hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bergans
Bergans of Norway (formally Bergans Fritid AS) is a Norwegian outdoor equipment and technical apparel manufacturer headquartered in Asker, Norway. Founded in 1908 by Ole F. Bergan, the company pioneered the external-frame backpack, which became widely adopted by explorers and military forces in the early 20th century.

Today, Bergans develops and manufactures backpacks, tents, sleeping bags, canoes, hiking equipment and, technical clothing.

Hiking equipment
Hiking equipment is the equipment taken on outdoor walking trips. The duration, distance, planned activities, and environment impacts equipment selection. For example, a short day hike across flat farmland versus trekking in the Himalayas would call for different types of equipment.
First Northern Bank
First Northern Bank is a community bank with headquarters in Dixon, California, United States. It was founded in 1910.  The bank serves Solano, Yolo, Sacramento, Placer, El Dorado, Glenn, and Colusa counties with 14 full service branches.

The Bank's portfolio of loans includes commercial loans, agriculture loans, real estate mortgage loans, and real estate construction loans. Its primary lending focus is on commercial (including agricultural), construction and real estate mortgages.

FDIC Insured since January 1, 1934.

One of only 10 banks in California that is over 100 years old.

Branch (banking)
A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or other financial institution (including a brokerage firm) offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its customers.
Capital Handling
Capital Handling Riga is a fixed-base operator certified by the Latvian Civil Aviation Authority and active in all three Baltic states, with the main focus being on Riga International Airport. Established in 2012, Capital Handling operates out of the Business Aviation Terminal located on the northern part of the Riga International Airport. Two heated hangars and MRO facilities are provided for mostly business aviation operators, but also commercial airlines.

Riga International Airport
RIX Riga Airport (Latvian: RIX Rīgas lidosta; IATA: RIX, ICAO: EVRA) is the international airport of Riga, the capital of Latvia, and the largest airport in the Baltic states with direct flights to 107 destinations as of September 2024. It is the 12th-busiest airport in post-Soviet states as well as 77th-busiest airport in Europe. It serves as a hub for airBaltic, SmartLynx Airlines and RAF-Avia, and as one of the base airports for Ryanair and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The Latvian national carrier airBaltic is the largest carrier that serves the airport, followed by Ryanair. The airport is located in the Mārupe Municipality west of Riga, approximately 10 km from its city centre.
Truth Be Told (2015 TV series)
Truth Be Told, known during production as People Are Talking, is an American sitcom television series created by D. J. Nash and executive produced by D. J. Nash and Will Packer for Universal Television. The series aired on NBC from October 16 until December 25, 2015. On December 24, 2015, Truth Be Told was cancelled after one season.

Will Packer
William Packer (born April 11, 1974) is an American film producer and the founder of Will Packer Productions, and Will Packer Media.  Packer has produced or executive produced a wide range of movies that have grossed more than $1 billion worldwide at the box office, including 10 films that have opened at number one. He has produced more than 30 features including big-screen hit comedies such as  Think Like a Man (2012), Ride Along (2014), Think Like a Man Too (2014), The Wedding Ringer (2015), Girls Trip (2017), Night School (2018),  What Men Want (2019) and Little (2019).

Packer produced the 2022 Academy Awards Oscars ceremony. In 2024, he became a limited partner of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons (2024).
Prime minister (Chu State)
The post of prime minister (Chinese: 令尹; pinyin: Lìngyǐn), translated as prime minister or chancellor, was an official government position established in the Chu state during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history (771 – 475 BCE).

King Wu of Chu (reigned 740 – 690 BCE) first established the position of prime minister which remained the most important government office in Chu until its destruction by the Qin state in 223 BCE

The post was normally given to a member of the Chu king's family and records show that only two Chu prime ministers were not related to the Chu king. They were Peng Zhongshuang (彭仲爽), a civilian from the Shen state, at the time of King Wen of Chu (reigned 689 – 677 BCE) and the Wei general Wu Qi during the reign of King Dao of Chu (reigned 401 – 381 BCE).

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
George Brine House
The George Brine House is a historic house in Winchester, Massachusetts.  Built about 1865, it is a well-preserved example of Second Empire architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
The Pimp Tape
The Pimp Tape is the twentieth solo studio album by American rapper Too $hort. It was released on November 9, 2018 through Dangerous Music and EMPIRE. The album features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, Adrian Marcel, Chanel West Coast, DJ Khaled, E-40, French Montana, G-Eazy, Jeremih, Joyner Lucas, Legado 7, Mistah F.A.B., Mozzy, Nef the Pharaoh, Philthy Rich, Richie Rich, Schoolboy Q, Snoop Dogg, T.I., The-Dream, Ty Dolla Sign and YMTK.

E-40
Earl Tywone Stevens (born November 15, 1967), better known by his stage name E-40, is an American rapper. Stevens is a founding member of the rap group The Click and the founder of Sick Wid It Records. He has released 27 studio albums to date, appeared on numerous movie soundtracks, and has also done guest appearances on a host of other rap albums. Initially an underground artist, his 1995 solo album In a Major Way opened him up to a wider audience. Beginning in 1998, he began collaborating with mainstream rappers outside the San Francisco Bay Area. He rose to higher mainstream popularity in 2006 with his single "Tell Me When to Go", which was produced by Lil Jon.
Brugmann
Brugmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce B. Brugmann, editor and publisher of the San Francisco Bay Guardian

Georges Brugmann (1829–1900), Belgian banker and philanthropist

Karl Brugmann (1849–1919), German linguist
Brugmann's law

Samantha Brugmann, American biologist

Walter Brugmann (1887–1944), German architect

Samantha Brugmann
Samantha Ann Brugmann is an American developmental biologist. She is an associate professor at the University of Cincinnati Department of Surgery and is currently studying the development of, as well as diseases related to, the cranium and face (craniofacial). Brugmann's research focuses on the function of the primary cilium and how it affects craniofacial development as well as the development of neural crest cells.
Florida State Road 916
State Road 916 (SR 916), locally known as Northwest 138th Street, West 84th Street, North 135th Street, Opa-locka Boulevard, and Natural Bridge Road is a 10.253 miles (16.501 km) long east–west highway crossing northern Miami-Dade County, Florida.  Its western terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75), the Palmetto Expressway (SR 826), and the Gratigny Parkway (SR 924) on the boundary between Hialeah and Miami Lakes, traveling east to Biscayne Boulevard (U.S. Route 1 (US 1)/SR 5).

Miami Lakes, Florida
Miami Lakes, officially the Town of Miami Lakes, is an incorporated town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The town is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,467.
Takahue
Takahue is a rural community in the Far North District and Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island, south of Kaitaia.

The local Takahue Marae is a meeting place of the Ngāti Kahu hapū of Te Tahawai. It includes the Ōkakewai meeting house.

Takahue is part of a statistical area called Herekino-Takahue, which extends to the western coast.

Hapū
In Māori and New Zealand English, a hapū ("subtribe", or "clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society".  A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally operated independently of its iwi (tribe).
Kalongo Hospital
Kalongo Hospital, also known as Dr. Ambrosoli Memorial Hospital, is a hospital in Northern Uganda. It is a private, community hospital, serving the town of Kalongo and surrounding areas of Agago District, Pader District and parts of Kitgum District.

Acholi people
The Acholi people (/əˈtʃoʊ.li/ ə-CHOH-li, also spelled Acoli) are a Nilotic ethnic group of Luo peoples (also spelled Lwo), found in Magwi County in South Sudan and Northern Uganda (an area commonly referred to as Acholiland), including the districts of Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo, Pader and Omoro District. The Acholi living in Uganda were estimated to number 1.9 million people in 2024 and over 45,000 more were living in South Sudan in 2000.
Bob Bolder
Robert John Bolder (born 2 October 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He started his career with local team Dover before moving to Sheffield Wednesday at the age of 19. He played over 200 games whilst at Hillsborough. In 1983, he started a two-year stint as backup for Bruce Grobbelaar at Liverpool, where he won the European Cup in 1984 as an unusued substitute in the final.

He left Liverpool in 1985 for a brief spell with Sunderland before joining Charlton Athletic a year later. He established himself as first choice keeper for the Addicks for seven years. He was forced to retire from professional football in 1993 and had spells in non-league football with Margate and Dagenham & Redbridge. He has since returned to Charlton as part of their work in the community scheme. He regularly plays in goal for the Liverpool Masters team.

Masters Football
Masters Football is a six-a-side indoor football competition in the United Kingdom, where players over the age of 35 are chosen by the Masters Football Selection Committee to represent a senior club for which they played. Regional heats were held, and the winners of each progressed forward to a national competition. Events were contested over the course of a single evening (usually on Saturdays or Sundays), with games played in two halves of eight minutes each. The pitch was 60 m (200 ft) by 30 m (98 ft) (the size of an international ice hockey rink), and there was no offside rule.

The competition ran from 2000 to 2011, live on the UK subscription channel Sky Sports. Following popular demand, in 2022 online streaming platform 360 Sports TV announced they would be reviving the competition.
5635 Cole
5635 Cole (prov. designation: 1981 ER5) is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 2 March 1981, by American astronomer Schelte Bus at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. The L/S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.79 hours. It was named after the fictional character Joshua Cole.

Siding Spring Observatory
Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia, part of the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics (RSAA) at the Australian National University (ANU), incorporates the Anglo-Australian Telescope along with a collection of other telescopes owned by the Australian National University, the University of New South Wales, and other institutions.  The observatory is situated 1,165 metres (3,822 ft) above sea level in the Warrumbungle National Park on Mount Woorat, also known as Siding Spring Mountain. Siding Spring Observatory is owned by the Australian National University (ANU) and is part of the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories research school.

More than A$100 million worth of research equipment is located at the observatory. There are over 60 telescopes on site, though not all are operational.
Indwe Hospital
Indwe Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in Indwe in the Emalahleni Local Municipality, Eastern Cape area in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Out Patients Department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Morgue
A morgue or mortuary (in a hospital or elsewhere) is a place used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification (ID), removal for autopsy, respectful burial, entombment or cremation. In modern times, corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition.
Khedado Ki Dhani
Khedado Ki Dhani is a village in Jhunjhunu district of Jaipur division of Rajasthan state. It comes under Pacheri Kalan Police thana area. Sagwara is a nearby village. It can be accessed by a road from Mahendargarh-Narnaul Road. Going to Narnaul from Mahendergarh, it is on the right side approach road to the nearby village of Sagwa.

Jhunjhunu district
Jhunjhunu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in northern India. The city of Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters. The district is famous for the frescos on its grand havelis and for providing considerable representation to Indian defense forces. The district falls within the Shekhawati region, and is bounded on the northeast and east by Haryana state, on the southeast, south & southwest by Sikar district & on the northwest and north by Churu district.
Morisita's overlap index
Morisita's overlap index, named after Masaaki Morisita, is a statistical measure of dispersion of individuals in a population.  It is used to compare overlap among samples (Morisita 1959).  This formula is based on the assumption that increasing the size of the samples will increase the diversity because it will include different habitats (i.e. different faunas).

Formula:

xi is the number of times species i is represented in the total X from one sample.

yi is the number of times species i is represented in the total Y from another sample.

Dx and Dy are the Simpson's index values for the x and y samples respectively.

S is the number of unique species

CD = 0 if the two samples do not overlap in terms of species, and CD = 1 if the species occur in the same proportions in both samples.

Horn's modification of the index is (Horn 1966):

Note, not to be confused with Morisita’s index of dispersion.

Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered. On the other hand, when the variance is small, the data in the set is clustered.

Dispersion is contrasted with location or central tendency, and together they are the most used properties of distributions.
Vestmannaeyjagöng
Vestmannaeyjagöng is a proposed undersea tunnel in Iceland, linking the archipelago Vestmannaeyjar to the Icelandic mainland. As of 2025, the only connections to Vestmannaeyjar are the ferry Herjólfur and seasonal flights to Vestmannaeyjar Airport.

Underwater tunnel
An underwater tunnel is a tunnel which is partly or wholly constructed under the sea or a river. They are often used where building a bridge or operating a ferry link is unviable, or to provide competition or relief for existing bridges or ferry links. While short tunnels are often road tunnels which may admit motorized traffic, unmotorized traffic or both, concerns with ventilation lead to the longest tunnels (such as the Channel Tunnel or the Seikan Tunnel) being electrified rail tunnels.
NGC 7537
NGC 7537 is a spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Pisces, about 1.5° to the NNW of Gamma Piscium. It was first documented by German-born astronomer William Herschel on Aug 30, 1785. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "very faint, considerably small, round, brighter middle, southwestern of 2". This galaxy lies at a distance of approximately 127 Mly (39 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is a member of the Pegasus I cluster.

This object forms a pair with the nearly edge-on barred spiral galaxy NGC 7541, and the two show signs of interaction. NGC 7537 has a curved tidal tail to the northeast with a length of 23 kly (6.9 kpc), while NGC 7541 has two tidal tails. They have a projected separation of 140 kly (44 kpc).

Tidal tail
A tidal tail is a thin, elongated region of stars and interstellar gas that extends into space from a galaxy. Tidal tails occur as a result of galactic tide forces between interacting galaxies. Examples of galaxies with tidal tails include the Tadpole Galaxy and the Mice Galaxies. Tidal forces can eject a significant amount of a galaxy's gas into the tail; within the Antennae Galaxies, for example, nearly half of the observed gaseous matter is found within the tail structures.
Nepean Football Association
Nepean Football Association (NFA) is the governing body of amateur football across the Penrith, Hawkesbury and Blue Mountains areas of western Sydney. Clubs are located in four council areas, City of Penrith, City of Blue Mountains, City of Hawkesbury and Wollondilly Shire. Its administrative offices are located in Penrith.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Katrina Bryan
Katrina Bryan (born 10 July 1980) is a Scottish actress who has starred in Taggart, Nina and the Neurons, and Molly and Mack. She has been active since 1999. Bryan has a BA in Acting from Edinburgh's Queen Margaret University School of Drama. She appeared in an Irn-Bru advert where she names her newborn baby Fanny, much to the shock of the baby's father.

Brunton Theatre
The Brunton Theatre is a building in Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland that was a mid-scale performing arts venue 1971–2023. It is part of a wider complex, incorporating council offices, called Brunton Memorial Hall.

The building is textured concrete and glass, and was designed by William Kininmonth, with a gilded relief sculpture by the Scottish sculptor Thomas Whalen on the facade.
Hanging Gardens (2022 film)
Hanging Gardens (Arabic: جنائن معلقة, romanized: Janain mualaqa) is a 2022 drama film directed by Ahmed Yassin Al Daradji who co-wrote the screenplay with Margaret Glover. It is a co-production between Iraq, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Kingdom.

The film premiered in the Horizons section at the 79th Venice International Film Festival, and was the first Iraqi film ever to be selected by the Venice Festival. It was later awarded best film at the 2022 Red Sea International Film Festival.  It was selected as the Iraqi entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

Orizzonti
Orizzonti (lit. 'Horizons') is a section of the Venice Film Festival's official selection. Inspired by Cannes sidebar Un Certain Regard, it features a competition of upcoming filmmakers, usually first or second works, with focus on global independent cinema.

Among the now well established filmmakers who have been part of section are: Luca Guadagnino, Josh Safdie and Ben Safdie, Hong Sang-soo, Karim Aïnouz, Frederick Wiseman, Catherine Breillat, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Quentin Dupieux, Lav Diaz, Wang Bing, Robin Campillo, Jia Zhangke, Gianfranco Rosi, Franco Maresco, Brady Corbet, Pietro Marcello, Kaouther Ben Hania, Saeed Roustayi, Rodrigo Sorogoyen, Oliver Hermanus, Andrea Pallaoro, Gia Coppola, Ti West, Haifaa al-Mansour and Paul Morrissey.

The section usually features awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Jury Prizes and acting prizes. Alongside the Best Short Film prize for the parallel Orizzonti Short Films Competition.
Molefi Kete Asante
Molefi Kete Asante (/əˈsænteɪ/ ə-SAN-tay; born Arthur Lee Smith Jr.; August 14, 1942) is an American  philosopher who is involved in the fields of African-American studies, African studies, and communication studies. He is currently a professor in the Department of Africology at Temple University, where he founded the PhD program in African-American Studies. He is president of the Molefi Kete Asante Institute for Afrocentric Studies.

Asante advocates for Afrocentricity. He is the author of more than 90 books and the founding editor of the Journal of Black Studies. He is the father of author and filmmaker M. K. Asante.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.