hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Problem of time
In theoretical physics, the problem of time is a conceptual conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity.  Quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time as malleable and relative. This problem raises the question of what time really is in a physical sense and whether it is truly a real, distinct phenomenon. It also involves the related question of why time seems to flow in a single direction, despite the fact that no known physical laws at the microscopic level seem to require a single direction.

Lee Smolin
Lee Smolin (/ˈsmoʊlɪn/; born June 6, 1955) is an American theoretical physicist, a founding member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo, and a member of the graduate faculty of the philosophy department at the University of Toronto. Smolin's 2006 book The Trouble with Physics criticized string theory's viability. He has made contributions to quantum gravity theory, in particular the approach known as loop quantum gravity. He advocates that the two primary approaches to quantum gravity, loop quantum gravity and string theory, can be reconciled as different aspects of the same underlying theory. He also advocates an alternative view on space and time that he calls temporal naturalism. His research interests also include cosmology, elementary particle theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and theoretical biology.
Federated architecture
Federated architecture (FA) is a pattern in enterprise architecture that allows interoperability and information sharing between semi-autonomous de-centrally organized lines of business (LOBs), information technology systems and applications.

Architecture areas of concern

Organisational architecture

Business architecture

Process architecture

Information architecture

This is an approach to the coordinated sharing and exchange of information which is organized by models, which are describing common concepts and behavior. The pattern emphasizes a controlled sharing and exchange of information among autonomous components by communication via messages. Highest possible autonomy shall be given to the different cooperating components. In return they are expected to adhere to common models by using defined interfaces.

Organizational architecture
Organizational architecture, also known as organizational design, is a field concerned with the creation of roles, processes, and formal reporting relationships in an organization. It refers to architecture metaphorically, as a structure which fleshes out the organizations. The various features of a business's organizational architecture has to be internally consistent in strategy, architecture and competitive environment.

It provides the framework through which an organization aims to realize its core qualities as specified in its vision statement. It provides the infrastructure into which business processes are deployed and ensures that the organization's core qualities are realized across the business processes deployed within the organization. In this way, organizations aim to consistently realize their core qualities across the services they offer to their clients. This perspective on organizational architecture is elaborated below.
Carol Smidts
Carol Sophie Smidts is a Belgian engineer who works in the US as a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Ohio State University, where she directs the Reliability and Risk Laboratory and the Nuclear Engineering Program. Her research focus is on reliability engineering and probabilistic risk assessment, originally for applications in nuclear engineering and more recently for applications in software engineering.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Michelle Spring
Michelle Stanworth (born 1947) is a Canadian sociologist and writer of mystery fiction, who has published both academic work under her own name and mystery fiction under the pen name Michelle Spring. She is most noted for her 2001 novel In the Midnight Hour, which won the Arthur Ellis Award for Best Novel in 2002.

Born in Victoria, British Columbia, Spring spent much of her adult life in Cambridge, England, where she was a professor of sociology at Anglia Ruskin University. She published her debut novel, Every Breath You Take, in 1994, and received an Arthur Ellis Award nomination for Best First Novel in 1995. Her third novel, Standing in the Shadows, was published in 1998 and garnered Spring an Arthur Ellis Award nomination for Best Novel in 1999.

Most of her crime novels centred on private detective Laura Principal. She has also published one crime novel with a different protagonist, a non-fiction guide to mystery fiction writing, and several non-fiction books on sociology.

Anglia Ruskin University
Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) is a public research university in the region of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Its origins date back to the Cambridge School of Art (CSA), founded in 1858 by William John Beamont, a Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. The institution became a university in 1992 and was renamed after John Ruskin, the Oxford University professor and author, in 2005. Ruskin delivered the inaugural speech at the Cambridge School of Art in 1858. ARU is classified as one of the "post-1992 universities." The university's motto is in Latin: Excellentia per societatem, which translates to Excellence through partnership in English.

As of 2022, Anglia Ruskin had 35,195 students. ARU has six campuses across the south-eastern portion of the United Kingdom in Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Greater London.
Krutikha, Krutikhinsky District, Altai Krai
Krutikha (Russian: Крутиха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Krutikhinsky District of Altai Krai, Russia. Population:  3,804 (2010 census); 4,328 (2002 census); 4,199 (1989 Soviet census).

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Ludmila Manicler
Ludmila Manicler (born 6 July 1987) is an Argentine footballer and futsal player who plays as a forward. She is a former member of the Argentina women's national team.

She's 163 cm tall and has a weight of 48.40 kg. She previously played for FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.

Manicler scored the first Argentine goal in an olympic competition on the 1–2 defeat against Canada at the 2008 Summer Olympics women's tournament.
Her first international competition was the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, where she scored 3 goals.

Manicler has also played for Club Atlético Independiente in Argentina and Santiago Morning of Chile's Women 1st Division.

2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship
The 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship was held in Russia from 17 August to 3 September 2006. It was the officially recognized world championship for women's under-20 national association football teams. Matches were held in four Moscow stadiums (Dynamo, Lokomotiv, Podmoskovie Stadium and Torpedo Stadium) and one in Saint Petersburg (Petrovsky Stadium).

This was the third women's world youth championship organized by FIFA, but the first with an age limit of 20. The first two events, held in Canada in 2002 and Thailand in 2004, had an age limit of 19. FIFA changed the age limit to prepare for the creation of an under-17 championship in 2008.

North Korea won the tournament. They became the first Asian team to win a FIFA women's tournament and the first Asian football team to win any FIFA tournaments since Saudi Arabia's triumph in the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship. The official mascot is a little fox called Alissa.
Kickboxer (film series)
Kickboxer is an American action film franchise that totals seven titles. The first instalment, released in 1989, revolves around a character named Kurt Sloane, played by Jean-Claude Van Damme. As Van Damme opted out of doing Kickboxer 2 to work on Double Impact, the second through fourth instalments focus on the character David Sloane, played by Sasha Mitchell, the younger brother to Van Damme's character. Redemption: Kickboxer 5 (simply titled The Redemption in the opening title card) focuses on Matt Reeves, played by Mark Dacascos, a friend of the Sloane family.

After a long hiatus, a sixth entry was made, titled Kickboxer: Vengeance, which serves as a reboot to the storyline, with Alain Moussi portraying Kurt Sloane and Van Damme playing his trainer. The seventh entry, titled Kickboxer: Retaliation, is a direct sequel to Kickboxer: Vengeance. An eighth film, titled Kickboxer: Armageddon, is in the works.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Por Intharapalit
Por Intharapalit (Thai: ป. อินทรปาลิต) was the pen name of Pricha Intharapalit (Thai: ปรีชา อินทรปาลิต; 12 May 1910 – 25 September 1968), a Thai humorist and writer. Among his works was the Samgler (Thai: สามเกลอ, lit. 'three chums') series of comic short stories, of which he wrote nearly 2,000. He also wrote a novelisation of the battle of Bang Rajan. These works have been cited by Thai scholars among the 100 books that must be read by Thais.

The first book in the Samgler series, Ai Phuying (Thai: อายผู้หญิง; lit. 'shy around women'), was written in 1938, and immediately became a best-seller, selling 20,000 copies in its first week. The stories all revolve around three playboy friends and their families. The series seen by historians and literary experts as providing witty glimpses of Bangkok high society from 1938 to 1968, making the mention over the decades of actual restaurants, nightclubs, and celebrities.

Humorist
A humorist is an intellectual who uses humor, or wit, in writing or public speaking. A raconteur is one who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

Henri Bergson writes that a humorist's work grows from viewing the morals of society.

The term comedian is generally applied to one who is performing to an audience for laughter.
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
The Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik (English: German Institute of Urban Affairs) is a German think tank. It conducts research on urban development in Germany and in other German-speaking countries or regions.

The institute was founded by the German Association of Cities on 15 February 1973, and was named on 1 October 1973. It is headquartered in Berlin, runs a branch in Cologne and is structured as a company with limited liability.

Deutscher Städtetag
The Deutscher Städtetag ('Association of German Cities') is an organization that represents interests of cities in Germany. The plans to establish the organization took place in Dresden in 1903. Its first meeting was held on November 27, 1905, in Berlin. It was dissolved in 1933, then re-formed in 1945. As of 2024 some 200 cities comprise its direct membership. The association's mission centers on sustaining the guarantee of local self-governance specified in the Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German constitution), Article 28, paragraph 2.
Siliconia
"Siliconia" is the second episode of Red Dwarf XII and the 69th in the series run. Originally broadcast on the British television channel Dave on 19 October 2017, it was made available early on 12 October 2017 on UKTV Play.

The crew are kidnapped by a militant group of mechanoid insurgents known as the MILF (Mechanoid Intergalactic Liberation Front), "liberating" Kryten from his servitude, and converting Lister, Rimmer, and Cat into mechanoids themselves.

U&Dave
U&Dave is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It is known for broadcasting modern comedy and factual programming, with both original production and repeats.

Launched in October 1998 as UK Gold Classics, the channel would undergo various identity and format changes before adopting the Dave branding on 15 October 2007. It was renamed U&Dave in July 2024 to mark the streaming service UKTV Play being renamed as U.

U&DaveJaVu is its sister timeshift channel. Unlike other commercial channels, it doesn't have a "+1" next to it and is named after the term déjà vu.
Ferzikovo
Ferzikovo (Russian: Фе́рзиково) is an urban locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Ferzikovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located 32 kilometers (20 mi) east of Kaluga and approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) south of the Kaluga–Tarusa route. Population: 4,472 (2021 Census); 4,696 (2010 Census); 4,392 (2002 Census); 4,570 (1989 Soviet census). Postal code: 249800. Dialing code: +7 48437.

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
James Haward Taylor
James Haward Taylor FRS (24 February 1909;–25 January 1968) was a British geologist who served as president of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland from 1963 to 1965.

He was educated at Clifton College, King's College London (BSc with 1st Class Hons, AKC, Jelf Medal (Natural Science)), Harvard University (AM, 1934), and the University of London (PhD, 1936).

He was Professor of Geology at King's College London. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1960.

Richard William Jelf
Richard William Jelf (25 January 1798 – 19 September 1871) was the fourth Principal of King's College, London.

He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, and was subsequently made a  Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. He served as canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and Principal of King's College, London, from 1844 to 1868.
Robert Joachim
Robert Friedrich Joachim (13 January 1987 – 25 November 2020) was a German male weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing Germany at international competitions.

He competed at the World Weightlifting Championships in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018.

In the 69 kg class at the European Weightlifting Championships, Joachim competed in 2016, won all-around bronze in 2017 (with silver in clean and jerk) and all-around silver in 2018 (with bronze in clean and jerk).

2018 European Weightlifting Championships
The 2018 European Weightlifting Championships was held at the Complexul Olimpic Izvorani in Bucharest, Romania from 26 March to 1 April 2018.

Some countries were banned from competing at the championships due to their history of doping at previous Olympic Games. International Weightlifting Federation rules state that any country that had three positive tests uncovered by the International Olympic Committee during re-testing of stored urine samples for banned substances from the 2008 Olympic Games and 2012 Olympic Games would be banned. The banned countries are: Russia, Armenia, Turkey, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus and Azerbaijan.
Firing Squad (album)
Firing Squad is the second studio album by the American hip hop duo M.O.P., from Brownsville, New York. It was released on October 22, 1996, via Relativity Records. It was produced by DJ Premier, Big Jaz, Ali Dee, M.O.P. & Laze E Laze and it also features a guest appearance from Kool G Rap. The whole album was mixed and overseen by DJ Premier, who continued the work for the next two M.O.P. albums. The album is broken down track-by-track by M.O.P. in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique.

Ali Dee Theodore
Ali Theodore, known professionally as Ali Dee Theodore, is an American rapper, composer, songwriter, business owner, and music producer, based in Manhattan, New York City. He is also the founder and owner of the now-closed DeeTown Entertainment and, with partner Dave Jordan, founder of the publishing company Canvas 1 from 2002 to 2012, which was affiliated with BMI.
The Swan Princess (soundtrack)
The Swan Princess: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to the animated feature The Swan Princess. It contains the songs from the film written by Lex de Azevedo and David Zippel, as well as the film's score composed and conducted by Lex de Azevedo, and additional score conducted by Larry Bastian. The score was orchestrated by Lex de Azevedo, Larry Bastian, and Larry Schwartz. The single "Far Longer than Forever" performed by Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1995 for Best Original Song.

Jeffrey Osborne
Jeffrey Linton Osborne (born March 9, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and lyricist. He is the former drummer and lead singer of the American R&B/soul group L.T.D., with whom he began his musical career in 1970. In 2024, Osborne was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.
Gymnosporangium sabinae
Gymnosporangium sabinae is a species of rust fungus in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Known as pear rust, European pear rust, or pear trellis rust, it is a heteroecious plant pathogen with Juniperus sabina (savin juniper) as the main primary (telial) host and Pyrus communis (common pear) as the main secondary (aecial) host.

Pucciniomycotina
Pucciniomycotina is a subdivision of fungus within the division Basidiomycota. The group was known as Urediniomycetes until 2006, when it was elevated from a class to a subdivision and named after the largest order in the group, Pucciniales.

The subdivision contains 10 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families. Over 8400 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described; thus, the subdivision contains more than 8% of all described fungi.

Pucciniomycotina appears to be sister to Agaricomycotina, based on maximum-likelihood analysis of six genes.
George Paterson (footballer, born 1914)
George Denholm Paterson (26 September 1914 – 25 December 1985) was a Scottish international footballer.

Paterson started his senior career at Celtic, where he won two Scottish league championships and the Scottish Cup once. He then served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, while playing as a guest for Leicester City, Blackpool, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Tranmere Rovers and Arsenal. Paterson's career with Celtic came to an end after he incurred a three-month suspension for vociferously arguing with the referee (whom he felt was under the influence of alcohol) during Celtic's 1946 Victory Cup semi-final against rivals Rangers.

Paterson moved to England to sign for Brentford in a swap deal with Gerry McAloon, then became player-manager of Yeovil and Petters United. He then managed Stirling Albion for a season before working variously for Celtic as a reserve team trainer and a scout.

1946 Victory Cup
The Victory Cup was a one-off Scottish football competition held in 1946 to celebrate the end of World War II. It is an unofficial competition in statistical terms, taking place at the end of the 1945–46 season just before official competitions such as the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup resumed.

The winners of the Victory Cup were Rangers who defeated Hibernian 3–1 in the final at Hampden Park in Glasgow.
Papyrus 71
Papyrus 71 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓71, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew. The surviving texts of Matthew are verses 19:10-11.17-18. 
The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 4th century.

Text

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

Present location

It is currently housed at the Ashmolean Museum (P. Oxy. 2385) in Oxford.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Baixada Fluminense
The Baixada Fluminense (standard Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌbajˈʃadɐ flumiˈnẽjsi]; local pronounce: [ˌbɐ(j)ˈʃadɐ flumɪˈnẽ(j)si]) (literally "Fluminense Lowland") is a region in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. It is located on Guanabara Bay, between Rio de Janeiro to the south and the Serra dos Órgãos range of hills to the north.

Its municipalities are part of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. The Baixada Fluminense region's population is about three million, making it the second most populous region in the state, following only the city of Rio de Janeiro.

This region should not be confused with the Baixadas Litorâneas, located farther to the east in the same state.

Seropédica
Seropédica (Silk Farm, Portuguese pronunciation: [seɾoˈpɛdʒikɐ]) is a municipality located in Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 75 km from the state capital of Rio de Janeiro.  Its population was 83,092 (2020) and its area is 284 km2 (110 sq mi).
Livistona benthamii
Livistona benthamii is a species of palm. This species is natural distribution is from Cape York to the Archer River in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New Guinea.  It is a solitary palm found in open forest near areas that are annually inundated. An example may be seen on the Freshwater lake Walk at the Cairns also known as  Flecker Botanical Garden.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.