hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Chicago Marathon
The 2022 Chicago Marathon was the 44th edition of the annual marathon race in Chicago, held on Sunday, October 9, 2022.  An Elite Platinum Label marathon, it was the third of four World Marathon Majors events to be held over the span of six weeks.  More than 40,000 runners were expected to take part in the event.

World Marathon Majors
The World Marathon Majors (WMM) is a championship-style competition for marathon runners that started in 2006. A points-based competition founded on seven major marathon races recognised as the most high-profile on the calendar, the series comprises annual races for the cities of Tokyo, Boston, London, Sydney, Berlin, Chicago and New York.

In addition, the World Marathon Majors includes the results of any major global championship marathon held in that year. These races are the biennial World Athletics Championships Marathon, and the quadrennial Olympic Games Marathon.
Lhasa Newar
Lhasa Newar (or Lhasa Newah; Newar: ल्हासा नेवा) were the expatriate Newar traders and artisans who traveled between the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet from centuries ago. These Nepalese merchants conducted trade between Nepal, Tibet and Bengal, India over the Silk Road, and acted as a bridge for economic and cultural exchanges between South Asia and Central Asia.

Along with the merchants, there were colonies of artisans in various parts of Tibet who were engaged in creating Buddhist art. They were major players in the exchange of art styles across the Himalaya.

The thousand-year-old Lhasa Newar tradition came to an end after the caravan route linking India and Tibet through Sikkim was shut down by the Sino-Indian War in 1962. Subsequently, the merchants and craftsmen based in Tibet closed up shop and returned home to Nepal for the last time.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
2010 in Michigan
This article reviews key circumstances during 2010 in Michigan, including the state's office holders, demographics, performance of sports teams, cultural events, and a chronology of the state's top news and sports stories.

2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season
The 2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team is the Wolverines' 88th season. They represent the University of Michigan in the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The team is coached by Red Berenson and play their home games at Yost Ice Arena. Assisting Berenson will be Mel Pearson, Billy Powers, and Josh Blackburn.
Tuticorin Thermal Power Station
Thoothukudi Thermal Power Station (Tamil: தூத்துக்குடி அனல் மின் நிலையம்) is a power plant situated near newport of Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu, India, on the sea shore of Bay of Bengal.

It has 5 units with a total installed capacity of 1,050 MW and spread over 160 hectares (400 acres). All the unit are coal based. Coal is transported by sea through ship from Haldia, Paradeep, Vizag Port to TTPS.
Coal transported by ship is given to crushers which crush the coal particles to 10-20mm in diameter. The crushed coal is fed to coal grinding mills with bowl roller via coal bunkers. The powdered coal is given to pulverisers and to furnace through forced draft fans. There are four mills around the furnace as well as oil injecting nozzles from oil storage for tangential firing.

Haldia
Haldia (Bengali: [ɦɔld̪ija]) is an industrial port city in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It has a major river port and industrial belt located approximately 124 km (77 mi) southwest of Kolkata near the mouth of the Hooghly River, one of the distributaries of the Ganges. The Haldia Township is bordered by the Haldi River, an offshoot of the Ganges River. Haldia is a centre for petrochemical businesses, and is a major trade port for Kolkata.
Evgeniya Miroshnichenko
Yevheniia Semenivna Miroshnychenko (Ukrainian: Євгенія Семенівна Мірошниченко; 12 June 1931 – 27 April 2009) was a Soviet and Ukrainian opera and chamber singer, internationally famous for her coloratura soprano voice. She was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1965.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Lane River
The Lane River is an 8.5-mile-long (13.7 km) stream in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Warner River, part of the Contoocook River (and ultimately Merrimack River) watershed.

The Lane River begins at the outlet of Kezar Lake in the village of North Sutton. The river flows south through a broad wetland, incorporating the outflow of Gile Pond, then suddenly drops 140 feet (43 m) in 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to enter the village of Sutton.  The river continues southeast through more wetlands and past the village of South Sutton, then becomes more rapid as it descends to the Warner River at the Sutton/Warner town line.

Warner, New Hampshire
Warner is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,937 at the 2020 census. The town is home to Rollins State Park and Mount Kearsarge State Forest.

The town's central village, where 453 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Warner census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 103 and the Warner River. The town also includes the communities of Davisville, Lower Village, Melvin Mills, and Waterloo.
Italian orthography
Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language. This article focuses on the writing of Standard Italian, based historically on the Florentine variety of Tuscan.

Written Italian is very regular and almost completely phonemic—having an almost one-to-one correspondence between letters (or sequences of letters) and sounds (or sequences of sounds). The main exceptions are that stress placement and vowel quality (for ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩) are not notated, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨z⟩ may be voiced or not, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩ may represent vowels or semivowels, and a silent ⟨h⟩ is used in a very few cases other than the digraphs ⟨ch⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ (used for the hard ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ sounds before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩).

Phonemic orthography
A phonemic orthography is an orthography in which the graphemes correspond consistently to the language's phonemes, or more generally to the language's diaphonemes. Phonemic orthographies have the highest possible level of orthographic depth, as they have exact grapheme to phoneme correspondence.

For a systemic analysis of the phoneme/grapheme correspondence, Petr Sgall distinguishes two conditions, both of which are to be satisfied for a phonemic orthography:

in any context, a given grapheme is pronounced as the same phoneme ("uniqueness of pronunciation")

in any context, a given phoneme is written with the same grapheme ("uniqueness of spelling")
June (surname)
June is the surname of:

Cato June (born 1979), American former National Football League player

Jennie June (autobiographer) (1874–?), one of the earliest transgender individuals to publish an autobiography in the United States

John June (fl. 1740–1770), English engraver

Ray June (1895–1958), American Hollywood cinematographer

Ray June
Ray June, A.S.C. (March 27, 1895 – May 26, 1958) was an American cinematographer during the early and classical Hollywood cinema. His best-known films are Babes in Arms and Funny Face. June attended Columbia University but did not graduate. His experience as a cameraman in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War I was instrumental to his success in Hollywood.
SF '58: The Year's Greatest Science Fiction and Fantasy
SF '58: The Year's Greatest Science Fiction and Fantasy is a 1958 anthology of science fiction and fantasy short stories and articles edited by Judith Merril.  It was published by Gnome Press in an edition of 4,000 copies of which 1,263 were never bound.  It was the third in a series of 12 annual anthologies edited by Merrill.  Most of the stories and articles originally appeared in the magazines Science-Fantasy, Playboy, Infinity Science Fiction, Atlantic Monthly, Fantasy and Science Fiction, If, Venture, Mademoiselle, Boys' Life and The New York Times.

Infinity Science Fiction
Infinity Science Fiction was an American science fiction magazine, edited by Larry T. Shaw, and published by Royal Publications. The first issue, which appeared in November 1955, included Arthur C. Clarke's "The Star", a story about a planet destroyed by a nova (an exploding star) that turns out to have been the Star of Bethlehem; it won the Hugo Award for that year. Shaw obtained stories from some of the leading writers of the day, including Brian Aldiss, Isaac Asimov, and Robert Sheckley, but the material was of variable quality. In 1958 Irwin Stein, the owner of Royal Publications, decided to shut down Infinity; the last issue was dated November 1958.

The title was revived a decade later by Stein's publishing house, Lancer Books, as a paperback anthology series. Five volumes were published between 1970 and 1973, edited by Robert Hoskins; a sixth was prepared but withdrawn after Lancer ran into financial problems at the end of 1973.
Aria (1987 film)
Aria is a 1987 British anthology film produced by Don Boyd that consists of ten short films by ten different filmmakers, each showing the director's choice of visual accompaniment to one or more operatic arias.  There is little or no dialogue, with most words coming from the libretto of the operas in Italian, French, or German.

The film was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
He Qigong
He Qigong (Chinese: 何其鞏) (1898–1955) was a Chinese educator and Kuomintang politician of the Republic of China. He was born in Anqing, Anhui. He was the 16th Republic-era mayor of Beijing (called Beiping during his tenure).

Names of Beijing
"Beijing" is from pinyin Běijīng, which is romanized from 北京, the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade.
Philadelphia Division GAA Board
The Philadelphia Divisional Board of the North American GAA is the governing body of hurling, camogie, ladies Gaelic football, and men's Gaelic football in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. In recent years, the Division has benefited from growth of clubs/teams in Pennsylvania and in the neighboring states of New Jersey and Delaware. It is affiliated with the USGAA North American Board. Its headquarters are at the Limerick Field Complex in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Until the 2006 North American Convention, its territory included the Washington DC/Baltimore area.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
GE 2-C+C-2
The GE 2-C+C-2 was an electric locomotive built by General Electric employed in the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro and later in the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil, based on the EP-4 model built for the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad. It had 3817 hp of power and total weight of 165 tons, being classified in the AAR standard as 2-C+C-2. They were employed between 1940 and 1998 when the last ones were deactivated by obsolescence by Fepasa in São Paulo.

Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro
Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro (also called Companhia Paulista de Vias Férreas and Fluviais) was a Brazilian railway company located in the state of São Paulo. It was known for its high standard of quality in customer service.

It remained in activity from August 1872 until October 1971, when it was extinguished and incorporated into FEPASA - Ferrovia Paulista S/A.
Roland Sprague
Roland Percival Sprague (11 July 1894, Unterliederbach – 1 August 1967) was a German mathematician, known for the Sprague–Grundy theorem and for being the first mathematician to find a perfect squared square.

Unterliederbach
Unterliederbach (German pronunciation: [ʊntɐˈliːdɐbax], lit. 'Lower Liederbach', in contrast to "Upper Liederbach") is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the Ortsbezirk West and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Unterliederbach-Ost, Unterliederbach-Mitte and Unterliederbach-West.
Carl Gustaf Dücker
Count Carl Gustaf Dücker (1663 – 3 July 1732) was a Swedish field marshal (Fältmarskalk) and Royal Councillor.

Born in Livonia, Dücker began his career fighting for the French in the Nine Years' war. At the start of the Great Northern War, Dücker became a subordinate to King Charles XII and served under him with distinction during the Polish and Russian campaigns. Dücker was taken prisoner following the disastrous battle of Poltava, but was released soon after in a prisoner exchange. Upon returning to service, he fought against Coalition forces in Swedish Pomerania, most notably during the siege of Stralsund. After being taken prisoner once again, he returned to Sweden in early 1718 and participated in the siege of Fredriksten.

In January 1719, he was promoted to the rank of field marshal and received the title of count and a seat in the Royal Council. Dücker was also put in charge of the War College but did not become president. Dücker died in 1732 in Stockholm.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Ivan Abreu
Iván Abreu is an artist.

Abreu received his degree in informational design from the Superior Design Institute of La Habana and received his master's degree of engineering information technology from Anáhuac University.

His work is included in the collections of FEMSA; Patronato del Centro Histórico, Casa Vecina; Televisa and Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo.

He has been recognized by the Sistema Nacional de Creadores de Arte of FONCA (2012–2014, 2016–2019), National Center for the Arts (2007), Goethe Institute (2005), the Foundation for Contemporary Art (Torre de la Winds, 2003), National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (1991). He has been supported by ThePrix Ars Electronica (2012), the CINTAS Foundation Award in Visual Arts, and the Program for research in Arts and Media at the National Center for the Arts (2007). He is a beneficiary of the National System of Art Creators of the National Fund for Culture and the Arts of Mexico (2012-2014).

FONCA
The National Endowment for Culture and Arts (Fondo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, FONCA) is a public agency of the Mexican federal government, attached to the National Council for Culture and the Arts (Conaculta). Funding for FONCA comes from both the government and the private sector.

It was created in 1989, during the administration of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari in order to:

support artistic and cultural creations of high quality;

promote and disseminate culture;

increase the country's cultural wealth;

and preserve and protect the nation's cultural heritage.

Part of its mission is to promote and encourage artistic creation by awarding monetary grants and scholarships for high-quality art projects. This process begins with calls for proposals, some of which are then selected as recipients in accordance with principles of democratic participation, equality of opportunities, and judgement by peers.
Aigani
Aigani or Egani (/ɛˈɡɑːni/; Greek: Αιγάνη, [eˈɣani]) is a village and Local Community (Τοπική κοινότητα) located on the northeastern border of the historical and Administrative Region of Thessaly, Greece. Since Greece's local government reforms of 2011 the Local Community of Aigani is located in the municipal unit of Kato Olympos in the Tempi municipality within the Larissa Regional Unit of Thessaly. The Local Community of Aigani consists of five settlements.

Regions of Greece
The regions of Greece (Greek: περιφέρειες, romanized: periféreies) are the country's thirteen second-level administrative entities, counting decentralized administrations of Greece as first-level. Regions are divided into regional units, known as prefectures until 2011.
Sarah Pinsker
Sarah Pinsker is an American science fiction and fantasy author. She is a nine-time finalist for the Nebula Award, and her debut novel A Song for a New Day won the 2019 Nebula for Best Novel while her story "Our Lady of the Open Road" won the 2016 Nebula Award for Best Novelette. Her novelette "Two Truths and a Lie" received both the Nebula Award and the Hugo Award. Her fiction has also won the Philip K. Dick Award, the Theodore Sturgeon Award and been a finalist for the Hugo, World Fantasy, and Tiptree Awards.

Small Beer Press
Small Beer Press is a publisher of fantasy and literary fiction, based in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was founded by Gavin Grant and Kelly Link in 2000 and publishes novels, collections, and anthologies. It also publishes the zine Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet, chapbooks, the Peapod Classics line of classic reprints, and limited edition printings of certain titles. The Press has been acknowledged for its children and young-adult publications, and as a leading small-publisher of literary science-fiction and fantasy.

Authors published to date include Kate Wilhelm, John Crowley, Sean Stewart, Maureen F. McHugh, Benjamin Rosenbaum, Kelly Link, Carol Emshwiller, Ray Vukcevich, Joan Aiken, Howard Waldrop, Ellen Kushner, John Kessel, and Alan DeNiro.

In March 2023, Small Beer Press closed to book submissions, due to health complications Grant experienced as a result of COVID-19. The Press's website announced in February 2024 that it is "unlikely" that submissions will reopen.
Richdale
Richdale is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Special Area No. 2. It is located on Highway 9 approximately  24 kilometres (15 mi) east of the Town of Hanna, 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of the Village of Youngstown and 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of the City of Brooks. Previously an incorporated community, Richdale was incorporated as a village in 1916, it was dissolved from village status on June 2, 1931.

Brooks, Alberta
Brooks is a city in southeast Alberta, Canada in the County of Newell. It is on Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway, approximately 186 km (116 mi) southeast of Calgary, and 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Medicine Hat. The city has an elevation of 760 m (2,490 ft).
Warwickshire County Record Office
Warwickshire County Record Office is the county record office for Warwickshire, England. Its purpose is to collect, preserve and make available archives relating to the history of the county and its people dating from the early 12th to the 21st century. It is located in the town of Warwick, and is owned and run by Warwickshire County Council.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
Dennis Oakes
Dennis Raymond Oakes (born 10 April 1946) is an English former cricketer and footballer. In cricket, Oakes was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Bedworth, Warwickshire.

Oakes made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Northamptonshire in the 1965 County Championship. He made four further first-class appearances in that season, the last of which came against Essex. In his five first-class matches, he scored a total of 81 runs at an average of 11.57, with a high score of 33.

He also played football for Coventry City, Notts County, Peterborough United and Chelmsford City, making 205 appearances in the Football League as a central defender.

Chelmsford City F.C.
Chelmsford City Football Club is a professional football club based in Chelmsford, Essex, England. Currently members of the National League South, the sixth tier of English football, they play at the Melbourne Stadium.