hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rogers Picnic
The Rogers Picnic was a one-day, annual summer music festival held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The festival took place in 2007 and again in 2008.

The first Rogers Picnic, created by Rogers Wireless, was on 29 July 2007, and was held at Toronto's historic Fort York. The line up featured Canadian and international musicians and meshed rock, punk, ska, reggae, hip-hop, and more. Performers included The New Pornographers, The Roots, Tegan and Sara, The Dears, Bad Brains, Apostle of Hustle, Little Brother, Bedouin Soundclash, and Team Canada DJs.

The second Rogers Picnic was on 20 July 2008 at Fort York. The line-up included Tokyo Police Club, Cat Power, Dizzee Rascal, Vampire Weekend, Animal Collective, City and Colour, Born Ruffians, The Carps, and Chromeo.

Chromeo
Chromeo is a Canadian electro-funk duo from Montreal, formed in 2002 by musicians David "Dave 1" Macklovitch and Patrick "P-Thugg" Gemayel. Their sound draws from soul music, dance music, rock, synth-pop, disco and funk.

As of 2024, the band has released six studio albums, with three of them hitting the Billboard 200 charts. In 2018, Chromeo received their first Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for their album Head over Heels.
John Cunningham McLennan
Sir John Cunningham McLennan, KBE FRS FRSC (October 14, 1867 – October 9, 1935) was a Canadian physicist.

Born in Ingersoll, Ontario, the son of David McLennan and Barbara Cunningham, he was the director of the physics laboratory at the University of Toronto from 1906 until 1932.

McLennan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1915. McLennan delivered the Guthrie lecture to the Physical Society in 1918. With his graduate student, Gordon Merritt Shrum, he built a helium liquefier at the University of Toronto.  In 1923, they became the second group of physicists in the world to successfully produce liquid helium, 15 years after Heike Kammerlingh Onnes. In 1926, McLennan was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's Flavelle Medal and in 1927 a Royal Medal.

He died in 1935 near Abbeville in France on a train from Paris to London of a heart attack. He is buried beside his wife in Stow of Wedale, Scotland.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Rusty Air in Carolina
Rusty Air in Carolina is a symphonic poem for electronica and orchestra by the American composer Mason Bates.  The work was commissioned by conductor Robert Moody, a longtime friend and collaborator of Bates.  It was premiered in 2006 by Robert Moody and the Winston-Salem Symphony.  The piece was composed as a homage to the culture and climate of the Carolinas.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
Antonio Vutov
Antonio Vutov (Bulgarian: Антонио Вутов; born 6 June 1996) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays for Arda Kardzhali as an attacking midfielder or winger.

Vutov began his career with Levski Sofia. He joined Serie A club Udinese in January 2014, and had loan spells at Cosenza, Lecce, Botev Plovdiv and Levski before moving permanently to Botev in 2018.

He has also represented Bulgaria internationally at under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels.

Bulgaria national under-21 football team
The Bulgaria national under-21 football team (Bulgarian: Mладежки национален отбор на България по футбол) is considered to be the feeder team for the Bulgaria national football team. This team is for Bulgarian players aged under 21 at the start of the calendar year in which a two-year UEFA European Under-21 Championship campaign begins, so some players can remain with the squad until the age of 23.
John Luce (bishop)
John Luce († 1370) was a 14th-century bishop of Dunkeld. He had been a precentor of Dunkeld before being appointed to the bishopric by Pope Innocent VI on 18 May 1355. John had been elected to the bishopric some months before by the diocese's chapter, but the pope had reserved the see for himself. Thus the pope declared the election null and void, but still appointed John. Soon afterwards John was consecrated by Cardinal Peter de Pratis, bishop of Palestrina. John's episcopate is rather unnotable, and most of his legacy consists of a few charters. He was a witness to the 14-year truce signed between Scotland and England on 20 July 1369.

John probably died early in 1370.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina (Latin: Diocesis Praenestina) is a Latin suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy.

The current bishop of Palestrina is Mauro Parmeggiani, who was appointed by Pope Francis on 19 February 2019. Prior to his appointment, he had served as Apostolic Administrator following the resignation of his predecessor, Bishop Emeritus Domenico Sigalini, on 31 July 2017 due to age.
Paiki dance
Paiki (also known as Painki and Paika) is a Sadani Nagpuri martial folk dance of the Chotanagpur plateau region of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. In the dance, people wear dhoti, a turban with peacock feathers in it. They hold sword in their right hand, a shield in their left hand and dance to the tune of musical instruments of Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai and Narsingh. It is done by men and reflect valour. It is performed at weddings and functions. Paik were foot soldiers during medieval period. It is primarily performed by Rautia, who used to be soldiers during reign of Nagvanshi dynasty in Chotanagpur. It is also performed by some Munda tribe in Khunti and Mayurbhanj district.

Naqareh
The naqareh, naqqāra, nagara or nagada is a Middle Eastern drum with a rounded back and a hide head, usually played in pairs. It is thus a membranophone of the kettle drum variety.

The term naqqāra (نقاره), also نقارات naqqarat, naqqarah, naqqåre, nakkare, nagora comes from the Urdu verb naqr- that means "to strike, beat".

The instrument was also adopted in Europe following the Crusades, and known as the naccaire or naker.
S. Carlisle Martin
Samuel Carlisle Martin (1867–1932) was an American newspaper cartoonist and illustrator.

Martin was born in St. Louis on November 13, 1867, to John and Hattie Martin; John Martin was railroad agent. Martin had a twin brother (who also became a newspaper illustrator) and other siblings. He attended the St. Louis School of Fine Arts at Washington University.

Martin was an illustrator for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and was the third cartoonist to draw that paper's Weatherbird, taking over from Oscar Chopin. He drew the strip (which continues to this day) from 1910 to 1932. Martin began the practice of having the Weatherbird comment on current events, and set the standards of six words maximum for the "birdline" (the Weatherbird's comments).

Assisted by reporter Carlos Hurd (who helped write the birdlines), Martin drew the Weatherbird until his death. He was succeeded by Amadee Wohlschlaeger (then just out of his teens), who went on to draw the strip for a half century.

St. Louis School of Fine Arts
The St. Louis School of Fine Arts was founded as the Saint Louis School and Museum of Fine Arts in 1879 as part of Washington University in St. Louis, and has continuously offered visual arts and sculpture education since then.  Its purpose-built building stood in downtown St. Louis on Lucas Place.

After about 25 years of operation, in 1909, a legal conflict over funding split the organization into two parts:  the school and its art collection, which remained part of privately held Washington University, and a public civic art museum, which became the Saint Louis Art Museum.

The art school moved to the university campus.  With changes of name and location on campus, it continued operations up until 2006 when the school was incorporated into the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, which spans graduate and undergraduate arts curriculum, graduate and undergraduate schools of architecture, and the university's art collection in its Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum.
Reinhard Oehme
Reinhard Oehme (German: [ˈøːmə]; born 26 January 1928, Wiesbaden; died sometime between 29 September and 4 October 2010, Hyde Park) was a German-American physicist known for the discovery of C (charge conjugation) non-conservation in the presence of P (parity) violation, the formulation and proof of hadron dispersion relations, the edge-of-the-wedge theorem in the function theory of several complex variables, the Goldberger–Miyazawa–Oehme sum rule, reduction of quantum field theories, Oehme–Zimmermann superconvergence relations for gauge field correlation functions, and many other contributions.

Oehme was born in Wiesbaden, Germany as the son of  Dr. Reinhold Oehme and Katharina Kraus. In 1952, in São Paulo, Brazil, he married Mafalda Pisani, who was born in Berlin as the daughter of Giacopo Pisani and Wanda d'Alfonso. Mafalda died in Chicago in August of the year 2004.

Cross-correlation matrix
The cross-correlation matrix of two random vectors is a matrix containing as elements the cross-correlations of all pairs of elements of the random vectors. The cross-correlation matrix is used in various digital signal processing algorithms.
Engineering World Health
Engineering World Health (EWH) was a non-profit organization that worked with hospitals and clinics that serve resource-poor communities of the developing world. EWH has now merged with Engineers Without Borders - USA. EWH's focus was on the repair and maintenance of medical equipment and on building local capacity to manage and maintain the equipment without international aid.

Engineering professors Robert Malkin and Mohammad Kiani established EWH in Memphis in 2001. In 2004, Dr. Malkin and EWH relocated to Duke University, which has been an active partner since that time. As a result of this partnership, EWH is headquartered in Durham, NC. In 2008, EWH received a multi-year grant from the Wallace H. Coulter Foundation.

Technical University of Denmark
The Technical University of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet), often simply referred to as DTU, is a polytechnic university and school of engineering. It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian Ørsted as Denmark's first polytechnic, and it is today ranked among Europe's leading engineering institutions. It is located in the town Kongens Lyngby, 12 km (7.5 mi) north of central Copenhagen, Denmark.

Along with École Polytechnique in Paris, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Eindhoven University of Technology, Technical University of Munich and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, DTU is a member of EuroTech Universities Alliance.
Garoto Cósmico
Garoto Cósmico (English: Cosmic Boy), English localized title Worldturner Circus, is a 2007 Brazilian animated film directed by Alê Abreu. The film debuted at the 2007 Anima Mundi, and was theatrically released in Brazil on January 11, 2008.

The film featured several Brazilian singers and actors such as Arnaldo Antunes, Vanessa da Mata, Wellington Nogueira and Belchior. It was the last film in which the actor Raul Cortez participated, voicing the character Giramundos.

Arnaldo Antunes
Arnaldo Antunes (pronounced [aʁˈnawdu ɐ̃ˈtunis]; born Arnaldo Augusto Nora Antunes Filho, 2 September 1960) is a Brazilian singer, writer, and composer. He was a member of the rock band Titãs, which he co-founded in 1982 and left ten years later. After 1992, he embarked on a solo career. He has published poetry and had his first book published in 1983. He has worked with Marisa Monte, Tribalistas, Carlinhos Brown and Pequeno Cidadão.
Anne Piquereau
Anne Piquereau (born 15 June 1964 in Poitiers) is a retired French track and field athlete who specialised in the high hurdles. She won the bronze medal at the 1985 World Indoor Games (later renamed World Indoor Championships) and three medals at European Indoor Championships. In addition, she represented her country at the 1988 Olympic Games and  1992 Olympic Games, as well as at three outdoor World Championships, most notably finishing fifth in 1987.

She has personal bests of 12.74 seconds in the 100 metres hurdles (Saint-Denis 1991) and 7.88 seconds in the indoor 60 metres hurdles (Bordeaux 1990).

1985 IAAF World Indoor Games
The World Indoor Games were arranged by the IAAF and held at the Palais Omnisports Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from January 18 to January 19, 1985. In 1987 the championship was renamed to the IAAF World Indoor Championships and gained official status. There were a total number of 319 participating athletes from 69 countries.
Rupee sign
The rupee sign "₨" is a currency sign used to represent the monetary unit of account in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, Seychelles, and formerly in India. It resembles, and is often written as, the Latin character sequence "Rs", of which (as a single character) it is an orthographic ligature.

It is common to find a punctuation mark between the rupee symbol and the digits denoting the amount, for example "Re: 1" (for one unit), or "Rs. 140" (for more than one rupee).

On 15 July 2010, India introduced a new currency symbol, the Indian rupee sign, ₹. This sign is a combination of the Devanagari letter र (ra) and the Latin capital letter R without its vertical bar (similar to the R rotunda).

R rotunda
The r rotunda ⟨ ꝛ ⟩, "rounded r", is a historical calligraphic variant of the minuscule (lowercase) letter Latin r used in full script-like typefaces, especially blackletters.

Unlike other letter variants such as "long s" which originally were orthographically distinctive, r rotunda has always been a calligraphic variant, used when the letter ⟨r⟩ followed a letter with a rounded stroke towards the right side, such as ⟨o⟩, ⟨b⟩, ⟨p⟩, ⟨h⟩ (and ⟨d⟩ in typefaces such as Fraktur where this letter has no vertical stroke, and appears similar to ⟨𝔡⟩). In this way, it is comparable to numerous other special types used for ligatures or conjoined letters in early modern typesetting.
The Ten Commandments: The Musical
The Ten Commandments: The Musical is a musical with music by Patrick Leonard and lyrics by Maribeth Derry. The book is adapted from the French musical Les Dix Commandements created by Élie Chouraqui from an idea by Albert Cohen, which in turn was based on the Book of Exodus and the 1956 epic film The Ten Commandments.

The musical debuted at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood on September 21, 2004. It was directed by Robert Iscove, with choreography by Travis Payne and costumes by Max Azria. The original cast included Val Kilmer, Kevin Earley, Lauren Kennedy, Adam Lambert, Luba Mason, Alisan Porter, Nita Whitaker, Michelle Pereira, Nicholas Rodriguez and Aharon Ipalé. A DVD was shot with the original cast.

Élie Chouraqui
Élie Chouraqui (born 3 July 1950) is a French film director, scriptwriter, and  comic book writer. His 1996 film Les menteurs was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.

He made several films with Anouk Aimée.

In his younger days he was a volleyball enthusiast and was captain of the French Volleyball team at the European and World championships winning 112 caps. He commentated on volleyball from French Television at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Equifax Canada
Equifax Canada Inc is one of two credit bureaus which are private companies in Canada, that (the other being TransUnion Canada) collect, store, and share information about how Canadians use credit. Reports are provided for both individual and commercial entities. Owned by Equifax of Atlanta, Georgia, Equifax Canada is based in Toronto, Ontario.

Business Services offered:

Financial Tracking

Fraud Reduction

Portfolio Risk Management

Market Insights

Credit Application Processing

Credit Score Services

Small Business Operations

Personal Services offered:

Financial Credit Reports

Credit and Identity Monitoring

Identity Theft Protection and Restoration

All credit reporting companies are required by Quebec provincial law to allow Quebec citizens to verify their credit reports and scores online at no cost, Equifax Canada took additional steps in 2021 to expand this access to all Canadians.

Equifax
Equifax Inc. is an American multinational consumer credit reporting agency headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and is one of the three largest consumer credit reporting agencies, along with Experian and TransUnion (together known as the "Big Three").   Equifax collects and aggregates information on more than 800 million individual consumers and more than 88 million businesses worldwide. In addition to credit and demographic data and services to business, Equifax sells credit monitoring and fraud prevention services directly to consumers.

Equifax operates or has investments in 24 countries in the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific. With more than 14,000 employees worldwide, Equifax has nearly US$5 billion in annual revenue and is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol EFX.
Norman Farberow
Norman Louis Farberow (February 12, 1918 – September 10, 2015) was an American psychologist, and one of the founding fathers of modern suicidology. He was among the three founders in 1958 of the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center, which became a base of research into the causes and prevention of suicide.

Suicidology
Suicidology is the scientific study of suicidal behaviour, the causes of suicidality and suicide prevention. Every year, about one million people die by suicide, which is a mortality rate of sixteen per 100,000 or one death every forty seconds. Suicidologists believe that suicide is largely preventable with the right actions, knowledge about suicide, and a change in society's view of suicide to make it more acceptable to talk about suicide. Suicidology draws from many fields of social science, primarily psychology and sociology but also medicine, philosophy and public health.
Median aerodynamic diameter
Median aerodynamic diameter (MAD) is one of two parameters influencing the deposition of inhaled particles, the other being the geometric standard deviation of the particle size distribution. The MAD is the value of aerodynamic diameter for which 50% of some quantity in a given aerosol is associated with particles smaller than the MAD, and 50% of the quantity is associated with particles larger than the MAD. It simplifies the true distribution of aerodynamic diameters of a given aerosol as a single value. It is also used to describe those particle sizes for which deposition depends chiefly on inertial impaction and sedimentation.

Geometric standard deviation
In probability theory and statistics, the geometric standard deviation (GSD) describes how spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean. For such data, it may be preferred to the more usual standard deviation.  Note that unlike the usual arithmetic standard deviation, the geometric standard deviation is a multiplicative factor, and thus is dimensionless, rather than having the same dimension as the input values. Thus, the geometric standard deviation may be more appropriately called geometric SD factor.  When using geometric SD factor in conjunction with geometric mean, it should be described as "the range from (the geometric mean divided by the geometric SD factor) to (the geometric mean multiplied by the geometric SD factor), and one cannot add/subtract  "geometric SD factor" to/from geometric mean.
Sangavin
Sangavin (Persian: سنگاوين, also Romanized as Sangāvīn and Sangābīn) is a village in Shahidabad Rural District, Central District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 296, in 75 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
HMS E42
HMS E42 was a British E-class submarine built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead. She was launched on 22 October 1915 and commissioned in July 1916. She served during the First World War, hitting with a torpedo the battlecruiser SMS Moltke on 25 April 1918 and making an unsuccessful attack on U-92 on 1 July 1918.
E42 was sold for scrap at Poole on 6 September 1922.

Cammell Laird
Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, when that side of the business was separated and became part of the Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage & Wagon Company.
1970 Virginia ballot measures
The 1970 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 3, 1970, the same day as the U.S. Senate and U.S. House elections in the state. The only statewide elections on the ballot were four constitutional referendums  to amend the Virginia State Constitution. All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.

Amendment
An amendment is a formal or official change made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document.  It is based on the verb to amend, which means to change for better.  Amendments can add, remove, or update parts of these agreements.  They are often used when it is better to change the document than to write a new one. Only the legislative branch is involved in the amendment process.
Yaşar Kaya
Yaşar Kaya (born 1938, Kars, Turkey–2016, Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan) was a Kurdish politician and publisher of the pro-Kurdish newspaper Özgür Gündem from Turkey. Together with authors like Ismail Besikçi and Musa Anter, he was a co-founders of the Kurdish Institute of Istanbul in 1992.

İsmail Beşikçi
İsmail Beşikçi (born 1939) is a Turkish sociologist, philosopher, revolutionist, and writer. He is a PEN Honorary Member. He has served 17 years in prison on propaganda charges stemming from his writings about the Kurdish population in Middle East.
Josh Malerman
Josh Malerman is an American novelist, songwriter, movie director, film producer, cartoonist and rhythm guitarist for the rock band The High Strung. He is best known for writing horror and his post-apocalyptic novel, Bird Box (2014), which was the inspiration of the Netflix film Bird Box. In 2020, he founded the production company Spin a Black Yarn with manager Ryan Lewis.

Atomic Monster
Atomic Monster is an American film and television production company, founded on October 21, 2014 by James Wan. The company is known for producing The Conjuring Universe and M3GAN franchises, as well as Lights Out, Mortal Kombat, Malignant and The Monkey.