hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2023)
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon during 2023.

The Anglophone Crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in the Republic of Cameroon in Central Africa, where historically English-speaking Ambazonian separatists are seeking the independence of the former British trust territory of Southern Cameroons, which was unified with Cameroon since 1961.

Cameroonian English
Cameroonian English (CamE), also known as Cameroon English, or sometimes Cameroon Anglophone English or Ambazonian English, is an English dialect spoken predominantly in Cameroon. It shares some similarities with English varieties in neighbouring West Africa, as Cameroon lies at the west of Central Africa; however, its distinctive phonetics, phonology and lexicon, influenced both by French and by indigenous Cameroonian languages, distinguish it as an independent variety. It is primarily spoken in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.

It is a postcolonial variety of English, long in use in the territory (Southern Cameroons, now split into Northwest and Southwest). Over the years, it has developed characteristic features, particularly in lexis but also in phonology and grammar. Those characteristics were once regarded as errors but are now increasingly accepted as distinctive Cameroonian contributions to the English language.
Eugen Hoffers
Carl Eugen Hoffers (1832 Jēkabpils, Courland – 1893 Saint Petersburg) was a Finnish photographer. He was one of the most significant photographers of his era in Finland.

Hoffers founded a photo studio in the center of Helsinki in the early 1860s. He gained fame for his documentary and landscape paintings. Among other things, he described the preparations for Alexander II's visit to Helsinki in 1863, and from 1868 onwards, with the emperor's consent, he used the title of court photographer. In 1873 he moved his photographic studio to St. Petersburg, where he gained great notoriety for his work.

The panorama of the tower of St. Nicholas Church (later Helsinki Cathedral) from 1866, photographed by Hoffers, is the oldest panorama of Helsinki and one of the oldest Helsinki-themed photographs in general.

Several dozen photographs of Hoffers have been preserved in the archives of the Helsinki City Museum.

Courland Governorate
Courland Governorate, also known as the Province of Courland or Governorate of Kurland, and known from 1795 to 1796 as the Viceroyalty of Courland, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire. Its area roughly corresponded to Kurzeme, Zemgale and Sēlija of modern-day Latvia.
VAO
VAO may mean:

Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia

Vertex Arrays Object, an OpenGL feature similar to Vertex Buffer Object (VBO)

Vienna Art Orchestra, a European jazz group

VAO (sports club), a Greek sports club

IATA airport code for Suavanao Airport

Vienna Art Orchestra
The Vienna Art Orchestra was a European jazz group based in Vienna, Austria. Organized at different times as either a big band or as a smaller combo, it was regarded as one of the leading European jazz ensembles and was an official cultural ambassador of the Republic of Austria.
Joe Bridgewater
Joe Bridgewater was an American R&B trumpeter who recorded often with Ray Charles.

In Houston in 1973, he played in the Sonny Franklin Big Band with Tom Archia, Arnett Cobb, Cedric Haywood and his bandmate from the Ray Charles band, Don Wilkerson, with guest appearances by Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson and Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown.

Arnett Cobb
Arnett Cleophus Cobb (August 10, 1918 – March 24, 1989) was an American tenor saxophonist, sometimes known as the "Wild Man of the Tenor Sax" because of his uninhibited stomping style. Cobb wrote the words and music for the jazz standard "Smooth Sailing" (1951), which Ella Fitzgerald recorded for Decca on her album Lullabies of Birdland.
Anne of Armagnac
Anne of Armagnac, Dame d'Albret, Countess of Dreux (1402 – before March 1473) was a French noblewoman and a member of the powerful Gascon Armagnac family which played a prominent role in French politics during the Hundred Years War and were the principal adversaries of the Burgundians throughout the Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War. Anne was the wife of Charles II d'Albret.

House of Burgundy
The House of Burgundy (/ˈbɜːrɡəndi/) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of King Robert II of France. The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 to 1361 and achieved the recognized title of King of Portugal.

The last member of the House was Philip of Rouvres, who succeeded his grandfather in 1349. Philip died childless in 1361 and the duchy reverted to his liege, who two years later created his son the new duke of Burgundy, thus beginning the Younger House of Burgundy.

Notable members of the main line of the House of Burgundy include:

Robert I, Duke of Burgundy

Henry, Count of Portugal, father of the first Portuguese King Afonso Henriques

Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy

Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy

Margaret of Burgundy, the first wife and Queen of Louis X of France

Joan the Lame, the first wife and Queen of Philip VI of France

Philip I, Duke of Burgundy
Gastric lymph nodes
The gastric lymph nodes are lymph nodes (also known as lymph glands) which drain the stomach and consist of two sets, superior and inferior:

The superior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups: 
Upper, on the stem of the artery;
Lower, accompanying the descending branches of the artery along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum;
Paracardial outlying members of the gastric lymph nodes, disposed in a manner comparable to a chain of beads around the neck of the stomach. They receive their afferents from the stomach; their efferents pass to the celiac group of preaortic lymph nodes.

The inferior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ inferiores; right gastroepiploic lymph nodes), four to seven in number, lie between the two layers of the greater omentum along the pyloric half of the greater curvature of the stomach.

Lesser omentum
The lesser omentum (small omentum or gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, and to the first part of the duodenum. The lesser omentum is usually divided into these two connecting parts: the hepatogastric ligament, and the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Venetian Arena
The Venetian Arena (previously known as the Cotai Arena) is an indoor arena located on the premises of The Venetian Macao, on the Cotai Strip, in Macau, China. It opened in 2007 and has a seating capacity of 14,000. The facility was known as Venetian Arena from 2007 to 2010, and was renamed the Cotai Arena from 2010 until 2024, when it reverted back to its original name. It hosts sporting events such as basketball, tennis and boxing, as well as concerts and internationally-televised awards shows.

Super Show 7
Super Show 7 was the third world concert tour and seventh tour overall by South Korean boy band Super Junior, in support of their eighth studio album,  Play. The world tour commenced with three shows in Seoul from December 15 to 17, 2017 and hit a total of 120 concerts for its Super Show series.

This tour marks the return of members Siwon, Eunhyuk and Donghae, who had been away serving two years of mandatory military service. Ryeowook joined the tour in November 2018 following his military discharge.
Seiko Fujita
Seiko Fujita (藤田 西湖, 10 February 1898 – 4 January 1966) was a prominent and highly respected member of Japan's martial arts community. An authority on Kobudō, the classical martial arts of Japan & the Ryukyu Islands, Fujita inherited Wada-ha Kōga-ryū Ninjutsu from his grandfather. Academically, he graduated from Nihon University in the department of Religious Studies. From 1922 onwards, Fujita was called upon to lecture at military academies across the country and was program director for ninjutsu studies at the Imperial Army Intelligence Academy (Nakano School / 陸軍中野学校). He compiled a library, the largest of its kind in private hands (now bequeathed to the Odawara City Library), and authored numerous books & instructional manuals.

Nihon University
Nihon University (日本大学, Nihon Daigaku; lit. 'Japan University'), abbreviated as Nichidai (日大), is a private research university in Japan. Its predecessor, Nihon Law School (currently the Department of Law), was founded by Yamada Akiyoshi, the Minister of Justice, in 1889. The university's name is derived from the Japanese word "Nihon" meaning Japan. Nihon University now has 16 colleges and 87 departments, 20 postgraduate schools, one junior college which is composed of five departments, one correspondence division, 32 research institutes and three hospitals. The number of students exceeds 70,000 and is the largest in Japan.
Muniswamy Rajgopal
Muniswamy Rajgopal (24 March 1926 – 3 March 2004) was an Indian field hockey player. He was a member of the India national team that won gold medal at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. He was from his home State of Mysore (now Karnataka) to win an Olympic medal.

Rajgopal was a versatile player and played as a wing forward or inside-right on either wings. He was nicknamed 'the artful dodger' for his stickwork. Rajgopal's contributions to hockey was recognized with Karnataka's Rajyotsava Award in 2000.

Mysore State
Mysore State, colloquially Old Mysore, was a political territory within the Dominion of India and the subsequent Republic of India from 1947 until 1956. The state was formed by renaming the Kingdom of Mysore, and Bangalore replaced Mysore as the state's capital when Parliament passed the States Reorganisation Act in 1956. Mysore State was considerably enlarged when it became a linguistically homogeneous Kannada-speaking state within the Republic of India by incorporating territories from Andhra, Bombay, Coorg, Hyderabad, and Madras States, as well as other petty fiefdoms. It was subsequently renamed Karnataka in 1973.
Behind Enemy Lines (2001 film)
Behind Enemy Lines is a 2001 American action war film directed by John Moore in his directorial debut, and starring Owen Wilson and Gene Hackman. The film tells the story of Lieutenant Chris Burnett, an American naval flight officer who is shot down over Bosnia and uncovers genocide during the Bosnian War. Meanwhile, the rear admiral commanding the carrier strike group to which he is assigned is struggling to gain approval to launch a combat search and rescue mission to save Burnett. The plot is loosely based on a 1995 incident involving Scott O'Grady that occurred during the war.

Released on November 30, 2001 by 20th Century Fox, Behind Enemy Lines received generally mixed reviews from critics. It was a box office success, taking in $121.7 million worldwide against a $40 million budget.

The film launched a franchise that includes three sequels, all of them direct-to-video.

Combat search and rescue
Combat search and rescue (CSAR) are search and rescue operations that are carried out during war, within or near combat zones.

A CSAR mission may be carried out by a task force of helicopters, ground-attack aircraft, aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post.  The USAF HC-130, introduced in 1965, has served in the latter two roles.
I'm Jelly Baby
"I'm Jelly Baby" (Korean: 질투 나요 BABY; RR: Jiltunayo BABY, stylized as I'm Jelly BABY) is a song recorded by South Korean girl group AOA Cream, a sub-group from the girl group, AOA. It was released as their debut single by FNC Entertainment and distributed by LOEN Entertainment on February 12, 2016, as a digital single. The lyrics were written by Black Eyed Pilseung and Sam Lewis and the music was composed by Black Eyed Pilseung. To promote the song, AOA Cream performed "I'm Jelly Baby" on several South Korean music programs, including Music Bank, Show! Music Core and Inkigayo. A music video for the single was also released on February 12.

The song was a moderate success peaking at number 26 on the Gaon Digital Chart. It has sold over 168,192 digital downloads.

Music Bank
Music Bank (Korean: 뮤직뱅크) is a South Korean music program which airs every Friday at 17:15 KST on KBS2. As of 2015, the show is also broadcast in more than a hundred countries through KBS World. Episodes are filmed at the KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District. The show also organizes the global live concert Music Bank World Tour.
Vezneciler Hamamı
Vezneciler Hamamı is a historic hamam (bathhouse) located in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the historic area of Istanbul. The hamam was built by Sultan Bayezid II in 1481. It is located slightly north of the larger Bayezid II Hamam.

The bath was unique for being constructed on the second floor rather than the ground floor, and the bath's waters were thought to be a curative for jaundice. Ottoman writer Evliya Celebi (1611–1682) noted that the bath had two entrances for men and women, although this feature cannot be seen today. The bath was renovated in 1950 and is still in use today. It remains a mixed gender hamam, open to both men and women.

Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.
Syamsul Chaeruddin
Syamsul Bachri Chaeruddin (born 9 February 1983) is an Indonesian former footballer who played as a midfielder for the Indonesia national football team.

Born in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Syamsul played for PSM Makassar in the 2005 AFC Champions League group stage, where he scored one goal.

Syamsul is one of the best defensive midfielders in his country with his aggression and a courageous playing style, despite his small stature. He made his international debut for the national team in the 0–0 drew  in a friendly match against Malaysia on 12 March 2004. At the Asian Cup 2007 he played 3 times: in a 2–1 win against Bahrain (as substitute for Mahyadi Panggabean, who was injured); in a 1–2 loss against Saudi Arabia, and in a 0–1 loss to South Korea, the last game in Group D.

Inter Island Cup
The Indonesian Inter Island Cup (IIC; Indonesian: Piala Antar Pulau) was a national level football tournament held in Indonesia and organized by PSSI as a pre-season tournament during the Indonesia Super League season break. The tournament involved best clubs representing 5 large islands in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua.

The first edition was originally scheduled in 2009 but was cancelled.

The second edition of the tournament was held in August - September 2010. Malang, the home city of Arema Malang (2009–10 ISL champion) and Palembang, the home base of Sriwijaya FC (2010 Piala Indonesia champion) hosted the event.
Gopallawa
Gopallawa (Sinhala: ගොපල්ලව, romanized: Gopallava) is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mahen Gopallawa, Sri Lankan judge of the Court of Appeal

Monty Gopallawa (1941–2005), Sri Lankan politician, cabinet minister and governor

Seelawathie Gopallawa (died 1977), First lady of Sri Lanka

William Gopallawa (1896–1981), The last Governor-General of Ceylon and the first President of Sri Lanka

Seelawathie Gopallawa
Seelawathie Rambukwella Gopallawa (died October 4, 1977) was a Sri Lankan public figure, First Lady of Sri Lanka from 1972 to 1977, and wife of then-President William Gopallawa when she died. Gopallawa served as the country's inaugural first lady following her husband's assumption of the presidency in 1972.
William Kemmey
William Kemmey (21 July 1912 – 18 June 1987) was an English cricketer.  Kemmey was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born at Atcham, Shropshire.

Kemmey made his first-class debut for Northamptonshire against Sussex in the 1939 County Championship.  He made four further first-class appearances that season, the last of which came against Worcestershire. In his five first-class matches, he scored 55 runs at an average of 6.87, with a high score of 18, while behind the stumps he took 4 catches and made 2 stumpings.

He died at Shrewsbury, Shropshire on 18 June 1987.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Wheeler, Washington
Wheeler is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grant County, Washington, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 74.

The CDP is in the eastern part of the county, 5 miles (8 km) east of the center of Moses Lake. A spur of the BNSF Railway runs through Wheeler, serving various industries to the west of the community.

Moses Lake, Washington
Moses Lake is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 26,969 in 2024. Moses Lake is the most populous city in Grant County. The city anchors the Moses Lake Micropolitan area, which includes all of Grant County and is part of the Moses Lake–Othello combined statistical area.

Moses Lake, on which the city lies, is made up of three main arms over 18 miles (29 km) long and up to one mile (1.6 km) wide. It is the largest natural body of fresh water in Grant County and has over 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline covering 6,500 acres (2,600 ha). Before it was dammed in the early 1900s and then incorporated into the Columbia Basin Project, Moses Lake was a smaller shallow lake. To the south of the town is the Potholes Reservoir and the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge that has a number of seep lakes and vast amounts of migratory birds and other fauna natural to the area.
Anthony Calvert
Anthony Calvert (1735–1809) was an English entrepreneur of the eighteenth century particularly noted for his activity as a slave trader. He was a partner of Camden, Calvert and King, one of the most prominent slave trading enterprises in London. They imported tea from China and cotton from India. He also became involved in the transportation of English convicts first to Africa and later to Australia.

The partnership was also involved in South Sea whaling late in the 18th century. The firm had at least six vessels active in the trade in the years between 1782 and 1796. They were also supporters of the West India Dock Company.

Calvert first made several voyages from the early 1760s along slave trade routes before buying and becoming master of the Charlotte in 1766. By 1773 he went into business with Thomas King with whom he took joint command of the Three Good Friends.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Municipal Okrug 7
Municipal Okrug #7 (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг № 7) is a municipal okrug of Vasileostrovsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population: 39,168 (2010 census); 45,696 (2002 census).

It borders Sredny Avenue, 25 Line, Bolshoy Avenue, Detskaya Street, and Kosaya Line in the north and in the west, the Neva River in the south and in east.

The eastern side of the okrug is old. The majority of the tourist sights, such as the Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns, Kunstkamera, Saint Petersburg State University, Imperial Academy of Arts, and the Menshikov Palace are located there.

The central part is mostly financial and is home to the Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange. The western side is mostly industrial and houses the port of Saint Petersburg.

Ports of the Baltic Sea
The table below lists the most recent statistics for over 100 ports of the Baltic Sea, including Kattegat strait, which handle notable freight or passenger traffic.

Container traffic is given in terms of Twenty-foot equivalent units of cargo. For ferries, transport vehicles like heavy trucks are included using their full weight, while passenger cars are not counted as cargo. Containers on trucks on ferries are not counted in containers column here.
Hans Sommer (SS officer)
Hans Sommer (born 26 June 1914, date of death unknown) was a German member of the Sicherheitsdienst during World War II. After the war, he found a working relationship with Gehlen Organisation [V Agent # 2857] and was subsequently a spy for the Stasi, East Germany's secret police.

Gehlen Organization
The Gehlen Organization or Gehlen Org (often referred to as The Org) was an intelligence agency established in June 1946 by U.S. occupation authorities in the United States zone of post-war occupied Germany, and consisted of former members of the 12th Department of the German Army General Staff (Foreign Armies East, or FHO). It was headed by Reinhard Gehlen who had previously been a Wehrmacht Major General and head of the Nazi German military intelligence in the Eastern Front during World War II.

The agency was a precursor to the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND or Federal Intelligence Service) which was formed in 1956.
2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship
The 2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship (also known as 2014–15 PFF–Smart National Club Championship) was the 4th season of the PFF National Men's Club Championship, a Filipino association football competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation.

Ceres were the defending champions, retaining the title for the second time after beating Global, 3-1 on aggregate in a two-leg finals in December 2013.

On 31 January 2015, Loyola Meralco Sparks defeated Global with a scoreline of 2 - 0 to win the title. The cup winners, Loyola Meralco Sparks are guaranteed a place in the 2016 AFC Cup Play-off.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.