hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Waddams Grove
The Battle of Waddams Grove, also known as the Battle of Yellow Creek was part of the Black Hawk War. It took place in present-day Stephenson County, Illinois on June 18, 1832. After several incidents of Sauk Indian raids on settlers along the Apple River, Captain James W. Stephenson left Galena with a group of volunteer militia in pursuit of the Native party. The group clashed on June 18, 1832 near Yellow Creek and the ensuing battle descended into a bayonet and knife fight in which several Sauk and three militia men were killed. Stephenson was severely wounded by a musketball to the chest during the fighting. The dead were eventually interred in a memorial cemetery in Kellogg's Grove, Illinois where a stone monument was erected in memory of those killed during the war.

Knife fight
A knife fight is a violent physical confrontation between two or more combatants in which one or more participants are armed with a knife. A knife fight is defined by the presence of a knife as a weapon and the violent intent of the combatants to kill or incapacitate each other; the participants may be completely untrained, self-taught, or trained in one or more formal or informal systems of knife fighting. Knife fights may involve the use of any type of knife, though certain knives, termed fighting knives, are purposely designed for such confrontations – the dagger being just one example.
Donald Maclean (died 1874)
Donald Maclean (1800 – 21 March 1874) was a British barrister and member of parliament.

The son of Fitzroy Jeffreys Grafton Maclean, of Barbados, who later became Clan Chief of Clan Maclean and inherited a baronetcy, Maclean was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. In 1823 he was elected as the first President of the newly created Oxford Union, graduated BA in 1823, and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1827. From 1835 to 1847 he was one of the two members of parliament for the City of Oxford constituency, and in 1844 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws.

He was the younger brother of Sir Charles Maclean, 9th Baronet. In 1827 he married Harriet, daughter of General Frederick Maitland, and died in 1874.

Oxford Union
The Oxford Union Society is a debating society in the city of Oxford, England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest university unions and is widely considered as one of the world's most prestigious private students' societies. The Oxford Union exists independently from the university and is distinct from the Oxford University Student Union.

The Oxford Union has a tradition of hosting some of the world's most prominent individuals across politics, academia, and popular culture ranging from Albert Einstein and Elton John to Sir Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II and Mahathir Mohamad. Many former Presidents of the Union have gone on to hold high office in the UK and the Commonwealth including William Gladstone, Ted Heath, Boris Johnson, and Benazir Bhutto.
Oriental Brothers International
The Oriental Brothers International, also known as The Oriental Brothers, was a Nigerian orchestra high life band from Eastern Nigeria, and was the country's first high life boy band formed shortly after the Nigerian-Biafran War in the 1970s. It was originally formed by Dr Sir Warrior, Dan Satch Opara, Nathaniel Ejiogu, Godwin Kabaka Opara and Prince Ichita.

The band released a total number of 39 studio albums, 7 compilations and 4 extended play.

Eastern Region, Nigeria
The Eastern Region was an administrative region in Nigeria, dating back originally from the division of the colony Southern Nigeria in 1954. Its first capital was Calabar. The capital was later moved to Enugu and the second capital was Umuahia. The region was officially divided in 1967 into three new states, the East-Central State, Rivers State and South-Eastern State. East-Central State had its capital at Enugu, which is now part of Enugu State.

The region had the country's third-, fourth- and fifth-largest indigenous ethnic groups including Igbo, Ibibio and Ijaw, respectively. It was what later became Biafra, which was in rebellion from 1967 to 1970.
Victoria Avenue, Perth
Victoria Avenue is a street in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia.

At the northern end of Victoria Avenue is Victoria Square enclosing St Mary's Cathedral.

South from Victoria Square, it crosses Hay Street, and is the point where St Georges Terrace and Adelaide Terrace meet. It continues south to  Riverside Drive next to the Swan River.

Victoria Avenue is frequently used in the annual Channel 7 Christmas Pageant.

TVW
TVW is a television station broadcasting in Perth, Western Australia, wholly owned by Southern Cross Media Group. It was the first television station in Western Australia, commencing broadcasting on 16 October 1959. It broadcasts a modulated 64-QAM signal of five  DVB channels (Seven Network, 7two, 7mate, 7flix and Racing.com). The primary channel was available as a PAL-B modulated simulcast on VHF channel 7 at 182.25 MHz before being discontinued in the first half of 2013; it had been the station's primary signal since its inception. The TVW callsign stands for TV (Television) Western Australia.
Hansgeorg Schnöckel
Hansgeorg Schnöckel, born 1941 in Marienburg, is a German chemist and emeritus Professor of analytical chemistry at the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie.  He gained renown for studies on reduced silicon and aluminium compounds.

Schnöckel studied chemistry at the University of Münster under the direction of H. J. Becher focused on spectroscopic studies of boron compounds. In 1981, he finished his habilitation on matrix isolation of reactive silicon oxides. He was the Professor in Münster und Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. In 1993, he assumed the professorship in Karlsruhe.

In 2004, he  received the Alfred Stock prize.

Alfred Stock
Alfred Stock (July 16, 1876 – August 12, 1946) was a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him.
Ruslan Mingazow
Ruslan Kamilýewiç Mingazow (Tatar: Руслан Камил улы Минһаҗев; born 23 November 1991) is a Turkmen professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee and the Turkmenistan national team.

Turkmenistan national football team
The Turkmenistan national football team (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň milli futbol ýygyndysy) represents Turkmenistan in men's international football. It is controlled by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan, the governing body for football in Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan's home ground is the Kopetdag Stadium and their head coach is Mergen Orazow. The team represents FIFA and Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
Jaquinta of Bari
Jaquinta (Serbian Cyrillic: Јаквинта, romanized: Jakvinta; fl. 1081 – 1118) was a queen consort of Dioclea by marriage to king Constantine Bodin.  She is best known for her role in the Dioclean civil war, where she violently intervened in a succession crisis following the death of her husband, Constantine Bodin.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Moeki Fukushi
Moeki Fukushi (born 11 March 1999) is a Japanese rugby sevens player. He competed for Japan at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Fukushi represented the Japanese under-20 side at the 2019 Under 20 Trophy tournament.

Japan national under-20 rugby union team
The Japan national under-20 rugby union team is Japan's junior national team in rugby union.

Japan won the IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy in 2014, beating Tonga in the final 35–10. This qualified them for the 2015 IRB Junior World Championship in Italy. The team also competed at the Oceania U20 Championship in 2015.
Nah Eeto
Nah Eeto is a Kenyan rapper and videographer, currently releasing music on UK-based label Blah Records. She has collaborated with many English and African artists, and raps both in the Swahili and English language. She has worked with respected Afrobeat and jazz drummer Tony Allen and Blah founder Lee Scott, among others.

Lee Scott (rapper)
Lee Scott is an English rapper, author, producer, and co-founder of record label Blah Records.

He has been making hip hop since 2003, and started Blah in 2006. As well as Blah artists, Scott has worked with veteran rapper Jehst on his label YNR and has released music on High Focus Records.
Notre-Dame de Guebwiller
Notre-Dame (Church of Our Lady) is a Neoclassical Catholic parish church in the town of Guebwiller, in the Haut-Rhin department of France. The church is classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1841. The building is remarkable for its size and for the quality of its decoration; it is considered as the most important Neoclassical church in Alsace, and as an outstanding and most sumptuous example of early Neoclassical architecture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Four Battles in North Africa
Four Battles in North Africa is a collection of four board wargames published in 1976 by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) that simulate various battles during the North African Campaign of World War II.

Redmond A. Simonsen
Redmond Aksel Simonsen (June 18, 1942 – March 9, 2005) was an American graphic artist and game designer best known for his work at the board wargame company Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in the 1970s and early 1980s. Simonsen was considered an innovator in game information graphics, and is credited with creating the term "game designer".: 98

As art director at SPI Simonsen supervised the release of over 400 game titles, and had game design or development credit for over twenty games. In addition, he variously held positions of executive art editor and co-editor or executive editor for the SPI magazines Strategy & Tactics, MOVES and Ares. Simonsen was the Charles Roberts Awards Hall of Fame inductee for 1977. He was honored as a "famous game designer" by being featured as the king of clubs in Flying Buffalo's 2008 Famous Game Designers Playing Card Deck.
Parable of the broken window
The parable of the broken window was introduced by French economist Frédéric Bastiat in his 1850 essay "That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen" ("Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas") to illustrate why destruction, and the money spent to recover from destruction, is not actually a net benefit to society.

The parable seeks to show how opportunity costs, as well as the law of unintended consequences, affect economic activity in ways that are unseen or ignored. The belief that destruction is good for the economy is consequently known as the broken window fallacy or glazier's fallacy.

Opportunity cost
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had if the second best available choice had been taken instead. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost.
Universal Right to Vote by Mail Act
The Universal Right to Vote by Mail Act (H.R. 1604, S. 3299) is a proposed bill that would "Amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to prohibit a state from imposing additional conditions or requirements on the eligibility of an individual to cast a vote in federal elections by mail, except to the extent that it imposes a deadline for requesting the ballot and returning it to the appropriate state or local election official.".  The bill would remove restrictions in 22 states that require specific reasons, such as doctors notes, for voting absentee by mail.

Susan Davis (politician)
Susan Carol Davis (née Alpert; born April 13, 1944) is a former American politician who served as the U.S. representative for California's 49th congressional district for one term and California's 53rd congressional district for nine terms from 2001 to 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Her district included central and eastern portions of the city of San Diego, as well as eastern suburbs such as El Cajon, La Mesa, Spring Valley, and Lemon Grove.
Maino (surname)
Maino is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Maino (born 1951), Italian athlete

Cristian Maino (born 1971), Argentine sprint canoer

Juan Maino (died c. 1976), Chilean political activist

Lucy Maino (born 1995), Papua New Guinean footballer and beauty pageant titleholder

Mauro Maino (born 1966), Italian male curler

Paolo Maino (born 1989), Italian footballer

Sonia Gandhi (born 1946), Indian politician, née Maino

Theodore C. Maino (1913–1997), American diplomat

Lucy Maino
Lucy Philomena Maino (born 2 August 1995) is a Papua New Guinean footballer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Papua New Guinea 2019. She is a two-time Pacific Games gold medalist as part of the Papua New Guinean women's national football team.
Chander Naun
Chandar Nahan is a high altitude lake which is located in Rohru tehsil of Shimla district in Himachal Pradesh, India at an elevation of about 4,260 m (13,980 ft) above sea level. It is surrounded by snow for a long time and is the source of the river Pabbar.

Shimla district
Shimla district, known as Simla district until 1972, is one of the twelve districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of Shimla. Neighbouring districts are Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from 987 metres (3,238 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,764 ft). Shimla district culturally is part of the Mahasu region.

As of 2011, it is the third most populated district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Kangra and Mandi. It is the most urbanized district of Himachal Pradesh.
The Aftermath (Jonathan Coulton album)
The Aftermath is a collection of songs released following the 'aftermath' of the Thing a Week project by comedy rock musician Jonathan Coulton. The project was originally intended to be Coulton's eighth studio album. After he was convinced to start recording in a professional studio by John Flansburgh, however, Coulton decided to scrap this project and start anew for his next album, which later became Artificial Heart. Tracks 6–9 were written and recorded as part of FRED Entertainment's "Masters of Song Fu" competition.

John Flansburgh
John Conant Flansburgh (born May 6, 1960) is an American musician and a co-founder of the alternative rock band They Might Be Giants with John Linnell, which was formed in 1982. He is the lead writer and singer, playing rhythm guitar for the band.

Flansburgh was born in Lexington, Massachusetts to Earl Flansburgh and Polly Flansburgh. His brother is political organizer and activist Paxus Calta. Flansburgh attended the George Washington University and got an arts degree at Pratt Institute.

He writes and sings for his band They Might Be Giants though has also done solo projects. Flansburgh founded and was the lead singer of the solo band Mono Puff. He has directed music videos for various artists and produced Jonathon Coulton's album Artificial Heart.
Maria Kokoszyńska-Lutmanowa
Maria Kokoszyńska-Lutmanowa (born Maria Kokoszyńska, 6 December 1905 – 30 June 1981) was a Polish logician, philosopher of language and epistemologist. She belonged to the third generation of the Lwów–Warsaw school. She is mostly known as the author of the important argumentation against neopositivism of the Vienna Circle as well as one of the main critics of relativistic theories of truth. She was also noted for popularising Tarski's works on semantics.

Kokoszyńska studied philosophy in Lwów under Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (and Kazimierz Twardowski) at the Jan Kazimierz University, and at the University of Cambridge under Ludwig Wittgenstein.

She later held the chair of logic at the University of Wrocław.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Ousmane Touré (swimmer)
Ousmane Touré (born 1 November 2002) is a Malian swimmer. In 2019, he represented Mali at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. He competed in the men's 50 metre butterfly and men's 100 metre butterfly events, where he did not advance to compete in the semi-finals.

In 2018, he competed in the boys' 50 metre butterfly and boys' 100 metre butterfly events at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The following year, he represented Mali at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He competed in the men's 50 metre butterfly and men's 100 metre butterfly events, and in both events he did not advance to compete in the final.

2018 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2018 Summer Youth Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud de 2018), officially known as the III Summer Youth Olympic Games, and commonly known as Buenos Aires 2018, were an international sports, cultural, and educational event held from 6 to 18 October 2018 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They were the first Youth Olympic Games held outside of Eurasia, and the first Summer Games held outside of Asia and the first to be held in the Western and Southern hemispheres.

It was the second Olympic Games held in South America after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was also the final Summer Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach as the subsequent Summer Youth Olympics in 2022 was postponed to 2026 as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
Haslum
Haslum is a district in the municipality of Bærum, Norway. Its population (2007) is 6,041. 
Haslum is served by  Haslum station on the Kolsås Line (Kolsåsbanen) of Oslo Metro. It is situated between Avløs and Gjønnes.
Haslum is noted for Haslum Church (Haslum kirke) its medieval parish church, which is surrounded by a historic cemetery.

Gjønnes station
Gjønnes is a rapid transit station of the Oslo Metro's Kolsås Line, situated in the Bærum, Norway, neighborhood of Gjønnes, just west of Bekkestua. Located 11.8 kilometers (7.3 mi) from Stortinget, the station is served by Line 3 of the metro, normally with a fifteen-minute headway. Travel time to Stortinget is 22 minutes. The station is a popular park and ride site, with 200 parking places.

The station opened on 4 November 1924 as part of the Lilleaker Line. It has since 1942 been connected to the city via the Common Tunnel, thus becoming part of the Kolsås Line. The station was closed due to budgetary cuts for part of 2003 and 2004, and then closed for renovations from 1 July 2006. The station opened, along with the upgraded track from Bekkestua, on 8 October 2012, after investments of 113 million were used on the section. The upgrades included lengthening the station to six-car platforms and making it accessible.
WIMS
WIMS (1420 AM) is a radio station in Michigan City, Indiana, and serves the northwest Indiana listening area. Its format is primarily classic hits music, news, talk and sports. The station is currently owned by Gerard Media, LLC.

WIMS has been broadcasting live from Michigan City since 1947, having begun broadcasting August 8 of that year on 1420 kHz with 1 kW power (daytime only). It was licensed to Northern Indiana Broadcasters Inc. Most recently it is run by Ric Federighi and his brothers of Gerard Media LLC.

WIMS is an affiliate of the Grand Valley State Laker football radio network.

WIMS is also broadcast over two translators, W236BD 95.1 in Michigan City, and W294CY 106.7 in Valparaiso.

Valparaiso, Indiana
Valparaiso (/ˌvælpəˈreɪzoʊ/ VAL-pə-RAY-zoh), colloquially Valpo, is a city in and the county seat of Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 34,151 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.