hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1921 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1921.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Detention of Rümeysa Öztürk
On March 25, 2025, following the revocation of her F-1 student visa, 30-year-old Turkish national and Tufts University student Rümeysa Öztürk was arrested by six masked plainclothes agents from the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Somerville, Massachusetts, before eventually being held in the South Louisiana ICE Processing Center.

Öztürk's arrest sparked condemnation from elected officials and others. Some accused the Trump administration of targeting students for their political views without due process, while others called it a violation of civil liberties. The incident also provoked protests at Tufts University and across Massachusetts.

On May 9, Öztürk was released pending final decision on her legal case over her detention.

Covert operation
A covert operation, clandestine operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.: 5–6
Loss (surname)
Loss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Loss, Swiss theoretical physicist

Joe Loss (1909–1990), founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra

Louis Loss (1914 –1997), American legal scholar

Michael Loss (born 1954), mathematician and mathematical physicist

Osmar Loss (born 1975), Brazilian professional football manager

Michael Loss
Michael Loss (born 1954) is a mathematician and mathematical physicist who works as a professor of mathematics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Loss obtained his Ph.D. in 1982 from the ETH Zurich, with a dissertation on the three-body problem jointly supervised by Walter Hunziker and Israel Michael Sigal.

He coauthors the graduate textbook Analysis (Graduate Studies in Mathematics 14. American Mathematical Society, 1997; 2nd ed., 2001) with Elliott H. Lieb.

In 2012, he became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society, and was elected as a Foreign Corresponding Member of the Chilean Academy of Sciences. He is one of the 2015 winners of the Humboldt Prize.
Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission
The Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission (UPSSSC) is a government body of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, authorized to conduct  examinations for appointments to various Group C and Group D posts under the Government of Uttar Pradesh. The Uttar Pradesh Subordinate Services Selection Commission was constituted under the provisions of the U.P. Subordinate Services Selection Commission Act 2014 (often shortened to UPSSSC Act 2014). The current commission was formed after it was recognised that there was a need for a recruitment drive to attract people to Group C and Group D positions.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Devada
Devada is a suburb in Visakhapatnam City, India. It falls under the jurisdiction Pedagantyada mandal of Visakhapatnam Dist and a part of GVMC. It is a part of Pendurthi assembly constituency. It is near the Simhadri Super Thermal Power Station and Vizag Thermal Power Station.

Vizag Thermal Power Station
Hinduja National Thermal Power Station, Vizag is a coal-based thermal power plant located in Palavalasa village in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. The power plant is owned by Hinduja National Power Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Hinduja Group.

The power plant is located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal and it uses sea water for cooling purpose.
Mitchell Petroglyph Archeological Site
Mitchell Petroglyph Archeological Site, also known as the Missouri Archeological Survey Number 23RN1 , is a historic archaeological site located near Cairo, Randolph County, Missouri. The site was documented during 1944, and includes petroglyphs identified as a full-tailed thunderbird, a large human-like figure and several thunderbirds, male and female sexual motifs, and shaman or human-like spirit.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Victor Cicero Kays
Victor Cicero Kays (July 7, 1882 – January 20, 1966) was an American educator, coach and the founding president of Arkansas State University, originally known as the First District State Agricultural School of Arkansas. Kays was the driving force behind the conversion of a regional agricultural training school in Jonesboro, Arkansas into a four-year university. The transformation was successful even through the country's battle with The Great Depression and two world wars.

Arkansas State University
Arkansas State University (A-State or ASU) is a public research university in Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States. It is the flagship campus of the Arkansas State University System and the second-largest university in the state. The university was founded in 1909 and is located atop 1,376 acres (557 hectares) on Crowley's Ridge.

Arkansas State University is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
USS Point Defiance
USS Point Defiance (LSD-31) was a Thomaston-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy. She was named for Point Defiance, a location in Pierce County, Washington, the site of a military reservation established by the U.S. Government in 1866. She was the second ship assigned that name. The construction of the first ship, Casa Grande-class dock landing ship Point Defiance (LSD-23), was canceled on 17 August 1945.

Point Defiance (LSD–31) was laid down on 23 November 1953 by Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, Miss.; launched on 28 September 1954, sponsored by Mrs. Arthur D. Struble; and commissioned on 31 March 1955.

Ingalls Shipbuilding
Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.
Djehuty (general)
Djehuty (also known as Thuti and Thutii) was a general under the ancient Egyptian king Thutmose III (reigned 1479–1425 BC) in the 18th Dynasty. He is known as the main hero of the tale of "The Taking of Joppa". Djehuty bears the titles king's scribe, overseer of troops (general) and overseer of the northern foreign countries in contemporary Egyptian records.

Reign
A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Andorra), of a people (e.g., the Franks, the Zulus) or of a spiritual community (e.g., Catholicism, Tibetan Buddhism, Nizari Ismailism). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies (e.g., Holy Roman Empire) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed.

In elective monarchies, there may be a fixed period of time for the duration of the monarch's tenure in office (e.g., Malaysia).

The term of a reign can be indicated with the abbreviation "r." (for Latin rexit) after a sovereign's name, such as the following:

George VI, King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (r. 1936–1952).
B61 and B62 buses
The Crosstown Line is a public transit line in Brooklyn, New York City, running along Van Brunt Street and Manhattan Avenue between Red Hook and Long Island City, Queens. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the B61 and the B62 bus routes. The northern section, the B62, is operated by MTA New York City Bus' Grand Avenue Depot in Maspeth, Queens, and the southern section is the B61, operated by MTA New York City Bus' Jackie Gleason Depot in Sunset Park. The entire route was a single line, the B61, until January 3, 2010; the B62 was previously a separate, parallel route between Downtown Brooklyn and Greenpoint, now part of the B43 route. The streetcar line, B61 and the original B62 previously operated from the now-closed Crosstown Depot in Greenpoint.

Pulaski Bridge
The Pulaski Bridge in New York City connects Long Island City in Queens to Greenpoint in Brooklyn over Newtown Creek.  It was named after Polish military commander and American Revolutionary War fighter Casimir Pulaski in homage to the large Polish-American population in Greenpoint. It connects 11th Street in Queens to McGuinness Boulevard (formerly Oakland Street) in Brooklyn.
Ink cartridge
An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a component of an inkjet printer that contains ink to be deposited onto paper during printing. It consists of one or more ink reservoirs and can include electronic contacts and a chip to exchange information with the printer.

Brother Industries
Brother Industries, Ltd. (stylized in lowercase) (Japanese: ブラザー工業株式会社, Hepburn: Burazā Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational electronics and electrical equipment company headquartered in Nagoya, Japan. Its products include printers, multifunction printers, desktop computers, consumer and industrial sewing machines, large machine tools, label printers, typewriters, fax machines, and other computer-related electronics. Brother distributes its products both under its own name and under OEM agreements with other companies.
Ryukyuan languages
The Ryukyuan languages (琉球語派, Ryūkyū-goha; also 琉球諸語, Ryūkyū-shogo or 島言葉 in Ryukyuan, Shima kotoba, literally "Island Speech"), also Lewchewan or Luchuan (/luː.ˈtʃuː.ən/), are the indigenous languages of the Ryukyu Islands, the southernmost part of the Japanese archipelago. Along with the Japanese language and the Hachijō language, they make up the Japonic language family.

Just as among Japanese dialects, which can have low mutual intelligibility, the Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese languages are not mutually intelligible. It is not known how many speakers of these languages remain, but language shift toward the use of Standard Japanese and dialects like Okinawan Japanese has resulted in these languages becoming endangered; UNESCO labels four of the languages "definitely endangered" and two others "severely endangered".

Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire.

Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge.
Czarnogłowy
Czarnogłowy [t͡ʂarnɔˈɡwɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przybiernów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Przybiernów, 25 km (16 mi) north of Goleniów, and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

In the 960s the area became part of Poland after Mieszko I defeated the local Slavic tribes. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Iranian capital relocation
Iranian capital relocation refers to a 2025 proposal issued by Masoud Pezeshkian to the Iranian government that began discussing changing the capital city from Tehran to Makran and Chabahar. This decision, aimed at addressing Tehran’s overpopulation, water scarcity, power shortages, and other ecological pressures, was officially declared by government spokeswoman Fatemeh Mohajerani on January 8, 2025. The government has formed two councils to examine the feasibility of the move and develop a sea-based economy in the Makran region.

It is expected to cost between $77 and $100 billion US Dollars to complete.

In April 2025, the Deputy Minister of Roads and Urban Development announced the start of studies on 27 zones identified for the possible creation of coastal settlements in southern Iran, saying, "It is not yet clear how many new cities will be created in these 27 zones, and the consultants must announce what population these zones can accommodate."

Fatemeh Mohajerani
Fatemeh Mohajerani (Persian: فاطمه مهاجرانی; born 1 August 1970) is an Iranian politician and current spokesperson of the Iranian Government. She is the first female spokesperson who was appointed to this office.
Central African Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Central African Republic competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's ninth appearance at the Olympics, excluding three games after its national debut in 1968.

Comité National Olympique et Sportif Centrafricain sent the nation's largest delegation in its Olympic history, after the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. 6 athletes, an equal share between men and women, were selected to the team, competing only in athletics, taekwondo, swimming, and wrestling (the last two sports marked its Olympic debut in London). Sprinter Berenger Aymard Bosse, who advanced past the first round for the first time in the men's event, became the only athlete to compete at his second Olympics. Taekwondo jin David Boui, on the other hand, was appointed by the committee to be the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Central African Republic, however, has yet to win its first Olympic medal.

David Boui
David Sylvère Patrick Boui (born 28 June 1988, in Bangui) is a Central African Republican taekwondo practitioner. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's –68 kg competition and lost to silver medalist Mohammad Bagheri Motamed of Iran in the first round and to Afghan bronze medalist Rohullah Nikpai in the repechage.  At the 2016 Olympics, he lost to Lee Dae-hoon in the first round.
2016–17 Håndboldligaen
The 2016–17 Håndboldligaen, known as the 888ligaen for sponsorship reasons, is the 81st season of the Håndboldligaen, Denmark's premier Handball league. The promoted teams from the 1st Division were Randers HH and TM Tønder.

Aalborg Håndbold won the title after beating Skjern Håndbold in the final over two matches, 26:26 at home and 32:25 away. Randers HH was relegated after finishing last in the regular season.

Danish 1st Division (handball)
1st Division is the name of the second highest handball league for both genders. The top-ranking teams each wins promotion to Damehåndboldligaen and Danish Handball League, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Divisions. The men's division consists of 14 teams that meet each opponent once away and once at home, while the women's division consists of 12 teams.
Here (Nicolay album)
Here is a studio album by Dutch record producer Nicolay, one half of the duo The Foreign Exchange. It was released on BBE in 2006. It features guest appearances from Darien Brockington, Black Spade, Wiz Khalifa, Yahzarah, Kay, and Sy Smith.

Little Brother (group)
Little Brother were an American hip-hop duo from Durham, North Carolina, that consists of rappers Phonte and Big Pooh. DJ and producer 9th Wonder was an original member of the group but departed in 2007. The group has produced five acclaimed studio albums and six mixtapes. Little Brother is highly regarded among hip-hop fans and critics.
Implied freedom of political communication
At the  Federal level in Australia, there is no explicitly stated protection for freedom of expression in legislation nor the Australian Constitution. Instead, the Constitution implies a freedom of political communication through an interpretation of Section 7 and Section 24. The principle was established by  High Court rulings in 1992.

The implied freedom of political communication serves as a negative right, since it restricts the legislative power of Commonwealth and State parliaments.

The McCloy v New South Wales case refined a  proportionality  test, for assessing a law's compatibility with the implied freedom of political communication.

Test (law)
In law, a test is a commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of jurisprudence. In the context of a trial, a hearing, discovery, or other kinds of legal proceedings, the resolution of certain questions of fact or law may hinge on the application of one or more legal tests.

Tests are often formulated from the logical analysis of a judicial decision or a court order where it appears that a finder of fact or the court made a particular decision after contemplating a well-defined set of circumstances. It is assumed that evaluating any given set of circumstances under a legal test will lead to an unambiguous and repeatable result.
United States Senate inquiry into the tax-exempt status of religious organizations
The United States Senate inquiry into the tax-exempt status of religious organizations was an investigation of six 501(c) religious organizations conducted by the United States Senate Committee on Finance lasting from 2007 until 2011.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Adventurous Knights
Adventurous Knights is a 1935 American comedy adventure film directed by Charles E. Roberts and starring  David Sharpe, Gertrude Messinger and Mary Kornman. It was parody reworking of The Prisoner of Zenda. It was intended to be the first of six films featuring former Our Gang actors produced for Poverty Row studio  Ajax Pictures, but only this and Roaring Roads were ever made.

The Prisoner of Zenda
The Prisoner of Zenda is an 1894 adventure novel by Anthony Hope, in which the King of Ruritania is drugged on the eve of his coronation and thus is unable to attend the ceremony. Political forces within the realm are such that, in order for the king to retain the crown, his coronation must proceed. Fortuitously, an English gentleman on holiday in Ruritania who resembles the monarch is persuaded to act as his political decoy in an effort to save the unstable political situation of the interregnum.

A sequel, Rupert of Hentzau, was published in 1898 and is included in some editions of The Prisoner of Zenda. The popularity of the novels inspired the Ruritanian romance genre of literature, film, and theatre that features stories set in a fictional country, usually in Central or Eastern Europe, for example Graustark from the novels of George Barr McCutcheon, and the neighbouring countries of Syldavia and Borduria in the Tintin comics.
Lise Vidal
Lise Vidal (24 November 1977 – 3 July 2021) was a French windsurfer. She competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing ninth in the Women's Mistral One Design event.

She died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 43.

Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's Mistral One Design
The Women's Mistral One Design Class was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics program in Sydney. Eleven races were scheduled and completed. 29 sailors, on 29 sailboards, from 29 nations competed.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016 to elect the five U.S. representatives from the state of Connecticut, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 9.

John B. Larson
John Barry Larson (born July 22, 1948) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. representative for Connecticut's 1st congressional district since 1999. The district is based in the state capital, Hartford. A member of the Democratic Party, Larson chaired the House Democratic Caucus during the 111th and 112th United States Congress.