hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wireless LAN
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building. This gives users the ability to move around within the area and remain connected to the network. Through a gateway, a WLAN can also provide a connection to the wider Internet.

Wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standards are the most widely used computer networks in the world. These are commonly called Wi-Fi, which is a trademark belonging to the Wi-Fi Alliance. They are used for home and small office networks that link together laptop computers, printers, smartphones, Web TVs and gaming devices through a wireless network router, which in turn may link them to the Internet. Hotspots provided by routers at restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, libraries, and airports allow consumers to access the internet with portable wireless devices.

Gateway (telecommunications)
A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model.

The term gateway can also loosely refer to a computer or computer program configured to perform the tasks of a gateway, such as a default gateway or router, and in the case of HTTP, gateway is also often used as a synonym for reverse proxy. It can also refer to a device installed in homes that combines router and modem functionality into one device, used by ISPs, also called a residential gateway.
USS Buckthorn
USS Buckthorn is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Buckthorn (1863), a screw steamer, built in 1863 at East Haddam, Connecticut.

USS Buckthorn (AN-14), a net laying ship laid down on 5 December 1940 at Alameda, California.

USS Buckthorn (1863)
USS Buckthorn was a steamship acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used as a fleet tender and dispatch vessel in support of the Union Navy blockade along Confederate coastal waters.
Paul Söding
Paul Heinrich Söding (born 20 February 1933 in Dresden, Germany) is a German physicist.  He is best known for his work in particle physics and as former director of research of the German particle physics lab DESY.

European Physical Society
The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach, supporting physicists to engage in the design and implementation of European science policy, and advocating physics research. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical societies of 42 countries, and some 3200 individual members. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the world's largest and oldest organisation of physicists, is a major member.
King Arthur: Knight's Tale
King Arthur: Knight's Tale is a tactical role playing video game developed and published by NeocoreGames.  It was released for Windows in 2022, and PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S in 2024.  It is a dark fantasy retelling of Arthurian legend in which players control Mordred. A stand-alone expansion, King Arthur: Legion IX, was released on May 9, 2024.

Matter of Britain
The Matter of Britain (French: matière de Bretagne; Welsh: Mater Prydain; Cornish: Mater Brythain; Breton: Afer Breizh-Veur) is the body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and Brittany and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur. The 12th-century writer Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) is a central component of the Matter of Britain.

It was one of the three great Western story cycles recalled repeatedly in medieval literature, together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne and his companions, as well as the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical mythology and classical history. Its pseudo-chronicle and chivalric romance works, written both in prose and verse, flourished from the 12th to the 16th century.
Malacothamnus discombobulatus
Malacothamnus discombobulatus is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name discombobulating bushmallow. It is morphologically similar to Malacothamnus davidsonii and was treated within M. davidsonii in the past. Malacothamnus discombobulatus is named after the confusion sown from its morphological similarity to M. davidsonii. It is endemic to Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties in California.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Mazzei
Mazzei is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Mazzei, Italian archaeologist

Frank Mazzei (1912–1977), American politician

Júlio Mazzei (1930-2009), Brazilian soccer coach

Mike Mazzei (born 1965), American politician

Filippo Mazzei (1730–1816), Italian physician

Philip Mazzei
Philip Mazzei (December 25, 1730 – March 19, 1816), originally Filippo Mazzei (Italian pronunciation: [fiˈlippo matˈtsɛi]), and sometimes erroneously cited as Philip Mazzie, was an Italian physician, philosopher, diplomat, winemaker, merchant, and author. A  neighbor of Thomas Jefferson, he was a supporter of the American Revolution and the American colonies' war for independence from Britain.
Grebņova
Grebņova, also spelled Grebņeva, is a village in Malnava Parish, Ludza Municipality, Latvia. It is located in the northern part of the parish on the Russian border near the A13 road, 13 km (8.1 mi) from the parish center Malnava and 288 km (179 mi) from Riga. There is a cemetery in Grebņova, north of the village and its namesake border checkpoint.

Ludza Municipality
Ludza Municipality (Latvian: Ludzas novads, Latgalian: Ludzys nūvods) is a municipality in Latgale, Latvia. The administrative centre is Ludza. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Briģi Parish, Cirma Parish, Isnauda Parish, Istra Parish, Nirza Parish, Ņukši Parish, Pilda Parish, Pureņi Parish, Rundēni Parish and Ludza town of the former Ludza district.

During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous municipality was merged with Cibla Municipality, Kārsava Municipality and Zilupe Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the former Ludza district.

The municipality is located 267 km from the capital of Latvia - Riga, by the Latvian-Russian border, i.e. by the border of the European Union with the Russian Federation.

The territory of the municipality is crossed by the internationally important Riga-Moscow road and by the Riga-Zilupe-Moscow railway.
Thirteenth five-year plan
The 13th Five-Year Plan of China, officially the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 2016 and 2020.

Urbanization in China
Urbanization in the People's Republic of China increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening up policy. According to the Chinese government, the country's urbanization rate was 67 percent at end of 2024. According to the United Nations, the country's urbanization rate was 83.7 percent in 2025, having peaked in absolute numbers in 2021.
Mogilica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Mogilica [mɔɡiˈlit͡sa] (German Neuhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dolice, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Dolice, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Stargard, and 52 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Stargard County
Stargard County (Polish: powiat stargardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Stargard, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains four other towns: Chociwel, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Stargard, Dobrzany, 27 km (17 mi) east of Stargard, Ińsko, 37 km (23 mi) east of Stargard, and Suchań, 21 km (13 mi) east of Stargard.

The county covers an area of 1,519.59 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 119,402, out of which the population of Stargard is 70,534, that of Chociwel is 3,285, that of Dobrzany is 2,420, that of Ińsko is 2,001, that of Suchań is 1,446, and the rural population is 39,716.
Philippe Richard (artist)
Philippe Richard (born February 25, 1962) is a French artist, based in Paris, France. He lived New York from 1996 to 1999. He has been very close to some American painters such as Joan Mitchell and Shirley Jaffe. Some of his work resides in the Theodore Art  in Brooklyn, New York.

Shirley Jaffe (artist)
Shirley Jaffe (née Sternstein, October 2, 1923 – September 29, 2016) was an American abstract painter. Her early work is of the gestural abstract expressionist style, however in the late 1960s she changed to a more geometric style. This change was initially received with caution by the art world, but later in her career she was praised for the "idiosyncratic" and individual nature of her work. She spent most of her life living and working in France.
37th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 37th Division (第37師団, Dai-sanjūnana Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Winter Division (冬兵団, Fuyu Heidan). The 37th Division was activated at Kumamoto 7 February 1939 as a triangular division, simultaneously with 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 35th and 36th divisions. The division was declared battle-ready 2 July 1939. Its manpower came primarily from the prefectures on Kyūshū island.

Triangular division
A triangular division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized. In a triangular organization, the division's main body is composed of three regimental maneuver elements.  These regiments may be controlled by a brigade headquarters (more typical in World War I) or directly subordinated to the division commander.  By contrast, in a square division, there were typically two brigades of two regiments.  Other structures are possible, such as a pentomic division, where the division commander controls five maneuver elements, which was used in the United States Army in the late 1950s, with the regiments replaced by combined arms battlegroups.
Weitz Center for Creativity
The Weitz Center for Creativity is an academic building at Carleton College, located in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. Formerly a middle school and high school, it opened in the fall of 2011. In addition to classrooms, the center houses the Perlman Teaching Museum, a theater, and two dance studios. In 2017, a new addition for music and performing arts was completed, adding a performance hall, rehearsal spaces, and faculty offices. The building is LEED gold certified.

The building was funded by Wally Weitz and the Weitz Family who have contributed over $45 million in total gifts to the college.

Northfield, Minnesota
Northfield is a city in Rice County, Minnesota, United States. A small portion lies in the adjacent Dakota County. The population was 20,790 at the 2020 census. Northfield is 40 mi (64 km) south of the downtowns of Minneapolis and St. Paul and is an exurb of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. It is home to two private liberal arts colleges, Carleton College and St. Olaf College.
Queensland Railways 1620 class
The 1620 class was a class of diesel locomotives built by English Electric, Rocklea for Queensland Railways between 1967 and 1969.

The 1620 class locomotives are similar to the New Zealand Railways DI class, also built at the Rocklea works.

English Electric
The English Electric Company Limited (EE) was a British industrial manufacturer formed after World War I by amalgamating five businesses which, during the war, made munitions, armaments and aeroplanes.

It initially specialised in industrial electric motors and transformers, locomotives and traction equipment, diesel motors and steam turbines. Its products were later expanded to include consumer electronics, nuclear reactors, guided missiles, military aircraft and mainframe computers.

Two English Electric aircraft designs became landmarks in British aeronautical engineering; the Canberra and the Lightning. In 1960, English Electric Aircraft (40%) merged with Vickers (40%) and Bristol (20%) to form British Aircraft Corporation.

In 1968 English Electric's operations were merged with GEC's, the combined business employing more than 250,000 people.
Ivna Marra
Ivna Franco Marra (born (1990-01-25)25 January 1990) is a Brazilian female volleyball player. With her club Sollys Nestlé Osasco she competed at the 2011 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship and with SESI-SP at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.

Brazilian Volleyball Super League (women)
The Brazilian Volleyball Super League (Portuguese: Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol) is the top level Brazilian professional volleyball competition. It is organized by the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation. It shares the same name as the men's tournament, and are disputed simultaneously. The number of participating clubs varies every year. The champion team qualifies for the South American Championship.
Phil Hansen (American football)
Phillip Allen Hansen (born May 20, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the second round of the 1991 NFL draft. Hansen was named to the 1991 all-rookie team, and played on three Super Bowl teams. He played college football for the North Dakota State Bison, setting records with 41 regular-season sacks and 32 pass breakups, and started on Division II national championship teams in 1988 and 1990. He accumulated 61.5 sacks for the Bills and was inducted onto the Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame on September 18, 2011.

In 2012, Hansen ran as a Republican for election to the Minnesota Senate in the newly created district 4. The district includes Detroit Lakes, where he lives. He lost a close race to former state representative Kent Eken.

1991 NFL draft
The 1991 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 21–22, 1991, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year.

The first six selections of the draft were defensive players, the most in draft history. It began with the Dallas Cowboys using the first overall pick to select Russell Maryland. No previous draft had begun with more than three consecutive defensive picks.

The day of the draft, wide receiver and projected number one pick Raghib Ismail signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was nevertheless selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round (100th overall), and began playing with the Raiders in 1993 after two CFL seasons.
Florida Atlantic Owls
The Florida Atlantic Owls are the athletics teams of Florida Atlantic University. The Owls participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I as members of the American Conference. On October 21, 2021, Florida Atlantic accepted the invitation to join The American and became a full member on July 1, 2023.

Florida Atlantic has attracted high-profile coaches in the past for various sports, including Howard Schnellenberger and Lane Kiffin for football and Mike Jarvis for basketball. Other former coaches include Matt Doherty, Rex Walters, and Sidney Green. As of March 2018, the Owls are led by athletic director Brian White. The 2023 men's basketball team made school history by making the Final Four of the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.

Eleanor R. Baldwin Arena
Eleanor R. Baldwin Arena, formerly known as FAU Arena and RoofClaim.com Arena and commonly known as The Burrow, is a 2,900-seat multi-purpose arena located on the Boca Raton campus of Florida Atlantic University.
Machine press
A forming press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure. The operator of a forming press is known as a press-tool setter, often shortened to tool-setter.

Presses can be classified according to

their mechanism: hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic;

their function: forging presses, stamping presses, press brakes,  punch press, etc.

their structure, e.g. Knuckle-joint press, screw press, Expeller press

their controllability: conventional vs. servo-presses

Expeller pressing
Expeller pressing (also called oil pressing) is a mechanical method for extracting oil from raw materials. The raw materials are squeezed under high pressure in a single step.  When used for the extraction of food oils, typical raw materials are nuts, seeds and algae, which are supplied to the press in a continuous feed. As the raw material is pressed, friction causes it to heat. In the case of harder nuts, which require higher pressure, the material temperature can exceed 120 °F (49 °C). "Expeller" is a trademarked term of Anderson International Corporation since 1900, although it has become genericized, is often confused with screw press equipment in general, and does not indicate whether oil extraction is done hot or cold.
Lisa Schwab
Lisa Schwab (born 30 May 1989) is a German football striker, currently playing for Bayer Leverkusen in the Bundesliga. She has also played for 1.FC Saarbrücken. For Saarbrücken, on 13 April 2009, she scored a crucial goal in the 82nd minute against FFC Frankfurt II, which was significant in them being able to achieve a promotion to the Bundesliga in the 2008–09 2. Frauen-Bundesliga. For Leverkusen, Schwab was a first team regular but found her time there to be affected by an injury to a ligament in her left foot.

As an Under-19 international she won the 2007 U-19 European Championship and a bronze medal at the 2008 U-20 World Cup. In the latter tournament, according to the Saarbrücker Zeitung, Schwab was judged to be a key factor in Germany's win over Brazil in the quarter-final.

2008–09 2. Frauen-Bundesliga
The 2nd Fußball-Bundesliga (women) 2008–09 was the 5th season of the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga (women), Germany's second football league. It began on 7 September 2008 and ended on 24 May 2009. After the last season the women's section of TuS Köln rrh. passed their license for the league to Bayer 04 Leverkusen.
Brian Blutreich
Brian Blutreich (born January 5, 1967) is an American athlete. He competed in the men's discus throw at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Blutreich was an All-American thrower for the UCLA Bruins track and field team. He finished 3rd in the shot put at the 1989 indoor, 1989 outdoor, and 1990 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships. He also finished 3rd in the discus at the 1988 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and 1990 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

1988 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1988 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested June 1−4, 1988 at Hayward Field at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon in order to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

These were the 66th annual men's championships and the seventh annual women's championships. This was the Ducks' sixth time hosting the event and the first since 1984.

In a repeat of the previous year's result, UCLA and LSU topped the men's and women's team standings, respectively; it was the Bruins' eighth men's team title and the second for the Lady Tigers. LSU's title would ultimately be the second of a record eleven consecutive national championships between 1987 and 1997.
Kelmscott, Western Australia
Kelmscott is a southeastern suburb of Perth, Western Australian within the local government area of the City of Armadale. It is 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Perth along the Albany Highway.

Kelmscott was one of four initial townsites established in the Swan River Colony. It was named after Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, the birthplace of the first Anglican clergyman in the colony, Thomas Hobbes Scott (1783–1860).

The suburb of Kelmscott is bisected by the Canning River. On the western side of the river is the flat coastal plain upon which most of Perth is situated. This area includes the Stargate Kelmscott and Kelmscott Village shopping areas along Albany Highway, the light industrial area, the Kelmscott Senior High School and a residential area. To the east, the suburb rises into the western Darling Scarp.

Kelmscott celebrated its 175th anniversary on 9 October 2005.

Kelmscott is home of the first Red Rooster restaurant.

Armadale railway station, Perth
Armadale railway station is a suburban and regional railway station, located on the South Western Railway 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Perth station serving the suburbs of Armadale, Brookdale and Haynes. The station was reopened on 12 October 2025 after being rebuilt as part of the Byford Extension project. Prior to this, Armadale station served as the terminus of the Armadale line. The station is served by Armadale line services and will also be served by the Transwa Australind services from early 2026.
Liquid Robotics
Liquid Robotics is an American marine robotics corporation that designs, manufactures and sells the Wave Glider, a wave and solar powered unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The Wave Glider harvests energy from ocean waves for propulsion. With this energy source, Wave Gliders can spend many months at a time at sea, collecting and transmitting ocean data.

The vehicles host sensor payloads such as: atmospheric and oceanographic sensors applicable to ocean and climate science, seismic sensors for earthquake and tsunami detection, and video cameras and acoustic sensors for security and marine environment protection purposes.

The company was founded in 2007 in Sunnyvale, California. In December 2016, the company was acquired by The Boeing Company and is a wholly owned subsidiary, part of Boeing’s Defense, Space and Security organization. In February 2022 the company relocated to Herndon, Virginia.

Herndon, Virginia
Herndon is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Located in Northern Virginia, it is part of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. In 2020, the population at the census was 24,655, which makes it the largest of three incorporated towns in the county.