hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donald Brace
Donald Clifford Brace (December 27, 1881, West Winfield, New York – September 20, 1955) was an American publisher and founder of the publishing company Harcourt, Brace & Howe in 1919.

Brace graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1904 with fellow grad Alfred Harcourt, with whom he worked for Henry Holt and Company before founding Harcourt, Brace & Howe, along with editor Will David Howe. After Howe left the company in 1921, the partners changed the name to Harcourt, Brace & Company. They published the works of a number of writers who became internationally renowned, including Walter Lippmann, Sinclair Lewis, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, James Thurber, George Orwell, Valentine Davies and Robert Penn Warren. Firms acquired by Harcourt, Brace include Brewer, Warren and Putnam; and Reynal & Hitchcock.

Robert Penn Warren
Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, literary critic and professor at Yale University.  He was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1958 and 1979. He is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry. Yale awarded Warren an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 1973.
Sloane (given name)
Sloane or Sloan is a given name, a transferred use of the Irish surname O Sluaghadhán, meaning "descendant of Sluaghadhán". Sluaghadhán is an Irish diminutive form of the Irish name Sluaghadh, which means expedition or raid. The name has associations with the Sloane Rangers, a British subculture referring to the tastes and preferences of the stereotypical British upper middle class woman who lived at Sloane Square in West London.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
Picrella
Picrella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae.

Its native range is New Caledonia.

Species:

Picrella glandulosa T.G.Hartley

Picrella ignambiensis (Guillaumin) T.G.Hartley & Mabb.

Picrella trifoliata Baill.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Muconic acid
Muconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.  There are three isomeric forms designated trans,trans-muconic acid, cis,trans-muconic acid, and cis,cis-muconic acid which differ by the geometry around the double bonds.  Its name is derived from mucic acid.

trans,trans-Muconic acid is a metabolite of benzene in humans.  The determination of its concentration in urine is therefore used as a biomarker of occupational or environmental exposure to benzene.  Synthetically, trans,trans-muconic acid can be prepared from adipic acid.

cis,cis-Muconic acid is produced by some bacteria by the enzymatic degradation of various aromatic chemical compounds.

The bioproduction of muconic acid is of interest because of its potential use as a platform chemical for the production of several valuable consumer bioplastics including nylon-6,6, polyurethane, and polyethylene terephthalate.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
Republic of Massa
The Republic of Massa (Italian: Repubblica di Massa) was a small Italian state located in Central Italy that existed from 1225 to 1336. It was founded in today's city of Massa Marittima and expanded to cover an area corresponding to the current upper Maremma.

It represented a commercial power of regional level, through its thriving mining district, thanks to the copper, alum and silver deposits in which its territory was rich.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Skórkowice
Skórkowice [skurkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarnów, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Żarnów, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Opoczno, and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Opoczno
Opoczno ([ɔˈpɔt͡ʂnɔ] ⓘ) is a town in south-central Poland, seat of Opoczno County in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages, Opoczno is a former royal town of Poland, which used to be one of the most important urban centers of northwestern Lesser Poland. It prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. Currently, Opoczno is an important road and rail junction; its patron saint is Saint Cecilia, and the town is famous across Poland for its folklore and ceramics manufacturing.
HMS Heroine
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Heroine:

HMS Heroine (1783) was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1783. She was converted into a floating battery in 1803 and was sold in 1806. Because Heroine served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 8 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

HMS Heroine was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1758 as the 36-gun HMS Venus. She was reduced in 32 guns in 1792 and renamed HMS Heroine in 1809. She was used for harbour service from 1817 and was sold in 1828.

HMS Heroine (1841) was an 8-gun packet brig launched in 1841. She was used for harbour service from 1865 and broken up in 1878.

HMS Heroine (1881) was a Satellite-class composite screw corvette launched in 1881 and sold in 1902.

Naval General Service Medal (1847)
The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, and issued to officers and men of the Royal Navy in 1849. The final date for submitting claims was 1 May 1851. Admiral Thomas Bladen Capel was one of the members of the board that authorised the medal.

The NGSM was awarded retrospectively for various naval actions during the period 1793–1840, a period that included the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the Anglo-American War of 1812. Each battle or campaign covered by the medal was represented by a clasp on the ribbon. The medal was never issued without a clasp, 231 of which were sanctioned. The clasps covered a variety of actions, from boat service, ship to ship skirmishes, to major fleet actions such as the Battle of Trafalgar.

This medal and its army counterpart, the Military General Service Medal, were amongst the first real British campaign medals, issued to all ranks for serving in combat actions.
Mearns Castle
Mearns Castle is a 15th-century tower house in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, south of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a Category A listed building. The castle has been restored and is now part of the Maxwell Mearns Castle Church. It also gives its name to nearby Mearns Castle High School.

East Renfrewshire
East Renfrewshire (Scots: Aest Renfrewshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed in 1996, as a successor to the Eastwood district of the Strathclyde region.

Clockwise, East Renfrewshire borders Glasgow to the northeast, South Lanarkshire to the southeast, East Ayrshire to the southwest, North Ayrshire to the west and Renfrewshire to the northwest. Many of the council area's northern settlements fall into the Greater Glasgow urban area.

Until 1975, the council area formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde. These three council areas together still form a single lieutenancy area called Renfrewshire.
2013 BWF World Junior Championships – Boys singles
The Boys Singles tournament of the 2013 BWF World Junior Championships was held from October 29 until November 3. Last year champion, Kento Momota couldn't defend his title due to the age eligibility.

South Korean Heo Kwang-hee won the gold medal after beating Wang Tzu-wei from Chinese Taipei 21–11, 21–12 in the final. It was first boys single gold medal for South Korea after 7 years.

Kento Momota
Kento Momota (桃田 賢斗, Momota Kento; born 1 September 1994) is a former Japanese badminton player. He has won several major badminton tournaments including two BWF World Championships, two Badminton Asia Championships, and one All England title. Momota received a Guinness World Records certificate for "The most badminton men's singles titles in a season", for winning 11 titles in the 2019 season.

Known for his unpredictable and explosive playing style, he became the first ever Japanese men's singles player to achieve a BWF ranking of No.1 in 2018, holding this distinction for 121 weeks and subsequently being awarded the BWF's best male player of the year award. He is considered to be one of the greats of men's singles badminton.
Jorge Alberto Garramuño
Jorge Alberto Garramuño (14 September 1953 – 7 September 2015) was an Argentine politician who was a Senator for the Fueguian People's Movement between 2013 and 2015. He began his political career as Minister of Public Works of Tierra del Fuego in 1992. He died on 7 September 2015 in Buenos Aires.

Fuegian People's Movement
The Fuegian People's Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Popular Fueguino; MOPOF) is a provincial political party in the Tierra del Fuego Province of Argentina. It was formed in 1985, becoming the first provincial political party in Tierra del Fuego; for most of its history, it was one of the main political parties in the province.
Mark Golding
Mark Jefferson Golding (born 19 July 1965) is a Jamaican politician, who has been Leader of the Opposition of Jamaica and President of the People's National Party (PNP) since 2020.

Previously an attorney-at-law and investment banker, Golding was a member of the Senate of Jamaica from 2007 to 2017 and served as Minister of Justice from 2012 to 2016 in the government of Portia Simpson-Miller. He was elected as Member of Parliament for South St Andrew in a by-election in 2017.

On 7 November 2020, Mark Golding was elected as the 6th president of the PNP after polling 1,740 delegate votes to defeat Lisa Hanna who polled 1,440 in an election that saw 96% voter turnout amongst delegates in the 2020 People's National Party leadership election.

Parliament of Jamaica
17°58′26″N 76°47′26″W﻿ / ﻿17.9740°N 76.7906°W﻿ / 17.9740; -76.7906

The Parliament of Jamaica (Jamaican Patois: Paaliment a Jumieka) is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. Officially, they are known as the Houses of Parliament. It consists of three elements: The Crown (represented by the Governor-General), the appointed Senate and the directly elected House of Representatives.

The Senate, the Upper House, is the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council" and comprises 21 senators appointed by the Governor-General: thirteen on the advice of the Prime Minister and eight on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.

The House of Representatives, the Lower House, is made up of 63 (previously 60) Members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.
The Age of Innocence (TV series)
The Age of Innocence is an upcoming period drama miniseries for Netflix, adapted by Emma Frost from Edith Wharton's 1920 novel. The cast is led by Kristine Froseth, Ben Radcliffe, Camila Morrone, and Margo Martindale.

Fiona Glascott
Fiona Glascott (born 22 November 1982) is an Irish actress. She is best known for playing the young Minerva McGonagall in the Fantastic Beasts franchise, which is a spin-off prequel of the Harry Potter film series.
Lien Yu-hui
Lien Yu-hui (Chinese: 連玉輝, born 19 June 1970) is a Taiwanese former professional tennis player.

Debuting in 1988, Lien's Davis Cup career spanned 10 years and he competed in a total of 19 ties, winning 20 rubbers overall. With victories in nine doubles rubbers, he is Chinese Taipei's most successful ever Davis Cup doubles player.

Lien played on the professional tour in the 1990s and reached a career high singles ranking of 527. He featured in his only ATP Tour main draw in 1992, at his home tournament in Taipei, falling in the first round to Brett Steven.

In 1996 he represented Chinese Taipei at the Atlanta Olympics, as partner of Chen Chih-jung in the doubles draw. They were beaten in the first round by Ivorian brothers Claude and Clement N'Goran.

Pacific Cup International
The Pacific Cup International was a men's indoor carpet court tennis tournament founded in 1977 as the Taipei Summit Open. It was first part of the ITF Grand Prix Circuit. In 1978 its name was changed to the Taipei Championships until 1980 when it was rebranded as the Taipei International Championships until 1984 when it was discontinued. In 1992 the event resumed for one final season and was part of the ATP World Series of tournaments of the ATP Tour.
Pascual Pistarini
Pascual Pistarini (6 October 1915 – 2 October 1999) was an Argentine equestrian, military general and one of the ringleaders in the coup d'etat that initiated the self-styled "Argentine Revolution" (Spanish: Revolución Argentina), a military dictatorship that ruled Argentina between 1966 and 1973, before the (brief) return of democracy to the country.

He competed in two events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Argentine Revolution
The Argentine Revolution (Spanish: Revolución Argentina) is the self-styled name of the civil-military dictatorship that overthrew the constitutional president Arturo Illia through a coup d'état on June 28, 1966, and ruled the country until May 25, 1973. The dictatorship did not present itself as a "provisional government" (as all the previous coups had done in Argentina), but rather sought to establish itself as a new permanent dictatorial system later associated with the concept of the bureaucratic-authoritarian State.
Rtina
Rtina is a village in northern Dalmatia, Croatia. The population is 452 (census 2011).
Rtina belongs to Zadar County, and is located about 13 km from the Motorway No. 1, Zagreb – Split.

Rtina lies on a small promontory whose northeastern side is located opposite to the Mountain of Velebit, separated from it with the southern part of the Velebit Channel (Croatian: Velebitski kanal). It is connected by the Pag Bridge with the island of Pag at its northwestern tip. It lies about 5 km northwest from Ražanac, and about 2 km north of templar fortification Ljuba, or Liuba (now Ljubljana).

Rtina Miočići is located on a large point about 43 m high above sea level. That point represents the northernmost part of the Dalmatian coast.

Pag (island)
Pag (pronounced [pâːɡ]) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea. It is the fifth-largest island of the Croatian coast and the one with the longest coastline.

In the 2011 census, the population of the island was 9,059. There are two towns on the island, Pag and Novalja, as well as many smaller villages and tourist places. Pag is the only Croatian island that is administratively divided between two counties. Its northern part belongs to Lika-Senj County, while the central and southern parts belong to Zadar County.
Ahmed Al-Mukhtar
Ahmed Almukhtar (Arabic: أحمد المختار; born February 19, 1993) is a Saudi Arabian professional basketball player.  He currently plays for Uhud Medina of the Saudi Premier League.

He represented Saudi Arabia's national basketball team at the 2017 Arab Nations Basketball Championship in Egypt. There, he was his team's best 3 point shooter.

Saudi Arabia men's national basketball team
The Saudi Arabia national basketball team is the national basketball team representing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is administered by the Saudi Arabian Basketball Federation. (Arabic: اتحاد المملكة العربية السعودية لكرة السلة)

Its biggest success has been the Bronze medal at the 1999 Asian Championship. The team last qualified for the 2025 FIBA Asia Cup as host.
Xyris serotina
Xyris serotina, the acidswamp yelloweyed grass, is a North American species of flowering plants in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It grows on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States from eastern Louisiana to the Carolinas.

Xyris serotina  is a perennial herb with a stem up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall with long, narrow leaves up to 20 cm (8 inches) long.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
NGC 2859
NGC 2859 is a barred lenticular galaxy located some 83 million light years away in the constellation Leo Minor. The morphological classification is (R)SB(r)0+, where the S0+ notation indicates a well-defined physical structure that is lacking in visible spiral arms. It has a strong bar (B) of the "ansae" type, which means it grows brighter or wider toward the tips. A faint, secondary bar is positioned at nearly a right angle to the main bar. These features are surrounded by a weak inner ring (r) that appears diffuse. The outer region of the galaxy hosts a prominent, detached ring (R) that includes a series of blue-hued knots along the eastern side.

The central supermassive black hole is an estimated 105 million times the mass of the Sun. The nucleus is tentatively classified as a transition type T2:, with no indication of activity.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Cool Kids (album)
Cool Kids is the second studio album by American hard rock band Kix. Released in 1983 on Atlantic Records, it is the only Kix album to feature Brad Divens of Wrathchild America and Souls at Zero on guitar.

Souls at Zero (band)
Souls at Zero was an American heavy metal band. They were originally known as Wrathchild America. The name change occurred after Wrathchild America was dropped from Atlantic Records in 1992, and was accompanied by a slight change in musical style, adopting a mixture between alternative metal and groove metal (similar to those of Pantera and Helmet) while also retaining some of the thrash metal roots of Wrathchild America. Souls at Zero released three albums on Energy Records before disbanding in the mid-1990s.
The Engine Room
The Engine Room is an Australian jazz trio made up of Roger Frampton, John Pochee and Steve Elphick who were the rhythm section of Ten Part Invention. Their album Full Steam Ahead was nominated for the 1996 ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album.

ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album
The ARIA Music Award for Best Jazz Album is an award presented within the Fine Arts Awards at the annual ARIA Music Awards.

The award for Best Jazz Album was first presented in 1987, when George Golla Orchestra, received a trophy for their album, Lush Life (1987). Paul Grabowsky has won the award seven times in various guises (leader of the Paul Grabowsky Trio, Paul Grabowsky Sextet, duet with Vince Jones, duet with Katie Noonan, duet with Kate Ceberano and as a member of Wizards Of Oz).
Sør-Gudbrandsdal District Court
Sør-Gudbrandsdal District Court (Norwegian: Sør-Gudbrandsdal tingrett) was a district court in Innlandet county, Norway. The court was based in Lillehammer. The court existed from 1731 until 2021. It served the municipalities of Gausdal, Lillehammer, Øyer, Ringebu and Sør-Fron. Cases from this court could be appealed to Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Eidsivating Court of Appeal
The Eidsivating Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagmannsrett) is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Hamar, with jurisdiction over the Eidsivating judicial district (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagdømme), comprising the counties of Innlandet, Østfold, and most of Akershus (except for Lunner Municipality and Jevnaker Municipality). It can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can, with limitations, be appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is Nina Sollie.  The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.