hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stewart Bruce (rugby union)
Stewart Armit MacDonald Bruce (17 November 1858 — 6 April 1937) was an Irish international rugby union player.

The son of a lieutenant colonel, Bruce came from a well known County Londonderry family, who were long-time residents of Ballyscullion House, Bellaghy. He was a great grandson of Sir Henry Bruce, 1st Baronet, and a grandson of Navy admiral Sir Henry Bruce.

Bruce attended King William's College on the Isle of Man.

A rugby player in the 1880s, Bruce gained three Ireland caps playing as a forward.

Bruce served as a major with the 18th (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles during World War I.

Royal Ulster Rifles
The Royal Irish Rifles (became the Royal Ulster Rifles from 1 January 1921) was a light infantry rifle regiment of the British Army, first created in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot and the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War, the Second World War, and the Korean War.

In 1968 the Royal Ulster Rifles was amalgamated with the other regiments of the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's), and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers to create the Royal Irish Rangers.
Homalocalyx inerrabundus
Homalocalyx inerrabundus is a member of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.

The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.5 metres (1.6 ft). It blooms between September and November producing violet-pink flowers.

It is found on sand plains in a small are in the Mid West region of Western Australia near Geraldton where it grows in sandy and sandy-loamy soils.

Geraldton
Geraldton (/ˈd͡ʒɛɹəltən/, JER-əl-tən; Wajarri: Jambinu, Wilunyu: Jambinbirri) is a coastal city in the Mid West region of Western Australia, 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of the state capital, Perth.

As of the 2021 census, Geraldton had an urban population of 38,595. Geraldton is the seat of government for the City of Greater Geraldton, which also incorporates the town of Mullewa, Walkaway and large rural areas previously forming the shires of Greenough and Mullewa.

The Port of Geraldton is a major west coast seaport. Geraldton is an important service and logistics centre for regional mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism industries.
Fairfield University Glee Club
The Fairfield University Glee Club is a mixed chorus of about 60 undergraduate and graduate singers at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. The Glee Club has performed in churches, schools and recital and concert halls throughout Europe, singing from Galway to Rome and Florence to London. The choir has performed at Carnegie Hall, the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., Westminster Cathedral in London, the Aula Paolo VI at the Vatican and the U.S. military academies at West Point and Annapolis.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.
José J. Benítez Díaz
José Juan Benítez Díaz (c. November 24, 1865– August 25, 1947) was a Puerto Rican businessman, entrepreneur and Unionista politician. He served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1917 to 1924.

In 1917, Benítez Díaz was elected to the first Senate of Puerto Rico for the Union of Puerto Rico party, representing the District of Humacao. He served in that position until 1924.

During his time in the Senate, he chaired the Senate Appointments Committee and was the second highest-ranking legislator in the Finance Committees; and Trade and Agriculture.

After that, Benítez was the owner of Benítez Sugar Company in Vieques.

José J. Benítez Díaz died on August 25, 1947, at age 81. He was buried at Cementerio San José in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico senatorial district VII
Puerto Rico senatorial district VII, also known as the senatorial district of Humacao, is one of the eight senatorial districts of Puerto Rico. As of the 2024 general elections, it is represented by Wanda Soto Tolentino and Luis Daniel Colón La Santa, both from the New Progressive Party.
Introduction (British House of Commons)
In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, members of the House elected at a by-election must be formally "introduced" to the House. (Members elected at a general election are not introduced.) The ceremony in the Commons is considerably simpler than those in the House of Lords.

By-elections are generally held on Thursdays, and the introduction in the afternoon of the Tuesday after the election. The new Member enters the Chamber along with two other members acting as "supporters" and bows to the Speaker. The Member and supporters then process to the Speaker's table, where the new Member takes the Oath of Allegiance or Solemn Affirmation. Then, the Member signs the Test Roll, at the top of which the Oath is written. Finally, the Member returns to sit along with the rest of his or her party.

Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)
The Oath of Allegiance (also referred to as the Judicial Oath or Official Oath) is a pledge of loyalty to the reigning British monarch, their heirs, and successors, sworn by certain public servants in the United Kingdom, and by new citizens at British citizenship ceremonies. The current wording is prescribed by the Promissory Oaths Act 1868, with alternative solemn affirmations permitted under the Oaths Act 1978. Variants of the basic oath appear in other official oaths for specific roles, including members of Parliament, judges, and armed forces personnel.
Durdura
Durdura is a village in the Pitamahul gram panchayat of Birmaharajpur subdivision, Subarnapur district, Odisha, India. It is located on the side of the road connecting Birmaharajpur and Rairakhol town. The total area of this village is 175.321 acres (0.70950 km2). The Baurijore and Mahanadi rivers flow close to the village.

Subarnapur district
Subarnapur district, also called Sonepur district, is an administrative district in Odisha state in eastern India. The city of Sonepur is the district headquarters. Sonepur is known as the Mandiramalini town (city of temples) of Odisha with more than hundred temples. The people of the Sonepur region are referred to as Sonepuria. From ancient times, Sonepur is considered as a holy city.
Arne Thorén
Björn Arne Jerker Thorén (24 March 1927 – 23 February 2003) was a Swedish journalist and diplomat. As correspondent in the United States he submitted between 7,000 and 8,000 reports for Sveriges Radio and informed the Swedish people of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, of the first man on the moon and of the Watergate scandal. In the 1980s and 1990s, Thorén served as Consul General of Sweden in Chicago and New York City and as Ambassador of Sweden in Iraq.

Össjö
Össjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈœ̌ɧːœ]; formerly Åsbo-Össjö) is a small town in the Ängelholm Municipality of Skåne County in Sweden.  As of 2005 it had a recorded population of 192 and an area of 26 hectares.

The town is the birthplace of musician Marie Fredriksson of the band Roxette.

Össjö Gård, an estate, is located in Össjö. It was built in the years 1814-1815 by Adolf Fredrik Tornérhjelm.

Other notable buildings include the railway station (built in 1904 by the Ängelholm Klippan railway, closed in 1953), and a church which lies at the center of the town.
T-10 tank
The T-10 (also known as Object 730 or IS-8)  was a Soviet heavy tank of the Cold War, the final development of the IS tank series. During development, it was called Object 730.  It was accepted into production in 1953 as the IS-8  (Iosif Stalin, Russian form of Joseph Stalin), but due to the political climate in the wake of Stalin's death in 1953, it was renamed T-10.

The biggest differences from its direct ancestor, the IS-3, were a longer hull, seven pairs of road wheels instead of six, a larger turret mounting a new gun with fume extractor, an improved diesel engine, and increased armour. General performance was similar, although the T-10 could carry more ammunition, from 28 rounds to 30 rounds.

T-10s (like the IS tanks they replaced) were deployed in independent tank regiments belonging to armies, and independent tank battalions belonging to divisions.  These independent tank units could be attached to mechanized units, to support infantry operations and perform breakthroughs.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
David Babunski
David Babunski (Macedonian: Давид Бабунски; born 1 March 1994) is a Macedonian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Macedonian First League club Vardar.

A product of FC Barcelona's La Masia, he played for their reserves before transferring to Red Star Belgrade in January 2016, winning the Serbian SuperLiga in his first season. He later played in Japan, Romania and Hungary.

Babunski has been capped by the Macedonia football team at international level, making his senior debut in 2013.

FK Vardar
FK Vardar (Macedonian: ФК Вардар) is a professional football club based in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, which competes in the Macedonian First League. They are the most successful football club in Macedonia, having won eleven Macedonian First League titles, six Macedonian Cups, two Macedonian Super Cups and one Yugoslav Cup. In 2017, they became the first Macedonian club to qualify for the group stage of a European competition.
Hiroshi Yamamoto (politician)
Hiroshi Yamamoto (山本 博司, Yamamoto Hiroshi; born 1954) is a Japanese politician of the New Komeito Party, a former member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Yawatahama, Ehime and graduate of Keio University, he was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2007 after working at IBM.

Keio University
Keio University (Japanese: 慶應義塾大学, Hepburn: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally established as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo. It was granted university status in 1920, becoming one of the first private universities in the country.

Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.
Baree, Son of Kazan (1918 film)
Baree, Son of Kazan is a 1918 American silent film based on the 1917 adventure novel of the same name by writer James Oliver Curwood. The film was directed by David Smith, the brother of Albert E. Smith, one of the founders of Vitagraph studio. Nell Shipman, an influential female actress and producer, stars in the film. In 1925, David Smith produced a new film based on this novel, starring Anita Stewart.

An incomplete or abridged version of the film survives.

Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907, it was the most prolific American film production company, producing many famous silent films. It was bought by Warner Bros. in 1925.
Short Eyes (film)
Short Eyes is a 1977 American prison drama film directed by Robert M. Young and based on Miguel Piñero's play of the same name. It was filmed in the Manhattan House of Detention for Men, otherwise known as The Tombs.

The Wu-Tang Clan sampled dialogue from the film for the songs "Let My Niggas Live" and "Gravel Pit" in 2000.

Short Eyes (play)
Short Eyes is a 1974 drama written by playwright Miguel Piñero. The play premiered at the Theater of the Riverside Church, was then produced off-Broadway at the Joseph Papp Public Theater on February 28, 1974, and transferred after 54 performances to the Vivian Beaumont Theater on Broadway on May 23, 1974. Short Eyes, prison slang for a child molester, was written for a prisoners' writing workshop during Piñero's incarceration for armed robbery.
Phuntsog self-immolation incident
The Phuntsog self-immolation incident (Chinese: 彭措自焚事件) occurred when a Tibetan Buddhist monk by the name of Rigzin Phuntsog self-immolated on March 16, 2011 in Ngawa County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.  This was followed by another self-immolation incident on September 26, 2011. By March 2012, more than thirty other Tibetans had self-immolated as a protest against Chinese rule of Tibet.

Self-immolation
Self-immolation is the act of setting oneself on fire. It is mostly done for political or religious reasons, often as a form of protest or in acts of martyrdom, and known for its disturbing and violent nature.
Kilcroagh, County Tyrone
Kilcroagh is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, near Castlederg. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney and covers an area of 351 acres.

The name derives from the Irish: Coill Chruaiche (wood of the round hill).

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:

The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a standing stone: the White Stone (grid ref: H2554 8487) which stands over 1.5m high and is made almost entirely of quartz, hence the local name.

Castlederg
Castlederg (earlier Caslanadergy, from Irish Caisleán na Deirge, meaning 'castle on the Derg') is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Derg and is near the border with County Donegal, Ireland. It stands in the townlands of Castlesessagh and Churchtown, in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney. The town has a ruined castle and two ancient tombs known as the Druid's Altar and Todd's Den. It had a population of 2,980 people at the 2021 census.

The town hosts some of the district's key events each year, including the Derg Vintage Rally, Dergfest music festival, Red River Festival and the traditional Apple Fair.

Castlederg was a traveller's stop along the ancient pilgrimage route to Station Island on Lough Derg. The town boasts ancient ruins and monastic settlements.
2022 Open Angers Arena Loire
The 2022 Open P2I Angers Arena Loire was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2022 WTA 125 tournaments season, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place in Angers, France from 5 to 11 December 2022.

Katarina Zavatska
Katarina Vitaliivna Zavatska (Ukrainian: Катаріна Віталіївна Завацька; born 5 February 2000) is a Ukrainian tennis player.
Zavatska has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 103, achieved February 2020, and a best doubles ranking of 337, reached on 14 June 2021. She has won nine singles titles and two doubles titles at tournaments of the ITF Circuit.
Cruz Verde Airport
Cruz Verde Airport (ICAO: SKCE) is an airport serving the city of Ibagué, in the Tolima Department of Colombia. The runway is 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) south of Perales Airport, the city's main airport, and runs alongside Picaleña Avenue (Avenida Picaleña).

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Roseway
Roseway is a wooden gaff-rigged schooner launched on 24 November 1925 in Essex, Massachusetts.  She is currently operated by World Ocean School, a non-profit educational organization based in Boston, Massachusetts, and is normally operated out of Boston, Massachusetts and Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.  She was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997 as the only known surviving example of a fishing schooner built specifically with racing competition as an objective. In 1941, Roseway was purchased by the Boston Pilot's Association to serve as a pilot boat for Boston Harbor, as a replacement for the pilot-boat Northern Light, which was sold to the United States Army for war service.

Essex, Massachusetts
Essex is a coastal town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 26 miles (42 km) north of Boston and 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Newburyport. It is known for its former role as a center of shipbuilding. The population was 3,675 at the 2020 census.

The central village areas of Essex and South Essex make up the census-designated place of Essex.
Walled Lake Western High School
Walled Lake Western High School (also known as "Walled Lake Western," "Western," or "WLW"), is a public high school of the Walled Lake Consolidated School District, located in Commerce Township, Michigan in Greater Detroit. The school serves portions of the township, most of Walled Lake, most of Wixom and portions of Novi.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.
New York State Route 230
New York State Route 230 (NY 230) is a state highway in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States.  NY 230 is an east–west highway between the eastern edge of Steuben County to the interior of adjacent Yates County. The western terminus of NY 230 is the community of Keuka in the town of Wayne on the edge of Keuka Lake at NY 54.  The eastern terminus is at its junction with NY 14A in the town of Barrington, west of the village of Dundee.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.
Electric sonic amplitude
Electric sonic amplitude or electroacoustic sonic amplitude is an electroacoustic phenomenon that is the reverse to colloid vibration current. It occurs in colloids, emulsions and other heterogeneous fluids under the influence of an oscillating electric field. This field moves particles relative to the liquid, which generates ultrasound.

Electric sonic amplitude was experimentally discovered by Oja and co-authors in the early 1980s. It is also widely used for characterizing zeta potential in dispersions and emulsions. There is review of the theory of this effect, its experimental verification, and multiple applications published by Hunter.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Demarketing
Demarketing may be considered “unselling” or “marketing in reverse”, which includes general and selective demarketing.

Although the concept of demarketing lacks a precise theoretical definition, it refers to an attempt by the firm to discourage all or some of its customers from making purchases either temporarily or permanently. Since the initial interests in the subject area of how to market strategically in times of shortages began, different viewpoints have been offered as to how the firm should pursue demarketing.

Theoretical definition
A theoretical definition defines a term in an academic discipline, functioning as a proposal to see a phenomenon in a certain way. A theoretical definition is a proposed way of thinking about potentially related events. Theoretical definitions contain built-in theories; they cannot be simply reduced to describing a set of observations. The definition may contain implicit inductions and deductive consequences that are part of the theory. A theoretical definition of a term can change, over time, based on the methods in the field that created it.

Without a falsifiable operational definition, conceptual definitions assume both knowledge and acceptance of the theories that it depends on. A hypothetical construct may serve as a theoretical definition, as can a stipulative definition.
Corsica Cola
Corsica Cola is a regional cola distributed by the Corsican brewery Pietra (owner of the brand) but produced in Cholet in western France.

Corsica Cola benefited from an unexpected kick start during its launch in May 2003: a heat wave. The stock was exhausted in two months. On the 31 December 2003 in Corsica alone, the small company sold 1.5 million bottles. According to Armelle Sialelli, director of the Pietra brewery, previously the creator of Corsican chestnut beer, the goal was to have a product that was highly thirst-quenching.

Chestnut
Chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.