hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bid rent theory
The bid rent theory is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. Bid rent theory was developed by William Alonso in 1964, it was extended from the von Thünen model, who analyzed agricultural land use. The first theoretician of the bid rent effect was David Ricardo. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre. This is based upon the idea that retail establishments wish to maximize their profitability, so they are much more willing to pay more for land close to the CBD and less for land further away from this area. This theory is based upon the reasoning that the more accessible an area (i.e., the greater the concentration of customers), the more profitable.

Economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics.

Economic geography takes a variety of approaches to many different topics, including the location of industries, economies of agglomeration (also known as "linkages"), transportation, international trade, development, real estate, gentrification, ethnic economies, gendered economies, core-periphery theory, the economics of urban form, the relationship between the environment and the economy (tying into a long history of geographers studying culture-environment interaction), and globalization.
2022 SAFF U-20 Championship
The 2022 SAFF U-20 Championship was the 4th edition of the SAFF U-20 Championship, an international football competition for men's under-18 national teams organized by South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). India was the hosts of the tournament, held between 25 July and 5 August 2022.

India clinched the title defeating Bangladesh by 5–2 in the final on 5 August 2022.

South Asian Football Federation
The South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) is an association of the football playing nations in South Asia. Incorporated in 1997, it is a regional subsidiary of the Asian Football Confederation. The members of the association are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Oey Giok Koen
Oey Giok Koen, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1912) was a Chinese-Indonesian public figure, bureaucrat and Landheer, best known for his role as Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang and Meester Cornelis, and as one of the richest landowners in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). As Kapitein, he headed the local Chinese civil administration in Tangerang and Meester Cornelis as part of the Dutch colonial system of 'indirect rule'. In 1893, he bought the particuliere landen or private domains of Tigaraksa and Pondok Kosambi.

Landheer
In the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), a Landheer (Dutch for 'landlord'; plural, Landheeren) was the lord or owner of a particuliere landerij, a private domain in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the colony. Dutch jurists described the legal jurisdiction of a Landheer over his domain as ‘sovereign’ and comparable to that of the rulers of indirectly ruled princely states in the Indies. By law, the Landheer possessed landsheerlijke rechten or hak-hak ketuanan [seigniorial jurisdiction] over the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government.

The Landheer's country seat on his domain was called a Landhuis or Rumah Kongsi. In this context, 'Kongsi' meant 'Lord' or 'his Lordship', and was a title used by the Chinese Landheeren, who were invariably scions of the Cabang Atas gentry.
Caner Osman
Caner Osman (Macedonian: Џанер Осман; born 12 July 1991) is a Turkish coach and former professional basketball player. He is currently assistant coach of Aleksandar Trifunović in Yeşilgiresun Belediye. He last played for KK Kumanovo  which competes in the Macedonian First League.

Aleksandar Trifunović (basketball)
Aleksandar Trifunović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Трифуновић; born 30 May 1967) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player who is currently the assistant coach for Sabah BC of the Azerbaijan Basketball League.
Haasrode, Leuven
The northern part of the former municipality of Haasrode (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦaːsroːdə]) is now a part of the city of Leuven, Belgium. According to the official website of Leuven, Haasrode is a part of the sub-municipality of Heverlee.

In 1977, Haasrode was merged with Oud-Heverlee, Blanden, Vaalbeek and Sint-Joris-Weert to form the municipality of Oud-Heverlee. The northern part of the former municipality of Haasrode was administratively annexed to Leuven. Haasrode Research-Park is located in Leuven's Haasrode.

Vaalbeek
Vaalbeek is part of Oud-Heverlee in Flemish Brabant, Belgium. The municipality further comprises the villages of Blanden, Haasrode, Oud-Heverlee proper and Sint-Joris-Weert. On 1 January 2006, Vaalbeek had a total population of 363.

50°49′N 04°41′E﻿ / ﻿50.817°N 4.683°E﻿ / 50.817; 4.683
2007 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
The 2007 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the 3rd edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, governed by FIFA. Overall, this was the 13th edition of a world cup in beach soccer since the establishment of the Beach Soccer World Championships which ran from 1995 to 2004 but was not governed by FIFA. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2–11 November 2007.

The winners of the tournament were hosts Brazil, who won their second consecutive FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup title and their eleventh title overall.

Beach Soccer World Championships
The Beach Soccer World Championships was the premier international beach soccer competition contested by men's national teams between 1995 and 2004. It was replaced by the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

The tournament took place annually in Brazil under the supervision of Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW) and its predecessors, crowning the world champions of the sport. Due to the sport's rapid growth, FIFA took an interest in it, and as the main tournament in world beach soccer, it joined hands with BSWW in 2005 to take over the organization of the competition, re-branding it as an official FIFA tournament.

Brazil were the most successful team, winning nine of the ten tournaments.
Show You Off
"Show You Off" is  a song recorded by American country music duo Dan + Shay for their debut studio album, Where It All Began (2014). The uptempo country track was written by group members Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney along with Danny Orton, and was produced by Smyers with additional production by Orton and Scott Hendricks. It was released through Warner Bros. Nashville on May 12, 2014 as the second single from the album. "Show You Off" was well received by country radio, becoming the most-added track in its debut week.

Scott Hendricks
Scott Hendricks (born July 26, 1956) is an American record producer who has produced over 30 country music artists. His productions have garnered 121 Top 10s, and 78 Number One hits. Between 1995 and 1997, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Capitol Records Nashville. Between 1998 and 2001 he served as President and CEO of Virgin Nashville. He now serves as Warner Music Nashville's Executive Vice President of A&R. Acts for whom Hendricks has produced include Restless Heart,  John Michael Montgomery, Brooks & Dunn, Trace Adkins, Alan Jackson, Faith Hill, Blake Shelton, Jana Kramer, Dan + Shay, Michael Ray, William Michael Morgan, Drew Parker and Tegan Marie.
Bust of Abraham Lincoln (Indianapolis)
Abraham Lincoln is a public artwork by American sculptor and medallist Thomas Dow Jones, located in the Indiana Statehouse, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The painted plaster bust of Abraham Lincoln that resides in the Indiana Statehouse is a copy of an 1861 clay bust. Several versions of the bust exist in plaster, marble, and bronze mediums.

Thomas Dow Jones' original 1861 bust was re-sculpted (by the artist) into marble as part of the Lincoln Vicksburg Monument that was installed in the Ohio Statehouse in 1871. Another copy of the bust was cast into bronze and is part of the Southern Allghenies Museum of Art's permanent sculpture collection (74.011) in Altoona, Pennsylvania. Jones' bust of Lincoln is also in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery (NPG.74.53) in Washington, D.C.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
Mon-Khmer Studies
Mon-Khmer Studies was an academic journal that focused on Mon-Khmer languages. It was established in 1964 and ceased publication in 2016. From 1992 onwards, it was published by Mahidol University and SIL International.

SIL Global
SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics International) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development.

Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro.

Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas.
Thousand Springs State Park
Thousand Springs State Park is a public recreation and nature preservation area consisting of multiple units — Billingsley Creek, Earl M. Hardy Box Canyon Springs Nature Preserve, Malad Gorge, Niagara Springs, and Ritter Island — in Gooding County, Idaho.

Gooding County, Idaho
Gooding County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,598. Its county seat is Gooding. The county was created by the Idaho Legislature on January 28, 1913, by a partition of Lincoln County. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, the 7th governor and a United States Senator from Idaho.
Joacim Eriksson
Joacim Eriksson (born April 9, 1990) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing with Schwenninger Wild Wings of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Eriksson played several years in the Swedish junior leagues, making his professional debut in 2008. He was subsequently drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, though never signed with the team. In 2013 Eriksson signed with the Vancouver Canucks and joined their minor league affiliate in the American Hockey League. He appeared in one game for the Canucks in 2014 and returned to Sweden after two years in North America. Internationally Eriksson played for Sweden at both the under-18 and senior level, winning a gold medal at the 2007 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament and a bronze at the 2014 World Championships.

J20 Nationell
U20 Nationell is a junior ice hockey league composed of 20 teams in Sweden. Previously known as the J20 Nationell and J20 SuperElit, it is the highest-level junior ice hockey league in Sweden. The teams are divided in two groups, or divisions, Norra (North) and Södra (South), and are usually associated with a professional team in either the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) or HockeyAllsvenskan in order to develop talented youth for the professional teams. The winning team of the U20 Nationell playoffs is awarded the Anton Cup.
Dovetail rail
A dovetail rail or dovetail mount can refer to several types of sliding rail system found on firearms, primarily for mounting telescopic sights.  Colloquially, the term dovetail rail usually refer to any straight mounting bracket with an inverted trapezoid (dovetail) cross-section (though the hexagonal-profiled Weaver rail and Picatinny rail are also derivative dovetail designs) running parallel to the bore for mounting a scope or diopter sight to a rifle.  These are sometimes also called "tip-off" mounts, and allow the user to easily take on or off the sight. Dovetail mount can also refer to a dovetail track running perpendicular to the bore (see "Other uses" below).

Trapezoid
In geometry, a trapezoid (/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/) in North American English, or trapezium (/trəˈpiːziəm/) in British English, is a quadrilateral that has at least one pair of parallel sides.

The parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid. The other two sides are called the legs or lateral sides. If the trapezoid is a parallelogram, then the choice of bases and legs is arbitrary.

A trapezoid is usually considered to be a convex quadrilateral in Euclidean geometry, but there are also crossed cases. If shape ABCD is a convex trapezoid, then ABDC is a crossed trapezoid. The metric formulas in this article apply in convex trapezoids.
Baraftab-e Bi
Baraftab-e Bi (Persian: برافتاب بي, also Romanized as Barāftāb-e Bī; also known as Barāftāb-e Bagī and Barāftāb-e Beygī) is a village in Bijnavand Rural District, in the Zagros District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 524, in 110 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Dihydrowogonin
Dihydrowogonin is a naturally occurring flavonoid belonging to the flavanone subclass. It is characterized by a flavan backbone with hydroxyl and methoxy functional groups, contributing to its biological activity. The compound has attracted interest due to its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
2025 America East men's basketball tournament
The 2025 America East Men's Basketball Conference tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the America East Conference. It was held March 8–15, 2025, at campus sites of the higher seeds. The winner, Bryant, received the conference's automatic bid to the 2025 NCAA Tournament. The tournament was sponsored by Jersey Mike's Subs and was officially known as the 2025 Jersey Mike's America East Men's Basketball Playoffs.

America East Conference
The America East Conference (AmEast) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I whose members are located in the Northeastern United States. The conference is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

Founded in 1979, the conference has nine core members including eight public research universities, three of which - the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Vermont - are the flagship universities of their states. Two non-flagship university centers of the State University of New York - the University at Albany and Binghamton University - are in the conference along with UMass Lowell, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Bryant University.  Bryant is the latest institution to join the conference in 2022, when Stony Brook University and the University of Hartford departed the conference. It is the only private university among the core members.

The America East Conference sponsors 18 sports (8 men's and 10 women's).
Robert Farrand
Robert Farrand (14 March 1792 – 2 February 1855) was a British politician.

Farrand was an illegitimate son of Christopher Atkinson Saville, a Member of Parliament for Hedon.  He lived at Hale Hall in Norfolk.

Saville arranged for Farrand to stand in Hedon at the 1818 UK general election as a Whig.  He won the seat, but was defeated at the 1826 UK general election.  He regained it in 1830, this time standing as a Tory.  Hedon was disenfranchised in 1832, but Farrand returned to politics when he stood in the 1837 Stafford by-election for the Conservative Party, winning the seat.  He held it at the 1837 UK general election, but stood down in 1841.

Farrand died in 1855, and is commemorated by a tablet in the church at Holme Hale.

Hedon (UK Parliament constituency)
Hedon, sometimes spelt Heydon, was a parliamentary borough in the East Riding of Yorkshire, represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons briefly in the 13th century and again from 1547 to 1832.
Pathways into Darkness
Pathways into Darkness is a first-person shooter adventure video game developed and published by Bungie in 1993, for Macintosh personal computers.  Players assume the role of a Special Forces soldier who must stop a powerful, godlike being from awakening and destroying the world. Players solve puzzles and defeat enemies to unlock parts of a pyramid where the god sleeps; the game's ending changes depending on player actions.

Pathways began as a sequel to Bungie's Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete, before the developers created an original story. Jason Jones programmed the game, while his friend Colin Brent developed the environments and creatures. The game features three-dimensional, texture-mapped graphics and stereo sound on supported Macintosh models. Pathways was critically acclaimed and won a host of awards; it was also Bungie's first major commercial success and enabled the two-man team of Jason Jones and Alex Seropian to move into a Chicago office and begin paying staff.

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.
Kristian Sbaragli
Kristian Sbaragli (born 8 May 1990) is an Italian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team Solution Tech–Vini Fantini. Professional since 2013, he won stage 10 of the 2015 Vuelta a España.

Team Solution Tech–Vini Fantini
Team Solution Tech–Vini Fantini (UCI team code: TFT) is a UCI ProTeam status road bicycle racing team based in Italy.

The team was founded in 2022, holding UCI Continental status. In December 2022, the Union Cycliste Internationale announced that Team Corratec was granted a UCI ProTeam licence for 2023 season.
Granville Elliott
Major-General Granville Elliott, 1st Count Elliott (7 October 1713 – 10 October 1759), was a British military officer who served with distinction in several other European armies and subsequently in the British Army. He fought at the Battle of Minden where he was wounded, dying of his injuries several weeks later.

Earl of St Germans
Earl of St Germans, in the County of Cornwall, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom that is held by the Eliot family. The title takes its name from the village of St Germans, Cornwall, and the family seat is Port Eliot. The earldom has the subsidiary title of Baron Eliot.
WAUN (AM)
WAUN (1350 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a Classic rock format. Known as WPDR for nearly 70 years, the station previously held a news/talk format. Before that, WPDR played oldies and also played country music for many years. Licensed to Portage, Wisconsin, United States, the station is currently owned by Magnum Broadcasting. Co-owned WDDC, formerly WPDR-FM, is located at 100.1 MHz. WAUN is simulcast on FM via two translator stations, 102.1 in Baraboo which covers the majority of the Dells/Baraboo and Portage areas from a transmitter on the Baraboo Range as well as 96.9 in DeForest which covers the northern Madison area.

DeForest, Wisconsin
DeForest (/dəˈfɔːrɪst/ də-FOR-ist) is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Yahara River. The population was 10,811 at the 2020 census. A suburb north of Madison, it is part of the Madison metropolitan area.
Frank W. Caldwell
Frank Walker Caldwell (1889–1974) was a leading American propeller engineer and designer. As the United States government's chief propeller engineer (1917–1928), he pioneered propeller engineering and propeller testing facilities and techniques. Working at Hamilton Standard Propeller Corporation, they won the 1933 Collier Trophy for his work on the controllable-pitch propeller. After 25 years of service, he retired in 1955 as director of the United Aircraft Corporation Research Division.

Propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew, converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type.

The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials.

Propellers are only useful at subsonic airspeeds generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a speed of Mach 1.01 in a dive was achieved, with a propeller efficiency of 78%, by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft.
Reagent testing
Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances.
With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider variety of techniques covered by drug checking.

Date rape drug
A date rape drug is any drug that incapacitates another person and renders that person vulnerable to sexual assault, including rape. These substances are associated with date rape because of reported incidents of their use in the context of two people dating, during which the victim is sexually assaulted, raped or suffers other harm. However, such substances have also been exploited during retreats, for example ayahuasca retreats. While these substances are not exclusively used to perpetrate sexual assault or rape, as they are also used for personal recreation or medical purposes, their side effects facilitate such acts. The most common incapacitating agent for date rape is alcohol, administered either surreptitiously or consumed voluntarily, rendering the victim unable to make informed decisions or give consent.