hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volkswagen Act
The Volkswagen Act is a set of German (originally West German) federal laws enacted in 1960, regulating the privatization of Volkswagenwerk GmbH into the Volkswagen Group. In order to maintain government control in the privately owned company, it stipulated that the votes in major shareholder meeting resolutions require 4/5th (80%) agreement. This part of the law was deemed to violate the "free movement of capital" principle of European Union corporate law. After a series of challenges from 2007 to 2013, the German parliament finally amended the part in 2013 to EU Court of Justice satisfaction.

European company law
European company law is the part of European Union law which concerns the formation, operation and insolvency of companies (or corporations) in the European Union. The EU creates minimum standards for companies throughout the EU, and has its own corporate forms. All member states continue to operate separate companies acts, which are amended from time to time to comply with EU Directives and Regulations. There is, however, also the option of businesses to incorporate as a Societas Europaea (SE), which allows a company to operate across all member states.
Thrift Wood
Thrift Wood is a 19.4-hectare (48-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Bicknacre in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

The site is an ancient semi-natural wood on acid soil. It is of two types, both unusual habitats, pedunculate oak/hornbeam and sessile oak/hornbeam. Wild service trees and elders are found in the shrub layer, and a pond has a raised sphagnum bog. Twenty species of butterfly have been recorded.

There is access from Main Road.

Torminalis
Torminalis is a genus of plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. The genus was formerly included within the genus Sorbus as the section Torminaria, but the simple-leafed species traditionally classified in Sorbus are now considered to form a separate monophyletic group. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Torminalis glaberrima, commonly known as wild service tree, chequers, and checker tree. This tree is native to Europe, parts of northern Africa and western Asia.
Illicit (2017 film)
Illicit is a 2017 American thriller film written and directed by Corey Grant. The film stars David Ramsey and Shireen Crutchfield as a married couple while they are having marital issues. Michele Weaver, McKinley Freeman, Essence Atkins, Lanett Tachel, Dionne Gipson, Michael Monks, Dean Cain and Vivica A. Fox also star.

The film premiered at the American Black Film Festival and later screened at the Pan African Film Festival and Toronto Black Film Festival. It was released in selected theatres and video on demand on June 6, 2017, by  Breaking Glass Pictures.

McKinley Freeman
McKinley Freeman (born June 9, 1976) is an American actor and producer. He has appeared in films and on television series, including the starring role of Derek Roman in the drama series Hit the Floor, portraying the role of Dominic in the OWN's drama TV series Queen Sugar, and playing the character Lewis in Hulu's Reasonable Doubt.
Succession to the Throne Act, 1937
The Succession to the Throne Act, 1937 (1 Geo. VI, c.16) is a 1937 act of the Canadian parliament that ratified the Canadian cabinet's consent to His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936, an act of the United Kingdom parliament that allowed the abdication of Edward VIII. This ratification was of symbolic value only, because, under the Statute of Westminster 1931, the UK act was already part of Canadian law by virtue of the Canadian cabinet's prior request and consent.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Killing of Sandra Birchmore
On February 4, 2021, 23-year-old woman Sandra Birchmore (May 13, 1997 – February 1, 2021) was found dead in her Canton, Massachusetts apartment. Her death was initially ruled as a suicide by asphyxia. Federal authorities later determined that her death was a homicide, with a local police officer alleged to have killed her.

Birchmore's murder has drawn parallels to the death of John O'Keefe, another high-profile investigation in Norfolk County. Both cases involve allegations of law enforcement misconduct and have raised questions about the integrity of local authorities.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfək/ NOR-fək) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was around 725,981. Its county seat is Dedham. The county was named after the English county of the same name. Two towns, Cohasset and Brookline, are exclaves. Norfolk County is included in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area. Norfolk County is the 24th highest-income county in the United States with a median household income of $107,361. It is the wealthiest county in Massachusetts.
Lee Young-sik
Lee Young-Sik (born 1 March 1973) is a South Korean sport shooter who specializes in the trap.

At the 2008 Olympic Games he finished in joint thirteenth place in the trap qualification, missing a place among the top six, who progressed to the final round.

Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap event at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 9 and 10 at the Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field. There were 35 competitors from 25 nations, with each nation having up to two shooters. The Czech Republic won its second shooting gold in two days through David Kostelecký, shooting a perfect 25 in the final round and establishing an Olympic record of 146 hits total after a 2005 rule change. It was the Czech Republic's first medal in the men's trap (though two men from what is now the Czech Republic won medals competing for Czechoslovakia). Giovanni Pellielo of Italy repeated as the silver medalist; in addition to his 2000 bronze, this made Pellielo the first (and, as of the 2016 Games, still the only) man to earn at least three medals in the event; he would go on to win a fourth (another silver) in 2016. Defending Olympic champion Aleksei Alipov of Russia took bronze this year, making him the fifth man to earn two medals in the trap.
José María Guerrero (footballer)
José María Guerrero (born 7 April 1967) is an Ecuadorian former footballer. He played in eleven matches for the Ecuador national football team from 1987 to 1995. He was also part of Ecuador's squad for the 1991 Copa América tournament.

1991 Copa América
The 1991 Copa América football tournament was hosted by Chile, from 6 to 21 July. It was organized by CONMEBOL and all ten member nations participated.

Until the 2021 edition, this was the last time that the tournament consisted of only CONMEBOL member nations. In later tournaments, at least two nations from outside CONMEBOL have been invited to bring the total number of participants to twelve.

Argentina won the Copa América for the record-tying 13th time, their first since 1959. With this title, Argentina qualified to participate in the 1992 King Fahd Cup and in the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy.
Drupadia theda
Drupadia theda, the dark posy, is a species of butterfly belonging to the lycaenid family described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1862. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

The larvae feed on Barringtonia, Saraca, Bauhinia, Millettia, Garcinia, Lansium, Ixora (including Ixora humilis), Arytera, Pometia and Lepisanthes species. They are attended by ants of the genus Crematogaster, including Crematogaster diffiformis.

Lansium
Lansium is a genus of plants in the family Meliaceae, containing at least three species.  The species Lansium domesticum is a tropical fruit-bearing tree that is cultivated in tropical Southeast Asia, and on a much smaller scale elsewhere in the tropics. Other previously named species are now placed in the genera Aglaia, Epicharis and Reinwardtiodendron.
Alex Tyus
Alexander Trent Tyus (Hebrew: אלכס טיוס; born January 8, 1988) is an American-born naturalized Israeli professional basketball player for Bordo Sportif Balikesir of the Turkish Basketball First League (TBL). He was the 2018 Finals MVP. Having been naturalized as an Israeli citizen, he also represented the senior Israeli national basketball team. Standing at 2.03 meters (6' 8") tall, he is an athletic frontcourt player and good rebounder.

Türkiye Basketbol Ligi
The Turkish Basketball First League (Turkish: Türkiye Basketbol Ligi; TBL), is the second-tier level league of professional club basketball in Turkey. The league was previously known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L).
Apni Nagariya
Apni Nagariya is a 1940 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Gunjal and written by Saadat Hasan Manto. It stars Shobhana Samarth, K. N. Singh, Nazir, and Jayant.

The film was produced under the Hindustan Cinetone banner and had music composed by Rafiq Ghaznavi.

Jayant (actor)
Zakaria Khan (15 October 1915 – 2 June 1975), better known by his stage name Jayant, was an Indian actor. He was the father of actors Amjad Khan and Imtiaz Khan. His notable works are in films like Amar, Memdidi and Nazneen. He worked in many movies with Dilip Kumar, Madhubala and Kishore Kumar.
Sue Keller
Sue Keller (born July 7, 1952 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American ragtime pianist and singer, who has released several albums. As a child, she had flute and singing lessons, and also played guitar. She attended DePauw University. She played professionally in various styles before settling on ragtime and old forms of jazz. She founded the publishing firm Ragtime Press and the record label HVR in 1992.

Keller was a contestant on the quiz show Jeopardy! in 1997, winning three games and $28,400. She was the festival music director for the Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation from 2003 through 2009 and was awarded the foundation's 2010 Friend of Ragtime Award.

DePauw University
DePauw University (/dəˈpɔː/ də-PAW) is a private liberal arts college in Greencastle, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1837 as Indiana Asbury College and changed its name to DePauw University in 1884. The college has a Methodist heritage and was founded to be an ecumenical institution of national stature, "conducted on the most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations and designed for the benefit of our citizens in general".

In 2023, DePauw had an enrollment of about 1,800 students. Its residential campus is located 45 miles (72 km) west of Indianapolis and is spread across 175 acres (71 ha) and 36 buildings, with an additional 520-acre (210 ha) DePauw Nature Park.
Shirey
Shirey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Shirey (born 1932), American racing driver

Duke Shirey (1898–1962), American baseball player

Fred Shirey (1916-1961), American football player

Hilbert Shirey, American poker player

John Shirey (1898–1966), American college football player and engineer

Mark Shirey, member of the Alabama House of Representatives

Sxip Shirey, American electric-acoustic composer, performer, and story-teller

Hilbert Shirey
Hilbert Shirey is an American professional poker player.

Shirey has won three bracelets at the World Series of Poker. He won his first WSOP bracelet in 1987 in a No Limit Hold'em event. His other two bracelets both came in 1995, one in Pot Limit Hold'em and the other Pot Limit Omaha.

In Rick Reilly's book Who's Your Caddy, Shirey is noted as "Hillstreet" in the Dewey Tomko chapter.

He is longtime golf partners with Tomko, and currently resides in Winter Haven, Florida.

As of 2010, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,480,000. His 25 cashes at the WSOP account for $794,142 of those winnings.
Tony Satini
Tony Satini (born 29 August 1993) is a professional rugby league footballer who played as a centre for the North Sydney Bears in the NSW Cup in 2021. He previously played for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and the Mount Pritchard Mounties. He played for the Tonga national rugby league team in 2014.

Mount Pritchard Mounties
The Mounties Rugby League Football Club (sponsored by Mounties Group) is an Australian rugby league football club based in Mount Pritchard, New South Wales formed in 1927. They currently play in the Ron Massey Cup and Sydney Shield.
Jesu Pudumai Doss
Jesu Pudumai Doss, M.J. is a Catholic priest and a religious, specifically a Salesian of Don Bosco (SDB: a member of Society of St. Francis of Sales), from Chennai, India.

He is a Professor and Dean, Faculty of Canon Law, Salesian Pontifical University, Rome.

Salesian Pontifical University
The Salesian Pontifical University (Italian: Università Pontificia Salesiana; Latin: Pontificia Studiorum Universitas Salesiana) is a pontifical university in Italy run by the Salesians of Don Bosco. It has three campuses, one in Rome, one in Turin, and one in Jerusalem. The Salesian Pontifical University is an ordinary member of the International Federation of Catholic Universities, the European Federation of Catholic Universities, the European University Association and the International Association of Universities.
Aun (surname)
Aun is an Estonian surname derived from aun, a type of traditional elongated stack made of hay, cereals, straw, or peat, for the collection and drying of crops.

As of 1 January 2021, 214 men and 228 women have the surname Aun in Estonia. Aun ranks 262nd for men and 277th for women in the distribution of surnames in Estonia. The surname Aun is the most common in Hiiu County, where 12.61 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname. Notable people bearing the surname Aun include:

Anu Aun (born 1980), film director, producer, and screenwriter

Arvo Aun (born 1950), artist and mathematician

Elise Aun (1863–1932), poet

Rein Aun (1940–1995), track and field athlete

Elise Aun
Elise Aun (15 June 1863 – 2 June 1932) was an Estonian poet and writer; one of the most notable women writers in 19th-century Estonia.

Elise Rosalie Aun was born in Pikareinu, Valgjärve Parish (now, Kanepi Parish), Põlva County in 1863. In 1882, she graduated from Räpina Parish Girls' School. After graduating, she was unable to find steady work and did different small jobs in 1880s and 1890s. In 1902, she became an outlet manager for the Christian Popular Literature Agency in Tallinn. In 1903, she married the schoolteacher Friedrich Raup.
1933 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 1 November 1933. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

Thirteen of the thirty eight seats up for election were uncontested.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
Andrew Bones
Andrew Stephen Bones (born 18 February 1978) is a former English cricketer.  Bones is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break and who occasionally fields as a wicket-keeper.  He was born at Crewe, Cheshire.

While studying for a degree at the University of Oxford, Bones made his first-class debut for Oxford Universities against Somerset in 2000.  He made three further first-class appearances for the team that season, while the following season he made a single first-class appearance for the newly formed Oxford UCCE against Middlesex. Bones struggled in his five first-class matches, scoring just 27 runs at an average of 3.37, with a high score of 7.

In 2002, Bones made a single appearance for Cheshire in the Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
1985 West of England Championships – Doubles
Larry Stefanki and Robert Van't Hof were the defending champions, but Van't Hof did not participate this year.  Stefanki partnered Mike Bauer, losing in the quarterfinals.

Eddie Edwards and Danie Visser won the title, defeating John Alexander and Russell Simpson 6–4, 7–6 in the final.

Eddie Edwards (tennis)
Eddie Edwards (born 3 July 1956) is a retired professional tour tennis player.

The right-handed Edwards was a tour regular from the mid-1970s to the end of 1987. He played in singles a total of 112 grand prix (including World Championship Tennis events) and 24 grand slam tournaments. His best results were on grass, reaching the fourth round of Wimbledon in 1986 and winning the Adelaide grand prix event in 1985. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 42 in July 1986.
John D. Johnson (general)
John D. Johnson is a retired American lieutenant general of the United States Army. He was director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Agency from July 2013 to July 2015.

Previously, Johnson was the commanding general of the Eighth United States Army and the Chief of Staff for United Nations Command, Combined Forces Command, and United States Forces Korea. He has served in numerous command, staff, and teaching assignments throughout the world, including in Germany, Iraq, and South Korea.

Eighth Army (United States)
The Eighth Army is a U.S. field army which commands all United States Army forces in South Korea. It is headquartered at the Camp Humphreys in the Anjeong-ri of Pyeongtaek, South Korea. Eighth Army relocated its headquarters from Yongsan to Camp Humphreys in the summer of 2017. It is the only field army in the U.S. Army. It is responsible to United States Forces Korea and United States Army, Pacific.
Black Beauty (1994 film)
Black Beauty is a 1994 family drama film, written and directed by Caroline Thompson in her directorial debut. The fifth cinematic adaptation of Anna Sewell's 1877 novel of the same name, the film stars Andrew Knott, who, the year prior, had played Dicken in The Secret Garden (another of Caroline Thompson's film credits, as screenwriter), as well as Sean Bean,  David Thewlis and Alan Cumming as Black Beauty. Produced and distributed by Warner Bros., under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label, the film's story is told as an autobiography of the horse Black Beauty (as in the novel), with Cumming's voiceover narration as Beauty leading viewers through the trials of the horse's life through his own eyes.

Anna Sewell
Anna Sewell (/ˈsjuːəl/; 30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878) was an English novelist who is known for her only book, Black Beauty, a novel about a horse. She was born into a Quaker family in Norfolk and moved to London as a baby. Her mother, Mary Wright Sewell, was the author of popular children's books. Sewell never married and always lived with her parents, in Sussex, Gloucestershire and Norfolk. A chronic illness left her leading a life of invalidism, with trips to spa resorts in England and continental Europe. She joined her mother in carrying out charitable work and also edited her mother's books. Black Beauty was written between 1871 and 1877 and published a few months before Sewell's death.
Henri Schneider
Henri Adolphe Eugène Schneider (18 December 1840 – 17 May 1898) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889 to 1898.

Henri Schneider was born in Le Creusot, rural France. His father, Eugène Schneider, had co-founded Schneider-Creusot with his uncle, Adolphe Schneider, in 1836. Henri took over control of Le Creusot on his father's death in 1875.

In 1889 he was awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal of the British Iron and Steel Institute for his services to the iron and steel trade of France.

He died in 1898 in Paris, France. His statue in the centre of Le Creusot, designed by Emile Peynot, was dedicated in 1923.

Control of the Le Creusot foundry passed to his son Eugène Schneider, who he had taken into partnership in 1887.

Schneider-Creusot
Schneider et Compagnie, also known as Schneider-Creusot for its birthplace in the French town of Le Creusot, was a historic iron and steel-mill company which became a major arms manufacturer. In the 1960s, it was taken over by the Belgian Empain group and merged with it in 1969 to form Empain-Schneider, which in 1980 was renamed Schneider SA and in 1999, after much restructuring, Schneider Electric.
Charlie Peek
Charles Edward Peek (13 April 1904 – 21 December 1988) was a New Zealand teacher, child welfare administrator and billiards player. He was born in Picton, New Zealand, in 1904.

In 1953, Peek was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

Picton, New Zealand
Picton (Māori: Waitohi) is a town in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. The town is located near the head of the Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui, 25 km (16 mi) north of Blenheim and 65 km (40 mi) west of Wellington. Waikawa lies just north-east of Picton and is considered to be a contiguous part of the Picton urban area.

Picton is a major hub in New Zealand's transport network, connecting the South Island road and rail network with ferries across Cook Strait to Wellington and the North Island. The Picton urban area has a population of 4,850  (June 2025), making it the second-largest town in the Marlborough Region behind Blenheim. It is the easternmost town in the South Island with a population of at least 1,000 people.