hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic
The Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic (Spanish: Gobierno Provisional de la Segunda República Española) was the government that held political power in Spain from the fall of Alfonso XIII of Spain on 14 April 1931 and the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic until the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1931 on 9 December and the formation of the first regular government on 15 December. The King's departure created the need for a provisional government, whose first president was Niceto Alcalá Zamora, who presided until 1936, when Manuel Azaña took over. The new constitution established freedom of speech, freedom of association, extended voting privileges to women, allowed divorce, and stripped the Spanish nobility of their special legal status.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Shanghai Metro AC09 and AC10
The 07A01, 09A02 and the 12A01 (formerly known as AC09 and AC10) are a class of electric multiple unit currently used on Line 7, Line 9 and Line 12 of Shanghai Metro. They were first entered service in November 2008 on Line 9.

In 2014, AC10 renamed 07A01, AC09A renamed 09A02 and AC09B renamed 12A01.

Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 9 is a southwest-northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. The line runs from Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station in Songjiang District to Caolu in Pudong. The line is colored light blue on system maps.
Cira Centre South
Cira Centre South is a complex of two skyscrapers in the University City district of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, directly across the Schuylkill River from Center City, Philadelphia. The complex is between Walnut Street and Chestnut Street south of 30th Street Station and the Old Post Office Building.

The structure consists of two towers, the commercial and residential FMC Tower and the residential Evo Cira Centre South. Evo rises a total of 33 floors and 430 feet. It was jointly developed by Brandywine Realty Trust, Campus Crest Communities, and Harrison Street Real Estate Capital.

Harrison Street Asset Management
Harrison Street Asset Management, which uses the trade name Harrison Street, is a real estate investment firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The firm is the investment management unit of Colliers International.

In 2024, Harrison Street ranks as one of the top five owners in senior housing in the U.S.
La Sebala Airfield
La Sebala Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia, located about 1 km north of Cebalat; 15 km north-northwest of Tunis.

It was first used as an airfield and landing ground by the Luftwaffe in 1942 and 1943. Jagdgeschwader 53 was based there from November 1942 to April 1943.

It was a temporary airfield constructed by Army Engineers using compacted earth for its runway, parking and dispersal areas, not designed for heavy aircraft or for long-term use.

The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 52d Fighter Group between 21 May and 30 July 1943, flying combat operations with P-40 Warhawks over Sicily and Italy, as well as taking part in the Pantelleria reduction.

After the 52d moved to Boccadifalco on Sicily, the airfield was closed and dismantled. Today, there are traces of the airfield on the landscape visible from aerial photography, but no buildings or physical features.

Pantelleria
Pantelleria (Italian: [pantelleˈriːa]; Sicilian: Pantiḍḍirìa [pandɪɖɖɪˈɾiːa]), known in ancient times as Cossyra or Cossura, is an Italian island and comune in the Strait of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea, 106 kilometres (55 nautical miles) southwest of Sicily and 68 km (35 nmi) east of the Tunisian coast. On clear days Tunisia is visible from the island. Administratively Pantelleria's comune belongs to the Sicilian province of Trapani.

According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics, the population of Pantelleria was 7,335 in 2022.
Ghetto Classics
Ghetto Classics is the third studio album by American R&B singer Jaheim. It was released by Warner Bros. Records on February 13, 2006 in the United States, and the following day in the United Kingdom on February 14. As with his previous albums, production and songwriting duties were handled by former Naughty by Nature DJ KayGee as well as Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Darren Lighty, Eddie F, Bink, Scott Storch, Balewa Muhammad, Wesley Hogges, Eric Williams, and The Co-Stars.

It debuted at number one on both the US Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 153,000 copies in its first week of release. Ghetto Classics spawned the moderate hit "Everytime I Think about Her", featuring Jadakiss. Although the album stayed on the album charts for only thirteen weeks, it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on March 21, 2006.

Naughty by Nature
Naughty by Nature is an American hip hop group formed in East Orange, New Jersey in 1986, consisting of Treach (born Anthony S. Criss, December 2, 1970), Vin Rock (born Vincent E. Brown, September 17, 1970), and DJ Kay Gee (born Keir Lamont Gist, September 15, 1969).

In 2025, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included the band in his list of "20 underrated bands from the 1990s who are worth rediscovering".
KXLT-FM
KXLT-FM (107.9 MHz, "107.9 Lite FM") is a commercial radio station licensed to Eagle, Idaho, and serving the Boise metropolitan area.  The station is owned by Townsquare Media with the license assigned to Townsquare License, LLC. It airs an adult contemporary radio format, switching to all Christmas music for much of November and December.

KXLT-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 45,000 watts.  The tower is 818 meters (2684 feet) in height above average terrain (HAAT), giving it excellent coverage over much of Western Idaho, as well as part of Oregon.  The transmitter is off Shafer Butte Road in Horseshoe Bend, Idaho, among the towers for other Boise-area FM and TV stations.

Horseshoe Bend, Idaho
Horseshoe Bend is the largest city in rural Boise County, in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. Its population of 715 at the 2020 census was the largest in the county.

It is part of the Boise City–Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is named for its location at the horseshoe-shaped U-turn of the Payette River, whose flow direction changes from south to north before heading west to the Black Canyon Reservoir.
Sodium ricinoleate
Sodium ricinoleate  is the sodium salt of ricinoleic acid, the principal fatty acid derived from castor oil. It is used in making soap, where its molecular structure causes it to lather more easily than comparable sodium soaps derived from fatty acids. It is a bactericide. It exhibits several polymorphic structural phases.

As a surfactant, sodium ricinoleate is an irritant to human skin and mucous membranes, causing hypersensitivity responses. These are due to castor bean constituents, which can be removed in order to prepare it as a food-grade ingredient.

Sodium ricinoleate was a constituent in toothpaste and was the 'SR' of Gibbs SR toothpaste, the first product to be advertised on British TV (in 1955).

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Durban City F.C. (2024)
Durban City is a South African football club based in the city of Durban. They were previously called Maritzburg United, and were based in the city of Pietermaritzburg. They were promoted to the Premiership at the end of the 2024–25 National First Division season.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Rekuhkara
Rekuhkara (from Sakhalin Ainu rekuh レクㇷ 'throat'; rekut レクㇳ or レクッ in Hokkaidō Ainu) is a style of singing, similar to Inuit throat singing, that was practised by the Ainu until 1976 when the last practitioner died.  The Sakhalin spelling rekuxkara or the Japanese spelling rekukkara (レクッカラ in Katakana) can also be encountered.

The Ainu method involved two women facing each other, with one forming a tube with her hands and chanting into the oral cavity of her partner. The technique is essentially one where the "giver" provides the voice and the "receiver", holding her glottis closed, uses her vocal tract to modulate the sound stream.

Attempts have been made to recreate the sound of this practice.

Vocal tract
The vocal tract or speech apparatus is the cavity in mammals and in birds where the sound produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in birds) is filtered.

In mammals, it consists of the laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. In birds, it consists of the trachea, the syrinx, the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus, and the beak.

The estimated average length of the vocal tract in men is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in women.
Jasmin Gassmann
Jasmin Gassmann formerly known as Jasmin Lord (born as Jasmin Gaßmann; 6 November 1989) is a German actress and film director of Colombian descent. She is well known for playing Rebecca von Lahnstein in German soap opera Verbotene Liebe. She will play Ximena in upcoming Croatian film about Ante Gotovina The General, together with Goran Višnjić and Armand Assante.

Ante Gotovina
Ante Gotovina (born 12 October 1955) is a Croatian retired lieutenant general and former French senior corporal who served in the Croatian War for Independence. He is noted for his primary role in the 1995 Operation Storm. In 2001, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) indicted him on war crimes and crimes against humanity charges in connection with that operation and its aftermath. After spending four years in hiding, he was captured in the Canary Islands in December 2005.

On 15 April 2011, Gotovina was found guilty on 8 of the 9 counts of the indictment and sentenced to 24 years of imprisonment. On 16 November 2012, Gotovina's convictions were overturned by an appeals panel at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and he was released from custody.
The Art of Chris Farlowe
The Art of Chris Farlowe is the third 1966 album by British singer Chris Farlowe, featuring his band the Thunderbirds, but only credited to him.

Andrew Loog Oldham produced the recording sessions with Mick Jagger. The album includes four songs composed by Jagger along with Keith Richards. The album was reissued in 1992, featuring 11 bonus tracks.

Jerry Butler
Jerry Butler Jr. (December 8, 1939 – February 20, 2025) was an American soul singer-songwriter, producer, musician, and politician. He was the original lead singer of the R&B vocal group the Impressions, who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. After leaving the group in 1960, Butler achieved over 55 Billboard Pop and R&B Chart hits as a solo artist including "He Will Break Your Heart," "Let It Be Me," and "Only the Strong Survive." He was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015.

Butler served as a Commissioner for Cook County, Illinois, from 1985 to 2018. As a member of the 17-member county government board, he chaired the Health and Hospitals Committee and served as Vice Chair of the Construction Committee.
Statues (Hüsker Dü song)
"Statues" is a song by Hüsker Dü released as a single in 1981.  It was the band's first single, b/w the song "Amusement". This release finds the band in a period where its music was drifting from punk to post-punk. Forty years after its release, Briony Edwards of Louder wrote, "Though it shows an interest in experimentation that would follow the band through each stage of their career, the ... Krautrock inspired, Keith Levene-esque guitar is far removed from the boisterous hardcore that followed in its wake." The single's pressing was limited to 2,000 copies. The two tracks appear on the Everything Falls Apart and More CD.

In 2013, the Numero Group reissued the single with the studio outtakes "Writer's Cramp" and "Let's Go Die" as a 7-inch pairing in a gatefold jacket. The studio recordings are remastered from a first-generation sub-master, while "Amusement" is from the original live board tape.

The Numero Group
The Numero Group is an archival record label that creates compilations of previously released music, reissues original albums, and creates album reconstructions from a variety of musical genres. The label, known as Numero, was founded in 2003 by Rob Sevier, Ken Shipley (a former A&R manager for the equally eclectic Rykodisc label), and Tom Lunt. The label's focus since founding has been to research and preserve obscure recorded material and ephemera by artists and entrepreneurs who found little commercial success upon their material's initial release.

In 2013, Numero became part of a partnership with Secretly Label Group.
Anson Rabinbach
Anson Gilbert Rabinbach (June 2, 1945 – February 2, 2025) was an American historian of modern Europe and the Philip and Beulah Rollins Professor of History at Princeton University. He is best known for his writings on labor, Nazi Germany, Austromarxism, and European thought in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In 1973 he co-founded the journal New German Critique, which he continued to co-edit.

Reinhart Koselleck
Reinhart Koselleck (23 April 1923 – 4 February 2006) was a German historian. He is widely considered to be one of the most important historians of the 20th century. He occupied a distinctive position within history, working outside of any pre-established 'school', while making pioneering contributions to conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte), the epistemology of history, linguistics, the foundations of anthropology of history and social history, and the history of law and government.
1964–65 Liga Leumit
The 1964–65 Liga Leumit season saw Hakoah Ramat Gan crowned champions for the first time in their history, beating Hapoel Petah Tikva to the title on goal difference. Israel Ashkenazi (Maccabi Jaffa) and Zaki Mizrahi (Bnei Yehuda) were the joint top scorers with 18 goals each.

Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Tiberias were relegated to Liga Alef.

Maccabi Jaffa F.C.
Maccabi Kavilio Jaffa Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל מכבי קביליו יפו) is an Israeli football club from Jaffa, Tel Aviv. Founded in 2007 as a phoenix football club by fans of Maccabi Jaffa F.C., which was dissolved in 2000 and all previous attempts in the intervening years to revive it were unsuccessful.

The team played for 32 seasons in the Israeli Top Division, though its only title was The Israeli Toto Cup for the Second Division. Maccabi Jaffa finished three times at the second place in the Israeli First Division (in the seasons of 1962, 1964 and 1977). In 1957, Maccabi Jaffa played at the final of the Israeli State Cup, but lost to Hapoel Petah Tikva.

The club disbanded in 2000. In 2007, the club refounded as Maccabi Kabilio Jaffa was founded by their fans after 7 years of other unsuccessful attempts to revive the club.
Stanisława Przybyszewska
Stanisława Przybyszewska (Polish pronunciation: [staɲiˈswava pʂɨbɨˈʂɛfska]; 1 October 1901 – 15 August 1935) was a Polish dramatist who is mostly known for her plays about the French Revolution. Her 1929 play The Danton Case, which examines the conflict between Maximilien Robespierre and Georges Danton, is considered to be one of the most exemplary works about the Revolution, and was adapted (albeit with significant ideological edits) by Polish filmmaker Andrzej Wajda for his 1983 film Danton.

Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of A Generation (1955), Kanał (1957) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).

He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers, whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.

Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975), The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981) and Katyń (2007).
Florencia 13
The Florencia 13, also known as South Side Florencia 13, Florence Gang, F13 is an American criminal street gang based in Los Angeles, California, composed mainly of Mexican Americans. The gang is named after the Florence area of Los Angeles County, controlled by the Mexican Mafia. They are involved in drug-smuggling, murder, assault, and robbery.

Florence-Graham, California
Florence-Graham (also known as Florence-Firestone) is a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 61,983 at the 2020 census, down from 63,387 at the 2010 census. The census area includes the communities of Florence, Firestone Park, and Graham. It is located in the south central region of Los Angeles County. The neighboring communities are Central-Alameda, Florence, Green Meadows, Lynwood, Vernon, Walnut Park, Watts, and Compton.
Eucalyptus incerata
Eucalyptus incerata, commonly known as Mount Day mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to southern Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds with a long, horn-shaped operculum and arranged in groups of seven, yellow flowers and barrel-shaped to cup-shaped fruit.

Operculum (botany)
In botany, an operculum (pl.: opercula) or calyptra (from Ancient Greek  καλύπτρα (kalúptra) 'veil') is a cap-like structure in some flowering plants, mosses, and fungi. It is a covering, hood or lid, describing a feature in plant morphology.
Vipul D. Shah
Vipul D. Shah is an Indian television producer and writer known for fictional and fantasy shows like Baalveer, Ladies Special and Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal? and reality TV shows like Comedy Circus, Comedy Nights Bachao, Rising Star and Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment. He is also the founding chairman and managing director at Optimystix Entertainment.

Shah has received several recognitions for his work, like the Indian Television Academy Awards (ITA) under the best director category in 2009.

Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal?
Kya Haal, Mr. Paanchal? (also known as Five Wives of Mr. Paanchal) is an Indian Hindi television sitcom that aired on Star Bharat. The story is about a mother Kunti Devi who demands a perfect daughter-in-law with five qualities, from Shiv Ji for her son Kanhaiya. However, as a result of a strange twist she ends up with five daughters-in-laws with one quality each. It also airs in Pakistan and Nepal as Mr. Kanhaiya Paanchal ki Paanch Patniya.
Cocos–Nazca spreading centre
The Cocos–Nazca spreading centre (CNSC, Cocos–Nazca spreading system) is the divergent boundary between the Cocos and Nazca plates. It extends from close to the East Pacific Rise northwest of the Galápagos Islands, to the southeastern end of the Middle America Trench offshore Panama. The western part of this boundary is formed by the west–east Galápagos spreading centre, with the eastern part formed of two short spreading segments and three large transform segments, including the Panama fracture zone.

Middle America Trench
The Middle America Trench is a major subduction zone, an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Middle America, stretching from central Mexico to Costa Rica.  The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750 km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point.
The trench is the boundary between the Rivera, Cocos, and Nazca plates on one side and the North American and Caribbean plates on the other. It is the 18th-deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench.
Graeme Armstrong (author)
Graeme Armstrong (born 1991) is a Scottish author best known for his debut novel, The Young Team. The novel won the Betty Trask Award,  Somerset Maugham Award, and was named 'Scots Book of the Year' in 2021. The Young Team is currently being adapted for television by Synchronicity Films and has been commissioned as a BBC drama production as of March, 2025. Armstrong has been announced as screenwriter and executive producer.

In 2023, Granta included Armstrong on their 'Best of Young British Novelists' list, an honour presented every decade to the twenty most significant British novelists under forty years old.

Armstrong's second novel, Raveheart, will be published by 4th Estate (imprint) at HarperCollins in June 2026. It is being adapted for screen by Warp Films, (This Is England, Dead Man's Shoes and Adolescence) and is a dystopian rave comedy.

Betty Trask Prize and Awards
The Betty Trask Prize and Awards are for first novels written by authors under the age of 35 who reside in a current or former Commonwealth nation. Each year the awards total at least £20,000, with normally one author receiving a larger prize amount (£10,000 in very recent years), called the "Prize", and the remainder given to the other nominees, called the "Awards". These were established in 1984 by the Society of Authors at the bequest of the late Betty Trask, a reclusive author of over thirty romance novels. They're given to traditional or romantic novels, rather than those of an experimental style, and either published or unpublished works.
Tim Dodd
Timothy Justin Dodd (born February 27, 1985), also known as Everyday Astronaut, is an American science communicator, YouTube content creator, photographer, and musician. After becoming popular with his space-themed photo series, Dodd was hired by the website Spaceflight Now to photograph SpaceX's CRS-3 cargo mission to the International Space Station on April 18, 2014, NASA's Orion Test Flight EFT-1 on December 5, 2014, the United States Air Force's GPS 2F-9 launch, and NASA's OA-6 Mission on March 23, 2016.

USA-260
USA-260, also known as GPS IIF-9, GPS SVN-71 and NAVSTAR 73, is an American Satellite navigation which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the ninth of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.