hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
McGuire-Cummings Manufacturing Company
The McGuire-Cummings Manufacturing Company was a streetcar and street-railway equipment builder based in the U.S. state of Illinois.  It was originally based in Chicago, but had a subsidiary factory in Paris, Illinois, and in its last years it was based in the latter city. It was founded in 1888 as the McGuire Manufacturing Company, later becoming McGuire-Cummings, and finally the Cummings Car and Coach Company. Snowplow cars and snow sweepers – street railway cars designed specifically for snow removal – were among its most popular and best-known products.  The company built its last streetcars in 1930, but remained in business until 1943.  McGuire-Cummings was one of a few suppliers for the Toronto Civic Railways.

Toronto Civic Railways
Toronto Civic Railways (TCR) was a streetcar operator created and owned by the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to serve newly annexed areas of the city that the private operator Toronto Railway Company refused to serve. When the Toronto Railway Company's franchise expired in 1921, its services were combined with those of the Toronto Civic Railways, and are now assumed by the new Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC). The first route of the TCR started operation on December 18, 1912.
The Tom Joyner Show
The Tom Joyner Show is a one-hour, live-action, comedy-variety show hosted by Tom Joyner.  It features celebrities and musical artists. It is not to be confused with the Tom Joyner Morning Show. It aired from Fall 2005 to May 2006. In May 2006, Joyner announced that the series would cease production due to high production costs. Reruns were seen on TV One.

Tom Joyner Morning Show
The Tom Joyner Morning Show was an American nationally syndicated radio program, hosted by veteran broadcaster Tom Joyner. The program, which aired on Urban contemporary- and Urban adult contemporary-formatted stations across the United States, ran from January 3, 1994 until December 13, 2019.
Martin van Essen
Martin van Essen is a Dutch chess composer of endgame studies, with compositions recorded in the Harold van der Heijden database (Volume V, updated 31 December 2015). He has earned recognition in international composition tournaments. In 2003, he won 2nd Prize in the Jubilee Tournament dedicated to journalist Tim Krabbé on his 60th birthday. In 2005, he took 2nd Prize at the Humor Study Composing Tournament, behind Ukrainian composer Serhiy Didukh. In the same year, he won 1st Prize at the Jubilee Tournament celebrating the 50th birthday of Israeli composer Amatzia Avni.

In the 2004–2006 World Championship of Chess Composition, he ranked 38th out of 47 participants in Section D (Studies).

He is also recognized for his skill in solving chess problems: in 2011, he won a Solving Championship organized by the Dutch ARVES community, a site dedicated to the composition and solving of chess studies, and he continues to participate in solving contests at national and international levels.

Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.
Western saloon
A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West. Saloons served customers such as fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, lumberjacks, businessmen, lawmen, outlaws, miners, and gamblers. A saloon might also be known as a "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822, to serve fur trappers.

By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas, there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than casinos, brothels, and opium dens.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Abdulrahim Jumaa
Abdulrahim Anbar Jumaa (Arabic: عَبْد الرَّحِيم عَنْبَر جُمْعَة; born 23 May 1979) is an Emirati footballer who played as a midfielder.

Jumaa has frequently captained the United Arab Emirates national football team and led the team to their first trophy, the 2007 Gulf Cup held in Abu Dhabi. He has made 27 appearances in qualifying matches for various FIFA World Cups, adding to a total of 116 caps, one of the highest among UAE internationals.

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
British NVC community W10
NVC community W10 (Quercus robur - Pteridium aquilinum - Rubus fruticosus woodland) is one of the woodland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of the six communities falling in the "mixed deciduous and oak/birch woodlands" group.

This is a widely distributed community, except in Scotland. There are five subcommunities.

Pteridium aquilinum
Pteridium aquilinum, commonly called bracken, brake, pasture brake, common bracken, and also known as eagle fern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. Originally native to Eurasia and North America, the extreme lightness of its spores has led to it achieving a cosmopolitan distribution.
University of Glasgow Memorial Chapel
The University of Glasgow Memorial Chapel is a chapel at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. It was consecrated on 4 October 1929, and is dedicated to the memory of the former students and staff of the university who died in the First World War. It is located in the West Quadrangle of the Main Building of the university, and was designed by John James Burnet. The chapel is protected as a category A listed building.

Nine Lessons and Carols
Nine Lessons and Carols, also known as the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols and Service of Nine Lessons and Carols, is a service of Christian worship traditionally celebrated on or near Christmas Eve in Anglican churches and globally within the Anglican Communion. The story of the fall of humanity, the promise of the Messiah, and the birth of Jesus is told in nine short Bible readings or lessons from Genesis, the prophetic books and the Gospels, interspersed with the singing of Christmas carols, hymns and choir anthems.
National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections
National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections or NIRBI (also known as ICMR-NIRBI) previously known as National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases is an Indian medical institute that conducts research and develops prevention and treatment and control strategies related to enteric diseases and HIV/AIDS. The headquarter of  NIRBI is located at Kolkata, West Bengal. NIRBI is affiliated to Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research and financed by Indian Council of Medical Research.

Gastrointestinal disease
Gastrointestinal diseases (abbrev. GI diseases or GI illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum; and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Samsara (album)
Samsara is the third studio album by Yakuza and their first for Prosthetic Records. Furthering the departure from their debut, which displayed a more stripped-down post-hardcore style, Samsara, like Way of the Dead, is more eclectic and progressive; their experimental metal style assimilating Bruce Lamont's saxophone for a unique sound that some would label "jazzcore." Mastodon's Troy Sanders performs guest vocals on the final track, "Back To The Mountain."

Prosthetic Records
Prosthetic Records is an American record label specializing in heavy metal recordings, founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1998 by E.J. Johantgen and Dan Fitzgerald. Prosthetic Records released the first two albums by Lamb of God and Animals as Leaders, and was the North American home to Gojira.

In June 2025, the label was acquired by MNRK Music Group.
Roissy Est bus network
Roissy Est is a French bus network run by Île-de-France Mobilités. The network is operated by Keolis via Keolis Roissy Pays de France Est since August 1, 2023.

It consists of 48 lines (including 3 night lines and 1 DRT) serving the Roissy Pays de France zone.

This network is also one of the rare Île-de-France Mobilités networks to have lines running outside Île-de-France, especially during school days. The non-Île-de-France villages served are Lagny-le-Sec, Mortefontaine and Le Plessis-Belleville, located in the department of Oise, in the Hauts-de-France region (see below).

Oise
Oise (/wɑːz/ WAHZ; French: [waz] ⓘ; Picard: Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens (French: [wazjɛ̃]) or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.
Ancona chicken
The Ancona is an Italian breed of chicken. It is named after the city and province of Ancona, in the Marche region of Italy, but was bred to its present type mainly in the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century.

In 2025 its conservation status world-wide was "at risk", with few more than 800 birds reported – most of them in Australia. In Italy numbers are very low; an initiative to re-establish the breed in its native area and to preserve its biodiversity was launched in 2000. There is also an Ancona bantam.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Siguiri
Siguiri (N’ko: ߛߌ߯ߙߌ߲߫; Arabic: سِجِرِ ِ) is a city in northeastern Guinea on the River Niger. It is a sub-prefecture and capital of Siguiri Prefecture in the Kankan Region.

It is known for its goldsmiths and as the birthplace of Sekouba Bambino Diabaté. Siguiri is the site of a former French fort built in 1888, and the Siguiri Airport.

N'Ko script
N'Ko (ߒߞߏ), also spelled Nko, is an alphabetic script devised by Solomana Kanté in 1949, as a modern writing system for the Manding languages of West Africa. The term Nko, which means I say in all Manding languages, is also used for the Manding literary standard written in the Nko script.

The script has a few similarities to the Arabic script, notably its direction (right-to-left) and the letters that are connected at the base. Unlike Arabic, it is obligatory to mark both tone and vowels. Nko tones are marked as diacritics.
College Dropout (restaurant)
College Dropout is a burger chain in Melbourne, Australia. They are known, in-part, for having made international headlines after being unsuccessfully sued by the American musician Kanye West for intellectual property infringement.

The chain is named after West's album The College Dropout, which they did not get his permission or endorsement to use. The restaurant uses the Dropout Bear as a mascot, and has items named for other things in West's career, such as his album and song titles. For a brief period, they sold burgers named after celebrities that dropped out of college as a result of West's lawsuit. As of 2025, they have returned to branding styled around West.

Intellectual property infringement
An intellectual property (IP) infringement is the unauthorized use, exploitation, or violation of an intellectual property right. There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, plant breeders rights and trade secrets. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be one of the following:

Copyright infringement, encompassing for example a software copyright infringement

Patent infringement

Trademark infringement

Design infringement

Cybersquatting

Biopiracy
Stay Down (Lil Durk, 6lack and Young Thug song)
"Stay Down" is a song by American musicians Lil Durk, 6lack, and Young Thug. It was released on October 30, 2020, as the second single from the former's sixth studio album, The Voice. The melodic track finds the artists melancholically detailing their quest for love and loyalty. The song was written by the artists alongside producers DY of 808 Mafia and Metro Boomin.

808 Mafia
808 Mafia is an American record production and songwriting group founded by record producers TM88, Lex Luger, and Southside. Its other members include Fuse 100, Tarentino, Tray Sav, Purps, Swede, Nonstop Da Hitman, and MP808, among others. The group's name originates from the Roland TR-808, a drum machine commonly used in hip-hop music.
Rapaty, Działdowo County
Rapaty [raˈpatɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rybno, within Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Rybno, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Działdowo, and 58 km (36 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Działdowo
Działdowo (pronounced [d͡ʑau̯ˈdɔvɔ]; German: Soldau, Prussian: Saldawa) is a town in northern Poland with 20,935 inhabitants as of December 2021, the capital of Działdowo County. As part of Masuria, it is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages and granted town rights in 1344, the town features heritage sites in various styles, including Gothic, Baroque, Gothic Revival and Baroque Revival, a preserved medieval urban layout with a market square and a medieval castle. It is particularly known as the location of the Soldau concentration camp during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The town is a major railroad junction connecting the capital city of Warsaw with Gdańsk and Olsztyn to the north.
Ribble Valley Borough Council elections
Ribble Valley Borough Council elections are held every four years. Ribble Valley Borough Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan district of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2019, 40 councillors have been elected from 26 wards.

Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe, the largest town. The borough also includes the town of Longridge and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It is named after the River Ribble. Much of the district lies within the Forest of Bowland, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Pendle, Burnley, Hyndburn, Blackburn with Darwen, South Ribble, Preston, Wyre, Lancaster and North Yorkshire.
Citadel of Montpellier
The Citadel of Montpellier is an Early Modern fortification in the city of Montpellier, in the Hérault département of southern France. It was built between 1624 and 1627, after several rebellions under the orders of Louis XIII in order to keep watch over the town. In the 20th century it became the Joffre Barracks, named after Joseph Joffre, and since 1947 the citadel has been an academic campus  – the nationwide famous Lycée Joffre.

Joseph Joffre
Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre LH OM GCB (French: [ʒozɛf ʒɔfʁ]; 12 January 1852 – 3 January 1931) was a French general who served as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front from the start of World War I until the end of 1916. He is best known for regrouping the retreating allied armies to defeat the Germans at the strategically decisive First Battle of the Marne in September 1914.

His political position waned after unsuccessful offensives in 1915, the German attack on Verdun in 1916, and the disappointing results of the Anglo-French offensive on the Somme in 1916. At the end of 1916 he was promoted to Marshal of France, the first such elevation under the Third Republic, and moved to an advisory role, from which he quickly resigned. Later in the war he led an important mission to the United States.
Gabriella Meister
Gabriella Meister is a German billionaire businesswoman, and the widow of Rational AG founder Siegfried Meister, who died in 2017. As of October 2021, her net worth is estimated at US$3 billion.

She was married to Siegfried Meister, and they lived in Landsberg am Lech, Germany. He died on 28 July 2017.

Siegfried's 63% stake in Rational AG was inherited by four family members, including Gabriella and their daughter Franziska Wuerbser.

Rational AG
Rational AG is a German manufacturer and retailer of commercial and industrial kitchen equipment for thermal food preparation. The company is based in Landsberg am Lech, Germany, and was founded by Siegfried Meister in 1973. It operates worldwide and has 25 subsidiaries in Europe, Asia, North and South America as well as seven branches in Germany.
Trougout
Trougout (Tarifit: Truggut, ⵜⵔⵓⴳⴳⵓⵜ; Arabic: تروكوت) is a commune in Driouch Province, Oriental, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 11,541 people living in 1745 households.

Oriental (Morocco)
Oriental region or Oujda region (Arabic: الشرق, romanized: aš-šarq) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, located in the north-eastern part of the country. With an area of 90,127 km2 and a population of 2,269,378 (2024 census), it is the easternmost region of Morocco.

The capital and the largest city is Oujda, and the second largest city is Nador. The region includes 7 provinces and one prefecture.

The majority of the population of the Oriental Region speaks Moroccan Arabic (86.2%) as a first or second language. According to the 2024 census, 31.1% of the inhabitants of the Oriental Region speak Tarifit. Small numbers speak Eastern Middle Atlas Tamazight and Figuig Tamazight, principally in the south of Oriental.
Contraceptive implant
A contraceptive implant is an implantable medical device used for the purpose of birth control. The implant may depend on the timed release of hormones to hinder ovulation or sperm development, the ability of copper to act as a natural spermicide within the uterus, or it may work using a non-hormonal, physical blocking mechanism. As with other contraceptives, a contraceptive implant is designed to prevent pregnancy, but it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Spermicide
Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy. As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone.  However, the pregnancy rate experienced by couples using only spermicide is higher than that of couples using other methods.  Usually, spermicides are combined with contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps, and sponges.  Combined methods are believed to result in lower pregnancy rates than either method alone.

Spermicides are typically unscented, clear, unflavored, non-staining, and lubricative.
Eugster/Frismag
Eugster/Frismag AG, headquartered in Amriswil, Switzerland, is an OEM producer of home appliances, especially coffee machines which are sold under many well-known international brand names. Eugster/Frismag manufactures around 20% of all Nestle machines as well as other machines for brands such as Jura, Keurig, Melitta, KitchenAid or Moulinex. The annual production totals 5 million coffee machines. Alongside Saeco, Eugster/Frismag is one of the world's largest producers of coffee machines.

Besides its three development and production locations in Switzerland (around 1,600 jobs) the company has a production facility in Portugal with 1100 jobs. An additional part is produced in China through a joint venture company. Eugster/Frismag is active solely as an OEM and doesn't sell products under its own brand. The family-owned company employs more than 3,000 individuals overall and had a revenue of 583 million Swiss francs in 2018.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Whittington Park
Whittington Park is a public park in Upper Holloway, North London. Like the nearby Whittington Hospital, it is named after Dick Whittington, and a large topiary cat, in reference to Whittington's legendary pet, stands at the Holloway Road entrance. Amenities include a raised Astroturf football pitch, children's playground, and experimental garden planted as part of an RSPB initiative to investigate the preferred habitat of house sparrows. In 2009 and 2010, renovations were carried out at Whittington Park, including the construction of a new community centre.

Richard Whittington
Richard Whittington (c. 1354 – March 1423) of the parish of St Michael Paternoster Royal, City of London, was an English merchant and politician of the late medieval period. He is also the real-life inspiration for the English folk tale Dick Whittington and His Cat. He was four times (appointed once, elected three times) Lord Mayor of London, a member of parliament and a Sheriff of London. In his lifetime he financed a number of public projects, such as drainage systems in poor areas of London, and a hospital ward for unmarried mothers. He bequeathed his fortune to form the Charity of Sir Richard Whittington which, over 600 years later, continues to assist people in need.