hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military government
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A military government is any government that is administered by a military, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue or by an occupying power. It is usually administered by military personnel.

Types of military government include:

Military occupation of acquired foreign territory and the administration thereof

Martial law, temporary military rule of domestic territory

Military dictatorship, an authoritarian government controlled by a military and its political designees, called a military junta when done extralegally

Military junta, a government led by a committee of military leaders

Stratocracy, a government traditionally or constitutionally run by a military

Military democracy, a war-based society that practices democracy. With an elected and removable general as supreme chief, a council of elders and a popular assembly.

Elder (administrative title)
The term Elder, or its equivalent in another language, is used in several countries and organizations to indicate a position of authority. This usage is usually derived from the notion that the oldest members of any given group are the wisest, and are thus the most qualified to rule, provide counsel or serve the said group in some other capacity. They often serve as oral repositories of their culture's traditional knowledge, morals, and values.
Bernard Granville (MP died 1701)
Bernard Granville (4 March 1631 – 14 June 1701) of Birdcage Walk, Westminster, and Apps Court, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, of a Westcountry family, was a courtier of King Charles II who served as a Member of Parliament for several Cornish constituencies.

West Country
The West Country is a loosely defined area within South West England, usually taken to include the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Bristol, with some considering it to extend to all or parts of Wiltshire, Gloucestershire and Herefordshire. The West Country has a distinctive regional English dialect and accent, and is also home to the Cornish language.
IDEA-NEW
IDEA-NEW is an acronym for Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives for the North, East and West, and is a United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded program in Afghanistan. It works with farmers to grow different crops in provinces where poppies are frequently grown for opium production and collaborates with Afghan governmental bodies such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, the Ministry of Women's Affairs and the Ministry of Counter Narcotics. The fact that the program consults with local Afghans "at every stage of its operations" and uses almost all Afghan people on staff makes this project both unusual, and according to Trudy Rubin, more successful than other civilian-aid programs backed by the United States.

Ministry of Women's Affairs (Afghanistan)
The Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA) (Dari: وزارت امور زنان, Pashto: د ښځو چارو وزارت) was a ministry in the Afghan government which was established in late 2001 by the Afghan Interim Administration.

MOWA was the lead agency for promoting women's rights and advancement in Afghanistan. MOWA had a major shift in its strategy from welfare oriented, direct implementing approach to a policy influencing body by 2002.

The last minister of Women's Affairs, appointed in 2015, was Delbar Nazari.

With the announcement by the newly established Taliban government of the Cabinet of Afghanistan on 7 September 2021, the Ministry of Women's Affairs was dissolved and was replaced by the Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.
Yokoyama Taikan
Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観; November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War II Japanese painting. He is notable for helping create the Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
P. P. Sumanatilake
Piyadigamage Premachandra Sumanatilake (?–1967) was a Ceylonese politician.

Sumanatilake was elected to parliament at the 2nd parliamentary election, held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, successfully contested the Nuwara Eliya electorate as the United National Party candidate. He polled 3,852 votes (64% of the total vote), over 3,000 votes ahead of his nearest rival.

He was unable to retain the seat at the 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, Andrew Dissanayake, by over 1,000 votes.

He was a member of the first Council of the incorporated Law Society of Ceylon.

United National Party
The United National Party (UNP; Sinhala: එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය, romanized: Eksath Jāthika Pakshaya, Tamil: ஐக்கிய தேசியக் கட்சி, romanized: Aikkiya Tēciyak Kaṭci) is a centre-right political party in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1946, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties for several decades, serving as either the country's ruling party or as part of its governing coalition for several periods of the country's independent history. After suffering a major split in the lead-up to the 2020 parliamentary elections, the UNP saw a collapse in parliament, with the party only winning one national list seat and losing all its votes to the new Samagi Jana Balawegaya alliance. Currently, the UNP is a notable third party in Sri Lankan politics.

The UNP has been led by former president Ranil Wickremesinghe since 1994. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union.
Jonny Kearney & Lucy Farrell
Jonny Kearney & Lucy Farrell  were a contemporary English folk duo. Although they played some traditional songs, most of the songs they sang were their own compositions influenced by the folk tradition, but also songs by other artists such as Bob Dylan, Tom Waits, Cole Porter, Brian Wilson and The Beatles.

Kearney provided vocals, guitar and piano; Farrell played fiddle, viola and saw and vocals. Together they produced a sparse sound described by The Guardian as "delicate, thoughtful and intimate".

Musical saw
A musical saw, also called a singing saw, is a hand saw used as a musical instrument. Capable of continuous glissando (portamento), the sound creates an ethereal tone, very similar to the theremin. The musical saw is classified as a plaque friction idiophone with direct friction (132.1) under the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification and as a metal sheet played by friction (151) under the revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs classification by the MIMO Consortium.
Milena Tůmová
Milena Tůmová is a former ice dancer who competed for Czechoslovakia. With Josef Pešek, she became a three-time national medalist and competed at four ISU Championships. The duo finished in the top ten at the 1968 European Championships in Västerås, Sweden, and 1969 European Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. They placed 12th at the 1968 World Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. They represented Prague.

1968 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1968 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Västerås, Sweden from January 23 to 27. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Aso Ebi Diaries
Aso Ebi Diaries is a Nigerian Nollywood film directed by Biodun Stephen and produced by Laide Daramola. The movie stars Nancy Isime, Kunle Remi, Segun Johnson, and Jide Kosoko.

The movie centers on Elizabeth Gomez, who was deprived of wealth after a family scandal and vows to return to her previous status using her fashion sense and the help of her friends, but she is hung in between love scandals.

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
Triumph Triple
The Triumph Triples are a family of modern DOHC inline three-cylinder motorcycle engines made from 1990 onwards by the Triumph Motorcycle Company at their Hinckley, Leicestershire factory. The inspiration for the later triples was the pushrod Triumph Trident, produced from 1968 to 1974 at the Triumph factory at Meriden Works.

The Triumph Triple motorcycle engine has been used in the Trident, Thunderbird, Adventurer, Legend, Tiger, Speed Triple, Sprint ST & RS, Sprint Executive, Trophy, Street Triple, and Daytona models.  Bike magazine ranked the Hinckley Triumph Triple as the 10th best motorcycle engine of all time.

Triumph Engineering
Triumph Engineering Co Ltd was a British motorcycle manufacturing company, based originally in Coventry and then in Meriden. A new company, Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, based in Hinckley, gained the name rights after the end of the company in the 1980s and is now one of the world's major motorcycle manufacturers.
1953 Regional Championship
The 1953 Regional Championship was the 12th season of the Regional Championship, 3rd as the third tier of Romanian football. The champions of each regional championships play against each other in the playoffs to earn promotion to Divizia B.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat
Yolande Palaiologina or Violant (Moncalvo, June 1318 – Chambery, 24 December 1342) was the Countess consort of Savoy by marriage to Aimone, Count of Savoy. She was the daughter of Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat, and Argentina Spinola (1303-1356), a Genoese lady, daughter of Opicino Spinola. She received the name Yolande from her paternal grandmother Irene of Montferrat.

Chambéry
Chambéry (UK: /ˈʃɒ̃bəri/, US: /ˌʃɒ̃beɪˈriː/, French: [ʃɑ̃beʁi]; Arpitan: Chambèri; Italian: Ciamberì) is the prefecture and largest city of the Savoie department in the southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The population of the commune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919. The city is located at the foot of the French Alps between Bauges and Chartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.

It has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
Li Keqiang index
Li Keqiang index or Keqiang index (Chinese: 克强指数) is an economic measurement index created by The Economist in 2010 to measure China's economy using three indicators, as reportedly preferred by Li Keqiang, formerly the premier of China, as a better economic indicator than official numbers of GDP.

According to a leaked State Department memo, Li Keqiang (then the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Liaoning province) told visiting US ambassador Clark Randt in 2007 that the GDP figures in Liaoning were unreliable and that he himself used three other indicators: the railway cargo volume, electricity consumption and loans disbursed by banks.

The "Keqiang index" is also used by Haitong Securities released in 2013, suggesting decelerating China's economic growth since the beginning of 2013.

According to The Economist, the reliability of the index was undermined during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Broad measures of economic progress
Although for many decades, it was customary to focus on GDP and other measures of national income, there has been growing interest in developing broad measures of economic well-being. National and international approaches include the Beyond GDP programme developed by the European Union, the Better Lives Compendium of Indicators developed by the OECD, as well as many alternative metrics of wellbeing or happiness. One of the earliest attempts to develop such an index at national level  was Bhutan's Gross National Happiness Index and there are a now a number of similar projects ongoing around the world, including a project to develop for the UK an assessment of national well-being, commissioned by the Prime Minister David Cameron and led by the Office for National Statistics.
Mesopotamia, Kastoria
Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία, before 1926: Τσετιράκι – Tsetiraki; Bulgarian/Macedonian: Чéтирок) is a village and since the 2011, a municipal unit of Kastoria Municipality, in Kastoria regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. The municipal unit has an area of 99.173 km2 with a population of 3,855 according to the 2021 Greek census. The community consists of the villages Mesopotamia and Kolokythou.

2021 Greek census
The 2021 Population and Housing Census (Greek: Απογραφή Πληθυσμού–Kατοικιών 2021) is a census in Greece that was conducted by the Hellenic Statistical Authority as part of the wider 2021 European Union census. As with the 2011 census, it enumerates the number of people in the country and surveys the demographic, economic, and social characteristics of the population, as well as the types of building stock available in the country. The census complies with both European Union and United Nations census guidelines. The full set of results will be available by 31 March 2024.

Smartphone and geolocation technologies were utilized in order to carry out the census. A design competition was launched in September 2018, asking university students to design the census logo, and the winner was announced in 2019.
Volcanism of Eastern Canada
The volcanism of Eastern Canada includes the hundreds of volcanic areas and extensive lava formations in Eastern Canada. The region's different volcano and lava types originate from different tectonic settings and types of volcanic eruptions, ranging from passive lava eruptions to violent explosive eruptions. Eastern Canada has very large volumes of magmatic rock called large igneous provinces. They are represented by deep-level plumbing systems consisting of giant dike swarms, sill provinces and layered intrusions. The most capable large igneous provinces in Eastern Canada are Archean (3,800-2,500 million years ago) age greenstone belts containing a rare volcanic rock called komatiite.

Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra deposits), arising when magma travels through the crust towards the surface. The formation of LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with divergent plate tectonics. The formation of some of the LIPs in the past 500 million years coincide in time with mass extinctions and rapid climatic changes, which has led to numerous hypotheses about causal relationships. LIPs are fundamentally different from any other currently active volcanoes or volcanic systems.
Exportation (logic)
Exportation is a valid rule of replacement in propositional logic. The rule allows conditional statements having conjunctive antecedents to be replaced by statements having conditional consequents and vice versa in logical proofs. It is the rule that:

Where "" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a proof with." In strict terminology,  is the law of exportation, for it "exports" a proposition from the antecedent of  to its consequent. Its converse, the law of importation, , "imports" a proposition from the consequent of  to its antecedent.

Consequent
A consequent is the second half of a hypothetical proposition.  In the standard form of such a proposition, it is the part that follows "then". In an implication, if P implies Q, then P is called the antecedent and Q is called the consequent. In some contexts, the consequent is called the apodosis.

Examples:

If , then .

is the consequent of this hypothetical proposition.

If  is a mammal, then  is an animal.

Here, " is an animal" is the consequent.

If computers can think, then they are alive.

"They are alive" is the consequent.

The consequent in a hypothetical proposition is not necessarily a consequence of the antecedent.

If monkeys are purple, then fish speak Klingon.

"Fish speak Klingon" is the consequent here, but intuitively is not a consequence of (nor does it have anything to do with) the claim made in the antecedent that "monkeys are purple".
Chaffee-Moloney Houses
The Chaffee-Moloney Houses are a pair of brick residences (one single-family, one a duplex) at 194 and 196-198 Columbian Avenue in Rutland, Vermont.  Built in 1885, they are fine examples of Queen Anne/Eastlake style, and are significant for their association with Thomas W. Moloney, an Irish-American attorney who played a major role the city acquiring its charter.  The house were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Rutland (city), Vermont
Rutland is the only city in and the seat of Rutland County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 15,807. It is located approximately 65 miles (105 km) north of the Massachusetts state line, 35 miles (56 km) west of New Hampshire state line, and 20 miles (32 km) east of the New York state line. Rutland is the third largest city in the state of Vermont after Burlington and South Burlington. Rutland City is completely surrounded by Rutland Town, which is a separate municipality. The downtown area of the city is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Xuxa Park
Xuxa Park is a Spanish children's television series hosted by Xuxa Meneghel, based on the Xou da Xuxa, produced by Michael Jay Solomon and screened from March 12 to June 18, 1992 by the Madrid network Telecinco, the third largest broadcaster of Spain in audience, totaling 15 episodes. The show worked with several blocks, where in each block a game is presented, counting on the participation of the Paquitas and the character Topo Gigio, a character that was very popular around the world.

Michael Jay Solomon
Michael Jay Solomon (born January 20, 1938) is an American businessman, and entertainment executive. Solomon's career spans more than 55 years in the media and content distribution business. He is the founder, chairman and president of several publicly and privately held companies. Solomon has founded or sits on the board of philanthropic organizations benefiting education, public health, and the arts.
WGVM
WGVM (1260 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Greenville, Mississippi, United States.  The station was established in 1948 by David M. Segal and owned by him for nearly six decades. WGVM is currently owned and operated by Monte Spearman and Gentry Todd Spearman, through licensee High Plains Radio Network, LLC.

The station began with an eclectic array of live programming including blues and Gospel music, transitioned to rockabilly-influenced Top 40 in the 1950s, and became a top-rated country music station in the 1960s and 1970s. WGVM's fortunes followed the general decline of AM radio stations in the United States and the station went off the air for several months in 2006 before finding a new owner and a new direction. WGVM now serves the "Ark-La-Miss" region with a classic hits format.

Little Milton
James Milton Campbell Jr. (September 7, 1934 – August 4, 2005), better known as Little Milton, was an American blues singer and guitarist, best known for his number-one R&B single "We're Gonna Make It". His other hits include "Baby, I Love You", "Who's Cheating Who?", and "Grits Ain't Groceries (All Around The World)".

A native of the Mississippi Delta, Milton began his recording career in 1953 at Sun Records before relocating to St. Louis and co-founding Bobbin Records in 1958. It was not until Milton signed to Checker Records that he achieved success on the charts. Other labels Milton recorded for included Meteor, Stax, Glades, Golden Ear, MCA, and Malaco. Milton was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1988.
2011 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships
The 2011 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place between 14 and 16 January 2011 in Heerenveen, Netherlands.

The original winner in men's competition was Thibaut Fauconnet of France but he was later disqualified for doping offence.

Thibaut Fauconnet
Thibaut Fauconnet (French pronunciation: [tibo fokɔnɛ]; born 23 April 1985) is a French short track speed skater. He represented France at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
Pontius Telesinus
Pontius Telesinus (died 2 November 82 BC) was the last independent leader of the Italic Samnites before their annexation by the Roman Republic. A fierce patriot, he was one of the rebel commanders in the Social War (91–87 BC) against Rome, leading the last remnants of the rebellion in southern Italy after the main uprising had already been suppressed. He intervened in the Roman civil wars of the 80s BC in an attempt to improve his and his people's position, but picked the losing side and was killed in 82 BC following the Battle of the Colline Gate against the Roman general Sulla.

Pontius Telesinus may be an ancestor of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judaea who oversaw the crucifixion of Jesus.

Florus
Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, the Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all). As to whether these were composed by the same person, or set of people, is unclear, but the works are variously attributed to:

Publius Annius Florus, described as a Roman poet and rhetorician.

Julius Florus, described as an ancient Roman poet, orator, and author who was born around 74 AD and died around 130 AD Florus was born in Africa, but raised in Rome.

Lucius Annaeus Florus (circa 74 – 130 AD), a Roman historian, who lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian and was also born in Africa.
Brown Betty (dessert)
A Brown Betty is a traditional American dessert made from fruit, usually apple (this variant is known as Apple Betty), but also berries or pears and sweetened crumbs. Similar to a cobbler or apple crisp, the fruit is baked, and, in this case, the sweetened crumbs are placed in layers between the fruit. It is usually served with lemon sauce or whipped cream.

The dish was first mentioned in print in 1864. A recipe from 1877 uses apple sauce and cracker crumbs.

Apple Brown Betty was one of the favorite desserts of Ronald and Nancy Reagan in the White House.

Whipped cream
Whipped cream, also known as Chantilly cream or crème Chantilly (French: [kʁɛm ʃɑ̃tiji]), is high-fat dairy cream that is aerated by whisking until it becomes light, fluffy, and capable of holding its shape. This process incorporates air into the cream, creating a semi-solid colloid. It is commonly sweetened with white sugar and sometimes flavored with vanilla. Whipped cream is often served on desserts and hot beverages, and used as an ingredient in desserts.