hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naval Ocean Surveillance System
The Naval Ocean Surveillance System (NOSS) is a series of signals-intelligence satellites that have conducted electronic signals intelligence for the U.S. Navy since the early 1970s. The first series of satellites were codenamed "White Cloud" or "PARCAE", while second- and third-generation satellites have used the codenames "Ranger" and "Intruder".

The system is operated by the United States Navy, and its main purpose was tactical geolocation of Soviet Navy assets during the Cold War. NOSS involves satellite clusters operating in low Earth orbit to detect radar and other electronic transmissions from ships at sea and locate them using the time difference of arrival technique.

Satellite formation flying
Satellite formation flying is the coordination of multiple satellites to accomplish the objective of one larger, usually more expensive, satellite.  Coordinating smaller satellites has many benefits over single satellites including simpler designs, faster build times, cheaper replacement creating higher redundancy, unprecedented high resolution, and the ability to view research targets from multiple angles or at multiple times.  These qualities make them ideal for astronomy, communications, meteorology, and environmental uses.
Nukuleka
Nukuleka is a small fishing village on the north-east coast of the island of Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga. In January 2008, Canadian archaeologist David V. Burley claimed that it was the "cradle of Polynesia".

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Cave Rock (location)
Cave Rock, also known as deʔek wadapush (Washo for Standing Gray Rock), is a stone formation on U.S. Route 50 north of Stateline, Nevada.  It is a column of volcanic andesite standing about 250 feet (76 m) tall. US 50 passes under the rock through the Cave Rock Tunnel. The formation was designated a Traditional Cultural Property and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
J. Lawrence Smith (chemist)
John Lawrence Smith (December 17, 1818 – October 12, 1883) was an American chemist and mineralogist.

He published extensively on analytical chemistry and mineralogy, including Mineralogy and Chemistry, Original Researches (1873; enlarged with biographical sketches, 1884).  His collection of meteorites was the finest in the United States, and upon his death, he passed it to Harvard. 
The J. Lawrence Smith Medal is named in his honor.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Indigenous mapping
Indigenous mapping is a practice where Indigenous communities own, control, access, and possess both the geographic information and mapping processes. It is based on Indigenous data sovereignty and intellectual property.

Indigenous cartographers tend to employ different strategies than colony-focused or empire-focused cartographers. Indigenous cartography may focus on stories, ever-changing landscapes, and traditional knowledge.

Modern Indigenous mapping is closely association with decolonization. It can reclaim traditional land names and spaces, including sacred areas.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Stevimir Ercegovac
Stevimir Ercegovac (born 20 January 1974 in Zagreb, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia) is a former Croatian shot putter, who represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. His personal best is 20.28 metres, thrown in 2000 in Rijeka.

Ercegovac attended Taylor University from 1998 to 2002 and was NAIA National Shot Put Champion in each of those years. He also holds the NAIA shot put outdoor record at 20.06m.

Socialist Republic of Croatia
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation.

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.
Jombang Regency
Jombang Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Jombang; Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ) is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya. The capital of the regency is the town of Jombang. The regency has an area of 1,159.50 km2 and a population of 1,202,407 at the 2010 census and 1,318,062 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,378,005 (comprising 694,052 males and 683,953 females). It became a regency in 1910. It was the birthplace of Abdurrahman Wahid, the 4th president of Indonesia.

President of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.

The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
Nawan Pind Naicha
Nawan Pind Naicha is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 9 km from Goraya, 12 km from Phillaur, 38 km from district headquarters Jalandhar and 125 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Goraya
Goraya is a city in Jalandhar district and  Tehsil of the Indian state of Punjab. It lies between Jalandhar and stretch of National Highway 44 (Old NH 1), Grand Trunk Road. Goraya city was famous for manufacturing of foundry objects, bearings and other steel products before the 1990s. The city was known as The Manchester of Punjab. Even today's grass cutting machines (toka) and ball bearings are manufactured. The famous gear making company Guru Nanak Auto GNA has offices in Goraya. Government and private schools are there but a college is not available in the city.
Charles Maynard (British Army officer)
Major-General Sir Charles Clarkson Martin Maynard, KCB, CMG, DSO (15 September 1870 – 28 June 1945) was a senior British Army officer, best known for his role in the North Russia intervention where he was General Officer Commanding Allied Forces, Murmansk (1918–1919). Having spent his early career in Burma and India, he also saw active service in the Second Boer War and the First World War.

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Clover mite
The clover mite (Bryobia praetiosa) is a species of mite. Clover mites are located worldwide across every continent except Antarctica. Clover mites usually reside in vegetation, rocks, or other common surfaces in which they typically feed on nearby foliage including, but not limited to clovers, dandelions, and other available plants.

Mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari. However, most recent genetic analyses do not recover the two as each other's closest relative within Arachnida, rendering the group invalid as a clade. Most mites are tiny, less than 1 mm (0.04 in) in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others are predators or parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive Varroa parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases.

The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology.
Samin Sharma
Samin K. Sharma (born May 28, 1955) is an American philanthropist of Indian descent and an interventional cardiologist who co-founded the Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute in Jaipur (EHCC). Sharma has served on New York State's Cardiac Advisory Board since 2004. As of 2021, he is Senior Vice-President, Operations & Quality at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and runs the Dr. Samin K. Sharma Family Foundation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. As of 2018, he is Chairman Board of Trustees, Association of Indians in America (AIA). As of 2022, he has been an investigator on 86 grants and multi-center trials and authored 486 peer-reviewed articles that have been cited 21,734 times.

Atherectomy
Atherectomy is a minimally invasive technique for removing atherosclerosis from blood vessels within the body. It is an alternative to angioplasty for the treatment of peripheral artery disease, but the studies that exist are not adequate to determine whether it is superior to angioplasty. It has also been used to treat coronary artery disease, albeit without evidence of superiority to angioplasty.
Herb Eisele
Herbert Charles "Skeeter" Eisele (July 15, 1904 – September 12, 1985) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at John Carroll University in University Heights, Ohio from 1947 to 1958, compiling a record of 60–36–5.

During his time at John Carroll, he coached future Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Don Shula and future National Football League (NFL) player and assistant coach Carl Taseff.

Eisele was born on July 15, 1904, in Pennsylvania. He graduated from Cathedral Latin School in Cleveland, Ohio in 1922. He then attended the University of Dayton, where he played college football. Eisele later earned a master's degree from Western Reserve University. He died on September 12, 1985, at Ripon Memorial Hospital in Ripon, Wisconsin.

Ripon, Wisconsin
Ripon (/ˈrɪpən/ RIH-pən) is a city in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 7,863 at the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by the Town of Ripon.

Ripon is home to the Little White Schoolhouse, where the Republican Party was founded.
Marion Hamilton Carter
Marion Hamilton Carter (April 9, 1865 – March 12, 1937) was an American Progressive Era educator, psychologist, children's literature editor, short story writer, and artist. In her prime, she worked as a muckraker journalist, magazine editor, women's suffrage advocate, and novelist. She was an early member of the Authors League of America (now the Authors Guild), and published short fiction and nonfiction in popular magazines of the day. She is best known today for her suffrage novel, The Woman With Empty Hands: The Evolution of a Suffragette.

The Century Magazine
The Century Magazine was an illustrated monthly magazine first published in the United States in 1881 by The Century Company of New York City, which had been bought in that year by Roswell Smith and renamed by him after the Century Association. It was the successor of Scribner's Monthly Magazine. It was merged into The Forum in 1930.
Bertry station
Bertry station (French: Gare de Bertry) is a railway station located in the commune of Bertry in the Nord department, France. The station is served by TER Hauts-de-France trains (Douai–Saint-Quentin line).

The old station building was demolished in 2006 during a major redevelopment of the site and replaced by a car park for the station.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Cedar Valley, Travis County, Texas
Cedar Valley is an unincorporated community in Travis County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 70 in 2000. It is located within the Greater Austin metropolitan area.

Greater Austin
The Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan statistical area, or Greater Austin, is a five-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Texas, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. The metropolitan area is situated in Central Texas on the western edge of the American South and on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, and borders Greater San Antonio to the south. It forms part of the larger San Antonio-Austin Metroplex.

As of the 2020 U.S. census, the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos MSA is the 26th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with a total population of 2,352,426. The metropolitan area contains the city of Austin—the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 10th-largest city in the United States with a population of 974,447 people. Austin's largest suburbs are Round Rock, Cedar Park, Georgetown, San Marcos, Leander, and Pflugerville.
Nexus Instituut
The Nexus Institute, officially in Dutch Nexus Instituut, is a Dutch organisation that studies the European cultural heritage in its artistic, philosophical and spiritual context, to thus offer insight into contemporary questions and to shape the cultural-philosophical debate. Three times a year, the institute publishes Nexus, an essayistic magazine in book form. In addition, the organization annually organizes a Nexus Lecture, a Nexus Conference, symposia, and masterclasses. Speakers include renowned philosophers, artists, scientists, and politicians such as Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Richard Holbrooke, Michael Ignatieff, Daniel Barenboim, George Steiner, Mario Vargas Llosa, John Maxwell Coetzee, Sonia Gandhi, Susan Sontag, Richard Rorty, Emmanuel Macron, Garry Kasparov, Anne Applebaum, Jeb Bush, and Amos Oz.

Susan Sontag
Susan Lee Sontag (/ˈsɒntæɡ/; January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer and critic. She mostly wrote essays, but also published novels; she published her first major work, the essay "Notes on 'Camp' ", in 1964. Her best-known works include the critical works Against Interpretation (1966), On Photography (1977), Illness as Metaphor (1978) and Regarding the Pain of Others (2003), the short story "The Way We Live Now" (1986) and the novels The Volcano Lover (1992) and In America (1999).

Sontag was active in writing and speaking about, or traveling to, areas of conflict, including during the Vietnam War and the Siege of Sarajevo. She wrote extensively about literature, cinema, photography and media, illness, war, human rights, and left-wing politics. Her essays and speeches drew backlash and controversy, and she has been called "one of the most influential critics of her generation".
Miri Hospital
Miri Hospital is a 349-bedded main secondary referral hospital in the northern region of Sarawak, Malaysia. Miri Hospital serves as a medical hub for a population of 1.5 million people. Miri Hospital caters not only to the people of Miri district, but also the districts and sub-districts of Limbang, Lawas, Marudi, Ulu Baram, Niah, Sibuti, Bekenu, Suai, Long Lama, Bakelalan and Bario highlands.

Ba'kelalan
Ba'kelalan is a group of nine villages at Maligan Highlands of Limbang Division, Sarawak, Malaysia about 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level and 4 km from the border with Indonesian Kalimantan and 150 km from the nearest town of Lawas. There are nine villages in Ba'kelalan. The villagers here belong to the Lun Bawang tribe.

The name Ba’Kelalan is derived from the Kelalan River and Ba’ which means wet lands in the Lun Bawang language. Its population was about 1030 in 2003. In the cool mountain climate, temperate fruits such as apples, mandarin oranges and vanilla are grown. The area also produces rice, and mountain salt is obtained from the nearby hills. The people in Ba'Kelalan are Christian, members of the Sidang Injil Borneo.

Tourism has increased in recent years: Ba'kelalan now has a 9-hole natural golf course, and the settlement is also the easiest point of access for visits to Kayan Mentarang National Park in Krayan, Kalimantan.
Brandenburg State Football Association
The Brandenburg Football Association (German: Fußball-Landesverband Brandenburg, FLB), is the umbrella organization of the football clubs in the German state Brandenburg and covers the football districts of Lower Lusatia, Prignitz/Ruppin, Uckermark, Havelland, South Brandenburg, Dahme/Fläming, Oberhavel-Barnim and East Brandenburg. The FLB was founded in 1990 and has its headquarters in Cottbus. President of the association is Jens Kaden.

The FLB belongs to the Northeastern German Football Association and is one of 21 state organizations of the German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fussball-Bund - DFB).

In 2017, the FLB had 100,153 members from 674 football clubs with 3,741 teams. The FLB offers the Brandenburg Cup, which is a competition between various clubs in the state.

Ostprignitz-Ruppin
Ostprignitz-Ruppin is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring are (from north clockwise) the districts Müritz and Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the districts
Oberhavel and Havelland, the district Stendal in Saxony-Anhalt, and the district Prignitz.
South Korean Figure Skating Championships
The South Korean Figure Skating Championships (Korean: 한국 피겨스케이팅 선수권 대회) are an annual figure skating competition organized by the Korea Skating Union to crown the national champions of South Korea. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels, although not every discipline is held every year due to a lack of participants.

Korea Skating Union
The Korea Skating Union (Korean: 대한빙상경기연맹; RR: Daehan Bingsang Gyeonggi Yeonmaeng) is the national governing body for the sports of figure skating, speed skating and short-track speed skating in South Korea, recognised by the International Skating Union and the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee.
Breath gas analysis
Breath gas analysis is a method for gaining information on the clinical state of an individual by monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the exhaled breath. Exhaled breath is naturally produced by the human body through expiration and therefore can be collected in non-invasively and in an unlimited way. VOCs in exhaled breath can represent biomarkers for certain pathologies (lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and others). Breath gas concentration can then be related to blood concentrations via mathematical modeling as for example in blood alcohol testing. There are various techniques that can be employed to collect and analyze exhaled breath. Research on exhaled breath started many years ago, there is currently limited clinical application of it for disease diagnosis. However, this might change in the near future as currently large implementation studies are starting globally.

Electronic nose
An electronic nose (or eNose) is an electronic sensing device intended to detect odors or flavors. The expression "electronic sensing" refers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems.

Since 1982, research has been conducted to develop technologies, commonly referred to as electronic noses, that could detect and recognize odors and flavors. The stages of the recognition process are similar to human olfaction and are performed for identification, comparison, quantification and other applications, including data storage and retrieval. Some such devices are used for industrial purposes.
Against the Law (album)
Against the Law is the fifth studio album from the Christian metal band Stryper, released on August 21, 1990. Three singles and videos were released for this album including "Shining Star" (an Earth, Wind & Fire cover), "Two Time Woman" and "Lady" but received minimal airplay.

This album marked a change in the musical and visual direction of the band. Gone were the yellow and black spandex outfits, the bold evangelical lyrics and the original band logo with Isaiah 53:5. In their place were leather outfits, and lyrics more focused on rock n' roll and relationships, although arguably from a Christian worldview. The album sold poorly compared to the band's previous gold and platinum releases.

Christian worldview
Christian worldview (also called biblical worldview) refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs through which a Christian individual, group, or culture interprets the world and interacts with it. Various denominations of Christianity have differing worldviews on some issues based on biblical interpretation, but many thematic elements are commonly agreed-upon within the Christian worldview.