hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England during 2022. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

Jonathan Van-Tam
Sir Jonathan Stafford Nguyen Van-Tam (born 2 February 1964) is a British physician specialising in influenza, including its epidemiology, transmission, vaccinology, antiviral drugs and pandemic preparedness.

After hospital work, Van-Tam was involved variously as a university lecturer and within the pharmaceutical industry. Van-Tam became a Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England on 2 October 2017. He played a very significant part in the UK's response to the Covid-19 pandemic which started in 2020 as one of two deputies. In May 2023 he joined Covid-19 vaccine maker Moderna as a consultant.
Nappi, Guyana
Nappi is an indigenous village of Macushi Amerindians in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana. It is located in the Rupununi savannah along the Nappi and Maipaima creeks on the edge of the Kanuku Mountains.

Kanuku Mountains
The Kanuku Mountains are a group of mountains in Guyana, located in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo region. The name means 'forest' in the Wapishana language, a reference to the rich diversity of wildlife found there.  The Eastern Kanuku Mountains and the Western Kanuku Mountains are separated by the Rupununi River. In 2011, the mountains were designated National Protected Area.
Final Accord (1938 film)
Final Accord (French: Accord final) is a 1938 French-Swiss musical comedy film directed by Douglas Sirk (uncredited) and Ignacy Rosenkranz and starring Käthe von Nagy, Jules Berry and George Rigaud. It was shot at the Epinay Studios in Paris and on location around Montreux in Switzerland. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Krauss.

Epinay Studios
The Epinay Studios are film production studios located in Epinay in northern Paris. It was a complex with two distinct and separate structures on forty acres of land.

The launch of the Cité du Cinéma in 2012, also in Seine-Saint-Denis, greatly slowed down interest in the Épinay studios.
Margarita Nazarova (artist)
Margarita Petrovna Nazarova (Russian: Маргарита Петровна Назарова; November 26, 1926 in Detskoye Selo – October 26, 2005 in Nizhny Novgorod) was a Russian circus performer, tiger trainer and actress best known for her leading role in the 1961 comedy Striped Trip. She was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Animal training
Animal training is the act of teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection,  and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than a wild animal in a circus.

In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist. They do not share consistent goals or requirements; they do not prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor using the title. Similarly, the United States does not require animal trainers to have any specific certification. An animal trainer should consider the natural behaviors of the animal and aim to modify behaviors through a basic system of reward and punishment.
Bucculatrix needhami
Bucculatrix needhami is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was first described in 1956 by Annette Frances Braun. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Kentucky, Illinois, Maine, New York, Ohio, South Carolina and Texas.

The wingspan is 13–15 mm.

The larvae feed on Helianthus species. 
They create a gall, which has the form of thickening the walls of the stem.

Annette Braun
Annette Frances Braun (August 24, 1884 – November 27, 1978) was an American entomologist and leading authority on microlepidoptera, a grouping of mostly small and nocturnal moths. Her special interest was leaf miners: moths whose larvae live and feed from within a leaf.
Comibaena cassidara
Comibaena cassidara is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Borneo.

It is typically a green colored moth with narrowly rufous-brown tornus of forewing and apex of hindwing. Black discal spots are very small. Forewing has a faint, pale antemedial line. Caterpillar is grey to brown in mottled appearance. Body has small conical spines. Long setiferous fleshy projections arise from thorax and abdomen. Pupation occurs in a loose, silken cocoon incorporating frass. The caterpillar is known to feed on Glycosmis pentaphylla, Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Cuscuta, Flemingia macrophylla, Ziziphus, Ixora, Lagerstroemia indica, Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana and Acacia nilotica.

Ixora
Ixora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is the only genus in the tribe Ixoreae. It consists of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs and holds around 544 species. Though native to the tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world, its centre of diversity is in Tropical Asia. Ixora also grows commonly in subtropical climates in the United States, such as Florida where it is commonly known as West Indian jasmine.
San Giobbe
The Church of St Job (Italian: Chiesa di San Giobbe) is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church located overlooking the campo of the same name, known as Sant'Agiopo in Venetian dialect, on the south bank of the Cannaregio canal near Ponte dei Tre Archi in the sestiere of Cannaregio of Venice, northern Italy,

Cannaregio
Cannaregio (Italian pronunciation: [kannaˈredʒo]) is the northernmost of the six historic sestieri of Venice. It is the second largest sestiere by land area and the largest by population, with 13,169 people as of 2007.

Isola di San Michele, the historic cemetery island, is associated with the district.
Christian Oyer Jr. House
Christian Oyer Jr. House, also known as Harmon House, is a historic home located at Barree Township in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story, five-bay, rectangular Federal style stone dwelling.  It measures 32 feet by 42 feet.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Huntingdon County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,092. Its county seat is Huntingdon. The county was created on September 20, 1787, mainly from the northern part of Bedford County, plus an addition of territory on the east (Big Valley, Tuscarora Valley) from Cumberland County. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Huntingdon County comprises the Huntingdon, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Farid Melgani
Farid Melgani is an engineer at the University of Trento, Italy. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to image analysis in remote sensing.

University of Trento
The University of Trento (Italian: Università degli Studi di Trento) is an Italian university located in Trento and nearby Rovereto. It has been able to achieve considerable results in didactics, research, computer science and international relations according to CENSIS (Centro Studi Investimenti Sociali) and the Italian Ministry of Education.
SETD3 (gene)
SET domain containing 3 (SETD3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SETD3 gene. It is a methyl transferase implicated in the replication of all enteroviruses. A mouse line deficient in SETD3 expression was shown to be immune to enterovirus infection. This could pave the way for the prevention of diseases like the common cold, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis and polio.  SETD3 is capable of methylating the cytoskeletal protein actin on histidine residues.

In patients of the Estrogen Receptor-positive, and  Luminal A-type breast cancer classification, a high expression of SETD3 is associated with better relapse-free survival, whereas in patients lacking expression of estrogen-, progesterone- and HER2/neu-receptor, and those affected by a p53-mutation, SETD3 was associated with poor relapse-free survival.

Downregulation of SETD3 expression with small interfering RNA resulted in an inhibition of cytoskeletal function and invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Aseptic meningitis
Aseptic meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, a membrane covering the brain and spinal cord, in patients whose cerebral spinal fluid test result is negative with routine bacterial cultures.  Aseptic meningitis is caused by viruses, mycobacteria, spirochetes, fungi, medications, and cancer malignancies. The testing for both meningitis and aseptic meningitis is mostly the same. A cerebrospinal fluid sample is taken by lumbar puncture and is tested for leukocyte levels to determine if there is an infection and goes on to further testing to see what the actual cause is. The symptoms are the same for both meningitis and aseptic meningitis but the severity of the symptoms and the treatment can depend on the certain cause.

The most common cause of aseptic meningitis is by viral infection. Other causes may include side-effects from drugs and connective tissue disorders.
Hawgsmoke
Hawgsmoke is a biennial United States Air Force (USAF) bombing, missile, and tactical gunnery competition for A-10 Thunderbolt II units. It is hosted by the winners of the previous competition and provides both skills competition and an opportunity to share in the camaraderie and fellowship within the A-10 community.

357th Fighter Squadron
The 357th Fighter Squadron is part of the 355th Fighter Wing at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona.  It operates Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft training pilots for close air support missions.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as a Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter squadron.  After training in the United States the unit deployed to the European Theater of Operations.  The unit entered combat operations in the summer of 1943, continuing in combat until April 1945.  It earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for carrying out a difficult attack in April 1944.  The squadron moved to Germany, where it was briefly part of the occupation forces before returning to the United States where it was inactivated in November 1945.
Pietermaritzburg Commando
Pietermaritzburg Commando, later Natalia Regiment, was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

Light infantry
Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry. Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts, raiders, and skirmishers. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation.

Following World War II, the term "light infantry" has evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasize speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role retain their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.
Arlene Stadd
Arlene Stadd was an American television writer and playwright.

Stadd married writer Leonard Stadd in 1950. After graduating from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1951, Stadd and her husband co-wrote numerous scripts for television series such as Room 222, Hawaii Five-0, Love, American Style.  Stadd also wrote episodes of Hotel and was a staff writer on The Doctors and General Hospital. Stadd and Stadd divorced in 1976.

Stadd is also known for her historical Eleanor Roosevelt themed play Eleanor.

Stadd died on February 5, 2001, at age 70 of a stroke at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Room 222
Room 222 is an American comedy-drama television series created by James L. Brooks and produced by 20th Century Fox Television that originally aired on ABC from September 17, 1969, to January 11, 1974, for 112 episodes (plus one that never aired). The show's ensemble cast, starring Lloyd Haynes, Denise Nicholas, Michael Constantine, and Karen Valentine, it centered around the American history class in Room 222 at a fictional racially-integrated high school in Los Angeles. It was one of the first half-hour American TV shows that dealt with serious contemporary social issues.

In 1970, Room 222 earned the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding New Series, while Constantine and Valentine won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, respectively.
Arthrobatis
Arthrobatis is an extinct genus of possible rays that lived during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic in the United Kingdom. It contains one species, A. rileyi, and is the only member of the family Arthrobatidae. It might be the oldest known batoid, but its exact age and affinities are uncertain.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
KKSE (AM)
KKSE (950 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Parker, Colorado, and serving the Denver metropolitan area.  The station is owned by Stan Kroenke's KSE Radio Ventures.

KKSE airs a sports radio format branded as "Altitude Sports 950".  KKSE has studios on South Colorado Boulevard in Glendale, with the AM transmitter located off Riverdale Road in Denver.  KSE Radio Ventures also owns sister stations KIMN and KXKL-FM.

KKSE-AM-FM are the flagship stations for Denver Nuggets basketball, Colorado Avalanche hockey, Colorado Rapids soccer and Colorado Mammoth lacrosse.  All four teams are co-owned with KKSE-AM-FM. KKSE-FM carries local sports hosts most of the day and carry syndicated programming from Fox Sports Radio nights and weekends. KKSE-AM carries syndicated programming from Fox Sports Radio full-time.

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.
Varzo railway station
Varzo railway station (Italian: Stazione di Varzo) is a railway station in the comune of Varzo, in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Simplon line of Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Constructor Institute
Constructor Institute of Technology, formerly known as Constructor Institute and Schaffhausen Institute of Technology (SIT), was a private non-profit institute in Switzerland founded in 2019 by tech entrepreneur and investor Serg Bell. 
The Institute was a part of Constructor Group, comprising education services, technology, and a venture capital fund. The Group was inspired by Constructor Theory, a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics in the language of ergodic theory.

In 2025 the institute announced that it would be ceasing operations in 2026 and devoting its efforts instead to Constructor University in Bremen, Germany.

Konstantin Novoselov
Sir Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov (Russian: Константи́н Серге́евич Новосёлов, IPA: [kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ nəvɐˈsʲɵləf]; born 23 August 1974) is a Russian–British physicist. His work on graphene with Andre Geim earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Novoselov is a professor at the Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore and is also the Langworthy Professor of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, and serves as President of Constructor University in Bremen, Germany.
Failee Ghazli
Muhammad Failee bin Mohamad Ghazli (born 5 September 1987) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a forward for MOF F.C. in the Malaysia FAM League.

He started his footballing career with Penang FA, before joining another Penang team USM FC in early 2011. He joined Perak on loan from USM FC in August 2011 for Perak's Malaysia Cup campaign, wearing number 31. After scoring 4 goal in 6 matches at the competition's group stage, and 1 goal in 2 knock-out matches, Failee have been rewarded with a permanent move to Perak for the 2012 Malaysia Super League season. He also had his squad number changed to 12. After spending one season with Sime Darby for 2014 season, Failee returns to Penang FA for the 2015 season to help Penang FA for their fight to win promotion for the Malaysia Super League. Failee moves to FAM League team MOF F.C. for the 2018 season.

His younger brother Faizat Ghazli is also a footballer.

USM F.C.
Kelab Bolasepak Universiti Sains Malaysia, simply known as USM FC, is a Malaysian football club competing in the Malaysia A2 Amateur League. It was under the jurisdiction of the Universiti Sains Malaysia, a public university based in Georgetown, Penang.
Dee Strange-Gordon
Devaris "Dee" Strange-Gordon (born April 22, 1988), formerly known as Dee Gordon, is an American former professional baseball second baseman, shortstop, and center fielder. He played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Miami Marlins, Seattle Mariners, and Washington Nationals.

Strange-Gordon debuted in MLB with the Dodgers in 2011. He was primarily a shortstop and second baseman, and with the Marlins, he was primarily a second baseman. He began his tenure with the Mariners by playing center field in 2018, and started playing left field in 2020. In 2015, in his first season with the Marlins, Strange-Gordon hit .333 with 205 hits and stole 58 bases. He led the NL in all three categories and became the first player to lead the National League in both batting average and stolen bases since Jackie Robinson in 1949. Through the 2010s, Strange-Gordon stole 330 bases, the most of any MLB player of the decade.

Batted ball
In the sports of baseball and softball, a batted ball is a pitch that has been contacted by the batter's bat. Batted balls are either fair or foul, and can be characterized as a fly ball, pop-up, line drive, or ground ball.  In baseball, a foul ball counts as a strike against the batter, unless there are already two strikes on the batter, with special rules applying to foul tips and foul bunts. Fly balls are those hit in an arcing manner, with pop-ups being a subset of fly balls that do not travel far.  Line drives are batted balls hit on a straight line trajectory, while ground balls are hit at a low trajectory, contact the ground shortly after being hit, and then either roll or bounce.  Batted balls, especially line drives, can present a hazard to players, umpires, and spectators, as people have been seriously injured or killed after being struck by batted balls.
Best Recipes Ever
Best Recipes Ever is a Canadian cooking show, which debuted January 4, 2010 on CBC Television.  Produced by the CBC in conjunction with Canadian Living magazine, the show was hosted by Kary Osmond until January 2013, when Christine Tizzard took over as host.

In each half-hour episode the host demonstrates how to make three dishes, all of which fit a specific theme such as 'Best Comfort Food' or 'Best Middle Eastern Take Out'. Reruns of the show air in the United States on the Live Well Network in selected markets as a digital subchannel.

On March 18, 2014, CBC announced that Best Recipes Ever was cancelled.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
September 1978 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Saturday, September 16, 1978, with an umbral magnitude of 1.3268. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 2.4 days after perigee (on September 14, 1978, at 10:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.