hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Springfield (Hackney ward)
Springfield is a ward in the London Borough of Hackney occupying much of Upper Clapton and some of Stamford Hill; the ward is part of the Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency. The name is derived from Springfield Park.

The ward returns three councillors to the Borough Council, with elections every four years. At the last election on 6 May 2010, Michael Levy and Simche Steinberger (both Conservative Party candidates); and Margaret Gordon (Labour Party) were returned. Turnout was 57%; with 3,993 votes cast.

Clapton, London
Clapton is a district of east London, England, in the London Borough of Hackney.

Clapton is divided into Upper Clapton, in the north, and Lower Clapton to the south. Clapton railway station lies 4.7 miles (7.6 km) north-east of Charing Cross.
USCS Belle
USCS Belle was a schooner that served as a survey vessel in the United States Coast Survey from 1848 to 1857.

The Coast Survey acquired Belle from the United States Army Quartermaster Department in 1848 and placed her in service along the Gulf Coast of the United States, where she spent her entire Coast Survey career.

Belle sank in a gale at the end of the 1853 surveying season, but she was raised in 1854 and returned to service. She was lost on an uncharted shoal off St. Andrews Bay, Florida, in 1857.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
Jacques Tétreault
Jacques Tétreault (French pronunciation: [ʒak tetʁo]; 8 April 1929 – 20 August 2018) was a Canadian politician and lawyer who was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. His background was in law.

He was elected in the 1988 federal election at the Laval-des-Rapides electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but did not seek another term in Parliament in the 1993 federal election.

Tétrault had also previously served as mayor of Laval between 1965 and 1973.  He also was a leadership candidate for the Union Nationale in May 1976, but was defeated by Rodrigue Biron.

A street near the Montmorency metro station in Laval is named after him.

Montmorency station (Montreal Metro)
Montmorency station (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃mɔʁɑ̃si] ⓘ) is a Montreal Metro station in Laval, Quebec, Canada, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM). It is located in the Laval-des-Rapides borough. The station is part of an extension to Laval and opened on April 28, 2007, becoming the northern terminus of the Orange Line.  After two years of opening, the Metro had generated an extra 60,000 daily passengers, around twice what had originally been estimated.
Enquin-les-Mines
Enquin-les-Mines (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃kɛ̃ le min]; West Flemish: Enken; Picard: Inquin-les-Mines) is a town and former commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Since January 2017, it is a delegated commune of Enquin-lez-Guinegatte.

The inhabitants of the town of Enquin-les-Mines are known as Enquinois, Enquinoises in French.

The commune was surrounded by the municipalities of Erny-Saint-Julien, Estrée-Blanche and Enguinegatte. The commune merged with Enguinegatte on 1 January 2017 to form the commune nouvelle of Enquin-lez-Guinegatte.

West Flemish
West Flemish (West-Vlams or West-Vloams or Vlaemsch (in French Flanders), Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: flamand occidental) is a collection of Low Franconian varieties spoken in western Belgium and the neighbouring areas of France and the Netherlands.

West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a further 50,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (200,000 if including the closely related dialects of Zeelandic) and 10–20,000 in the northern part of the French department of Nord. Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges, Kortrijk, Ostend, Roeselare and Ypres in Belgium and Hazebrouck, Cassel, Halluin, and Bailleul in France.

West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's online Red Book of Endangered Languages.
Medical Arts Historic District
The Medical Arts Historic District is a historic district in northeast Albuquerque, New Mexico, consisting of four adjacent medical office complexes: Medical Arts Square (1950), Encino Medical Plaza (1955), Encino Crescent (1965), and Granada Medical Plaza (1968). The complexes reflect the movement of medical professionals in the mid-20th century away from downtown office buildings and into more suburban settings with onsite parking. Each complex consists of one-story buildings organized around a central parking areas, similar to a suburban shopping center. The Granada Medical Plaza was designed in the New Formalist style, while the other three complexes are examples of International Style architecture.

The district was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 2023 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.

New Formalism (architecture)
New Formalism is an architectural style that emerged in the United States during the mid-1950s and flowered between the 1960s and 1980s. Buildings designed in that style exhibited many Classical elements including "strict symmetrical elevations" building proportion and scale, Classical columns, highly stylized entablatures and colonnades. The style was used primarily for high-profile cultural, high tech, institutional and civic buildings. Edward Durrell Stone's New Delhi American Embassy (1954), which blended the architecture of the east with modern western concepts, is considered to be the symbolic start of New Formalism architecture.
Listed buildings in Ainstable
Ainstable is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England.  It contains 21 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Ainstable, Croglin and Newbiggin, the hamlets of Dale, Walmersyke, Ruckcroft and Longdales, part of the village of Armathwaite, and the surrounding countryside.  The oldest listed building in the parish originated as a Benedictine Nunnery, and has been altered and since used for other purposes.  The other listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses and associated structures, a bridge, a war memorial, a lych gate, and two churches.

Lychgate
A lychgate (from Old English līc, corpse) or resurrection gate is a covered gateway found at the entrance to a traditional English or English-style churchyard. Examples also exist outside the British Isles in places such as Canada, the Upland South and Texas in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Norway, and Sweden.
Electronic differential
In automotive engineering the electronic differential is a form of differential, which provides the required torque for each driving wheel and allows different wheel speeds. It is used in place of the mechanical differential in multi-drive systems. When cornering, the inner and outer wheels rotate at different speeds, because the inner wheels describe a smaller turning radius.  The electronic differential uses the steering wheel command signal and the motor speed signals to control the power to each wheel so that all wheels are supplied with the torque they need.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Herman Ehrlich
Herman Ehrlich (1836 – 1895) was a Croatian architect and businessman.

Ehrlich was born in Našice, Croatia on 9 August 1836 to a Jewish family. He was married to Marija (née Eisner) Ehrlich with whom he had five children; Adolf, Ernest, Đuro, Hugo and Mira. From 1863 to 1874 Ehrlich conducted his business in Našice. In 1874 he moved with his family to Zagreb, Croatia. Ehrlich built roads across Slavonia and Croatia. He also built many military facilities, public and private buildings. Due to high quality construction his company was one of the best known in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and Kingdom of Dalmatia. Ehrlich's company also worked on the regulation of the river Vuka and built the sewage network in Osijek. Ehrlich died on 23 October 1895 in Zagreb and was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.

Vuka (river)
Vuka is a river in eastern Croatia, a right tributary of the Danube river. At 112 kilometres (70 miles), it is the 13th-longest river flowing through Croatia and it has a drainage area of 644 square kilometres (249 square miles).

The river is located in the region of Slavonia. It rises in the Krndija hills in the Osijek-Baranja County and flows eastwards through lowlands into the Vukovar-Srijem County. It empties into the Danube at the town of Vukovar, which is named for the river.

The ancient name of Pannonian Illyrians for Vuka was Volcos.
Wellingtonia
Wellingtonia can mean:

A genus of plants in the family Sabiaceae, usually treated as a synonym of the genus Meliosma.

A vernacular name for the coniferous tree Sequoiadendron giganteum.

Wellingtonia (horse) was a thoroughbred racehorse in the late 19th century.

Meliosma
Meliosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sabiaceae, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern and eastern Asia and the Americas. It is traditionally considered to contain about 100 species; some botanists take a much more conservative view accepting only 20-25 species as distinct. They are trees or shrubs, growing to 10–45 m tall.

Fossil evidence shows the genus formerly had a much wider range in the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe and central Asia until the late Pliocene ice ages, and somewhat earlier in North America. At least 17 species of Meliosma are known from Peru.

The Indian awlking (Choaspes benjaminii) is one of the Lepidoptera whose caterpillars feed on Meliosma; they have been found on M. pungens, rhoifolia, M. rigida, and M. squamulata.
Association of Evangelical Churches in Burkina Faso
The Association of Evangelical Churches in Burkina Faso was founded in 1931 by the Sudan Interior Mission. The church is concentrated in the eastern part of the country, this is because  migration has spread other parts of the country. In 2004 it had 80,000 members and 334 congregations. It is a Reformed denomination, and congregational church government.

SIM (Christian organization)
SIM is an international, interdenominational Evangelical Christian mission organization. It was established in 1893 by its three founders, Walter Gowans and Rowland Bingham of Canada and Thomas Kent of the United States.

The initials originally stood for "Soudan Interior Mission," Soudan being an older spelling of the Sudan region of West Africa. After various name changes and mergers, the mission simply goes by "SIM" today. In French-speaking countries it is known as "Société Internationale Missionnaire." SIM is also a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.
D514 road
D514 is a state road in Slavonia region of Croatia, connecting A3 motorway Slavonski Brod istok (east) interchange to D53 state road and Slavonski Brod. The road is 2.7 km long.

As the road passes through an urban zone, it comprises a substantial number of street intersections, some of which are regulated by traffic lights.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske Ceste, state owned company.

Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (pronounced [slǎʋoːnskiː brôːd], lit. 'Slavonian Brod'), commonly shortened to simply Brod, is a city in eastern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. As one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina, Slavonski Brod is the 7th largest city in the country, with a population of 59,141 as of the 2011 census. It is the centre of Brod-Posavina County and a major river port on the Sava river.
Rivalta di Torino
Rivalta di Torino is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 14 km southwest of Turin in the valley of the Sangone.

It is home to a medieval castle, around which the town originated starting from the 11th century. The castle and the village were owned by the Orsini local branch until 1823. The castle has a massive appearance and was once accessed through a drawbridge, now replaced by a stone one. In 1836 French writer Honoré de Balzac was guest of the local lord, count Cesare Benevello, as testified by an inscription in the castle's court.

Orsini family
The House of Orsini is an Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include five popes: Stephen II (752–757), Paul I (757–767), Celestine III (1191–1198), Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730). The family also included 34 cardinals, numerous condottieri, and other significant political and religious figures. The Orsini are part of the Black nobility who were Roman aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the Papal States.
Kawawachō Station
Kawawachō Station (川和町駅, Kawawachō-eki) is a metro station located in Tsuzuki Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the Yokohama Municipal Subway’s  Green Line (Line 4) and is 1.7 kilometers from the terminus of the Green Line at Nakayama.

Nakayama Station (Kanagawa)
Nakayama Station (中山駅, Nakayama-eki) is an interchange railway station located in Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, jointly operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the Yokohama Municipal Subway.
Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa
Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa is a species of frog of the Madagascar endemic microhylid subfamily Cophylinae. Genetic evidence revealed that it is a species complex, in need of resolution. This work has made significant progress, and five related species have been described from this complex between 2014 and 2017. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Cophylinae
Cophylinae is a subfamily of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It has over 100 species in eight genera. Members of this subfamily range from minute (< 10 mm adult body size) to fairly large (> 100 mm adult body size), and they are highly ecologically diverse. DNA barcode research has revealed a significant taxonomic gap in this subfamily, and an estimated 70+ candidate species were identified. Many of these have subsequently been described, as well as numerous new discoveries (e.g. 26 species of Stumpffia described in 2017).
Symphony No. 4 (Arnold)
The Symphony No. 4, Op. 71 by Malcolm Arnold was finished on 13 July 1960. It is in four movements:

The work was commissioned by William Glock for the BBC. The composer conducted the first performance with the BBC Symphony Orchestra on 2 November 1960 at the Royal Festival Hall.

The composer wrote in 1971 that the symphony was a reaction to the Notting Hill race riots of 1958. He was appalled that such a thing could happen in Britain. And expressed his hope that it might help to spread the idea of racial integration.

William Glock
Sir William Frederick Glock, CBE (3 May 1908 – 28 June 2000) was a British music critic and musical administrator who was instrumental in introducing the Continental avant-garde, notably promoting the career of Pierre Boulez.
Faslane Castle, Shandon Castle, and St Michael's Chapel
Faslane Castle and Shandon Castle were two mediaeval Scottish castles which once stood between the village of Garelochhead and the town of Helensburgh, near the shores of the Gareloch, in Argyll and Bute. In the 19th century, the castles were thought to have dated back to the Middle Ages. At that time period, they were situated in within the mormaerdom of Lennox, which was controlled by the mormaers of Lennox. Today nothing remains of Faslane Castle; though in the 19th century certain ruins of Shandon Castle were said to have still existed. Near the site of Faslane Castle sits the ruinous St Michael's Chapel, which has also been thought to date to the Middle Ages.

HMNB Clyde
His Majesty's Naval Base, Clyde (HMNB Clyde; also HMS Neptune), primarily sited at Faslane on the Gare Loch, is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Devonport and HMNB Portsmouth). It is the navy's headquarters in Scotland and is best known as the home of Britain's nuclear weapons, in the form of nuclear submarines armed with Trident missiles.
2023 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil election
Elections were held in October 2023 for the 26 seats of Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil. This was also the first election conducted in the union Kargil since its split from Jammu and Kashmir in 2019.

The Indian National Congress and Jammu & Kashmir National Conference did not contest the elections under the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance but formed a post-poll alliance. The NC-Congress alliance won 22 seats in a landslide whereas the BJP won 2 seats, 1 more than before.

Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil
Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil (LAHDC Kargil), is one among the two Autonomous District Councils of Ladakh union territory. LAHDC Kargil administers the Kargil District of Ladakh, India.
William Gayner
William Charles Gayner (c. 1825 — 27 January 1892) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.

The son of William Gayner senior, he was born at St James's in 1825. He was educated at St Paul's School, before going up to the University of Oxford where he studied at Pembroke College in 1847, before transferring to St Mary Hall in 1848. Gayner made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University at Oxford in 1851. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run by Charles Marsham, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Charles Bere. A latecomer to the legal profession, Gayner was called to the bar as a member of the Inner Temple in January 1872. Gayner died at Chelsea in January 1892. He had been the proprietor of Boodle's gentlemen's club until his death.

St James's
St James's is a district of Westminster, and a central district in the City of Westminster, London, forming part of the West End. The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace and much of it is still owned by the Crown Estate.  During the Restoration in the 17th century, the area was developed as a residential location for the British aristocracy, and around the 19th century was the focus of the development of their gentlemen's clubs. Once part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, much of it formed the parish of St James from 1685 to 1922. Since the Second World War the area has transitioned from residential to commercial use.

St James's is bounded to the north by Piccadilly and Mayfair, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park, and to the east by Haymarket.
Güzelköy, Bismil
Güzelköy (Kurdish: Sindisê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bismil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Barava tribe and had a population of 236 in 2022.

Diyarbakır Province
Diyarbakır Province (Turkish: Diyarbakır ili; Zazaki: Suke Dîyarbekîr; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Amedê) is a province and metropolitan municipality in southeastern Turkey. Its area is 15,101 km2, and its population is 1,804,880 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Diyarbakır. The Kurdish majority province is part of Turkish Kurdistan.
Paul G. Socken
Paul G. Socken (born 1945) is a professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and a leading scholar on the work of French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy.  He is also the founder of the department of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.

Socken holds a B.A. and a Ph.D. (1974) from the University of Toronto.  He is a specialist in French-Canadian literature, particularly in the novel. He has done research on the thematic and stylistic aspects of Gabrielle Roy's writing and currently publishes in the area of mythology and French-Canadian literature.

Currently, Socken is an occasional columnist for the Canadian Jewish News.

The Canadian Jewish News
The Canadian Jewish News is a non-profit, national, English-language digital-first media organization that serves Canada's Jewish community. A national edition of the newspaper was published for 60 years in Toronto. A weekly Montreal edition in English with some French began its run in 1976. The newspaper announced its closure in 2013 but was able to continue after restructuring and reorganizing. It again announced its closure on April 2, 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada on its finances. Its final weekly print edition was published on April 9, 2020. In December 2020, it announced its return as a digital-first media company with a new president, Bryan Borzykowski.
Debden, Uttlesford
Debden is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex in the East of England. It is located 4 miles (6 km) from Saffron Walden and 17 miles (27 km) from Cambridge. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 788.

RAF Debden is nearby and played a role in the Second World War.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.