hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hayren
The hayren (Armenian: հայրեն) is an old form of Armenian folk poetry. Hayrens are typically composed of four lines with each of the four lines containing 15 syllables. Each line divides into two half-lines that consist of seven and eight syllables. This form of poetry dates back to medieval Armenia and has been used by various poets and writers throughout history. The content of hayrens can vary, covering topics such as love, satire, or lessons in morality.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Neil H. Buchanan
Neil Harold Buchanan is an American economist, legal scholar, and professor. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow at Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law (Vienna University of Business and Economics), specializing in tax policy and tax law, and a professor emeritus at University of Florida Levin College of Law.

Cornell Law School
Cornell Law School is the law school of Cornell University, a private, Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York.

One of the five Ivy League law schools, Cornell Law School offers four degree programs (JD, LLM, MSLS and JSD) along with several dual-degree programs in conjunction with other professional schools at the university. It was established in 1887 as Cornell University's Department of Law. Currently, the school graduates around 200 students each year.

Cornell Law School is home to the Legal Information Institute (LII), the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, the Cornell Law Review, the Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, and the Cornell International Law Journal.
Elettra Stamboulis
Elettra Stamboulis (born December 31, 1969) is an Italian art curator and writer. She was the art director of Komikazen festival in Ravenna. She has written graphic novels including Piccola Gerusalemme, Cena con Gramsci and Arrivederci Berlinguer. She is currently the principal of Liceo Artistico e Musicale Antonio Canova in Forlì.

She has curated personal exhibitions of Joe Sacco, Marjane Satrapi, Aleksandar Zograf, among others and she curated the first personal exhibition in a public museum of Zehra Doğan in Brescia in 2019. And Badiucao's first solo exhibition in 2021 in Brescia as well. She is the founder of InguineMAH!gazine, and Geographical Institute of Unconventional Drawings Arts (G.I.U.D.A.). She has written for various magazines including Linus, Fumettologica, Efimerida ton Syntakton and Artribune.

Aleksandar Zograf
Saša Rakezić (born 1963 in Pančevo, Serbia), better known by his pen name Aleksandar Zograf, is a Serbian cartoonist. His works focus mostly on life in the former Yugoslavia, such as Life Under Sanctions, Psychonaut, Dream Watcher and Bulletins from Serbia.
Deh Kheyr, Semnan
Deh Kheyr (Persian: ده خير; also known as Dakhi) is a village in Kharqan Rural District, Bastam District, Shahrud County, Semnan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 182, in 39 families.

It is located in Shahrud Plain, about 4 km (2.5 mi) north of Bastam, and 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from the city of Shahrud.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Skegness Lifeboat Station
Skegness Lifeboat Station is located at Tower Esplanade, in the town of Skegness, south of the Humber Estuary and north of The Wash, on the east coast of England, in the county of Lincolnshire.

A lifeboat station was first established at Skegness in 1830, by the Lincolnshire Coast Shipwreck Association (LCSA), when they transferred the lifeboat, and closed the Gibraltar Point Lifeboat Station. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1864.

The station currently operates an All-weather Shannon-class lifeboat, 13-17 Joel and April Grunnill (ON 1324), on station since 2017, and a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, The Holland Family (D-842), on station since 2019.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Thames Ditton Foundry
The Thames Ditton Foundry was a foundry in Thames Ditton, Surrey, which operated from 1874 to 1939 and which under various owners produced numerous major statues and monuments as one of the United Kingdom's leading firms of bronze founders.

Thomas Woolner
Thomas Woolner RA (17 December 1825 – 7 October 1892) was an English sculptor and poet who was one of the founder-members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was the only sculptor among the original members.

After participating in the foundation of the PRB, Woolner emigrated for a period to Australia. He returned to Britain to have a successful career as a sculptor, creating many important public works as well as memorials, tomb sculptures and narrative reliefs. He corresponded with many notable men of the day and also had some success as a poet and as an art dealer. One of his notable portrait medallions is that of the poet William Wordsworth in St Oswald's Church, Grasmere; Wordsworth is buried in the adjoining graveyard.
Battle of El Agheila
The Battle of El Agheila was a brief engagement of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. It took place in December 1942 between Allied forces of the Eighth Army (General Bernard Montgomery) and the Axis forces of the German-Italian Panzer Army (Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel), during the long Axis withdrawal from El Alamein to Tunis. The Eighth Army planned to outflank and trap the Axis forces as they withdrew to Tunis.

The Eighth Army plan was thwarted when a frontal attack by the British 7th Armoured Division was repulsed by an Italian rearguard action and the outflanking New Zealand units became dispersed in the desert. The engagement ended with the German-Italian Panzer Army withdrawing into Tripolitana towards Tunisia, where the Tunisia Campaign had begun with the Operation Torch the Allied invasion of French North Africa (8–16 November 1942).

El Alamein
El Alamein (Arabic: العلمين, romanized: al-ʿAlamayn, lit. 'the two flags', IPA: [elʕælæˈmeːn] ⓘ) is an Egyptian city in the northern Matrouh Governorate. Located on the Mediterranean Sea, it lies 106 kilometres (66 mi) west of Alexandria and 300 kilometres (186 mi) northwest of Cairo. The town is located on the site of the ancient city Antiphrai (Greek: Ἀντίφραι). The city is divided into three main areas: El Alamein, Sidi Abdel Rahman, and Tel El Eis village.

The city's economy is mainly based on its natural resources of petroleum, which is explored by several Egyptian companies, and the tourist areas where a number of luxury hotels and tourist resorts are located, such as the tourist town of Marina.
Circuit noise level
At any point in a transmission system, the ratio of the circuit noise at that point to an arbitrary level chosen as a reference.

The circuit noise level is usually expressed in dBrn0, signifying the reading of a circuit noise meter, or in dBa0, signifying circuit noise meter reading adjusted to represent an interfering effect under specified conditions.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Telecommunication circuit
A telecommunication circuit is a path in a telecommunications network used to transmit information. Circuits have evolved from generally being built on physical connections between individual hardware cables, as in an analog phone switch, to virtual circuits established over packet switching networks.
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu (born April 27, 1959) is a Nigerian professor of Agricultural engineering and Director General and Chief Executive Officer of the Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) of Nigeria from 2010 to his retirement in 2014.

Raw Materials Research and Development Council
The Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) is a federal government of Nigeria agency for research institutions that is responsible for industrial raw materials growth, promotion and utilization supervised by Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology. It has it head office at Maitama district Garki, Abuja. The current director-general is Prof. Martin Ike-muonso.
EMD NW5
The EMD NW5 is a 1,000 hp (750 kW) road switcher diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division of La Grange, Illinois between December 1946 and February 1947.

A total of 13 were produced, of which the majority (ten locomotives) went to the Great Northern Railway. A further two were delivered to the Union Belt of Detroit (though lettered "Fort Street Union Depot") as their #1 and #2, one of which is still in existence today at the Florida Gulf Coast Railroad Museum. The final locomotive was sold to the Southern Railway where it became #2100.

Kyle Railroad
The Kyle Railroad (reporting mark KYLE) is a regional railroad line that runs from North Central Kansas into Eastern Colorado.  It is based in Phillipsburg, Kansas and runs on 508 miles (818 km) of track, mostly the former Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad's Chicago to Denver main line.  The Kyle was owned by RailAmerica from 2002 to 2012. Genesee & Wyoming Inc. bought RailAmerica in late 2012. As of 2024, KYLE holds 508 total miles (89 in Colorado and 419 in Kansas), has a maximum capacity of 286,000 gross pounds per railcar. KYLE also has two interchanges with two railroads: BNSF at Courtland, Kansas and Concordia, Kansas, and Union Pacific at Limon, Colorado and Salina, Kansas.
1962 Aintree 200
The 7th Aintree 200 was a Formula One motor race held on 28 April 1962 at Aintree Circuit, Merseyside. The race was run over 50 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Jim Clark in a Lotus 24-Climax. Clark also set pole position and fastest lap. Bruce McLaren in a Cooper-Climax was second and Ferrari driver Phil Hill was third.

Cooper Car Company
The Cooper Car Company was a British car manufacturer founded in December 1947 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper.  Together with John's boyhood friend, Eric Brandon, they began by building racing cars in Charles's small garage in Surbiton, Surrey, England, in 1946. Through the 1950s and early 1960s they reached motor racing's highest levels as their mid-engined, single-seat cars competed in both Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and their Mini Cooper dominated rally racing.  The Cooper name lives on in the Cooper versions of the Mini production cars that are built in England, but is now owned and marketed by BMW.
Bigg Boss 3
Bigg Boss 3 is the third season of various versions of Bigg Boss (an Indian adaptation of the reality game show Big Brother):

Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 3)

Bigg Boss Kannada (season 3)

Bigg Boss (Tamil season 3)

Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)

Bigg Boss (Malayalam season 3)

Bigg Boss Marathi (season 3)

Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 3
Bigg Boss 3 is the third season of the Telugu-language version of the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss. It premiered on 21 July 2019 on Star Maa. Nagarjuna was the host of the season. Ramya Krishnan was guest host for Week 6 instead of Nagarjuna who was then in Spain for celebrating his 60th birthday.

The season concluded on 3 November 2019 after 105 days with Rahul Sipligunj winning the title along with ₹5,000,000 prize money while Sreemukhi emerged as the first runner-up.
Deaths in July 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2017.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference.

National Assembly (Kenya)
The National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya (formerly House of Representatives) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya. Between 1966 and 2013, it served as a unicameral house. In 2013 (11th Parliament), it became the lower house when the Senate was reestablished.

It has a total of 349 seats: 290 elected from the constituencies, 47 women elected from the counties and 12 nominated representatives. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya serves as an ex officio member.

The High Court of Kenya ordered lawmakers to introduce gender quotas, or face dissolution in the mid-2010s, following the implementation of the 2010 Constitution.
Shanti Mullick
Shanti Mullick is an Indian former women's footballer who played as a forward for the India women's national football team. Mullick is the first Indian women's footballer to receive the Arjuna Award, the second-highest Indian sports award.

India women's national football team
The India women's national football team represents India in women's international football and is governed by the All India Football Federation. Under the global jurisdiction of FIFA and governed in Asia by the AFC. India is also part of the South Asian Football Federation. The team was one of the best in Asia in the mid-1970s to early 1980s, when they became runners-up in the 1979 and the 1983 AFC Women's Asian Cup. The Indian women's national team is yet to participate in the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Olympic Games.
Dolores-Guayaquil Megashear
The Dolores-Guayaquil Megashear (Spanish: Megafalla Dolores-Guayaquil) is a first-order shear zone and fault zone in Northern South America. The megashear runs from the Gulf of Guayaquil in southwestern Ecuador, through Colombia, to Dolores in Venezuela.

Gulf of Guayaquil
The Gulf of Guayaquil is a large body of water of the Pacific Ocean in western South America. Its northern limit is the city of Santa Elena, in Ecuador, and its southern limit is Cabo Blanco, in Peru.

The gulf takes its name from the city of Guayaquil. Rivers of both Ecuador and Peru empty in the Gulf of Guayaquil, like the Guayas River, the Jubones River, the Zarumilla River and the Tumbes River.

A series of geological faults underlay the gulf. Various of these faults continue across mainland Ecuador. The main faults of the gulf are NNE-SSW oriented and are of mixed strike-slip and reverse type with dextral movement. These faults may generate dangerous earthquakes.
L.A.S.E.R. Tag
L.A.S.E.R. Tag is an open-source new media art system created by the Graffiti Research Lab (GRL) that allows users to draw on building facades with a laser pointer; the marks are tracked by computer vision software and projected back onto the structure at large scale. Evan Roth and James Powderly developed the hardware setup while Theodore Watson wrote the software, all three working as fellows at Eyebeam OpenLab in New York City. It debuted publicly in Rotterdam in February 2007 and went on to be exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and Tate Modern, among other venues.

OpenFrameworks
openFrameworks is an open-source toolkit designed for creative coding founded by Zachary Lieberman, Theo Watson and Arturo Castro. OpenFrameworks is written in C++ and built on top of OpenGL. It runs on Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android and Emscripten. It is maintained by its founders with contributions by other members of the openFrameworks community.
Jacques Vanneste
Jacques Vanneste is a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, whose main research area is fluid dynamics.

His particular research interest is in analytic methods for handling systems with dynamics on two distinct time or length scales. This is relevant, for example, for the interaction between weather and ocean circulation, where fast inertial waves can be generated by slow underlying flows; see for example his work on the tropopause, and his most-cited paper. He is also interested in the dynamics of stirring.

Tropopause
The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary that demarcates the lowest two layers of the atmosphere of Earth – the troposphere and stratosphere – which occurs approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) above the equatorial regions, and approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) above the polar regions.
Tuggeranong Vikings
The Tuggeranong Vikings are a rugby union club based in Tuggeranong, Australian Capital Territory. It is supported by 4 licensed clubs based in Wanniassa, Greenway, Conder, Chisholm. The club has been successful in local and national competitions.

The Tuggeranong Vikings were the premiers of the ACTRU Premier Division competition in the 2009 season, defeating the Queanbeyan Whites.

Wanniassa
Wanniassa (/ˈwɒnɪæsə/) is a suburb in Australia's capital, Canberra: more specifically, in the city's southern district of Tuggeranong. The suburb takes its name from a pastoral property granted to Thomas McQuoid in 1835, which he named after Wanayasa in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia, where McQuoid had previously owned property. Streets are named after Victorian state politicians and the suburb was gazetted on 21 May 1974.

It is next to the suburbs of Kambah, Greenway, Oxley, Monash, Gowrie and Fadden. It is bounded by Athllon Drive, Sulwood Drive, Erindale Drive and Taverner Street.
Greene Township, Worth County, Missouri
Greene Township is a township in Worth County, Missouri, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 112. The hamlet of Oxford existed in its center and the West Fork Grand River runs southerly through the middle of the township. It contains 49 sections with 7 being fractional.

Greene Township is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene.

Oxford, Missouri
Oxford is an unincorporated community in southwest Worth County, Missouri, United States.

Oxford is located on Missouri Route U approximately eight miles southwest of Grant City and five miles west of Worth. Parnell in adjacent Nodaway County is about four miles to the west. The Grand River flows past one mile west of the community. Only a cemetery remains where Oxford once was.

Old variant names were "West Point" and "Rose Hill". A post office called Oxford was established in 1861, and remained in operation until 1905. The present name is taken from Oxford, England. The population in the 1870s was about 150.
Tetanolita negalis
Tetanolita negalis is a litter moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1912. It is found in the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona in the United States.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
Office Monkey
Office Monkey was a British hidden camera comedy game show programme that aired on ITV2 for two series from 2003 to 2005. Series 1 was presented by Steve Jones and series 2 was voiced over by Steve McKenna. In each episode, two people are challenged to perform silly comic dares in an office of unsuspecting people recorded by hidden cameras. The only other person in on the joke is the managing director, who watches the "office monkeys" perform and then decides which of them wins.

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
Upperville United Methodist Church
Upperville United Methodist Church is a historic church in Upperville, Virginia, United States, on Delaplane Grade Road, just off U.S. Route 50. The single-room church is a brick structure built in 1832, with 15-foot-high windows on its side. During the Civil War, it was used as a hospital, as were many other local churches. Originally, the church had a slave balcony wrapping around its whole length, but the balcony was destroyed during the war to use for firewood, and was later partially rebuilt. The cornerstone near the top of the building reads "METHODIST E. CHURCH. DEDICATED NOVEMBER 3, 1833."

The church is part of the Upperville Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Upperville, Virginia
Upperville is a small unincorporated village in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States, along U.S. Route 50, fifty miles from downtown Washington, D.C. and near the Loudoun County line. Founded in the 1790s along Pantherskin Creek, it was originally named Carrstown by first settler Josephus Carr. Through an 1819 act passed by the Virginia General Assembly, the name was changed to Upperville.

John Updike wrote of Upperville in his sardonic 1961 poem "Upon Learning That a Town Exists Called Upperville".
Andrew Quick (MP)
Andrew Quick (1666-1736), of Newton St. Cyres, Devon, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Ashburton (30 March 1711 - 1713) and for Grampound (1713–1715).

Grampound (UK Parliament constituency)
50°17′53″N 4°54′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.298°N 4.900°W﻿ / 50.298; -4.900

Grampound in Cornwall was a borough constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1826. It was represented by two Members of Parliament.
This Time (Melanie Fiona song)
"This Time" is a song by Canadian R&B singer Melanie Fiona from her second studio album, The MF Life (2012). The song was produced by No I.D., written by Ernest Wilson, Johnta Austin, Steve Wyreman, Kevin Randolph, J. Cole. The song features vocals from American hip hop recording artist and record producer J. Cole.

The MF Life
The MF Life is the second studio album by Canadian recording artist Melanie Fiona, released March 20, 2012, on Street Records Corporation, Title 9 Productions and Universal Republic Records. Production was handled by several record producers, including No I.D., Salaam Remi, Andrea Martin, Rico Love, Los Da Mystro and T-Pain, among others. Its music expands on the traditional R&B influences of Fiona's 2009 debut album, The Bridge, and its songs deal with themes of aggrievement, longing, and romantic triumph.

The album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200, selling 34,000 copies in its first week. It produced three singles, including the R&B hit "4 AM". Upon its release, The MF Life received generally positive reviews from music critics, who commended its production, songwriting and Fiona's vocals. Fiona promoted it with a national tour throughout March 2012. As of May 2012, the album has sold 69,500 copies in the United States.