hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vietoris–Rips complex
In topology, the Vietoris–Rips complex, also called the Vietoris complex or Rips complex, is a way of forming a topological space from distances in a set of points. It is an abstract simplicial complex that can be defined from any metric space M and distance δ by forming a simplex for every finite set of points that has diameter no more than δ. That is, it is a family of finite subsets of M, in which we think of a subset of k points as forming a (k − 1)-dimensional simplex (an edge for two points, a triangle for three points, a tetrahedron for four points, etc.); if a finite set S has the property that the distance between every pair of points in S is at most δ, then we include S as a simplex in the complex.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Seksan Piturat
Seksan Piturat (also written Sakesan Pituratana) (Thai: เศกสรรค์ ปิตุรัตน์) or the nickname  "James" is a Thai former football player, who has been described as the "Ronaldo" of Thai football. He played as a striker for Thailand national team in various tournaments such as World Cup 2002 (Qualifying), Asian Cup 2000 and scored 19 goals for the national team. He previously played in the Thailand Division 1 League with Royal Thai Police FC.

Thai League 2
Thai League 2 (Thai: ไทยลีก 2), commonly known as the T2, formally called Thai Division 1 League, is the second-tier professional league in the Thai football league system. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 34 games : two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Seal 5 League II. Champion, runner up and teams ranked 3rd – 6th qualified in play off for last spot in top tier promoted to Thai League 1 at the end of the season, whilst three are relegated to Thai League 3.
Vagliagli
Vagliagli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Castelnuovo Berardenga, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 386.

Vagliagli is about 16 km from Siena and 27 km from Castelnuovo Berardenga.

Castelnuovo Berardenga
43°20′50.65″N 11°30′15.85″E﻿ / ﻿43.3474028°N 11.5044028°E﻿ / 43.3474028; 11.5044028

Castelnuovo Berardenga is a comune (municipality) in the province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Florence and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Siena. Since 1932 it has been included in the Chianti wine-production area.

The Battle of Montaperti between Guelphs and Ghibellines was fought nearby on 4 September 1260.

The territory of Castelnuovo Berardenga borders that of the comuni of Asciano, Bucine, Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Monteriggioni, Radda in Chianti, Rapolano Terme and Siena.
Armenians in Myanmar
The first Armenians in Burma were merchants who arrived in 1612, and settled in Syriam, where the first Armenian tombstone is dated 1725.

Frontier Myanmar reported the number of Armenians "a few hundred at most" in 2019. According to Reverend John Felix, priest at the Armenian church in Yangon, the last full Armenian died in 2013, but there are "no more than 10 or 20 families who are part Armenian."

Frontier Myanmar
Frontier Myanmar (Burmese: ဖရန်တီးယားမြန်မာ) is a news and business magazine published in Yangon, Myanmar, owned by Black Knight Media Co. Ltd which also runs a content marketing agency called Black Knight Media Group. It operates an English language magazine, an English language website, and a Burmese language website. Frontier Myanmar mainly focuses on local politics and business.
Constantin Brâncoveanu metro station
Constantin Brâncoveanu is a metro station in Bucharest. It is named after Constantin Brâncoveanu, a Wallachian prince (1654–1714).

It is located at the junction of the Olteniței Road (Șoseaua Olteniței) and the Constantin Brâncoveanu boulevard (Bd. Constantin Brâncoveanu), right next to the southern entrance into Tineretului Park, providing easy access to the Sala Polivalentă (Polivalenta Hall, a frequent host to sport events and concerts). Here one can find "Orașelul copiilor" (City of the Kids), the greatest amusement park in Romania.

Since the fall of communism in 1989, the platform has been dominated by a statue of Constantin Brâncoveanu and his sons, replacing the older statue of Ion Popescu-Puțuri, a communist leader.

The station opened on 5 December 1988, two years after the southern section of the M2 Line opened, likely due to lack of demand for the station in the area, when the line opened at first.

Bucharest Metro Line M2
M2 (20.28 km (12.6 mi)) is one of the five lines of metro of the Bucharest Metro. The M2 Line runs from Pipera to Tudor Arghezi, thus linking the north to the south of the city. The line is the busiest on the system, passing through a multitude of neighbourhoods, and also the only line to serve the centre of the city.
Polish Episcopal Conference
The Polish Episcopal Conference or Polish Bishops' Conference (Polish: Konferencja Episkopatu Polski or KEP) is the central organ of the Catholic Church in Poland. It is composed of 3 cardinals, 24 archbishops and 118 bishops.

Jacek Jezierski
Jacek Jezierski (1722–1805) was a Polish writer and businessman, a member of the Polish nobility and a political writer. From 1775 he was the castellan (governor of the castle) of the town of Łuków. He was also manager of the personal domain of the Primate of Poland, which allowed him to gain a significant fortune. During the Four Years Sejm he opposed the Russian influence in Poland and was among the supporters of a Polish alliance with Prussia and Great Britain. He opposed radical reforms and the granting of civil rights to burghers.
Peter Bohren
Peter Bohren (20 June 1822 – 4 July 1882) was a Swiss mountain guide from Grindelwald.

Peter Bohren made three first ascents in the Bernese Alps. On 11 August 1858 he jointly made the first ascent of the Eiger (3967 m above sea level), climbing via the  west face with fellow guide, Christian Almer, and Charles Barrington. The group started at 3:30 a.m at the Hotel Wengernalp and the mountaineers reached the summit of the Eiger in the fog at 12 noon.

The following year, he reached the Aletschhorn (4193 m) with two colleagues and a guest on 18 June 1859. His last first ascent was the Äbeni Flue (3962 m) together with a colleague and a guest via today's normal route (southwest flank and southeast ridge) on 27 August 1868.

Ebnefluh
The Ebnefluh, also known as the Äbeni Flue and the Ebenefluh, (3,961 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies towards the eastern end of the Lauterbrunnen Wall.
2021–22 Chicago State Cougars men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Chicago State Cougars men's basketball team represented Chicago State University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cougars were led by first-year head coach Gerald Gillion and played their home games at the Emil and Patricia Jones Convocation Center as members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

This was Chicago State's final season in the WAC, and a new conference was not officially announced.

The Cougars finished the season 7–25, 3–15 in WAC play, to finish in a tie for 11th place. As the No. 10 seed in the WAC tournament, they were defeated by 7th seed Utah Valley in the first round.

2021–22 Western Athletic Conference men's basketball season
The 2021–22 WAC men's basketball season began with practices in October 2021 followed by the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November 2021. The conference began play in December 2021. This is the WAC's 60th season of basketball. On July 1, 2021, The WAC officially welcomed four new members: Abilene Christian, Lamar, Sam Houston, and Stephen F. Austin to grow and revitalize the conference. All four were previously in the Southland Conference. The WAC now has 6 full members in Texas, making it the largest DI conference in the state. Each WAC member will play an 18-game conference schedule.

The WAC tournament was held March 9–12, 2022 at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Arne Kroták
Arne Kroták (born June 6, 1972) is a Czech-born Slovak former professional ice hockey left winger. Kroták previously played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK Poprad and HC Košice. In the Czech Extraliga for HC Zlín and HC Třinec.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
Frank Browning (author)
Frank Browning is an American author and former correspondent for National Public Radio. The author of seven books, his work has appeared in the Washington Post Magazine, the LA Times, Mother Jones, Playboy, Penthouse, Salon and numerous other publications. He has also reported for Marketplace and This American Life.

Marketplace (radio program)
Marketplace is an American radio program that focuses on business, the economy, and events that influence them. The program was first broadcast on January 2, 1989. Hosted by Kai Ryssdal since 2005, the show is produced and distributed by American Public Media. Marketplace is produced in Los Angeles with bureaus in New York, Washington, D.C., Portland, Baltimore, London, and Shanghai. It won a Peabody Award in 2000.

Besides the flagship daytime half-hour program, Marketplace also produces a companion show, the seven-and-a-half-minute-long Marketplace Morning Report, hosted by David Brancaccio, which airs on many public radio stations during the last segment of the NPR program Morning Edition.  The Marketplace team produces a number of podcasts, including Make Me Smart, This Is Uncomfortable, The Uncertain Hour, How We Survive, and Million Bazillion, as well as podcast versions of the radio broadcast and extended podcasts built around regular segments from the radio show.
HMS Topaze
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Topaze, after the French word for the gemstone Topaz:

HMS Topaze (1793), a 38-gun fifth rate, previously the French frigate Topaze.  She was handed over to the British in 1793 by French royalists, and was sold in 1814.

HMS Topaze (1814), a 38-gun fifth rate, previously the French frigate Étoile. She was captured by Hebrus in 1814 and became a receiving ship in 1823.  She was used as a target from 1850 and broken up in 1851.

HMS Topaze (1858), a Liffey-class wood screw frigate launched in 1858 and sold in 1884.

HMS Topaze (1903), a Topaze-class cruiser launched in 1903, and sold in 1921.

There was also a naval trawler named Topaze. She was formerly the trawler Melbourne launched in 1935, and used for anti-submarine training during the Second World War, before she sank after a collision with HMS Rodney in 1941. She does not seem to have been formally commissioned into the Royal Navy, and does not have the HMS prefix.

French frigate Étoile (1813)
Étoile was a 44-gun frigate of the French Navy, launched in 1813. The British captured her in 1814 and the Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Topaze. She did not go to sea again until 1818, and was paid off in 1822. She served as a receiving ship until 1850 and was broken up in 1851.
National Institute of Population Research and Training
The National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) is a autonomous national research institute that researches family planning in Bangladesh and training government officers involved with family planning in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Family planning in Bangladesh
Family planning in Bangladesh is carried out by government agencies and supported by non-government organisations. The Directorate General of Family Planning is the government agency responsible for family planning in Bangladesh. Marie Stopes Bangladesh is an international NGO that provides family planning services in Bangladesh.

In 1975, the population of Bangladesh was 76.3 million, and by 2020 the population had reached 164.7 million. Bangladesh has a fertility rate of 2.01, which, according to United Nations Population Fund, makes it a "low fertility country". Bangladesh has a high population density, with about 1123.85 people per square kilometre. Since independence Bangladesh has reduced its total fertility rate (TFR) to 2.01, which means that women have 2.01 children on average. At this TFR and without migration a country's population is neither growing nor shrinking. Bangladesh family planning programs have been described as being weakened in recent years.
Janel Tsai
Janel Tsai (born 14 March 1975) is a Taiwanese actress and model. She is known for portraying He Ailin in The Fierce Wife (2011) and Yang Chien in CSIC: I Hero (2015).  In 2020, she won Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series at the 55th Golden Bell Awards for her portrayal of Tang Juan in Hate the Sin, Love the Sinner. In 2023, she won Best Leading Actress in a Television Series at the 58th Golden Bell Awards for her portrayal of Liu Zi-xu in Mad Doctor.

55th Golden Bell Awards
The 55th Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 第55屆金鐘獎) was held on September 26, 2020 at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan. The ceremony was televised by Sanlih E-Television and Public Television Service; it was jointly hosted by Sabrina Pai, Gino Tsai, Vicky Tseng, Chen Guan-lin, Lulu Huang Lu Zi Yin, Crowd Lu, Sam Tseng and Aaron Yan.
Jimmy Airlie
Jimmy Airlie (10 November 1936, Renfrew – 10 March 1997, Erskine) was a leading Scottish trade unionist. While a shop steward, along with Sammy Gilmore, Sammy Barr and Jimmy Reid he was particularly remembered for his role as chairman of the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders work-in committee of 1971.

Campbell Christie
Campbell Christie CBE (23 August 1937 – 28 October 2011) was the General Secretary of the Scottish Trades Union Congress from 1986 to 1998.

The son of a Galloway quarryman, he joined the civil service at the age of 17, rising through the ranks of the Civil Service Clerical Association. He became a leader of the "Sauchiehall Street Mafia", a left-wing association credited with helping radicalise the civil service unions in the 1960s.

In 1983, Christie stood unsuccessfully to become the General Secretary of the National Association of Local Government Officers.

Away from politics, Christie was chairman of Falkirk F.C. during the 2000s. During his tenure, Falkirk were promoted to the Scottish Premier League and developed the Falkirk Stadium. He stepped down in 2009, making the announcement after Falkirk played in the 2009 Scottish Cup Final.

Christie died at Strathcarron Hospice, Denny, Falkirk, aged 74, on 28 October 2011, after a short illness.
Target Hill
Target Hill (66°0′S 62°57′W﻿ / ﻿66.000°S 62.950°W﻿ / -66.000; -62.950) is a prominent hill which rises 1,010 m above the level of Larsen Ice Shelf. It stands 6 nautical miles (11 km) west of Mount Fritsche on the south flank of Leppard Glacier in eastern Graham Land. The hill was the most westerly point reached by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) survey party in 1955; it was visible to the party as a target upon which to steer from the summit of Richthofen Pass.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Target Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Mel Ryan
Melville Ryan (23 June 1933 – 16 November 2015) was an English professional cricketer who played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club from 1954 to 1965. He was born in Huddersfield, and died in the Kirkland Hospice at Dalton in Huddersfield.

Ryan was a right-arm fast-medium bowler who took 413 wickets in 150 first-class matches at an average of 22.92 runs per wicket. He took five wickets in an innings twelve times with best figures of 7/45. He achieved ten wickets in a match twice with a best return of 10/77. A right-handed tail-end batsman, he scored 682 career runs with a highest score of 26*. He was generally an outfielder and completed 59 catches.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Joanne Davila
Joanne Davila (born 1966) is a clinical psychologist known for her research on the romantic relationships and mental health of adolescents and adults, including the impact of social media use on relationships and wellbeing, and on LGBTQ+ relationships and wellbeing. She is a Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychology at Stony Brook University.

In 2017, Stony Brook University honored Davila with the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Faculty Service. Davila is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Division 12, Society for Clinical Psychology),  the Association for Psychological Science, and the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.

Davila was the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology from 2016-2022.  She served as the 2020 President of the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology.

Association for Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS publishes several journals, holds an annual meeting, disseminates psychological science research findings to the general public, and works with policymakers to strengthen support for scientific psychology.
Baprola
28°38′27″N 77°00′38″E﻿ / ﻿28.6407792°N 77.010416987°E﻿ / 28.6407792; 77.010416987

Baprola (or Bapraula) is a census town and village on the outskirts of Najafgarh in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It lies near the Delhi-Haryana border and is one of 12 villages of Solanki clan in Delhi. The Jat-dominated village is situated in the South West Delhi district. It is located in Najafgarh Zone (MCD). It is best known as the home of the double Olympic medalist wrestler Sushil Kumar.
Apart from this, Baprola is known as the home of the district president of BJP- Vijay Solanki: whose father Late. Ch. Kaptan Singh was the sarpanch in the last panchayat of the village.
Haryanvi is the most spoken language in the village along with Hindi.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
José Manuel Nava Sánchez
José Manuel Nava Sánchez (c. 1954 – 16 November 2006) was a veteran journalist and editor for the Excélsior newspaper, and columnist for the national daily El Sol de México. He was stabbed to death at his home in Mexico City in 2006.

Organización Editorial Mexicana
Organización Editorial Mexicana, also known as OEM, is the largest Mexican print media company and the largest newspaper company in Latin America. The company owns a large newswire service, it includes 70 Mexican daily newspapers, 24 radio stations and 44 websites.

Organización Editorial Mexicana was founded by Jose Garcia Valseca  The daily circulation of the print edition of La Prensa, one of OEM's newspapers, is more than 450,000 readers. It is considered the most widely read newspaper in Mexico City. According to Alexa.com, the online version of the media company is one of the most visited webpages in Mexico.

Organización Editorial Mexicana owns El Sol de México, ESTO and La Prensa. Circulation combined tops every news print media in the Mexican capital.
John Pattison (priest)
Christianity portal

John Pattison (1851-1918) was an Anlgican priest. He served as the Dean of Ardfert from 1916 to 1918.

Pattison was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1884. He began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Kiltallagh. He was Rector  of Kilcolman from 1886 to 1892; and then of Listowel until his death. He was Precentor of Ardfert Cathedral from  1905 to 1916.

He died on 15 August 1918.

Killagha Abbey
Killagha Abbey of Our Lady of Bello Loco, also called Kilcolman Abbey, is a ruined Augustinian abbey and former manor house in County Kerry, Ireland. The abbey is 1 km north-west of Milltown, near the River Maine.