hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National democracy (Marxism–Leninism)
National democracy is a Marxist–Leninist theoretical concept that chiefly encompasses three processes: the national liberation struggle, the national democratic revolution and the national democratic state. The first process focuses on the establishment of a state formation through a national liberation struggle. The second process covers the national democratic revolution, how revolutionaries seize power in the newly-independent state. The last process deals with how a national democratic state can transition the society it controls from the pre-capitalist or capitalist mode of production to the socialist mode of production, in a bid to establish a communist state formation known as the socialist state.

National democratic theory has also spawned concepts unique to certain states. For example, the official ideology of the African National Congress in South Africa is the national democratic revolution.

Yevgeny Primakov
Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015, Russian pronunciation: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj mɐˈksʲiməvʲɪtɕ prʲɪmɐˈkof]) was a Russian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999. During his long career, he also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998, the Director of Foreign Intelligence from 1991 to 1996, and Speaker of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Primakov was an academician (Arabist) and a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
2003 CONCACAF U-20 Tournament qualifying
This article features the 2003 CONCACAF U-20 Tournament qualifying stage. Caribbean and Central American teams entered in separate tournaments. The North American teams Canada and Mexico automatically qualified, as well as main tournament hosts Panama (Central America) and the United States (North America). Eighteen Caribbean teams entered, of which two qualified and five Central American teams entered, of which two qualified.

Caribbean Football Union
The Caribbean Football Union (CFU) is the representative organization for football associations in the Caribbean. It represents 25 FIFA member nations, as well as 6 territories that are not affiliated with FIFA. The Union was established in January 1978 and its member associations compete in the CONCACAF region.

The CFU runs multiple competitions, including the CFU Club Shield, CONCACAF Caribbean Cup, and youth challenge series.
Satoko Inoue
Satoko Inoue (井上 郷子, Inoue Satoko; born January 29, 1958) is a Japanese musician.

Inoue is a concert pianist whose performance repertoire is mainly contemporary music. Inoue is also associate professor at the Kunitachi College of Music in Tokyo.

Repertoire
Repertory or repertoire (/ˈrɛpərtwɑːr/) is the list or set of works a person or company is accustomed to performing. Whether the English or French spelling is used has no bearing, but it was the French word, with an accent on the first e, répertoire, that first took hold, in 1847, derived from the late Latin word repertorium. The readiness or preparedness of persons or companies to perform certain works gives rise to an identifiable "standard repertory" in theatre, ballet, opera, choral music, chamber music, guitar recitals, piano recitals, organ recitals, orchestral music and indeed all other "performing arts" forms.
Karl Strom
Karl W. Strom (born 1966), M.D., F.A.C.S. is a surgeon that specializes in laparoscopy and bariatrics at various Hackensack University Medical Center's locations in Montclair and Westwood, New Jersey and in Southern Ocean Medical Center, Bayshore Community Hospital and Raritan Bay Medical Center.

Strom obtained BS degree from the University of Vermont and then got his MS from Montclair State University and MD from St. George's University School of Medicine. Following graduation, he was a fellow at New York Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College and then served as chief resident in general surgery and laparoscopic surgery at the same place.

Since 2007, he is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

St. George's University
St. George's University is a private for-profit medical school and international university in Grenada, West Indies, offering degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, the health sciences, nursing, arts and sciences, and business.
St. George's University was established by an act of Grenada's parliament on July 23, 1976. Classes in the School of Medicine began January 17, 1977. In 1993, the university added graduate and undergraduate programs. In 1996, it was granted a charter for the School of Arts and Sciences and a Graduate Studies Program. In 1997, undergraduate courses in international business, life sciences, medical sciences, pre-medical and pre-veterinary medicine were added. The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1999, as was the university's Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine.
Cell cycle hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by two hallmarks: senile plaques and the neurofibrillary tangle. Senile plaques are extracellular aggregations of amyloid-b (Aβ) protein. Neurofibrillary tangles are collections of hyperphosphorylated tau protein associated with microtubules found within neurons. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are widespread throughout brain tissue and mirror other pathological changes associated with AD.

Amyloid plaques
Amyloid plaques (also known as neuritic plaques, amyloid beta plaques or senile plaques) are extracellular deposits of  amyloid beta (Aβ) protein that present mainly in the grey matter of the brain. Degenerative neuronal elements and an abundance of microglia and astrocytes can be associated with amyloid plaques. Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease.

The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400–450 square micrometers (μm2). The smallest plaques (less than 200 μm2), which often consist of diffuse deposits of Aβ, are particularly numerous. Plaques form when Aβ misfolds and aggregates into oligomers and longer polymers, the latter of which are characteristic of amyloid.
1846 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Bhandarkhal massacre (Nepali: भण्डारखाल पर्व) was a political massacre that occurred in Bhandarkhal garden of Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu on 31 October 1846.

It was led by Jung Bahadur Rana and his supporters, a month after the infamous Kot massacre, and at least 30 people were killed in it.

Hanuman Dhoka
Hanuman Dhoka (Nepali: हनुमान ढोका) is a complex of structures with the Royal Palace of the Malla kings and also of the Shah dynasty in the Durbar Square of central Kathmandu, Nepal. The Hanuman Dhoka Palace (Hanuman Dhoka Darbar in Nepali) gets its name from the stone image of Hanuman, the Hindu deity, that sits near the main entryway. 'Dhoka' means door or gate in Nepali. The buildings were severely damaged in the 2015 earthquake.
2025 AMA National Motocross Championship
The 2025 AMA Motocross Championship season was the 54th AMA Motocross National Championship season, the premier motocross series in USA.

Chase Sexton was the defending champion in the 450 class, after winning the title in 2024. Sexton was unable to defend his title after missing part of the season due to an injury sustained at the opening round. Jett Lawrence won all but two rounds of the series to take his second premier class title.

In the 250 class, Haiden Deegan was the defending champion. Deegan was able to successfully defend his championship, taking thirteen race wins and seven overall victories.

The championship formed the second part of the 2025 SuperMotocross World Championship season.

Haiden Deegan
Haiden Deegan (born January 10, 2006) is an American professional motorcycle racer, competing in the AMA Supercross and Motocross championships. He is a two-time 250cc SMX Champion, a two-time AMA Motocross 250cc Champion, & the 2025 AMA Supercross 250cc West Champion.
Ultimate Fighting Championship controversies
The American-based Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is the largest mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion in the world. Since its inception in 1993, the UFC has been the subject of controversies, ranging from moral condemnation of its events by politicians, which resulted in MMA being banned in many US states during the late 90's to mid 2010's, to criticism for underpaying its athletes and for criminal behavior committed by its fighters.

UFC 229
UFC 229: Khabib vs. McGregor was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) that was held on October 6, 2018, at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

This event was the most-bought UFC pay-per-view of all time with a buyrate of 2.4 million.
Diocese of the Mid-Atlantic
The Diocese of the Mid-Atlantic (DOMA) is an Anglican Church in North America diocese, encompassing Virginia, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and northeastern North Carolina, with 38 congregations, including several church plantings. The diocese was originally organized in 2006 as the Anglican District of Virginia when a group of conservative Virginian congregations withdrew from the Episcopal Church in opposition to the election of an openly gay bishop. It achieved diocesan status on June 21, 2011.

In 2025, DOMA became the focus of a Washington Post report revealing that the FBI was investigating a youth minister employed at one of its largest parishes after an independent inquiry concluded that the youth minister groomed and sexually abused children.

Sexual grooming
Sexual grooming is the action or behavior used to establish an emotional connection with a vulnerable person under the age of consent – and sometimes the victim's family, to lower their inhibitions with the objective of sexual abuse. It can occur in various settings, including online, in person, and through other means of communication. Children who are groomed may experience mental health issues, including "anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal thoughts".
Mother's Cookies
Mother's Cookies is a food brand owned by Italian conglomerate Ferrero Group. Mother Cookies began as a bakery based in Oakland, California, that operated from 1914 to 2008. A sister company, Archway Cookies of Battle Creek, Michigan, was founded in 1936. Both Mother's Cookies and Archway declared bankruptcy in 2008. At its height, the company distributed cookies throughout the United States, and was one of the leading cookie makers in the country. The Kellogg Company acquired the Mother's Cookies trademark and recipes in December 2008 and brought the brand back to West Coast grocery store shelves on May 14, 2009.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Cow mortality
Cow mortality refers to the death of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) commonly attributed to disease, accidents, environmental factors, age, or other causes. Mortality in cows affects agricultural productivity, animal welfare, herd management practices, and farm economics worldwide.

Environmental factor
An environmental factor, ecological factor or eco factor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that influences living organisms.  Abiotic factors include ambient temperature, amount of sunlight, air, soil, water and pH of the water soil in which an organism lives.  Biotic factors would include the availability of food organisms and the presence of biological specificity, competitors, predators, and parasites.

Harmful factors are considered environmental hazards.
The Defiant (band)
The Defiant is an American punk rock supergroup consisting of vocalist Dicky Barrett (the Mighty Mighty BossToneS), drummer Pete Parada (the Offspring), guitarist Greg Camp (Smash Mouth), bassist Johnny Rioux (Street Dogs), and guitarist Joey La Rocca (the Briggs).

Street Dogs
Street Dogs is an American punk rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, formed in 2002 by former Dropkick Murphys singer Mike McColgan. The band disbanded in early 2020 after 17 years together but reunited again in 2024.
Goldson
Goldson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annie Goldson, New Zealand film academic

Connor Goldson (born 1992), English football defender

Dashon Goldson (born 1984), American football safety

Kadrian Goldson (born 1997), Jamaican track and field athlete

Kimberly Goldson, American fashion designer

Philip Goldson (1923–2001), Belizean newspaper editor, activist and politician

Annie Goldson
Anne Veronica Goldson ONZM is a New Zealand journalism and film academic specialising in documentaries. Her films include Punitive Damage, Georgie Girl, Brother Number One and Kim Dotcom: Caught in the Web.
Senate district 33 – Děčín
Senate district 33 – Děčín is an electoral district of the Senate of the Czech Republic, located in the entirety of the Děčín District. From 2014 onwards, Zbyňek Linhart, an Mayors and Independents nominee, is the Senator for the district.

Mayors and Independents
Mayors and Independents (Czech: Starostové a nezávislí, STAN) is a liberal political party in the Czech Republic, focused on localism, regionalism and subsidiarity. It holds 20 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and is the third strongest party by number of seats following the 2025 election. In the Senate, STAN is represented by 19 Senators.

The party grew out of four minor parties, including the Independent Mayors for the Region, and the liberal-conservative SNK European Democrats. Until 2016, the party cooperated in national elections with another liberal-conservative party, TOP 09. STAN contested the 2021 Czech parliamentary election as part of the coalition Pirates and Mayors with the Czech Pirate Party.
1995–96 Egyptian Premier League
16 teams participated in the 1995–96 Egyptian Premier League season. The first team in the league was the champion, and was supposed to qualify to the CAF Champions League, but this did not happen as Al Ahly was boycotting the CAF competitions so the runner up Zamalek qualified instead.
Al Ahly won the league for the 25th time in the club's history.

1997 CAF Champions League
The 1997 CAF Champions League was the 33rd season of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by CAF, and the inaugural season under the revamped CAF Champions League title and format. Raja Casablanca of Morocco defeated Obuasi Goldfields of Ghana on penalties in the final to win their second title.
Hardscrabble River
Hardscrabble River is the estuary of Wilson Stream, a small river in Washington County, Maine. From its source (44°59′46″N 67°16′55″W﻿ / ﻿44.996°N 67.282°W﻿ / 44.996; -67.282﻿ (Wilson Stream source)) in Charlotte, Wilson Stream runs about 10 miles (16 km) southeast to Dennys Bay. It changes name to Hardscrabble River at about the point where it is crossed by U.S. Route 1 (44°56′02″N 67°13′34″W﻿ / ﻿44.9338°N 67.2261°W﻿ / 44.9338; -67.2261﻿ (Wilson Stream / Hardscrabble River)). This section of the stream separates Pembroke on its left bank from Dennysville and Edmunds on its right.

Dennys Bay
Dennys Bay is a bay in Washington County, Maine.
Located between the towns of Pembroke, Dennysville, and Whiting, it extends roughly 5 mi. (8 km) from Dennysville to Cobscook Bay and is 2 mi. (3 km) at its widest.
Praepostor
Praepostor (sometimes spelt Praepositor) is a term now used chiefly at English independent schools, such as Aldenham, Brentwood, Clifton, Eton, Giggleswick, Harrow, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Tonbridge and Uppingham as well as at other schools such as the former Derby School which began as grammar schools for the teaching of Latin grammar. It is the equivalent of prefect. The word originally referred to a monastic prior and is late Latin of the Middle Ages, derived from classical Latin praepositus, "placed before".

The use of praepostor in the context of a school is derived from the practice of using older children to lead or control younger children. This originally involved both leading in lessons and keeping general discipline, but latterly it involved only discipline.

Children helping to lead classes were also called monitors, and the terms praepostor and monitor are roughly equivalent to prefect and sub-prefect in many other English schools.

Aldenham School
Aldenham School is a co-educational private boarding and day school for pupils aged eleven to eighteen, located between Elstree and the village of Aldenham in Hertfordshire, England. There is also a preparatory school for pupils from the ages of five to eleven. It was founded in the late sixteenth century by Richard Platt.
Tobias Scheytt
Tobias Scheytt (born 15 March 1963, in Essen, Germany) is a German Professor of Management Accounting and Control, Head of the Department of Management Accounting and Control (ICU), and Head of the Centre of Postgraduate Education (ZWW) at the Helmut Schmidt University (University of the Federal Armed Forces) in Hamburg. Scheytt's academic work covers control systems; risk and risk management; quality management; business development; and public and expert organizations.

University of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669.

It is the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department.
Paul Gnamia M'Boule
Paul Gnamia M'Boule (born April 11, 1938) is an Ivorian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Four years later in Munich, M'Boule was eliminated in the repechage round of the same event.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-2 1000 metres
The men's K-2 1000 metres event was a pairs kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. In the official report, heats were shown timed in tenths of a second (0.1) while the rest of the events were shown timed in hundredths of a second (0.01).
John Charteris
Brigadier General John Charteris, CMG, DSO (8 January 1877 – 4 February 1946) was a British Army officer. During the First World War, he was the Chief of Intelligence at the British Expeditionary Force General Headquarters from 1915 to 1918. In later life he was a Unionist Party Member of Parliament for Dumfriesshire.

Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)
The Intelligence Corps (Int Corps) is a corps of the British Army. It is responsible for gathering, analysing and disseminating military intelligence and also for counter-intelligence and security. The Director of the Intelligence Corps is a brigadier.
Paige Railey
Paige Railey (born May 15, 1987 in Clearwater, Florida) is an American sailor who races in the Laser Radial division. She has been a member of U.S. Sailing Team since 2005 and is also a member of the Harken and McLube Speedteam. She was awarded in 2006 the ISAF World Sailor of the Year Award and the U.S. Sailing's Rolex Yachtswoman of the Year.

She nearly qualified for the 2008 Beijing Olympics but was edged out by eventual gold-medal winner Anna Tunnicliffe at the U.S. Olympic Trials. Paige competed in the 2012 Olympic Games in London, the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, and the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo.

World Sailor of the Year Awards
The World Sailor of the Year Awards were launched in 1994 by World Sailing (formerly the International Sailing Federation) to reward individual sailors for outstanding achievements in the sport. The awards have been sponsored by Rolex since 2001.
Ynysddu
Ynysddu is a small village, community and electoral ward in the Sirhowy valley of south-east Wales. It is part of the district of Caerphilly within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. It lies between to Cwmfelinfach and Wyllie, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) north of the town of Risca and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the market town of Blackwood. It is about 10 minutes by road from the M4 motorway and 20 minutes from the Second Severn Crossing. The population in 2008 was 2,905, increasing to 3,948 at the 2011 Census.

The community includes the settlements of Cwmfelinfach, Wyllie and Wattsville.

Historic counties of Wales
The historic counties of Wales (Welsh: siroedd hynafol) were the thirteen sub-divisions used in Wales from 1535 up to their abolition in 1974 when they were replaced by eight larger administrative counties (which in turn were replaced with the current twenty-two). They were used for various functions for several hundred years, with some dating to 1282, but for administrative purposes have been superseded by contemporary sub-national divisions, some of which bear some limited similarity to the historic entities in name and extent. They are alternatively known as ancient counties.
Spirotetronate cyclase AbyU
Spirotetronate cyclase AbyU is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition in the abyssomicin C biosynthetic pathway. A key step in the biosynthesis of this compound catalyzed by AbyU involves intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition—also known as the Diels-Alder reaction—to form a heterobicyclic ring system precursor consisting of tetronic acid and a cyclohexene ring that are spiro-linked.

AbyU is a natural Diels-Alderase found in the marine actinomycete Verrucosispora maris. Abyssomicin C, synthesized with the help of AbyU, is a potent inhibitor of bacterial folate metabolism. It is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Abyu is one of very few enzymes that are able to catalyze pericyclic reactions which effectively form regioselective and stereoselective carbon-carbon bonds.

Multiple drug resistance
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one antimicrobial drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. Antimicrobial categories are classifications of antimicrobial agents based on their mode of action and specific to target organisms. The MDR types most threatening to public health are MDR bacteria that resist multiple antibiotics; other types include MDR viruses, parasites (resistant to multiple antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs of a wide chemical variety).