hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chats, California
Chats (also, Chat) is a former settlement in Lassen County, California. It was located on the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway 2 miles (3.2 km) east-southeast of Beckwourth Pass and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Summit, at an elevation of 4810 feet (1466 m). Chats still appeared on maps as of 1894.

The Chat post office operated from 1885 to 1894, and from 1896 to 1900. The name is of Native American origin.

Lassen County, California
Lassen County (/ˈlæsən/ ⓘ LASS-ən) is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730, and was estimated to be 28,340 in 2024, Its county seat and the largest city is Susanville.

Lassen County comprises the Susanville, California micropolitan statistical area. A former farming, mining, and lumber area, its economy now depends on employment at one federal and two state prisons; the former in Herlong and the latter two in Susanville. In 2007, half the adults in Susanville worked in one of the facilities.
Hunstanton Park Esker
Hunstanton Park Esker is a 17.3-hectare (43-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Hunstanton in Norfolk, England. The esker extends 1.5 km from north
of Ringstead Downs to Hunstanton Hall. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This is a 1.5-kilometre (1-mile) esker, a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel dating to the glacial Devensian period, between 115,000 and 11,700 years ago. This is an uncommon landform in central and southern England.

It is private land and there is no public access.

Esker
An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an asar, osar, or serpent kame, is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. They are most often formed by the deposition of sediment at the bottom of ice-walled channels within or beneath a former glacier. As a glacier retreats, the channel walls melt while the accumulated sediment remains, slumping into ridges as the only remaining evidence of the former channel path. They represent an unusual form of sedimentation where the location of the former channel is higher than the surrounding landform. Eskers are frequently several kilometres long and, because of their uniform shape, look like railway embankments.
2006 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament
The 2006 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament was held at Brooks Field in Wilmington, North Carolina, from May 24 through 28.  The event determined the champion of the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2006 season.  Fifth-seeded UNC Wilmington won the tournament for the second time and earned the CAA's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Entering the event, former member East Carolina had won the most championships, with seven.  Among active members, Old Dominion and VCU led with three titles while George Mason had won twice and UNC Wilmington and William & Mary had each won once.

Brooks Field (Wilmington)
Brooks Field is a baseball stadium located on the campus of the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Wilmington, North Carolina. Brooks Field is the home of the UNC Wilmington Seahawks baseball team and has hosted the Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament a number of times (1989–90, 1993, 2004–11, 2014, 2017). The ballpark has a capacity of 3,500 people and first opened in 1989. In 2014 UNCW broke the 2009 record attendance of 3,608 (vs North Carolina) with 3,826 people (vs. #1 Virginia).
WPHY-CD
WPHY-CD (channel 25) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Trenton, New Jersey, United States, serving the Philadelphia area. It is owned by WRNN-TV Associates alongside Princeton, New Jersey–licensed Shop LC affiliate WMCN-TV (channel 44) and Willow Grove, Pennsylvania–licensed WTVE (channel 51). WPHY-CD and WTVE share studios on East State Street in Trenton; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WPHY-CD's spectrum from an antenna in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia (Trenton is part of the Philadelphia television market).

Willow Grove, Pennsylvania
Willow Grove is a census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. A community in Philadelphia's northern suburbs, the population was 13,730 at the 2020 census. It is located in Abington Township and Upper Moreland Township. Willow Grove was once known for Willow Grove Park, an amusement park that was open from 1896 to 1976, now the site of Willow Grove Park Mall. Willow Grove is considered an edge city of Philadelphia, with large amounts of retail and office space.

Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove was located northwest of the Willow Grove CDP in Horsham Township. NAS JRB Willow Grove transitioned into Horsham Air National Guard Station in September 2011.

Willow Grove is located 37 miles (60 km) southeast of Allentown and 13 miles (21 km) north of Philadelphia.
Poetry Out Loud
The Poetry Out Loud Recitation Contest was created in 2006 by the National Endowment for the Arts under chairman Dana Gioia and The Poetry Foundation.  The contest seeks to promote the art of performing poetry, by awarding cash prizes to participating schools. It includes representatives from the fifty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Recitation
A recitation in a general sense is the act of reciting from memory, or a formal reading of verse or other writing before an audience.

Public recitation is the act of reciting a work of writing before an audience.
Ari Saarinen
Ari Saarinen (born November 26, 1967) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey left winger.

Saarinen played a total of 320 games in the SM-liiga for Ässät and SaiPa between 1993 and 1999. He also played in the Élite Ligue for Anglet Hormadi Élite in the 1999-00 season and the Austrian Hockey League for EHC Lustenau from 2000 to 2002.

Ligue Magnus
The Ligue Magnus, currently known as Synerglace Ligue Magnus for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's division of the French ice hockey pyramid, established in 1906. The league operated under a variety of names before taking that of its championship trophy, the Magnus Cup, in 2004. The trophy was in turn named for Frenchman and IIHF founder Louis Magnus.

Teams from the Ligue Magnus can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL), competing for the European Trophy. Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the Eurasian Kontinental Hockey League). Going into the 2022–23 CHL season, the Ligue Magnus was ranked the No. 9 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top team to compete in the CHL.
Lê Văn Khôi
Lê Văn Khôi (chữ Hán: 黎文𠐤; died 1834) was the adopted son of the Vietnamese general Lê Văn Duyệt. He led the 1833–1835 Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng, but died in 1834.

As Duyệt was being prosecuted and his relatives condemned, Khôi had been imprisoned, but managed to escape on 10 May 1833. Soon, numerous people joined his revolt, in the desire to avenge Duyệt and challenge the legitimacy of the Nguyễn dynasty. Khôi fortified himself into the Citadel of Saigon and asked for the help of the Siamese.

Khôi died in December 1834 during the siege and was succeeded by his 8-year-old son Lê Văn Cù. The Citadel fell in September 1835, and Cù was tortured and executed, together with the French missionary Joseph Marchand.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
J.H. Filbert
J.H. Filbert, Inc. was a company based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States that produced margarine and butter substitute products, including Mrs. Filbert's Margarine and I Can't Believe It's Not Butter!.

The company was founded by John H. Filbert, who died in 1917.  His widow, Martha V. Filbert (and the namesake for Mrs. Filbert's Margarine) then took over as president, and served in that role for over thirty years, until her death in 1954.

In 1972, Central Soya acquired the privately owned company, which at that time had reached annual sales of $63 million and was the largest privately owned manufacturer in Baltimore.   In 1979, Filbert invented I Can't Believe It's Not Butter! and began marketing it in 1981.

Unilever acquired Filbert in 1986 for $23 million in order to add East Coast U.S. manufacturing capacity.  It continues to market some Filbert-created products.

Bunge Global
Bunge Global SA (BUN-ghee) is a global agribusiness and food company, incorporated in Geneva, Switzerland and headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, United States.

As well as being an international soybean exporter, it is also involved in food processing, grain trading, and fertilizer. It competes with Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus. The company has approximately 23,000 employees in 40 countries.
Anca Boagiu
Anca-Daniela Boagiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈaŋka ˈbo̯ad͡ʒju]; born November 30, 1968) is a Romanian engineer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), she was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from 2000 to 2008 and has sat in the Romanian Senate, also for Bucharest, since 2008. In the Mugur Isărescu cabinet, she served as Minister of Transport in 2000; in the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet, she was Minister of European Integration from 2005 to 2007; and in the Emil Boc cabinet, she was again Transport Minister from 2010 to 2012.

Mugur Isărescu
Constantin Mugur Isărescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmuɡur isəˈresku]; born 1 August 1949) is the governor of the National Bank of Romania, a position he has been holding since September 1990, with the sole exception of a period of time of one year (22 December 1999 to 28 December 2000), during which he served as Prime Minister of Romania. In addition, he is also a member of the Romanian Academy. Isărescu is a member of The Trilateral Commission.
Pingvin Rocks
Pingvin Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Пингвин, ‘Skali Pingvin’ \ska-'li ping-'vin\) is the group of rocks in Morton Strait off the northeast coast of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 670 m in west–east direction and 300 m in south–north direction.  The area was visited by early 19th-century sealers.

The rocks are “named after the ocean fishing trawler Pingvin of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.” "Pingvin" means "penguin" in Bulgarian.

Snow Island (South Shetland Islands)
Snow Island or Isla Nevada is a completely ice-covered island, 16 by 8 kilometres (9.9 by 5.0 mi) in size, lying 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands. Surface area is 120.4 square kilometres (46.5 sq mi).  This island was known to both American and British sealers as early as 1820, and the name has been well established in international usage for over 100 years.
Chimp Haven
Chimp Haven is a non-profit sanctuary for more than 300 chimpanzees retired from laboratory research. The 200-acre (81 ha) sanctuary is located in Eddie D. Jones Nature Park in Keithville, Louisiana, approximately 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Shreveport.

Keithville, Louisiana
Keithville is an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies to the south of Shreveport along U.S. Route 171. Although unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 71047.
Wood branding
Branding is an easy and economical way to permanently mark anything that burns (wood, leather, plastic, rubber, cork, food, soap, wax, etc). This is done by either a fire-heated tool or an electrically-heated tool, which is pressed onto the object, leaving behind a mark with the shape of the impressed tool.

The act or art of marking/engraving wood by branding with a heated tool is associated with pyrogravure.

The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns that, “Breathing these particles may cause allergic respiratory symptoms, mucosal and non-allergic respiratory symptoms, and cancer.”

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Fanny Gates
Fanny Cook Gates (26 April 1872 – 24 February 1931) was an American physicist, an American Physical Society fellow and American Mathematical Society member. She made contributions to the research of radioactive materials, determining that radioactivity could not be destroyed by heat or ionization due to chemical reactions, and that radioactive materials differ from phosphorescent materials both qualitatively and quantitatively. More specifically, Gates showed that the emission of blue light from quinine was temperature dependent, providing evidence that the emitted light is produced from phosphorescence rather than radioactive decay. She also served as head of the physics department at Goucher, professor of physics and dean of women at Grinnell College, and the dean of women at the University of Illinois.

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Ourisia polyantha
Ourisia polyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to the Andes mountains of central Chile. Eduard Poeppig and Stephan Endlicher described O. polyantha in 1835. Plants of this species of South American foxglove are small, showy, perennial, many-branched and suffruticose with entire, decussate leaves. The flowers are solitary, with a regular calyx, and a regular corolla. The calyx has tiny glandular hairs, and the corolla tube is red, but yellow and glabrous inside.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Stefan Borsch
Stefan Henrik Borsch (born 19 January 1947) is a Swedish singer, songwriter and musician.

At first, he sang for Swedish dansband Öijwinds, and from 1973 for the dansband Vikingarna, which he left in 1979. After this, he began a solo career. He participated at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1985 with the song "Sjung din sång", which was knocked out in the first round. In parallel to his solo albums he also sang with Anders Engbergs until 1988. The upcoming year he began appearing together with Spotlight, later appearing under the name Stefan Borsch orkester releasing albums until the 1993 band breakup. Between 11 February 1995 and 4 December 1999 he was a member of Keith Elwins orkester. before ending his musical career in 1999.

On 3 July 2004, he made an appearance in the Arvika Park together with Vikingarna during the band's final appearance.

Songs recorded by him include Vid en liten fiskehamn and Den lilla fågeln.

Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985
Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song "Bra vibrationer", composed by Lasse Holm, with lyrics by Ingela Forsman, and performed by Kikki Danielsson. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1985. In addition, SVT was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, after winning the previous edition with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" by Herreys.

In order to save money for the staging of the Eurovision Song Contest itself, Melodifestivalen1985 was a reduced version of the competition. Of the ten entries, five went through to a second round, which was won by the song "Bra vibrationer", written by Lasse Holm and Ingela "Pling" Forsman and sung by Kikki Danielsson. Kikki had already represented Sweden three years earlier, as part of the pop group Chips. The other half, Elisabeth Andreassen, went to win for Norway, alongside the group Bobbysocks.
From Where???
From Where??? is the debut studio album by American hip hop artist Mad Skillz. It was released on February 13, 1996, via Big Beat/Atlantic Records. It was produced by Mad Skillz, Buckwild, Shawn J. Period, J Dilla, DJ Clark Kent, EZ Elpee, Large Professor, Nick Wiz, and the Beatnuts, with Rob "Reef" Tewlow serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Kalonji the Immortal, Dr. Mindbenda, Javon the Medieval, Large Professor, Lil' Roc, Lonnie B and Q-Tip. The album peaked at number 154 on the Billboard 200, number 18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 5 on the Heatseekers Albums chart in the United States.

The album was praised for its strong lyrical content and production, however, suffered from low sales, possibly due to being released the same day as 2Pac's All Eyez on Me and the Fugees's The Score. The singles "The Nod Factor" and "Move Ya Body" received moderate radio and video airplay.

The Beatnuts
The Beatnuts is an American hip hop group and production duo from New York City. Its current members are JuJu and Psycho Les. JuJu (born Jerry Tineo on December 14, 1968) is a Dominican American from Corona and Psycho Les (born Lester Fernandez on April 10, 1970) is a Colombian American from Jackson Heights, Queens. Although only peripheral members, they are routinely acknowledged by Q-Tip as being members of Native Tongues. The Beatnuts were originally a trio before Fashion (born Berntony Smalls on January 13, 1970), now known as Al' Tariq, left the group to start a solo career. V.I.C. (Groove Merchantz, Ghetto Pros) was also a member of The Beatnuts' production team for a while.
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Building
The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Building, also known as the Northern Implement Company and the American Trio Building, is a warehouse building in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.  PPG Industries of Pittsburgh constructed the structure.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Big Rideau Lake
Big Rideau Lake is a lake in the municipalities of Tay Valley and Drummond/North Elmsley, Lanark County and Rideau Lakes, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is on the border between the two counties, 72 kilometres (45 mi) to the southwest of Ottawa. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) long and is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) wide, is much narrower at its northeastern end than at its southwestern end, and is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin. It is the largest lake on the Rideau Canal, which was designated a UNESCO world heritage site in 2007.

Tay Valley
Tay Valley is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada, on the Tay River in the southwest corner of Lanark County, adjacent to the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and Frontenac County.  The township administrative offices are located in Glen Tay.
Charles Adamson
Charles Adamson is the name of:

Charles Adamson (sculptor) (1880–1959), Scottish-Canadian sculptor

Charles Lodge Adamson (1906–1979), English cricketer

Chuck Adamson (ice hockey) (born 1938), ice hockey goaltender

Charlie Adamson (1875–1918), English rugby union player

Chuck Adamson (1936–2008), police officer turned screenwriter

Charles Adamson (sculptor)
Charles Adamson (1880 — 13 February 1959) was a Scottish-born Canadian sculptor.

Adamson was born in Dundee, Scotland. He served in the Corps of Canadian Railway Troops in World War I. His army record shows that he was married with six children and living in Toronto when he enlisted in 1917.

He created the sculptures for the tower which was added in 1932 to the Whitney Block government building in Toronto. At the top of the tower there are four female "guardians", while at mid-height there are eight male figures representing occupations: a judge and a professor on the east, a labourer and a miner on the north, a farmer and a lumberjack on the west, and a businessman and a doctor, plus a small boy looking up at the doctor, on the south. He also created the bronze soldier and stone lions for the Sons of England War Memorial in Toronto, on University Avenue at Elm Street.

His bust of Scottish painter William Bradley Lamond is held in the collection of the McManus Gallery in Dundee.
Vet Barnes
Ed "Vet" Barnes, also listed as Sam Barnes, (December 23, 1911 – May 13, 1974) was an American professional baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Kansas City Monarchs in 1937 and 1938.

Barnes was born on December 23, 1911, in Silver Creek, Mississippi. He died on May 13, 1974 in Vallejo, California at the age of 62.

Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. After relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, the team was disbanded in 1965.