hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coate–Loury model
The Coate–Loury model of affirmative action was developed by Stephen Coate and Glenn Loury in 1993. The model seeks to answer the question of whether, by mandating expanded opportunities for minorities in the present, these policies are rendered unnecessary in the future. Affirmative action may lead to one of two outcomes:

By improving employers’ perceptions of minorities or improving minorities’ skills, or both, affirmative action policies would eventually cause employers to want to hire minorities regardless of the presence of affirmative action policies.

By dampening incentives for minorities, affirmative action policies would reduce minority skill investment, thus leading to an equilibrium where employers correctly believe minorities to be less productive than majorities, thus perpetuating the need for affirmative action in order to achieve parity in the labor market.

Coate and Loury concluded that either equilibrium is possible under certain assumptions.

Stephen Coate
Stephen Thomas Redvers Coate is a British-American economist and currently Kiplinger Professor of Public Policy at Cornell University. His research focuses on developing economic models to analyze public policy issues.
Core of Soul
Core of Soul (formerly Core of Sun) was a Japanese pop/downtempo band. The group formed when Song met Nakamura and Iizuka at a school in Osaka. They disbanded March 24, 2006 after completing their Asian tour in Osaka.

Downtempo
Downtempo (or downbeat) is a broad label for electronic music that features an atmospheric sound and slower beats than would typically be found in dance music (downtempo tracks are usually around 90 BPM). Closely related to ambient music but with greater emphasis on rhythm, the style may be played in relaxation clubs or as "warm-up or cool-down" music during a DJ set. Examples of downtempo subgenres include trip hop, ambient house, chillwave, psybient and lofi hip hop.

The style emerged in the late 1980s with the UK's Bristol scene that birthed artists like Massive Attack, Portishead, and Tricky. In the 1990s, the style was heard internationally in artists such as Hooverphonic, Kruder & Dorfmeister, Fila Brazillia, and Thievery Corporation. Other prominent artists to emerge in the style include Underworld, Orbital, Fluke, Boards of Canada, Nicolas Jaar, and Bonobo.
Parvez Rahman Jibon
Parvez Rahman Jibon (born 8 October 2006) is a Bangladeshi cricketer   He made his List A debut for Gazi Group Cricketers in the  2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 12 March 2024  He made his first-class debut on 19 October 2024 for Khulna Division in the 2024–25 National Cricket League He made his Twenty20 debut on 18 December 2024 for Khulna Division in the 2024–25 National Cricket League Twenty20

Gazi Group Cricketers
Gazi Group Cricketers are a team that plays List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier League. They are sponsored by the Gazi Group of industrial companies, which also sponsors the DPL teams Gazi Tyres Cricket Academy and Rupganj Tigers Cricket Club. Under their former name of Magnum Cricketers they won the Dhaka First Division League in 2014–15, and were promoted to List A status in the Dhaka Premier League for 2015–16. They won the 2016–17 edition of the competition.
Satama-Sokoro
Satama-Sokoro is a town in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Dabakala Department in Hambol Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Satama-Sokoro was 18,209.

Hambol
Hambol Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Vallée du Bandama District. The seat of the region is Katiola and the region's population in the 2021 census was 612,029.

Hambol is currently divided into three departments: Dabakala, Katiola, and Niakaramandougou.
Ambi (film)
Ambi is a 2006 Indian Kannada-language romantic film directed by V. Nagendra Prasad and produced by N. Kumar. The film stars Aditya and Manya in the lead roles. The film has musical score by V. Nagendra Prasad. The film was a flop at boxoffice.

Manya (actress)
Manya (born 17 October 1982) is an Indian actress who mainly worked in Malayalam and Telugu films and a few Kannada and Tamil movies. She began her acting career in Telugu cinema. In 2000, she was introduced to Malayalam films by director Lohithadas and acted in Joker opposite Dileep.
Brahma (1994 film)
Brahma is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by K. Subash and produced by S. Ramanathan. The film stars Govinda, Madhoo, Ayesha Jhulka in the lead roles. It is a remake of Subash's 1991 Tamil film Bramma.

S. Ramanathan (film director)
S. Ramanathan (1929 – 9 January 2013) was an Indian film director and producer. He began as an assistant director in Indian cinema from 1951 until 1958, then he worked as a director in Indian cinema. In the 1970s he worked in the Hindi industry with Amitabh Bachchan on several occasions such as in Bombay to Goa (1972) and Mahaan (1983). Zamaanat, a project with Bachchan which had been delayed since 1996, was still awaiting release in 2014. He produced several Kannada films along with his brother Shivaram and formed the home banner "Rashi Brothers". He died on 9 January 2013 in Chennai.
Etlik
Etlik is a neighbourhood in the Keçiören, Ankara City,  Turkey. Its population is 32,156 (2022). The neighbourhood is located between İncirli, Aşağı Eğlence and Gümüşdere neighbourhoods. It borders the district of Yenimahalle in the south.

Yenimahalle
Yenimahalle is a municipality and metropolitan district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 219 km2, and its population is 704,652 (2022). It is a fast-growing urban residential district of the city of Ankara, Turkey's capital. Its elevation is 861 m (2,825 ft).
Hypericum llanganaticum
Hypericum llanganaticum is a species of shrub in the family Hypericaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. It grows in the Andes at elevations between 3000 and 4500 meters. Most collections have been made in Parque Nacional Llanganates.

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
South Isle of Gletness
The South Isle of Gletness is an islet off Gletness, in Nesting in east central, Mainland, Shetland. It is 30m at its highest point.

Amongst its features are some caves.

The North Isle of Gletness is nearby.

Mainland, Shetland
The Mainland is the principal island of Shetland in Scotland. Covering an area of 899 km2 (347 sq mi), the island contains Shetland's only burgh, Lerwick, which is the main administrative centre, and major point of Shetland's ferry and air connections. The island has a diversified economy, with interests in agriculture, fishing, aquaculture, oil and gas, and tourism. It also forms part of a UNESCO Global Geopark, noted for its cliffs, moorlands, and diverse marine wildlife. Mainland is also the largest island in the North Sea.
FK postcode area
The FK postcode area, also known as the Falkirk postcode area, is a group of 21 postcode districts in central Scotland, within 18 post towns. These cover most of the Falkirk council area (including Falkirk itself, Grangemouth, Larbert, Denny and Bonnybridge), most of the Stirling council area (including Stirling itself, Dunblane, Doune, Callander, Lochearnhead, Crianlarich and Killin) and Clackmannanshire (including Alloa, Clackmannan, Menstrie, Alva, Tillicoultry and Dollar), plus small parts of Fife, Perth and Kinross, and Argyll and Bute.

Mail for the FK postcode area is processed at Edinburgh Mail Centre, along with mail for the EH, KY, PH, DD and TD postcode areas.

Bonnybridge
Bonnybridge (Scottish Gaelic: Drochaid Bhunaich; Scots: Bonniebrig) is a village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It is 4.0 miles (6.4 km) west of Falkirk, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north-east of Cumbernauld and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) south-southwest of Stirling. The village is situated near the Bonny Water which runs through the town and lies north of the Forth and Clyde Canal. To the south-east of Bonnybridge is a well-preserved section of the Antonine Wall, and the remnants of Rough Castle Fort, the most complete of the surviving Roman forts of the wall.

According to the 2001 Census, the population stands at 6,870 residents. However, the Bonnybridge settlement area, which includes Banknock, Denny, Dunipace and Haggs has a total population of around 24,370.
Sam Younger
James Samuel Younger CBE (born 5 October 1951) is a British media and charity manager.

Younger was managing director of the BBC World Service from 1994 to 1998, and chief executive of the British Red Cross from 1999 to 2001. He was the founding chairman of the United Kingdom Electoral Commission from 2001 to 2008 and the chief executive of the Charity Commission for England and Wales from September 2010 to April 2014.

He is also chair of the governing body of the University of Sussex and former chairman of the Board of QAA.

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours.

He has been chairman of the Consumers' Association Council since 1 January 2020.

Younger is the son of Kenneth Younger, a Labour Minister under Clement Attlee.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Hilda Molina
Hilda Molina (born Hilda Molina y Morejon in 1943 in Ciego de Avila, Cuba) is the former chief neurosurgeon of Cuba. Molina was also a deputy in the Cuban National Assembly but has been a critic of the Cuban government since the early 1990s. Her criticisms focus primarily on Cuba's state-governed healthcare system.

Ciego de Ávila
Ciego de Ávila (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsjeɣo ðe ˈaβila]) is a city in the central part of Cuba and the capital of Ciego de Ávila Province. The capital city has a population of about 156,322 and the province 430,507.
New Clark City Athletes Village
The New Clark City Athletes' Village is an accommodation and support facility within the New Clark City Sports Hub located at the New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines. It serves as the primary housing units for athletes, coaches, officials, and visiting organizations during trainings, sporting and entertainment events, and other major activities in the area.  It is managed by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA).

Capas
Capas, officially the Municipality of Capas (Kapampangan: Balen ning Capas;  
Tagalog: Bayan ng Capas), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 162,724 people.

It is one of the richest towns in the province. The town also consists of numerous subdivisions and exclusive villages.

Capas is known as the “Tourism Capital of Tarlac." Apart from being known as the final site of the infamous Bataan Death March, it is also known for Mount Pinatubo treks, where thousands of mountaineers and visitors go. The town has some industrial factories like the PilMiCo.
Red chip
Red chip stocks (Chinese: 红筹股; pinyin: hóng chóu gǔ; Jyutping: hung4 chau4 gu2) are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China (often Hong Kong or a British Overseas Territory) and listed in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. It refers to businesses based in mainland China and with (majority) shares controlled either directly or indirectly by a government body. This controlling entity could be one or more combinations of the central, provincial or municipal mainland government, with the company listed in Hong Kong to allow private and overseas investment.

The term was coined by Hong Kong economist Alex Tang in 1992 and combines blue chip stocks with "red" representing the socialist economic philosophy of the People's Republic of China.

Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.
1990 Pilkington Glass Championships – Doubles
Katrina Adams and Zina Garrison were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners.

Adams teamed up with Lori McNeil and lost in the second round to Helen Kelesi and Andrea Temesvári.

Garrison teamed up with Patty Fendick and lost in the final to Larisa Savchenko-Neiland and Natasha Zvereva. The score was 6–4, 6–3.

Andrea Temesvári
Andrea Temesvári (born 26 April 1966) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player. She won the Italian Open at age sixteen, but injuries would later hamper her career.

Born in Budapest, Temesvári began playing tennis at age nine. She was coached by her father, Otto Temesvári, and Ferenc Polyak.
Oyem AC
Oyem Athletic Club (French: Club d'athlétisme d'Oyem) are a football club based in Oyem, Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon.

The club won promotion to the Gabon Championnat National D2 by winning the third level Championship in 2015. The club later won promotion to the top tier in 2017.

Woleu-Ntem Province
Woleu-Ntem is the northernmost of Gabon's nine provinces. It covers an area of 38,465 km2 and named after Woleu and Ntem rivers that cross it. The provincial capital is Oyem, which had a total of 60,685 inhabitants in 2013.

As Woleu-Ntem is the most northerly province of Gabon, it is the only province that borders Cameroon, and the only one with multiple foreign borders (other two being the Republics of the Congo and of Equatorial Guinea).  It borders the following areas of these countries:

Sangha Department, Republic of the Congo – east

South Province, Cameroon – north

Kié-Ntem Province, Equatorial Guinea – northwest, north of Wele-Nzas

Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea – northwest, east of Centro Sur and south of Kié-Ntem

Centro Sur Province, Equatorial Guinea – northwest, west of Wele-Nzas

Domestically, it borders the following provinces:

Estuaire – southwest

Moyen-Ogooué – south

Ogooué-Ivindo – southeast
Olney, Oregon
Olney is an unincorporated community and former company town in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 202 approximately eight miles southeast of Astoria. Its post office is assigned ZIP code 97325.

The town of Olney was named after Oregon Territory Supreme Court justice Cyrus Olney, who was from Astoria.

There were several logging camps near Olney, many originally only accessible by boat up the Youngs River or by Albert S. Kerry's Columbia and Nehalem River Railroad. In 1910, the Western Cooperage Company camp was established in Olney. It was run by the Tidewater Timber Company from 1923 to 1943. Western Cooperage provided company housing for its workers and in 1915 the population was 50, which was near its maximum. Olney post office was established in 1875 and ran until 1950. Today, Olney still has a general store.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Tresham, Gloucestershire
Tresham is a village in the civil parish of Hillesley and Tresham, in the Stroud district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It was transferred back from the county of Avon in 1991, having been in Gloucestershire before 1974. It is on the Monarch's Way and near the Cotswold Way (grid reference ST792912).

According to Pevsner Tresham Church, built in a Norman style on the site of a previous church building, dates from 1855.

Burden Court Farm was originally the home of Charles II's Lord Chief Justice Sir Matthew Hale (1609–76). It was later the home of Lord (Jack) and Lady (Frances) Donaldson.

Monarch's Way
The Monarch's Way is a 625-mile (1,006 km) long-distance footpath in England that approximates the escape route taken by King Charles II in 1651 after being defeated in the Battle of Worcester.  It runs from Worcester via Bristol and Yeovil to Shoreham, West Sussex.

All of the route is waymarked, using a logo with a drawing of the ship Surprise above a Prince of Wales three-point feathered crown on a silhouette of the Royal Oak tree (which is at Boscobel House). The route is shown as a series of green diamonds on the Ordnance Survey (larger scale) 1:25000 maps, and of red diamonds on its 1:50000 maps.

The route was established in 1994 by Trevor Antill, and was published in a three volume guide (see Further reading below). The trail is maintained by the Monarch's Way Association in partnership with local highway authorities.
6th Division (Japan)
The 6th Division (第6師団, Dai-roku Shidan) is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The division has been subordinated to the North Eastern Army and is headquartered at JGSDF Camp Jinmachi, in Higashine, Yamagata Prefecture, in northern Japan. Its responsibility is the defense of Fukushima, Miyagi and, Yamagata prefectures.

The division was raised on 15 August 1962. The division contributed 500 troops to the Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group under the United Nations in 2004.

North Eastern Army (Japan)
The North Eastern Army (東北方面隊, Tōhoku Hōmentai) is one of five active Armies of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force headquartered in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture. Its responsibility is the defense of the Tōhoku region.
Sharonville Transmission
Sharonville Transmission is a Ford Motor Company transmission factory in Sharonville, Ohio established in 1958.

Sharonville's heavy transmission product is the 10R140 transmission used in Super Duty pickups. They are still running the 6R140 from 2006 in small quantities. In 2019 the plant was awarded another $900 million to go along with the $200 million awarded to them in 2015 to continue running current product, and also introduce the 10R80, 10R80 diesel, and future 10R100.

Products:

Ford 4100 transmission

Ford 5R110W transmission

Ford 4R70W transmission

Ford 5R55S transmission

Ford FN transmission

Ford C6 transmission, preceded E4OD

E4OD

Ford CD4E transmission gears, case, assembly at Batavia.  Stampings Sharonville.

Ford 10R80 and 10R140 transmissions

Ford CD4E transmission
The CD4E is a 4-speed automatic transaxle for front-wheel-drive cars from 1994 to 2007. It was manufactured at Ford's Batavia Transmission plant starting in 1994. The CD4E was called the LA4A-EL by Mazda and is also known as the 4F44E internally to Ford.

Applications:

1994–2002 Mazda 626 4-cylinder

1994–1997 Mazda MX-6 4-cylinder

1994–1997 Ford Probe 4-cylinder

1995–2000 Ford Contour

1995–2000 Mercury Mystique

1995–2007 Ford Mondeo (up to Mondeo III 4-cylinder model)

1999–2002 Mercury Cougar

2001–2008 Ford Escape

2001–2006 Mazda Tribute

2005–2008 Mercury Mariner
2020 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award
The BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2020 took place on 20 December 2020 at the dock10 studios in Salford.

The event was broadcast live on BBC One and hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding, Gabby Logan and Alex Scott.

Clare Balding
Clare Victoria Balding (born 29 January 1971) is an English broadcast journalist and author. She currently presents programmes for BBC Sport and Channel 4, and previously for BT Sport. She also formerly presented Good Morning Sunday on BBC Radio 2. Balding was appointed as the 30th president of the Rugby Football League, serving a two-year term until December 2022.
Mering–Weilheim railway
The Mering–Weilheim railway (German: Ammerseebahn) is a 54 km long single-tracked main line in the provinces of Swabia and Upper Bavaria in southern Germany. It runs from Mering near Augsburg via Geltendorf to Weilheim and is listed by the Deutsche Bahn as Kursbuchstrecke 985.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Bhungane II
Bhungane II kaNtsele, Bhungan'omakhulukhulu (birth name Mlotsha) was the king of AmaHlubi tribe from 1760 until his death in 1800. He was the father of King Mthimkhulu II also known as Ngwadlazibomvu or Jobe. He was also the grandfather to the famous King Langalibalele I. King Bhungane II was perceived as to be a gifted medicine-man (herbalist) and a rainmaking which is believed to be passed on from father to son in the Hlubi kingship.

Hlubi people
The Hlubi people or AmaHlubi are an  Embo ethnic group native to Southern Africa, with the majority of population found in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
2015 Birthday Honours
The 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours were awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 2015 in New Zealand, on 8 June in Australia, and on 12 June in the United Kingdom, in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc., and then by divisions, i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.