hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lady Liu (Yuan Shao)
Lady Liu (劉夫人) was a Chinese noblewoman who lived during the Han dynasty. She was a concubine of Yuan Shao, the Grand Administrator of Bohai. She was also the mother of Yuan Shang, third son and successor of Yuan Shao. After Yuan Shao's death, she succeeded him as the de facto leader. She is best known for starting a conspiracy against members of the Yuan family and plotting the murder of Yuan Shao's five concubines so that her son would become the family's sole heir.

Pang Ji
Pang Ji (died 202), courtesy name Yuantu, was a Chinese politician serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.

Pang Ji was criticised by Cao Cao's advisor Xun Yu as "brave but heedless of other's opinions." Being very bitter towards his rivals, Pang Ji slandered Tian Feng after Yuan Shao's defeat at the Battle of Guandu and caused Tian Feng to commit suicide. Pang Ji later went on to serve under Yuan Shang, Yuan Shao's successor.

Since Yuan Shang was the youngest of Yuan Shao's sons, there was intense sibling rivalry. Yuan Shao's eldest son Yuan Tan was on the verge of rebellion, and Pang Ji and Shen Pei suggested sending a small army to aid Yuan Tan in the defence against Cao Cao's follow-up attacks in order to resolve the tension. Pang Ji went along as an emissary. However, Yuan Tan was not pleased with the reinforcements and demanded that Yuan Shang send more troops. He was flatly refused by Shen Pei and he killed Pang Ji in anger.
Munin (software)
Munin is a free and open-source computer system monitoring, network monitoring, and infrastructure monitoring software application.

Munin is written in Perl and uses RRDtool to create graphs, which are accessible over a web interface. Its emphasis is on plug and play capabilities. About 500 monitoring plugins are currently available. It is intended to make it easy to determine "what's different today" when a performance problem happens and to provide visibility into capacity and utilization of resources.

System resource
A computer system resource is any hardware or software aspect of limited availability that is accessible to a computer system. Like any resource, computer system resources can be exhausted, and issues arise due to scarcity.

Resource management, a key aspect of designing hardware and software, includes preventing resource leaks (not releasing a resource done with it) and handling resource contention (when multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks.
Jayson Blair
Jayson Thomas Blair (born March 23, 1976) is a former American journalist who worked for The New York Times. In May 2003, he resigned from the newspaper following the revelation of fabrication and plagiarism within his articles.

In 2004, he published a memoir entitled Burning Down My Masters' House reflecting on his career, discussing his diagnosis of bipolar disorder following his resignation from the New York Times, and offering his perspective on race relations at the newspaper; he subsequently established a bipolar disorder support group and pursued a life-coaching career.

Coaching
Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.
Émile Bertrand
Émile Bertrand (1844–1909) was a French mineralogist, in honour of whom bertrandite was named by Alexis Damour.  He also gave his name to the Bertrand lens or phase telescope.

He studied at the Ecole des Mines in Paris and was a co-founder of the Société française de minéralogie et de cristallographie. He wrote a book on the application of microscopy to mineralogical studies, "De l'Application du microscope à l'étude de la minéralogie" (1878); published a translation of Ernst Mach's work on the history of mechanics, "La mécanique: exposé historique et critique de son développement" (1904); and is credited with the design of a refractometer.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Ischnocnema izecksohni
Ischnocnema izecksohni is a species of frogs in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and known from the Espinhaço and Mantiqueira Mountains. Common name Izecksohn's robber frog has been coined for this species.

Espinhaço Mountains
The Espinhaço Mountains (Portuguese: Serra do Espinhaço, IPA: [ˈsɛʁɐ dw ispĩˈɲasu]) are a mountain range in Brazil. The range runs roughly north and south through the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, extending for approximately 1,100 km (680 mi). It forms the divide between the upper watershed of the São Francisco River and those of the shorter rivers which flow east into the Atlantic Ocean, including the Doce, the Jequitinhonha, and the Pardo rivers. Pico do Sol, its highest peak, rises to 2,072 metres (6,798 ft), in Catas Altas town (Caraça National Park). The historical town of Diamantina is located in the Espinhaço Mountains. The Espinhaço Mountains were a major route through which Minas Gerais was settled during the Brazilian Gold Rush of the 18th century.
Atlanta Gay Center
The Atlanta Gay Center was a community center that served the gay community in Atlanta, Georgia (United States). It was founded in 1976. It has since closed and been replaced by the Atlanta Gay and Lesbian Community Center.

The center published a bi-weekly newspaper, and operated the Gay Helpline for the Atlanta area.  The center was the meeting place for several support groups including those for teens, interracial couples, older couples, and P-FLAG.

During the early 1980s, in the early days of HIV/AIDS awareness, the Atlanta Gay Center offered free testing and support groups.

PFLAG
PFLAG is an LGBTQ advocacy organization founded and led by friends and family of LGBTQ people. PFLAG is a national organization presiding over decentralized local and regional chapters. PFLAG has over 360 chapters across the United States, with more than 550,000 members and supporters.

PFLAG (pronounced /ˈpiːflæɡ/ PEE-flag) was originally an acronym, standing for Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (later broadened to Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays). Until 1993, the name was hyphenated as P-FLAG. In 2014, the organization's members voted to make PFLAG the group's only official name and drop the phrase for which it previously stood, citing wider advocacy for groups beyond homosexual people.
Igors Sokolovs
Igors Sokolovs (born 17 August 1974 in Riga) is a Latvian hammer thrower.

He competed at the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

His personal best throw is 80.14 metres, achieved in May 2009 in Riga, which so far is the 5th best result in 2009 season in the world.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Gary Schellenberger
Gary Ralph Schellenberger (born September 15, 1943) is a Canadian politician.  He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2003 to 2015, and represented the riding of Perth Wellington for the Conservative Party. Schellenberger won five successive elections in eight years from 2003 to 2011. He did not stand for re-election in 2015.

41st Canadian Parliament
The 41st Canadian Parliament was in session from June 2, 2011 to August 2, 2015, with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2011 federal election held on May 2, 2011. It was dissolved prior to the 2015 federal election.

There were three sessions of the 41st Parliament:
William D. Harrington
William D. Harrington (June 22, 1832 – April 15, 1904) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1878 to 1886 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was born in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, the son of Aaron DeWolf Harrington and Rebecca Purcell. Harrington was married three times: first to Amy Northrop, then to Jean Lydiard and finally to his cousin Elizabeth Harrington Wadsworth. He was a grocer. Harrington served as customs collector from 1888 to 1904. He died in Halifax at the age of 71.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Catch Me Daddy
Catch Me Daddy is a 2014 British thriller film directed by Daniel Wolfe. It was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. The film received its British debut screening at the 2014 London Film Festival. Sameena Ahmed won the award at the festival for the Best British Newcomer. It was shown at the Leeds Film Festival in November 2014. Wolfe wrote the script with his brother, Matthew Wolfe.

Directors' Fortnight
The Directors' Fortnight (French: Quinzaine des cinéastes, formerly Quinzaine des réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival. It was started in 1969 by the French Directors Guild after the events of May 1968 resulted in cancellation of the Cannes festival as an act of solidarity with striking workers.

The Directors' Fortnight showcases a programme of shorts and feature films and documentaries worldwide.
Charlie Flood
Charles William Flood (18 July 1896 – 14 November 1978) was an English footballer and first-class cricketer.

Flood played football for Plymouth Argyle, Hull City, Bolton Wanderers, Nottingham Forest, York City and Swindon Town.

During the 1920s, he played cricket for Hull, though his service with them was frequently interrupted by his football commitments.

He later played cricket with Sir Julien Cahn's XI in various matches from 1929 to 1937 and for the Combined Services in 1943. A wicket-keeper, he toured South America in the winter of 1929–30 with Cahn's XI. He was born in Newport, Isle of Wight and died in Beverley, Yorkshire.

Combined Services cricket team
The Combined Services cricket team represents the British Armed Forces. The team played at first-class level in England for more than 40  years in the mid-20th century. Their first first-class match was against Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1920, while their last was against Oxford University at Aldershot in 1964. Combined Services have continued to play cricket thereafter, albeit at minor level.
Tatton Brinton
Sir Esme Tatton Cecil Brinton (4 January 1916 – 26 September 1985) was a British Conservative Party politician.

At the 1964 general election, Brinton was elected as Member of Parliament for Kidderminster.  He was re-elected twice, before stepping down at the February 1974 general election, when he was succeeded by the Conservative candidate Esmond Bulmer.

1964 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 15 October 1964. It resulted in the Conservatives, led by Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home, narrowly losing to the Labour Party, led by Harold Wilson; Labour secured a parliamentary majority of four seats and ended its thirteen years in opposition since the 1951 election. At age 47, Wilson became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Rosebery in 1894.
Markua
Markua, also spelled, Markuwa is a village in Garautha tehsil, Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The village is famous for a Hindu temple named Ramraja Sarkar. A temple of the same name also exists in Orchha, Madhya Pradesh.

Garautha
Garautha is a Tehsil and a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. The Garautha City is divided into 10 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. Garautha is 80 and 36 km away from Jhansi and Tahrauli. There is also tehseel headquarter. Garautha is a largest Tahseel of Jhansi District. There are some religious places near Garautha as Jharkhand dham, Hanuman mandir, lathator dham ashram.
Crescent Glacier (Alaska)
Crescent Glacier is a 5.5-mile-long (8.9 km) glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska. It trends northwest on the east bank of College Fjord, 55 miles (89 km) west of Valdez. It was named by members of the 1899 Harriman Alaska Expedition.

Harriman Alaska expedition
The Harriman Alaska expedition explored the coast of Alaska for two months from Seattle to Alaska and Siberia and back again in 1899. It was organized by wealthy railroad magnate Edward Harriman. Harriman brought with him an elite community of scientists, artists, photographers, and naturalists to explore and document the Alaskan coast.
Swaroopathil Nair
Swaroopathil Nair is a subcaste belonging to the Nair community of Kerala, India. They are found only in Travancore, where they were the warriors and the Jenmimar (feudal lords). They were also involved in administrative duties in the Travancore region.

In Malabar, two related subcastes, Akathu Charna Nairs and Purathu Charna Nairs, are treated as equivalent to Swaroopathil Nairs in caste hierarchy. They have different subgroups, including Parisha Menon, Pattola Menon, and Menoky. The Charna Nairs constitute the largest Nair population in Malabar.

Warrior
A warrior is a guardian specializing in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based warrior culture society that recognizes a separate warrior aristocracy, class, or caste.
Mazenod College, Victoria
Mazenod College is an independent, Roman Catholic, day-school for boys, located in Mulgrave, Victoria. It is one of three schools run by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) and the only one in Victoria. Mazenod College is a member of the Associated Catholic Colleges. Currently, the principal is Dr. Paul Shannon with the rector currently being Fr. Harry Dyer OMI.

Niendorfer TSV
Niendorfer Turn- und Sportverein von 1919 e. V., short Niendorfer TSV, is a sports club from the Niendorf district of Hamburg. In addition to the football department, whose 1st team currently plays in the Oberliga Hamburg, the club has on offer in the following sports: badminton, baseball/softball, basketball, handball, judo, ju-jitsu, karate, amateur theatre, athletics, prellball, chess, swimming, dancing, table tennis, tennis, gymnastics, and volleyball.
Allyl cyanide
Allyl cyanide is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCH2CN.  Like other small alkyl nitriles, allyl cyanide is colorless and soluble in organic solvents.  Allyl cyanide occurs naturally as an antifeedant and is used as a cross-linking agent in some polymers.

Antifeedant
Antifeedants are chemicals produced by plants (phytochemicals) which repel insects through distaste. Alternative names for antifeedants are: antifeeding compounds, feeding deterrents, feeding rejectants, feeding suppressants, feeding inhibitors, gustatory repellents, phagodepressants, anorexigenics and anti-appetants.
Hoopper
Hoopper (born Allyson Rodrigo da Silva, 30 November 1993) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter based in Milan, Italy. His work is generally associated with Dark R&B, Alternative R&B, and Contemporary R&B, and is noted for its restrained production style and introspective lyrical approach. He has released two studio albums and is the creator of MMAM, a multi-part musical project scheduled for release throughout 2026.

Alternative R&B
Alternative R&B (also referred to as alt-R&B, indie R&B, and originally known as PBR&B, hipster R&B, emo R&B, or R-Neg-B) is a term used by music journalists to describe a stylistic alternative to contemporary R&B that began in the mid 2000s and came to prominence with musical artists such as Frank Ocean, Khalid, SZA, Summer Walker, Jhené Aiko, Brent Faiyaz, Zayn Malik, Tyler, the Creator, Steve Lacy, Childish Gambino, Miguel, Drake, The Weeknd, Kehlani, Tinashe, Bryson Tiller, PartyNextDoor, Tory Lanez, 6lack, and others. It is considered to be "more progressive and diverse" than its mainstream counterpart.
Jorge Couto
Jorge António Pinto do Couto CvIH (born 1 July 1970) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a right winger.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 287 matches and 27 goals over 14 seasons, representing in the competition Porto and Boavista and winning 13 major titles between both clubs.

From 2015, Couto worked as a coach in different roles at Boavista.

Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese: Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese infante Prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of the Age of Discovery. Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980.

It is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal.
STVS
STVS (Surinaamse Televisie Stichting) is a television network in Suriname and was founded in 1965 by Prime Minister Johan Adolf Pengel. It broadcasts in the Dutch language and it is owned by the government. It is headquartered in Paramaribo, Suriname. The picture format of the STVS television network is 480i (SDTV).

Standard-definition television
Standard-definition television (SDTV; also standard definition or SD) is a digital television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high or enhanced definition. Standard refers to offering a similar resolution to the analog broadcast systems used when it was introduced.
Good Hope Baptist Church
Good Hope Baptist Church is a historic Southern Baptist church located near Eastover, Richland County, South Carolina.  It was built in 1857, and is a two-story, rectangular frame building.  It has a front gable roof and a full height Greek Revival front portico.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Qasim Mehdi
S. Qasim Mehdi (or Syed Qasim Mehdi; 13 February 1941 – 28 September 2016) was a renowned Pakistani molecular biologist who worked in population genetics. He was a founding member of the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) with prominent role in the initiation of this project at the Stanford University.

Biochemical Society
The Biochemical Society is a learned society in the United Kingdom in the field of biochemistry, including all the cellular and molecular biosciences. It was founded in 1911 and acquired the existing Biochemical Journal the following year. The society additionally publishes the journals Clinical Science and Biochemical Society Transactions via its publishing arm, Portland Press. It awards the Colworth Medal and formerly awarded the CIBA Medal (Novartis Medal). As of 2024, the president is Julia Goodfellow.
Jedh Colby Barker
Jedh Colby Barker (June 20, 1945 – September 21, 1967) was a United States Marine Corps Lance Corporal who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for heroism during the Vietnam War in September 1967.

While participating in Operation Kingfisher, Barker's platoon was attacked by North Vietnamese forces in the western part of the Leatherneck Square. The platoon got into cover, and Barker lay down suppressing fire on the Vietnamese positions. When a grenade was thrown into the American defensive position, Barker jumped onto it and saved the lives of fellow injured Marines.

Leatherneck Square
Leatherneck Square was an area just south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone that separated North Vietnam and South Vietnam.: 22

The corners of the square were Con Thien and Firebase Gio Linh in the north, Đông Hà Combat Base and Cam Lộ, in the south, making it about 6 miles (9.7 km) wide (east to west) and about 9 miles (14 km) deep north to south).: 18, 40

Some of the heaviest fighting of the Vietnam War was fought in this 54+ square mile area. The official figures on losses in all operations in this area from Operation Prairie III/IV,: 30  through Hickory, Cimarron, Buffalo, Kingfisher and Kentucky,: 40  i.e., from March 1967 to February, 1969 were 1,419 Marines and Navy Corpsmen killed in action and 9,265 Marines and Corpsmen wounded in action. People's Army of Vietnam losses were put at 7,563 killed, wounded unknown.