hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 7090
NGC 7090 is a spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Indus located about 31 million light-years away. English astronomer John Herschel first observed this galaxy on 4 October 1834.

The morphological class of NGC 7090 is Scd, indicating it is a spiral with loosely-wound and somewhat disorganized arms. The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 89° to the line of sight from the Earth, giving it an edge-on view. The combined mass of the stars in this galaxy is 5.5 billion times the mass of the Sun (M☉), while the star formation rate is ~0.5 M☉·yr−1. As a result of star formation, the diffuse ionized gas in the galaxy has a complex organization, showing filaments, bubbles, and super-shells.

Three transient ultraluminous X-ray sources have been detected in NGC 7090.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Stan Rowley
Stanley Rupert Rowley (11 September 1876 – 1 April 1924) was an Australian sprinter who won four medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was born in Young, New South Wales and died in Manly, New South Wales.

Manly, New South Wales
Manly is a beach-side suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of the Sydney central business district and is currently one of the three administrative centres of the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Manly has a long-standing reputation as a tourist destination, owing to its attractive setting on the Pacific Ocean and easy accessibility by ferry.
2014 Red Rock Pro Open – Singles
Melanie Oudin was the defending champion, having won the event in 2013, but lost in the second round to Jennifer Brady.

Madison Brengle won the title, defeating Michelle Larcher de Brito 6–1, 6–4 in the final.

Madison Brengle
Madison Brengle (born April 3, 1990) is an American professional tennis player. Her biggest success came in early 2015 when she reached her first WTA Tour final in January, followed by a fourth round major event appearance at the Australian Open. In May of that year, she reached her career-high singles ranking of No. 35.

Brengle has won two singles titles and one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour, and 19 singles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

In August 2007, she was ranked fourth in the world in juniors. Brengle then toiled for years in the ITF Circuit. Over the course of 24 consecutive majors from 2008 to 2014, she failed to make it out of the pre-tournament qualifier. The streak ended when she earned a wildcard for the 2014 US Open main draw, which she capitalized on for her first major match-win. Her ranking soon rose into the top 100 for the first time in September 2014.
William Gates Building
William Gates Building might refer to several structures named after Bill Gates, other members of the Gates family, or his former wife, Melinda French Gates:

Gates Computer Science Building, Stanford, California, U.S.

William Gates Building, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, England

Gates Center for Computer Science, at Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Bill and Melinda Gates Hall, at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, U.S.

William H. Gates Building, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.

Bill and Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex, at University of Texas at Austin, U.S.

William H. Gates Hall (Seattle), at University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Bill and Melinda Gates Center for Computer Science & Engineering, at University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington, U.S.

Cornell University College of Engineering
The Cornell University College of Engineering (formally the David A. Duffield College of Engineering) is the engineering school of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, United States. It was founded in 1870 as the Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic Arts.

It currently grants bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in a variety of engineering and applied science fields.
Guaicaro language
Guaicaro (Guaïcaro) is an extinct, unclassified language of Patagonia known only from a 19-word list and personal names.

The Guaicaro people apparently lived on the Brunswick Peninsula, bordering the Tehuelche to their northeast in around Laguna Blanca.

The Guaicaros (also rendered Guaïkaros, Guaicurúes, Huacurúes) were apparently the same people known as the Huemules (Güemules) and Supalios.

Huemul Island
Huemul Island (Spanish: Isla Huemul) is an island in the Nahuel Huapi Lake, off the shore of San Carlos de Bariloche, a city in the province of Río Negro, Argentina, at 41°06′23″S 71°23′42″W﻿ / ﻿41.10639°S 71.39500°W﻿ / -41.10639; -71.39500. It derives its name from the Mapuche chief Güemul, whose tribe inhabited the area. Considered a historical and ecological tourist attraction, it has recently been conceded to the municipality of Bariloche after licitations with the government of Río Negro.
2019 Weltklasse Zürich
The 2019 Weltklasse Zürich was an outdoor track and field meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. Held on 28–29 August at the Letzigrund, it was the thirteenth leg of the 2019 IAAF Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit – and the first half of the final for 2019 (the second half being held during the Memorial Van Damme in Brussels, Belgium on 6 September). It was the tenth and last edition of the meet to co-host the Diamond League final with the Memorial Van Damme; the Weltklasse Zürich would exclusively host the final in 2020 but this was canceled due to then ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Because of the late World Athletics Championships, the Diamond League final was for the first time held before the World Athletics Championships. Sixteen Diamond League champions (eight men and eight women) were determined and received wildcards to compete at the 2019 World Athletics Championships. Thirteen more events were contested outside the Diamond League.

Memorial Van Damme
The Memorial Van Damme is an annual athletics event at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, that takes place in late August or early September. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it now serves as a final event of the Diamond League, along with Weltklasse Zürich between 2010 and 2019. In 2024 and 2026, Memorial Van Damme will serve as the sole final of the Diamond League.

It was first organized in 1977 by a group of journalists in honour of Ivo Van Damme, a Belgian double medal winner at the Montreal Olympics who was killed the previous year in a car accident at the age of 22.
Jiang Xiaowan
Jiang Xiaowan was the interpreter who accompanied Aurel Stein on his expedition to Dunhuang in 1907 and enabled Stein to secure the purchase of ancient manuscripts, including the Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest dated printed text.

Aurel Stein
Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FRAS, FBA
(Hungarian: Stein Márk Aurél; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at Indian universities.

Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts bought from Dunhuang caves is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include Ancient Khotan, Serindia and Innermost Asia.
A Jolly Bad Fellow
A Jolly Bad Fellow (U.S. title: They All Died Laughing; also known as Don Among the Dead Men) is a 1964 British black comedy film directed by Don Chaffey and starring Leo McKern and Janet Munro. It was written by Robert Hamer and Donald Taylor based on C.E. Vulliamy's 1952 novel Don among the Dead Men.

A university professor advances his career through habitually poisoning his colleagues at the university.

Filmink called it "an attempt by Michael Balcon to recapture the magic of Ealing" and gave a rare leading film role to Leo McKern.

FilmInk
FilmInk is an Australian film magazine published by FKP International Exports. It was founded by current publisher Dov Kornits and Colin Fraser in July 1997, in Sydney. The magazine has been through many changes over the course of its existence, beginning as a black-and-white free press publication with Hoyts, and evolving into a glossy newsstand title. In February 2011, FilmInk became the first film magazine in the world to release an application for online tablet reading, with the magazine sold through the iTunes Store, and going through another major change. In 2016, the magazine released its final print version of the magazine as it transitioned into an online-only format. FilmInk is a consumer-based publication that covers all types of films, from arthouse releases to the biggest blockbusters. It focuses primarily on Australian films and covers every local release in detail.
Quothquan
Quothquan (also formerly spelled Couth-Boan, meaning "the beautiful hill"; Scottish Gaelic: A’ Choitcheann, pronounced [ə ˈxɔʰtʲçən̪ˠ], meaning "the common") is a village in Libberton parish, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is 3+1⁄4 miles (5.2 km) northwest of Biggar, and 7+1⁄2 miles (12.1 km) southeast of Lanark.

To the southwest is the 1,098-foot-high (335 m) hill Quothquan Law, topped by the remains of a hill fort. The hill comprises two elements, one is an enclosure to the southeast which is around 400 by 230 feet (120 by 70 m). The other is a lower larger annexe to the northwest, with double ramparts and a medial ditch which has mostly been filled in.

Lanark
Lanark (/ˈlænərk/ LAN-ərk; Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ]; Scots: Lanrik) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton. The town lies on the River Clyde, at its confluence with Mouse Water. In 2020, the town had a population of 8,880.

Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire, though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark, the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle.

Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Nderitu Gachagua
James Nderitu Gachagua (29 July 1952 – 24 February 2017) was a Kenyan politician who served as the first governor of Nyeri County having been elected in March 2013 on a GNU party ticket alongside deputy governor, Wamathai Samwel Githaiga. Nderitu studied Building Economics at the University of Nairobi. Before becoming governor, he served as the Member of Parliament for Mathira constituency. He is the elder brother of former Deputy President of Kenya Rigathi Gachagua.

Gachagua died on 24 February 2017 at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London while undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Royal Marsden Hospital
The Royal Marsden Hospital is a specialist National Health Service oncology hospital in London based at two sites in Brompton, in Kensington and Chelsea, and Belmont in Sutton. It is managed by The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and supported by The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity.

In addition to providing cancer diagnosis, treatment and care, The Royal Marsden is a major centre for cancer research and teaching. It has a close affiliation with the Institute of Cancer Research, which originated as the hospital's research department and is located alongside the hospital in Brompton and Belmont. Through its subsidiary The Royal Marsden School, it offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in cancer care validated by the University of East Anglia.
The Gentleman from Seventh Avenue
"The Gentleman From Seventh Avenue" was an American television play broadcast on January 30, 1958, as part of the second season of the CBS television series Playhouse 90. Elick Moll wrote the teleplay, Allen Reisner directed, Martin Manulis was the producer, and Albert Heschong was the art director. Walter Slezak, Patricia Neal, and Sylvia Sidney starred.

Television play
A television play is a television programming genre which is a drama performance broadcast from a multi-camera television studio, usually live in the early days of television but later recorded to tape. This is in contrast to a television movie, which employs the single-camera setup of film production.
Architecture of Sweden
This article covers the architecture of Sweden from a historical perspective.

As is the norm in the history of architecture, the architectural history of a nation naturally lends itself to the history of its monuments, and to the development of that nation's institutions of power: palaces, castles, and churches. This also applies in the case of the history of architecture in Sweden. The break comes with the modern era, with the change in the role of architects in society, towards a concern with questions concerning the entire population, such as housing and the infrastructure of a social democracy.

Linköping Cathedral
Linköping Cathedral (Swedish: Linköpings domkyrka) is an active Lutheran church in the Swedish city of Linköping, the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Linköping in the Church of Sweden. One of the largest Gothic cathedrals in Scandinavia, it is situated opposite Linköping Castle, on a site that has been in use as a church since the 11th century.
Drummaul
Drummaul is a townland and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Toome Upper and contains the town of Randalstown.

The name derives from the Irish: Druim Mail (Mal's ridge).

Barony (county division)
A barony is an administrative division of a county in Scotland, Ireland, outlying parts of England and historically France and Sardinia. As a barony is associated to a Baron and a county to a Count or Earl, it has a lower rank and importance than a county.
Coeliades chalybe
Coeliades chalybe, the blue policeman, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Greece, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, from Equatorial Guinea to Angola and to Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of primary and secondary forests.

Adults of both sexes feed at flowers on forest edges or along forest roads.  Adult males also feed from bird droppings.

The larvae feed on Theobroma cacao, Cynanchum, Acridocarpus (including Acridocarpus smeathmanni) and Marsdenia species.

Cynanchum
Cynanchum is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek kynos (meaning "dog") and anchein ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2020, the virus which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant
The Beta variant (B.1.351) was a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. One of several SARS-CoV-2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance, it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in late October 2020, which was reported by the country's health department on 18 December 2020. Phylogeographic analysis suggests this variant emerged in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in July or August 2020.

The World Health Organization labelled the variant as Beta variant, not to replace the scientific name but as a name for the public to commonly refer to. The WHO considers it to be a variant of concern no longer in circulation.
Tarmo Uustalu
Tarmo Uustalu (born 19 January 1969) is an Estonian computer scientist. He is a professor in the School of Computer Science at Reykjavík University and a lead research scientist at the Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech). At TalTech he heads the High-assurance Software Laboratory. Uustalu has been a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences since 2010.

Uustalu received the Estonian National Research Award in 2015 for a research series on mathematical structures in functional programming. In 2019 he was awarded the Order of the White Star, III class.

Estonian Academy of Sciences
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.  As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public.  As of March 2017, it had 77 full members and 20 foreign members.  Since 15 October 2014, the president of the Academy is the mathematician Tarmo Soomere.
Xanthoria kangarooensis
Xanthoria kangarooensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The type specimen was collected from East Kangaroo Island (Furneaux Group, Bass Strait), where it was found growing on dead Lycium ferocissimum shrubs. Other associated lichens include species of Pyxine, Ramalina, and Rinodina. The species epithet kangarooensis refers to its type locality, the only place the lichen is known to occur. Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed to transfer the taxon to the newly circumscribed Jackelixia in 2009, but this genus has not been widely accepted by other authorities.

Ramalina
Ramalina is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches.: 189  Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichens: 189  or cartilage lichens. Apothecia are lecanorine.: 189

It is in the family Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae.
American Civic Association (Binghamton)
The American Civic Association is an immigration services organization located in Binghamton, New York, that provides community integration services to immigrants and refugees in the Greater Binghamton region. It is unrelated to a former national organization and entity of the same name from the early 20th century.

The organization's services include refugee resettlement; citizenship classes; assistance with citizenship and green card information; and general help and assistance for immigration- and citizenship-related problems with services provided on a sliding scale of ability to pay by income. The organization is a member agency of (and therefore receives funding from) the United Way of Broome County. The ACA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit entity and is the only refugee resettlement agency in the Greater Binghamton area.

American Planning and Civic Association
The American Planning and Civic Association (APCA) was an American organization for improving living conditions in the United States, with an emphasis on improving the physical and structural growth of communities. Its purpose was briefly stated as "the cultivation of higher ideals of civic life and beauty in America, the promotion of city, town and neighborhood improvement, the preservation and development of landscape and the advancement of outdoor art." For the first ten years of its existence, it was known simply as the American Civic Association or ACA.  
The ACA was a municipal reform organization, and one of the few such organizations, national in its scope, that had no set parameters for its goals, but instead operated for the general betterment of municipal administration.
GCX
GCX or Gcx can refer to:

Global Cloud Xchange, a networking company from 2014 to 2022

Gaochang District, a district in Turpan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China; see List of administrative divisions of Xinjiang

Global Challenges Index, which the company Aurubis is listed in

Gorceixite, a mineral; see List of mineral symbols

Ghana Commodity Exchange, an agricultural commodity exchange based in Accra, Ghana; see List of commodities exchanges

Alltank Equipment Corporation, a company whose reporting mark on rail networks is "GCX"; see List of reporting marks: G

Gaochang, Turpan
Gaochang or Karahoja (Uyghur: قاراھوجا, romanized: Qarahoja, Қарахоҗа; Chinese: 高昌; pinyin: Gāochāng), is the only district and the seat of the oasis city of Turpan, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Its population was 254,900 at the end of 2003.
Christophe Samson
Christophe Samson (born 1 March 1984) is a French rugby union player. His position is Lock and he currently plays for Castres Olympique in the Top 14. He began his career with La Rochelle in the Pro D2 before moving to home-town club Clermont Auvergne in 2007. He moved to Toulon in 2010. He made his international debut in June 2012 during France's 2012 tour of Argentina.

Stade Rochelais
Stade Rochelais (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔʃlɛ]), commonly called La Rochelle, is a French professional rugby union club based in La Rochelle, France that competes in the Top 14. Founded in 1898 and wearing yellow and black, the club's first-team plays its home matches at Stade Marcel-Deflandre.

Alongside other French club Brive, La Rochelle is one of only two clubs that won the European Rugby Champions Cup (twice in its case; beating Leinster in both 2022 and 2023 finals) without succeeding in winning its domestic championship losing on both occasions against Toulouse in the final: the first time in 2021 and the second in 2023. Owned by several shareholders, including club president and coffee magnate Vincent Merling, the club is renowned for the fervour of its supporters and its continual sold-out home matches.