hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Scots law
The history of Scots law traces the development of Scots law from its early beginnings as a number of different custom systems among Scotland's early cultures to its modern role as one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom.  The various historic sources of Scots law, including custom, feudal law, canon law, Roman law and English law have created a hybrid or mixed legal system, which shares elements with English law and Northern Irish law but also has its own unique legal institutions and sources.

Ecclesiastical court
In organized Christianity, an ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain non-adversarial courts conducted by church-approved officials having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. Historically, they interpret or apply canon law. One of its primary bases was the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian, which is also considered the source of the civil law legal tradition.

In the United Kingdom, secular courts that took over the functions of the ecclesiastic courts, e.g. in family law, are still known as courts ecclesiastical as distinct from courts temporal.
Franzoni
Franzoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Franzoni (born 1947), American screenwriter

Enrico Franzoni (1920–2008), Swiss lawyer and politician

Francesco Antonio Franzoni (1734–1818), Italian sculptor

Giovanni Battista Franzoni (1928–2017), Italian dissident Catholic theologian

Giovanni Franzoni (alpine skier) (born 2001), Italian World Cup alpine ski racer

David Franzoni
David Harold Franzoni (born March 4, 1947) is an American screenwriter and film producer. He conceived the story for, co-wrote and co-produced the 2000 film Gladiator, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won the Academy Award for Best Picture. His other screenplays include King Arthur (2004), Amistad (1997), and Jumpin’ Jack Flash (1986).
International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
The International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines (IACM), formerly known as the International Association for Cannabis as a Medicine, is a non-profit scientific society founded in Cologne in 2000 and dedicated to the advancement of knowledge of cannabis and cannabinoid medicines among medical professionals. IACM is one of the few global non-profit medical societies or associations related to cannabis and Cannabinoids, along with the Society of Cannabis Clinicians and the International Cannabinoid Research Society.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Malgosa
Malgosa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joaquim Malgosa (born 1963), Spanish field hockey player

Juan Malgosa (born 1959), Spanish field hockey player

Santiago Malgosa (born 1956), Spanish field hockey player

Juan Malgosa
Juan Malgosa (born 29 August 1959) is a Spanish field hockey player. He was born in Barcelona. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the Spanish team placed eighth. He also competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
Tom Gates
Tom Gates is a British series of fiction and graphic books written by Liz Pichon taking the form of an illustrated diary written by the eponymous schoolboy. There are a total of 23 published Tom Gates books, as of 2025. The first book in the series, The Brilliant World of Tom Gates, was published in 2011 and won the Roald Dahl Funny Prize, a Red House Children's Book Award and a Waterstones Children's Book Prize. As of 2023 the books have sold more than 14 million copies worldwide and have been translated into 47 languages.

Children's Book Award (UK)
The Children's Book Award is a British literary award for children's books, run by the Federation of Children's Book Groups and previously known as the Red House Children's Book Award. Books published in the U.K. during the preceding calendar year are eligible. It recognises one "Overall" winner and one book in each of three categories: Books for Younger Children, Books for Younger Readers, and Books for Older Readers. The selections are made entirely by children, which is unique among British literary awards.

The Federation of Children's Book Groups owns and coordinates the Award, which it inaugurated in 1981 as the Children's Book Award. Its purpose has been "to celebrate the books that children themselves love reading." From 2001 to 2015 it was sponsored by the mail order bookshop Red House, a brand owned by bookselling company The Book People.
Masked owl
Masked owl or masked-owl refers to various owls in the genus Tyto, including:

Australian masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae)
Tasmanian masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae castanops)

Golden masked owl (Tyto aurantia)

Manus masked owl (Tyto manusi)

Minahasa masked owl (Tyto inexspectata)

Moluccan masked owl (Tyto sororcula)

Taliabu masked owl (Tyto nigrobrunnea)

Manus masked owl
The Manus masked owl (Tyto manusi) is a barn owl endemic to Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands. Some authors consider it a subspecies of Australian masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae).

It is a poorly known forest-dwelling species, which is rarely seen. Comparison with the closely related Australian masked owl indicates it is likely to have large territories, and the population may be smaller than 1000.
Miami (Morgan Wallen song)
"Miami" is a song by American country music singer Morgan Wallen from his fourth studio album I'm the Problem (2025). It contains an interpolation of "Miami, My Amy" by Keith Whitley and was produced by Charlie Handsome and Joey Moi. An official remix of the song featuring American rappers Lil Wayne and Rick Ross was released on July 25, 2025.

Charlie Handsome
Ryan Vojtesak, known professionally as Charlie Handsome, is an American record producer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia. Vojtesak has been credited on albums for artists including BigXthaPlug, Post Malone, Khalid, Drake, Kanye West, Travis Scott, The Weeknd, Young Thug, Juice WRLD, Chance the Rapper, Kodak Black, Sam Hunt, and Morgan Wallen.
Ischnura cervula
Ischnura cervula, the Pacific forktail, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Ischnura cervula is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Remmers
Remmers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guy Remmers (born 1995), English actor and model

Ingrid Remmers (1965–2021), German politician

Jan Remmers (1922–2013), Dutch footballer and coach

Mike Remmers (born 1989), American football player

Walter Remmers (1933-2018), German politician (CDU)

Werner Remmers (1930-2011), German politician (CDU)

Mike Remmers
Michael Remmers (born April 11, 1989) is an American former professional football offensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon State Beavers, where he finished his career with the sixth-most starts in school history. He signed as an undrafted free agent with the Denver Broncos in 2012 and played with six different franchises in his NFL career, and started in two Super Bowls.
Chatterer
Chatterer is a fictional character appearing in the Hellraiser franchise. He is a Cenobite, an order of extradimensional sadomasochists who experiment in extreme forms of hedonism. His name comes from the constant clicking of his teeth, his only means of communication. He serves the Cenobites' leader Pinhead. Chatterer has become a fan favourite character in the Hellraiser franchise.

Hellraiser: Hellseeker
Hellraiser: Hellseeker (also known as Hellraiser VI: Hellseeker) is a 2002 supernatural horror film directed by Rick Bota and written by Carl V. Dupré and Tim Day. The sixth film in the Hellraiser series, it features the return of Kirsty Cotton, the heroine from Hellraiser and its sequel. The film stars Dean Winters, Ashley Laurence, and Doug Bradley.

The film was made in 2001 in Vancouver, British Columbia and released straight to video in the United States on October 15, 2002.
Billboard Top Country & Western Records of 1954
Billboard Top Country & Western Records of 1954 is made up of two year-end charts compiled by Billboard magazine ranking the year's top country and western records based on record sales and juke box plays.

Hank Snow's "I Don't Hurt Anymore" was the year's No. 1 record on both the record sales and juke box charts.

"One by One", a duet by Kitty Wells and Red Foley, ranked No. 2 on both charts.

Webb Pierce had four of the year's top 10 best-selling records with "Slowly" (No. 3), "Even Tho" (No. 4), "More and More" (No. 6), and "There Stands the Glass" (No. 8).

Other artists with multiple records on the year-end lists included Slim Whitman and Eddy Arnold with three each.

Eddy Arnold
Richard Edward Arnold (May 15, 1918 – May 8, 2008) was an American country music singer. He was a Nashville sound (country/popular music) innovator of the late 1950s, and scored 147 songs on the Billboard country music charts, second only to George Jones. He sold more than 85 million records. A member of the Grand Ole Opry (beginning 1943) and the Country Music Hall of Fame (beginning 1966), Arnold ranked 22nd on Country Music Television's 2003 list of "The 40 Greatest Men of Country Music."
Bob Lenarduzzi
Robert Italo Lenarduzzi, OBC (born May 1, 1955) is a former North American Soccer League player, Canadian international, and coach of the Canadian national and Olympic soccer teams. He is currently club liaison for Vancouver Whitecaps FC. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992)
The Canadian Soccer League was a Division 1 professional soccer league that operated for six seasons between 1987 and 1992. It was a nationwide league that had teams in six provinces over the course of its history. It was the last top-division league in Canada until the Canadian Premier League began play in 2019.
Badhaai Ho (soundtrack)
Badhaai Ho is the soundtrack album to the 2018 film of the same name directed by Amit Ravindernath Sharma starring Ayushmann Khurrana, Sanya Malhotra, Gajraj Rao and Neena Gupta. The soundtrack featured five songs composed by Tanishk Bagchi, Rochak Kohli, JAM8 and Sunny and Inder Bawra, and lyrics written by Vayu Shrivastav, Kumaar and MellowD. T-Series released the soundtrack on 27 September 2018.

Gajraj Rao
Gajraj Rao (born 31 Dec 1970) is an Indian actor who appears predominantly in Hindi films. He is widely known for his performance in the comedy-drama film Badhaai Ho for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Two Rivers (Red River of the North tributary)
The Two Rivers is a 7.0-mile-long (11.3 km) river in Kittson County, northwestern Minnesota, in the United States. Formed by the North Branch of the Two Rivers and the South Branch of the Two Rivers, it is a tributary of the Red River of the North, with its outflow traveling north through Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

The North Branch flows 61.4 miles (98.8 km) from a point 8 miles (13 km) east of Lancaster, Minnesota to its confluence with the South Branch.  It runs entirely within Kittson County.  The South Branch rises in Roseau County, approximately 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Badger, and flows 99.4 miles (160.0 km) west to the North Branch.  It passes the town of Greenbush before entering Kittson County and passing the town of Lake Bronson.  At Hallock, the Middle Branch enters from the east.  The 28.0-mile (45.1 km) section of the South Branch downstream from the Middle Branch is shown on federal topographic maps as the main stem of Two Rivers.

Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg (French: Lac Winnipeg) is a 24,514-square-kilometre (9,465-square-mile) lake in North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Its southern end is about 55 kilometres (34 miles) north of the namesake city, Winnipeg. It is the 12th largest lake on Earth, Canada's sixth-largest freshwater lake, and the third-largest freshwater lake contained entirely within Canada. It is relatively shallow, with a mean depth of 12 metres [39 feet]. Its deepest section is a narrow 36-metre (118-foot) deep channel between the northern and southern basins.

The lake's east side has pristine boreal forests and rivers that were inscribed in 2018 as Pimachiowin Aki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The lake is 416 km (258 mi) from north to south, with remote sandy beaches, large limestone cliffs, and many bat caves in some areas. Manitoba Hydro uses the lake as one of the largest reservoirs in the world. There are many islands, most of them undeveloped.
BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness
BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness is a one-shot spin-off issue of the BRZRKR comic book series, telling the story of B's time as the guardian of Atlantis and protector of its ruler, King Azaes, how he came to be in this position, why he feels so strongly about the king, and the events that led to him leaving Atlantis in the end (although in this story B is known as Unute). It was written by Keanu Reeves and Steve Skroce, with art by Skorce and colors by Dave Stewart. It was published on July 26, 2023, by Boom! Studios to positive reviews.

Boom! Studios
Boom! Studios (stylized as BOOM! Studios), is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher. They are headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States. As of September 2024, the company is a subsidiary division of Penguin Random House.
Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo, Inc.
Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo, Inc., 598 U.S. 339 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that nothing in the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act categorically nullified any sovereign immunity the Board enjoyed from legal claims. The Court assumed without deciding that Puerto Rico was immune from suit in a United States district court, and that the Board had access to that immunity.

Sovereign immunity
Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts. State immunity is a similar, stronger doctrine, that applies to foreign courts.
A Nightmare on Elm Street (soundtrack)
A Nightmare on Elm Street (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2010 film A Nightmare on Elm Street; a remake of Wes Craven's 1984 film, as well as the ninth overall installment of the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise. The film's original score is composed by Steve Jablonsky and released through WaterTower Music on April 27, 2010, three days before the film's release.

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.
Sakawa
Sakawa is a Ghanaian term for illegal practices which combine modern Internet-based fraud with African traditionalist rituals. The term or word Sakawa is an Hausa word which means putting inside, how to make money. The rituals, which are mostly in the form of sacrifices, are intended to spiritually manipulate victims so that the scammer's fraud is successful.  The term Sakawa referred to specific online scams but has since broadened to include all types of online frauds and scams mainly targeting foreigners. The scammers flaunt stylish clothes, luxury cars, and enormous wealth, in order to promote this act. In impoverished areas, it can be seen as a way of survival for some.

Scammers involved in this practice call themselves Sakawa boys. A culture has developed around Sakawa which has influenced music and clothing brands. Movies depicting the lifestyle have become popular, a movement led by Ghanaian filmmaker Socrate Safo.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Table Tennis England
Table Tennis England, formerly the English Table Tennis Association, is the national governing body for table tennis in England, responsible for representing, coordinating, administering, marketing and developing the sport. Most of its annual income comes from government grants and Sport England funding. Table Tennis England runs three separate national championships every year – for U10-U13 players; cadets and juniors; and seniors – as well as operating the British League, a Grand Prix series and other irregularly held tournaments, including the English Open.

Sport England
Sport England is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Its role is to build the foundations of a community sport system by working with national governing bodies of sport, and other funded partners, to grow the number of people taking part in sport and physical activity; remove the barriers that make it harder for some people to be active; sustain participation levels; and help more talented people from all diverse backgrounds excel by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to the elite level.

As of 2025, Chris Boardman was the chairperson of Sport England.
2018 Crozet, Virginia, train crash
The Crozet, Virginia train crash was a railway accident that occurred on January 31, 2018. A chartered Amtrak train named Congressional Special Train 923, following the route normally used by the Amtrak Cardinal and carrying a group of politicians and lawmakers from the Republican Party, collided with a garbage truck at a level crossing at Lanetown Road in Crozet, Virginia, 12 miles (19 km) west of Charlottesville, Virginia. The train was chartered by Republican lawmakers for transportation from Washington Union Station to an annual retreat at The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Several politicians brought their spouses and children with them for the trip; no members of the general public were passengers.

White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
White Sulphur Springs is a city in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2020 census. The city emblem consists of five dandelion flowers and the citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.
Mount Tipton
Mount Tipton is a mountain in northwestern Arizona in the United States. With a summit elevation of 7,153 feet (2,180 m), it is the tallest mountain in the Cerbat Mountains which border Kingman on the north, and is the high point of the Mount Tipton Wilderness which comprises the entirety of the northern portion of the Cerbat Mountains. The community of Dolan Springs lies west at the base of Mount Tipton at the northwest side of the Cerbat Range.

Dolan Springs, Arizona
Dolan Springs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,989 at the 2020 census, down from 2,033 at the 2010 census.
Mount Ida Plantation
Mount Ida, also known as the Walker Reynolds House, was an antebellum mansion, built in the Greek Revival style beginning in 1840 by Walker Reynolds, between Sylacauga and Talladega in rural Talladega County, Alabama, United States.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Makino clan
The Makino clan (Japanese: 牧野氏, Hepburn: Makino-shi) are a daimyō branch of the samurai Minamoto clan in Edo period Japan.

In the Edo period, the Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.

Fudai daimyō
Fudai daimyō (譜代大名) was a class of daimyō (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. Fudai daimyō and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to the tozama daimyō and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period.