hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamamelis × intermedia
Hamamelis × intermedia, the hybrid witch hazel, is a flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is a hybrid of garden origin between H. japonica and H. mollis. Its Latin name refers to its intermediate appearance between those two species.

The hybrid was first described by Alfred Rehder in 1945.

It is a deciduous shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall and wide, with zig-zagging stems and alternate, simple leaves 15 cm (6 in) long, which turn yellow in autumn. The yellow, orange or red flowers with twisted petals appear on bare stems in midwinter through early spring.

Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them prized as garden subjects. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

Alfred Rehder
Alfred Rehder (4 September 1863 in Waldenburg, Saxony – 25 July 1949 in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts) was a German-American botanical taxonomist and dendrologist who worked at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. He is generally regarded as the foremost dendrologist of his generation.
Al-Jawāb al-Ṣaḥīḥ li-man baddala dīn al-Masīh
Al-Jawāb al-Ṣaḥīḥ li-man baddala dīn al-Masīḥ (The Sound Reply to Those Who Altered The Messiah’s Religion) is a book written between 1293 and 1321 CE, by Ibn Taymiyyah. The work is a detailed refutation of Christian doctrine. It was occasioned by Ibn Taymiyyah's receipt of a Letter from the People of Cyprus, itself a reworking of an earlier Letter to a Muslim Friend by the Christian bishop Paul of Antioch.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Leurotrigona
Leurotrigona is a genus of bees belonging to the family Apidae.

The species of this genus are found in South America.

Species:

Leurotrigona crispula Pedro & Camargo, 2009

Leurotrigona gracilis Pedro & Camargo, 2009

Leurotrigona muelleri (Friese, 1900)

Leurotrigona pusilla Moure & Camargo, 1988

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
Ron Davenport
Ronald Donovan Davenport (born December 22, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Miami Dolphins from 1985 to 1989. Davenport played college football for the Louisville Cardinals before being selected by the Dolphins in the sixth round of the 1985 NFL draft with the 167th overall pick. He scored 11 rushing touchdowns for the Dolphins in his rookie season.

Louisville Cardinals football
The Louisville Cardinals football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football. The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
McCullough Free Library
The John G. McCullough Free Library is a library located in the village of North Bennington, Vermont.   Established in 1921, the library is a member of the Catamount Library Network, a consortium of Vermont libraries with shared catalog and lending resources. The library serves North Bennington, Bennington, Shaftsbury, and surrounding towns.

Bennington, Vermont
Bennington is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. It is one of two shire towns (county seats) of the county, the other being Manchester. As of the 2020 US Census, the population was 15,333. Bennington is the most populous town in southern Vermont, the second-largest town in Vermont (after Colchester) and the fifth-largest municipality in the state.

The town is home to the Bennington Battle Monument, which is the tallest human-made structure in the state of Vermont. The town has a long history of manufacturing, primarily within wood processing. The town is also recognized nationally for its pottery, iron, and textiles.
Arun Valley
Arun Valley is located in Khandbari, Sankhuwasabha District, in the eastern Himalayas, between the Sagarmatha (Everest) and Makalu-Barun National Parks. At an altitude of about 457 meters (1,500 ft) above sea level, the valley is considered to be relatively deep. The Arun River flows through this valley, originating in Tibet and cutting deep through the Himalayas before joining the Sapta Koshi River in Nepal.

It is known for its biodiversity, being home to rare species such as the red panda and snow leopard. The valley also shows cultural diversity and is inhabited by various ethnic groups like the Rai, Sherpa, and Limbu communities. It is very popular for trekking and less crowded than the Everest region, with trails like Tumlingtar to Makalu Base Camp or Arun Valley to Everest.

Eastern Himalayas
The Eastern Himalayas extend from eastern Nepal across Northeast India, Bhutan, the Tibet Autonomous Region to Yunnan in China and northern Myanmar. The climate of this region is influenced by the monsoon of South Asia from June to September. It is a biodiversity hotspot, with notable biocultural diversity.
Jędrzychowice, Zgorzelec County
Jędrzychowice [jɛndʐɨxɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Hennersdorf; Upper Sorbian: Jědrzychowice) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgorzelec, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the German border.

Jędrzychowice lies on the eastern bank of the Lusatian Neisse river within the historical region of Upper Lusatia. It is known as the site of a road border crossing of the Polish A4 autostrada with the German Bundesautobahn 4 at Görlitz-Ludwigsdorf. Border controls have been abolished upon the accession of Poland to the Schengen Area in 2007.

Bundesautobahn 4
Bundesautobahn 4 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 4, short form Autobahn 4, abbreviated as BAB 4 or A 4) is an autobahn in two discontinuous segments that crosses Germany in a west–east direction. The western segment has a length of 156 km (97 mi), while the part in the east is 429 km (267 mi) long.
Pleis
Pleis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Pleis (born 1937), American baseball player

Jack Pleis (1917–1990), American jazz pianist, arranger, conductor, composer and producer

Jack Pleis
Jack K. Pleis (May 11, 1917 – December 5, 1990) was an American jazz pianist, arranger, conductor, composer and producer. He recorded on London and Decca Records in the 1950s, and Columbia Records in the 1960s. During the course of his career, Pleis worked with many artists, including Louis Armstrong, Harry Belafonte,  Bing Crosby, Sammy Davis Jr., Benny Goodman, Earl Grant, Brenda Lee, and Joe Williams. Between 1950 and 1976, more than 150 songs were arranged by Pleis. His surname is pronounced "Pleece" (to rhyme with "fleece").
Northern Metropolitan Football League
The Northern Metropolitan Football League (NMFL) was an Australian rules football competition based in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia until it folded at the end of the 1994 season. It first formed in 1961 as the Central District Football Association, drawing from the recruiting zone of the Central District Football Club.   In 1988, it was renamed the Northern Metropolitan Football League which remained its name until it folded at the end of the 1994 season.

Central District Football Club
Central District Football Club, nicknamed the Bulldogs, is an Australian rules football club which plays in the South Australian National Football League. Based in Elizabeth in the City of Playford, about 25 km north of Adelaide, its home ground is X Convenience Oval (Elizabeth Oval), which is often referred to as the "Ponderosa".

Unlike the other league clubs Central's development zone is a single contiguous area that includes the northern Adelaide suburbs of Elizabeth, Salisbury, Smithfield, Munno Para, Golden Grove, Greenwith, the adjacent country townships of Angle Vale, Virginia, One Tree Hill, Gawler and the adjacent semi rural areas that also includes the Barossa Valley.
What We Ain't Got
"What We Ain't Got" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jake Owen. It was released in August 2014 as the third and final single from his fourth studio album Days of Gold. The song, written by Travis Meadows and Travis Jerome Goff, has Owen yearning for a former love, thinking of others wanting what's out of their reach. It garnered positive reviews from critics praising the lyrical work and Owen's vocal delivery of them.

"What We Ain't Got" peaked at numbers 14 and 19 on both the Billboard Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts respectively. It also reached number 89 on the Hot 100 chart, and has sold 369,000 copies in the United States as of May 2015. The song received similar chart success in Canada, reaching the top 40 of the Canada Country chart at number 30 and number 90 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. A music video directed by Mason Dixon was created for the single.

Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.
Svyatoy Nos
Svyatoy Nos (Святой Нос 'Holy Cape') is the name of several localities in Russia:

In the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia:

Svyatoy Nos, Murmansk Oblast, a town

Cape Svyatoy Nos, Murmansk Oblast

In the Lake Baikal, Republic of Buryatia:

Svyatoy Nos, Buryatia, an administrative division

Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, Buryatia

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, North Russia:

Cape Svyatoy Nos, Nenets Autonomous Okrug

In the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), North Siberia:

Cape Svyatoy Nos (Laptev Sea)

Cape Svyatoy Nos, Murmansk Oblast
Cape Svyatoy Nos (Russian: Святой Нос, 'Holy Cape') is a headland in the Kola Peninsula, located between the Barents Sea and the White Sea. It separates Svyatonossky Gulf from the Barents Sea.

There are a Russian weather station, a lighthouse, and a military base near Cape Svyatoy Nos today.
John Eggen
John Eggen (15 June 1885 – 6 January 1966) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born at Eggen in Elverum Municipality as a son of smallholders. After finishing primary education, he worked as a forest and construction worker until 1915, then as a supervisor in the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.

In 1925 he was elected to the executive committee of the municipal council for Våler Municipality. He served as mayor from 1931 to 1940, when he was removed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He also lost his place as chairman of the school board, which he had become in 1931. From 1945 to 1947, he was again an executive committee member. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the term 1931–1933. He met in the place of Olav Sæter in parliamentary session in April 1932 and May 1933. In January 1966, Eggen was fatally hit by car in Våler.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
2001–02 Israeli Women's Cup
The 2001–02 Israeli Women's Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה נשים, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) was the fourth season of Israel's women's nationwide football cup competition.

The competition was won by Maccabi Haifa who had beaten Hapoel Tel Aviv 5–0 in the final.

Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. (women)
Hapoel Tel Aviv (Hebrew: הפועל תל אביב) is an Israeli women's football club from Tel Aviv. The club competed in the Israeli First League and the Israeli Women's Cup, winning them both in 2000–01 and competing in 2001–02 UEFA Women's Cup. The club folded in 2002. The club relaunched in 2019 and competed in the third league. They won the third division title in 2020–21 and were promoted to the second league.
L'eau rouge
L'eau rouge (French for The Red Water) is the second album by industrial band The Young Gods, released in September 1989 by Play It Again Sam Records. It is usually referred to as their masterpiece and was included in 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die in 2005.

1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 (with several later editions) by Universe Publishing. Part of the 1001 Before You Die series, it compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of music critics to be the most important, influential, and best in popular music between the 1950s and the date of publication. The book is edited by Robert Dimery, an English writer and editor who had previously worked for magazines such as Time Out and Vogue.

Each entry in the book's roughly chronological list of albums is accompanied by a short essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes, and additional information (such as the album's running time and producer). Compilations of various artists, and most film soundtracks, are excluded.
2025 AU3 Championship
The 2025 AU3 Championship was a planned Australian racing series for Formula Regional open-wheeler race cars. It was scheduled to be the inaugural season of the AU3 Championship, organized by the promoter of the Australian Formula Open series, two-time Australian Gold Star winner Tim Macrow. The championship was to feature drivers competing in cars that conform to the current FIA Formula Regional regulations.

Drivers were to compete to win a fully-funded multi-day test program with Hillspeed, a GB3 Championship team.

After customs issues arose when the series' cars were shipped to Australia, the opening round was canceled, before the planned second round was then also canceled on short notice before the series' organizers confirmed that due to these delays and lack of interest by drivers and teams, the inaugural season would now be held in 2026, thereby canceling the planned 2025 season in its entirety.

Tim Macrow
Timothy Macrow (born 13 May 1984 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian racing driver. He has competed in Australian Formula 3 and Porsche Supercup, winning the Australian Drivers' Championship twice in the former category.

In 2019, Macrow raced in two exhibition rounds to launch the S5000 Series. In 2020, he is set to compete in the inaugural S5000 season.

Macrow is the son of Peter Macrow, brother of Adam Macrow.
The Legend (Johnny Cash box set)
The Legend is a box set by country singer Johnny Cash, (his 91st overall release) released in 2005 (see 2005 in music) on Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings. It is one of the few multi-disc sets that contain songs recorded throughout Cash's entire career, from 1955 to 2003. Over four CDs, most of Cash's biggest hits are covered, in addition to numerous traditional compositions Cash recorded versions of, and several collaborations with other known artists, including Rosanne Cash, U2 and Bob Dylan. In keeping with Cash's persona as the Man in Black, the data surface of the discs is black. In 2006, the set won the Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package. It was certified Gold on January 11, 2006, by the RIAA.

Billy Joe Shaver
Billy Joe Shaver (August 16, 1939 – October 28, 2020) was an American singer and songwriter.

Billy Joe was a prominent figure in the outlaw country genre. He is considered one of the great American songwriters of his generation. He has received praise from Bob Dylan, Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson and many others.

Artists including Elvis Presley, Tom Jones, Tom T. Hall and Johnny Cash have recorded his songs.
Poyarkovo
Poyarkovo (Russian: Поярково) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Poyarkovo, Amur Oblast, a selo in Poyarkovsky Rural Settlement of Mikhaylovsky District of Amur Oblast

Poyarkovo, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Palkinskoye Settlement of Antropovsky District of Kostroma Oblast

Poyarkovo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Lunevskoye Rural Settlement of Solnechnogorsky District of Moscow Oblast

Poyarkovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Poyarkovo, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Poyarkovsky Rural Okrug of Mikhaylovsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Mikhaylovsky District, Amur Oblast
Mikhaylovsky District (Russian: Миха́йловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 3,039 square kilometers (1,173 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Poyarkovo. Population: 14,850 (2010 Census); 17,081 (2002 Census); 21,113 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Poyarkovo accounts for 46.8% of the district's total population.
Aklavik/Freddie Carmichael Airport
Aklavik/Freddie Carmichael Airport (IATA: LAK, ICAO: CYKD) is located adjacent to Aklavik, Northwest Territories, Canada. The aerodrome is built on the banks of the Peel Channel of the Mackenzie River delta. Aklavik was the regional centre but was prone to flooding.

In 1959, Inuvik was purposely built to house a larger airport, highway connections, new health facilities, housing and an innovative public utilidor system. Aklavik remains a small traditional village that retains its connections to the land and river.

Inuvik
Inuvik is the only town in the Inuvik Region, and the third largest community in Canada's Northwest Territories. Located in the Beaufort Delta Region, it serves as the region's administrative and service centre. Inuvik is home to federal, territorial, and Indigenous government offices, along with a regional hospital and airport.

Inuvik is located on the northern edge of a boreal forest just before it begins to transition to tundra. It is on the east side of the enormous Mackenzie River delta. The town lies within the Gwich'in Settlement Region and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region.
Rineloricaria aurata
Rineloricaria aurata is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay. The species is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Burk Brothers and Company
Burk Brothers and Company, also known as Diskmakers, was a historic factory complex located in the Northern Liberties neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The complex consisted of 12 interconnected brick and reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1855 and 1913.  The buildings were designed for the processing of kidskins into morocco or glazed kid leather.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  They have since been demolished.

Kidskin
Kidskin or kid leather is a type of soft, thin leather that is traditionally used for gloves (hence the phrase 'kid gloves,' used since at least 1888 as a metaphor for careful handling). It is widely used for other fashion purposes such as footwear and clothing. Kidskin is traditionally made from goatskin – more specifically, the skin of young goats (or 'kids'), although equivalent leathers such as lambskin and chickenskin (actually a form of calfskin) give the same effect.
Sielce Prawe
Sielce Prawe [ˈɕɛlt͡sɛ ˈpravɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maków, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Maków, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Skierniewice, and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
The Days of Perky Pat (collection)
The Days of Perky Pat is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Philip K. Dick.  It was first published by Gollancz in 1990 and reprints Volume IV of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick.  It had not previously been published as a stand-alone volume.  The stories had originally appeared in the magazines Galaxy Science Fiction, Science Fiction Stories, If, Fantastic Universe, Fantasy and Science Fiction, Fantastic, Worlds of Tomorrow, Escapade and Amazing Stories.

If (magazine)
If was an American science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by James L. Quinn.

The magazine was moderately successful, though for most of its run it was not considered to be in the first tier of American science fiction magazines. It achieved its greatest success under editor Frederik Pohl, winning the Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. If published many award-winning stories over its 22 years, including Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress and Harlan Ellison's short story "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". The most prominent writer to make his first sale to If was Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue.

If was merged into Galaxy Science Fiction after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall.