hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autonoetic consciousness
Autonoetic consciousness is the human ability to mentally place oneself in the past and future (i.e. mental time travel) or in counterfactual situations (i.e. alternative outcomes), and to thus be able to examine one's own thoughts.

One's sense of self affects their behavior, in the present, past and future.  It relates to how one reflects on their own past behavior, how they feel about it, and this in turn determines if they do it again.: 308–309

It is episodic memory that deals with self-awareness, memories of the self and inward thoughts that may be projected onto future actions of an individual. It was "proposed by Endel Tulving for self-awareness, allowing the rememberer to reflect on the contents of episodic memory". Moreover, autonoetic consciousness involves behaviors such as mental time travel, self-projection, and episodic future thinking, all of which have often been proposed as exclusively human capacities.

Mental time travel
In psychology, mental time travel is the capacity to mentally reconstruct personal events from the past (episodic memory) as well as to imagine possible scenarios in the future (episodic foresight/episodic future thinking). The term was coined by Thomas Suddendorf and Michael Corballis, building on 
Endel Tulving's work on episodic memory. (Tulving proposed the alternative term chronesthesia.)

Mental time travel has been studied by psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, philosophers and in a variety of other academic disciplines. Major areas of interest include the nature of the relationship between memory and foresight, the evolution of the ability (including whether it is uniquely human or shared with other animals), its development in young children, its underlying brain mechanisms, as well as its potential links to consciousness, the self, and free will.
Penglipuran
Penglipuran (Balinese script: ᬧᭂᬗ᭄ᬮᬶᬧᬸᬭᬦ᭄; pronounced [pəŋliˈpuran]) is one of the traditional villages or kampung located in Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The village is famous as a tourist destination in Bali because the villagers still preserve their traditional culture in their daily lives. The architecture of buildings and land processing still follow the concept of Tri Hita Karana, the philosophy of Balinese society regarding the balance of relations between God, humans and their environment. Penglipuran succeeded in building tourism that benefited all of its community without losing its culture and traditions. In 1995, Penglipuran also received a Kalpataru award from the Indonesian government for its efforts to protect the bamboo forest in their local ecosystem.

Concrete block
A concrete block, also known as a cinder block in North American English, breeze block in British English, or concrete masonry unit (CMU), or by various other terms, is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.

Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight, improve insulation and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.

Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.
Amit Mishra
Amit Mishra (pronunciationⓘ; born 24 November 1982) is a former Indian cricketer. He is a right-arm leg-break bowler and right-handed tail-ender batsman. He plays for Haryana in the domestic Ranji Trophy and for the T20 franchise Lucknow Super Giants in the Indian Premier League. He has represented India in Test, ODIs and T20s. Mishra was a member of the Indian team that won the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy.

2013 ICC Champions Trophy
The 2013 ICC Champions Trophy was the seventh ICC Champions Trophy, a One Day International cricket tournament held in England and Wales between 6 and 23 June 2013. India won the tournament for the second time by defeating England in the final by 5 runs.

India received $2 million as prize money for winning the tournament, the largest amount since the tournament's inception. It was due to be the final ICC Champions Trophy, to be replaced by the ICC World Test Championship in 2017, but in January 2014, it was instead confirmed by the ICC that a Champions Trophy tournament would take place in 2017, with the proposed Test Championship being cancelled.
Nordic Prize
Nordic Prize could refer to:

Swedish Academy's Nordic Prize

Nordic Council's Literature Prize

Nordic Council Music Prize

Nordic Music Prize

Nordic Council Film Prize

Nordic Fernström Prize

Philips Nordic Prize

Fernström Prize
The Fernström Prize (Swedish: Fernströmpriset) is a series of annual awards for prominent Swedish and Nordic scientists in medicine. The prize money is donated by the Eric K. Fernström' Foundation. The prizes are managed by the medical faculty at Lund University.

There are two versions of the prize, both awarded annually – the main prize and a separate prize for particularly promising young researchers.
Phage P22 tailspike protein
The tailspike protein (P22TSP) of Enterobacteria phage P22 mediates the recognition and adhesion between the bacteriophage and the surface of Salmonella enterica cells. It is anchored within the viral coat and recognizes the O-antigen portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It possesses endoglycanase activity, serving to shorten the length of the O-antigen during infection.

Sequence alignment
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. Aligned sequences of nucleotide or amino acid residues are typically represented as rows within a matrix. Gaps are inserted between the residues so that identical or similar characters are aligned in successive columns.
Sequence alignments are also used for non-biological sequences such as calculating the distance cost between strings in a natural language, or to display financial data.
1914 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 24 May 1914.
The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 41 of the 88 seats up for election in the Chamber of Representatives.

The Catholics had formed the government continuously since 1884; the incumbent de Broqueville government was in office since 1911.

Under the alternating system, elections were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Liège and East Flanders. This was the last time this system was applied, as the next elections in 1919 saw the introduction of full four-year terms.

The elections occurred shortly before the outbreak of World War I. The newly elected legislature met for just one day in a special session: on 4 August 1914, when King Albert I addressed the United Chambers of Parliament upon the German invasion of Belgium. The parliament met again after the war in November 1918.

Belgian government at Sainte-Adresse
The De Broqueville government in Sainte-Adresse refers to two successive Belgian governments, led by Charles de Broqueville, which served as governments in exile during the German occupation of Belgium in World War I. They were based in Le Havre in northern France after October 1914. The first government, known as the First de Broqueville government, was a Catholic government which was elected in 1911 and continued until 1916, when it was joined by Socialists and Liberals expanding it into the Second de Broqueville government, which lasted until 1 June 1918. In November 1914, the vast majority of Belgian territory (2,598 out of 2,636 communes) was under German occupation. The only portion of Belgium that remained controlled by the Kingdom of Belgium in exile was the strip of territory behind the Yser Front.
Finnish Institute at Athens
The Finnish Institute at Athens (Greek: Φινλανδικό Iνστιτούτο Aθηνών, Finlandikó Institoúto Athinón, FIA) is a scientific institute of Finland, operating in Athens, Greece. The institute's main objective is to practice and promote research on Greek archaeology, history, language and culture from antiquity until the present day. It is one of the 19 foreign archaeological institutes operating in Greece.

The institute opened in 1984, which makes it the second oldest scientific institute of Finland operating abroad. The current director of the institute is Petra Pakkanen (2021–). The institute's operations are sustained and founded by the Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens.

Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.
Fuerte San Miguel (Uruguay)
Fuerte de San Miguel is a military fortification in the small town of Dieciocho de Julio in the Rocha Department of eastern Uruguay. It was erected in 1737 by the Portuguese, having abandoned the attempt at building a fort in Maldonado. It was constructed of large, heavy stones to create the tall towers (four bastions), thick walls and sturdy ramparts to withstand the onslaught of wars fought against the Spanish invaders which was instrumental in Uruguay evolving as an independent nation.

Rocha Department
Rocha (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈrotʃa]) is a department in the east of Uruguay. Its capital is the city of Rocha. It borders Maldonado Department to its west, Lavalleja Department to its northwest, Treinta y Tres Department to its north, while to its northeast Laguna Merín forms part of its border with Brazil and at the south end of the lake it also borders the southernmost end of Brazil, with the city of Chuy "shared" between both countries, the border passing through its main commercial avenue.

Rocha has natural beauties like Cabo Polonio, Valizas, Santa Teresa National Park. It is well known for its beach resorts, like Punta del Diablo or La Esmeralda, which swell with visitors during the summer holidays. Inland, the primary economy of Rocha is based on large cattle ranches.
Rampton (Bassetlaw electoral ward)
Rampton is an electoral ward in the district of Bassetlaw. The ward elects one councillor to Bassetlaw District Council using the first past the post electoral system for a four-year term in office. The number of registered voters in the ward is 1,689 as of 2019.

It consists of the villages of Cottam, Grove, Headon cum Upton, Rampton, Stokeham, South Leverton and Treswell.

The ward was created in 1979 following a review of ward boundaries in Bassetlaw by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England. A subsequent review of electoral arrangements in 2002 resulted in minor changes to the boundaries of the ward.

South Leverton
South Leverton is a village and civil parish in Bassetlaw, north Nottinghamshire, England, four miles from Retford. According to the 2001 census it has a population of 478, increasing marginally to 480 at the 2011 census, and more substantially to 514 at the 2021 census.
Stoppingas
The Stoppingas were a tribe or clan of Anglo-Saxon England. Their domain was Wootton Wawen and the valley of the River Alne in modern-day Warwickshire. The name of the tribe may have come from the personal name Stoppa, who could have been the tribe's founder or leader, or earliest common ancestor.

The Stoppingas formed part of the Saxon kingdom of the Hwicce, which was later conquered and absorbed by the kingdom of Mercia.

In the mid eighth century Æthelbald of Mercia gave a grant of land in the region of the Stoppingas to Æthelric, the son of King Oshere of the Hwicce, for the purpose of establishing a Minster in the territory. Such an institution was subsequently built at Wootton Wawen, and the later parochia of this minster probably represents the extent territory of the Stoppingas.

Æthelric of Hwicce
Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht.

He is known from charters.

In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53

In 706 (S 1174), he granted land with consent of Cenred, King of Mercia; then in 736 (S 89), as Æthilric subregulus, he witnessed a charter of Æthelbald, King of Mercia; and in an undated charter (S 94), he received a grant himself from the same king.

His kinsman thegn Osred received a grant in 743 from king Æthelbald in charter S 99.
Caitlin Lowe
Caitlin Faith Lowe-Nagy (born February 6, 1985) is the head coach of the Arizona Wildcats softball team. Lowe is a former collegiate four-time first team All-American and medal winning Olympian. She played college softball for Arizona and led her team in back-to-back Women's College World Series championships in 2006 and 2007. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Lowe played with National Pro Fastpitch's USSSA Pride for six seasons, winning three titles and being named 2012 Player of the Year, before officially retiring in 2015.

She is one of select players in NCAA Division I history to have accumulated over 300 hits, 200 runs and 100 stolen bases while batting .400 in her career. Recently, she was only one of 3 named by both the fan vote and experts to the Greatest College Softball Team All-Time, in the outfield.

2007 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2007 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 17 through June 4, 2007. 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams met after having played their way through a regular season, and for some, a conference tournament, to play in the NCAA Tournament.  The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Fort Wetherill
Fort Wetherill is a former coast artillery fort that occupies the southern portion of the eastern tip of Conanicut Island in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It sits atop high granite cliffs, overlooking the entrance to Narragansett Bay. Fort Dumpling from the American Revolutionary War occupied the site until it was built over by Fort Wetherill.  Wetherill was deactivated and turned over to the State of Rhode Island after World War II and is now operated as Fort Wetherill State Park, a 51-acre (210,000 m2) reservation managed by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management.

Conanicut Island
41°31′00″N 71°23′00″W﻿ / ﻿41.5167°N 71.3833°W﻿ / 41.5167; -71.3833

Conanicut Island (/kəˈnænəkʌt/ kə-NAN-ə-kut) is an island in Narragansett Bay in the American state of Rhode Island. The second-largest in the Bay, it is connected on the east to Newport on Aquidneck Island by the Claiborne Pell Bridge, commonly known as the Newport Bridge, and on the west to North Kingstown on the mainland via the Jamestown-Verrazano Bridge. The town of Jamestown comprises the entire island. The U.S. Census Bureau reported a land area of 24.46 km2 (9.44 sq mi) and a population of 5,622 in 2000.  A tombolo connects the southern part of Conanicut to an extension of the island to the southwest.
James Taylor (cricketer, born 1974)
James Lee Taylor (born 2 November 1974) is a former English cricketer who played for Wiltshire County Cricket Club. He was born at Southampton in Hampshire.

Taylor made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Wiltshire in 1996 against Oxfordshire. From 1996 to 2001, he represented the county in 35 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Wales Minor Counties, and in 15 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.

Taylor also played five times for Wiltshire in List-A cricket between 1999 and 2002, making his List A debut against Northamptonshire Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.

Taylor has played for Totton and Eling Cricket Club in the Southern Premier Cricket League. His brother Billy is a first-class umpire who played first-class cricket for Hampshire and Sussex as well as Minor Counties cricket for Wiltshire.

Northamptonshire Cricket Board
The Northamptonshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Northamptonshire.

From 1999 to 2002 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status. The Board's final List A match was in the first round of the 2003 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy which was held in August 2002.
Sarajevo Canton Assembly
The Sarajevo Canton Assembly (Bosnian: Skupština Kantona Sarajevo) is the legislative body of the Sarajevo Canton, one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, within Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assembly is unicameral, and its number of members, 35, is determined in relation to the national structure of the population of the Sarajevo Canton.

Sarajevo Canton
The Sarajevo Canton (Bosnian: Kanton Sarajevo; Croatian: Sarajevska županija; Serbian: Сарајевски кантон) is a federated state and one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city of Sarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The canton is bordered by Republika Srpska to the north and east, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde to the southeast, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southwest, and Central Bosnia Canton to the west.

The Canton represents the metro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population is Bosniak (83.8%).
Angel Station
Angel Station is the ninth album released by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, released in 1979. Several line-up changes were made for this album. Ex-Wings drummer Geoff Britton replaced founding drummer Chris Slade and Steve Waller replaced guitarist Dave Flett. Britton left the band soon after due to illness, and was replaced by John Lingwood. Also in the line-up were Pat King on bass guitar from the then current line-up and Chris Thompson.

Manfred Mann (musician)
Manfred Sepse Lubowitz (born 21 October 1940), known professionally as Manfred Mann, is a South African-born musician, residing in the UK since 1961. He is best known as a founding member of the eponymous bands Manfred Mann, Manfred Mann Chapter Three and Manfred Mann's Earth Band.
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony is a c.1490 oil on panel painting by Piero di Cosimo, now in the National Gallery of Art of Washington. It shows Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony either side of a Visitation scene.

Commissioned between 1489 and 1490 by the Capponi family for the Cappella di San Niccolò in the Basilica of Santo Spirito in Florence, the work was described in the Lives of the Artists as "A Visitation of Our Lady with Saint Nicholas and a Saint Anthony with a pair of glasses on his nose which is very good." In 1713 it was moved to the Villa Capponi in Legnaia, where it was seen and acquired by Frederick West around 1850. West took it to Chirk Castle in Wales, from which his descendants sold it in 1891. After a number of intermediate owners, it was acquired by the Duveen Brothers of New York, who in 1937 passed it to Samuel H. Kress, who gave it to the National Gallery of Art in 1939.

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Italian: Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori) is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-century Italian painter and architect Giorgio Vasari, which is considered "perhaps the most famous, and even today the most-read work of the older literature of art", "some of the Italian Renaissance's most influential writing on art", and "the first important book on art history".

Vasari published The Lives in two editions with substantial differences between them; the first edition, two volumes, in 1550 and the second, three volumes, in 1568 (which is the one usually translated and referred to). One important change was the increased attention paid to Venetian art in the second edition, even though Vasari still was, and has ever since been, criticised for an excessive emphasis on the art of his native Florence.
Inverness Ness-side (ward)
Inverness Ness-side is one of the 21 wards used to elect members of the Highland Council.  It includes Drummond, Hilton and Lochardil areas of Inverness, and a more rural area, east of the River Ness. It elects three Councillors.

Highland Council
The Highland Council (Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈkɛːəl̪ˠt̪əxk]) is the local authority for Highland, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The council is based at the Highland Council Headquarters in Inverness.
Erlotinib
Erlotinib, sold under the brand name Tarceva among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Specifically it is used for NSCLC with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) — either an exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation — which has spread to other parts of the body. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include rash, diarrhea, muscle pain, joint pain, and cough. Serious side effects may include lung problems, kidney problems, liver failure, gastrointestinal perforation, stroke, and corneal ulceration. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. It is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Erlotinib was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.