hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kapustinskii equation
The Kapustinskii equation calculates the lattice energy UL for an ionic crystal, which is experimentally difficult to determine. It is named after Anatoli Fedorovich Kapustinskii who published the formula in 1956.

The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%.

Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known. This is useful for rather complex ions like sulfate (SO2−4) or phosphate (PO3−4).

Ionic radius
Ionic radius, rion, is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are treated as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice. Ionic radii are typically given in units of either picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm. Typical values range from 31 pm (0.3 Å) to over 200 pm (2 Å).

The concept can be extended to solvated ions in liquid solutions taking into consideration the solvation shell.
Atlantic 10 Conference Men's Soccer Player of the Year
The Atlantic 10 Conference Men's Soccer Player of the Year are a series of three awards given out at the end of the college soccer season. Currently, the Atlantic-10 Conference gives out awards for the best offensive, defensive and midfielder of the year.

Notable winners of the award include Alexi Lalas, Peter Vermes and Geoff Cameron.

Peter Vermes
Peter Joseph Vermes (/vɜːrˈmiːs/; born November 21, 1966) is an American professional soccer coach and former player. From 2009 to 2025, he was the head coach of Sporting Kansas City in Major League Soccer.

Entering the 2025 MLS season, Vermes was the longest-tenured head coach in MLS and has won four major trophies as a manager, the second most of all active coaches in MLS.

As a player, Vermes spent several seasons playing in Hungary, the Netherlands, before establishing himself as a defender in Major League Soccer, playing for MetroStars, Colorado Rapids and the Kansas City Wizards.
Vermes was also a regular member of the United States national team throughout the 1990s, and represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics, the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

On April 4, 2013, Vermes was elected to the National Soccer Hall of Fame.
Francis Woodman Cleaves
Francis Woodman Cleaves (born in Boston in 1911 and died in New Hampshire on December 31, 1995) was a sinologist, linguist, and historian who taught at Harvard University, and was the founder of Sino-Mongolian studies in America. He is well known for his translation of The Secret History of the Mongols.

Harvard–Yenching Institute
42°22′39″N 71°06′50″W﻿ / ﻿42.377552°N 71.113923°W﻿ / 42.377552; -71.113923

The Harvard–Yenching Institute is an independent foundation dedicated to advancing higher education in Asia in the humanities and social sciences, with special attention to the study of Asian culture.  It traditionally had close ties to Harvard University and the now-defunct Yenching University, and its offices are located on the Harvard campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it is not part of Harvard.
Hybrizon
Hybrizon is the genus in the subfamily Hybrizontinae of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps. The subfamily was previously called Paxylommatinae, and has in the past been considered part Braconidae, or a separate family altogether.

Braconidae
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species.
Beaumont-lès-Tours
Beaumont-lès-Tours, in the Indre-et-Loire department of France, is a former commune in the Touraine, near the large town of Tours.

It was famed for its large religious institution, the Benedictine Abbey of Beaumont-lès-Tours, once the home of Henriette Louise de Bourbon, Abbess of Beaumont-lès-Tours, great-granddaughter of Le Grand Condé, and granddaughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan.

In 1828, the commune was annexed by the larger town of Saint-Étienne-Extra, which in turn was annexed by Tours in 1845.

Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃.dʁ‿e.lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079. Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its prefecture is Tours and subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.
Navy and Army War Fund Shield
The War Fund Shield was a Scottish football competition that was contested twice in the spring of 1915 and then again in the spring of 1918 (the Navy and Army War Fund Shield as it then became known). The aim of these competitions was to raise money for the footballers and their families who fought in World War I.

Firhill Stadium
Firhill Stadium, also known as Wyre Stadium at Firhill for sponsorship reasons, is a football and former rugby union, rugby league and greyhound racing stadium located in the Maryhill area of Glasgow, Scotland which has been the home of Partick Thistle since 1909.

Past ground-sharing agreements have seen Firhill act as a temporary home for three other football clubs: Clyde, Hamilton Academical and Queen's Park.  It was also a venue for the 2000 Rugby League World Cup and the Glasgow Warriors rugby union team between 2007 and 2012. As of 2014, the all-seated capacity of Firhill is 10,102.
The Jewish News (Detroit)
The Detroit Jewish News is a weekly newspaper serving the Jewish community of Metro Detroit and Michigan. The non-profit Detroit Jewish News publishes the newspaper. The publication's headquarters are in Farmington Hills, Michigan.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Henri Josse
Henri Josse (1828–23 July 1893) was a British politician. He was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby in 1892, resigning in 1893 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead. Josse was a naturalised Frenchman, he was a coal merchant in Grimsby as well as a banker in Paris.

Josee resigned his seat in parliament in February 1893 due to pressure of business, he died a few months later on 23 July 1893.

Coal merchant
A coal merchant is the term used in the UK and other countries for a trader who sells coal and often delivers it to households. Coal merchants were once a major class of local business, but have declined in importance in many parts of the developed world due to the rise of alternative heating methods, including central heating, gas, oil and electric heating. The men who carried the coal to households were called coal men.

The mass of coal homes burned was large; the UK government estimated in 1975 that the average household burning solid fuel used about 4.7 tons per year.
Arpachshad
Arpachshad (Hebrew: אַרְפַּכְשַׁד – ʾArpaḵšaḏ, in pausa אַרְפַּכְשָׁד‎ – ʾArpaḵšāḏ; Greek: Ἀρφαξάδ – Arphaxád), alternatively spelled Arphaxad or Arphacsad, was one of the five sons of Shem, the son of Noah (Genesis 10:22, 24; 11:10-13; 1 Chron. 1:17-18). His brothers were Elam, Asshur, Lud and Aram; he is an ancestor of Abraham. He is said by Gen. 11:10 to have been born two years after the Flood, when Shem was 100.

His name also appears in later books, including the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament.

Pausa
In linguistics, pausa (Latin for 'break', from Greek παῦσις, pâusis 'stopping, ceasing') is the hiatus between prosodic declination units. The concept is somewhat broad, as it is primarily used to refer to allophones that occur in certain prosodic environments, and these environments vary between languages.
Taylorville Reservoir
Taylorville Reservoir is located east of Belfort, New York. Fish species present in the lake are pickerel, white sucker, yellow perch and black bullhead. There is carry down access near the dam on the west shore off Taylorville Road. There is also carry down access at Double Eddy on the north shore.

American pickerel
The American pickerel (Esox americanus) is a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family. The genus Esox is placed in the family Esocidae (in the order Esociformes).

Two subspecies are sometimes recognised:

Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789;

Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.
M1895
M1895, or Model of 1895, can refer to:

Nagant M1895 - a revolver

Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 - an Austrian bolt-action rifle

M1895 Lee Navy - an American bolt-action rifle

Winchester Model 1895 - a lever-action rifle

M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun - a machine gun

10-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

12-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

16-inch gun M1895 - a U.S. Army coast artillery piece

12-inch gun M1895
The 12-inch coastal defense gun M1895 (305 mm) and its variants the M1888 and M1900 were large coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1895 and 1945. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. Most were installed on disappearing carriages, with early installations on low-angle barbette mountings. From 1919, 19 long-range two-gun batteries were built using the M1895 on an M1917 long-range barbette carriage. Almost all of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped during and after World War II.
Crawford Elementary School
Crawford Elementary School can refer to:

Crawford Elementary School - Russellville, Arkansas - Russellville School District (RSD)

Crawford Elementary School - Arcadia, Louisiana - Bienville Parish School Board

Crawford Elementary School - Aurora, Colorado - Aurora Public Schools

Crawford Elementary School - Houston, Texas - Houston Independent School District

Crawford Elementary School - Crawford, Texas - Crawford Independent School District

Crawford Elementary School - Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska - Fairbanks North Star Borough School District

Crawford, Texas
Crawford is a town located in western McLennan County, Texas, United States.
Crawford is part of the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 887.

The town was incorporated on August 12, 1897.

It is best known as the home of the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush.  He currently resides part-time at the Prairie Chapel Ranch, which is located just outside Crawford, Texas.
I Will Fear No Evil
I Will Fear No Evil is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, originally serialised in Galaxy (July, August/September, October/November, December 1970) and published in hardcover in 1970.  The title is taken from Psalm 23:4.

Psalm 23
Psalm 23 is the 23rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "The Lord is my shepherd". In Latin, it is known by the incipit, "Dominus regit me".  The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 22.

Like many psalms, Psalm 23 is used in both Jewish and Christian liturgies. It has often been set to music.
Prescod
Prescod is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colin Prescod (born 1944), British sociologist and cultural activist

Gail Prescod (born 1971), Vincentian sprinter

Margaret Prescod, activist, author, journalist and radio host

Nzingha Prescod (born 1992), American foil fencer

Pearl Prescod (1920–1966), Tobagonian actress and singer

Reece Prescod (born 1996), British sprinter

Samuel Jackman Prescod (1806–1871), first person of African descent elected to the Parliament of Barbados

Trevor Prescod, Barbadian politician

Pearl Prescod
Pearl Priscilla Prescod (28 May 1920 – 25 June 1966) was a Tobagonian actress and singer. She was one of the earliest Caribbean entertainers to appear on British television and was the first Black woman to appear with London's National Theatre Company.

Prescod arrived in Britain in the early 1950s and resided in Notting Hill, London. During her time in Britain, she was cast in numerous television roles and theatre productions, and was active in the anti-racism struggle in London in the late 1950s and early '60s.  With her close friend, journalist and activist Claudia Jones, Prescod helped co-ordinate London's first "Caribbean Carnival" event, which took place in St Pancras Town Hall in January 1959, and is considered a precursor of the Notting Hill Carnival.
Oklahoma Cyclone
Oklahoma Cyclone is a 1930 American pre-Code Western film directed by John P. McCarthy that is a forerunner of the singing cowboy genre. It stars Bob Steele in his second talking picture playing the title role and singing. The film was released by Tiffany Pictures. The film was remade as Song of the Gringo.

Al St. John
Alfred St. John (September 10, 1892 – January 21, 1963) was an early American motion-picture comedian. He was a nephew of silent film star Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, with whom he often performed on screen. Also credited as Al Saint John and "Fuzzy" St. John, he was employed by Mack Sennett and also worked with many other leading players such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Mabel Normand. His film career successfully transitioned from the silent era into sound, and by the late 1930s and 1940s he was working predominantly in Westerns, often portraying the scruffy comedy-relief character "Fuzzy Q. Jones". Among his notable performances in that role are in the "Billy the Kid" series of films released by the Producers Releasing Corporation from 1940 to 1946 and in that company's "Lone Rider" series from 1941 to 1943.
Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway
Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway, abbreviated as Husutong railway (Chinese: 沪苏通铁路; pinyin: Hù-Sū-Tōng tiělù, "Hu", "Su" and "Tong" being the abbreviations for Shanghai, Suzhou and Nantong, respectively) is a higher-speed railway in China's Yangtze River Delta area, connecting Shanghai, the region's main city located south of the Yangtze, with Nantong in Jiangsu province, north of the river.

The railway is 143 kilometres (89 mi) in length and traverses several county-level cities in Suzhou Municipality of Jiangsu along the south bank of the Yangtze including Zhangjiagang, Changshu and Taicang. The railway is designed to accommodate maximum train speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph), the operation of electric traction hauled double-stack container trains and has reduced train travel time from Nantong to Shanghai to just over one hour.

Higher-speed rail
Higher-speed rail (HrSR) is used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds higher than conventional rail but not fast enough to be called high-speed rail services. The term is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks.

Though the definition of higher-speed rail varies from country to country, most countries refer to rail services operating at speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph).

The concept is usually viewed as stemming from efforts to upgrade a legacy railway line to high speed railway standards (speeds in excess of 250 km/h or 155 mph), but usually falling short on the intended speeds. The faster speeds are achieved through various means including new rolling stock such as tilting trains, upgrades to tracks including shallower curves, electrification, in-cab signalling, and less frequent halts/stops.
The Conjuring (soundtrack)
The Conjuring (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2013 film The Conjuring directed by James Wan. The film score is composed by Joseph Bishara, whom he had previously collaborated with Wan on Insidious (2011). The score was recorded at the Warner Bros. Eastwood Scoring Stage in Warner Bros., Burbank, Signature Sound Studios, San Diego and Capitol Studios, Los Angeles. La-La Land Records and WaterTower Music released the soundtrack on July 16, 2013.

Insidious (film)
Insidious is a 2010 supernatural horror film directed and co-edited by James Wan, written by Leigh Whannell, and starring Patrick Wilson, Rose Byrne, and Barbara Hershey. It is the first installment in the Insidious franchise and the third in terms of the series' in-story chronology. The story centers on a married couple whose boy inexplicably enters a comatose state and becomes a vessel for a variety of demonic entities in an astral plane.

Insidious had its world premiere on September 14, 2010, at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) and received a wide theatrical release on April 1, 2011, by FilmDistrict. The film is followed by two sequels, Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), Insidious: The Red Door (2023); and two prequels, Insidious: Chapter 3 (2015) and Insidious: The Last Key (2018).
Bit Boy!!
Bit Boy!! is an action video game developed by Austrian studio Bplus for Nintendo's WiiWare service. It was released in Europe on July 3, 2009, North America on July 13, 2009, and in Japan on March 30, 2010 as Bit Man!! (ビットマン, Bitto Man) by Marvelous Entertainment.

Marvelous (company)
Marvelous Inc. (株式会社マーベラス, Kabushiki-gaisha Māberasu; previously known as Marvelous Entertainment and Marvelous AQL, stylized as MARVELOUS!) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer. The company was founded in 1997 but formed in its current state in October 2011 after MMV acquired AQ Interactive and Liveware.
Percy Wells (businessman)
Percy Wells (15 February 1825 – 2 December 1909) was an English businessman who had a career in the colony of South Australia. Wells acted as agent in South Australia for the English marine engineering firm of Wells Brothers, of which his brother George Wells was a principal.

Marine engineering
Marine engineering is the engineering of watercrafts, ocean systems, and ocean structures. After completing this degree, one can join a ship as an officer in the engine department and eventually rise to the rank of chief engineer. This rank is one of the top ranks onboard and is equal to the rank of a ship's captain. Marine engineering is the highly preferred course to join the merchant Navy as an officer, as it provides ample opportunities in terms of both afloat and ashore jobs.

Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sciences, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and computer Engineering, to the development, design, operation and maintenance of watercraft propulsion and ocean systems. It includes but is not limited to power and propulsion plants, machinery, piping, automation and control systems for marine vehicles of any kind, as well as coastal and offshore structures.
Virgil Ortiz
Virgil Ortiz (born 1969) is a Pueblo artist, known for his pottery and fashion design from Cochiti Pueblo, New Mexico. Ortiz makes a variety of pottery, including traditional Cochiti figurative pottery, experimental figurative pottery, traditional pottery vessels. His clothing and jewelry designs are influenced by traditional Native American pattern and aesthetics. He is best known for his edgy pottery figures, his contemporary take on the traditional Cochiti pottery figures (monos) from the late 1800s.

Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center
The Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center at Colorado College (FAC) is an arts center located just north of downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. Located on the same city block are the American Numismatic Association and part of the campus of Colorado College. The center uses a thick red outline of a square as its logo. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 3, 1986, under the former name Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center.
Kopuarahi
Kopuarahi is a rural settlement and farming community in the Hauraki District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.

The settlement is located on the outskirts of Thames, between Pipiroa and Kopu, on State Highway 25. It is situated at the north-eastern corner of the Hauraki Plains, just south of the Firth of Thames, just east of the Piako River, and west of the Waihou River.

Piako River
The Piako River is a lowland river system that drains into the Firth of Thames on the North Island of New Zealand. Together with the Waihou River, it is one of the two main rivers systems which drains the Hauraki Plains.  It is the dominant river system in the Matamata-Piako District, and on its journey it passes through the towns of Morrinsville and Ngatea.
Fernando Varela (singer)
Fernando Varela (born May 1, 1980) is a Puerto Rican operatic and classical crossover tenor, who has performed in staged operas, as a member of the classical crossover trio Forte Tenors, and as a solo artist.  As a solo artist, he has toured internationally with David Foster, and also tours independently, having completed a European tour in 2016.  In 2017, Varela debuted his PBS special "Fernando Varela: Coming Home", performed at the Grammy Museum Gala honoring David Foster, and joined Sarah Brightman on the Royal Christmas Gala tour November - December, 2017. From 2018 into 2020, Varela has toured extensively with David Foster, and has participated in several charitable events.

PRxPR
PRxPR is a non-governmental, private disaster relief fund which was created to provide short-term recovery efforts as well as rebuilding assistance to Puerto Rico in the wake of the devastation caused by hurricanes Irma and Maria. They have continued to work in providing sustainable infrastructure changes to the island, as well as grants and assistance to individuals in the hardest hit areas.