hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elena Simperl
Elena Simperl FRSA FBCS (born May 1978) is professor of computer science in the Department of Informatics at King's College London and the Director of Research of the Open Data Institute. She is also Co-Director of the King's Institute for Artificial Intelligence. She is best known for her work in human-machine collectives, with applications to crowdsourcing, citizen science, knowledge communities, and human data interaction, and for her leadership in data-driven innovation and data policy.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji
Thakor Laxmanji Punjaji (born 1967 or 1968) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency since 2022 representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency
Kalol is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Gandhinagar district and is numbered as 38-Kalol. It is a part of the Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency.
British Rail Class 195
The British Rail Class 195 is a class of diesel multiple-unit passenger train from the Civity family manufactured by CAF, owned by Eversholt Rail Group and currently operated by Northern Trains. A total of 58 units have been built; 25 two-car units and 33 three-car units. The class is almost identical to the Class 331 also produced by CAF, which is the electric version of the Class 195, differing only in traction type and (in some units) vehicle formation.

They were first introduced on 1 July 2019, entering service with the previous operator Arriva Rail North on the Manchester Airport and Liverpool Lime Street via Warrington, and Manchester Airport to Barrow-in-Furness routes. The final 195 unit entered service in December 2020, and all 58 units work across some non-electrified routes across the Northern network.

Warrington Central railway station
Warrington Central is one of three main railway stations serving the town of Warrington in Cheshire, England. It is located on the southern route of the Liverpool to Manchester Lines, the former Cheshire Lines Committee route between Liverpool and Manchester; the station is situated approximately halfway between the two cities.

The second station in the town is Warrington Bank Quay, which accommodates electrified lines on the West Coast Main Line with services to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, Liverpool Lime Street and Glasgow Central. The third is Warrington West, which opened in 2019 and is on the same line as Warrington Central.
Preighter
A preighter, also known as cargo in cabin, is an aircraft originally intended to carry passengers but which is operated temporarily as a cargo aircraft by loading freight in the passenger cabin. The term is a portmanteau of "passenger" and "freighter" and is attributed to Lufthansa chief executive Carsten Spohr; it came to use as commercial airlines responded to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

A preighter is distinct from a combi aircraft, which has cargo aircraft features such as large outward-opening doors and a reinforced floor to accommodate oversize or heavy items, but has removable seats or is partitioned into passenger and freight areas.

Aircraft cabin
An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. Most modern commercial aircraft are pressurized, as cruising altitudes are high enough such that the surrounding atmosphere is too thin for passengers and crew to breathe.

In commercial air travel, particularly in airliners, cabins may be divided into several parts. These can include travel class sections in medium and large aircraft, areas for flight attendants, the galley, and storage for in-flight service. Seats are mostly arranged in rows and aisles. The higher the travel class, the more space is provided. Cabins of the different travel classes are often divided by curtains, sometimes called class dividers. Passengers are not usually allowed to visit higher travel class cabins in commercial flights.

Some aircraft cabins contain passenger entertainment systems. Short and medium haul cabins tend to have no or shared screens whereas long and ultra-long haul flights often contain personal screens.
Örskär
Örskär, is a Swedish island and lighthouse station located north of Gräsö on the Uppland coastline. A large part of the island is a nature reserve and it is rich of unusual flowers such as wild orchids. The island is also noted to be a good place for birding. A very small hostel exists on the island.

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory sleeping 4–20 people, with shared use of a lounge and usually a kitchen. Rooms can be private or shared - mixed or single-sex - and have private or shared bathrooms. Food and beverage, laundry services, luggage storage, and lockers may also be available.

Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers and with youth travel; however, most do not impose age limits. The global size of the hostel market was estimated at US$7.21 billion in 2023 and was projected to grow at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate until 2030. In 2019, there were an estimated 5,829 hostels in Europe and 4,738 hostels in Asia. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. Many hostels are locally owned and operated.
Girlfriend (Paul McCartney song)
"Girlfriend" is a song by British-American rock band Wings, from their 1978 album London Town. It was written by Wings frontman Paul McCartney, who originally intended it to be sung by Michael Jackson. Jackson then covered the song the following year on his 1979 album Off the Wall, and in 1980 it was released (in the UK only) as the 5th and final single of that album.

Thirty-two bar form
The 32-bar form, also known as the AABA song form, American popular song form and the ballad form, is a song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs and other American popular music, especially in the first half of the 20th century.

The song form consists of four sections: an eight-bar A section; a second eight-bar A section (which may have slight changes from the first A section); an eight-bar B section, often with contrasting harmony or "feel"; and a final eight-bar A section. The core melody line is generally retained in each A section, although variations may be added, particularly for the last A section.

Examples of 32-bar AABA form songs include "Over the Rainbow", "I Got Rhythm", "What'll I Do", "Make You Feel My Love", "The Man I Love": 5 , "Primrose Lane", "Let's Get Away From It All", and "Blue Skies".: 109  Many show tunes that have become jazz standards are 32-bar song forms.
Geothelphusa
Geothelphusa is a genus of freshwater crabs within the family Potamidae, native to East Asia, with a distribution spanning Japan, Taiwan, China, and Korea. Established by William Stimpson in 1858, it ranks among the most diverse genera in Potamidae, encompassing over 50 recognized species.

Freshwater crab
Around 1,300 species of freshwater crabs are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, divided among eight families. They show direct development and maternal care of a small number of offspring, in contrast to marine crabs, which release thousands of planktonic larvae. This limits the dispersal abilities of freshwater crabs, so they tend to be endemic to small areas. As a result, a large proportion are threatened with extinction.
Japanese submarine Ro-56 (1921)
The first Ro-56, originally named Submarine No. 30, was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type L submarine, the final unit of the L2 subclass. Except for a few months in 1926, she was in commission from 1922 to 1938.

Japanese Type L submarine
The Type L submarine (L型潜水艦, L-gata Sensuikan) submarines were medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), serving during the 1920s and World War II. The Type L submarines were built with Vickers naval technical guidance. All boats were built in the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-Kobe Shipyard by the contract with Vickers.
Appanoose
Appanoose was a 19th-century Meskwaki chief who lived in Iowa; he was the son of Taimah (Chief Tama) and probably a grandson of Quashquame. Prior to European-American settlement in the 19th century, the tribe occupied territory in what became Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa.

Several place names and a US Navy ship honored Appanoose:

Appanoose County, Iowa

Appanoose County Courthouse

Appanoose County Community Railroad

Appanoose Township, Franklin County, Kansas

Appanoose Township, Hancock County, Illinois

USS Appanoose (AK-226), a Crater class cargo ship

Appanoose County Courthouse
The Appanoose County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centerville, Iowa, United States. The courthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. In 1997 it was included as a contributing property in the Courthouse Square Historic District.
Snooper Troops
Snooper Troops is a series of two 1982 adventure/educational video games developed by Spinnaker Software and published by Computer Learning Connection. They were released for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS. The first case was entitled Snooper Troops: Case #1: The Granite Point Ghost and the second case entitled Snooper Troops: Case #2 - The Case of the Disappearing Dolphin was released later that year. The games were based on Tom Snyder's Snooper Troops detective stories.

InfoWorld
InfoWorld (IW) is an American information technology media business that began as a monthly magazine in 1978, but transitioned to a Web publication in 2007. Having Macworld and PC World as its sister publications, it has been owned by Regent LP since 2025.
Sovereign Maersk-class container ship
Sovereign class is a series of 9 container ships built for Maersk Line. The ships were built by Odense Steel Shipyard in Denmark and have a maximum theoretical capacity of around 9,640 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Ernesto Lagos
Ernesto Lagos Salinas (born 30 January 1930) is a Chilean high jumper. He competed in the men's high jump at the 1951 Pan American Games (fifth place), the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the 1955 Pan American Games (fourth place). At the South American Championships he won silver medals in 1952, 1954 and 1956, and a bronze medal in 1958.

His personal best in the event was 1.96 m set in 1955.

1955 Pan American Games
The 1955 Pan American Games, officially known as II Pan American Games (Spanish: II Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1955 (Spanish: México 1955), opened on March 12, 1955, at University Stadium in Mexico City, Mexico, in front of a capacity crowd of 100,000 spectators.

A total of 2,583 athletes from 22 nations marched in review and formed ranks upon the infield. The nations paraded into the stadium in Spanish alphabetical order:  Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Mexico. The hot sun, combined with the high altitude, caused two members of the U.S. team to collapse. Both quickly recovered.
Boutheia
Boutheia (Ancient Greek: Βούθεια) or Bouthia (Βουθία) was a town of ancient Ionia, near Erythrae. It was a member of the Delian League since it is mentioned in tributary records of Athens at least between the years 454/3 and 427/6 or 426/5 BCE. In some of these records it appears as part of the territory of Erythrae.

Its site is located near the modern Çeşme, İzmir Province, Turkey.

İzmir Province
İzmir Province (Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is 11,891 square kilometres (4,591 square miles), and its population is 4,462,056 (2022). Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35.

Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.
Tresviso
Tresviso is a municipality located in the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain.  The municipality is located 907 m (2,976 ft) above sea level within the Picos de Europa of the Cantabrian Mountains.  The village is located on a mountain ledge approximately 800 m (2,600 ft) above the Deva River valley bottom.  Despite being in Cantabria, the only road access to Tresviso is a narrow road over a 1,320 m (4,330 ft) high pass from Sotres in the neighbouring province of Asturias.  Alternatively, on the Cantabrian side there is a strenuous 3-hour hike from the N621 highway along the Deva featuring many switchbacks.

Deva (river)
The Deva is a river in Northern Spain, flowing through the Autonomous Communities of Cantabria and Asturias until it flows into Tina Mayor, an estuary. Its main tributaries are the Cares and Urdón rivers, among others.

Deva is the name of a Celtic goddess related to the waters. As the names of the English rivers Dee, which are related, this may come from the Proto-Indo-European *deiueh2-, meaning 'a goddess'. The river is known for being one of the few Spanish watercourses to host native runs of Atlantic salmon.
Isomonodromic deformation
In mathematics, the equations governing the isomonodromic deformation of meromorphic linear systems of ordinary differential equations are, in a fairly precise sense, the most fundamental exact nonlinear differential equations. As a result, their solutions and properties lie at the heart of the field of exact nonlinearity and integrable systems.

Isomonodromic deformations were first studied by Richard Fuchs, with early pioneering contributions from Lazarus Fuchs, Paul Painlevé, René Garnier, and Ludwig Schlesinger. Inspired by results in statistical mechanics, a seminal contribution to the theory was made by Michio Jimbo, Tetsuji Miwa, and Kimio Ueno, who studied cases involving irregular singularities.

Exact differential
In multivariate calculus, a differential or differential form is said to be exact or perfect (exact differential), as contrasted with an inexact differential, if it is equal to the general differential  for some differentiable function  in an orthogonal coordinate system (hence  is a multivariable function whose variables are independent, as they are always expected to be when treated in multivariable calculus).

An exact differential is sometimes also called a total differential, or a full differential, or, in the study of differential geometry, it is termed an exact form.

The integral of an exact differential over any integral path is path-independent, and this fact is used to identify state functions in thermodynamics.
West Side Sound
The West Side Sound (or Westside Sound) is a musical scene and regional subgenre of Chicano soul that emerged in San Antonio, Texas, United States, and South-Central Texas more broadly, in the 1940s and 1950s. The name West Side Sound comes from the West Side neighbourhood of San Antonio, though the genre did not originate there. It is also not a singular, easily defined sound.

The West Side Sound helped lay the foundations for the broader Chicano soul (or brown-eyed soul) genre, drawing on disparate styles such as blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country, and the music of Mexican conjunto ensembles, among others.

Conjunto
The term conjunto (Spanish pronunciation: [koŋˈxunto], literally 'group', 'ensemble') refers to several types of small musical ensembles present in different Latin American musical traditions, mainly in Mexico and Cuba. While Mexican conjuntos play styles such as norteño and tejano, Cuban conjuntos specialize in the son, as well as its derivations such as salsa.
Machh
Machh, or Mach (Balochi, Urdu: مچھ), is a town and union council of Kachhi District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The town has an altitude of 1006 metres (3303 feet) and is located at 29°52'0N 67°19'60E, - some about 50 km (70 km by road) southeast of Quetta, the provincial capital.

Administrative units of Pakistan
Pakistan is administratively divided into four provinces, one federal territory, and two disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. As part of the Kashmir conflict with neighbouring India, Pakistan has also claimed sovereignty over the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since the First Kashmir War of 1947–1948. It also has a territorial dispute with India over Junagadh, but has never exercised administrative authority over either regions. All of Pakistan's provinces and territories are subdivided into divisions, which are further subdivided into districts, and then tehsils, which are again further subdivided into union councils.
Molot Bekas-M
The Molot Bekas-M (Russian: "snipe") is a series of Russian pump-action shotguns manufactured by the Molot machine plant in Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov Oblast. The Bekas-M series comprises a wide variety of models, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in barrel length and choke options. Some models are sold in combination sets (with a single receiver and two barrels), some are supplied with a plastic pistol grip, and most models have a walnut stock and forearm. Its classical design and consistent quality, together with the availability of low-priced sets with two barrels, helped it to gain popularity among hunters and home-defense enthusiasts in Russia.

Receiver (firearms)
In firearms terminology and law, the firearm frame or receiver is the part of a firearm which integrates other components by providing housing for internal action components such as the hammer, bolt or breechblock, firing pin and extractor, and has threaded interfaces for externally attaching ("receiving") components such as the barrel, stock, trigger mechanism and iron/optical sights. Some firearm designs, such as the AR-15 platform, feature receivers that have 2 separate sub-assemblies called the upper receiver which houses the barrel/trunnion, bolt components etc and the lower receiver (trigger mechanism housing in some cases) that holds the fire control group, pistol grip, selector, stock etc.

The receiver is often made of forged, machined, or stamped steel or aluminium. Apart from these traditional materials, modern techniques have introduced polymer and sintered metal powder receivers to the market.
Sydney Lambert
Sydney Chowne Lambert (11 October 1852 – 10 October 1916) was a New Zealand sportsman. He played three first-class cricket matches for Otago in the 1873–74 and 1874–75 seasons and umpired cricket in the Wellington area.

Lambert was born at sea in 1852 and was educated at Otago Boys' High School in Dunedin and Christ's College in Christchurch. He played three first-class matches for Otago, two in the 1873–74 season and one the following season. Primarily a bowler, he took three first-class wickets, all of them in a January 1874 fixture against Canterbury for the cost of four runs.

Lambert worked as a government clerk in Wellington, at the time of this death working in the Land and Income Tax Department. He was a prominent lawn bowler in later life. He died suddenly at Wellington in 1916 at the age of 63.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Mumuye people
The Mumuye are people of the Taraba State, Nigeria. They speak the Mumuye language. They constitute the largest tribal group in Taraba State of Nigeria and form the predominant tribes found in Zing, Yorro, Jalingo, Ardo-Kola, Lau, Gassol, Bali and Gashaka, all of which are local government areas of the state. The Mumuye people are also found in many parts of the neighboring Adamawa State.

The Mumuye people are isolated into smaller groups. These groups are independent of one another; however, they speak a variation of the same language and share cultural traditions.: 89  The Mumuye people are a part of the Benue River Valley. The Benue River Valley has been overlooked because of its complexities and innumerable cultures occupying the area.: 20

Mumuye language
Mumuye is by far the most populous of the Adamawa languages. It is spoken in northeastern Nigeria. It is classified in the Leko–Nimbari branch of Savanna languages, as Adamawa is no longer considered a valid family. According to Ethnologue, there are multiple dialects: Zinna, Rang (Lamma), Dong, Yoro, Lankaviri, Gola (Bajama), Gongla, Kasaa, Saawa, Jalingo, Nyaaja, Jeng, Gnoore, Yaa, Sagbee, Shaari, Kugong, Mang, Kwaji, Meeka, Yakoko.
Henrietta Hume Pettijohn Buck
Henrietta Hume Pettijohn Buck (September 30, 1854 – October 11, 1921) was New Mexico’s first female lawyer.

She was born September 30, 1854, in Columbia, Missouri, the eldest of the five surviving children of James Robert Hume and Sallie Boothe. She attended the University of Missouri and initially began a career as a novelist when she wrote Etalee, From the Waves, After Many Years, and Dorothy. On April 15, 1892, she became the first woman admitted to practice law in New Mexico.

She married Dr J. B. Pettijohn from Las Vegas, New Mexico, and divorced him in 1893. They had one daughter, Cora Hume Pettijohn. She then married ranch owner Arthur P. Buck. Their daughter, Carrick Hume Buck, also became a prominent lawyer, and her distinguished career included becoming the first woman to serve as the Assistant U.S. District Attorney and a judge (including a Supreme Court Justice) in Hawaii.

Las Vegas, New Mexico
Las Vegas is a city in the state of New Mexico in the United States. It is the county seat of San Miguel County. Las Vegas was once two separate municipalities, one named West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and one named East Las Vegas ("New Town"). They were separated by the Gallinas River and still retain distinct characters and separate school districts. Las Vegas is home to New Mexico Highlands University.

The city's population was 13,166 at the official 2020 census.