hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcella Free
Marcella Jones Free (September 17, 1920 – November 23, 2007) was respected as one of the advertising industry's leading copywriters. She was a pioneering woman in the business and was the first female Creative Director at N. W. Ayer in Philadelphia in the 1940s.

With her former husband, F. William Free, she created a number of famous and memorable campaigns for companies such as Nescafé, Coca-Cola, Purina, National Airlines, Pfizer and Gillette, among others. One of her more memorable campaigns was a commercial for Nair, featuring girls singing "Who wears short shorts? We wear short shorts! If you dare wear short shorts, Nair for short shorts." This song was based on the hit 1958 hit "Short Shorts" by The Royal Teens.

She was a founding partner of the agency Avrett Free Ginsberg.  She retired to her house in Water Mill, New York, and died in Rye in 2007.

National Airlines (1934–1980)
National Airlines was a trunk carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1934 until it merged with Pan Am in 1980. For most of its existence the company was headquartered at Miami International Airport, Florida. At its height, National Airlines had a network of "Coast-to-Coast-to-Coast" flights, linking Florida and Gulf Coast destinations such as New Orleans and Houston with cities along the East Coast as far north as Boston as well as with large cities on the West Coast including Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. From 1970 to 1978, National, Braniff International Airways, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Trans World Airlines (TWA) were the only U.S. airlines permitted to operate scheduled passenger flights to Europe.
George Lawrence Record
George Lawrence Record (1859 – September 27, 1933) was an American lawyer, activist, and politician from Jersey City, New Jersey. He ran unsuccessfully for several offices, including Governor of New Jersey and United States Senator.

Though he lost all six of his attempts at elected office, Record held various state and municipal appointive offices and was a leading figure in the state's liberal progressive movement. He frequently brought suit against New Jersey public utilities as a consumer advocate and labor spokesman. In Jersey City politics, he was aligned with reformist Democrat Mark M. Fagan against party boss Frank Hague.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
Untermann
Untermann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Untermann (1864–1956), German-American sailor, socialist writer, translator and newspaper editor

Jürgen Untermann (1928–2013), German linguist, indoeuropeanist and epigraphist

Matthias Untermann (born 1956), German art historian and medieval archaeologist

Ernest Untermann
Gerhard Ernest Untermann, Sr. (November 6, 1864 – January 5, 1956) was a German-American seaman, socialist author, translator, and newspaper editor. In his later life he was Director of the old Washington Park Zoo in Milwaukee, a geologist, fossil hunter, and artist.
Dosulepin
Dosulepin, also known as dothiepin and sold under the brand name Prothiaden among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression. Dosulepin was once the most frequently prescribed antidepressant in the United Kingdom, but it is no longer widely used due to its relatively high toxicity in overdose without therapeutic advantages over other TCAs. It acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and also has other activities including antihistamine, antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, and sodium channel-blocking effects.

Adrenergic antagonist
An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors. There are five adrenergic receptors, which are divided into two groups. The first group of receptors are the beta (β) adrenergic receptors. There are β1, β2, and β3 receptors. The second group contains the alpha (α) adrenoreceptors. There are only α1 and α2 receptors. Adrenergic receptors are located near the heart, kidneys, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. There are also α-adreno receptors that are located on vascular smooth muscle.

Antagonists reduce or block the signals of agonists. They can be drugs, which are added to the body for therapeutic reasons, or endogenous ligands. The α-adrenergic antagonists have different effects from the β-adrenergic antagonists.
IShares
iShares is a collection of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and index mutual funds managed by BlackRock, which acquired the brand and business from Barclays in 2009.  The first iShares ETFs were known as World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS) but have since been rebranded.

Most iShares funds track a bond or stock market index, although some are actively managed. Stock exchanges listing iShares funds include the London Stock Exchange, American Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, BATS Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Mexican Stock Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, Australian Securities Exchange, B3 (stock exchange), and a number of European and Asian stock exchanges.  iShares is the largest issuer of ETFs in the US and globally, and also manages index mutual funds.

BATS Global Markets
BATS Global Markets is a global stock exchange operator founded in Lenexa, Kansas, with additional offices in London, New York, Chicago, and Singapore. BATS was founded in June 2005, became a licensed U.S. stock exchange operator in 2008, and launched a pan-European market that October. As of February 2016, it operated four U.S. stock exchanges, two U.S. equity options exchanges, the pan-European stock market, and a global market for the trading of foreign exchange products. BATS was acquired by Cboe Global Markets in 2017.
Minamata (film)
Minamata is a 2020 biographical drama film directed by Andrew Levitas, based on the book of the same name by Aileen Mioko Smith and W. Eugene Smith. The film stars Johnny Depp (who also produced) as W. Eugene Smith, an American photographer who documented the effects of mercury poisoning on the citizens of Minamata, Kumamoto, Japan. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2020. It was released in the United States on February 11, 2022, by Samuel Goldwyn Films. At the 94th Academy Awards in 2022, the film ranked third place in the Oscars Fan Favorite contest.

Jun Kunimura
Jun Kunimura (國村 隼, Kunimura Jun; born Yoshihiro Yonemura (米村 喜洋, Yonemura Yoshihiro); 15 November 1955) is a Japanese actor who has performed in Japan, the United States, and Hong Kong. He won Best Supporting Actor and the Popular Star Award at the 37th Blue Dragon Film Awards for his performance in the South Korean horror film The Wailing, directed by Na Hong-jin.
Jóhannes Atlason
Jóhannes Sandhólm Atlason (born 7 September 1944) is an Icelandic football manager and former player. He played as a defender for Fram Reykjavík from 1964 to 1972 and ÍBA Akureyri in 1973. He managed the Icelandic national team from 1982 to 1983, and ÍB Vestmannaeyja in 1993.

ÍB Akureyri
Íþróttabandalag Akureyrar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈiːˌθrouhtaˌpantaˌlaɣ ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrar̥]) or Akureyri Sports Association, commonly known as ÍBA, is an organization which was founded on 20 December 1944, based in Akureyri in the north of Iceland. The union is a part of the National Olympic and Sports Association (ISI) and the Icelandic Youth Association (UMFÍ) and acts as a connection between the town of Akureyri and its sports clubs. Within ÍBA, 21 member associations are registered and over 40 sports are available for practitioners.
Hadouken
The Hadouken or Hadoken (波動拳, Hadōken; IPA: [hadoːkẽꜜɴ], literally "wave motion fist" or "fist of surge") is a special attack from Capcom's Street Fighter series of fighting games. Game designer Takashi Nishiyama credits an energy attack called Hadouho (lit. the "Wave Motion Gun"), from the 1970s anime Space Battleship Yamato, as the origin of Hadouken. It is used by the characters Ryu, Ken, Sakura, Akuma (Gouki in Japan) and Gouken. The Hadouken, Shoryuken and Tatsumaki Senpukyaku are the three archetypal moves of these characters, as well as some of the most iconic and famous elements of the Street Fighter series or even video games in general.

Capcom
Capcom Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社カプコン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon) is a Japanese video game company. It has created a number of critically acclaimed and multi-million-selling game franchises, with its most commercially successful being Resident Evil, Monster Hunter, Street Fighter, Mega Man, Devil May Cry,  Dead Rising, Ace Attorney, Dragon's Dogma, and Marvel vs. Capcom. Established in 1979, it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in East Asia (Hong Kong), Europe (London, England), and North America (San Francisco, California).
Duckow
Duckow (German pronunciation: [ˈdʊkoː]) is a village and a former municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since January 2019, it is part of the municipality Malchin.

Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (German pronunciation: [ˈmeːklənˌbuʁɡɪʃə ˈzeːənˌplatə], lit. 'Mecklenburg Lake Plateau') is a district in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Ludwigslust-Parchim, Rostock (district), Vorpommern-Rügen, Vorpommern-Greifswald, and the state Brandenburg to the south. The district covers the largest area of all German districts and more than double the area of the state of Saarland. The district seat is the town Neubrandenburg.
Okayama Domain Han School
The Okayama Domain han School (岡山藩藩学) was a han school located in the Banzan neighborhood of Kita-ku, in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture. One of the oldest han schools to have been established, it was designated a National Historic Site in 1922.

Kita-ku, Okayama
Kita-ku (北区) is one of four wards of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 451.03 km2 and a population of 295,312. The population density is 655 per square kilometer. The name means "North Ward."

The wards of Okayama were established when Okayama became a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2009.

The city has its municipal headquarters in kita-ku.

The South Korean government maintains the Korea Education Institution (Korean: 오카야마한국교육원, Japanese: 岡山韓国教育院) in Kita-ku.
Ras al-Ayn, Qatana
Ras al-Ayn (Arabic: رأس العين) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ras al-Ayn had a population of 892 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Mulchmen
The Mulchmen were an instrumental surf rock band based in Dayton, Ohio, during the late 1990s. Their style combined the surf guitar influence of Dick Dale or Link Wray, early British punk, and the use of a theremin. They have opened for bands such as  Dick Dale, Man or Astro-man?, Los Straitjackets, and The Breeders.

After the band dissolved, guitarist Nick Kizirnis joined Eyesinweasel, a side project of Tobin Sprout. He recorded a solo album entitled "Into the Loud" and a rockabilly album called "Go Crazy Pop!" on ATOM Records.

Theremin
The theremin (/ˈθɛrəmɪn/; originally known as the ætherphone, etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the performer (who is known as a thereminist). It is named after its inventor, Leon Theremin, who patented the device in 1928.

The instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that function not as radio antennas but rather as position sensors. Each antenna forms one half of a capacitor with each of the thereminist's hands as the other half of the capacitor. These antennas capacitively sense the relative position of the hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.

The sound of the instrument is often associated with eerie situations.
Florida State Road 856
State Road 856 (SR 856), also known as the William Lehman Causeway, is a 1.704-mile-long (2.742 km) causeway connecting Biscayne Boulevard (U.S. Route 1/SR 5) in Aventura and Collins Avenue (SR A1A) in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida.

SR 856 is a limited access highway between the two termini. Pedestrians are prohibited, but (as part of a pilot project that also includes the Pineda Causeway) the shoulder is marked as a bike lane east of the Country Club Drives interchange (cyclists must exit here and use other roads to continue west).

Northeast 192nd Street is a frontage road that starts and ends at County Club Drive and loops underneath the causeway. It carries the hidden state highway designation of State Road 856F.

Bike lane
Bike lanes (US) or cycle lanes (UK) are types of bikeways (cycleways) with lanes on the roadway for cyclists only. In the United Kingdom, an on-road cycle-lane can be firmly restricted to cycles (marked with a solid white line, entry by motor vehicles is prohibited) or advisory (marked with a broken white line, entry by motor vehicles is permitted). In the United States, a designated bicycle lane (1988 MUTCD) or class II bikeway (Caltrans) is always marked by a solid white stripe on the pavement and is for 'preferential use' by bicyclists. There is also a class III bicycle route, which has roadside signs suggesting a route for cyclists, and urging sharing the road. A class IV separated bike way (Caltrans) is a bike lane that is physically separate from motor traffic and restricted to bicyclists only.

Research shows that separated bike lanes improve the safety of bicyclists, and either have positive or non-significant economic effects on nearby businesses.
Kayaba Ku-4
The Kayaba Ku-4 was a research aircraft built in Japan in 1940 to investigate the possibilities of tailless aircraft designs. It followed designer Hidemasa Kimura's successful Ku-2 and Ku-3 designs for the Imperial Japanese Army. While these previous aircraft had been gliders, however, the Ku-4 was to be powered by a pusher engine. It had a low, swept wing, and like the Ku-2, fins at the wingtips.

Work on the prototype was well advanced by April 1941, but the following month, Kimura's relationship with the Army soured following the crash of the Ku-2. The Ku-4 was canceled, and Kimura eventually received only ¥17,000 of the ¥200,000 that had been promised for the development of his tailless designs.

Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.
Rancho La Laguna (Gutierrez)
Rancho La Laguna  was a 48,704-acre (197.10 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara  County, California given in 1845  by Governor Pio Pico to Octaviano Gutierrez.  The name means "the Lake".  The grant extended along the Santa Ynez Valley east of present-day Los Alamos.

Santa Ynez Valley
The Santa Ynez Valley (Spanish: Valle de Santa Ynez) is located in Santa Barbara County, California, between the Santa Ynez Mountains to the south and the San Rafael Mountains to the north. The Santa Ynez River flows through the valley from east to west. The Santa Ynez Valley is separated from the Los Alamos Valley, to the northwest, by the Purisima Hills, and from the Santa Maria Valley by the Solomon Hills. The Santa Rita Hills separate the Santa Ynez Valley from the Santa Rita and Lompoc Valleys to the west.

The valley has a population of about 20,000 residents living in the communities of Solvang, Los Olivos, Santa Ynez, Buellton, and Ballard.
Rajput clans
Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra 'son of a king') is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. The term Rajput covers various patrilineal clans historically associated with warriorhood: several clans claim Rajput status, although not all claims are universally accepted. According to modern scholars, almost all Rajputs clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.

Chandra
Chandra (Sanskrit: चन्द्र, romanized: Chandra, lit. 'shining' or 'moon'), also known as Soma (Sanskrit: सोम), is the Hindu god of the Moon, and is associated with the night, plants and vegetation. He is one of the Navagraha (nine planets of Hinduism) and Dikpala (guardians of the directions).
James MacCullagh
James MacCullagh MRIA FRS (1809 – 24 October 1847) was an Irish mathematician and scientist. He served as the Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin beginning in 1835, and in 1843, he was appointed as the Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. MacCullagh received the Cunningham Medal of the Royal Irish Academy in 1838 for his work on the laws of crystalline reflexion and light refraction, and the Copley Medal in 1842 for his efforts on the nature of light.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
OrthoCor
OrthoCor Medical, Inc. is a privately owned medical device company based in Arden Hills, Minnesota. Founded in 2007, OrthoCor develops drug-free, noninvasive, mobile medical devices aimed at alleviating pain and reducing edema.

Arden Hills, Minnesota
Arden Hills (/ˈɑːrdən/ AR-dən) is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 9,939 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 9,490 in 2024. Bethel University and its seminary is located in the city. Also, the campus of University of Northwestern – St. Paul straddles the Arden Hills – Roseville border. The city contains the headquarters of Land O'Lakes and Catholic United Financial, a fraternal benefit society. Boston Scientific also has a large campus within Arden Hills as well.
EXperimental Computing Facility
Founded in 1986, the eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF) is an undergraduate computing-interest organization at University of California, Berkeley.  The "Experimental" description was given in contrast to the Open Computing Facility and the Computer Science Undergraduate Association, which support most of the general-interest computing desires of the campus.  As such, the XCF stands as a focus for a small group of computer-scientists uniquely interested in computer science.

Members of the organization have been involved in projects such as NNTP, GTK, GIMP, Gnutella, and Viola. Members of the XCF were instrumental in defending against the Morris Internet worm.

Gnutella
Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model.

In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers  increasing to over three million nodes by January 2006. In late 2007, it was the most popular file-sharing network on the Internet with an estimated market share of more than 40%.
Glomerulonephrosis
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney (nephrosis) presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids. Damage to these filtration units results in important blood contents being released as waste in urine. This disease can be characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, swelling, and foamy urine, and can lead to chronic kidney disease and ultimately end-stage renal disease, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Glomerulonephrosis can present as either primary glomerulonephrosis or secondary glomerulonephrosis.

It can be contrasted to glomerulonephritis, which implies inflammation.

Nephrosis
Nephrosis is any of various forms of kidney disease (nephropathy). In an old and broad sense of the term, it is any nephropathy, but in current usage the term is usually restricted to a narrower sense of nephropathy without inflammation or neoplasia, in which sense it is distinguished from nephritis, which involves inflammation. It is also defined as any purely degenerative disease of the renal tubules. Nephrosis is characterized by a set of signs called the nephrotic syndrome. Nephrosis can be a primary disorder or can be secondary to another disorder. Nephrotic complications of another disorder can coexist with nephritic complications. In other words, nephrosis and nephritis can be pathophysiologically contradistinguished, but that does not mean that they cannot occur simultaneously. Types of nephrosis include amyloid nephrosis and osmotic nephrosis.