hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Renault AX
The Renault AX is an automobile manufactured by Renault from 1908 to 1914. It was mostly used by cab drivers.

The AX had a 2-cylinders straight engine with a displacement of 1,060 cc and a power of 8 kW. Its maximum speed was 35 mph (56 km/h). The vehicle weighed 750 kg.

Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).
Valdebernardo
Valdebernardo [baldeβeɾˈnaɾðo] is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Vicálvaro.

It was formally constituted as independent entity in 2017, after the administrative reorganization of the district carried out by the Ayuntamiento de Madrid. The urbanization planning, the so-called PAU (Programa de Actuación Urbanística) dates back to the 1980s, and it was assumed by the regional administration in 1989. There was a project to erect a 92 m high monumental armillary sphere in the neighborhood, yet the project failed to materialize. Two perpendicular boulevards (Indalecio Prieto and José Prat) conform the spine of the area. It has an area of 2.354258 km2 (0.908984 sq mi). As of 1 February 2020, it has a population of 17,851.

City Council of Madrid
The City Council of Madrid (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Madrid) is the top-tier administrative and governing body of Madrid, the capital and biggest city of Spain.

The city council is composed by three bodies: the mayor, who leads the city council and the executive branch of it; the governing council (Junta de Gobierno), which is the main body of the executive branch composed by the mayor and the councillors appointed by him; and the Plenary, a democratically elected assembly which represents the people of Madrid. The current mayor of Madrid is José Luis Martínez-Almeida since June 2019.
2016 Red Bull Air Race of Indianapolis
39°47′54″N 86°13′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.79833°N 86.23278°W﻿ / 39.79833; -86.23278

The 2016 Red Bull Air Race of Indianapolis was the seventh round of the 2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship, the eleventh season of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship. The event took place at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, in Indianapolis, the United States. German pilot Matthias Dolderer wrapped up his first championship with a round remaining, while Chilean pilot Cristian Bolton made his debut as a replacement for the late Hannes Arch.

Cristian Bolton
Lieutenant Colonel Cristian A. Bolton (born 10 October 1973) is a Chilean aviator and former fighter pilot in the Chilean Air Force. He was  a competitor and instructor in aerobatics, most notably in the Red Bull Air Race. He is Latin America's leading aerobatic pilot.

Commander Bolton was the leader of the chilean FACH Halcones Acrobatic Team during the years 2013-14.
Political positions of Sarah Palin
Sarah Palin is an American politician, commentator and author who served as the ninth Governor of Alaska from 2006 to 2009. She was the Republican Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 presidential election alongside Arizona Senator John McCain.

Palin has provided political commentary for Fox News and expressed her positions on a wide range of political issues during her career in the public eye.

Greta Van Susteren
Greta Conway Van Susteren (born June 11, 1954) is an American journalist, lawyer, and television news anchor for Newsmax TV. She was previously on CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. She hosted Fox News's On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren for 14 years (2002–2016) before departing for MSNBC, where she hosted For the Record with Greta for roughly six months in 2017. On June 14, 2022, she began hosting The Record with Greta van Susteren on Newsmax. A former criminal defense and civil trial lawyer, she appeared as a legal analyst on CNN co-hosting Burden of Proof with Roger Cossack from 1994 to 2002, playing defense attorney to Cossack's prosecutor. In 2016, she was listed as the 94th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes, up from 99th in 2015.
This Time by Basie!
This Time by Basie (subtitled Hits of the 50's & 60's) is an album released by pianist, composer and bandleader Count Basie featuring jazz versions of contemporary hits recorded in 1963 and originally released on the Reprise label.

Alan and Marilyn Bergman
Alan Bergman (September 11, 1925 – July 17, 2025) and Marilyn Keith Bergman (née Katz; November 10, 1928 – January 8, 2022) were an American songwriting duo. Married from 1958 until Marilyn's death, together they wrote music and lyrics for numerous celebrated television, film, and stage productions. The Bergmans enjoyed a successful career, honored with four Emmys, three Oscars, and two Grammys (including Song of the Year). They are in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
K'illimani
K'illimani (Aymara k'illima coal, -ni a suffix, "the one with coal", also spelled Killimani) is a 3,456-metre-high (11,339 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Irupana Municipality.

Sud Yungas Province
Sud Yungas or Sur Yungas (Aymara: Aynach Yunka jisk'a) is a province in the Bolivian department of La Paz. It was created during the presidency of José Manuel Pando on January 12, 1900. The capital of the province is Chulumani.
Guto
Guto is a Welsh given name; it can be the diminutive form of Gruffudd, Augusto or Gustavo. Notable persons with that name include:

Guto Bebb (born 1968), Welsh Conservative MP

Guto Harri (born 1966), Welsh broadcaster, writer and communications consultant

Guto Nyth Brân (1700–1737), Welsh athlete

Guto Pryce (born 1972), bass guitar player in the band Super Furry Animals

Guto Puw (born 1971), Welsh composer, university lecturer and conductor

Guto'r Glyn (1435–1493), Welsh language poet

Guto (footballer, born 1964), full name José Augusto Bagatini, Brazilian football central defender

Guto (footballer, born 1976), full name Adelton Gomes da Silva, Brazilian football goalkeeper

Guto (footballer, born 1988), full name Augusto Pacheco Fraga, Brazilian football striker

Guto Zacarias (born 1999), Brazilian politician

Carlos Augusto Filho (born 1986), Brazilian mixed martial artist and kickboxer; known as Guto Inocente

Guto Zacarias
Augusto Zacarias Corrêa Leite (born 29 April 1999), better known as Guto Zacarias, is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo since 2023. He is the great-grandson of José Correia Leite.
(91205) 1998 US43
(91205) 1998 US43 (provisional designation 1998 US43) is a resonant trans-Neptunian object of the plutino group, located in the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System. The rather bluish body measures approximately 111 kilometers (69 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 October 1998, by American astronomer Marc Buie at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in the United States.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
1892–93 United States Senate elections
The 1892–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1892 and 1893, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Republican Party lost nine seats, losing its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and did not last past the next Congress.

HathiTrust
HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
Risco Caído
Risco Caído is a land-form and archaeological site on the island of Gran Canaria, Spain. The site contains prehistoric cave dwellings, temples, and granaries attributed to the pre-Hispanic culture of the Canary Islands. It is also considered to have been used as an astronomical observatory by Aboriginal people. In July 2019, Risco Caído was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also a UNESCO recognised Cultural Landscape. It is the first World Heritage Site of the island of Gran Canaria and the province of Las Palmas and the fourth of the Canary Islands.

Cultural landscape
Cultural landscape is a term used in the fields of geography, ecology, and heritage studies, to describe a symbiosis of human activity and environment. As defined by the World Heritage Committee, it is the "cultural properties [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man" and falls into three main categories:

"a landscape designed and created intentionally by man"

an "organically evolved landscape" which may be a "relict (or fossil) landscape" or a "continuing landscape"

an "associative cultural landscape" which may be valued because of the "religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element."
Bowling (surname)
Bowling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Patricia Bowling (born 1951), British sociologist

Ann T. Bowling (1943–2000), American geneticist

Bo Bowling (born 1987), American football player

Dan Bowling (1946–2023), Virginia state delegate

Francis S. Bowling (1916–1997), justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi

Frank Bowling (born 1936), British artist

John C. Bowling (fl. 1990s–2020s), president of Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, Illinois

Victor Ray Bowling, American drag queen also known as Victoria "Porkchop" Parker

Victoria "Porkchop" Parker
Victor Ray Bowling (born 16 January 1970), known by his stage persona Victoria "Porkchop" Parker, is an American drag queen and actor who came to international attention on the first season of RuPaul's Drag Race. He is notable in part for being the first contestant ever eliminated in the history of the franchise. Bowling has also appeared elsewhere on television in and out of drag, and he has also served as a backup dancer for Miley Cyrus.

Bowling has been deemed one of the show's most successful and recognizable drag queens. Although finishing last on his season of Drag Race, Bowling has won over 100 pageants in his career as a drag queen and has toured internationally. He has frequently appeared as a guest on later seasons of Drag Race, with RuPaul often explicitly paying him homage due to his position as the first eliminated contestant in the show's history.

Due to her nickname "Porkchop", the nickname is also given to all queens that are first eliminated from the show.
Khwairakpam
Khwairakpam is a Meitei family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Khwairakpam Bishwamittra, Indian film director, actor and script writer

Khwairakpam Chaoba (1895–1950), Indian poet, essayist, and novelist

Khwairakpam Diya (1967–2025), Indian film actor, director and producer

Khwairakpam Loken Singh, Indian politician

Ulenyai Khwairakpam (born 2003), Indian cricketer

Khwairakpam Chaoba
Khwairakpam Chaoba Singh l was a poet, essayist, prose-writer and novelist. He was born in 1895 in Uripok Sorbon Thingen leikai, Imphal.He was influenced by Sanskrit tradition and is regarded as one of the best-known writers of modern Meitei literature.  He founded the Manipuri Sahitya Sammelini of Meitei literature along with Dr. Lamabam Kamal Singh, Hijam Irabot and Hijam Anganghal.
Bulawayo (Zulu empire)
Kwa-Bulawayo (prefixed according to context with 'gu-' or 'kwa-') was the royal kraal of Shaka Zulu, and as such was the capital of the early Zulu Empire. It was founded after Shaka's conquest of the Ndwandwe kingdom, in around 1820. During the conflict, Shaka made a stand outside Kwa-Bulawayo, facing two thousand Ndwande who returned from cattle rustling, in addition to five hundred more who survived the battle at Gqokli.

At Kwa-Bulawayo, Shaka first met European traders, who had come from Port Natal. An account of Shaka's interaction with the whites also cited that the location hosted figures such as John Cane and Charles Rawden Maclean, who asked for the ruler's help and blessing. 
The kraal is not to be confused with the city in Zimbabwe. It was founded and possibly named after it in the 19th century by Matabele king Lobengula, son of Shaka's former lieutenant Mzilikazi.

Kraal
Kraal (also spelled craal or kraul) is an Afrikaans and Dutch word, also used in South African English, for an enclosure for cattle or other livestock, located within a Southern African settlement or village surrounded by a fence of thorn-bush branches, a palisade, mud wall, or other fencing, roughly circular in form. It is similar to a boma in eastern or central Africa.

In Curaçao, another former Dutch colony, the enclosure was called "koraal" which means coral and which in Papiamentu is translated "kura", a word still in use today for any enclosed terrain, like a garden.
Lorberbaum
Lorberbaum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jeffrey Lorberbaum (born 1954), American billionaire businessman

Menachem Lorberbaum (born 1958), Israeli academic

Yaakov Lorberbaum (1760–1832), Polish rabbi and posek

Yaakov Lorberbaum
Jacob Lorberbaum or Jacob ben Jacob Moses of Lissa (1760-1832) , Hebrew: יעקב בן יעקב משה מליסא) was a rabbi and posek. He is most commonly known as the Ba'al HaChavas Da'as or the Ba'al HaNesivos for his most well-known works, or as the "Lissa Rav" for the city in which he was Chief Rabbi.
Image stabilization
unstabilised

lens-based optical stabilisation

sensor-shift optical stabilisation

digital or electronic stabilisation

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.

Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area reaching a frame of photographic film or the surface of an electronic image sensor. It is determined by exposure time, lens f-number, and scene luminance. Exposure is measured in units of lux-seconds (symbol lx⋅s), and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.

An "exposure" is a single shutter cycle. For example, a long exposure refers to a single, long shutter cycle to gather enough dim light, whereas a multiple exposure involves a series of shutter cycles, effectively layering a series of photographs in one image. The accumulated photometric exposure (Hv) is the same so long as the total exposure time is the same.
Rui Machete
Rui Manuel Parente Chancerelle de Machete (born 7 April 1940) is a Portuguese politician. Machete served as Minister of Social Affairs from 1976 to 1979, Minister of Justice from 1983 to 1985, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense in 1985, and Minister of State and Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in 1985.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
Law Choo Kiang
Law Choo Kiang (simplified Chinese: 刘子健; traditional Chinese: 劉子健; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâu Chú-kiān; pinyin: Liú Zǐ Jiàn; Jyutping: Lau4 Zi2 Gin6; born 5 September 1970) is a Malaysian politician who has served as 9th Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly since June 2013. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Tambun from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member and State Advisor of Penang of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions. As of 2024, he is also the second longest-serving Speaker of the Penang Assembly after Yahaya Abdul Hamid who served from 1995 to 2008 for 13 years.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR; English: People's Alliance) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
Emma Gillett Oglesby
Emma Susan Gillett Oglesby (February 11, 1845 – January 14, 1928) was an American social leader, anti-suffragist activist, and the wife of Illinois Governor Richard J. Oglesby.

As the First Lady of Illinois, Oglesby was a prominent figure in state and national social circles, known for her extensive hospitality and involvement in various civic activities, including the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.

She was also a vocal opponent of women's suffrage, serving as the 2nd vice-president of the Illinois Association Opposed to the Extension of Suffrage to Women. Oglesby married twice and had eight children.

Richard J. Oglesby
Richard James Oglesby (July 25, 1824 – April 24, 1899) was an American military officer and Republican politician from Illinois. He served three non-consecutive terms as Governor of Illinois (from 1865 to 1869, for ten days in 1873, and from 1885 to 1889) and as a United States Senator from Illinois (from 1873 to 1879). Earlier he was a member of the Illinois Senate, elected in 1860.  The town of Oglesby, Illinois, is named in his honor, as is an elementary school situated in the Auburn Gresham neighborhood of Chicago's south side.

He served in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War of 1846–47, and after the war became a prospector during the California Gold Rush and was elected to the Illinois General Assembly. During the American Civil War, Oglesby volunteered for the Union Army and rose to the rank of major general, serving in the Western Theater; he left the army when he was elected Governor of Illinois in 1864.
Bowdler Sharpe sisters
The Bowdler Sharpe sisters (fl. 1885 – 1910) were English colourists of ornithological illustrations. Between 1885 and 1910 at least seven of the ten daughters of Richard Bowdler Sharpe worked as colourists, painting lithographs drawn by Claude Wyatt, J.G. Keulemans and Henrik Grønvold. They are credited, sometimes by name and sometimes as a group, as colourists in at least five ornithological books by Sharpe, Wyatt, Joseph Whitaker, Walter Buller, and Frederick DuCane Godman. Their work was noted for its scientific accuracy in matching the correct colours to the birds. The eldest daughter, Emily Mary Sharpe, also worked as an entomologist.

John Gerrard Keulemans
Johannes Gerardus Keulemans (8 June 1842 – 29 March 1912) was a Dutch bird illustrator. For most of his life he lived and worked in England, illustrating many of the best-known ornithology books of the nineteenth century.
Mount Bigo
Mount Bigo (65°46′S 64°17′W﻿ / ﻿65.767°S 64.283°W﻿ / -65.767; -64.283) is a 1,980 m mountain in Lisiya Ridge on Magnier Peninsula, Graham Coast in Graham Land, standing immediately southwest of Mount Perchot at the head of Bigo Bay. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition of 1908–10 and named by Charcot probably for Robert Bigo of Calais, a member of the Ligue Maritime Française.

Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot (French: [ʒɑ̃ maʁtɛ̃ ʃaʁko]; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on groundbreaking work about hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is known as "the founder of modern neurology", and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms, including various conditions sometimes referred to as Charcot diseases.

Charcot has been referred to as "the father of French neurology and one of the world's pioneers of neurology". His work greatly influenced the developing fields of neurology and psychology; modern psychiatry owes much to the work of Charcot and his direct followers. He was the "foremost neurologist of late nineteenth-century France" and has been called "the Napoleon of the neuroses".
Metalectra tantillus
Metalectra tantillus, the black fungus moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It has been recorded from the US states of  Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from January to October, with most records from April to August.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.