hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grothendieck's relative point of view
Grothendieck's relative point of view is a heuristic applied in certain abstract mathematical situations, with a rough meaning of taking for consideration families of "objects" explicitly depending on parameters as the basic field of study, rather than a single such object. It is named after Alexander Grothendieck, who made extensive use of it in treating foundational aspects of algebraic geometry. Outside that field, it has been influential particularly on category theory and categorical logic.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
Agwi-jjim
Agwi-jjim (Korean: 아귀찜) or agu-jjim (아구찜) is a Korean jjim dish made with blackmouth angler, the fish known as agwi in Korean. The name of the dish is usually translated as "braised spicy angler".

The dish is seasoned with hot chili pepper powder, doenjang, ganjang (soy sauce), minced garlic, and chopped scallions to make it spicy and hot. However, other ingredients such as kongnamul (soybean sprouts), mideodeok (미더덕, Styela clava), and minari (미나리, Oenanthe javanica) also play an important role in giving agujjim a refreshing and fragrant flavor. The fish is an excellent source of protein and has a rich taste as well as a palatable chewy texture.

Doenjang
Doenjang (Korean: 된장; pronounced [tøn.dʑaŋ]; lit. 'thick sauce') or soybean paste is a type of fermented bean paste made of soybean and brine used in Korean cuisine. It is also a byproduct of soup soy sauce production. It is sometimes used as a relish.
UAB Blazers women's basketball
The UAB Blazers women's basketball team represents the University of Alabama at Birmingham in women's basketball. The school competes in the American Athletic Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Blazers play home basketball games at Bartow Arena in Birmingham, Alabama.

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Closer Settlement Acts
The Closer Settlement Acts (NSW) were introduced by the New South Wales parliament between 1901 and 1909 to reform land holdings and in particular to break the squatters' domination of land tenure.

The Acts included the Closer Settlement Acts of 1901 and 1904, and the Closer Settlement (Amendment) Acts of 1906 and 1907

Squatting (Australian history)
In the history of Australia, squatting was the act of occupying tracts of Crown land, typically to graze livestock. Though most squatters initially held no legal rights to the land they occupied, the majority were gradually recognised by successive colonial authorities as the legitimate owners of the land due to being among the first (and often only) white settlers in their area. The term squattocracy, a play on aristocracy, was coined to refer to squatters as a social class and the immense sociopolitical power they possessed.
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (soundtrack)
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, a reboot of the Planet of the Apes film franchise. The film's original score was composed by Patrick Doyle, and was released by Varèse Sarabande and Fox Music on August 9, 2011.

Varèse Sarabande
Varèse Sarabande is an American record label, owned by Concord Music Group and distributed by Universal Music Group, which specializes in film scores and original cast recordings. It aims to reissue rare or unavailable albums, as well as newer releases by artists no longer under a contract. The label's name was derived from combining French-born composer Edgard Varèse's last name with the musical term sarabande, a slow Spanish dance.

As of February 2018, Varèse operates as a division of Concord Music Group's Craft Recordings label.
1994 Páez River earthquake
The 1994 Páez River earthquake occurred on June 6 with a moment magnitude of 6.8 at a depth of 12 km (7.5 mi). The event, which is also known as the Páez River disaster, included subsequent landslides and mudslides that destroyed the small town of Páez, located on the foothills of the Central Ranges of the Andes in Cauca in south-western Colombia. It was estimated that 1,100 people, mostly from the Páez, were killed in some 15 settlements on the Páez River basin, Cauca and Huila departments of which the eponymous town of Páez suffered 50% of the death toll. In response to the disaster, the government created the Nasa Kiwe Corporation to bring relief to the area, and begin the reconstruction of the affected areas.

Páez River
The Páez River (Río Páez Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈpaes]) is a river in southwestern Colombia. It is a tributary of the Magdalena River which drains into the Caribbean Sea. It flows into the Magdalena just south of the village of Remolino del Vicho.
Stool of repentance
The stool of repentance (Scottish Gaelic: furm an aithreachais, stòl an aithreachais), in the Presbyterian polity, mostly in Scotland, was an elevated seat in a church used for the public penance of persons who had offended against the morality of the time, often through fornication and adultery. At the end of the service the offender usually had to stand on the stool to receive the rebuke of the minister. It was in use until the early 19th century.

Humiliation of sitting on the stool, being punished and publicly repenting sins drove some victims to suicide. In the case of pregnant women of such parishes who had not conceived with their husbands, they would often elaborately conceal their pregnancy or attempt infanticide rather than face the congregation in the Kirk Session.

An alternative to, or commutation of, the stool of repentance was the payment of buttock mail.

Fornication
Fornication generally refers to consensual sexual intercourse between two people who are not married to each other. When a married person has consensual sexual relations with one or more partners whom they are not married to, it is called adultery. John Calvin viewed adultery to be a sexual act that is considered outside of the divine model for sexual intercourse between married individuals, which includes fornication.

For many people, the term carries an overtone of moral or religious disapproval, but the significance of sexual acts to which the term is applied varies between religions, societies, and cultures. In modern usage, the term is often replaced with more judgment-neutral terms such as premarital sex, extramarital sex, or recreational sex.
Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee
The Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (also known as "DPTAC") is an expert committee established by the Transport Act 1985, to provide advice to the government on the transport needs of disabled people.

Membership of the DPTAC is mostly, but not exclusively, disabled people.

Transport Act 1985
The Transport Act 1985 (c. 67) was an act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. It introduced privatised and deregulated bus services throughout Great Britain and came into effect in October 1986.

The act was created as a response to growing concern about the environmental effect the private transportation was having and the public's objection to an increase in road construction. The Act was introduced by Nicholas Ridley and it committed to reduce the amount the public paid for commercial objects. This was achieved by reducing the control governments had of bus systems and reducing the subsidies to bus companies. The Conservative government also believed the removal of subsidies and local government control would lead to an increase in competition between companies. The deregulation of buses applied throughout Great Britain, excluding bus services in Greater London, and was led by the Conservative government. Public transport remains under direct public control in Northern Ireland.
Bim-Bom
"Bim Bom" (Portuguese pronunciation: [bĩ bõ]) is considered the first bossa nova song. It was composed by João Gilberto around 1956. The song wasn't recorded until July 1958 when Gilberto released it under Odeon Records along with his version of the first produced bossa nova song, "Chega de Saudade", which had been released by Elizete Cardoso earlier that year.

Gilberto wrote the song on the banks of the São Francisco river as he watched laundresses passing by, balancing loads on their heads. Inspired by the swaying of their steps, Gilberto reproduced their rhythm with "Bim-Bom".

The only lyrics of the song, apart from Bim-bom-bim, are roughly translated as This is all of my song / And there's nothing more / My heart has asked that it be this way. Bossa nova would come to be known for the relaxed simplicity of its lyrics as is exemplified in "Bim-Bom".

João Gilberto
João Gilberto do Prado Pereira de Oliveira (/ˈʒwaʊn ʒɪlˈbɛərtoʊ/ ZHWOWN zhil-BAIR-toh; Portuguese: [ʒuˈɐ̃w ʒiwˈbɛʁtu]; 10 June 1931 – 6 July 2019), known as João Gilberto,  was a Brazilian guitarist, singer, and composer who was a pioneer of the musical genre of bossa nova in the late 1950s. Around the world, he was often called the "father of bossa nova"; in his native Brazil, he was referred to as "O Mito" (The Myth).
In 1965, the album Getz/Gilberto was the first jazz record to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. It also won Best Jazz Instrumental Album – Individual or Group and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.
Gilberto's Amoroso was nominated for a Grammy in 1978 in the category Best Jazz Vocal Performance. In 2001 he won in the Best World Music Album category with João voz e violão.
31-bit computing
In computer architecture, 31-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 31 bits wide.

In 1983, IBM introduced 31-bit addressing in the System/370-XA mainframe architecture as an upgrade to the 24-bit physical and virtual, and transitional 24-bit-virtual/26-bit physical, addressing in System/370. This enhancement allowed address spaces to be 128 times larger, permitting programs to address memory above 16 MB (referred to as "above the line"). Support for COBOL, FORTRAN and later on Linux/390 was included.

In the early 1980s, the Motorola 68012 was introduced; it had 32-bit data and address registers, as did the Motorola 68010, but instead of providing the lower 24 bits of an address, it did so for all but bit 30 on the address pins.

Memory address
In computing, a memory address is a reference to a specific memory location in memory used by both software and hardware. These addresses are fixed-length sequences of digits, typically displayed and handled as unsigned integers. This numerical representation is based on the features of CPU (such as the instruction pointer and incremental address registers). Programming language constructs often treat the memory like an array.
Mareşal (Turkey)
Mareşal (transl. Marshal) is the highest rank in the Turkish Land Forces and Turkish Air Force. It is the equivalent of a field marshal in other countries.

The rank of Mareşal can trace its origins to the Ottoman Empire, where the rank of Mushir (Arabic: مشير) was bestowed upon senior commanders upon order of the ruling Sultan.

The word mariscalcus in Latin, had parts from the old-German words meaning horse and servant.

The rank of Mareşal can only be bestowed by the National Assembly, and only given to a general who leads an army, and/or air force with an extraordinary success in battle gaining a victory over the enemy.

The corresponding rank in the Turkish Navy is Büyük amiral.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Eyebrow restoration
Eyebrow restoration is the medical and cosmetic process of restoring eyebrow hair in people with eyebrow thinning or loss. Causes include trauma, burns, genetic predisposition, aging, over-plucking, hormonal changes, scarring, and certain dermatologic or systemic conditions. Eyebrow restoration techniques aim to restore both aesthetic appearance and function, including symmetry, natural hair direction, and density.

Genetic predisposition
Genetic predisposition refers to a genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions. The term genetic susceptibility is often used synonymously with genetic predisposition and is further defined as the inherited risk for specific conditions, based on genetic variants. While environmental factors can influence disease onset, genetic predisposition plays a role in inherited risk of conditions, such as various cancers. At the molecular level, genetic predisposition often involves specific gene mutation, regulatory pathways, or epigenetic modifications that alter cellular processes, increasing disease risk.
Monte Castelvecchio
Monte Castelvecchio is a mountain in Lombardy, Italy, with an elevation of 623 metres (2,044 ft). It is located in the Varese Prealps, in the Province of Varese, in the municipality of Cunardo.

Due to its commanding position over the Valcuvia and Val Marchirolo, Monte Castelvecchio has been fortified since the Early Middle Ages. In 900 Liutprand, King of the Lombards, built a fort (later a castle) atop the mountain, which later came under the control of the House of Visconti; the castle, from which the mountain derives its current name (Castelvecchio meaning "old castle"), was burned in 1164, 1447 and 1517. In the 18th century, the ruins were dismantled and the material used to build Cunardo's parish church.

Boesio
The Boesio is a river (intermittent stream) in Valcuvia, a valley in the north of   the province of Varese, Lombardy, Italy. 
It rises near Cuveglio and flowing in an east–west direction before entering Lake Maggiore at Laveno-Mombello.

The river's course takes it through the communes of Cuveglio, Cuvio, Casalzuigno, Azzio, Brenta, Gemonio, Cittiglio and Laveno-Mombello. The state road SS 394 follows in part the course of the river.

Fish found in the river include Salmonidae and Cyprinidae, in particular brown trout and  vairone (Leuciscus souffia). The waters of the river are polluted.
Brottrunk
Brottrunk (literally meaning "bread drink" in German) is a fermented grain beverage similar to bread kvass, made in Germany from bread. The bread is baked from biodynamically grown grains. This bread is then fermented in a proprietary month-long process. Then, without further processing, the liquid is bottled. First marketed in 1981 by master baker Wilhelm Kanne, this non-alcoholic probiotic beverage is distributed as Kanne Brottrunk in Germany and in several European countries.

Brottrunk contains live cultures (Lactobacillus reuteri), grain lactic acid, minerals and vitamins (though not in noteworthy amounts).

A number of limited clinical studies have been conducted in Germany that have also indicated the positive effect of brottrunk on the immune system, the skin, the digestive system and other health related issues.

Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.
One the Woman
One the Woman (Korean: 원 더 우먼) is a 2021 South Korean television series directed by Choi Hyeong-hun and written by Kim Yoon. It stars Lee Hanee in a dual role, Lee Sang-yoon, Jin Seo-yeon, and Lee Won-geun. The drama premiered on SBS TV on September 17, 2021, and aired every Friday and Saturday, at 22:00 (KST).

The series ended on November 6, 2021, after airing 16 episodes. The last episode achieved a viewership of 17.8%, about 3.2 million views, which was its highest nationwide ratings in its entire run.

Chaebol
A chaebol (Korean: 재벌 [tɕɛbɔɭ] ⓘ) is a type of large industrial South Korean conglomerate run and controlled by an individual or family. A chaebol often consists of multiple diversified affiliates, controlled by a person or group. Several dozen large South Korean family-controlled corporate groups fall under this definition. The term first appeared in English text in 1972.

Chaebol have also played a significant role in South Korean politics. In 1988, a member of a chaebol family, Chung Mong-joon, president of Hyundai Heavy Industries, successfully ran for the National Assembly of South Korea. Other business leaders were also chosen to be members of the National Assembly through proportional representation. Hyundai has made efforts in the thawing of North Korean relations, despite some controversy. Many South Korean family-run chaebol have been criticised for low dividend payouts and other governance practices that favor controlling shareholders at the expense of ordinary investors.
Anything, Anything (I'll Give You)
"Anything, Anything (I'll Give You)" is a 1985 song by the alternative rock band Dramarama released as the first single from their debut album Cinéma Vérité. Written by John Easdale in the mid-1980s, "Anything, Anything" features a steady beat and lyrics about the breakdown of his marriage.

Although initially unsuccessful, the song saw commercial success after being played on KROQ and featuring on the A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master soundtrack. "Anything, Anything" remains one of the band's most famous songs and is a live favorite.

Lucky Boys Confusion
Lucky Boys Confusion is an American rock band from the western suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Hailing from DuPage County, the band's music is a mix of rock, punk, ska and hip hop. The band consists of vocalist Kaustubh "Stubhy" Pandav, guitarist/vocalist Adam Krier, bassist Jason Schultejann, and drummer Ryan Fergus. Guitarist and founding member Joe Sell (October 16, 1978 – May 15, 2012) was a member of the band until his death. Pandav and Krier write the majority of the band's songs.
Gawler Football Club
The Gawler Football Club was an Australian rules football club that was founded in June 1868 based at Gawler in the Township of Gawler about 39 km to the north-north east of Adelaide, South Australia.

In 1877 it was a foundation club of the South Australian Football Association (later renamed SANFL).

By 1880 the township had three additional clubs - Gawler Albion and Athenians junior clubs and Havelock for juveniles which were all playing arranged matches against visiting teams from Adelaide.

Following a merger in 1887 of the Gawler and Gawler Albions an application to the SAFA was successful for a Seniors Team called Gawler Albion to join the SAFA competition. Albion was dropped from the Club name the following season.

The Gawler Junior Football Association was formed on Tuesday 23 April 1889 and comprised three junior local teams - Gawler South, Gawler Centrals and Willaston.  All three clubs still exist and since 1897 compete in the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association.

Adelaide Plains Football League
The Adelaide Plains Football League (APFL) is an Australian rules football competition based in the Adelaide Plains region immediately north of Adelaide, South Australia. It is an affiliated member of the South Australian National Football League.
Puhi Peaks
Puhi Peaks is a high country station in the Kaikōura District of the South Island of New Zealand. The station is located in the Seaward Kaikōura Ranges and includes the highest elevation privately owned land in New Zealand, with the highest point at 2,438 m (7,999 ft). Road access to the station is through the Puhi Puhi River valley around 20 km (12 mi) north of Kaikōura. The homestead of the station is at an elevation of 610 m (2,000 ft).  Nicky McArthur is the owner of Puhi Peaks Station and the owner-operator of the Kaikoura Wilderness Walk operation at the site.

The area of the station is 1,618 ha (4,000 acres), but 810 ha (2,000 acres) has been set aside by the owners in perpetuity as the Puhi Peaks Nature Reserve, under covenant to the Queen Elizabeth II National Trust.

Puhi Puhi River
The Puhi Puhi River is a river in the Kaikōura District of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southwest, roughly paralleling the Pacific Ocean coast, from sources draining from the Seaward Kaikōura Range, and reaches its outflow into the Hāpuku River 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the latter's mouth at Hapuku. One of the tributaries is the Clinton River.
Gercüş
Gercüş (Kurdish: Kercoz; Syriac: Kfar-Gawze) is a town and seat of the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The town is populated by Kurds of the Kercoz tribe and had a population of 6,064 in 2021. The town is divided into the neighbourhoods of Bağlarbaşı, Çukurçeşme, Pınarbaşı and Yolağzı.

Batman Province
Batman Province (Turkish: Batman ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Êlihê, transl. "Province of Êlih"; Armenian: Բատմանի զավառ, transl. "Province of Batman") is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It was created in May 1990 with Law No. 3647, incorporating districts from the eastern Siirt Province and the southern Mardin Province. The province has an area of 4,477 km2 (1,729 sq mi) and a population of 634,491 (2022). Its current governor is Ekrem Canalp.

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. It is an important center for Turkey's oil industry, which has driven rapid urbanization since the mid-20th century.