hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circuit breaker design pattern
The Circuit Breaker is a design pattern commonly used in software development to improve system resilience and fault tolerance. Circuit breaker pattern can prevent cascading failures particularly in distributed systems. In distributed systems, the Circuit Breaker pattern can be used to monitor service health and can detect failures dynamically. Unlike timeout-based methods, which can lead to delayed error responses or the premature failure of healthy requests, the Circuit Breaker pattern can proactively identify unresponsive services and can prevent repeated attempts. This approach can enhance the user experience.

The circuit breaker pattern can be used in conjunction with other patterns, such as retry, fallback, and timeout, to enhance fault tolerance in systems.

User experience
User experience (UX) is how a user interacts with and experiences a product, system, or service. It includes a person's perceptions of  utility, ease of use, and efficiency. Improving user experience is important to most companies, designers, and creators when creating and refining products because negative user experience can diminish the use of the product and, therefore, any desired positive impacts. Conversely, designing toward profitability as a main objective often conflicts with ethical user experience objectives and even causes harm. User experience is subjective. However, the attributes that make up the user experience are objective.
Chuqi Patilla
Chuqi Patilla (Aymara chuqi gold, patilla step, "gold step", Hispanicized spelling Choquepatilla) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Chucuito Province, in the west of the Pisacoma District. Chuqi Patilla lies east of Qarwa P'iq'iña.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Rokosowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rokosowo [rɔkɔˈsɔvɔ] (German Rogzow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sławoborze, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Sławoborze, 17 km (11 mi) north of Świdwin, and 95 km (59 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 350.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
Baljuvon District
Baljuvon District (Russian: Бальджуванский район; Tajik: Ноҳияи Балҷувон) is a district in Khatlon Region, Tajikistan. Its capital is the village Baljuvon. The population of Baljuvon District is 30,400 (January 2020 estimate).

Districts of Tajikistan
As of 2020, the regions of Tajikistan are subdivided into 47 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, rayon), not including 4 districts belonging to the capital city Dushanbe, and 18 cities of regional subordination (including Dushanbe, an extraregional capital city). Before ca. 2017, there were 58 districts. The districts are further subdivided into municipal units: either as urban municipalities called either as cities (Tajik: шаҳр, romanized: şahr, "cities") or towns (Tajik: шаҳрак, romanized: şahrak, "towns"), or as rural municipalities called jamoats (Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes"), which in turn are further subdivided into villages (Tajik: деҳа or қишлоқ, romanized: deha or qyshloq, "villages/hamlets").

The numbering of the districts follows the map.
Battle of Poimanenon
The Battle of Poimanenon or Poemanenum was fought in early 1224 (or possibly late 1223) between the forces of the two main successor states of the Byzantine Empire; the Latin Empire and the Byzantine Greek Empire of Nicaea. The opposing forces met at Poimanenon, south of Cyzicus in Mysia, near Lake Kuş.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Fantastic Spikes Through Balloon
Fantastic Spikes Through Balloon is the debut studio album by the American rock band Skeleton Key, released in 1997 on Capitol Records. It was co-produced by the band with Dave Sardy, except "All the Things I've Lost" and "Big Teeth" produced by the band and Eli Janney, and "The Needle Never Ends" produced by the band only. The original album contains eleven songs, with four more songs released only on the Japanese edition. In 1998, a two-disc edition of the album was released in the United States, with the second disc containing alternative versions and remixes by DJ Spooky, Mark Linkous, JG Thirlwell and Dan the Automator.

The packaging was designed by Stefan Sagmeister and features photographs by Tom Schierlitz. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Recording Package.

Grammy Award for Best Recording Package
The Grammy Award for Best Recording Package is one of a series of Grammy Awards presented for the visual look of an album. It is presented to the art director of the winning album, not to the performer(s), unless the performer is also the art director.

The Grammy Award for Best Album Cover dates back to the first Grammy Awards in 1959. From 1962 to 1965 it was separated into Classical and Non-Classical divisions. From 1966 to 1968 it was separated into Graphic Arts and Photography divisions. In 1974, the name of the award was changed to Best Album Package, and changed again in 1994 to the current name.

In 1995, boxed sets were no longer eligible, as they were split off into a separate award, currently known as the Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.
Battle of Flamborough Head
The Battle of Flamborough Head was a naval battle that took place on 23 September 1779 in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire between a combined Franco-American squadron, led by Continental Navy officer John Paul Jones, and two British escort vessels protecting a large merchant convoy. It became one of the most celebrated naval actions of the war in America, despite its relatively small size and a considerable dispute over what had actually occurred.

Countess of Scarborough
Countess of Scarborough was launched at Whitby in 1777. The Royal Navy hired her as a hired armed ship in 1777. She participated in the capture of two privateers before she and HMS Serapis succumbed to a small American flotilla off Flamborough Head in 1779. She briefly became a French privateer. Her subsequent fate is unknown.
Selivyorstovo
Selivyorstovo (Russian: Селивёрстово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Selivyorstovsky Selsoviet of Volchikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 659 as of 2016. It was founded in 1800. There are 8 streets.

Volchikhinsky District
Volchikhinsky District (Russian: Волчихи́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,593.7 square kilometers (1,387.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Volchikha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,703, with the population of Volchikha accounting for 52.8% of that number.
Glass brick
Glass brick, also known as glass block, is an architectural element made from glass. The appearance of glass blocks can vary in color, size, texture and form. Glass bricks provide visual obscuration while admitting light. The modern glass block was developed from pre-existing prism lighting principles in the early 1900s to provide natural light in manufacturing plants. Glass bricks have several attributes that make them useful as a building material, providing insulation and admitting light while still allowing for privacy.

The first hollow glass block was patented in France on November 11th, 1886 by Swiss architect Gustave Falconnier. Mass production of glass blocks began in 1932, with the construction of the Owens-Illinois Glass Block building. It has had a varied popularity since, appearing in Streamline Moderne and Brutalist architecture. Today glass blocks are used in walls, skylights, and sidewalk lights.

Skylight
A skylight (sometimes called a rooflight) is a light-permitting structure or window, usually made of transparent or translucent glass, that forms all or part of the roof space of a building for daylighting and ventilation purposes.
Lance Sellers
Lance Sellers (born February 24, 1963) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played for the Cincinnati Bengals in 1987. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the sixth round of the 1987 NFL draft.

1987 NFL draft
The 1987 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 28–29, 1987, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers selected quarterback Vinny Testaverde.
Connecticut's 117th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 117th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Milford, Orange, and West Haven. It has been represented by Democrat MJ Shannon since 2025.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Dubuque Senior High School
Dubuque Senior High School (commonly Senior or DSHS) is a four-year public high school located in Dubuque, Iowa. It is one of two high schools in the Dubuque Community School District, and enrolls 1,447 students in grades 9–12. The school's mascot is the Ram; it competes at the state level in class 4A (which contains the state's largest schools) and is a member of the Mississippi Valley Athletic Conference.

Mississippi Valley Conference (Iowa)
The Mississippi Valley Conference (also called MVC) is a high-school athletic conference whose members are located in the metropolitan areas of eastern region of the U.S. state of Iowa, including Cedar Rapids, Dubuque, Iowa City and Waterloo-Cedar Falls.

The conference is divided into two divisions: the Mississippi division and the Valley division. Division assignments rotate every two years, and are not geographically-based.

At present the MVC comprises all 4A schools with the exception of Dubuque Wahlert, which is categorized as 3A school. Cedar Rapids Xavier, when admitted to the MVC, was a 3A school, but became a 4A school beginning with the 2008-09 school year. As of 2014-2015, Xavier switched back to 3A and Western Dubuque high school, also a 3A school, beginning in 2019.
Emmanuel Candès
Emmanuel Jean Candès (born 27 April 1970) is a French statistician most well known for his contributions to the field of compressed sensing and statistical hypothesis testing. He is a professor of statistics and electrical engineering (by courtesy) at Stanford University, where he is also the Barnum-Simons Chair in Mathematics and Statistics. Candès is a 2017 MacArthur Fellow.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Wat Chedi Sao
Wat Phra Chedi Sao Lang (Thai: วัดพระเจดีย์ซาวหลัง,  lit. 'monastery of twenty stupas' in Lanna Thai) is a Buddhist temple in Lampang, Thailand. The temple is located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of Lampang, and is noted for its series of 20 chedis arranged in a courtyard. The bases of the chedis are built in the Lan Na style, and the upper parts are built in the  Burmese style. The temple also houses a 15th-century solid gold  Buddha image that weighs 1,507 kilograms (3,322 lb).

The name Chedi Sao Lang means 20 Chedis; sao (ซาว) is  Lanna dialect for 'twenty' and lang (หลัง)  is the  classifier for buildings.

Thai temple art and architecture
Thai temple art and architecture is the art and architecture of Buddhist temples in Thailand. Temples are known as wats, from the Pāḷi vāṭa, meaning "enclosure". A temple has an enclosing wall that divides it from the secular world. Temples served as a stabilizing center in these communities because their sacred teachings became a basis of authority and boundaries, their precincts became places of instruction, their regimes of common ownership of property formed them into economic centers, and their functions allowed them to serve at the heart of these communities in a variety of ways.
Boat lift
A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock.

It may be vertically moving, like the Anderton boat lift in England, rotational, like the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland, or operate on an inclined plane, like the Ronquières inclined plane in Belgium.

Ronquières inclined plane
The Ronquières Inclined Plane is a canal inclined plane on the Brussels-Charleroi Canal in the province of Hainaut in Wallonia, Belgium. It opened in April 1968 having taken six years to build. It is in the municipality of Braine-le-Comte and takes its name from the nearby village of Ronquières.

The plane was built to reduce the delays imposed by the 14 locks (already reduced from 16 in the 19th century) that had hitherto been needed for the canal to follow the local topography.
Loknath Mahto
Loknath Mahato was a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the state of Jharkhand, India, elected from constituency Barkagaon which is in the Hazaribagh district of the state. He was first elected in 1995. Since then he has been re-elected three times, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), one of the main national parties of India. He was one of the contenders in the 12 December 2019 Jharkhand state assembly elections from Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP). In 2014, Mahto had left BJP to join All Jharkhand Students Union, when denied ticket to contest from Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency. He participated in 2014 Lok Sabha elections and finished at third position.

Kurmi
Kurmi is a traditionally non-elite tiller caste in the lower Gangetic plain of India, especially southern regions of Awadh, eastern Uttar Pradesh and parts of Bihar and Jharkhand. The Kurmi came to be known for their exceptional work ethic, superior tillage and manuring, and gender-neutral culture, bringing praise from Mughal and British administrators alike.
Greencoat Renewables
Greencoat Renewables PLC is an Irish investment company investing in primarily Irish and Euro-denominated European wind farms and renewable energy infrastructure. Founded in 2017, its primary listing is on the Irish Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the ISEQ 20 index, but is also listed on the London Stock Exchange on the FTSE 250. Greencoat Capital LLP acts as investment manager to Greencoat Renewables PLC and its sister company Greencoat UK Wind.

Greencoat UK Wind
Greencoat UK Wind is a British investment company investing in UK wind farms based in London, England. Established in 2012, it is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The company's Chairman is Tim Ingram. Greencoat Capital LLP acts as investment manager to Greencoat  UK Wind plc.
Zavrh, Lenart
Zavrh (pronounced [ˈzaːʋəɾx], German: Sauerberg [ˈzaʊ̯ɐbɛɐ̯k]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) above the valley of the Pesnica River The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

In a house in the village where the Slovene general Rudolf Maister occasionally stayed a memorial room was set up in 1986. There is also a 17 m high observation tower known as Maister's Observation Tower (Slovene: Maistrov razgledni stolp) in the settlement. It is a metal structure erected in 1982 to replace an earlier wooden structure based on plans by Maister's son Borut from 1963.

Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice, German: Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija). The region is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart.
Al Hashimiyya
32°21′51″N 35°39′35″E﻿ / ﻿32.36417°N 35.65972°E﻿ / 32.36417; 35.65972

Al Hashimiyya  (/ˌælhæʃˈmiːə/; Arabic: الهاشمية al-Hāshimīyah) (formerly Fara, or Farah) is a village in the Ajloun Governorate of north-western Jordan.  The village is located 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Ajloun, 22 km (14 mi) south of Irbid and 108 km (67 mi) north of Amman.  It is near Ajloun Castle and Tell Mar Elias.  The largest tribes are Bani 'Ata (بني عطا), Qwaqnah (قواقنة), Gharaibeh (غرايبة), Rababah (ربابعة), Za'areer (زعارير), Abu Sini (ابو صيني) and Haddad (حداد).  Hashimiyya is one of the three villages that are part of the Ash Shefa Municipality (بلدية الشفا) along with Halawah (حلاوة) and Al Wahadinah (الوهادنه).

It had a population of 9,509 in 2015. The five major families (tribes or clans) in Al Hashimiya are: the Gharaibeh, Bani Ata, Zaareer, Rababah and Qawaqneh. It is famous for its Roman olive trees .

Haddad
Haddad (Arabic: حدّاد, Syriac: ܚܕܕ or ܚܕܐܕ) is an Arabic surname meaning blacksmith, commonly used in the Levant and Algeria.

Hadad is the name of an ancient Semitic storm god. Hadodo (Syriac: ܚܕܕܐ) is an Assyrian family name, which has the same meaning in Turoyo.
Iberus
Iberus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae.

This genus was considered to be endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. However, recently, Pseudotachea was synonymised with Iberus.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Nicholas A'Hern
Nicholas "Nick" Mark A'Hern (born 6 January 1969 in Swansea, Wales) is a retired Australian race walker, who won gold medals at the Commonwealth Games in both Victoria (1994) and Kuala Lumpur (1998). He represented his country at three Summer Olympics (1992, 1996 and 2000) and also raced at five editions of the World Championships in Athletics (1991–1999). His best placing on the global stage was fourth in the 20 kilometres race walk at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

On 14 July 2000, A'Hern was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his achievements.

20 kilometres race walk
The 20 kilometre race walk is an Olympic athletics event that is competed by both men and women. The racewalking event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.
Vilkolakis Theatre
Vilkolakis Theatre (transl. Werewolf Theatre; Lithuanian: Vilkolakio teatras) was a private experimental theater in Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania. Established as an artists' club in 1919, it quickly grew to a cabaret show and a theater under the leadership of the theatre director Antanas Sutkus. The theatre became known for its parodies and satires of current events in Lithuania. The theatre closed in 1925 due to financial difficulties and troubles with the government.

Temporary capital of Lithuania
The temporary capital of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Laikinoji sostinė) was the official designation of the city of Kaunas in Lithuania during the interwar period. It was in contrast to the declared capital in Vilnius, which was the capital of the Republic of Central Lithuania (1920-1922), and part of Poland from 1922 until 1939. Although the term temporary capital is no longer officially used, it remains a common nickname for Kaunas, the second largest city in Lithuania.

On 18 September 2023, the modernist buildings in Kaunas that were built while Kaunas was the temporary capital of Lithuania and experienced rapid urbanization were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. With this designation, Kaunas became the only European city representing large scale urbanization during the interwar period and a variety of modern architecture (Art Deco, neoclassicism, traditionalism, functionalism, etc.).