hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yukamensky District
Yukamensky District (Russian: Юка́менский райо́н; Udmurt: Юкаменск ёрос, Jukamensk joros) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is 1,019.7 square kilometers (393.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yukamenskoye. Population: 10,207 (2010 Census); 11,947 (2002 Census); 13,172 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yukamenskoye accounts for 40.2% of the district's total population.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Qobul Tursunov
Qobul Beknazarovich Tursunov (born 1964, Navoiy District, Uzbek SSR, SSSR) is an Uzbek economist and statesman. Governor of Nurota District and chairman of budget and the chairman of the Committee on Budget and Economic Reforms of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis. From December 25, 2016 to 2021, he worked as the governor of Navoi region. In 2015, he was elected to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the III convocation.

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
Richard Andrews (soldier)
Richard Andrews (1800-1835) was a Texian merchant and soldier who was the first killed in action casualty of the Texas Revolution during the Battle of Concepción on October 28, 1835. He is a folk hero (the "Nathan Hale of Texas") for his purported final words "I am a dead man, but don't let the other boys know it. Tell them to conquer or die."

He is purportedly also the first wounded in action casualty of the war at the Battle of Gonzales on October 2, 1835. However, Samuel McCulloch Jr. is considered by some historians to be the first at the Battle of Goliad on October 10, 1835.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
John Greene (Illinois politician)
John Greene was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Greene County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

He died on February 3, 1843, while in office.

13th Illinois General Assembly
The 13th Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from December 5, 1842, to March 6, 1843 (1st session).

The 13th General Assembly was preceded by the 12th Illinois General Assembly, and was succeeded by the 14th Illinois General Assembly.

On January 14, 1841, during the 12th Illinois General Assembly, the ratio of population per Senate seat was fixed at 12,000, and for Representatives at 4,000 resulting in a Senate of forty-one members and a House of one hundred twenty-one members. This arrangement lasted until February 25, 1847, when a new apportionment was made.
Mokry Dwór, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Mokry Dwór (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmɔkrɨ ˈdvur], lit. 'Wet Manor', German: Althofnass, [ˈalthoːfnas]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siechnice, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Wrocław County
Wrocław County (Polish: powiat wrocławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 1,116 square kilometres (431 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Wrocław, although this city is not part of the county (it forms a separate city county). Wrocław County consists of areas to the east and south of Wrocław (city with county rights), and contains three towns: Sobótka, Kąty Wrocławskie and Siechnice.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 148,663, out of which the population of Siechnice is 8,113, that of Kąty Wrocławskie is 6,994, that of Sobótka is 6,981, and the rural population is 126,575.
Opelika City Schools
Opelika City Schools (OCS) is a school district headquartered in Opelika, Alabama. The district is accredited by the Alabama State Department of Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The school system enrolls approximately 4,300 students on nine campuses. Opelika has three primary schools with grades K–2, Southview, Jeter, and Carver, three intermediate schools with grades 3–5, West Forest, Northside, and Morris Avenue, Opelika Middle School with grades 6–8, Opelika High School with grades 9–12, and one at-risk school, Opelika Learning Center. Opelika's schools have traditionally had strong programs in technology and the arts.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Chen Jing (ice hockey)
Chen Jing (Chinese: 陈晶, born 22 April 1971), is a Chinese retired ice hockey defender who played for the Chinese national team at the 1998 Winter Olympics and 2002 Winter Olympics. She played for the national team from 1996 to 2002.

China women's national ice hockey team
The Chinese women's national ice hockey team (Chinese: 中国国家女子冰球队) represents China at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championship, the Asian Winter Games, and other international competitions. The women's national team is governed by the Chinese Ice Hockey Association. China's national women's program is ranked twentieth in the world by the IIHF and has 808 active players as of 2020.
Siege of Naarden (1673)
The siege of Naarden took place from 6 to 13 September 1673 during the Franco-Dutch War of 1672 to 1678, when a Dutch army captured the Dutch fortress town of Naarden. Naarden had been occupied by the French since the previous year.

Naarden
Naarden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnaːrdə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and former municipality in the Gooi region in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren since 2016.
Takasago Army
Takasago Army is the sixth studio album by Taiwanese extreme metal band Chthonic, released in 2011. The title is a reference to the Takasago Volunteers in the Imperial Japanese Army, recruited from the Taiwanese aboriginal tribes during World War II. Takasago (Chinese: 高砂, Japanese: タカサゴ) is an ancient Japanese name for Taiwan. This album serves as the final record in Chthonic's "Souls Reposed" Trilogy.

Takasago Volunteers
Takasago volunteers (高砂義勇隊, Takasago Giyūtai) were volunteer soldiers in the Imperial Japanese Army, recruited from Taiwanese indigenous peoples (also known as Taiwanese aborigines) during World War II. The Takasago volunteers are distinguished from the Taiwanese volunteers of ethnic Han or Chinese descent.
Kenneth E. Stager
Kenneth E. Stager (January 28, 1915 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania – May 13, 2009 in West Los Angeles) was an American ornithologist who served as a curator at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County is a museum located in Exposition Park in Los Angeles, next to the California Science Center. It is the largest natural and historical museum in the Western United States, with a collection of nearly 35 million specimens and artifacts covering 4.5 billion years of history. This large collection consists of not only specimens for exhibition but also vast research collections housed on and offsite.

The museum is associated with two other museums in Greater Los Angeles: the Page Museum at the La Brea Tar Pits in Hancock Park and the William S. Hart Ranch and Museum in Newhall. The three museums work together to achieve their common mission: "to inspire wonder, discovery, and responsibility for our natural and cultural worlds".
Music of Panama
Panama is a Central American country, inhabited mostly by mestizos (persons of mixed African, European and indigenous ancestry). The music of Panama is heavily based on the folk music of Spain, particularly that of Andalusia and was influenced first by the indigenous populations of Guna, Teribes, Ngobe Bugle and others, and then by the black population who were brought over, first as slaves from Africa, between the 16th century and the 19th century, and then voluntarily (especially from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Saint Lucia) to work on the Panamanian Railroad and Canal projects between the 1840s and 1914.

With this heritage, Panama has a rich and diverse music history, and important contributions to cumbia, saloma, pasillo, punto, tamborito, mejorana, bolero, jazz, salsa, reggae, calypso, rock, and other musical genres.

Guna people
The Guna (also spelled Kuna or Cuna) are an Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. Guna people live in three politically autonomous comarcas or autonomous reservations in Panama, and in a few small villages in Colombia. There are also communities of Guna people in Panama City, Colón, and other cities. Most Guna live on small islands off the coast of the comarca of Guna Yala known as the San Blas Islands. The other two Guna comarcas in Panama are Guna de Madugandí and Guna de Wargandí. They are Guna-speaking people who once occupied the central region of what is now Panama and the neighboring San Blas Islands and still survive in marginal areas.

In the Guna language, they call themselves Dule or Tule, meaning "people", and the name of the language is Dulegaya, literally "people-mouth". The term was in the language itself spelled Kuna prior to a 2010 orthographic reform, but the Congreso General de la Nación Gunadule since 2010 has promoted the spelling Guna.
Eliza Scudder
Eliza Scudder (1821–1896) was a 19th-century American hymnwriter. Among her productions are several notable hymns including, "The Love of God", written in 1852; "Truth", which begins with the line, "Thou long disowned, reviled, oppressed"; "Lines for Music", which begins with "As the lost who vainly wander"; and the lyric poem, "The Vesper Hymn", written in 1874. Scudder was undoubtedly influenced by her uncle, Edmund Hamilton Sears, the author of "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear".

Hymnwriter
A hymnwriter (or hymn writer, hymnist, hymnodist, hymnographer, etc.) is someone who writes the text, music, or both of hymns. The Christian tradition views the composition of hymns as dating back to before the time of David, who is traditionally believed to have composed many of the Psalms. The term hymnodist, in the United States more than in other regions, broadens the scope to include the study of hymns.
Bob Stakelum
Robert Anthony Stakelum (22 December 1922 – 17 January 2010) was an Irish hurler, Gaelic footballer, referee and administrator. At club level he played with Holycross-Ballycahill, and also lined out at inter-county level with various Tipperary teams.

1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 15 May 1949 and ended on 4 September 1949.

Waterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Tipperary won the title following a 3–11 to 0–3 defeat of Laois.
Mario Stefani
Mario Stefani (1938 – 4 March 2001) was an Italian poet.

Stefani was openly gay, and his poetry was some of the first Italian poetry to explore homosexuality. A selection of his poetry was translated into English by Anthony Reid and published in 1982 as No Other Gods.

Alongside his poetry, Stefani taught classes in literature and wrote literary and art reviews. He also presented a popular unscripted television show.

In 2001, graffiti began appearing around Venice, featuring a quote of Stefani's: "Loneliness is not being alone; it's loving others to no avail". A month later, Stefani hanged himself in his kitchen. His $1 million estate was left to a fruit vendor whose young daughter had inspired his work.

Details of his life were retold in John Berendt's 2005 book The City of Falling Angels.

John Berendt
John Berendt (born December 5, 1939) is an American author, known for writing the best-selling non-fiction book Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, which was a finalist for the 1995 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction, and The City of Falling Angels, which tells the story of interesting inhabitants of Venice, Italy, whom Berendt met while living there in the months following a fire which destroyed the historic La Fenice opera house in 1996.
Roulette russe
Roulette russe (Russian roulette) is the second album by French rocker Alain Bashung, issued in 1979 on Philips Records. The album was reissued the following years with a couple of songs dropped and the two songs from his breakthrough single, Gaby oh Gaby, added.

Philips Records
Philips Records was a record label founded by Dutch electronics company Philips and in 1999 was absorbed into Dutch-American music corporation Universal Music Group. It was founded as Philips Phonographische Industrie in 1950. In 1946, Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Decca's Dutch outlet in Amsterdam.
Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture
In abstract algebra, the Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture asserts that any piecewise-polynomial function can be expressed as a maximum of finite minima of finite collections of polynomials. It was first stated, albeit in non-rigorous and vague wording, in the 1956 paper of Garrett Birkhoff and Richard S. Pierce in which they first introduced f-rings. The modern, rigorous statement of the conjecture was formulated by Melvin Henriksen and John R. Isbell, who worked on the problem in the early 1960s in connection with their work on f-rings. Their formulation is as follows:

For every real piecewise-polynomial function , there exists a finite set of polynomials  such that .

Isbell is likely the source of the name Pierce–Birkhoff conjecture, and popularized the problem in the 1980s by discussing it with several mathematicians interested in real algebraic geometry.

The conjecture was proved true for n = 1 and 2 by Louis Mahé.

Existential quantification
In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier which asserts the existence of an object with a given property. It is usually denoted by the logical operator symbol ∃, which, when used together with a predicate variable, is called an existential quantifier ("∃x" or "∃(x)" or "(∃x)"), read as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some". Existential quantification is distinct from universal quantification ("for all"), which asserts that the property or relation holds for all members of the domain. Some sources use the term existentialization to refer to existential quantification.

Quantification in general is covered in the article on quantification (logic). The existential quantifier is encoded as U+2203 ∃ THERE EXISTS in Unicode, and as \exists in LaTeX and related formula editors.
Pitogo, Zamboanga del Sur
Pitogo, officially the Municipality of Pitogo (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Pitogo; Subanen: Benwa Pitogo; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Pitogo; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pitogo), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,516 people.

Subanen languages
The Subanen languages (also Subanon and Subanun) are a group of closely related Austronesian languages belonging to the Greater Central Philippine subgroup.: 303  Subanen languages are spoken in various areas of Zamboanga Peninsula, namely the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur, and in Misamis Occidental of Northern Mindanao. There is also a sizeable Subanen community in Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte. Most speakers of Subanen languages go by the name of Subanen, Subanon or Subanun, while those who adhere to Islam refer to themselves as Kolibugan, Kalibugan, Tewlet or Telet.
Gosbeck
Gosbeck is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around five miles north of Ipswich, in 2005 its population was 220.

The parish contains Gosbeck Wood, an ancient woodland and SSSI.

Gosbeck Wood
Gosbeck Wood is a 22.8-hectare (56-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Needham Market in Suffolk.

This is an ancient coppice with standards wood mainly on boulder clay, with some areas of sandy soil. Dog's mercury is dominant in the ground flora, and other plants include spurge laurel, wood spurge, herb paris and hairy woodrush.

A footpath goes through the wood.
Rope (1947 film)
Rope is a 1947 British television play based on the play Rope by Patrick Hamilton. It was an early lead role for Dirk Bogarde.

It was directed by Stephen Harrison who wrote about Bogarde: "I think he has possibilities. Although he is rather inexperienced, he was good from the start in the more emotional scenes, and eventually sustained his performance consistently in the duller connecting links. He, too, was possibly too charming a type for the part of Granillo.”

Harrison later directed the play for television again in 1950.

Rope (play)
Rope, retitled Rope's End for its American release, is a 1929 English play by Patrick Hamilton. It was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb.

In formal terms, it is a well-made play with a three-act dramatic structure that adheres to the classical unities. Its action is continuous, punctuated only by the curtain fall at the end of each act. It may also be considered a thriller. Samuel French published the play in 1929.
The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1986 film)
The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a 1986 made-for-television mystery film directed by Jeannot Szwarc. It is based on Edgar Allan Poe's 1841 short story of the same name. The film was shot in Paris and shown on CBS on December 7, 1986.

The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)
The Times is a daily newspaper based in Shreveport, Louisiana. Its distribution area includes 12 parishes in Northwest Louisiana and three counties in East Texas. Its coverage focuses on issues affecting the Shreveport-Bossier market, and includes investigative reporting, community news, arts and entertainment, government, education, sports, business, and religion, along with local opinion/commentary. Its website provides news updates, videos, photo galleries, forums, blogs, event calendars, entertainment, classifieds, contests, databases, and a regional search engine. Local news content produced by The Times is available on the website at no charge for seven days.
Marty Stuart
John Marty Stuart (born September 30, 1958) is an American country and bluegrass music singer, songwriter, and musician. Active since 1968, Stuart initially toured with Lester Flatt, and then in Johnny Cash's road band before beginning work as a solo artist in the early 1980s. He is known for his combination of rockabilly, country rock, and bluegrass music influences, his frequent collaborations and cover songs, and his distinctive stage dress.

His greatest commercial success came in the first half of the 1990s on MCA Records Nashville. Stuart has recorded over 20 studio albums, and has charted over 30 times on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. His highest chart entry is "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'", a duet with Travis Tritt.

Stuart has won five Grammy Awards out of 16 nominations.  He is also a member of the Grand Ole Opry and Country Music Hall of Fame.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.