hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upgrade, Inc.
Upgrade, Inc. is an American neobank founded in 2016. It has raised $750 million in equity funding and helped customers access over $42 billion in consumer credit since inception in 2017. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California with an operations center in Phoenix, Arizona, a technology center in Montreal, Canada, and regional offices in Atlanta, Georgia and Irvine, California. Upgrade offers a wide range of banking and credit products, including mobile banking, BNPL, credit cards, personal loans, home improvement financing and auto financing. The company's other services include credit monitoring and education tools.

Neobank
A neobank is a type of direct bank that operates exclusively using online banking without traditional physical branches. In contrast to direct banks, in many cases, neobanks do not have their own banking licenses, and instead rely on partner banks. They typically have lower operational costs, which can sometimes result in lower fees and more competitive interest rates.
Patrick Ignozzi
Patrick Michael Ignozzi is an American television executive who is vice president of development and syndication for the ABC Daytime Media Group.  He also serves as vice president of current programming for the programs ”The Chew” and “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire”.

Ignozzi served for 16 years as senior producer for “The View” on the ABC Television Network.  Ignozzi also served as supervising producer for  “The View”.  In 2002, he won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Producing for that show.  Ignozzi also produced several segments for “The View” that earned him his 16th Daytime Emmy Award nomination for “Outstanding Talk Show.”

Before joining ABC, Ignozzi was a producer for King World Productions.  He was also a traveling booker and researcher for NBC Television’s “Today Show.” A graduate of Seton Hall University, Ignozzi holds a B.A. in criminal law with a minor in Spanish literature.

Spanish literature
Spanish literature is literature (Spanish poetry, prose, and drama) written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the Kingdom of Spain. Its development coincides and frequently intersects with that of other literary traditions from regions within the same territory, particularly Catalan literature, Galician intersects as well with Latin, Jewish, and Arabic literary traditions of the Iberian Peninsula. The literature of Spanish America is an important branch of Spanish literature, with its own particular characteristics dating back to the earliest years of Spain’s conquest of the Americas (see Latin American literature).
Constance of Hungary, Queen of Galicia
Constance of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Konstancia, Ukrainian: Констанція Угорська) (c. 1237–1302), was a Queen consort of Galicia and a Grand Princess of Kiev by marriage to Leo I of Galicia, Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1271–1301).

She was the daughter of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.

Grand Prince of Kiev
The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes also Grand Duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality, first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and was later taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Rus' chronicles such as the Primary Chronicle are inconsistent in applying the title "grand prince" to various princes of Kievan Rus'. Although most sources consistently attribute it to the prince of Kiev, there is no agreement which princes were also "grand prince", and scholars have thus come up with different lists of grand princes of Kiev.
Kari Suomi
Kari Juhani Suomi (born 29 March 1948 in Turku) is a Finnish linguist who was an assistant professor from 1985 to 2012 in the Department of Phonetics at the University of Oulu. He has researched English, Swedish and Finnish phonology.

His textbook Introduction to Speech Acoustics has been used for university teaching in Finnish phonetics, speech therapy and vocology since 1990.

His other two textbooks with Toivanen and Ylitalo are Fundamentals of Phonetics and Finnish Sound Theory, 2006, and Finnish Sound Structure: Phonetics, phonology, phonotactics and prosody, 2008.

Vocology
Vocology is the science and practice of vocal habilitation, or vocal training and therapy. Its concerns include the nature of speech and language pathology, the defects of the vocal tract (laryngology), the remediation of speech therapy, and the voice training (voice therapy) and voice pedagogy of song and speech for actors and public speakers.

In its broadest sense, vocology is the study of voice, but as a professional discipline it has a narrower focus: the science and practice of voice habilitation, which includes evaluation, diagnosis, and intervention.
Leptosporella
Leptosporella is a genus of fungi in the Sordariomycetes class (subclass Sordariomycetidae) of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order or family.

Sordariomycetidae
Sordariomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

Generally, species within the Sordariomycetidae subclass have light-dark coloured perithecia (flask shaped structures opening by a pore). The asci are non-amyloid, or lack apical rings. True paraphyses are normally present in most species.

Three new genera were created within the Sordariomycetidae subclass based on morphological and molecular data (SSU and LSU nrDNA) to hold five ascomycete fungi species collected from submerged woody debris in freshwater habitats from Costa Rica.

In 2015, after a study that found several genera of fungi taxa were phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from genera in Sordariomycetidae.
So the subclass Diaporthomycetidae was formed for those different that were already placed within Sordariomycetidae subclass.

Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order.
Shivaji VII
Shivaji VII (22 November 1941 – 28 September 1946) was a Maharaja of Kolhapur from the Bhonsle dynasty, reigning from 1941 to 1946. He was from the Satara branch of the Bhonsle dynasty, and had been appointed to the vacant Kolhapur throne from birth, as Rajaram III had only left a daughter.

Satara (city)
Satara (pronunciationⓘ) (ISO: Sātārā) is a city located in the Satara District of Maharashtra state of India, near the confluence of the river Krishna and its tributary, the Venna. The city was established in the 16th century and was the seat of the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, Shahu I.

It is the headquarters of Satara Tehsil, as well as the Satara District. The city gets its name from the seven forts (Sat-Tara) which are around the city. The city is known as a Soldier's city as well as Pensioner's city. The city had a population of 179,147 in 2011.
Maashaven metro station
Maashaven is an above-ground metro station in the south of the city of Rotterdam. It is part of Rotterdam Metro lines D and E.

The station opened on 9 February 1968, the same date that the North-South Line (also formerly called Erasmus line), of which it is a part, was opened. Maashaven station is located just east of a harbor with the same name. Maas is the name of the Dutch (and also German) part of the Meuse river, while haven is the Dutch word for harbor.

Located underneath the station is a Rotterdam tram stop, where travelers can get on RET-operated tram line 2.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Chugg Entertainment
Chugg Entertainment (formerly Michael Chugg Entertainment) is an Australia and New Zealand concert promoters and has toured major international acts to Australia including Dolly Parton, Coldplay, Radiohead, Elton John, Pearl Jam, Robbie Williams and Florence + The Machine.

The company was founded in 2000 by Michael Chugg following his departure of Frontier Touring Company.
In 2004, Matthew Lazarus-Hall joined Chugg Entertainment and became a partner in the business. In 2005, the company re-launched as Chugg Entertainment.

In 2012, Chugg Entertainment launches Chugg Music, the management and label arm of the business. In 2014, Chugg expanded the label into USA.

Chugg Music artists include:

Andrew Lambrou (via City Pop Records)

Avalanche City

Casey Barnes

JXN (via City Pop Records)

Lime Cordiale

Mason Watts (via City Pop Records)

Mia Rodriguez (via City Pop Records)

Midnight 'Til Morning

Sheppard

Teenage Dads

Casey Barnes
Casey Barnes is an Australian country rock singer-songwriter from Tasmania, Australia, who is best known as a contestant on the seventh season of Australian Idol in 2009. Barnes won the ARIA Award for Best Country Album in 2022.

Barnes has played alongside Bryan Adams, Diesel, Mariah Carey and Lady A.
Vaqueriza
Vaqueriza is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Felipe Vaqueriza (born 1975), Spanish footballer

José Antonio Santamaría Vaqueriza (1946–1993), Spanish footballer

Trimido Vaqueriza (born 1929), Spanish rower

José Antonio Santamaría
José Antonio Santamaría Vaqueriza (16 March 1946 – 19 January 1993) was a Spanish footballer. After retiring from football he had a career as an entrepreneur in the hospitality sector. He was murdered in a terrorist attack at the age of 46.
Abbott Elementary season 5
The fifth season of the American television comedy Abbott Elementary premiered on ABC on October 1, 2025. Like the previous seasons, the season stars Quinta Brunson, Tyler James Williams, Janelle James, Lisa Ann Walter, Chris Perfetti, William Stanford Davis and Sheryl Lee Ralph.

Abbott Elementary is presented in a mockumentary format similar to one of The Office and Modern Family, and follows a documentary crew recording the lives of teachers working in underfunded schools including the fictional Willard R. Abbott Elementary School, a predominantly Black Philadelphia public school.

Jaboukie Young-White
Jaboukie Young-White (born July 24, 1994) is an American comedian, actor, writer and musician.

Young-White first gained recognition at a young age as a comedian, through which he made his television debut as a guest performer on two episodes of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (2017–2018). After his film debut in the black comedy Rough Night (2017), he co-wrote the Netflix mockumentary television series American Vandal (2018). His subsequent films included his first leading role in Dating and New York (2021), alongside supporting parts in Someone Great (2019) and C'mon C'mon (2021), and voice roles in Strange World (2022) and Ruby Gillman, Teenage Kraken (2023).

On television, Young-White played recurring parts on Awkwafina Is Nora from Queens (2020–2021) and Only Murders in the Building (2021–2022).
The Electors' Action Movement
The Electors' Action Movement (TEAM) was a centrist political party from 1968 to the mid-1980s at the municipal level in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It fielded candidates for the office of mayor as well as for positions on the City Council, School Board, and Park Board. It was most successful in the 1970s when it held the majority of council seats from 1972 to 1976.

Retrospective accounts of TEAM have painted it as distinctly shifting civic governance in Vancouver when it gained power. Rod Mickleburgh of The Globe and Mail wrote in 2013 that TEAM's Art Phillips' four years as mayor "were pivotal in changing the face of Canada's third largest city, just when it seemed to be headed for pell-mell, American-style development that was ruining so many cities south of the border". May Brown, one of the original TEAM members who represented the party on council for ten years, told Pat Johnson of the Vancouver Courier in 1999 that "TEAM radically altered the face of city government".

Gastown
Gastown is the original settlement that became the core of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and a national historic site and a neighbourhood in the northwest section of the Downtown Eastside, adjacent to Downtown Vancouver.

Its historical boundaries – the waterfront (now Water Street and the CPR tracks), Carrall Street, Hastings Street, and Cambie Street – followed the borders of the 1870 townsite survey, the proper name and postal address of which was Granville, B.I. ("Burrard Inlet"). The official boundary does not include most of Hastings Street except for the Woodward's and Dominion Buildings, and stretches east past Columbia Street, to the laneway running parallel to the west side of Main Street.
Pan-African University of the Congo
The Pan-African University of the Congo (French: Université Panafricaine du Congo), colloquially referred to by its acronym UPAC, is a public higher education and research institution located in Mont Ngafula, Kinshasa. Established under Ministerial Decree No. 004/MINESU/CABMIN/MML/DESP/KOB/2010 on 7 January 2010, the university officially began operations on 12 November 2011. As the first institution in the country to implement the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (LMD) system, UPAC serves as a multidisciplinary center for training, research, and economic and social development projects. It also provides consultancy services and an analysis center to support national and international initiatives.

Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
Vicsek model
The Vicsek model is a mathematical model used to describe active matter. One motivation of the study of active matter by physicists is the rich phenomenology associated to this field. Collective motion and swarming are among the most studied phenomena. Within the huge number of models that have been developed to catch such behavior from a microscopic description, the most famous is the model introduced by Tamás Vicsek et al. in 1995.

Physicists have a great interest in this model as it is minimal and describes a kind of universality. It consists in point-like self-propelled particles that evolve at constant speed and align their velocity with their neighbours' one in presence of noise. Such a model shows collective motion at high density of particles or low noise on the alignment.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Ichimoni!
“Ichimoni!” is a breakfast television produced in-house by Hokkaido Television Broadcasting (HTB) and broadcast Monday through Saturday since March 28, 2011. Until September 14, 2018, the program was titled “Ichioshi! Morning.”

Breakfast television
Breakfast television (Europe and Australia) or morning show (Canada and the United States) is a type of news or infotainment television programme that broadcasts live in the morning (typically scheduled between 5:00 and 10:00 a.m., or if it is a local programme, as early as 4:00 a.m.). Often presented by a small team of hosts, these programmes are typically marketed towards the combined demography of people getting ready for work and school and stay-at-home adults and parents.

The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952 on NBC in the United States. For the next 70 years, Today was the number one morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and television networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.
Osmonds (album)
Osmonds is the third album released by the Osmonds, the first under MGM as the Osmonds and the first to feature lead vocal roles from Donny. The first single from the album, "One Bad Apple", became a number-one hit according to the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.  The second single from the album, "Sweet and Innocent", reached number seven, with the single sleeve crediting group member Donny Osmond as the artist. The album reached number 14 on the Billboard Top LPs chart on February 27, 1971.  It was certified Gold by the RIAA on September 13, 1971.

Donny Osmond
Donald Clark Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American singer, dancer, actor, television host and former teen idol. He gained fame performing with four of his elder brothers as the Osmonds, earning several top ten hits and gold albums. In the early 1970s, Osmond began a solo career, earning several additional top ten songs.

He further gained fame due to the success of the 1976–1979 variety series Donny & Marie, which Osmond hosted with his sister, Marie Osmond. The Donny & Marie duo also released a series of top ten hits and gold albums and hosted a syndicated and Daytime Emmy Award–nominated 1998–2000 talk show. Donny & Marie retired from headlining an 11-year Las Vegas residency at the Flamingo Las Vegas in 2019.

He also successfully competed on two reality TV shows, winning season 9 of Dancing with the Stars and being named runner-up for season 1 of The Masked Singer. He also hosted the game show Pyramid from 2002 to 2004.
Bost–Connes system
In mathematics, a Bost–Connes system is a quantum statistical dynamical system related to an algebraic number field, whose partition function is related to the Dedekind zeta function of the number field. Bost & Connes (1995) introduced Bost–Connes systems by constructing one for the rational numbers. Connes, Marcolli & Ramachandran (2005) extended the construction to imaginary quadratic fields.

Such systems have been studied for their connection with Hilbert's Twelfth Problem.  In the case of a Bost–Connes system over Q, the absolute Galois group acts on the ground states of the system.

Dedekind zeta function
In mathematics, the Dedekind zeta function of an algebraic number field K, generally denoted , is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function that represents information of ideals in number ring in the similar way as Riemann zeta function represents information about integers.

Dedekind zeta functions generalize many properties of Riemann zeta function: they can be defined as a Dirichlet series, have an analytic continuation to a meromorphic function on the complex plane C with only a simple pole at s = 1, have an Euler product expansion, and satisfies a functional equation. Values of Dedekind zeta functions encode important arithmetic data of K.

The Dedekind zeta function is named for Richard Dedekind who introduced it in his supplement to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie.
Treaty of Naples (1639)
Treaty of Naples was a political-military agreement between the Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Poland, signed in Naples in late 1639. The Polish king Władysław IV agreed to raise an army of 17,000 men, which would consist of 12,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry. Following transit across the imperial territory, the troops were to be employed under Spanish command in Flanders against the French. The Spanish king Felipe IV, apart from covering recruitment and maintenance cost, was to pay the Polish monarch 500,000 Neapolitan escudos. The Poles almost immediately demanded re-negotiation of the treaty, which resulted in another agreement being concluded in 1641; the Spaniards were to pay more for an even smaller army. This treaty was not implemented either, and the Madrid court cancelled the deal in early 1642. The treaty remains the only bilateral Spanish-Polish military alliance agreement ever concluded between the two countries.

Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria, Portuguese: Filipe III; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: Rey Planeta), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

By the time of his death, the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area, the largest empire in the world, but in other aspects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform. He was succeeded on his death by his young son Charles II as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by John IV as King of Portugal.
UPG
UPG can refer to:

Union of the Gabonese People (Union du Peuple Gabonais)

Unverified personal gnosis

University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg

the IATA airport code for Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, Indonesia

University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg
The University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg (Pitt-Greensburg or UPG) is a state-related liberal arts college in Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It is a baccalaureate degree-granting regional campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Opened in 1963, Pitt-Greensburg was granted four-year degree-granting status in 1988. As of 2020, Pitt-Greensburg had 1,439 undergraduates and 96 faculty.
Marcelo Lopes (footballer, born 1975)
Marcelo Lopes de Faria  or simply  Marcelo Lopes  (born 17 May 1975) is a Brazilian football defender,

He previously played for União São João, Fortaleza in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. and Potiguar de Mossoró in the Campeonato Potiguar

Fortaleza Esporte Clube
Fortaleza Esporte Clube (Brazilian Portuguese: [foʁtaˈlezɐ isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi]) is a Brazilian multi-sport club based in Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará. Founded in 18 October 1918, primarily a football club, is active in other sports such as futsal, handball and basketball. The club's colors are red, blue and white.

Fortaleza is one of the most successful football clubs in the Brazilian Northeast, having won 46 state league titles and 3 Copa do Nordeste titles. It is placed by surveys as the second biggest fan base in the Northeast, behind only EC Bahia. Its biggest rival is Ceará SC, and clashes between them are called Clássico-Rei (Classic of Kings).
Expedition 69
Expedition 69 was the 69th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station. The expedition began with the uncrewed departure of Soyuz MS-22 in March 2023 with Russian cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev continuing his ISS command from Expedition 68. It ended with his departure onboard Soyuz MS-23 with his crewmates on 27 September 2023.

Rassvet (ISS module)
Rassvet  (Russian: Рассвет, lit. 'first light'), also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM 1, Russian: Малый исследовательский модуль 1) and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module, is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The module's design is similar to the Mir Docking Module launched on STS-74 in 1995. Rassvet is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. It was flown to the ISS aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-132 mission on 14 May 2010, and was connected to the ISS on 18 May 2010. The hatch connecting Rassvet with the ISS was first opened on 20 May 2010. On 28 June 2010, the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft performed the first docking with the module.