hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Carter (composer)
William Carter (7 December 1838 – 1917) was an English composer, conductor, and organist. He began a lengthy career as an organist at mainly churches in London at the age of nine. In 1859 and 1860 he spent one year in Canada as the organist at Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Quebec, during which time he staged what was possibly the largest Handel Festival in Canada at that time. As a composer he is known for his liturgical anthems for chorus and organ, sacred works for organ, the oratorio Placida, the Christian Martyr (1872), and Cantata Domino in E (1891). He founded and conducted the original choir at Royal Albert Hall, a group he led at that concert hall's grand opening in 1871.

Liturgical music
Liturgical music originated as a part of religious ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern. Liturgical music is well known as a part of Catholic Mass, the Anglican Holy Communion service (or Eucharist) and Evensong, the Lutheran Divine Service, the Orthodox liturgy, and other Christian services, including the Divine Office.

The qualities that create the distinctive character of liturgical music are based on the notion that liturgical music is conceived and composed according to the norms and needs of the various historic liturgies of particular denominations.
Paul Costermans
Paul-Marie-Adolphe Costermans (2 April 1860 – 9 March 1905) was a Belgian soldier and colonial civil servant. After a brief career in the Belgian Army, Costermans enlisted for service in the military of the Congo Free State, the Force Publique, in 1890 and later served in the colony's administration. During several periods of service in the colony, Costermans rose through the ranks. Between 1904 and his death in 1905, he held the position of Vice Governor-General of the Congo.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Maxime Gremetz
Maxime Gremetz (born September 3, 1940 in Canchy, Somme) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the Somme's 1st constituency,  and is a member of the French Communist Party and Gauche démocrate et républicaine.

Canchy, Somme
Canchy (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃ʃi] ⓘ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

There was a station on the Réseau des Bains de Mer which opened on 19 June 1892 and closed on 10 March 1947.
Liu Shikun
Liu Shikun (simplified Chinese: 刘诗昆; traditional Chinese: 劉詩昆; pinyin: Liú Shīkūn; born March 8, 1939) is a Chinese pianist and composer.

He began his piano training at the age of three and started publicly performing by the age of five. He won third prize and the Special Prize of the Liszt International Piano Competition in Budapest in 1956 and was awarded a strand of Franz Liszt's hair. In 1958, he shared with Lev Vlassenko the second prize in the First Tchaikovsky International Piano Competition in Moscow.

Liu became one of China's top concert performers until 1966, when the Cultural Revolution and the Gang of Four attacked the country; Western music was banned and, along with thousands of other artists, Liu was arrested. He stayed in prison for eight years.

Liu studied at Beijing's Central Conservatory of Music and graduated from the Moscow Conservatory of Music.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Bird of Jannah
Bird of Jannah (also known by the name Dr. Shams or the nom de guerre Umm al-Baraa) is a woman who left Malaysia in February 2014 and traveled to Syria to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. She was notable for her Tumblr blog, "Diary Of A Muhajirah", which described her decision to travel to Syria, and her life once she'd arrived there. She also had accounts on Twitter and Ask.fm. Her social media posts attracted international attention.

Ask.fm
ASKfm (Ask.fm until 14 January 2016) was a Latvian question and answer network launched in June 2010 as a competitor to Formspring. After registration, the user filled out their profile and could ask questions (anonymously or openly), reply on their profile, create photo polls. Also from 2021, app users could communicate anonymously or openly in public chats or tête-à-tête in private chats. The platform had 300 million registered users as of November 2021.

The site was founded in 2010 in Riga, Latvia. Its headquarters was moved to Dublin, Ireland following its 2014 acquisition by IAC (who also own Ask.com).

ASKfm was officially shutdown 1 December 2024 following an announcement made by their administrators.
Matt Nokes
Matthew Dodge Nokes (born October 31, 1963) is an American former professional baseball catcher and designated hitter. He played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants (1985), the Detroit Tigers (1986–1990), New York Yankees (1990–1994), the Baltimore Orioles, and the Colorado Rockies (1995). Nokes batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He also had experience at first base, third base, and left and right fields.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.
Didn't It Rain
"Didn't It Rain", sometimes given as "Oh, Didn't It Rain", is a spiritual about Noah's flood. In 1919 it appeared as sheet music in an arrangement for voice and piano by Henry Thacker Burleigh (1866–1949).

Harry Burleigh
Harry Burleigh (born Henry Thacker Burleigh, December 2, 1866 – September 12, 1949) was an American classical composer, arranger, and professional singer known for his baritone voice. The first black composer who was instrumental in developing characteristically American music, Burleigh made black music available to classically trained artists both by introducing them to spirituals and by arranging spirituals in a more classical form.
Burleigh also introduced Antonín Dvořák to Black American music, which influenced some of Dvořák's most famous compositions and led him to say that Black music would be the basis of an American classical music.
Goginan
Goginan is a small village in Ceredigion, Wales, about 7 miles outside Aberystwyth on the A44 between Ponterwyd and Capel Bangor. Afon Melindwr runs through the village, and is a tributary of the Afon Rheidol.

The village originally grew around farms in the area, but increased with the development of local mines.

To the east of the villages lies a Grade II Listed 19th century house thought to be associated with the lead mines in the area; it is probably the Goginan mine manager's house. Cadw Building ID: 9857.

Afon Rheidol
Afon Rheidol (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈr̥ei̯dɔl]; also known as the River Rheidol) is a river in Ceredigion, Wales, 19 miles (31 km) in length. The source is Plynlimon. Receiving an average annual rainfall of over 1,800mm, Plynlimon is also the source of both the Wye and the Severn.
Brittney Tam
Brittney Shannon Tam (born 23 August 1997) is a Canadian badminton player. In 2012, she won a silver medal at the Pan Am Junior Badminton Championships in the mixed doubles event. In 2016, she won the gold medal in the mixed team event at the Pan Am Badminton Championships. In the individual event, she won the gold medals in the women's singles and mixed doubles event. She competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast.

Pan Am Junior Badminton Championships
The Pan Am Junior Badminton Championships is a tournament organized for the 29th time in July 2021 by the Badminton Pan Am (BPA) confederation to crown the best badminton junior players in the Americas.

The tournament is played in a juniors mixed team event for under 19 and a juniors individual event for different age groups simultaneously.  Member countries of Badminton Pan Am can apply in advance as candidates to organize the event. The Pan Am Junior Team Badminton Championship is being played annually for the Charles Nowles Memorial Trophy.
Elgar Howarth
Elgar Howarth (4 November 1935 – 13 January 2025) was an English conductor, composer and trumpeter. Grove noted that "his performances are marked by powerful concentration and a clear communication of sometimes complex scores". He conducted many world premieres, including Ligeti's Le Grand Macabre and four operas by Harrison Birtwistle. He composed mainly music for brass instruments and brass bands, some under the pseudonym W. Hogarth Lear. As a player, he was one of the trumpeters who performed with the Beatles on the song "Magical Mystery Tour". The author of a feature article about Howarth in 1999 wrote that "as trumpeter, composer and conductor, he has featured in many of the important musical developments in the UK and beyond over the past 40 years".

Brass band
A brass band is a musical ensemble generally consisting primarily of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles that include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands (particularly in the context of New Orleans and Japan–style brass bands), but may be more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, or "brass and reed" bands.
Løvliebreen
Løvliebreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about five kilometers, and is located between the mountain ranges of Gunnar Knudsenfjella and Holmesletfjella. The glacier debouches northwards towards St. Jonsfjorden. It is named after Norwegian businessperson Andreas Løvlie along with the nearby mountain of Løvliefjellet.

St. Jonsfjorden
St. Jonsfjorden is a fjord in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of 21 kilometer, and opens westwards into the strait of Forlandsundet. Several glaciers debouche into the fjord, including Gaffelbreen and Konowbreen from the north, a merge of Osbornebreen, Devikbreen, Vintervegen, Paulbreen and Bukkebreen at the bottom, and Vegardbreen, Charlesbreen and Bullbreen from the south.
2013 BWF World Championships – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles tournament of the 2013 BWF World Championships (World Badminton Championships) was held from August 5 to 11. Zhang Nan and Zhao Yunlei were the defending champions.

Tontowi Ahmad and Lilyana Natsir defeated Xu Chen and Ma Jin 21–13, 16–21, 22–20 in the final.

Xu Chen
Xu Chen (Chinese: 徐晨; pinyin: Xú Chén; born 29 November 1984) is a badminton player from China. In 2010, he (along with his partner Guo Zhendong) was ranked within the top 10 men's badminton doubles in the world.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the mixed doubles with Ma Jin, winning the silver medal.  In the final they lost to Zhang Nan and Zhao Yunlei, also from China. He married a former Chinese national badminton team player, Pan Pan in 2011 and held a wedding ceremony on 3 June 2014.
Bushymouth catfish
The bushymouth catfish (Ancistrus dolichopterus) is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Guyana. It is found in the middle Amazon basin and in the basins of the Rio Negro, the lower Trombetas, the Tefé, the Madeira and the Tapajós Rivers. This species grows to a length of 11.8 centimetres (4.6 in) SL. This species is found in the aquarium trade.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Athletics at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's shot put F40
The Women's shot put F40 event for les autres (athletes with dwarfism) was held at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the Athens Olympic Stadium. It was won by Afrah Gomdi, representing  Tunisia.

26 Sept. 2004, 17:00

Afrah Gomdi
Afrah Gomdi is a Paralympian athlete from Tunisia competing mainly in category F40 throwing events.

Afrah competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens where she won gold medals in both the F40 javelin and shot put and picked up the silver in the F40 discus.
Terry Reid (rugby union)
Terrence William Reid (20 September 1934 — 30 April 2017) was an Australian rugby union international.

Reid, raised in Sydney's eastern suburbs, was educated at Randwick Boys High School, representing Combined High Schools in both rugby union and water polo. He was a product of Randwick juniors.

A lightly built flanker, Reid was capped five times by the Wallabies, debuting against Fiji at the Exhibition Ground, Brisbane in 1961. Later that year, Reid made the Wallabies team for the tour of South Africa.

Reid made 10 appearances for New South Wales and played over 100 first-grade games for Randwick.

1961 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa
The 1961 Australia rugby union tour of Southern Africa was a series of six rugby union matches played by the Wallabies in July and August 1961.

The test series was won by the Springboks with two wins from two matches.
Rodríguez de Mendoza province
Rodríguez de Mendoza is a province of the Amazonas Region, Peru. It is located in the southeast part of the department of Amazonas. It borders on the west with the province of Chachapoyas and on the north, east and south with the department of San Martin. It was created by law 7626 on October 31, 1932 and its capital is Mendoza.

The province has an enormous importance because of the fertility of its soils, its benign climate and the big rivers that pass through its territory. Between these rivers we have San Antonio, Aiña, Pachca, Omia and Shocol or Milpuc. In its extensive tropical forests, there are spectacled bears and one variety of hummingbird (Loddigesia mirabilis).

Department of San Martín
San Martín (Spanish pronunciation: [sanmaɾˈtin]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's north, most of the department is located in the upper part of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Moyobamba and the largest city in the department is Tarapoto.
Exoteleia nepheos
Exoteleia nepheos, the pine candle moth, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from southern Ontario and northern Ohio.

The wingspan is 9–11 mm. Adults are on wing from early July to early August in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Pinus resinosa, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus mugo. .

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark.
The Cleverest
The Cleverest (Russian: Самый Умный, Ukrainian: Найрозумніший) is the Russian-Ukrainian version of the British Game show Britain's Brainiest Kid.

It was the winner of the TV contest TEFI. It was hosted by Tina Kandelaki (from 2003 to 2012), Lyudmila Dobrovolskaya (in 2013). It was first aired on March 8, 2003. The last episode aired on June 23, 2013.

Britain's Brainiest
Britain's Brainiest is a British television quiz show produced by Celador and aired on ITV. The show originally aired as a one-off special ad Britain's Brainiest Kid on 9 August 2001, hosted by Carol Vorderman. An adult series ran from 2 January to 6 February 2002 and a subsequent kids series aired from 9 to 31 December 2002.
Mohombi
Mohombi Nzasi Moupondo (born 17 October 1986) is a Congolese-Swedish musician, singer, composer and dancer. He grew up in Norsborg and Kista near Stockholm. Mohombi was RedOne's first signing to 2101 Records in joint venture with Universal Music Group. From 2000 to 2008, Mohombi was part of the Swedish hip hop group Avalon with his brother Djo Moupondo. Mohombi released his debut solo single "Bumpy Ride" in August 2010. The single became a worldwide hit, and charted in the top-ten in several countries, and was followed by his debut studio album MoveMeant in February 2011.

Melodifestivalen 2019
Melodifestivalen 2019 was the 59th edition of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen and was held from 2 February to 9 March 2019. Presenters were Sarah Dawn Finer, Kodjo Akolor, Marika Carlsson and Eric Saade. Edward af Sillén returned as a consultant and adviser, producing various interval acts for the hosts. The winner of the contest is John Lundvik with the song "Too Late for Love". He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel, finishing in 5th place.
2022 Korea Open – Women's doubles
Kristina Mladenovic and Yanina Wickmayer defeated Asia Muhammad and Sabrina Santamaria in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 2022 Korea Open.

Choi Ji-hee and Han Na-lae were the defending champions from when the event was a WTA 125 tournament, but chose to compete with different partners this year. Choi partnered Park So-hyun, but lost in the first round to Ekaterina Alexandrova and Yana Sizikova. Han partnered Jang Su-jeong, but lost in the semifinals to Muhammad and Santamaria.

Jang Su-jeong
Jang Su-jeong (Korean: 장수정; Hanja: 張修貞; born 13 March 1995) is a South Korean professional tennis player. 
On 11 July 2022, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 114. On 22 May 2023, she peaked at No. 82 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Jang has won one singles and one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won 12 tournaments in singles and 17 in doubles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for South Korea in the Billie Jean King Cup, Jang has a win-loss record of 18–11 as of February 2025.
Kristina Fetters
Kristina Joy Fetters (February 5, 1980 – July 27, 2014) was an Iowa woman who was convicted of the murder of her 73-year-old great-aunt, Arlene Klehm, on October 25, 1994, when she was 14 years old. At age 15, Fetters became the youngest female in Iowa sentenced to life in prison without parole on December 18, 1995. Following the 2012 Supreme Court decision of Miller v. Alabama, which declared mandatory life sentences for juvenile offenders to be unconstitutional, Fetters became the first inmate in Iowa to be re-sentenced in November 2013. The following month, she was recommended for compassionate parole due to a prognosis of inoperable stage-four breast cancer, and she was released to a hospice care center in Des Moines, Iowa in December 2013. She succumbed to her cancer in July 2014, at age 34.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Ricardo Miranda
Ricardo Miranda ECA (born August 22, 1976) is a Canadian politician and trade unionist who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 2015 Alberta general election representing the electoral district of Calgary-Cross.

On February 2, 2016, Miranda was appointed Alberta's Minister of Culture and Tourism.

Executive Council of Alberta
The Executive Council of Alberta (the Cabinet) is a body of ministers of the Crown in right of Alberta, who along with the lieutenant governor, exercises the powers of the Government of Alberta. Ministers are selected by the premier and typically (but not always) sit as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). It is the provincial equivalent to the federal Cabinet of Canada.
Tejanos
Tejanos (/teɪˈhɑːnoʊz/ tay-HAH-nohz, Spanish: [teˈxanos]) are descendants of mostly Native Americans, but also Texas Creoles and Mestizos who settled in Texas before its admission as an American state. The term is also sometimes applied to Texans of Mexican descent.

Goliad, Texas
Goliad (/ˈɡoʊliæd/ GOH-lee-ad) is a city and the county seat of Goliad County, Texas, United States.  It is known for the 1836 Goliad massacre during the Texas Revolution. It had a population of 1,620 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Victoria, Texas, metropolitan statistical area.
Zephyrium (Paphlagonia)
Zephyrium or Zephyrion (Ancient Greek: Ζεφύριον) was a town of ancient Paphlagonia, located 60 stadia to the west of Cape Carambis, mentioned by several ancient authors.

Its site is located near Doğanyurt in Asiatic Turkey.

Doğanyurt
Doğanyurt, formerly Hoşalay, is a small town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Doğanyurt District. Its population is 1100 (2025).

Kerembe Burnu, the ancient Cape Karambis, is located to the northwest of Doğanyurt. The promontory, 225 km distant from  the Sarych headland, is the nearest point on the Anatolian coast to the Crimean Peninsula and has for centuries served as a nautical landmark for those seeking to cross the Black Sea at its narrowest point.
Presenting Thad Jones/Mel Lewis and the Jazz Orchestra
Presenting Thad Jones/Mel Lewis & The Jazz Orchestra is a 1966 big band jazz album recorded by the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra and released on the Solid State Records label.  It is the debut release by the orchestra (although an earlier live session recording would eventually be released as Opening Night).  All tracks are also included on Mosaic's limited edition boxed set, The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra.

The track titled "Three in One" is incorrectly labeled on the album cover. The correct title of the piece is "Three and One." The piece was originally written by Jones for a 1958 small group session titled "Keepin' Up With The Joneses" with Thad, his two siblings (Hank on piano and Elvin on drums), and bass player Eddie Jones (no relation). The title refers to the three Jones siblings plus one other Jones who is unrelated. The correct title is on the original parts as well as the later published version by Kendor.

The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra
The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra is a Mosaic Records limited edition compilation of all previously released songs from the five Solid State Records (later Blue Note) instrumental releases of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra.   Several unissued and/or alternate takes from the original album recording sessions are also included as well as two songs previously released only as a single.