hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrzej Osiecimski-Czapski
Andrzej Osiecimski-Czapski (8 July 1899 – 14 May 1976) was a Polish rower. He competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris with the men's single sculls where he was eliminated in heat one.

Osiecimski-Czapski was also an ice hockey player with AZS Warszawa, and competed for the Polish national team at the 1926 European Championships.

AZS Warsaw
Academic Sports Association Warsaw (Polish: Akademicki Związek Sportowy Warszawa) was a former multi-section University sports club based in Warsaw, Poland. The club was dissolved into University clubs within Universities in Warsaw that were re-established when the club was dissolved, including AZS Politechnika Warsaw, and AZS Uniwersytet Warszawski.
Centrolene acanthidiocephalum
Centrolene acanthidiocephalum, commonly known as the Santander giant glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Its current placement within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain (incertae sedis). It is endemic to Colombia where it is only known from the region of the type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental in the Santander Department, at the elevations of 1,750–2,100 m (5,740–6,890 ft) asl.

Its natural habitats are cloud forests where it occurs on vegetation next to streams. Its conservation status is unable to be classified due to insufficient data.

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
Illinois Route 394
Illinois Route 394 (IL 394), also known as the Calumet Expressway, is a 14.6-mile-long (23.5 km) four-lane state highway that travels north from a junction with IL 1 south of Crete to an interchange in South Holland with Interstate 294/Interstate 94/Interstate 80 (I-294/I-94/I-80, Tri-State Tollway/Bishop Ford Freeway; this route is an extension of, but not part of the latter freeway). Although not an Interstate Highway, Illinois 394 is an Interstate-standard highway from its junction with Sauk Trail at Sauk Village to its northern terminus at the I-294/I-94/I-80 interchange in South Holland. IL 394 functions as a bypass of IL 1 to the west, of which it was formerly part, and provides access to southern suburbs of Chicago.

Interstate Highway standards
Standards for Interstate Highways in the United States are defined by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the publication A Policy on Design Standards: Interstate System. For a certain highway to be considered an Interstate Highway, it must meet these construction requirements or obtain a waiver from the Federal Highway Administration.
Penns Manor Area Junior/Senior High School
Penns Manor Area High School is a public high school in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, serving the communities of Clymer and Heilwood, as well as Cherryhill and Pine Townships. The campus is located between the communities at the junction/multiplex of Routes 403, 553, and 580.

Cherryhill Township, Pennsylvania
Cherryhill Township is a township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was named for Cherry Hill Manor, which was surveyed to the Penns. The population was 2,477 at the 2020 census. It includes the communities of Buck Run, Hustonville, Ideal, Kenwood, Manor, Manver, Diamondville (previously Mitchell's Mills), Penn Run (previously Greenville), Pikes Peak, Rembrandt, Sample Run, and Weimer. The township surrounds but does not include the borough of Clymer.
Kravtsov
Kravtsov (Russian: Кравцов) is a Russian language surname of Western Slavic origin, krawc coming from the Polish krawiec/kravets, 'tailor' (the native Russian word for 'tailor' is portnoy). The German-language transcription commonly used in the past is Krawtzoff.

Notable people with the surname include:

West Slavic languages
The West Slavic languages are a subdivision of the Slavic language group. They include Polish, Czech, Slovak, Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian. The languages have traditionally been spoken across a mostly continuous region encompassing the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, the westernmost regions of Ukraine and Belarus, and a bit of eastern Lithuania. In addition, there are several language islands such as the Sorbian areas in Lusatia in Germany, and Slovak areas in Hungary and elsewhere.
Neobus (Serbia)
Neobus a.d. (full legal name: Neobus, Novosadska fabrika autobusa a.d. Novi Sad) was a Serbian bus manufacturer which went bankrupt in 2012. The major shareholder from 2004 was a Saudi businessman Alaa Maghrabi Mohammedali A. Neobus produced buses on its original chassis and on the chassis of other manufacturers such as Volvo, DAF Bus, Mercedes-Benz, FAP.

Chassis
A chassis (US: /ˈtʃæ.si/, UK: /ˈʃæ.si/; plural chassis /-iz/ from French châssis [ʃɑsi]), is the load-bearing framework of a manufactured object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.
Federal University of Sergipe
The Federal University of Sergipe (Portuguese: Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS) is a Brazilian public institution based in Sergipe, with campuses in São Cristóvão, Aracaju, Itabaiana, Laranjeiras, and Lagarto. Founded in 1967 by the junction of the state's existing colleges, it became its second university (the first being the University of Tiradentes, a private institution founded in 1962) and its first public one. It became the state's most reputable and competitive higher education institution, ranking among the country's 40 best universities and Latin America's top 200 list.

Lagarto, Sergipe
Lagarto (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [laˈɡaʁtu]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Sergipe, in the Northeast region of the country. It is located in the Center-South region of the State and is one of the largest cities in the interior, with an estimated population, in 2021, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), of 106,015  inhabitants. The third most populous municipality in Sergipe, the city is located 75 km from the capital, Aracaju.

Its geographical location includes 500,000 inhabitants within a circular radius of 50 km, making it a multi-regional hub.
Mohammad Farhad Azimi
Mohammad Farhad Azimi (Dari: محمدفرهاد عظیمی, born 1976 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh) is an Afghan politician, who served as governor of Balkh province from 2021 to August 2021. He is also a professor at Balkh University, former chairman of Balkh Provincial Council, and representative of the people of Balkh in the 16th term of the House of Representatives. He was the chairman and member of Legislative Affairs Commission in the 16th term of House of Representatives of Afghanistan and was the Ambassador and special plenipotentiary of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Kazakhstan.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Ethylene dione
Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, carbon peroxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula C2O2 or O=C=C=O.  It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), and can be described as the carbon-carbon covalent  dimer of carbon monoxide. It can also be thought of as the dehydrated form of glyoxylic acid (H(C=O)COOH), or a ketone of ethenone H2C=C=O.

Dehydration reaction
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of an H2O from the reacting molecule(s) or ion(s). This reaction results in the release of the H2O as water. When the reaction involves the coupling of two molecules into a single molecule it is referred to as a condensation reaction. Dehydration reactions are common processes in the manufacture of chemical compounds as well as naturally occurring within living organisms.

The reverse of a dehydration reaction is called a hydration reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction yielding water is called hydrolysis.
Prophetiae Sibyllarum
Prophetiae Sibyllarum ("Sibylline Prophecies" or "Sibylline Oracles") are a series of twelve motets by the Franco-Flemish composer Orlando di Lasso. The works are known for their extremely chromatic idiom.

Franco-Flemish School
The designation Franco-Flemish School, also called Netherlandish School, Burgundian School, Low Countries School, Flemish School, Dutch School, or Northern School, refers to the style of polyphonic vocal music composition originating from France and from the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as to the composers who wrote it. The spread of their technique, especially after the revolutionary development of printing, produced the first true international style since the unification of Gregorian chant in the 9th century. Franco-Flemish composers mainly wrote sacred music, primarily masses, motets, and hymns.
Dominik Stipsits
Dominik Stipsits (born 1 September 1994) is an Austrian badminton player. Stipsits was born in Korneuburg, and spent his childhood in Stammersdorf, Vienna. He started to playing badminton in 2002, and selected to join the national team in 2013. As a junior player, he competed at the 2012 BWF World Junior Championships and 2013 European Junior Badminton Championships. In 2017, he competed at the World Championships reach in to the second round. He won his first senior international title at the 2017 Bulgarian International tournament in the mixed doubles event partnered with Antonia Meinke.

2017 BWF World Championships
The 2017 BWF World Championships of badminton were held from 21 to 27 August at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow, Scotland.

The venue can hold 6,000 spectators. When Glasgow hosted the event in 1997 it was held at the Scotstoun Centre.
Porky's Romance
Porky's Romance is a 1937 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Frank Tashlin. The short was released on April 3, 1937, and stars Porky Pig and Petunia Pig (albeit a prototype version of her), in her debut appearance.

Frank Tashlin
Frank Tashlin (born Francis Fredrick von Taschlein, February 19, 1913 – May 5, 1972), also known as Tish Tash and Frank Tash, was an American animator and filmmaker. He was best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated shorts for Warner Bros., as well as his work as a director of live-action comedy films.
Etrog (political term)
Etrog (literally "citron", but has a special meaning in Judaism, see "Etrog") has become an epithet in the Israeli politics for a politician whom journalists prefer not to criticize. The corresponding preferential treatment by journalists is called אתרוגנות,  "etrogization", as well as a verb לְאַתְרֵג, "to etrogize": to protect as an etrog.

The first use of this metaphor is attributed to the Israeli journalist Amnon Abramovich. In February 2005, during Ariel Sharon's campaign to promote his disengagement plan, Abramovich (who supported the plan) said that Israeli journalists should protect Sharon like an etrog: as long as the disengagement plan was not completed they should cherish him and refrain from attacking him, but once the plan was carried out they should treat him like an etrog after the holiday [of Sukkot] is over, i.e. stop protecting him.

Amnon Abramovich
Amnon Abramovich (Hebrew: אמנון אברמוביץ'; born September 15, 1951) is an Israeli publicist, journalist, and political commentator. He is the political commentator for the news company that broadcasts on Channel 12.
Die Zwillingsbrüder
Die Zwillingsbrüder (The Twin Brothers, D. 647) is a one-act Singspiel (sometimes also described as a Posse mit Gesang) composed by Franz Schubert in 1819 on a libretto by Georg Ernst von Hofmann. Die Zwillingsbrüder was first performed at the Kärntnertortheater on June 14, 1820.

Hofmann based the libretto on the 1818 French vaudeville Les deux Valentin (The Two Valentines) by Marc-Antoine Madeleine Désaugiers and Michel-Joseph Gentil de Chavagnac (1770–1846).

Die Zwillingsbrüder, like Schubert's other operatic works, met with limited success both at the work's inception and over time. Critics attribute this to the weakness of the libretto as well as to a mismatch between the lightness of the subject matter and the refined nature of Schubert's music. In this work, Schubert's music often approaches the style of Mozart, evoking for instance Die Zauberflöte.

Marc-Antoine Madeleine Désaugiers
Marc-Antoine Madeleine Désaugiers (17 November 1772 – 9 August 1827) was a French composer, dramatist, and songwriter.

Désaugiers is easily confused in historical writings with his father, Marc-Antoine Désaugiers (b. Fréjus, 1742 – d. Paris, 10 September 1793), who was himself a composer of eleven operatic works, mostly comedies, for the stages of Paris, and left ten stage compositions unperformed. Both father and son died in their early 50s.
Oldonyo Murwak hill
Oldonyo Murwak is a site where the Maasai tribes of Kenya and Tanzania perform coming of age ceremonies. The hill, located in Hai District, Tanzania, in the Sanya Plains, has been put forward for consideration to listed as a World Heritage site of "outstanding universal value"

Hai District, Kilimanjaro
Hai  is one of the seven districts of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.The district covers approximately 1,217 square kilometres (470 mi2).  It is bordered to the southwest by the Meru District of Arusha Region, to the west by the Siha District, and to the east by the Moshi Urban District and Moshi Rural District and the Rombo District to the far north.
The western breach part of Mount Kilimanjaro is located in the Hai District.
According to the 2022 census, the population of the Hai District was 240,999.
Bill Nickell
Bill Nickell (born c. 1988) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Defiance College, a position he has held since 2022. He also coached for Urbana, Kent State, Lock Haven, Lake Erie, and Arkansas–Pine Bluff. He played college football for Urbana as a center.

Defiance College
The Defiance College is a private college in Defiance, Ohio, United States. Affiliated with the United Church of Christ, the campus includes eighteen buildings and access to the 200-acre (80.9 ha) Thoreau Wildlife Sanctuary. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Geology of the Gower Peninsula
The geology of the Gower Peninsula in South Wales is central to the area's character and to its appeal to visitors. The peninsula is formed almost entirely from a faulted and folded sequence of Carboniferous rocks though both the earlier Old Red Sandstone and later New Red Sandstone are also present. Gower lay on the southern margin of the last ice sheet and has been a focus of interest for researchers and students in that respect too. Cave development and the use of some for early human occupation is a further significant aspect of the peninsula's scientific and cultural interest.

Port Eynon
Port Eynon (also spelt Port Einon, Porth Einon in Welsh; marked on Ordnance Survey maps as Port-Eynon) is a village and community within the City and County of Swansea, Wales, on the far south tip of the Gower Peninsula within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The A4118 from Swansea city centre terminates here.

The community has its own elected community council, and had a population of 597 in 2011. The community includes the hamlet of Llanddewi.
Guillermo Daniel Ortega Reyes
Guillermo Daniel Ortega Reyes is and politician from Nicaragua who served as President of the Central American Parliament from 28 October 2021 to October 2022. He is also an evangelical pastor and leader of the Christian Unity Party, a member of the ruling United Alliance Nicaragua Triumphs.

Central American Parliament
14°36′57″N 90°30′38″W﻿ / ﻿14.6158°N 90.5105°W﻿ / 14.6158; -90.5105

The Central American Parliament (Spanish: Parlamento Centroamericano), also known as PARLACEN, is the political institution and parliamentary body of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Its headquarters are in Guatemala City.
JuK
JuK is a free software audio player by KDE, the default player since K Desktop Environment 3.2. JuK supports collections of MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and FLAC audio files.

JuK was started by Scott Wheeler in 2000, and was originally called QTagger; however, it was not until 2002 that the application was moved into KDE CVS, where it has grown into a mature audio application. It was first officially part of KDE in KDE 3.2.

Media player software
Media player software is a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play (), pause (), fastforward (⏩️), rewind (⏪), and stop () buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or "playback bars"), which are sliders to locate the current position in the duration of the media file.

Mainstream operating systems have at least one default media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player and it’s 2022 successor, while macOS comes with QuickTime Player and Apple Music. Linux distributions come with different media players, such as SMPlayer, Amarok, Audacious, Banshee, MPlayer, mpv, Rhythmbox, Totem, VLC media player, and xine. Android comes with YouTube Music for audio and Google Photos for video, and smartphone vendors such as Samsung may bundle custom software.
Rowlinson
Rowlinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Rowlinson (1882–1941), British politician

George Henry Rowlinson (1852–1937), British trade unionist

Gerard Rowlinson (born 1941), British swimmer

John Shipley Rowlinson (1926–2018), British chemist

Matthew Rowlinson (born 1956), Canadian academic

Norman Rowlinson (1923–2006), English football chairman

Gerard Rowlinson
Gerard Rowlinson (born 15 August 1941) is a British former swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre breaststroke at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

At the ASA National British Championships, he won the 220 yards breaststroke title in 1959 and 1960.
Reiner Scholl
Reiner Scholl (born 31 May 1961) is a West German sprint canoeist who competed from the mid to late 1980s. He won a complete set of medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 500 m: 1986), a silver (K-4 500 m: 1989), and a bronze (K-4 500 m: 1987).

Scholl also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fourth in the K-2 500 m event at Seoul in 1988.

1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Montreal, Canada at the Notre Dame Island. This is also where the canoeing and rowing competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics took place.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 20th championships in canoe sprint.
Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA
Throughout the protracted conflict in Northern Ireland (1960s-1998),  the Provisional IRA  developed a series of improvised mortars to attack British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) security bases. The organisation also purchased both light and heavy machine guns in order to hamper the British Army supply of border bases by helicopter. The IRA fitted vehicles, specially vans and trucks, with both types of weapons. Vans, trucks and tractors were modified to transport concealed improvised mortars to a launch area near the intended target and fire them, while light and heavy trucks were employed as firing platforms mounting machine guns, particularly M60s and DShKs. Improvised armoured vehicles and heavy equipment were also used to penetrate the perimeter of fortified security bases. The IRA vehicles were often disguised as belonging to civilian companies or even government agencies.

Newtownhamilton
Newtownhamilton (Irish: An Baile Úr, meaning 'the New Town') is a small village and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. 10 miles (16 km) west of Newry, it lies predominantly within Tullyvallan townland in the area known as South Armagh.

It is within the Newry, Mourne and Down local government district, and the civil parish is within the historic barony of Fews Upper. In the 2011 census it had 2,836 inhabitants.

The village is built around two narrow main streets (Armagh Street and Dundalk Street) and a main town square (The Square). Other places include Newry Street, Castleblaney Street (known locally as 'Blaney Hill'), Shambles Lane and The Commons. Residential areas include Dungormley Estate, Meadowvale and the Nine Mile Road.
Goltz
Goltz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bogumil Goltz (1801–1870), German humorist and satirist

Boris Goltz (1913–1942), Soviet composer

Christel Goltz (1912–2008), German operatic soprano

Dave Goltz (born 1949), American baseball player

Franziska Goltz (born 1985), German sports sailor

Friedrich Goltz (1834–1902), German physiologist

Gene Goltz (1930–2001), American journalist

Hans Goltz (1873–1927), German art dealer

Hendrick Goltz (1558–1617), German-born Dutch printmaker and artist

Hubert Goltz (1526–1583), Dutch printmaker and artist

Justin Goltz (born 1987), American football player

Paolo Goltz (born 1985), Argentine football player

Rick Goltz (born 1955), Canadian football player

Thomas Goltz (born 1954), American author and journalist

Ursula Goltz, German computer scientist

Thomas Goltz
Thomas Goltz (October 11, 1954 – July 29, 2023) was an American author and journalist best known for his accounts of the Wars in the Caucasus during the 1990s. He spent 15 years in and around Turkey and the Caucasus.
South African Musicians' Alliance
The South African Musicians' Alliance (SAMA) is a union, artist collective, and resistance movement formed by musicians in South Africa who opposed the censorship and suppression of the apartheid regime. The alliance was formed sometime before 1983. SAMA musicians flouted the government's imposed racial segregation and restrictions on music content. Three of SAMA's priorities were freedom of speech, freedom of movement, and freedom of association.

One prominent spokesperson of the organisation was pianist Rashid Lanie.

Artist collective
An artist collective or art group or artist group is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management, towards shared aims. The aims of an artist collective can include almost anything that is relevant to the needs of the artist; this can range from purchasing bulk materials, sharing equipment, space or materials, to following shared ideologies, aesthetic and political views or even living and working together as an extended family. Sharing of ownership, risk, benefits, and status is implied, as opposed to other, more common business structures with an explicit hierarchy of ownership such as an association or a company.

Many artist collectives had and still have a major and significant influence on the various epochs of art history. In a broader sense, literary groups and group formations of musicians can also be referred to as artist collectives or groups.