The Irish… and How They Got That Way, and The Threepenny Opera. Often cast as a piano player, Winebold has starred in the television shows On the Case with Paula Zahn and Celebrity Ghost Stories, and in the films The Letter and Vengeance.

Master Class
Master Class is a 1995 play by American playwright Terrence McNally, presented as a fictional master class by opera singer Maria Callas near the end of her life, in the 1970s. The play features incidental vocal music by Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, and Vincenzo Bellini. The play opened on Broadway in 1995, with stars Zoe Caldwell and Audra McDonald winning Tony Awards.
Pulchérie Abeme Nkoghe
Pulchérie Abeme Nkoghe (born 11 December 1980) is a Gabonese poet and children's writer, and president of the Union des Ecrivains Gabonais.

Abeme Nkoghe was born in 1980 in Oyem and attended school in Port-Gentil. She has a degree in business from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Secrétariat in Libreville.

Her first published book of poetry was La vie est unbouquet de fleurs (Life is a bunch of flowers), published in 2006. She started to write children's books because  she saw the need to encourage Gabonese children's reading and imagination by giving them books in which they could recognise characters like themselves.

She is president of "Jardin du Village", an organisation which aims to empower rural communities in Gabon by encouraging the development of market gardening and animal husbandry.

In 2020, she won the Prix David Diop.

Libreville
Libreville (/ˈlɪbrəˌvɪl/; French: [libʁəvil]) is the capital and largest city of Gabon, located on the Gabon Estuary. Libreville occupies 65 square kilometres (25 sq mi) of the northwestern province of Estuaire. Libreville is also a port on the Gabon Estuary, near the Gulf of Guinea. As of the 2013 census, its population was 703,904.

The area has been inhabited by the Mpongwe people since before the French acquired the land in 1839. It was later an American Christian mission, and a slave resettlement site, before becoming the chief port of the colony of French Equatorial Africa. By the time of Gabonese independence in 1960, the city was a trading post and minor administrative centre with a population of 32,000. Since 1960, Libreville has grown rapidly and now is home to one-third of the national population.
Paul Chervinko
Paul Chervinko (July 23, 1910 – June 3, 1976) was an American Major League Baseball catcher for parts of two seasons with the Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938).  He was a native of Trauger, Pennsylvania.

Chervinko was an excellent defensive player who just couldn't hit well enough to stay in the big leagues.  Behind the plate he made only one error in 102 chances for a fielding percentage of .990.  At bat, however, he was just 11-for-75 (.147) with five runs batted in and one run scored in 42 total games.

During his time with Brooklyn he was surrounded by some quite notable people.  His manager was Hall of Famer Burleigh Grimes, and some of his teammates were future Hall of Famers as well: outfielder Heinie Manush, pitcher Waite Hoyt, and shortstop Leo Durocher.  Also on the team was All-Star infielder Cookie Lavagetto, who would later gain fame in the 1947 World Series.

Chervinko died in Danville, Illinois at the age of 65.

Trauger, Pennsylvania
Trauger is an unincorporated community and coal town in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States.

An architecturally impressive historic structure built in 1914, St. Mary's Byzantine Catholic Church is large brick building in the Spanish Renaissance style.
Serge Cardin
Serge Cardin (born July 2, 1950) is a Quebec politician. He was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the Sherbrooke electoral district from 2012 to 2014, and was formerly a Bloc Québécois Member of Parliament for the federal riding of Sherbrooke from 1998 to 2011.

In the 2011 Canadian federal election, he lost his seat to Pierre-Luc Dusseault, then a 19-year-old university student and the youngest MP ever elected in Canadian history. In the 2012 Quebec election, he unseated the incumbent Premier of Quebec Jean Charest who was also his predecessor for the federal riding. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Luc Fortin in the 2014 Quebec election.

Born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Cardin is an accountant. He was a city councillor in Sherbrooke from 1986 to 1998.

2012 Quebec general election
The 2012 Quebec general election took place in the Canadian province of Quebec on September 4, 2012. Lieutenant Governor Pierre Duchesne dissolved the National Assembly on August 1, 2012, following Premier Jean Charest's request. The Parti Québécois were elected to a minority government, with Pauline Marois becoming the first woman to be Premier of Quebec. The Quebec Liberal Party took second place, with Premier Jean Charest losing his seat. The newly formed party Coalition Avenir Québec led by François Legault took third place, while Québec solidaire took 2 seats out of the 125.

During Marois' victory speech, an attack including gunshots and a fire occurred at the Métropolis concert hall housing the event and a forty-year-old man died as a result of gunshot wounds.
Mexican Hayride
Mexican Hayride is a 1948 film starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello. The film is based on Cole Porter's Broadway musical Mexican Hayride starring Bobby Clark. No songs from the stage musical were used in the film.

Virginia Grey
Virginia Grey (March 22, 1917 – July 31, 2004) was an American actress who appeared in over 100 films and several radio and television shows from the 1930s to the early 1980s. She was romantically involved with Clark Gable for several years, after his wife, Carole Lombard's, untimely death.
Pricksongs & Descants
Pricksongs & Descants is a collection of short fiction by Robert Coover first published in 1969 by E. P. Dutton.

The volume includes “The Babysitter,” Coover’s most anthologized work of fiction.

The title refers to Medieval musical forms that are used here as a double entendre.

Double entendre
A double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, one of which is typically obvious, and the other often conveys a message that would be too socially unacceptable, or offensive to state directly.

A double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text.  Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun.  When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a "triple entendre", etc.
Mariëndijk
Mariëndijk is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland which lies on the border of Honselersdijk and the grounds of the former Paleis Honselersdijk Huis Honselaarsdijk.

Today, the hamlet is a part of the municipality of the Westland. It is situated 1.6 km (0.99 mi) north of Naaldwijk, 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the beaches at Monster and Ter Heide, 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of The Hague, 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Delft and 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Hook of Holland.

Mariëndijk is home to the pan European NGO, The Widow's Foundation, a philanthropic network supporting widows with multilingual and multidisciplinary expertise in medicine, law and finance.

Royal Flora Holland, the largest flower auction in the world, lies 1.5 km (0.93 mi) southwest of the hamlet.

In 2001, Mariëndijk had 173 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.019 km2 (4.7 acres), and contained 71 residences.

Map Honselersdijk 1620

Huis Honselaarsdijk by Daniël Stopendaal, 1710

Mariendijk 2016

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Steven Baker (producer)
Steven Baker (born 1976) is an arranger, orchestrator and record producer, best known for his work in the UK classical/pop crossover genre.  He has worked on albums and projects for a wide range of artists over the years, including Katherine Jenkins, Joe McElderry, Alfie Boe, Russell Watson, Noah Stewart, Laura Wright, Paul Potts, Hayley Westenra, Rolando Villazón, Lesley Garrett, The Priests, Gary Barlow, Only Men Aloud!, Will Martin, Faryl Smith, Friar Alessandro, Julian Ovenden, Toni Braxton, Neal E. Boyd and The Ten Tenors.

Julian Ovenden
Julian Mark Ovenden (born 29 November 1976) is an English actor and singer. He has starred on Broadway and West End stages, in television series in both the United Kingdom and United States, in films, and performed internationally as a concert and recording artist.
SK Schwadorf
Sportklub Schwadorf (more commonly known as SK Schwadorf) was an Austrian football club, based in Schwadorf. They were last playing in the First League. The club was known as Trenkwalder Sportklub Schwadorf for sponsorship reasons — Trenkwalder being the company of chairman Richard Trenkwalder. In 2008, the club merged with VfB Admira Wacker Mödling to become Trenkwalder Admira.

2. Liga (Austria)
The Second League (German: 2. Liga), commonly known as Admiral 2. Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest professional division in Austrian football.

The division currently contains 16 teams, and the champion of the league is promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga if it is not a reserve team. The three bottom teams are directly relegated from the Second League into the Regional leagues.
Joseph Trapani (immunologist)
Joseph Albert Trapani is an Australian immunologist.

Trapani studied at the University of Melbourne and did his PhD in the immunogenetics of B27-related arthropathy. He later discovered that the protein perforin forms pores in the target cell and provides access for granzymes to enter and trigger cell death by apoptosis. Since 1995, Trapania has worked on developing CAR T therapy for treating cancer.

Trapani became an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2024 Australia Day Honours for "distinguished service to medical research, particularly immunology and the development of immune-based cancer therapies, and to the community."

Perforin-1
Perforin-1 (PRF) is a pore-forming protein encoded in humans by the PRF1 gene. It is stored in the secretory granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, collectively known as cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs). Upon activation, these cells release perforin to form pores in the membranes of target cells, enabling the entry of granzymes that trigger apoptosis. Perforin is therefore a central effector molecule of the immune system, essential for the elimination of virus-infected and transformed cells. Mutations in PRF1 that impair perforin expression or function are associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) and related immune dysregulation syndromes, a spectrum of conditions sometimes collectively referred to as perforinopathies.
Stadtprozelten
Stadtprozelten (German pronunciation: [ˌʃtatpʁoˈtsɛltn̩] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association) of Stadtprozelten.

A traditional, mainly Catholic town, it is known to its inhabitants as Stadtprozle.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Lars Hjortsberg
Lars Hjortsberg (22 November 1772 – 8 July 1843) was a Swedish stage actor.  He belonged to the pioneer generation of elite actors of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and has, alongside Emilie Högquist, been referred to as the most famous Swedish actor of the first half of the 19th century.

Emilie Högquist
Emilie Sophie Högquist or Högqvist (29 April 1812 – 18 December 1846) was a Swedish stage actress.  She was a star of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and has been referred to as the first celebrity within Swedish drama and known as the Swedish Aspasia, both for her artistic ability but also for the literary salon she hosted.  She is also known in history for her love affair with King Oscar I of Sweden.
Sun Guangxian
Sun Guangxian (Chinese: 孫光憲; died 968), courtesy name Mengwen (孟文), self-styled Baoguangzi (葆光子), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Jingnan state (Nanping). He became the official who was most in charge of policies and governance after the retirement of Liang Zhen during the rule of Jingnan's second ruler Gao Conghui, and subsequently served in that role under Gao Conghui, his sons Gao Baorong and Gao Baoxu, and his grandson Gao Jichong.

Jingnan
Jingnan (simplified Chinese: 荆南; traditional Chinese: 荊南; pinyin: Jīngnán), also known as Nanping (南平; alternatively written as Southern Ping) and Northern Chu (北楚) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Lasting from 924 to 963, it was located in south-central China.
All of Your Toys
"All of Your Toys" is a song by The Monkees, recorded in 1967 but not released until 20 years later. The song was written by Bill Martin, a friend of The Monkees' Michael Nesmith. "All of Your Toys" was the first Monkees recording to feature all four members performing on the track.

Peter Tork
Peter Halsten Thorkelson (February 13, 1942 – February 21, 2019), better known by his stage name Peter Tork, was an American musician and actor. He was best known as the bass guitarist and keyboardist of the Monkees and co-star of the NBC television series of the same name (1966–68).

Tork grew up in Connecticut, and in the mid-1960s as part of the Greenwich Village folk scene in New York City, he befriended musician Stephen Stills. After moving to Los Angeles with Stills, he auditioned for a new musical television sitcom, The Monkees. The series ran from 1966 to 1968 and made Tork and his co-stars teen idols. In addition to albums released with the band, Tork released on Beachwood Recordings one solo album, Stranger Things Have Happened (1994), and later toured with James Lee Stanley, with whom he also recorded three duet albums (Two Man Band, Once Again and Live/Backstage at the Coffee Gallery), as well as his band, Shoe Suede Blues.