hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalmanson combinatorial conditions
In mathematics, the Kalmanson combinatorial conditions are a set of conditions on the distance matrix used in determining the solvability of the traveling salesman problem.  These conditions apply to a special kind of cost matrix, the Kalmanson matrix, and are named after Kenneth Kalmanson.

Distance matrix
In mathematics, computer science and especially graph theory, a distance matrix is a square matrix (two-dimensional array) containing the distances, taken pairwise, between the elements of a set. Depending upon the application involved, the distance being used to define this matrix may or may not be a metric. If there are N elements, this matrix will have size N×N. In graph-theoretic applications, the elements are more often referred to as points, nodes or vertices.
Tyrannochthonius brooksi
Tyrannochthonius brooksi is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chthoniidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1991 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet brooksi honours Darren Brooks, who collected some of the type specimens.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
A Distant Shore: African Americans of D-Day
A Distant Shore: African Americans of D-Day is a television documentary program that was produced for the History Channel by Flight 33 Productions in 2007. Executive Producers were Douglas Cohen (Flight 33), Louis Tarantino (Flight 33) and Dolores Gavin (The History Channel). The program was written by Douglas Cohen and produced by Samuel K. Dolan.

A one-hour special, A Distant Shore: African Americans of D-Day told the story of African American soldiers in World War II, who went ashore in France during the 1944 Invasion of Normandy. Among the interviewees were veterans from barrage balloon battalions, quartermaster and transportation companies, and engineers, as well as Coast Guard veteran John Roberts from USS LCI(L)-93, who lost a leg during the landings at Omaha Beach. Author/Historian Yvonne Latty was also interviewed for the program.

Quartermaster
Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land armies, a quartermaster is an officer or enlisted soldier who supervises logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distributes supplies and provisions. In many navies, a quartermaster is a seaman or petty officer with responsibility for navigation and operation of the helm of a ship.

The term appears to derive from the title of a German royal official, the Quartiermeister. This term meant "master of quarters" (where "quarters" refers to lodging or accommodation). Alternatively, it could have been derived from "master of the quarterdeck" where the helmsman and captain controlled the ship.  The term's first use in English was as a naval term, which entered English in the 15th century via the equivalent French and Dutch naval titles quartier-maître and kwartier-meester, respectively. The term began to refer to army officers in English around 1600.
Evrytania (constituency)
Evrytania is a constituency in Central Greece represented in the Hellenic Parliament. This constituency corresponds to Evrytania prefecture. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the Reinforced proportional representation system of election.

Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
Duke of York Islands
The Duke of York Islands (formerly German: Neulauenburg) are a group of islands located in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. They are found in St George's Channel between New Britain and New Ireland islands and form part of the Bismarck Archipelago. The Duke of York Islands were named in 1767 by Philip Carteret to honour Prince Edward, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and younger brother of George III of the United Kingdom.

Frederick, Prince of Wales
Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis, German: Friedrich Ludwig; 31 January 1707 – 31 March 1751), was the eldest son and heir apparent of King George II of Great Britain. He grew estranged from his parents, King George and Queen Caroline. Frederick was the father of King George III.

Under the Act of Settlement passed by the English Parliament in 1701, Frederick was fourth in the line of succession to the British throne at birth, after his great-grandmother Electress Sophia of Hanover; his grandfather George, Prince-Elector of Hanover; and his father, George. The Elector ascended the British throne in 1714. After his paternal grandfather died and his father became king in 1727, Frederick moved to Great Britain and was created Prince of Wales in 1729. He predeceased his father and upon the latter's death in 1760, the throne passed to Frederick's eldest son, George III.
2017 Ladies Championship Gstaad – Doubles
Lara Arruabarrena and Xenia Knoll were the defending champions, but Arruabarrena chose not to participate this year. Knoll played alongside Anastasiya Komardina, but lost in the quarterfinals to Anna Kalinskaya and Evgeniya Rodina.

Kiki Bertens and Johanna Larsson won the title, defeating Viktorija Golubic and Nina Stojanović in the final, 7–6(7–4), 4–6, [10–7].

Viktorija Golubic
Viktorija Golubic (Serbian: Викторија Голубић, romanized: Viktorija Golubić; pronounced [ʋǐktoːrija ɡolǔbitɕ]; born 16 October 1992) is a Swiss professional tennis player. On 28 February 2022, she reached her career-high singles WTA ranking of No. 35. On 17 April 2023, she peaked at No. 61 in the doubles rankings. She is the current No. 2 Swiss player.

Golubic has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour, four singles WTA Challenger titles, as well as 12 singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit so far.
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 – Men's team normal hill
The Men's team normal hill ski jumping event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 was held 27 February 2011 at 15:00 CET. This event was last held at the 2005 championships in Oberstdorf and was won by the Austrian team of Loitzl, Andreas Widhölzl, Thomas Morgenstern, and Martin Höllwarth.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Hediger
Hediger is a surname primarily found in Switzerland. Notable people with the surname include:

André Hediger (1941–2024), Swiss politician

Dennis Hediger (born 1986), Swiss footballer

Heini Hediger (1908–1992), Swiss biologist

Helmut Hediger (born 1945), Austrian sprint canoeist

Jovian Hediger (born 1990), Swiss cross-country skier

Markus Hediger (born 1959), Swiss writer and translator

Sophie Hediger (1998–2024), Swiss snowboarder

Heini Hediger
Heini Hediger (30 November 1908 – 29 August 1992) was a Swiss biologist noted for work in proxemics in animal behavior and is known as the "father of zoo biology". Hediger was formerly the director of Tierpark Dählhölzli (1938–1943), Zoo Basel (1944–1953) and Zürich Zoo (1954–1973).
Jacques Victor Sabattier de Vignolle
Capitaine Jacques Victor Sabattier de Vignolle was a reservist officer of the French Army called to the colors during the First World War. While serving in a succession of increasingly important commands, he also flew a SPAD fighter to shoot down five German airplanes and become a flying ace. Thrice wounded, he ended the war commanding an air wing.

Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés
SPAD (Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés) was a French aircraft manufacturer active between 1911 and 1921. Its SPAD S.XIII biplane was the most produced French fighter airplane of the First World War.
Ruth Achieng
Ruth Achieng is a Ugandan politician. She was appointed, but she never served as, State Minister for Fisheries in the Cabinet of Uganda on 6 June 2016, replacing Zerubabel Nyiira. Ruth Achieng served in the 9th Parliament (2011–2016) as the Kole District Woman Representative before losing in the 2016 election cycle. Her name was withdrawn at the last minute and she was not vetted by the parliamentary appointments committee, resulting in her not being sworn in on 22 June 2016.

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (Uganda)
The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) is a cabinet-level ministry of the government of Uganda. The mandate of the ministry is to "formulate, review and implement national policies, plans, strategies, regulations and standards and enforce laws, regulations and standards along the value chain of crops, livestock and fisheries". The ministry is also responsible for the "enhancement of crop production and productivity, in a sustainable and environmentally safe manner, for improved food and nutrition security, employment, widened export base and improved incomes of the farmers".

The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister appointed by the president. Frank Tumwebaze is the Minister of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries.
Deivam Thantha Poove
Deivam Thantha Poove (DTP) (transl. God presented flower) is a 2021-2023 Indian Tamil-language drama aired on Zee Tamil and streams on ZEE5. It premiered on 13 December 2021 along with Peranbu.

It initially stars Nishma Chengappa and Amruth Kalam in the lead roles. and the story is Mithra enters into a contract marriage with Vinay, who is diagnosed with cancer. After 6-year leap, it stars Sree Nidhi, (replacement of Nishma) and Amruth Kalam. Now the story focuses on the union of Mithra and Vinay. The series was ended on 26 August 2023 with 549 Episodes.

Zee Tamil
Zee Tamil also known as Z Tamil is an Indian Tamil language pay television general entertainment channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel started broadcasting in 2008 and is available internationally. The channel broadcasts from Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Zee Entertainment Enterprises also launched a full Tamil movie channel named Zee Thirai in 2020.
Mark Burman
Mark John Burman (born 10 August 1984) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

Burman grew up in Taupiri and was a mobile lock, also capable of playing in the back-row.

Debuting for Waikato in 2005, Burman came back from a serious knee injury in 2008 to earn a Chiefs call up during the 2009 Super 14 season. He appeared for the Chiefs in their win over the Western Force at Waikato Stadium, but was subsequently omitted from Waikato's squad for the 2009 Air New Zealand Cup campaign and played the season out on loan at the Bay of Plenty. His Bay of Plenty appearances were mostly off the bench, with John Moore and Culum Retallick ahead of him in the pecking order. He played at Northland in 2010 and 2011.

Burman competed in Italian rugby from 2009 to 2012, with Rovigo and Mogliano. He then relocated to Australia and helped Lake Macquarie reach the Hunter Rugby semi-finals for the first time in 2012.

Taupiri
Taupiri is a small town of about 500 people on the eastern bank of the Waikato River in the Waikato District of New Zealand. It is overlooked by Taupiri mountain, the sacred burial ground for the Waikato tribes of the Māori people, located just to the north.

Taupiri is located near the northern end of the Waikato Basin immediately south of the junction of the Mangawara Stream (which drains the northern part of the basin) and the Waikato River. The Waikato River then flows northward through the Taupiri Gorge between the Hakarimata Range to the south and the Taupiri Range to the north, into the Lower Waikato.

The North Island Main Trunk railway line runs through the town and the gorge, linking Huntly 8 kilometres to the north and Ngāruawāhia 7 kilometres to the south. State Highway 1 also ran through the town until the Huntly Bypass opened in March 2020.
Joseph P. Kamp
Joseph P. Kamp (May 3, 1900 – June 7, 1993) was a German American political activist from New York who ran the Constitutional Educational League and was jailed in 1950 for contempt of Congress. He was known for his pro-Nazi activities before the U.S. entered World War II, and for his antisemitic views.

United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
On December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Germany (Pub. L. 77–331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. The vote was approved unanimously by both houses of Congress; 88–0 in the Senate and 393–0 in the House.
Crown Prince Dan
Crown Prince Dan (Chinese: 太子丹; pinyin: Tàizǐ Dān) was a crown prince of the State of Yan during the Warring States period of ancient China.  He was also called Yan Dan (Chinese: 燕丹; pinyin: Yān Dān).

He lived in the State of Qin as a hostage, but returned to Yan in 232 BC.  He sent Jing Ke to assassinate King Zheng of Qin, who later assumed the title Qin Shi Huang and became the first Emperor of China, in the wake of Jing's failure. King Xi of Yan, Dan's father and the last king of Yan, ordered the execution of Dan to please Qin after the Yan capital Ji fell to Qin. The invasion of Qin was halted for few years, during which time the states of Wei and Chu were conquered; meanwhile, King Xi of Yan moved to the Liaodong Commandery.

The state of Yan was conquered in 222 BC and King Xi was captured.

All except King Xi were featured in the Chinese period epic The Emperor and the Assassin. Prince Dan is also featured in the 2004 TV series Assassinator Jing Ke.

Wei (state)
Wei (/weɪ/; Chinese: 魏; pinyin: Wèi) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng).

It should not to be confused with the smaller central Wey state 衞, which is still sometimes only differentiated by its Chinese character.
James Crockett (soccer)
James Crockett (February 17, 1910 – July 30, 1986) was a U.S. soccer center back who was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Crockett was selected as a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1936 Olympic Games.  He played in the only U.S. game of the tournament, a 1–0 loss to Italy.  At the time, he played for the Philadelphia German-Americans of the American Soccer League. In 1936, Crockett and his teammates defeated the St. Louis Shamrocks in the National Challenge Cup.

He died in Meadowood, Pennsylvania.

American Soccer League (1933–1983)
The American Soccer League has been a name used by four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States. The second American Soccer League was established in summer 1933 following the collapse of the original American Soccer League, which lasted from 1921 until spring 1933. The new league was created on a smaller scale and with smaller budgets. This league existed until over-expansion and financial limitations led to its collapse in 1983. Two successor leagues later operated.
Xin Luna Dong
Xin Luna Dong is a Chinese-American computer scientist and database researcher whose research topics include knowledge graphs, knowledge fusion, and intelligent assistants. She is a principal scientist at Meta Reality Labs.

Data fusion
Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source.

Data fusion processes are often categorized as low, intermediate, or high, depending on the processing stage at which fusion takes place. Low-level data fusion combines several sources of raw data to produce new raw data. The expectation is that fused data is more informative and synthetic than the original inputs.

For example, sensor fusion is also known as (multi-sensor) data fusion and is a subset of information fusion.

The concept of data fusion has origins in the evolved capacity of humans and animals to incorporate information from multiple senses to improve their ability to survive. For example, a combination of sight, touch, smell, and taste may indicate whether a substance is edible.
Catharina Roodzant
Catharina (Toos) Roodzant (née Glimmerveen) (21 October 1896, Rotterdam – 24 February 1999) was a Dutch female chess master.

She won thrice the female Dutch Chess Championship (1935, 1936 and 1938). Roodzant lost a match for the title to Fenny Heemskerk 0.5 : 4.5 in 1937, and lost two matches to Sonja Graf, 0.5 : 3.5 in 1937 and 1 : 3 in 1939, both in Rotterdam.

She tied for 10-16th in the 6th Women's World Chess Championship at Stockholm 1937, and tied for 7-8th in the 7th WWCC which took place during the 8th Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939 (Vera Menchik won both events).

Sonja Graf
Susanna "Sonja" Graf (December 16, 1908 – March 6, 1965) was a German and American chess player. She was a women's world championship runner-up and a two-time U.S. women's champion. In 2016, she was inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame.
Halogen bond
In chemistry, a halogen bond (XB or HaB) occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. Like a hydrogen bond, the result is not a formal chemical bond, but rather a strong electrostatic attraction. Mathematically, the interaction can be decomposed in two terms: one describing an electrostatic, orbital-mixing charge-transfer and another describing electron-cloud dispersion. Halogen bonds find application in supramolecular chemistry; drug design and biochemistry; crystal engineering and liquid crystals; and organic catalysis.

Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom (=N−).  It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow. The pyridine ring occurs in many commercial compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. As of 2016, it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tons per year worldwide.
Zigzag of Success
Zigzag of Success (Russian: Зигзаг удачи, translit. Zigzag udachi) is a 1968 Soviet comedy film directed by Eldar Ryazanov.

The film tells the story of how in a small-town photo studio, a young photographer's scheme to win big in the lottery sparks chaos, love, and comedic twists, as he navigates ambition, relationships, and the unpredictable fortunes of life.

Cinema of the Soviet Union
The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Acyrthosiphon pisum, commonly known as the pea aphid (and colloquially known as the green dolphin, pea louse, and clover louse), is a sap-sucking insect in the family Aphididae. It feeds on several species of legumes (plant family Fabaceae) worldwide, including forage crops, such as pea, clover, alfalfa, and broad bean, and ranks among the aphid species of major agronomical importance. The pea aphid is a model organism for biological study whose genome has been sequenced and annotated.

Genome project
Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an archaean, a protist or a virus) and to annotate protein-coding genes and other important genome-encoded features. The genome sequence of an organism includes the collective DNA sequences of each chromosome in the organism. For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For the human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, a complete genome sequence will involve 46 separate chromosome sequences.

The Human Genome Project is a well known example of a genome project.
Pollyanna McIntosh
Pollyanna McIntosh (born 15 March 1979) is a Scottish actress and director known for her roles in films Exam (2009), The Woman (2011), Let Us Prey (2014), the first season of Joe R. Lansdale's Hap and Leonard (2016), and social issue horror film Darlin' (2019) which she wrote, directed and starred in. McIntosh also starred as Jadis in The Walking Dead franchise (2017–2024), Queen Ælfgifu of Denmark in the Netflix series Vikings: Valhalla (2022), and voices Kris in the Max adult animation series Scavengers Reign (2023).

Joe R. Lansdale
Joe Richard Lansdale (born October 28, 1951) is an American writer and martial arts instructor. A prose writer in a variety of genres, including Western, horror, science fiction, mystery, and suspense, he has also written comic books and screenplays. Several of his novels have been adapted for film and television. He is the winner of the British Fantasy Award, the American Horror Award, the Edgar Award, and eleven Bram Stoker Awards.