hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ordered logit
In statistics, the ordered logit model or proportional odds logistic regression is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal dependent variables—first considered by Peter McCullagh.  For example, if one question on a survey is to be answered by a choice among "poor", "fair", "good", "very good" and "excellent", and the purpose of the analysis is to see how well that response can be predicted by the responses to other questions, some of which may be quantitative, then ordered logistic regression may be used.  It can be thought of as an extension of the logistic regression model that applies to dichotomous dependent variables, allowing for more than two (ordered) response categories.

Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and has since had a complex history, being adopted and extended in some disciplines and by some scholars, and criticized or rejected by others. Other classifications include those by Mosteller and Tukey, and by Chrisman.
Shanab
Shanab is a surname. In the Bedawi dialect of Sudanese Arabic the word means moustache.

People with the surname include:

Abdel Fattah Abou-Shanab (born 1935), Egyptian rower

Ismail Abu Shanab (1950–2003), Palestinian engineer and assassinated Hamas politician

Mohammad Abu Shanab (born 1998), Qatari footballer

Nora Shanab (born 1987), Israeli Arab footballer

Ismail Abu Shanab
Ismail Abu Shanab (Arabic: إسماعيل أبو شنب; 1950 – 21 August 2003) was a Palestinian engineer and one of the founders of Hamas. He was one of its three most senior leaders in Gaza. More specifically, he was the second highest leader of Hamas only after Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. He was also the political leader of Hamas, who was strongly against suicide bombings and in favor of a long-term truce.
Rishyap
Rishyap (also spelled Rishop) is a village in the Kalimpong II CD block in the Kalimpong subdivision of the Kalimpong district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Rishyap was developed as a tourist destination in 1998. There are many myths and legends associated with the name Rishyap - Ri stands for mountain peak (some say it is lofty) and shop means age-old trees in Tibetan.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Guerra del Golfo (2013)
Guerra del Golfo (2013) (Spanish for "Gulf War") was a professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on April 18, 2013, in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The annual Guerra del Golfo main event consists of three matches in total, with two "qualifying matches", multi-man steel cage matches where the last person left in the cage advances to the main event of the night. The two losers is forced to wrestle inside the steel cage, with the loser being forced to either take off their wrestling mask or have their hair shaved off under Lucha de Apuesta, or "Bet match" rules.

T-Hawk (wrestler)
Takuya Onodera (小野寺卓也, Onodera Takuya; born April 30, 1990), best known by the ring name T-Hawk (shortened from Tomahawk T.T.), is a Japanese professional wrestler who currently works for Gleat, where he is a former G-Rex Champion. He is best known for competing in Dragon Gate and Oriental Wrestling Entertainment, where, in both, he worked alongside Cima and El Lindaman; all three are now collective in the #StrongHearts stable in Gleat. He is also known for his work with Mexican promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG).
William P. Bryant
William P. Bryant (August 3, 1806 – October 10, 1860) was an American jurist from Kentucky. He served as the first chief justice of the Oregon Supreme Court in the Oregon Territory. United States President James K. Polk appointed Bryant, of Indiana, to the court once the Oregon Territory was established in 1848. In Indiana he served in both houses of the Indiana General Assembly and was a county judge. Bryant also fought in the Black Hawk War against Native Americans.

Indiana General Assembly
The Indiana General Assembly is the state legislature, or legislative branch, of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of a lower house, the Indiana House of Representatives, and an upper house, the Indiana Senate. The General Assembly meets annually at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.

Members of the General Assembly are elected from districts that are realigned every ten years. Representatives serve terms of two years and senators serve terms of four years. Both houses can create bills, but bills must pass both houses before they can be submitted to the governor and enacted into law.

As of 2024, the Republican Party holds supermajorities in both chambers of the General Assembly. Republicans outnumber Democrats in the Senate by a 40–10 margin, and in the House of Representatives by a 70–30 margin.
Charles Herman-Wurmfeld
Charles Herman-Wurmfeld (born July 5, 1966) is an American film and television director. He directed the movies Kissing Jessica Stein and Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde. His sister is producer Eden H. Wurmfeld.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Kavitha Telikepalli
Kavitha Telikepalli (born 1974) is an Indian computer scientist known for her research on graph algorithms and combinatorial optimization, particularly concerning matchings, cycle bases, and graph spanners. She is a professor in the School of Technology & Computer Science at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Cerebral crus
The cerebral crus (crus cerebri. crus means ‘leg’ in Latin.) is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, traveling from the cerebral cortex to the pons and spine. The plural of which is cerebral crura.

In some older texts, this is called the cerebral peduncle, but presently, it is usually limited to just the anterior white matter portion of it.

White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions.

White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. It appears pinkish-white to the naked eye otherwise, because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries.
The Property of a Lady (Upstairs, Downstairs)
"The Property of a Lady" is the sixth episode of the second series of the British television series, Upstairs, Downstairs. The episode is set in 1909.

"The Property of a Lady" was among the episodes omitted from Upstairs, Downstairs' initial Masterpiece Theatre broadcast in 1974, and was consequently not shown on US television until 1989.

Masterpiece (TV series)
Masterpiece, styled as MASTERPIECE (formerly known as Masterpiece Theatre), is a drama anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston. It premiered on PBS on January 10, 1971. The series has presented numerous acclaimed British productions. Many of these are produced by the BBC, but the lineup has also included programs shown on the UK channels ITV1, Channel 4, and Channel 5.
Jammulapalem
Jammulapalem is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Bapatla mandal of Tenali revenue division. The main occupation of the village is agriculture, for which the irrigation water is drawn from the Kommamuru and Poondla channels of Krishna Western Delta system.

Tenali revenue division
Tenali revenue division is an administrative division in the Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises 8 mandals and is one of the two revenue divisions in the district, along with Guntur. Tenali serves as the headquarters of the division.
Cattle Hill Wind Farm
Cattle Hill Wind Farm is a wind farm developed and constructed by Goldwind Australia in Tasmania, Australia.

The site is located on the eastern shore of Lake Echo on the southern side of the Central Plateau of Tasmania and connects into TasNetworks's transmission network at the adjacent Waddamana substation.

The facility began construction in 2018 and was completed in 2020 with the installation of 48 Goldwind GW140 3MW turbines, each standing at 170m tall.

The wind farm's output of 144MW is equivalent to the consumption of approximately 63,000 homes.

TasNetworks
TasNetworks (Tasmanian Networks) is a Tasmanian Government state-owned enterprise that is responsible for electricity transmission and distribution throughout Tasmania, Australia. It also owns and operates a telecommunications network throughout the state.

TasNetworks is a participant in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) that operates an interconnected power system that extends from Queensland to South Australia. Tasmania is connected to the NEM via the Basslink interconnector, which is a 370 km (230 mi) HVDC submarine cable.

TasNetworks is a regulated monopoly that receives its revenue cap from the Australian Energy Regulator. The company has two shareholders, the Minister for Energy and the Treasurer of Tasmania. TasNetworks was formed on 1 July 2014, following the merger of the transmission company Transend Networks and the distribution division of Aurora Energy, which became a retail-only business.
Arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay
The arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 102 communes. Its population is 96,495 (2021), and its area is 1,930.7 km2 (745.4 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Malle Aminu
Malle Ibrahim Aminu (born 23 September 1969) is a Nigerian politician from Taraba State. He represented the Jalingo/Yorro/Zing Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives from 2011 to 2019. He was succeeded by Kasimu Bello Maigari.

Kasimu Bello Maigari
Kasimu Bello Maigarilistenⓘ(born on March 6, 1980), is a Nigerian politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives, representing the Jalingo/Yorro/Zing Federal Constituency in Taraba State from 2019 to 2023, under the umbrella of the All Progressives Congress (APC).Shamsudeen Bala Mohammad
Stop Advertising Victims of Exploitation Act of 2014
The Stop Advertising Victims of Exploitation Act of 2014 (H.R. 4225; SAVE Act of 2014) is a bill that would prohibit knowingly benefitting financially from, receiving anything of value from, or distributing advertising that offers a commercial sex act in a manner that violates federal criminal code prohibitions against sex trafficking of children or of any person by force, fraud, or coercion. The bill would make it a felony to post prostitution ads online.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Directional solidification
Directional solidification (DS) and progressive solidification are types of solidification within castings. Directional solidification is solidification that occurs from farthest end of the casting and works its way towards the sprue. Progressive solidification, also known as parallel solidification, is solidification that starts at the walls of the casting and progresses perpendicularly from that surface.

Freezing
Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

For most substances, the melting and freezing points are the same temperature; however, certain substances possess differing solid-liquid transition temperatures. For example, agar displays a hysteresis in its melting point and freezing point. It melts at 85 °C (185 °F) and solidifies from 32 to 40 °C (90 to 104 °F).
Facing Evil with Candice DeLong
Facing Evil with Candice DeLong is an American television documentary series on Investigation Discovery that debuted on November 25, 2010, as a two-part special, which later turned into a full series. Facing Evil is hosted by former FBI Profiler Candice DeLong as she visits different women's prisons and talks with female prisoners. At the end, she states whether or not she believes that someone is being truthful about what they're saying. The series ran for four seasons, ending in 2014.

Investigation Discovery
Investigation Discovery (ID) is an American cable television network. Owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, ID primarily broadcasts true crime programming, including documentaries and anthology series.

The channel was established in 1996 as Discovery Civilization Network (later Discovery Civilization Channel), which focused on world history. In 2002, the channel was relaunched as Discovery Times as a joint venture with The New York Times Company, with a focus on programming related to the culture of the United States. The Times divested their stake to Discovery in 2006, and the channel took its current name and format two years later.

As of November 2023, ID is available to approximately 69 million pay television households in the United States-down from its 2015 peak of 86 million households.
Egon Schulte
Egon Schulte (born January 7, 1955, in Heggen (Kreis Olpe), Germany) is a mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Northeastern University in Boston. He received his Ph.D. in 1980 from the Technical University of Dortmund; his doctoral dissertation was on Regular Incidence Complexes (abstract regular polytopes).

Technical University of Dortmund
Technical University of Dortmund (German: Technische Universität Dortmund) is a technical university in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany with over 35,000 students, and over 6,000 staff including 300 professors, offering around 80 Bachelor's and master's degree programs. It is situated in the Ruhr area, the fourth largest urban area in Europe. The university pioneered the Internet in Germany, and contributed to machine learning (in particular, to support-vector machines, and RapidMiner).
Integrism (Spain)
Integrism is a Spanish political philosophy prominent during the late 19th and early 20th century. Rooted in conservative Catholic groupings like Neo-Catholics or Carlists, the Integrists represented the most right-wing formation of the Restoration political spectrum. Their vision discarded religious tolerance and embraced a state constructed along strictly Catholic lines.

The Integrists opposed Liberalism and the parliamentarian system, advocating an accidentalist organic regime. Led first by Ramón Nocedal Romea and then by Juan Olazábal Ramery they were active as a political structure named Partido Católico Nacional (also known as Partido Integrista), but the group retained influence mostly thanks to an array of periodicals, headed by the Madrid-based El Siglo Futuro. Though Integrism enjoyed some momentum when it formally emerged in the late 1880s, it was soon reduced to a third-rate political force and eventually amalgamated within Carlism in the early 1930s.

Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful". Historically, most incidents and writings pertaining to toleration involve the status of minority and dissenting viewpoints in relation to a dominant state religion.  However, religion is also sociological, and the practice of toleration has always had a political aspect as well.: xiii

An overview of the history of toleration and different cultures in which toleration has been practiced, and the ways in which such a paradoxical concept has developed into a guiding one, illuminates its contemporary use as political, social, religious, and ethnic, applying to LGBT individuals and other minorities, and other connected concepts such as human rights.
Luis D. Ortiz
Luis D. Ortiz (born November 13, 1986) is a licensed real estate salesperson who worked for Douglas Elliman. Ortiz co-starred in the Bravo reality television series Million Dollar Listing New York, alongside Fredrik Eklund and Ryan Serhant, who remained from the prior season, and has continued with Eklund and Serhant to subsequent seasons.

Ryan Serhant
Ryan Serhant is an American real estate broker and reality television personality. He is founder and CEO of Serhant, an American real estate firm, as well as the lead and executive producer of Owning Manhattan, a reality show on Netflix.
Vellum Thiramai
Vellum Thiramai (வெல்லும் திறமை) is a 2022 Indian-Tamil-language talent television show aired on Colors Tamil. The judges were Nikki Galrani, Sridhar and Shihan Hussaini, and the hosts were VJ Andrews and Syamantha Kiran. The first season, which contained twenty episodes, premiered on 4 June and ended on 30 October 2022. It was made available for streaming in selected markets on Voot.

The first season was won by Drona Academy. The show itself was based on Hindi-language Colors TV's show Hunarbaaz: Desh Ki Shaan.

Shihan Hussaini
Shihan Hussaini (28 December 1958 – 25 March 2025) was an Indian karate expert, who also worked as an actor in Tamil-language films. His brother Ishaq Hussaini has also appeared in Tamil films. He was also widely covered in Indian media for his acts of devotion towards politician Jayalalithaa and for his world record attempts.
FC Kolos Krasnodar
FC Kolos Krasnodar (Russian: ФК «Колос» Краснодар) was a Russian football team from Krasnodar. It played professionally from 1992 to 1996, including two seasons (1993 and 1995) in the second-highest Russian First Division.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.