hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sugar industry in the United States
The sugar industry in the United States produces sugarcane and sugar beets, operates sugar refineries, and produces and markets refined sugars, sugar-sweetened goods, and other products. The United States is among the world's largest sugar producers. Unlike most other sugar producing countries, the United States has both large and well-developed sugarcane and sugar beet industries. Refined sugarcane, processed sugar beet, and high-fructose corn syrup are all commonly used in the U.S. as added sugars to sweeten food and beverages.

Historically, sugar production was important in the growth of slavery in Louisiana and in the U.S. annexation of Hawaii.

The Sugar Association is the trade association for the sugar industry in the United States. Sugar marketing in the U.S. is supported by sugar producers and the producers of sweetened food and beverages.

Newlands Resolution
The Newlands Resolution, 30 Stat. 750, was a joint resolution passed on July 7, 1898, by the United States Congress to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii. In 1900, Congress created the Territory of Hawaii.

The resolution was drafted by Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada, a member of the Silver Party. Annexation was a highly controversial political issue, along with the similar issue of the acquisition of the Philippines in 1898.
Paths of the Soul
Paths of the Soul (Chinese: 冈仁波齐Standard Tibetan: གངས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ, gangs rin po che) is a 2015 Chinese film directed, written, and produced by Zhang Yang.   It tells of a journey taken by Tibetan villagers on a 1,200 kilometer pilgrimage to Lhasa.

The film premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. It was subsequently presented at the 2015 Busan International Film Festival, 2016 Vilnius International Film Festival, 2016 Hong Kong International Film Festival, 2016 Goteborg International Film Festival, 2016 Rotterdam International Film Festival, and the 2016 Seattle International Film Festival, among others.

The film was given a limited release in North America on 13 May 2016.  It was also shown at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City from May 13 to May 19, 2016.

The film was released in China on 20 June 2017.

Gothenburg Film Festival
Göteborg Film Festival (GFF), formerly Göteborg International Film Festival (GIFF), known in English as the Gothenburg Film Festival, formerly Gothenburg International Film Festival, is an annual film festival in Gothenburg, Sweden and the largest film event in Scandinavia. When it was launched on February 8, 1979, it showed 17 films on 3 screens and had 3,000 visitors.

Today, the film festival takes place over 10 days each year at the end of January and beginning of February. In recent years an estimated 450 films from 60 countries annually have been screened for 115,000 visitors. The film festival is an important market place for contractors in the movie industry.
Taiyuanzhan Xiguangchang station
Taiyuanzhan Xiguangchang (simplified Chinese: 太原站西广场; traditional Chinese: 太原站西廣場; lit. 'Taiyuan Railway Station West Square') is an metro station on Line 1 of the Taiyuan Metro. It is located in the Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. The station is located under Yingze Street between South No.1 Alley, Wuyi East Street / North No.2 Alley, Qiaodong Street and Jianshe South Road.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
Cynosaurus
Cynosaurus is an extinct genus of cynodonts. Remains have been found from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone in South Africa. Cynosaurus was first described by Richard Owen in 1876 as Cynosuchus suppostus. Cynosaurus has been found in the late Permian period. Cyno- is derived from the Greek word kyon for dog and –sauros in Greek meaning lizard.

Cynodontia
Cynodontia (from Ancient Greek  κύων (kúōn) 'dog' and  ὀδούς (odoús) 'tooth') is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives (Mammaliaformes), having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic.

Non-mammalian cynodonts occupied a variety of ecological niches, both as carnivores and as herbivores. Following the emergence of mammals, most other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammaliaform cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous.
The Wave (2018 TV series)
The Wave is a British game show which premiered on 15 January 2018 until 19 March 2018, as a ten-part series on W. It is hosted by Rylan Clark-Neal with Keri-anne Payne overseeing the contestants. The concept of the show is that teams consisting of two members would enter the show together. One of the team members would be in the sea whilst the other will stay on land. The teammate in the sea will swim to pontoons to answer questions to win a cash prize. If they got an answer wrong, they would get weighed down by rocks.

Pontoon boat
A pontoon boat is a flattish boat that relies on floats to remain buoyant. These pontoons (also called tubes) contain much reserve buoyancy and allow designers to create large deck plans fitted with a variety of accommodations including expansive lounge areas, stand-up bars, and sun pads. More horsepower is now able to be applied to the stern due to design improvements. Pontoon boat drafts may be as shallow as eight inches (20 centimetres), which reduces risk of running aground and underwater damage; this allows it to come close to shore to pick up and drop off loads.
Myanmar–South Korea relations
Myanmar–South Korea relations (Burmese: မြန်မာ–တောင်ကိုရီးယား ဆက်ဆံရေး; Korean: 한국–미얀마 관계, romanized: Hanguk–Miyanma Gwangye) are the bilateral relations between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Republic of Korea. The two countries established their diplomatic relations on 16 May 1975.

The history of contact between the two countries goes back to 1948, the year of the declaration of Burmese independence. Although the Burmese military junta and North Korea had cooperated over nuclear issues for the past few decades, Prime Minister U Nu initially favoured Syngman Rhee's South Korean government.: 5  During the Korean War, Burma donated 50,000 dollars' worth of rice to Korea and balanced the interest of both Koreas, taking into consideration the position of China.

Commercial and trade relationships between the two countries grew rapidly after the 2010s, when Myanmar implemented political reforms, South Korea being Myanmar's sixth largest foreign investor by August 2020.

Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.

There are multiple romanization systems in common use. The two most prominent systems are McCune–Reischauer (MR) and Revised Romanization (RR). MR is almost universally used in Western academic Korean studies, and a variant of it has been the official system of North Korea since 1992. RR is the official system of South Korea and has been in use since 2000.

The earliest romanization systems for Korean emerged around the mid-19th century. Due to a number of factors, including the properties of the Korean language and alphabet, as well as social and geopolitical issues, a single settled standard did not emerge. By 1934, there were 27 extant romanization systems, and by 1997, there were over 40.
Jermaine Thomas (basketball)
Jermaine Dontay Thomas (born January 12, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for Cuore Napoli Basket. He played basketball for Governor Thomas Johnson High School in Frederick, Maryland and La Salle University in Philadelphia. Thomas has played in several countries, including for Spanish team Bàsquet Manresa in Liga ACB. In 2019, Thomas was charged and sentenced to 3 years in jail with sex abuse at the Jefferson School in Frederick, Maryland

Governor Thomas Johnson High School
Governor Thomas Johnson High School (GTJHS) is a four-year public high school in Frederick, Maryland, United States. The school is home to the Academy for the Fine Arts, an audition-only visual and performing arts program for talented students in Frederick County from grades 9-12. The school is also home to the naval Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps for Frederick County (NJROTC).
DV8 Defenders
DV8 Defenders is an American amateur soccer team based in Redwood City, California, United States. Founded in 1997, the team plays in Region IV of the United States Adult Soccer Association, a network of amateur leagues at the fifth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

The team plays its home games at Bechet Field in Red Morton Community Park. The team's colors are navy blue, black and white.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
Seneca Williams Mill
Seneca Williams Mill is a historic building located just outside of Maquoketa, Iowa, United States.  Originally known as Oakland Mill, it was built by Joseph Willey in 1867.  The 2½-story stone building has a partial basement and is capped with a gable roof.  A water-powered turbine, still extant, supplied the power to operate the mill.  The location of the mill race can still be seen on the east side of the property, and permanents of the damn remain in Prairie Creek.  None of the mill workings remain on the inside.  Willey sold the mill to Seneca Williams in 1867, and he operated in until 1904.  The building was converted into a barn in 1920.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.  Wildlife artist Patrick J. Costello used the old mill as a residence and studio from 1979 to 2006.  His daughter Tracy Costello Taylor has operated it since as a reception hall.

Maquoketa, Iowa
Maquoketa (/məˈkoʊkɪtə/) is a city in Jackson County, Iowa, United States. Located on the Maquoketa River, it is the county seat of Jackson County. The population was 6,128 at the 2020 census.

U.S. Route 61 adjoins the city, which therefore hosts traffic between Dubuque and the Quad Cities. Iowa Highways 62 and 64 also pass through the city. Maquoketa Caves State Park is located a few miles northwest of Maquoketa.
Two Birds with the Wings of One
Two Birds with the Wings of One is a ballet made by Jean-Pierre Bonnefoux for New York City Ballet's Diamond Project to two poems from the Sung Dynasty and "Chi Lin's Dance" from Flute Moon by Bright Sheng. The premiere took place on May 25, 2006, at New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.

Jean-Pierre Bonnefous
Jean-Pierre Bonnefous or Bonnefoux (French: [ʒɑ̃pjɛʁ bɔnfu]; 9 April 1943 – 15 April 2025) was a French ballet dancer and instructor. He was during different tenures the artistic director of the Charlotte Ballet and the Chautauqua Institution.
Lykoshino
Lykoshino (Russian: Лыкошино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Lykoshino (settlement), Bologovsky District, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino (village), Bologovsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino, Lesnoy District, Tver Oblast, a village in Lesnoy District of Tver Oblast

Lykoshino, Danilovsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Danilovsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Lykoshino, Tutayevsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Tutayevsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Lykoshino (settlement), Bologovsky District, Tver Oblast
58°06′26″N 33°42′40″E﻿ / ﻿58.10722°N 33.71111°E﻿ / 58.10722; 33.71111

Lykoshino (Russian: Лыко́шино) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Bologovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Valdayka River, northwest of the town of Bologoye (the administrative center of the district).

It has a railway station on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway. On November 27, 2009, it was the closest settlement to the 2009 Nevsky Express bombing, and its residents aided in evacuating the train.
Brad Dexter
Brad Dexter (born Boris Michel Soso; April 9, 1917 – December 12, 2002) was an American actor and film producer. He is known for tough-guy and western roles, including the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven (1960), and producing several films for Sidney J. Furie such as Lady Sings the Blues. He is also known for a short marriage to Peggy Lee, a friendship with Marilyn Monroe and for saving Frank Sinatra from drowning. Dexter's tough-guy roles contrasted with his easygoing and friendly real-life personality.

Walter Mirisch
Walter Mortimer Mirisch (November 8, 1921 – February 24, 2023) was an American film producer. He was the president and executive head of production of The Mirisch Corporation, an independent film production company which he formed in 1957 with his brother, Marvin, and half-brother, Harold. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture as producer of In the Heat of the Night (1967).
Chang Woe-ryong
Chang Woe-ryong (Korean: 장외룡; Korean pronunciation: [tɕaŋ.we̞.ɾjoŋ]; born April 5, 1959) is a South Korean football coach and a former international player who represented his country in the 1980 AFC Asian Cup.

K League 1
The K League 1 (Korean: K리그1) is a professional association football league in South Korea and the highest level of the South Korean football league system. The league is contested by twelve clubs. It is one of the most successful leagues in the Asian Football Confederation, with its past and present clubs having won a record twelve AFC Champions League titles.
George Henry Yale
Major  George Henry Yale  (28 September 1820 – 18 June 1897) was a Canadian military officer, industrialist and politician. He became one of the founders of Louiseville, Quebec, and was elected its first mayor. He was made Justice of the Peace under Baronet La Fontaine, and was involved in number of ventures related to the fur trade. He was twice candidate for the Parliament of Canada.

He also gave his name to Yaletown village, which he acquired from Lord Samuel Gerrard, president of the Bank of Montreal, and was the second pioneer tanner in Canada in his domain. Members of his family included fur merchant James Murray Yale, his uncle, and Isabella Yale, his cousin, who became the daughter-in-law of Gov. Sir George Simpson of the Hudson's Bay Company.

Rivière-du-Loup
Rivière-du-Loup (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ dy lu]; 2021 population 20,118) is a small city on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec.  The city is the seat for the Rivière-du-Loup Regional County Municipality and the judicial district of Kamouraska. It is one of the largest cities in Bas-Saint-Laurent.
Pournamithinkal
Pournamithinkal is an Indian Malayalam-language television soap opera drama. The show premiered on Asianet and streams on Disney+ Hotstar. It was produced by Chitra Shenoy's Good Company Productions.

Chitra Shenoy, Gauri Krishnan, and Vishnu Nair play the lead roles and veteran actor Sai Kumar made his comeback to the mini screen after 14 years. The show went off air on 17 April 2021 due to poor ratings.

Ranjani Raghavan
Ranjani Raghavan is an Indian film and television actress, director and writer who predominantly acts in Kannada films. She is well known for her role in the Kannada TV series, Putta Gowri Maduve. and Kannadathi. She wrote a book called Kathe Dabbi, which became a bestseller with more than 15 editions in six months. Her second book ‘Swipe Right’ was released on December 7, 2022, selling over 5000 copies in one month. The novel has received the youths' love and appreciation.
John and Michael
John and Michael is a 2004 animated short by Shira Avni about two men with Down syndrome who share a loving relationship.

The film was animated with clay backlit on plexiglas, to produce a stained glass effect. Avni made over 14,000 paintings to create the film. It is narrated by Brian Davis, who is himself intellectually disabled. John and Michael was co-produced by Avni and Michael Fukushima of the National Film Board of Canada.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate. It is a transparent thermoplastic used as an engineering plastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic and acrylic glass and by the trade names and brands Crylux, Walcast, Wanjiale, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, PerClax, and Perspex, among several others (see below). This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. It can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.

It is often technically classified as a type of glass in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance, hence its occasional historical designation as acrylic glass.
3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

carbamoyl phosphate + a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate  phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are carbamoyl phosphate and 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate, whereas its two products are phosphate and 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, that transfer one-carbon groups, specifically the carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases.

The systematic name of this enzyme class is carbamoyl-phosphate:3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate carbamoyltransferase.

This enzyme has at least one effector, ATP.

Carbamoyl phosphate
Carbamoyl phosphate is an anion of biochemical significance. In land-dwelling animals, it is an intermediary metabolite in nitrogen disposal through the urea cycle and the synthesis of pyrimidines. Its enzymatic counterpart, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I), interacts with a class of molecules called sirtuins, NAD dependent protein deacetylases, and ATP to form carbamoyl phosphate. CP then enters the urea cycle in which it reacts with ornithine (a process catalyzed by the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase) to form citrulline.
Padikkadha Pannaiyar
Padikkadha Pannaiyar (transl. Uneducated Landlord) is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan and produced by G. Sulochana. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, Y. G. Mahendra and V. K. Ramasamy. It is a remake of the director's 1967 film Kan Kanda Deivam, and was Vijaya's 200th film as an actress.

K. R. Vijaya
Deivanayaki, better known by her stage name K. R. Vijaya, is an Indian actress who has featured in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada films. She started her career in 1963 and has been acting for more than six decades in South Indian cinema. The actress has worked with almost all the stalwarts of South Indian cinema and has played many key roles.
Hi-C
Hi-C is an American fruit juice–flavored drink made by the Minute Maid division of The Coca-Cola Company. It was created by Niles Foster in 1946 and released in 1947. The sole original flavor was orange, with additional flavours introduced in subsequent years.

Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources like meat or seafood, such as clam juice. Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increases with a country's income level.
1990 Soul Train Music Awards
The 1990 Soul Train Music Awards was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California and aired live in select cities on March 14, 1990 (and was later syndicated in other areas), honoring the best in R&B, soul, rap, jazz, and gospel music from the previous year. The show was hosted by Patti LaBelle, Luther Vandross and Dionne Warwick.

Eric Gable
Eric Gable (born October 28, 1967) is an American soul/R&B singer. From 1988 to 1994, he released three studio albums, being signed to Orpheus Records/Epic Records, and had a number-one R&B hit "Remember (The First Time)". Another single, "Process of Elimination", peaked at number sixty-three in the UK Singles Chart in March 1994, his only UK chart entry.
Turem
Turem (Persian: تورم, also Romanized as Tūrem) is a village in Zardalan Rural District, Helilan District, Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 5 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Senas of Makwanpur
The Senas of Makwanpur was a kingdom located in the northern parts of the Mithila region of Nepal. For a part of their history, up till 1675, they were subordinate to the Rajas of Darbhanga and paid tribute to them. They were later conquered in 1762 by Prithvi Narayan Shah during his unification of Nepal military campaign in the battle of Makwanpur. In that battle, 60 Gorkhali and 400 soldiers of Makwanpur were killed.

The official language of the Sen kings of Makwanpur was Maithili.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.