hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genetic counseling
Genetic counseling is the process of investigating individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This field is considered necessary for the implementation of genomic medicine. The process integrates:

Interpretation of family and medical histories to assess the chance of disease occurrence or recurrence

Education about inheritance, testing, management, prevention, resources

Counseling to promote informed choices, adaptation to the risk or condition and support in reaching out to relatives that are also at risk

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Yalden's rat
Yalden's rat (Desmomys yaldeni)  is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, found only in Ethiopia, where its natural habitat is the montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The rat got its name in honour of Derek Yalden, a zoologist.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Westfield station (Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway)
Westfield station is a historic train station located at Westfield in Chautauqua County, New York. It was constructed in 1904, for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway (absorbed in 1914 by the New York Central Railroad).  It is a 1+1⁄2-story brick, terra cotta, and sandstone structure in the Romanesque style.  It served as the main transfer point for rail passengers destined for the Chautauqua Institution. The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad interurban, serving the eastern part of Chautauqua used the station. The Chautauqua Traction Company, serving the Chautauqua hamlet, used the Nickel Plate Railroad's station in Westfield.

It is co-located with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Freight Depot.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Station.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
PF-06412562
PF-06412562, also known as CVL-562, is a moderately potent and highly selective dopamine D1 and D5 receptor partial agonist which is under development for the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. It is taken orally. The drug has been reported to produce pro-motivational effects in humans. PF-06412562 is under development by Pfizer and Cerevel Therapeutics. As of August 2025, it is in phase 1/2 clinical trials. The drug was also under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and cognition disorders, but development for these indications was discontinued. Its development for Parkinson's disease was discontinued for business reasons unrelated to safety in 2017.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Wrestling at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's freestyle 120 kg
The men's freestyle 120 kg competition of the wrestling events at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, was held on October 23 at the CODE II Gymanasium.  The defending champion was Alexis Rodriguez from Cuba.

This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consisted of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds (and thus the match).

Repechage
Repechage (/ˌrɛpɪˈʃɑːʒ/ ⓘ REP-ish-AHZH, UK also /ˈrɛpɪʃɑːʒ/ REP-ish-ahzh; French: repêchage [ʁəpɛʃaʒ] ⓘ, lit. 'fishing out'  or 'rescuing') is a practice in series competitions that allows participants who failed to meet qualifying standards by a small margin to continue to the next round. A well-known example is the wild card system.
White Loch, Perth and Kinross
White Loch is a small lowland freshwater loch that is located directly to the east of Fingask Loch in the valley of the Lunan Burn and is 1.5 miles south of Blairgowrie, in Perth and Kinross. The loch is also a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), as well as forming part of a Special Area of Conservation.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
1991 Heinz Southern 500
The 1991 Heinz Southern 500 was the 21st stock car race of the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 42nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 1, 1991, in Darlington, South Carolina, at Darlington Raceway, a 1.366 miles (2.198 km) permanent egg-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 367 laps to complete. At race's end, Leo Jackson Motorsports driver Harry Gant would manage to dominate the late stages of the race, leading the final 70 laps of the race to take his 13th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his second victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Morgan–McClure Motorsports driver Ernie Irvan and Hendrick Motorsports driver Ken Schrader would finish second and third, respectively.

Harry Gant
Harold Phil Gant (born January 10, 1940) is an American former stock car racing driver best known for driving the No. 33 Skoal Bandit car on the NASCAR Winston Cup Series circuit during the 1980s and 1990s. Gant won 39 NASCAR races combined between the Cup Series and Busch Series, and had a four-race win streak on the Cup circuit in 1991. Gant had a best result of second in the points championship in 1984.

Gant holds the record for the oldest driver to win a Cup Series race (52). He was known for his many nicknames such as "Handsome Harry", "The Bandit", "High Groove Harry", "Hard Luck Harry", and "Mr. September" for his 1991 win streak.
2024 COSAFA Under-17 Championship
The 2024 COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship (officially known as the TotalEnergies U-17 Africa Cup of Nations 2025 — COSAFA Qualifiers) was the 12th edition of the COSAFA U-17 Youth Championship (and the 4th time the tournament served as the qualifiers for the continental final tournament), the international youth football championship organised by COSAFA for the men's under-17 national teams of Southern Africa. Mozambique was initially designated to host the tournament but was stripped of the hosting rights due to ongoing protests following the 2024 Mozambican general election. It was then moved to Johannesburg, South Africa.

Zambia were the defending champions, having defeated South Africa 2–1 in the final of the previous edition, and they successfully retained their title by defeating Angola 2–1 in the final.

COSAFA
Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (French: Conseil des Associations de Football en Afrique Australe; Portuguese: Conselho das Associações de Futebol da África Austral), officially abbreviated as COSAFA, is an association of the football playing nations in Southern Africa. It is affiliated to CAF.

COSAFA organise several tournaments in the Southern African region, and its most renowned tournament is the COSAFA Cup.
Henri Bernard Beer
Henri Bernard Beer (born April 7, 1909 in Amsterdam, died 1994) was a Dutch inventor and business man. He is known in electrochemistry as the inventor of the mixed metal oxides (MMO) coatings onto titanium, and the creator of two patents known as Beer I and Beer II. He was awarded the Vittorio de Nora-Diamond Shamrock award in 1980, and an honorary doctorate degree by the Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands in 1986.

Eindhoven University of Technology
The Eindhoven University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; TU/e) is a public technical university in the Netherlands, situated in Eindhoven. In 2020–21, around 14,000 students were enrolled in its BSc and MSc programs and around 1350 students were enrolled in its PhD and EngD programs. In 2021, the TU/e employed around 3900 people.

TU/e is the Dutch member of the EuroTech Universities Alliance, a partnership of European universities of science & technology. The other members are Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique (L’X), The Technion, and Technical University of Munich (TUM).
Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico
Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico is a black-and-white photograph taken by Ansel Adams, late in the afternoon on November 1, 1941, from a shoulder of highway US 84 / US 285 in the unincorporated community of Hernandez, New Mexico, United States. The photograph shows the Moon rising in a dominating black sky with low clouds above a collection of modest dwellings, a church and a cross-filled graveyard, with snow-covered mountains in the background. Adams captured a single image, with the sunset lighting the white crosses and buildings. Because Adams did not date the image, attempts have been made to determine a date from astronomical information in the photograph. It is one of Adams' most popular works.

Monochrome photography
Monochrome photography  is photography where each position on an image can record and show a different amount of light (value), but not a different color (hue). The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are black-and-white, either from a gelatin silver process, or as digital photography. Other hues besides grey can be used to create monochrome photography, but brown and sepia tones are the result of older processes like the albumen print, and cyan tones are the product of cyanotype prints.

As monochrome photography provides an inherently less complete reproduction than color photography, it is mostly used for artistic purposes and certain technical imaging applications.
Monica Sinclair
Monica Sinclair (23 March 1925 – 7 May 2002) was a British operatic contralto, who sang many roles with the Royal Opera, Covent Garden during the 1950s and 1960s, and appeared on stage and in recordings with Dame Joan Sutherland, Luciano Pavarotti, Maria Callas, Sir Thomas Beecham, Sir Malcolm Sargent and many others.  She had a great gift for comedy, and sang in recordings of many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas, as well as in recordings from the standard operatic repertory.

Troilus and Cressida (opera)
Troilus and Cressida is the first of the two operas by William Walton, and was premiered in 1954. The libretto was by Christopher Hassall, his own first opera libretto, based on Geoffrey Chaucer's poem Troilus and Criseyde. Walton dedicated the score to his wife, Susana.
No. 7 Squadron IAF
No. 7 Squadron IAF (Battle Axes Gwalior) is a fighter squadron operates as a Special Munitions Delivery and air superiority unit. Based at Gwalior AFS, No. 7 Squadron forms a part of 40 Wing AF, Central Air Command.

It is home to the Indian Air Force's elite Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment (TACDE), a premier unit for advanced fighter pilot training in aerial tactics, comparable to the US Navy's TOPGUN, focusing on operational doctrines and tactics for aircraft

Central Air Command (India)
The Central Air Command is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force. It is currently headquartered in Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh. It was formed on 19 March 1962, at Rani Kuthee, Calcutta.
Rizo
Rizo is a surname of Spanish origin. People with the surname include:

Alex Rizo (born 1968), American politician and educator

Carlos Esplá Rizo (1895–1971), Spanish politician and journalist

Erick Rizo (born 1991), Cuban footballer

Eustacio Rizo (born 1971), Mexican footballer

Eyatne Rizo (born 1995), Cuban handball player

Felipe Ramos Rizo (born 1963), Mexican football referee

Jorge Rizo (born 1952), Cuban water polo player

José Rizo (DJ) (born 1956), Mexican-born American disc jockey

José Rizo Castellón (1944–2019), Nicaraguan politician

Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom (1971–2013), Colombian composer

Marco Rizo (1920–1998), Cuban-born pianist, composer, and arranger

Salvador Rizo (1760–1816), Colombian botanist and painter

Salvador Rizo
Salvador Rizo Blanco (Santa Cruz de Mompox, Viceroyalty of New Granada, ca. 1762 – Bogotá, Viceroyalty of New Granada, 1816) was a botanist and painter who was a person very important during the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada which classified plants and wildlife.
Justice Denied
Justice Denied is a print magazine focusing on issues related to wrongful convictions. The magazine prints stories about wrongful convictions, miscarriages of justice, and criminal justice issues related to prosecution and conviction of innocent people in countries around the world.

Innocence
Innocence is a lack of guilt, with respect to any kind of crime, or wrongdoing. In a legal context, innocence is prior to the sense of legal guilt and is a primal emotion connected with the sense of self. It is often confused as being the opposite of the guilt of an individual, with respect to a crime. In other contexts, it is a lack of experience.
Catalase-related immune-responsive domain
In molecular biology, the catalase-related immune-responsive domain is a protein domain found in catalases. This domain carries the immune-responsive amphipathic octa-peptide that is recognised by T cells.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
1905 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1905 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team had no coach and did not score a point, losing to Cumberland and in the Egg Bowl.

1905 Cumberland Bulldogs football team
The 1905 Cumberland Bulldogs football team represented Cumberland University in the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Led by John Counselman in his first and only season as head coach, Cumberland compiled an overall record of 5–4 with a mark of 3–2 in SIAA play.
Kallazhagar
Kallazhagar (pronounced [kaɭɭːaɻaɡaɾ]) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Bharathi, starring Vijayakanth and Laila. Nassar, Sonu Sood and Manivannan play other supporting roles, while Deva composed the score and soundtrack for the film. It was released on 6 February 1999. This is the Tamil debut of Laila and the debut of Sonu Sood.

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Jaivardhan Singh
Jaivardhan Singh (born 9 July 1986) is an Indian politician and a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress in Madhya Pradesh. He has been a Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Raghogarh since 2013 and served as the Minister of Urban Development and Housing in the Government of Madhya Pradesh from 2018 to 2020. He is the son of Digvijaya Singh, a former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Simple Update Protocol
Simple Update Protocol, or SUP, is a protocol developed by FriendFeed to simplify and speed up RSS and Atom feed updates. Updates from services that supported the protocol would appear on FriendFeed within seconds, until support was dropped. These sites include Disqus, Identi.ca, reddit.

Disqus
Disqus (/dɪsˈkʌs/) is an American blog comment hosting service for websites and online communities that use a networked platform. The company's platform includes various features, such as social integration, social networking, user profiles, spam and moderation tools, analytics, email notifications, and mobile commenting. It was founded in 2007 by Daniel Ha and Jason Yan as a Y Combinator startup.
Manunui
Manunui (Māori: Mananui) is a small Whanganui River settlement, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Taumarunui on State Highway 4, in New Zealand's King Country. It was once known as Waimarino, but John Burnand of the Ellis and Burnand sawmilling firm renamed it Manunui around 1905.

Whanganui River
The Whanganui River is a major river in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the country's third-longest river, and has special status owing to its importance to the region's Māori people. In March 2017 it became the world's second natural resource (after Te Urewera) to be given its own legal identity, with the rights, duties and liabilities of a legal person. The Whanganui Treaty settlement brought the longest-running litigation in New Zealand history to an end.
Joe Keeble
Joseph Bailey Keeble (August 29, 1909 – April 27, 1984) was an American football back who played one season with the Cleveland Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was also a member of the Westwood Cubs, Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Americans.

Back (American football)
In American football, a back is a player who plays away from the line of scrimmage (as opposed to a lineman). Historically, the term "back" was used to describe multiple positions on offense and defense, although more descriptive and specific position naming is now common. Thus, "back" can refer to positions including:
2023 Scottish Rally Championship
The Motorsport UK Scottish Rally Championship is a rallying series run throughout Scotland over the course of a year that comprises both gravel and tarmac surface rallies. The 2023 series will commence on the forest tracks around Inverness on 4 March with the season finale due to take place in Kielder Forest, Northumberland on 21 October. The championship will be sponsored by KNC Groundworks for the fifth year in succession.

Following the Carlisle Stages Rally in October David Henderson and regular co-driver Chris Lees were declared 2023 champions having won four of the eight events in their Ford Fiesta Rally2.

Forest track
Forest tracks or forest roads are roads or tracks intended to carry motorised vehicles or horse-drawn wagons being used mainly or exclusively for forestry purposes, such as conservation or logging. Forest tracks may be open to ramblers or mountain bikers depending on local rules.