hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bridgnorth District
Bridgnorth District was a local government district in Shropshire, England, from 1974 to 2009. Its council was based in the town of Bridgnorth. The district also included the towns of Much Wenlock, Shifnal and Broseley and the villages of Albrighton and Sheriffhales, as well as RAF Cosford.

RAF Cosford
Royal Air Force Cosford or RAF Cosford (formerly DCAE Cosford) (ICAO: EGWC) is a Royal Air Force station near the village of Cosford, Shropshire, England just to the northwest of Wolverhampton and next to Albrighton.

It is a training station, home to the Defence School of Aeronautical Engineering headquarters, the Defence School of Photography, No. 1 Radio School, and the RAF School of Physical Training. Thousands of Royal Air Force Boy Entrants were trained at the station in the 1950s and 1960s.
Pragmatic conservatism
Pragmatic conservatism is a political ideology which refers to making decisions based on current situations, while maintaining elements of conservative policy. It espouses the idea that while tradition and customs are important, reforms and decisions are sometimes necessary to protect them, and to reflect on the needs and changes of the times.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
USS Cummings (DD-44)
The first USS Cummings (DD-44) was a Cassin-class destroyer built for the United States Navy prior to the American entry into World War I. The ship was the first U.S. Navy vessel named in honor of Lieutenant Commander Andrew Boyd Cummings, a naval officer who served during the American Civil War. She served in the Atlantic Fleet during World War I, conducting anti-submarine warfare patrols and escort missions. Later transferred to the United States Coast Guard, she served as CG-3 as part of the Rum Patrol during the Prohibition era.

Andrew Boyd Cummings
Andrew Boyd Cummings (22 June 1830 – 18 March 1863) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War who was killed in action off the coast of Louisiana. Two naval ships, USS Cummings, have been named in his honor.
David M. Ransom
David M. Ransom (November 23, 1938 – December 4, 2003) was an American diplomat. A career Foreign Service officer, he served as U.S. Ambassador to the State of Bahrain from 1994 to 1997.

Ransom was born in St. Louis, Missouri on November 23, 1938. His father was a civil engineer who served as a career military officer. When his father died when he was 14, the family had lived in Greenville, Texas, Japan and Greece. Ransom graduated from The Choate School (1956), Princeton University (BA, 1960) and the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (MA, 1962). Ransom entered the Foreign Service in 1965 and served overseas in Yemen, Iran, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Bahrain. He retired from the Foreign Service in 1997.

He died from a heart attack while on a trip to New York City, on December 4, 2003, at the age of 65.

Choate Rosemary Hall
Choate Rosemary Hall (/tʃoʊt/ CHOHT) is a private, co-educational, college-preparatory boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1890, it took its present name and began a co-educational system with the 1978 merger of The Choate School for boys and Rosemary Hall for girls. It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization.
Manfred Hüning
Manfred Hüning (born 13 November 1953) is a retired West German hammer thrower.

He finished sixth at the 1974 European Championships, fifth at the 1977 Summer Universiade, fifth at the 1978 European Championships, won the silver medal at the 1979 Summer Universiade, and finished fourth at the 1981 Summer Universiade.

He was set to compete at the 1980 Olympic Games, but was stopped by the West German 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. Though the hammer throw is more rarely featured in one-day track meets, Hüning competed in the Weltklasse Zürich, ISTAF Berlin and Golden Gala meets. His last year on elite level was 1983.

Domestically, he won the silver medal at the West German Championships in 1977, 1978 and 1980 as well as the bronze medals in 1974, 1976, 1979 and 1981. All these competitions except for 1974 were won by Karl-Hans Riehm. Hüning competed for the club LAZ Rhede. His personal best throw was 79.16 metres, achieved in August 1979 in Dortmund.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by 38 events: 24 for men and 14 for women. They were held in the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki (south-western part of Moscow) between July 24 and August 1. There were a total of 959 participating athletes from 70 countries. A number of countries had boycotted the 1980 Games due to the Soviet-Afghan War.
Eihi Shiina
Eihi Shiina (椎名英姫, Shiina Eihi; born February 3, 1976) is a Japanese fashion model and actress from Fukuoka, Japan.  She got her first big break in 1995, working for Benetton, after which she represented Japan at the global Elite Model Look '95, then continuing as a magazine model.

Shiina made her film debut in 1998 with Open House. She also published a book of photographs and poems, entitled No Filter, Only Eyes, that same year. She is recognized internationally for her role as Asami Yamazaki in Takashi Miike's Audition, and as the vengeful police officer Ruka in Yoshihiro Nishimura's Tokyo Gore Police.

Yoshihiro Nishimura
Yoshihiro Nishimura (西村喜廣, Nishimura Yoshihiro) is a Japanese film director, special effects and makeup effects artist, and a screenwriter who has worked predominantly in the horror genre. Nishimura has been described as "a legendary director and effects artist" and "the Tom Savini of Japan" with "talent to burn".
Predel Point
Predel Point (Bulgarian: нос Предел, ‘Nos Predel’ \'nos pre-'del\) is a point on the northwest coast of Fournier Bay in Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica separating the termini of Rhesus Glacier to the north and Thamyris Glacier 4 km to the south.

The point is named after Predel Saddle  between the mountains of Pirin and Rila in southwestern Bulgaria.

Glacier terminus
A glacier terminus, toe, or snout, is the end of a glacier at any given point in time. Although glaciers seem motionless to the observer, in reality they are in endless motion and the glacier terminus is always either advancing or retreating. The location of the terminus is often directly related to glacier mass balance, which is based on the amount of snowfall which occurs in the accumulation zone of a glacier, as compared to the amount that is melted in the ablation zone. The position of a glacier terminus is also impacted by localized or regional temperature change over time.
Heated glass
Heated glass is a resistance heater created when a transparent, electrically conductive coating is applied to float glass and then subjected to an electric current. The electric current in the coating creates heat energy, which warms the glass until the glass radiates heat.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Steingrímur Hermannsson
Steingrímur Hermannsson (pronounced [ˈsteinkrimur ˈhɛrmanˌsɔn]; 22 June 1928 – 1 February 2010) was an Icelandic politician who served as prime minister of Iceland from 1983 to 1987, and again from 1988 to 1991. He was the chairman for the Progressive Party from 1979 to 1994.

Steingrímur's father, Hermann Jónasson also served as Iceland's prime minister from 1934 to 1942 and again from 1956 to 1958. Steingrímur's son, Guðmundur Steingrímsson ran as the chairman for his own party in the 2013 parliamentary election.

2013 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 27 April 2013. Fifteen parties contested the elections, compared to just seven in the previous elections. The result was a victory for the two centre-right opposition parties, the Independence Party and Progressive Party, which subsequently formed a coalition government. The parties were eurosceptic and their win brought to a halt partially completed negotiations with the European Union regarding Icelandic membership.
John Robert Smith
John Robert Smith served four terms as mayor of Meridian, Mississippi and formerly serves as the President and CEO of Reconnecting America, a national non-profit transit research and advocacy think-tank.
Senior policy adviser at Smart Growth America and chairman of Transportation for America.

Transportation for America
Transportation for America (or T4A) is an American policy organization that supports progressive transportation and land use policy. The transportation program of Smart Growth America, T4A supports reforming transportation policy at the federal, state, and local levels.
Glazovo, Kursk Oblast
Glazovo (Russian: Глазово) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Malogorodkovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  133 (2010 Census); 170 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Bit-oriented protocol
A bit-oriented protocol is a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no semantics, or meaning. Control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. Bit oriented protocol can transfer data frames regardless of frame contents. It can also be stated as "bit stuffing".

Synchronous framing High-Level Data Link Control may work like this:

Each frame begins and ends with a special bit pattern 01111110, called a flag byte.

A bit stuffing technique is used to prevent the receiver from detecting the special flag byte in user data e.g. whenever the sender's data link layer encounters 5 consecutive 1 (one) in the data, it automatically stuffs 0 into the outgoing stream.

Control character
In computing and telecommunications, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly graphic characters, also known as printing characters (or printable characters), except perhaps for "space" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, BEL, which might ring a bell.
Tisul
Tisul (Russian: Тисуль) is the name of several inhabited localities in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia.

Urban localities

Tisul, Tisulsky District, Kemerovo Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Tisulsky District

Rural localities

Tisul, Tyazhinsky District, Kemerovo Oblast, a selo in Tisulskaya Rural Territory of Tyazhinsky District

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Casa Peralta
Casa Peralta is a historic home located at 384 W. Estudillo Ave. in San Leandro, California. The home was built in 1901 by Ludovino Peralta and originally had a Colonial Revival design. The original design included Tuscan columns, modillions, and a dentillated cornice, features which remain a part of the home. After Ludovino died, the home passed to her sister Maria and later to her niece Hermania Peralta Dargie. In 1927, Hermania hired Captain Antonio Martin to redesign the house in the style of the Peralta family's estate in Spain. Martin's design added a formal garden with a fountain, a front porch with tiles depicting scenes from Don Quixote, and a four-story tower.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1982. It is now a historic museum run by the City of San Leandro.

Modillion
In architecture, a modillion is an ornate bracket, more horizontal in shape and less imposing than a corbel. They are often seen underneath a cornice which helps to support them. Modillions are more elaborate than dentils (literally translated as small teeth).  All three are selectively used as adjectival historic past participles (corbelled, modillioned, dentillated) as to what co-supports or simply adorns any high structure of a building, such as a terrace of a roof (a flat area of a roof), parapet, pediment/entablature, balcony, cornice band or roof cornice. Modillions occur classically under a Corinthian or a Composite cornice but may support any type of eaves cornice. They may be carved or plain.
Tass River
The Tass River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly northeast from its origins in the Southern Alps east of Lake Hochstetter, reaching the Upper Grey River close to the southern tip of the Victoria Forest Park.

Victoria Forest Park
Victoria Forest Park, is situated on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. At 2,069 square kilometres (799 sq mi) it is New Zealand's largest forest park. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC).

The park is made up of pristine beech forest and includes all five species of beech found in new Zealand - red, silver, mountain, black and hard beech. The park includes the Inangahua, Maruia and Grey Rivers, and the Victoria and Brunner Ranges. Reefton is the main town in the area and is located on the South Western edge of the park.  Reefton was once a coal and gold mining town, and old mining equipment can still be found in the Park.
IDTGV
iDTGV was a wholly owned subsidiary of the French state-owned train company SNCF, operating high-speed TGV services on multiple LGV lines throughout France. All trains run either to or from Paris, serving 12 French stations. Tickets can only be purchased online up to 6 months in advance.

The service was discontinued at the end of 2017 to be partially replaced by Ouigo.

High-speed rail in France
France has a large network of high-speed rail lines. As of June 2021, the French high-speed rail network comprises 2,800 km (1,740 mi) of tracks, making it one of the largest in Europe and the world. As of early 2023, new lines are being constructed or planned. The first French high-speed railway, the LGV Sud-Est, linking the suburbs of Paris and Lyon, opened in 1981.

In addition to serving destinations across France, the high-speed rail network is also connected to the United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. SNCF, France's state-owned rail company and the network’s main operator, runs both a premium service (TGV inOui) and a budget service (Ouigo). The French national high-speed rail network follows the spoke-and-hub model, centred on Paris. Besides SNCF, it is also used by Eurostar, Thalys, Deutsche Bahn, Trenitalia France, RENFE, and the Swiss Federal Railways.
De Momper family
The family de Momper was a Flemish family of painters and printmakers active in the 16th and 17th century. The family originated in Bruges but had settled in Antwerp by the 1550s.  Members of the family include:

Frans de Momper (1603–1660), Flemish painter

Jan de Momper the Elder (fl 1512–16), painter in Bruges

Jan de Momper (16 August 1614 or 1617 - 1684/1704), landscape painter

Joos de Momper the Younger (1564–1635), landscape painter, engraver and draughtsman

Philips de Momper the Elder (1598–1634), landscape  painter

Bartholomeus de Momper the Elder (1535–between 1559 and 1597), publisher, printer, draughtsman and art dealer

Joos de Momper
Joos de Momper the Younger or Joost de Momper the Younger (c. 1564 – 5 February  1635) was a Flemish landscape painter active in Antwerp between the late 16th century and the early 17th century. Brueghel's influence is clearly evident in many of de Momper's paintings.  His work is situated at the transition from late 16th-century Mannerism to the greater realism in landscape painting that developed in the early 17th century. He achieved considerable success during his lifetime.
Hver gang vi møtes
Hver gang vi møtes (meaning Every Time We Meet in Norwegian) is a Norwegian reality television show broadcast on the Norwegian TV 2 television station in 2012. It is structured in similar format to the Swedish series Så mycket bättre that had been launched in 2010.

Halvdan Sivertsen
Halvdan Sivertsen (born 5 January 1950) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Tromsø, but raised and lives in Bodø. He has won Spellemannprisen awards five times, twice with his group Gitarkameratene, and received the Culture Prize of Nordland county in 2000.  His album Kjærlighetslandet reached number eight on the Norway albums chart.

The Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists awarded him the "lyrics of the year"-prize in 2010 and an accompanying grant totalling 25 000 Norwegian kroner, for his song Dødsbra dop — a criticism of Norwegian soldiers' behaviour in Afghanistan, and Norwegian politicians.
Marianów, Jędrzejów County
Marianów [maˈrjanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Sędziszów, 21 km (13 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Sura Qullu
Sura Qullu (Aymara sura dry jiquima, a species of Pachyrhizus, qullu mountain, "sura mountain", also spelled Zorra Khollu, Zorra Kkollu) is a 4,752-metre-high (15,591 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Yanacachi Municipality, north-east of the city of La Paz. Sura Qullu lies between the mountain Jathi Qullu in the north-west and the lake Warawarani in the south-east.

Pachyrhizus
Pachyrhizus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes five or species of herbs and subshrubs native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, ranging from northern Mexico to northwestern Argentina. Typical habitat is seasonally-dry tropical forest and thicket, often at forest margins, in scrub vegetation, and in open grassy areas. Plants in the genus grow from large, often edible taproots.
William Burt (writer)
William Burt (23 August 1778 – 1 September 1826) was an English miscellaneous writer, son of Joseph Burt of Plymouth. He was educated at Exeter grammar school, and afterwards articled to a banker and solicitor at Bridgwater. Finally he practised at Plymouth as a solicitor until his death on 1 September 1826. He edited the Plymouth and Dock Telegraph for several years.

Bridgwater
Bridgwater is a historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. The town had a population of 41,276 at the 2021 census. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies along both sides of the River Parrett; it has been a major inland port and trading centre since the industrial revolution. Most of its industrial bases still stand today. Its larger neighbour, Taunton, is linked to Bridgwater via a canal, the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line.

Historically, the town had a politically radical tendency. The Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685, was fought nearby. Notable buildings include the Church of St Mary and Blake Museum, which is a largely restored house in Blake Street and was the birthplace of Admiral Blake in 1598. The town has an arts centre and plays host to the annual Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival.
Tawam (region)
Tawam (Arabic: تَوَام, romanized: Tawām), also Tuwwam, or Tu'am, is a historical oasis region in Eastern Arabia that stretched from, or was located between, the Western Hajar Mountains to the Persian Gulf coast, nowadays forming parts of the United Arab Emirates and western Oman. Although associated with the Buraimi Oasis (Arabic: وَاحَة ٱلْبُرَيْمِي, romanized: Wāḥat Al-Buraymī), by historians working from documentary sources available in the 1950s and 60s, Tu'am is now thought to refer to the Christian patriachate of St Thomas the Apostle of the East and the location of the principal city and pearling centre on Siniyah island in modern Umm Al Quwain on the Western seaboard of the UAE.

It is marked by the twin settlements of Al Ain and Al-Buraimi on the UAE-Omani border, with the former in the UAE and the latter in Oman, and with Siniyah on the Western seaboard of the UAE.

Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.