hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laodicea ad Libanum
Laodicea ad Libanum ("Laodicea by Mount Lebanon") (Greek: Λαοδίκεια ἡ πρὸς Λίβανου),  also transliterated as Laodiceia or Laodikeia; also Cabrosa, Scabrosa and Cabiosa Laodiceia – was an ancient Hellenistic city on the Orontes in Coele-Syria, the remains of which are found approximately 25 km southwest of Homs, Syria (at Kadesh). The city is mentioned by Strabo (xvi. p. 755) as the commencement of the Marsyas Campus, which extended along the west side of the Orontes, near its source. It is called Cabiosa Laodiceia by Ptolemy (Kabiôsa Laodikeia, v. 15), and gives its name to a district Laodicene (Laodikênê), in which he places two other towns, Paradisus (Paradeisos) and Jabruda (Iabmouda). Pliny (v. 23), among other people of Syria, reckons ad orientem Laodicenos, qui ad Libanum cognominantur.

Laodicea ad Libanum is a titular see of the Catholic Church, Laodicensis ad Libanum; the seat was held by bishop Paul Bassim.

Yabroud
Yabroud or Yabrud (Arabic: يَبْرُود, romanized: Yabrūd) is a city in Syria, located in the Rif Dimashq (i.e. Damascus' countryside) governorate about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the capital Damascus. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Yabroud had a population of 25,891 in the 2004 census.

Jabroudian caves were discovered in the area in 1930. During the Syria Civil War the area was controlled by rebels from 2011 to 2014, before being retaken by government forces.
Blokhin
Blokhin (Russian: Блохин, Ukrainian: Блохін) might refer to one of the following:

People

Alexander Viktorovich Blokhin (born 1951), Russian diplomat

Alexis Blokhina (born 2004), American tennis player

Iryna Blokhina (born 1983), Ukrainian singer and poet, daughter of Oleh Blokhin

Nikolai Blokhin (1912 -  1993),   Soviet surgeon and oncologist

Oleg Blokhin (born 1952), Soviet and Ukrainian football coach

Oleh Olehovych Blokhin (born 1980), Ukrainian football player

Sofia Blokhin (born 2006), Estonian chess player

Tatyana Blokhina (born 1970), Russian heptathlete

Vasili Blokhin (1895–1955), chief executioner during Stalin's purges

Yevgeniy Blokhin (born 1979), Kazakh ice hockey player

Tatyana Blokhina
Tatyana Blokhina (née Sidorova, Russian: Татьяна Блохина, Сидорова); born 12 March 1970) is a Russian female former track and field athlete who competed for Russia and the Soviet Union in combined track and field events. She won a gold medal at heptathlon in 1989 European Athletics Junior Championships
Oriented energy filters
Oriented energy filters are used to grant sight to intelligent machines and sensors. The light comes in and is filtered so that it can be properly computed and analyzed by the computer allowing it to “perceive” what it is measuring. These energy measurements are then calculated to take a real time measurement of the oriented space time structure.

3D Gaussian filters are used to extract orientation measurements. They were chosen due to their ability to capture a broad spectrum and easy and efficient computations.

The use of these vision systems can then be used in smart room, human interface and surveillance applications. The computations used can tell more than the standalone frame that most perceived motion devices such as a television frame. The objects captured by these devices would tell the velocity and energy of an object and its direction in relation to space and time. This also allows for better tracking ability and recognition.

Gaussian filter
In electronics and signal processing, mainly in digital signal processing, a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function (or an approximation to it, since a true Gaussian response would have infinite impulse response). Gaussian filters have the properties of having no overshoot to a step function input while minimizing the rise and fall time. This behavior is closely connected to the fact that the Gaussian filter has the minimum possible group delay. A Gaussian filter will have the best combination of suppression of high frequencies while also minimizing spatial spread, being the critical point of the uncertainty principle.  These properties are important in areas such as oscilloscopes and digital telecommunication systems.

Mathematically, a Gaussian filter modifies the input signal by convolution with a Gaussian function; this transformation is also known as the Weierstrass transform.
Bittersweet (Sophie Ellis-Bextor song)
"Bittersweet" is a song by British singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor, written by Ellis-Bextor, James Wiltshire, Russell Small, Richard Stannard and Hannah Robinson for Ellis-Bextor's fourth studio album Make a Scene. The song was released as the album's third single on 3 May 2010, following two singles on which Ellis-Bextor collaborated, that also appear on Make a Scene.

Hannah Robinson
Hannah Robinson (born in Derbyshire) is a British songwriter. Her best-known compositions include Rachel Stevens's UK No. 2 hit "Some Girls", Ladyhawke's "My Delirium" and Annie's "Chewing Gum". Robinson began her career as a vocalist and in 2006 she achieved a No. 1 on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart with "Give Me Your Love", a collaboration with Carl Cox.
1901 Washington Agricultural football team
The 1901 Washington Agricultural football team was an American football team that represented Washington Agricultural College as an independent during the 1901 college football season. In its first season under head coach William Namack, the team compiled a 4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 47 to 7. The team played its home games at Soldier Field in Pullman, Washington, and was recognized as the co-champion of the northwest.

1901 college football season
The 1901 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with NCAA-designated "major selectors" retroactively selecting Michigan and Harvard as national champions. The NCAA records book erroneously lists Yale as Parke H. Davis's selection. Harvard beat Yale 22–0 the last game of the year.
Woodhouse hill fort
Woodhouse hill fort is an Iron Age hillfort between Frodsham and Helsby in Cheshire, England. It lies at the northern end of the Mid Cheshire Ridge. Woodhouse Hill has steep cliffs on the western sides, providing a natural defence. It is defended by a rampart to the north and east where the ground slopes more gently. Excavations in 1951 showed that the rampart was originally 4m high and revetted with stone on both sides. A number of small rounded stones, believed to be slingstones, have been found on the site. The hill fort is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

The hill has a summit of 137m AOD. The fort site and the surrounding areas form a part of within Snidley Moor Wood much of which is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust.

Woodland Trust
The Woodland Trust is the largest woodland conservation charity in the United Kingdom and is concerned with the creation, protection, and restoration of native woodland heritage. It has planted over 68 million trees since 1972. The Woodland Trust has three aims: to protect ancient woodland which is rare, unique and irreplaceable, to promote the restoration of damaged ancient woodland, and to plant native trees and woods to benefit people and wildlife.

The charity maintains ownership of over 1,000 sites covering over 33,000 hectares (330 square kilometres; 130 square miles) of which 8,070ha (33%) is ancient woodland. It ensures public access to its woods.
Boulder Mountain (Utah)
Boulder Mountain (also known as Bluebell Knoll and Boulder Top) in Utah, United States makes up half of the Aquarius Plateau of South Central Utah in Wayne and Garfield counties. The mountain rises to the west of Capitol Reef National Park and consists of steep slopes and cliffs with over 50,000 acres (200 km²) of rolling forest and meadowlands on the top. The mountain has a nearly flat summit of roughly 70 square miles. The mountain is the highest timbered plateau in North America and is part of the Dixie National Forest.

Garfield County, Utah
Garfield County is a county in south central Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 5,083, making it the fifth-least populous county in Utah; with about one inhabitant per square mile, it is also the least densely populated county in Utah. Its county seat and largest city is Panguitch.
KIZS
KIZS (101.5 MHz "101.5 El Patrón") is a commercial radio station licensed to Collinsville, Oklahoma, and serving the Tulsa metropolitan area.  It airs a regional Mexican format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The studios are in the Tulsa Event Center on South Memorial Drive near Interstate 44 in Southeast Tulsa.

KIZS has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,200 watts.  Its transmitter tower is on East 124th Street near Oklahoma State Highway 20 in Owasso.  KIZS is licensed by the FCC to broadcast in the HD Radio hybrid format.  Its HD2 subchannel plays oldies from the 1960s, from iHeartRadio.  That feeds an FM translator in Stillwater at 103.1 MHz.

Owasso, Oklahoma
Owasso (/ˈoʊˌwæsoʊ/) is a city in Rogers and Tulsa Counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and the largest northern suburb of Tulsa. The population was 39,328 persons as of the 2022 census estimate, compared to 28,915 at the 2010 census, a gain of 36 percent. Originally settled in 1881 in Indian Territory, the town was incorporated in 1904 just prior to Oklahoma statehood and was chartered as a city in 1972.
Hahoetal
Hahoetal (Korean: 하회탈) are traditional Korean masks worn in the Hahoe byeolsingut talnori ceremonies that date back to the 12th century. They represent the stock characters needed to perform the roles in the ritual dance dramas included in the ceremony. The masks originated in the Hahoe Folk Village and Byeongsan Village, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. They are counted among the treasures of South Korea, and the oldest Hahoe mask is on display in the National Museum of Korea. The Hahoetal masks are considered to be among of the most beautiful and well known images representing Korean culture. The South Korean government named the masks "National Treasure #121" and the dance of the Pyolshin-gut Ta'l nori as "important intangible cultural asset #69." The Hahoe Mask Dance Drama Preservation Society performs the dance drama weekly at the Hahoe folk village for tourists, while Andong City hosts an international mask dance festival every October.

Byeongsan Seowon
The Byeongsan Seowon (Korean: 병산서원) is a seowon located in Byeongsa-ri village of the Pungcheon-myeon township in the city of Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Seowon is a type of local academy during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). It was first established as Jondeoksa (尊德祠) by local Confucian scholars especially Jeong Gyeong-se (鄭經世) in 1613, the fifth year of King Gwanghaegung's reign, to commemorate the scholarly achievement and virtue of the notable Confucian scholar and politician Yu Sŏngnyong. The predecessor of the seowon was Pungak Seodang (豊岳書堂) which was a school located in Pungsan to teach the Pungsan Yu clan during the Goryeo period. Yu Sŏngnyong moved the seodang to the current place in 1572.
Yanqing, Beijing
Yanqing District (Chinese: 延庆区; pinyin: Yánqìng Qū), formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center. The district consists of 3 subdistricts, 11 towns and 4 townships, and borders the Beijing districts of Huairou to the east and Changping to the south as well as the Hebei counties of Huailai to the west and Chicheng to the north. The district hosted the Expo 2019, and hosted alpine skiing, bobsled, luge and skeleton during the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Badaling railway station
Badaling railway station  is a station of Jingbao Railway in Beijing. The station opened in 1979. It is a stop on Line S2 of the Beijing Suburban Railway.

It should not be confused with the high-speed rail station Badaling Great Wall railway station which opened in December 2019.
Cù Lao Ré volcanic islands
Cù-Lao Ré is a volcanic field northeast of Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam. The field consists of 13 volcanic cones; four subaerial and nine submarine. Three of the subaerial cones formed the Cù-Lao Ré Island, while the fourth one formed the Cù-Lao Bai Island. The islands form the Lý Sơn District of Quảng Ngãi Province.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Phillip Evatt
Phillip George Evatt, DSC (2 July 1922 – 20 March 2010) was an Australian naval officer and jurist who serviced as a judge on the Federal Court of Australia from 1977 to 1987. Evatt received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Sydney. He served as lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy from 1940 to 1946, including on the British submarine HMS Tapir. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his part in the sinking of German submarine U-486 in 1945. Evatt was admitted as a barrister in New South Wales in 1951. During his career as a jurist, he served on several courts, including the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory (1976–1987), the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory (1974–1987), and the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (1981–1987). Evatt presided over a Royal Commission into the use of chemical agents in the Vietnam War.

Supreme Court of Norfolk Island
The Supreme Court of Norfolk Island is the superior court for the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters and hears the most serious criminal matters. It also has jurisdiction over the Coral Sea Islands Territory. All matters are heard before a single judge, including appeals from the Court of Petty Sessions. In the Australian court hierarchy, it is one of eight state and territory Supreme Courts having unlimited jurisdiction in their respective parts of Australia. Appeal lies to the Federal Court of Australia, from which an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.
Michigan Schools and Government Credit Union
The Michigan Schools and Government Credit Union (MSGCU) is headquartered in Clinton Township, Michigan, and has a membership size of more than 137,000 and assets of over $3.7 billion. MSGCU was founded in 1954 and is a not-for-profit financial institution, which is owned and operated by its members. The credit union is regulated under the authority of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), which means its members' deposits are federally insured up to $250,000.
Michigan Schools and Government Credit Union currently has 22 branches located throughout Macomb, Oakland, Wayne, and Washtenaw counties. It also belongs to the CO-OP Network of ATMs and Credit Union Service Centers. This network allows members to utilize more than 30,000 surcharge-free ATMs and 5,600 Service Centers nationwide.

Wayne County, Michigan
Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the United States census placed its population at 1,793,561, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815. Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of several U.S. counties named after Revolutionary War-era general Anthony Wayne.
Caves of Barać
The Caves of Barać (Croatian: Baraćeve špilje) also known as Barać Caves or Barać's Caves are a group of caves located near the village of Nova Kršlja in the municipality of Rakovica, Croatia.  In 1892 the caves were opened to visitors but subsequently abandoned and forgotten following World War II. In July 2004 the Upper Caves of Barać were reopened to visitors.

The caves are named after a certain Barać who was a fighter against the Ottomans. According to a legend the caves bear the name of the victory of Barać at the caves. The surname of Barać does not exist anymore in this region.

In 2022, tools that were likely from the Neanderthals were discovered in the caves, the tool was found next to a phalanx and  a tooth of a cave bear.

Cave bear
The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is a prehistoric species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum.

The common and scientific name for the species comes from their remains having been found largely in caves. This reflects the views of experts that cave bears spent more time in caves than the brown bear, frequently using them to hibernate during the winter months. Unlike brown bears, cave bears are thought to have been almost entirely or exclusively herbivorous.

Cave bears exhibit a great degree of size, morphological and genetic variability, and Late Pleistocene cave bears are often (though not universally) considered to be species complex of up to 6 different species.
Fred M. Wilcox (South Dakota politician)
Fred M. Wilcox (1858–1938) was an American politician and businessman.

Born 15 September 1858 in Fremont County, Iowa, Wilcox moved to Springfield, Illinois, and then in 1880, to Beadle County, Dakota Territory. Wilcox was in the real estate and loan business and lived in Huron, South Dakota. He married Adda M. Miller (1857–1949), with whom he had a son and a daughter. Between 1900 and 1910, they moved to Pasadena, California. Wilcox died on December 1, 1938, and he and his wife are interred in Glendale, California.

Beadle County, South Dakota
Beadle County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,149, making it the 11th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Huron. The county was created in 1879 and organized in 1880. Beadle County comprises the Huron, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes
The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes is a short story collection of twelve Sherlock Holmes pastiches, first published in 1954. It was written by Adrian Conan Doyle, who was the son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (the creator of Sherlock Holmes), and by John Dickson Carr, who was the authorised biographer of the elder Conan Doyle. The first six stories were written in collaboration by the two writers, while the last six stories were written solely by Adrian Conan Doyle.

Each story in this collection is postscripted with a quote from one of the original Sherlock Holmes stories, making reference to an undocumented Holmes case that inspired it.

Postscript
A postscript (P.S., PS., or PS) may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. For such longer works it may also be known as an afterword or subscription. The term comes from the Latin "post scriptum", an expression meaning "written after" (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing").
Gary Tuttle
Gary Tuttle (born October 12, 1947) is an American long-distance runner and local politician from Ventura, California.  Over a lengthy career, he won two NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships, set three American records, ran for the USA team at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, won the Bay to Breakers race in 1974 and placed second in the Boston Marathon in 1985.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
HMS Victorious
Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Victorious.

HMS Victorious (1785), launched at Blackwall Yard, London, was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line

HMS Victorious (1808), launched at Bucklers Hard, was a 74-gun third rate

HMS Victorious (1895) was a Majestic-class battleship. She had a quiet career, spending World War I as a dockyard repair ship before being broken up in 1923.

HMS Victorious (R38), an Illustrious-class aircraft carrier, launched in 1939. She saw much action in World War II. She was scrapped in 1969.

HMS Victorious (S29), launched in 1993, is a Vanguard-class ballistic missile submarine

HMS Victorious (S29)
HMS Victorious is the second Vanguard-class submarine of the Royal Navy. Victorious carries the Trident ballistic missile, the UK's nuclear deterrent.

Victorious was built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd, later BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, was launched in September 1993, and commissioned in January 1995.
Dini continuity
In mathematical analysis, Dini continuity is a refinement of continuity. Every Dini continuous function is continuous. Every Lipschitz continuous function and every Hölder continuous function is Dini continuous.

Hölder condition
In mathematics, a real or complex-valued function f on d-dimensional Euclidean space satisfies a Hölder condition, or is Hölder continuous, when there are real constants C ≥ 0, α > 0, such that

for all x and y in the domain of f.  More generally, the condition can be formulated for functions between any two metric spaces. The number  is called the exponent of the Hölder condition. A function on an interval satisfying the condition with α > 1 is constant (see proof below). If α = 1, then the function satisfies a Lipschitz condition. For any α > 0, the condition implies the function is uniformly continuous. The condition is named after Otto Hölder.
If , the function is simply bounded (any two values  takes are at most  apart).

We have the following chain of inclusions for functions defined on a closed and bounded interval [a, b] of the real line with a < b:

where 0 < α ≤ 1.
Denzil Williams
Denzil Williams (born 17 October 1938) is a former Wales international rugby union player. He was capped 36 times for Wales between 1963 and 1971, including Wales' first overseas tour in 1964. He played in the Welsh rugby team's first match outside Europe and its first in the Southern Hemisphere; played against East Africa in Nairobi on 12 May 1964, Wales winning 8-26.  He was also selected fives times for the British & Irish Lions in 1966. His first international match was in the Five Nations tournament on 19 January 1963.  Williams also played club rugby for Ebbw Vale.

Ebbw Vale RFC
Ebbw Vale Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Glyn Ebwy) is a Welsh Rugby Union Club based in the town of Ebbw Vale, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales.

The club play in the Super Rygbi Cymru and act as a feeder club for the Dragons regional team.