hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Steck
Johann Rudolf Julius Steck (18 January 1842 – 30 November 1924) was a Swiss reformed theologian and writer.

Steck was a pastor of the Reformed Church, Dresden (1867-1881). From 1881 to 1921 he was Professor of Theology at the University of Bern. He was influenced by the writings of Bruno Bauer and was a proponent of the Christ myth theory. He believed that the Pauline epistles were a case of second century pseudepigrapha.

Steck argued that the Pauline letters were written by a school of people.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Kijang Emas
The Malaysian Kijang Emas is the official gold bullion coin of Malaysia and is minted by the Royal Mint of Malaysia. It was first issued on 17 July 2001. Malaysia is the 12th country in the world to issue its own gold bullion coin.

The Kijang Emas has a gold purity of 999.9 millesimal fineness or 24 karat. The coins come in denominations of RM200, RM100 and RM50 which are nominal face values, and weighs 1 oz, ½ oz and ¼ oz respectively. RM is the notation for the Malaysian ringgit.

The purchase and resale price of Kijang Emas is determined by the prevailing international gold market price.

Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit ((/ˈrɪŋɡɪt/, Malaysian: [ˈriŋget]); plural: ringgit; symbol: RM; currency code: MYR; Malay name: Ringgit Malaysia; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. Issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia, it is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen).
1997 Croatian Bol Ladies Open – Doubles
Laura Montalvo and Paola Suárez were the defending champions but only Montalvo competed that year with Henrieta Nagyová.

Montalvo and Nagyová won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against María José Gaidano and Marion Maruska.

Laura Montalvo
Laura Montalvo (born 29 March 1976) is an Argentine former professional tennis player.

Montalvo won eight ITF singles titles and reached a career high of No. 191 in singles in June 1995. Her win–loss record for singles is 143–76, 266–152 for doubles. Being a "doubles specialist" on the WTA Tour, she reached the ranking of No. 23 in doubles in May 2001. She played on doubles teams with both Liezel Huber and Paola Suárez. With Huber, she reached the quarterfinals of the French Open in 2000. They regularly competed together in Grand Slam tournaments and tour events for the next two years. She also frequently partnered her countrywoman Suárez, including at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, where they lost in the second round. The pair won eight titles together, which make up all but one of Montalvo's total title haul in doubles.
CIMS-FM
CIMS-FM (Sommet FM) is a Canadian French-language community radio station operating at 103.9 MHz/FM, located in Balmoral, New Brunswick. According to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the station's city of licence is Balmoral, but the Industry Canada database lists the station as being based in Campbellton.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED; French: Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada; ISDE) is a department of the Government of Canada. ISED is responsible for a number of the federal government's functions in regulating industry and commerce, promoting science and innovation, and supporting economic development. The department was known as Industry Canada (IC) prior to 2015.

The department is led by the Minister of Industry (currently Mélanie Joly), who also serves as the Minister responsible for Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions. Several other ministerial portfolios are associated with the department. While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister, who is a public servant. The department headquarters are located at the C.D. Howe Building at 235 Queen Street in Ottawa, Ontario.
Esox cisalpinus
Esox cisalpinus, the southern pike or cisalpine pike, is a species of freshwater fish known from central and northern Italy, southeastern France and Switzerland, and it might also occur in the western Balkans. It has traditionally been considered a southern European variant of the widespread northern pike (Esox lucius), but was described as a separate species in 2011. Like the northern pike, southern pike are an important species for recreational fisheries and for its role as a top predator in freshwater ecosystems.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Siphulopsis
Siphulopsis is a single-species fungal genus in the family Icmadophilaceae. This monotypic genus the contains the fruticose lichen species Siphulopsis queenslandica, found in Australia. This lichen was originally described by Gintaras Kantvilas in 2018. He tentatively classified it in the genus Knightiella due to morphological similarities with Knightiella eucalypti (since transferred to the genus Knightiellastrum), but molecular phylogenetics revealed it to constitute a distinct lineage.

The genus name Siphulopsis combines the name Siphula, referring to a similar genus, with the Greek suffix -opsis, which denotes resemblance. This naming reflects the similarity in thallus morphology between this species and those of Siphula.

Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.
XI International Chopin Piano Competition
The XI International Chopin Piano Competition (Polish: XI Międzynarodowy Konkurs Pianistyczny im. Fryderyka Chopina) was held from 30 September to 20 October 1985 in Warsaw.

For the first time, participants could choose to play on a Kawai or on a Yamaha piano, in addition to the Steinway and Bösendorfer that had been available before. Bechstein withdrew from the competition after its instrument was chosen just once during the 9th competition.

Kawai Musical Instruments
Kawai Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (株式会社河合楽器製作所, Kabushiki-gaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho; TYO: 7952) is a musical instrument manufacturing company headquartered in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. It is best known for its grand pianos, upright pianos, digital pianos, electronic keyboards and electronic synthesizers. The company was founded in August 1927.
Gabrielle Bertrand
Gabrielle Bertrand (May 15, 1923 – September 10, 1999) was a Canadian politician.

Born Gabrielle Giroux in Sweetsburg, Quebec (now Cowansville), the daughter of Louis-Arthur Giroux and Juliette Bolduc, she married Jean-Jacques Bertrand in 1944, the future Union Nationale Premier of Quebec from 1968 to 1970. She was the mother of Jean-François Bertrand, a Quebec cabinet minister in the cabinet of René Lévesque.

In the 1984 election, she was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Brome—Missisquoi. A Progressive Conservative, she was re-elected in the 1988 election. From 1984 to 1986, she was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Health and Welfare. From 1986 to 1987, she was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs.

The Bibliothèque Gabrielle-Giroux-Bertrand in Cowansville is named in her honour.

Premier of Quebec
The premier of Quebec (French: premier ministre du Québec [pʁəmje ministʁ dy kebɛk] (masculine) or première ministre du Québec [pʁəmjɛʁ-] [feminine]) is the first minister and head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec, sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election.
Renavas Manor
Renavas manor is a former residential manor in Renavas village, Lithuania on the bank of Varduva river. Currently it is a museum. In the manor's park grows the thickest Norway spruce in Lithuania. The manor is valued for its original interior. Renavas Manor is one of the main tourist attractions in Mažeikiai District Municipality.

Renavas
Renavas (Samogitian: Rėnavs, Polish: Renowo) is a village in Mažeikiai District Municipality, Lithuania. It is located on the left bank of Varduva river, nearby the road Židikai-Seda. The village is known for its 16th century manor.
Cape au Moine (2352 m)
The Cape au Moine (2,352 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located between L'Etivaz and Les Diablerets in the canton of Vaud. It lies east of La Para.

It should not be confused with a nearby peak of the same name on the border of the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg; this other Cap de Moine, located in the Swiss Prealps just north of the Rocher de Naye and Col de Jaman, is smaller (1941m) but is visible from many populated areas around Lake Geneva.

Les Diablerets
Les Diablerets is a village and ski resort located in the municipality of Ormont-Dessus in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

The village lies at an altitude of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) on the north side of the massif of the Diablerets, 3,210 metres (10,530 ft), in the Swiss Alps. It can be accessed via the R71 train on the  Aigle–Sépey–Diablerets railway line or by road from Aigle. The Col du Pillon (1,546 m) on the east give access to the Bernese Oberland region and is the lowest station of the Glacier 3000 cable car.

The resort has a ski school, hotels and a small town centre. Les Diablerets is known for its traditional mountain architecture.

Les Diablerets is home to the Diablerets Alpine Centre (DAC), an official Swiss Ski alpine training and performance centre. Founded in 2020, the DAC is a legacy project of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympic Games.
Trudy Camilleri
Trudy Camilleri (born 16 September 1991) is an Australian-Maltese former professional soccer player. She previously played for Sydney FC,  Central Coast Mariners and Western Sydney Wanderers in the Australian W-League. She also plays futsal.

Trudy made her W-League debut for Central Coast Mariners against Melbourne Victory on Saturday, 25 October 2008. Trudy then made her scoring debut in Round 2 against Perth Glory, scoring a goal to assist the Mariners to a 3–1 win at home.

In October 2012 it was announced that Camilleri had signed for Western Sydney Wanderers in the Westfield W-League in Australia for the 2012–13 season. She made her Wanderers debut against Adelaide on 20 October 2012.

Perth Glory FC (women)
Perth Glory Football Club is an Australian professional soccer club based in Perth, Western Australia. It competes in the country's premier women's competition, A-League Women. The team was established in 2008, with the founding of the new league.
Ainsley Hamill
Ainsley Hamill is a Scottish singer and songwriter from the village of Cardross, who performs traditional songs in English, Scots, and Gaelic. She studied music at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, where she obtained a First Class Honours Degree in Scottish Music, with Gaelic Song as her principal study. She was tutored by Kenna Campbell and Màiri MacInnes. Ainsley won the Silver Pendant at The Royal National Mòd held in Paisley in October 2013.
She has competed in a number of Mòd competitions and made it to the final of the An Comunn Gàidhealach Gold Medal competition in 2014, and 2015. Ainsley was also a BBC Radio Scotland Young Traditional Musician finalist in 2014/15, and nominated for Gaelic Singer of the Year at the 2015 MG ALBA Scots Trad Music Awards.

An Comunn Gàidhealach
An Comunn Gàidhealach (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [əŋ ˈkʰomən̪ˠ ˈkɛːəl̪ˠəx] ⓘ; literally "The Gaelic Association"), commonly known as An Comunn, is a Scottish organisation that supports and promotes the Scottish Gaelic language and Scottish Gaelic culture and history at local, national and international levels. The society is closely associated with the Royal National Mòd. The symbol used for An Comunn Gàidhealach is the Irish Sunburst flag at the top also a symbol associated in Irish mythology and the Celtic harp on the bottom right.
Horti Spei Veteris
The Horti Spei Veteris, later called Horti Variani, was a luxurious and important palace-estate, eventually the residence of Emperors, on the Esquiline Hill at the south eastern corner of ancient Rome and covering an area of 12,000 m2.

Remains are still visible today near the Porta Maggiore and the church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme.

Terracina
Terracina is an Italian city and comune of the province of Latina, located on the coast 56 km (35 mi) southeast of Rome on the Via Appia (76 km (47 mi) by rail). The site has been continuously occupied since antiquity.
Global Village (Dubai)
Global Village is a cultural destination in the city of Dubai. It has different pavilions to showcase the culture and traditions of each country across the Globe. It is also a festive carnival where different restaurants and places are located too. Global Village is a place where people can look at the culture of different countries and regions.

Many international artists such as Shahrukh Khan, Zana Nabeel, Samira Said, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Jason Derulo, Liam Payne, Now United, Elissa, Neha Kakkar, Guru Randhawa, Atif Aslam etc. have performed here.

Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan (Punjabi: راحت فتح علی خان, Punjabi pronunciation: [ɾɑːɦət̪ fəte(ɦ) əliː xɑːn]; born 9 December 1974) is a Pakistani Punjabi singer, primarily of Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music. Khan is one of the most popular and highest paid singers in Pakistan. He is the nephew of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the son of Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and the grandson of Qawwali singer Fateh Ali Khan. In addition to Qawwali, he also performs ghazals and other light music. He is also well-known as a playback singer in the Hindi cinema and  Pakistan film industry.
Macrogastra ventricosa
Macrogastra ventricosa is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

Subspecies

Macrogastra ventricosa brancsiki H. Nordsieck, 2006

Macrogastra ventricosa major (Rossmässler, 1836)

Macrogastra ventricosa ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801)

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Patrick Gazé
Patrick Gazé is a Canadian film director and screenwriter from Quebec. He is most noted for his 2008 short film My Name Is Victor Gazon (Mon nom est Victor Gazon), which was a Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 29th Genie Awards, and a Prix Jutra nominee for Best Short Film at the 11th Jutra Awards.

Stranger in a Cab (Ceci n'est pas un polar), his debut feature film, was released in 2014.

29th Genie Awards
The 29th Genie Awards were held on April 4, 2009, to honour Canadian films released in 2008. The ceremony was held at the Canadian Aviation Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, and was broadcast on Global and IFC. The ceremony was hosted by Dave Foley.

Nominations were announced on February 10, 2009, and were led by Quebec films. The Necessities of Life (French: Ce qu'il faut pour vivre) received eight nominations followed by Everything Is Fine (French: Tout est parfait ) with seven. Historical epic Passchendaele had the most wins at five Genies and was also recognized with the Golden Reel as the highest-grossing Canadian film.
Černvír
Černvír is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Černvír lies approximately 34 kilometres (21 mi) north-west of Brno and 156 km (97 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.

The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century.

Trondheim Cathedral School
Trondheim Cathedral School (Norwegian: Trondheim katedralskole, Latin: Schola Cathedralis Nidrosiensis) is an upper secondary school located next to the Nidaros Cathedral in the center of Trondheim, Norway.
Algot Lönn
Karl Algot Lönn (18 December 1887 – 3 April 1953) was a Swedish road racing cyclist who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the team, which won the gold medal in the Team road race. In the individual road race he finished tenth.

Cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team time trial was a road bicycle racing event held as part of the cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event. The competition was held on Sunday July 7, 1912.

Each nation that sent at least four cyclists to the individual time trial was also considered to have competed as a team. The times of the top four cyclists for each nation were summed to give a total team time, with the best total times winning. Great Britain had three teams, as the English, Irish, and Scottish cyclists were considered separate.

Belgium, Canada, and South Africa did not send enough cyclists to make a team.

Three teams did not have enough cyclists finish to earn a valid team score. Only three of Bohemia's five cyclists finished, as did three of Norway's six. Only one of Russia's ten cyclists finished.
Williams FW04
The Williams FW04 (later the Wolf–Williams FW04) was a Formula One car used by Frank Williams Racing Cars during the 1975 season and Wolf–Williams Racing during the 1976 season. The car was a development of the Williams FW and two were built. Although not a particularly successful car, an FW04 finished second at the 1975 German Grand Prix.

Arturo Merzario
Arturo Francesco "Art" Merzario (born 11 March 1943) is an Italian racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1972 to 1979.

Merzario competed in Formula One for Ferrari, Frank Williams, Fittipaldi, March, Wolf–Williams and Shadow, before founding his eponymous team in 1977: Merzario. He participated in 85 Grands Prix, scoring 11 championship points.
Pfandbrief
The Pfandbrief (plural: Pfandbriefe), a mostly triple-A rated German bank debenture, has become the blueprint of many covered bond models in Europe and beyond. The Pfandbrief is collateralized by long-term assets such as property mortgages or public sector loans as stipulated in the Pfandbrief Act. Total volume outstanding in Pfandbriefe was EUR 806 billion as at end-2008. Pfandbrief bonds make up the third largest segment of the German bond market after public sector bonds and unsecured bank debt.

A survey of European Pfandbrief-like products was issued in 2005 by the Bank for International Settlements; the International Monetary Fund in 2007 issued a study of the covered bond markets in Germany and Spain, while the European Central Bank in 2003 issued a study of housing markets, addressing also mortgage markets and providing a two-page overview of current mortgage systems in the EU countries.

Bond credit rating
In investment, the bond credit rating represents the creditworthiness of corporate or government bonds. The ratings are published by credit rating agencies and used by investment professionals to assess the likelihood the debt will be repaid.
Charles James MacDonald
Charles John MacDonald (April 4, 1841, Halifax, Nova Scotia – October 12, 1903, Halifax, Nova Scotia) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1878 to 1879 as a Liberal-Conservative member. He was a member of the North British Society.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, located in the city of Edirne (formerly Adrianople), Turkey. It was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1575. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture as a whole and Ottoman architecture in particular.

The mosque, together with its külliye, was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011.

Dikka
A dikka or dakka (Arabic: دكة), also known in Turkish as a müezzin mahfili, is a raised platform or tribune in a mosque from which the Quran is recited and where the muezzin chants or repeats in response to the imam's prayers. It is also used by the muezzin to chant the second call to prayer (iqama), which indicates to worshippers that the prayer is about to begin. On special occasions or evenings, such as during the month of Ramadan, expert or professional Qur'an reciters also use the platform to chant parts of the Qur'an. It is also known as the mukabbariyah (Arabic: مكبرية) in the Prophet's Mosque in Medina.

This feature is not found in all mosques but is most often found in large mosques where it is difficult for worshippers far from the mihrab to hear the imam. Raised on columns, it can be a freestanding structure near the middle of the prayer hall or a balcony set against a pillar or a wall opposite the minbar.