hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murphys Grammar School
Murphys Grammar School is a historic school building in Murphys, California. Built in 1860, the school was the first public school in Murphys. The school was designed in a vernacular Greek Revival style, which was popular at the time of its construction; its design includes a cornice held up by square pilasters, a pedimented gable, and a cupola over the entrance with its own cornice and square pilasters. The school operated continuously from its opening until it closed in 1973; at the time of its closing, it was the longest continuously running school west of the Mississippi River.

Albert Abraham Michelson, the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, attended the school.

Murphys Grammar School was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 8, 1973.

Murphys, California
Murphys, originally Murphys New Diggings then Murphy's Camp, is an unincorporated village located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains in Calaveras County, California, United States. The population was 1,995 at the 2020 census, down from 2,213 at the 2010 census.

A former gold mining settlement, the main street today is lined with over two dozen wine tasting rooms and surrounded by local vineyards. Nearby attractions include Calaveras Big Trees State Park, Bear Valley Ski Resort and historic Mercer Caverns. The world's largest crystalline gold leaf is displayed just south of town at Ironstone Vineyards. The town also hosts an annual Irish Day parade and street fair every March on Main Street, with some years seeing over 35,000 people in attendance.
136th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade
The 136th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (MEB) is a unit of the Texas National Guard since 2008. The unit has a long lineage in Texas, beginning in 1917 as the 117th Supply Train of the 42nd Infantry Division. It was reorganized as the 111th Quartermaster Regiment, 36th Infantry Division in 1936, and again in 1942 as the 36th Quartermaster Co.

By March 1963, the unit was known as HHC, 111th Supply and Transport Battalion, and in 1968 as the 111th Transportation Group. It was redesignated again in 1975 as the 111th Area Support Group. Today it is known both as (Joint Task Force) JTF-136 MEB and the 136th MEB.

The mission of the 136 MEB is to support units in a deployment by securing route access, providing security and destroying threats in the rear areas.

42nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 42nd Infantry Division (42ID) ("Rainbow") is a division of the United States Army National Guard. It was nicknamed the Rainbow Division because, during rapid mobilization for service in WWI, it was formed from 27 National Guard units from across the US. The division was engaged in four major operations between July 1918 and the armistice in November 1918, and demobilized in 1919. Since World War I, the 42nd Infantry Division has served in World War II and the global war on terrorism (GWOT).

The division is currently headquartered at the Glenmore Road Armory in Troy, New York. The division headquarters is a unit of the New York Army National Guard.  The division currently includes Army National Guard units from fourteen different states, including Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. As of 2007, 67 percent of 42ID soldiers are located in New York and New Jersey.
Juho Snellman
Johan (Juho) Snellman (31 August 1866 – 27 January 1926) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Karttula. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1904 to 1905 and from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1913 and from 1917 to 1922, representing the Young Finnish Party until 9 December 1918 and the National Coalition Party after that.

Karttula
Karttula (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑrtːulɑ]) is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with the city of Kuopio on 1 January 2011.

The municipality was located in the North Savo region. It had a population of 3,483 (31 October 2010) and covered a land area of 473.38 square kilometres (182.77 sq mi). The population density was 7.36 inhabitants per square kilometre (19.1/sq mi). The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Karttula was consolidated with the city of Kuopio in 2011. Kuopio retained its name and coat of arms.

In the 1980s, each Savonian municipality voted for its own signature dish. Karttula's traditional dish was mykysoppa, a variation of Upper Savo's mykyrokka. Other local dishes include blueberry gruel and sap.
Bienenbüttel
Bienenbüttel is a free municipality in the district of Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Ilmenau, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Uelzen, and 13 kilometres (8 mi) southeast of Lüneburg. Bienenbüttel is a part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and of the Lüneburg Heath (German: Lüneburger Heide).

Bienenbüttel is the seat of the Einheitsgemeinde ("free municipality") Bienenbüttel.
Incorporated into the municipality are the villages of Bargdorf, Beverbeck with Grünewald, Bornsen, Edendorf, Eitzen I with Bardenhagen, Grünhagen, Hohenbostel, Hohnstorf, Niendorf, Rieste with Neu-Rieste, Steddorf with Neu-Steddorf, Varendorf, Wichmannsburg and Wulfstorf.

Bienenbüttel is located on the Elbe Lateral Canal, a 115-kilometre (71 mi) long waterway, and has a station on the highspeed Hanover–Hamburg railway (Hamburg-Uelzen-Hannover).

Hamburg Metropolitan Region
The Hamburg Metropolitan Region (German: Metropolregion Hamburg) is a metropolitan region centred around the city of Hamburg in northern Germany, consisting of eight districts (Landkreise) in the federal state of Lower Saxony, six districts (Kreise) in the state of Schleswig-Holstein and two districts in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern along with the city-state of Hamburg itself. It covers an area of roughly 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) and is home to more than 5.1 million inhabitants.
Central Pashto
Central Pashto (Pashto: منځنۍ پښتو, romanized: Manźanəi Pax̌to) is a standard variety of the Pashto language, spoken in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are the middle dialects of Mangal, Zadran, Mahsudi and Waziri. These dialects are affected by what Ibrahim Khan terms as "the Great Karlāṇ Vowel Shift".

Here is a comparison of Middle Dialects with South Eastern:

Banuchi
The Banuchi(Shitak) (Pashto: شيتک), Bannuzai (Pashto: بنوزي), also Banusi (Pashto: بنوڅي) or Banisi, is a prominent tribe of Pashtun people which has the reputation of being one of the most warlike amongst Pashtun people.They inhabit the Bannu District and Dera Ismail Khan of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and North Waziristan of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, with some members settled in Afghanistan. The Banuchi trace their descent to the Shitak superclan of the larger Karlani tribe. The word banuchi is strictly used for the people who descend from the Shitak super tribe namely Surani (Sur), Mirian (Miri) and Sam (Sami).
Karsten Kohlhaas
Karsten Kohlhaas (born 4 April 1970) is a German male handball player. He was a member of the Germany men's national handball team. He was part of the  team at the 1996 Summer Olympics, playing three matches. On club level he played for TSV Bayer Dormagen.

Germany men's national handball team
The Germany national handball team is the country's national men's handball team and represents Germany in international tournaments in men's handball and is one of the most successful handball teams in the world, having won three World Championships and two European Championship.
Abu Turab al-Zahiri
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Jamīl bin ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq bin ʿAbd al-Waḥīd bin Muḥammad bin al-Hāshim bin Bilāl al-Hāshimī al-ʿUmarī al-ʿAdawī, better known as Abū Turāb al-Ẓāhirī (Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الجميل بن عبد الحق بن عبد الوحيد بن محمد بن الهاشم بن بلال الهاشمي العمري العدوي; 1 January 1923 – 4 May 2002), was an Indian-born Saudi Arabian linguist, jurist, theologian and journalist. he was often referred to as the Sibawayh of his era due to his knowledge of the Arabic language. Al-Ẓāhirī’s contributions to Islamic jurisprudence, poetry, and biographical evaluation have left a lasting impact on the field. Born in Ahmedpur East, Punjab Province, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan), he later became a prominent figure in Saudi Arabia, where he taught Muslim theology at Mecca’s Masjid al-Haram. His extensive travels in pursuit of Islamic manuscripts and his scholarly works have cemented his legacy as a distinguished scholar and author.

Ahmedpur East
Ahmedpur East (also known as Ahmadpur Sharqia) is a historic city located in Bahawalpur District of southern Punjab, Pakistan. As of the 2023 census, the city has a population of approximately 196,618, making it the 69th most populous city in Pakistan. The city is situated near the Cholistan Desert, offering a hot desert climate with extreme summers and mild winters.

Ahmedpur East was built by Ahmed Khan son of Qadir Din Khan and grandson of Piruj Khan, in 1748. The city was badly damaged by heavy floods from the Ghara River in 1758. A new city on a mound half a mile to the south of the previous site was selected for the present city.
2018 Diema Xtra Sofia Open – Singles
Grigor Dimitrov was the defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament because of a shoulder injury.

Mirza Bašić won his first ATP title, defeating Marius Copil in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–7(4–7), 6–4.

Martin Kližan
Martin Kližan (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmartiŋ ˈkliʐan]; born 11 July 1989) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 24, achieved on 27 April 2015, and No. 73 in doubles, achieved on 4 May 2015. He won the 2006 French Open Junior singles title.
Gary Reed (comics)
Gary Reed (May 21, 1956 – October 3, 2016) was an American comic book writer, and the publisher of Caliber Comics, an independent comic book company that released 1,300 titles in the 1990s and published early work by many popular creators. Reed wrote over 200 comics and graphic novels, sometimes under assumed names (including Kyle Garrett, Brent Truax, and Randall Thayer). He was also Vice President of McFarlane Toys when the company launched in 1993. His comics writing credits include Saint Germaine, Baker Street and Deadworld. In addition to comics, Reed wrote a role-playing game for Palladium and wrote some of the storyline scenarios for Final Fight: Streetwise for Capcom.

Harvey Awards
The Harvey Awards are given for achievement in comic books. Named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman, the Harvey Awards were founded by Gary Groth in 1988, president of the publisher Fantagraphics, to be a successor to the Kirby Awards, which were discontinued in 1987.

The Harvey Awards are now nominated by the Harvey Awards Nomination Committee. The winners are selected by an open vote among comic-book professionals. The Harveys are no longer affiliated with Fantagraphics. The Harvey Awards Executive Committee is made up of unpaid volunteers, and the Awards are financed through sponsorships.

Since their inception, the awards have been hosted at a string of comic book conventions, starting at the Chicago Comicon, and subsequently moving to the Dallas Fantasy Fair, WonderCon, the Pittsburgh Comicon, the MoCCA Festival, the Baltimore Comic-Con, and currently the New York Comic Con.
Jaynes Covered Bridge
The Jaynes Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Codding Hollow Road across the North Branch Lamoille River in Waterville, Vermont.  Built in 1877, it is one of three 19th-century covered bridges in the town, and one of five to span the North Branch Lamoille in a five-mile span.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Choaspes benjaminii
Choaspes benjaminii, also known as the Indian awlking or common awlking, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species is named after Benjamin Delessert and was described on the basis of a specimen collected by Adolphe Delessert in the Nilgiris.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Manual handling of loads
Manual handling of loads (MHL) or manual material handling (MMH) involves the use of the human body to lift, lower, carry or transfer loads. The average person is exposed to manual lifting of loads in the work place, in recreational atmospheres, and even in the home. To properly protect one from injuring themselves, it can help to understand general body mechanics.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Calisch
Calisch is a surname with Dutch and Jewish connections. Notable people with this surname include:

Edward Nathan Calisch (1865–1946), American rabbi

Moritz Calisch (1819–1870), Dutch painter

Betty Callish, born Babette Calisch (1886–after 1941), Dutch-born actress, singer and violinist

Edith Lindeman, a.k.a. Edith Elliott Lindeman Calisch (1898–1984), American film and theatre critic and lyric writer

Edith Lindeman
Edith Lindeman (March 21, 1898 – December 22, 1984), also known as Edith Elliott Lindeman Calisch, was the film and theater critic for the Richmond Times-Dispatch from 1933 to 1964. She is best remembered for writing lyrics to popular songs, in collaboration with composer and Richmond radio announcer Carl Stutz.
Amin Yunis al Husseini
Amin Yunis al Husseini (Arabic: أمين يونيس الحسين; 17 December 1929 – 19 September 2016) was a Jordanian politician.

Husseini was born in Jerusalem. He studied at the American University of Beirut and subsequently in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Husseini obtained a BA in Economic Science and later an MA in Administration.

From 1951 to 1953 Husseini worked as a cooperative consultant in Sudan. In 1963 he was a member of the Parliament of Jordan for Jerusalem. From 1963 to 1965 Husseini was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Social Welfare. Between 1967 and 1970 he was Minister of Transport. Husseini served in the cabinets of Hussein ibn Nasser, Bahjat Talhouni and Abdelmunim al-Rifai.

He was a recipient of the Order of the Star of Jordan.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Richard M. Cook
Richard M. Cook is an American academic who specializes in American literature. He was a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2009 and is the author of a biography of the critic Alfred Kazin. Cook teaches American literature at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. He is also the recipient of fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Alfred Kazin
Alfred Kazin (June 5, 1915 – June 5, 1998) was an American writer and  literary critic. His literary reviews appeared in The New York Times, the New York Herald-Tribune, The New Republic and The New Yorker. He wrote often about the immigrant experience in early twentieth-century America. His trilogy of memoirs, A Walker in the City (1951), Starting Out in the Thirties (1965) and New York Jew (1978), were all finalists for the National Book Award for Nonfiction.

He was a distinguished professor of English at Stony Brook University of the State University of New York (1963-1973) and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (1973-1978, 1979-1985).
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
The Republic of Biak-na-Bato (Tagalog: Republika ng Biak-na-Bato) was the second revolutionary republican government led by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution that referred to itself as the Republic of the Philippines (Tagalog: Republika ng Pilipinas) and was seated in what is now Biak-na-Bato National Park. The current designation was adopted by historians to avoid confusion with the name of the current Philippine government, which also refers to itself as the Republic of the Philippines, and with other past Philippine governments using the same designation.

The Biak-na-Bato republic lasted just over a month. It was disestablished by a peace treaty signed by Aguinaldo and the Spanish Governor-General, Fernando Primo de Rivera, which included provisions for the exile of Aguinaldo and key associates to Hong Kong.

Seat of government
A seat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally the capital of the state or administrative entity in question, although there are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certain territorial subdivisions are administrative centre, county seat (common in the United States), county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), or barrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government include official residences, supreme court buildings, city or town halls, administrative or executive buildings, shire or county halls, legislative buildings, and barangay halls.
Thyrea (Greece)
Thyrea (Ancient Greek: Θυρέα), also Thyraea, Thyreae or Thyreai (Θυρέαι), was a town of Cynuria, and was fought over between ancient Argolis and ancient Laconia. Its territory was called the Thyreatis (Θυρεᾶτις). According to Pausanias, Thyrea was named after a mythological figure: Thyraeos, the son of Lycaon.

Laconia
Laconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, [lakoˈni.a]) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
Worshipful Company of Girdlers
The Worshipful Company of Girdlers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London.

Girdlers were granted the right to regulate their trade in the City from 1327 and obtained a Royal Charter in 1449. Girdlers, or makers of belts and girdles, are no longer closely related to their original trade. Along with the products of many other Livery Companies, girdles have become less important than in medieval times. However, the Company continues its long tradition as a charitable body.

The Girdlers' Company ranks twenty-third in the order of precedence among City Livery Companies. The Company's motto is Give Thanks To God.

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
1982 California gubernatorial election
The 1982 California gubernatorial election occurred on November 2, 1982. The Republican nominee, Attorney General George Deukmejian, narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley. Incumbent Governor Jerry Brown did not seek reelection to a third consecutive term; he later successfully ran again in 2010 and 2014.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
North Moat Mountain
North Moat Mountain is a mountain located in Carroll County, New Hampshire. 
North Moat is flanked to the south by Middle Moat Mountain, and to the west by Big Attitash Mountain.

North Moat Mountain stands within the watershed of the upper Saco River, which drains into the Gulf of Maine at Saco, Maine. The northwest side of North Moat Mtn. drains into Lucy Brook, thence into the Saco River.
The east side of North Moat drains into Moat Brook, thence into the Saco. The southwest side of North Moat drains into Deer Brook, thence into the Swift River, a tributary of the Saco.

Saco, Maine
Saco (/ˈsɑːkoʊ/ SAH-koh) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 20,381 at the 2020 census. It is home to Ferry Beach State Park, Funtown Splashtown USA, Thornton Academy and General Dynamics Armament Systems (also known by its former name, Saco Defense), a subsidiary of the defense contractor General Dynamics. Saco sees much tourism during summer months due to its amusement parks, Camp Ellis Beach and Pier, Ferry Beach State Park, and proximity to Old Orchard Beach.

Saco is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Saco's twin-city is Biddeford.