hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rototuna
Rototuna is a suburb in northern Hamilton, New Zealand, east of Flagstaff.  It is one of the newest and fastest-growing suburbs in Hamilton, along with neighbouring Huntington and Flagstaff.

Sometimes the name Rototuna is used to collectively refer to all of the city north of Wairere Drive and east of the Waikato River, including Flagstaff, St Petersburg, Magellan Rise, Ashmore, Somerset Heights, St James, Callum Brae and Huntington.

Although many Hamilton City publications say it was built on what was previously the bed of an ancient lake of which Rototuna was a tiny remnant, Lake Tunawhakapeka was to the north in Horsham Downs. However, its alternative name of Lake Rototuna, was the inspiration for the name given to a new post office in 1907 and later adopted for the area. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "eel lake" for Rototuna.

Horsham Downs
Horsham Downs is a locality about 9.5 km north of Hamilton.

Before 1906, the area was undeveloped and covered in tea trees and ferns. After August 1906, sheep and cattle farms were successfully developed.

A group of protected areas, the Horsham Downs Wildlife Management Reserves, are located in Horsham Downs.
John Hemingway (RAF officer)
Group Captain John Allman Hemingway, DFC, AE (17 July 1919 – 17 March 2025), known as Paddy Hemingway, was an Irish fighter pilot who served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War in the Battle of Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Allied invasion of Italy and the Invasion of Normandy. He was shot down four times during the war. Hemingway was the last surviving airman of the Battle of Britain.

Allied invasion of Italy
The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place from 3 September 1943, during the Italian campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group (comprising General Mark W. Clark's American Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army) and followed the successful Allied invasion of Sicily. A preliminary landing in Calabria (Operation Baytown) took place on 3 September, the main invasion force landed on the west coast of Italy at Salerno on 9 September as part of Operation Avalanche at the same time as a supporting operation at Taranto (Operation Slapstick).
Laurinburg Exchange
The Laurinburg Exchange is a newspaper based in Laurinburg, North Carolina covering Laurinburg and Scotland County. It was established in 1882 as a weekly publication. The newspaper is currently published Tuesday through Saturday.

The Exchange was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017.

Impressions Media
Impressions Media is an American privately owned publisher of newspapers in Northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. It is headquartered in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and owned by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management.
Permanent Midnight
Permanent Midnight is a 1998 independent drama film written and directed by David Veloz. It stars Ben Stiller, Maria Bello, Elizabeth Hurley, Owen Wilson, Cheryl Ladd and Janeane Garofalo. Based on Jerry Stahl's autobiographical book of the same name, it depicts Stahl, a successful TV writer for popular series like thirtysomething, Twin Peaks, and ALF, and his struggles with substance abuse.

Permanent Midnight grossed only $1.1 million in limited theatrical release in the United States, but performed better in the home video market. Stiller's performance was critically acclaimed. A soundtrack album for the film was released on September 15, 1998 from DGC Records.

DGC Records
DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) was an American record label that operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by Universal Music Group.

In 1999, after the PolyGram merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit, DGC was absorbed into Geffen Records, but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.

The most famous group they signed was Nirvana.
Helvella elastica
Helvella elastica, commonly known as the flexible Helvella, elastic saddle, or brown elfin saddle, is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae of the order Pezizales. It has a roughly saddle-shaped yellow-brown cap atop a whitish stipe. It grows on soil in woods in Eurasia and North America.

Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white truffles, and the desert truffles. The Pezizales can be saprobic, mycorrhizal, or parasitic on plants. Species grow on soil, wood, leaves and dung. Soil-inhabiting species often fruit in habitats with a high pH and low content of organic matter, including disturbed ground. Most species occur in temperate regions or at high elevation. Several members of the Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae are common in tropical regions.
Samarkand Airways
Samarkand Airways (Uzbek: Samarqand Havo Yo’llari, Самарканд Хаво Йуллари) was an airline based in Uzbekistan that performed passenger and cargo charter flights.  Established in 2005 out a joint American-Uzbekistani venture based out of Kentucky, the parent company, Universal Mobility Solutions, provided the aircraft for the fleet. The airline intended to establish a regular scheduled cargo route out of Tashkent to Dushanbe in 2008 using Ilyushin Il-76 and Antonov An-12 aircraft, but such a route was not established. Passenger charters were carried out on Tupolev Tu-154, Yakolev Yak-40 and Avro RJ-85 aircraft, while chartered cargo flights used an Antonov An-26.

While the airline still technically exists, its website is gone and it is not in operation.

Antonov An-12
The Antonov An-12 (Russian: Антонов Ан-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a four-engined turboprop transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It is the military version of the Antonov An-10 and has many variants. For more than three decades, the An-12 was the standard medium-range cargo and paratroop transport aircraft of the Soviet air forces. A total of 1,248 aircraft were built.
Julio Serrano
Julio Cesar Serrano (born 1 March 1981)  is an Argentine football midfielder who last played  for Club Atlético General Lamadrid in Argentine. He was traded to Slovan Bratislava from the Argentine club Nueva Chicago in January 2008.

Club Atlético Nueva Chicago
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago is an Argentine sports club based in Mataderos, a neighborhood in the west side of Buenos Aires, formerly called "Nueva Chicago". The club's nickname, El Torito (lit. 'The Little Bull') is an allusion to legendary 1930s boxer Justo Suárez, known as El Torito de Mataderos ('The Little Bull of Mataderos').

The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system. Other sports practised at the club are basketball, boxing, field hockey, futsal, handball, roller skating and volleyball.
Bure, Oromia (woreda)
Bure is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Illubabor Zone, Bure is bordered on the south by Nono, on the southwest by the Gambela Region, on the west by the Kelem Welega Zone, on the northeast by Metu, and on the southeast by Ale; the Birbir River defines the west and north boundaries. Towns in Bure include Bure and Sibo. Huka Halu woreda was separated from Bure.

Although coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda, less than 20 square kilometers are planted with this crop.

Gambela Region
The Gambela Region, also spelled Gambella, and officially the Gambela Peoples' Region (Amharic: ጋምቤላ ሕዝቦች ክልል), is a regional state in western Ethiopia. Previously known as Region 12, its capital and largest city is Gambela . It is bordered by the Oromia Region to the east, the South West Ethiopia Region to the south, and the country of South Sudan to the west.

Gambela is situated between the Openo and Akobo Rivers, with its western part including the Openo River. It covers an area of approximately 29,783 square kilometers with a population of 525,000 inhabitants, making it one of Ethiopia's smallest regions and one of its least populous. Gambela is home to a diverse population which includes the Anuak, Nuer, and other indigenous groups collectively referred to as the Majang Komo and Opo.
SS Grahame
SS Grahame was a wooden sternwheeled steamship built in Fort Chipewyan, District of Athabasca, by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1882–1883 for service on the Athabasca River, lower Peace River, the Clearwater River, and the upper Slave River.

Grahame was the first steam powered vessel in the region.

The engines were built in the south, and shipped overland.
The ship was 135 feet (41 m) long, and could carry 140–150 tons of cargo.
Construction began under the direction of John W. Smith in August 1882, and Grahame was completed in September 1883 and began regular service in the district in the summer of 1884.

The vessel carried an official delegation from Canada's federal government to negotiate Treaty 8 with the First Nations in 1899.

Athabasca River
The Athabasca River (French: Rivière Athabasca) in Alberta, Canada, originates at the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park and flows more than 1,231 km (765 mi) before emptying into Lake Athabasca. Much of the land along its banks is protected in national and provincial parks, and the river is designated a Canadian heritage river for its historical and cultural importance. The scenic Athabasca Falls is located about 30 km (19 mi) upstream from Jasper.
Calshot Lifeboat Station
Calshot Lifeboat Station is located on Calshot Spit near the village of Calshot, Hampshire, and is on the western bank of the open end of Southampton Water, on the south coast of England.

A lifeboat station was established at Calshot in 1970 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

The station currently operates the larger B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat, Max Walls (B-860), on station since 2012, and the smaller D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, David Radcliffe (D-880), on station since 2023.

Southampton Water
Southampton Water is a tidal estuary north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight in England. The city of Southampton lies at its most northerly point, where the estuaries of the River Test and River Itchen meet. Along its salt marsh-fringed western shores lie the New Forest villages of Dibden, Hythe and Fawley, and the Fawley Refinery. On the slightly steeper eastern shore are the Southampton suburb of Weston, the villages of Netley and Hamble-le-Rice, and the Royal Victoria Country Park. To the south, Southampton Water enters the Solent between Calshot Spit and Hill Head.

Southampton Water is an estuary with major potential for land use conflicts. An area of urban development (the Waterside) runs in the narrow band of land between Southampton Water and the New Forest National Park. Villages such as Marchwood, Hythe, Dibden Purlieu, Holbury and Fawley have all experienced significant growth.
S. N. Goenka
Satya Narayana Goenka (ISO 15919: Satyanārāyaṇa Gōyaṅkā; Burmese: ဦးဂိုအင်ကာ, MLCTS: u: gui ang ka; 30 January 1924 – 29 September 2013) was an Indian teacher of vipassanā meditation. Born in Burma to an Indian business family, he moved to India in 1969 and started teaching meditation. His teaching emphasised that the Buddha's path to liberation was non-sectarian, universal, and scientific in character. He became an influential teacher and played an important role in establishing non-commercial Vipassana meditation centers globally. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2012, an award given for distinguished service of high order.

Lion's Roar (magazine)
Lion's Roar (formerly Shambhala Sun) is an independent, bimonthly magazine (in print and online) that offers a nonsectarian view of "Buddhism, Culture, Meditation, and Life". Presented are teachings from the Buddhist and other contemplative traditions, with an emphasis on applying the principles of mindfulness and awareness practices to everyday life.
Jonathan Menkos
Jonathan Kiril Thomas Menkos Zeissig (born 29 June 1975) is a Guatemalan economist, politician, writer, academic and analyst serving as Guatemala's Minister of Public Finance since January 19, 2024. He previously served as president of the Central American Institute of Fiscal Studies (ICEFI) starting September 2012.

On March 5, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Central American Institute of Fiscal Studies announced that Menkos requested a license to be absent from his duties as President of the Central American Institute of Fiscal Studies from March 1 to August 15, 2019. Hours later, the political party Movimiento Semilla announced that Menkos had been elected as its vice presidential candidate and running mate of ex-attorney general Thelma Aldana, however Aldana was disqualified from the presidential race.

Vice President of Guatemala
Vice president of Guatemala (Spanish: Vicepresidente de Guatemala) is a political position in Guatemala which is since 1966 elected concurrently with the position of President of Guatemala. The current vice president is Karin Herrera.

The vice president needs to be a Guatemalan citizen of over 40 years of age.

Historically, there have been provisions for multiple Vice Presidents, officially Designates to the Presidency (Spanish: Designados a la Presidencia), also known as Presidential Designates (Spanish: Designados Presidenciales) elected for one- or two-year-terms. The election was carried in Congress of Guatemala. A provision for First and Second Vice Presidents existed 1882–1886, 1888-1921, 1921–1928 and 1956–1966. A provision for First, Second and Third Vice Presidents existed 1921 and 1928–1944.

History of the office holders follows.
Kim Jung-hyun (actor, born 1990)
Kim Jung-hyun (Korean: 김정현; born April 5, 1990) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his lead roles in popular television series School 2017 (2017), Welcome to Waikiki (2018), and Time (2018). He gained international recognition by starring in the dramas Crash Landing on You (2019–2020) and Mr. Queen (2020–2021), which rank amongst the highest-rated Korean dramas in cable television history.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
Maureen Cummins
Maureen Cummins (born 1963) is an American artist specializing in artists' books. In 1991, she founded Inanna Press (pronounced "ee-na-na" and named after the Mesopotamian goddess of the same name). She remains the proprietor and continues to produce fine, limited-edition artists' books. Since 1993, when she created her own studio in Park Slope, Brooklyn, Cummins has produced over twenty-five limited-edition artists' books. Her work is held in over one hundred public and institutional collections around the world. She has been featured in shows with Kiki Smith, Fred Tomaselli, and Kara Walker. One of her books, Ghost Diary, held by the Arthur and Mata Jaffe Center for Book Arts at Florida Atlantic University, is made of glass.

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
Flux method
The flux method is a crystal growth method where starting materials are dissolved in a solvent (flux), and are precipitated out to form crystals of a desired compound. The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. The flux is molten in a highly stable crucible that does not react with the flux. Metal crucibles, such as platinum, titanium, and niobium are used for the growth of oxide crystals. Ceramic crucibles, such as alumina, zirconia, and boron nitride are used for the growth of metallic crystals. For air-sensitive growths, contents are sealed in ampoules or placed in atmosphere controlled furnaces.

Crucible
A crucible is a container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay, they can be made from any material that withstands temperatures high enough to melt or otherwise alter its contents.
Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi (1781–1866) was the Sheikh of the Qawasim and ruled the towns of Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Jazirah Al Hamra and Rams; all within the then Trucial States and now part of the United Arab Emirates. Briefly a dependent of the first Saudi Kingdom, his rule over Ras Al Khaimah ran from 1803–1809, when he was deposed by order of the Saudi Amir (in favour of Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi) and restored in 1820, going on to rule until his death in 1866 at the age of 85. He was Ruler of Sharjah from 1814–1866, with a brief disruption to that rule in 1840 by his elder son Saqr. He was a signatory to various treaties with the British, starting with the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 and culminating in the Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853.

Al Jazirah Al Hamra
Al Jazirah Al Hamra (Arabic: الجزيرة الحمراء, English: The Red Island) is a town to the south of the city of Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates. It is known for its collection of abandoned houses and other buildings, including a mosque, which is widely believed locally to be haunted. The town was ruled by the Zaab tribe, which was rehoused in Abu Dhabi following a dispute with the ruler of Ras Al Khaimah.

A program of restoration and preservation was commenced in 2010, preserving Jazirah Al Hamra as a heritage village. Conservation work was ongoing as of 2025.
Halgera, Yadgir
Halgera is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Halgera is under Yadgir Taluka of Yadgir District in Karnataka.  The village of Halgera is 14 km by road southeast of the town of Yadgir and 6 km by road northeast of the village of Zinkera.  The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

There are three villages in the gram panchayat: Halgera, Maskehhalli, and Raisabad Hosahalli.

Yadgir district
Yadgir district is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India.This district was carved out of Kalaburagi district as the 30th district of Karnataka on 10 April 2010. Yadgir town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of 5,160.88 km2 (1,992.63 sq mi).

Yadgir district is very rich in cultural traditions. The vast stretch of fertile black soil of the district is known for bumper red gram and jowar crops. The district is the Daal bowl of the state. The district is also known for cluster of cement industries and a distinct stone popularly known as "Malakheda Stone".

Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, and a few tributaries flow in this region. The upper Krishna project and Shahapur Taluka in Bendebembali "Core Green Sugar Factory yet to be started. Yadgir which is known the cement, textile, leather, and chemical production in the industrial sectors. The Agriculture College located in Bheemarayana Gudi (B.Gudi).
USS PC-457
USS PC-457 was a submarine chaser of the United States Navy before World War II.

PC-457 was built in 1939 as the yacht Trouper by Robert Jacob Shipyard of City Island, New York for C. A. Tilt of Chicago, IL, the president of the Diamond T Motor Company.

She was acquired by the US Navy in 1940 due to the Navy's rapidly rising demand for patrol craft as the war in Europe expanded.  She was commissioned in 1941.

On 14 August 1941 she was sunk in a collision near San Juan, Puerto Rico with freighter Norluna  ( United States). "Official Chronology of the US Navy in WWII". Ibiblio. Retrieved 5 March 2014.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
Sailing at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Sailing at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of one event, which was open to any gender and sailed in the Sonar keelboats. This was the first time sailing has been included in the paralympics where the sport was a demonstration sport along with wheelchair rugby, and not an official part of the 14 core sports on the Paralympic program, but medals were awarded. Sailing in the 1996 Summer Olympics  was held in Savannah but Paralympic event did not use those facilities, instead holding the event on Lake Lanier based around the Aqualand Marina. The distance between Savannah and Atlanta was probably the motivation for this as it was important to showcase the sport.

Sonar (keelboat)
The Sonar is a one design keelboat designed by Bruce Kirby and first built in 1980.

The design was initiated as a commission from the members of the Noroton Yacht Club of Darien, Connecticut, United States.

The Sonar was inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 2004.

The design was developed into the Blazer 23, using the same hull, but a larger cabin.
Jean-Louis Olry
Jean-Louis René Olry (born 6 August 1946 in Montrouge) is a French retired slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the C-2 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Olry also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with one gold (C-2: 1969) and two bronzes (K-1 team: 1967, C-2 team: 1969).

He partner in the C-2 boat was his brother Jean-Claude.

Canoeing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-2
These are the results of the men's C-2 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The C-2 (canoe single) event is raced by two-man canoes through a whitewater course.  The venue for the 1972 Olympic competition was in Augsburg.
Gopnik (surname)
Gopnik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Myrna Gopnik (born 1935), Canadian linguist

Adam Gopnik (born 1956), American writer, son of Myrna

Alison Gopnik (born 1955), psychology professor, daughter of Myrna

Blake Gopnik (born 1963), American art critic, son of Myrna

Adam Gopnik
Adam Gopnik (born August 24, 1956) is an American writer and essayist, who was raised in Montreal, Canada. He is best known as a staff writer for The New Yorker, to which he has contributed nonfiction, fiction, memoir, and criticism since 1986.

He is the author of nine books, including Paris to the Moon, Through the Children's Gate, The King in the Window, and A Thousand Small Sanities: The Moral Adventure of Liberalism. In 2020, his essay "The Driver's Seat" was cited as the most-assigned piece of contemporary nonfiction in the English-language syllabus.