hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persecution of Buddhists
Many adherents of Buddhism have experienced religious persecution because of their adherence to the Buddhist practice, including unwarranted arrests, imprisonment, beating, torture, and/or execution. The term also may be used in reference to the confiscation or destruction of property, temples, monasteries, centers of learning, meditation centers, historical sites, or the incitement of hatred towards Buddhists.

Marma people
The Marma (Burmese: မရမာ) are an ethnic group native to parts of south-eastern Bangladesh and southern Tripura in India. They are the second-largest ethnic community in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, primarily residing in the Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati Hill Districts. They belong to the same community as the Rakhine people. There are three endogamous groups within the Magh Community, known as (i) the Thongtha, Khyongtha, or Mrokpatha, (ii) the Marma, Mayamma, or Rakhaing Magh, (iii) the Maramagri, otherwise called the Barua Maghs.
Litauische Bau-Bataillonen
The Litauische Bau-Bataillonen  or Lithuanian Construction Battalions (Lithuanian: Lietuvių statybos (inžinerijos) batalionai) were five auxiliary pioneer battalions of the Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany) during World War II. Formed in 1943, they consisted mostly of conscripted Lithuanians with only a small number of Germans. In total, about 2,500–3,000 men served in the battalions. They were attached to German engineering units under the Army Group North. They were sent to the Eastern Front where they constructed and repaired roads, bridges, bunkers, anti-tank obstacles, and other military fortifications. They were labor (not combat) units though they engaged Soviet partisans on several occasions. A few times, Lithuanian formations were used to plunder and burn Russian villages according to German scorched earth tactics. The battalions were disbanded and absorbed by various other units in 1944.

Pskov
Pskov (Russian: Псков, IPA: [ˈpskof] ⓘ; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 193,082 (2021 census); 203,279 (2010 census); 202,780 (2002 census); 203,789 (1989 Soviet census).

Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. During the Middle Ages, it served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League before it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became an important border fortress in the Tsardom of Russia.
Independence referendum
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Cecilia Colledge
Magdalena Cecilia Colledge (28 November 1920 – 12 April 2008) was a British figure skater. She was the 1936 Olympic silver medalist, the 1937 World Champion, the 1937–1939 European Champion, and a six-time (1935–1939, 1946) British national champion.

Colledge is credited as being the first female skater to perform a double jump, as well as being the inventor of both the camel spin and the layback spin.

Figure skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympia-Kunsteisstadion in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, from 9 to 15 February 1936. Three figure skating events were contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pairs skating.
St. Aloysius on the Ohio
Saint Aloysius on the Ohio (locally known as St. Al's) is a Roman Catholic parish in the Sayler Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The parish is part of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is named after St. Aloysius Gonzaga and located near the Ohio River.

Aloysius Gonzaga
Aloysius de Gonzaga, SJ (Italian: Luigi Gonzaga; 9 March 1568 – 21 June 1591) was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus. While still a student at the Roman College, he died as a result of caring for the victims of a serious epidemic. He was beatified in 1605 and canonized in 1726.
Filippo Spinelli
Filippo Spinelli (1566–1616) was a Roman Catholic cardinal.

On 6 May 1592, he was consecrated bishop by Alfonso Gesualdo di Conza, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri.

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Giuseppe Saluzzo, Bishop of Ruvo (1604); and Jan Andrzej Próchnicki, Bishop of Kamyanets-Podilskyi (1607).

Diocese of Ruvo
The diocese of Ruvo was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Apulia, southern Italy, which  existed until  1986, when it was united into the diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi. From 1818 to 1982, it was united with the diocese of Bitonto, as the diocese of Ruvo and Bitonto.
Exploit (computer security)
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, applications, networks, operating systems, or hardware, typically for malicious purposes.
The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage."
Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or steal sensitive data.
While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls.

Researchers estimate that malicious exploits cost the global economy over US$450 billion annually.
In response to this threat, organizations are increasingly utilizing cyber threat intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and prevent hacks before they occur.

Security controls
Security controls or security measures are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets. In the field of information security, such controls protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.

Systems of controls can be referred to as frameworks or standards. Frameworks can enable an organization to manage security controls across different types of assets with consistency.

Security controls are to help reduce the likelihood or any impacts of security incidents and protect the CIA triad for the systems and the data. While protecting it helps organizations meet its responsibilities; consistent risk management to systems, assets, data, networks and physical infrastructures.
The Beggar's Benison
The Beggar's Benison was a Scottish gentlemen's club devoted to "the convivial celebration of male sexuality". It was founded in 1732 in the town of Anstruther on the Firth of Forth and is often mentioned in descriptions of the libertine culture of 18th century Britain.

Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is a bay in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers.
Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn
Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn (born 23 February 1990) is a Vietnamese chess player. The second-best player in Vietnam, he is the youngest Vietnamese ever to become a Grandmaster, and one of the youngest grandmasters in the history of the game, having qualified for the title at the age of fourteen.

Chess prodigy
A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become grandmasters or even World Chess Champions.
Bhaskarabhatla
Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar is an Indian lyricist and a former film journalist who predominantly works in Telugu cinema. He worked for more than 125 films and penned lyrics for around 1000 songs as of 2025. He extensively worked with director Puri Jagannadh and music director Chakri and S. S. Thaman. He is famous for songs appealing to the masses. His primary genres are mass, romantic, and melodies. He won two Santosham Film Awards in 2006 and 2008 and a SIIMA award in 2013.

E. V. V. Satyanarayana
Eedara Veera Venkata Satyanarayana (ఈదర వీర వెంకట సత్యనారాయణ; 10 June 1956 – 21 January 2011) was an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer. He directed a total of 51 films in Telugu films and introduced many actors to Telugu cinema. He was well known for making comedy and melodrama films. In 2000, he established his own production company, E. V. V. Cinema. He died in 2011.
HD 98649
HD 98649 is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the southern Crater constellation. Based on parallax measurements, it is situated at a distance of 137.5 light years from the Sun. The system is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 4.3 km/s. With an apparent visual magnitude of +8.00, it is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The system has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.24″·yr−1.

The spectrum of HD 98649 presents as an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G3/5V. It is around 4.4 billion years old and is spinning slowly with a rotation period of roughly 27 days. The star is similar to the Sun, having nearly the same size, mass, and luminosity. It is considered a solar analog. The level of magnetic activity in the chromosphere is minimal.

Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing location.

The celestial sphere is a conceptual tool used in spherical astronomy to specify the position of an object in the sky without consideration of its linear distance from the observer. The celestial equator divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
Per Clausen
Per Clausen (born 20 February 1955) is a Danish politician from the Red-Green Alliance. Since 2013, he has served on the Aalborg Municipal council in Aalborg Municipality, where, in 2022, he became a deputy mayor for climate and energy.

Between 2005 and 2015, he represented the Red-Green Alliance in the Folketing.

In March 2023, he provided himself as the lead candidate for the Red-Green Alliance to the 2024 European Parliament election, and it was later announced that he would become the lead candidate.

2024 European Parliament election in Denmark
The 2024 European Parliament election in Denmark was held on 9 June 2024. The elections were held as part of the wider 2024 European Parliament election, but did not take place in the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are not part of the European Union.da
Pharmacodiagnostic testing
Pharmacodiagnostic testing is pre-treatment testing performed in order to determine whether, or not a patient is likely to respond to a given therapy. This type of test is classified as a predictive test and is a prerequisite for the implementation of stratified and personalized medicine.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Camp Coffee
Camp Coffee is a brand of coffee-and-chicory syrup from the United Kingdom. Originally intended as a concentrate that could be diluted to make coffee for drinking, it has since been primarily used in baking. It was first produced in 1876 by Paterson & Sons Ltd, in  Glasgow.

In 1974, Dennis Jenks merged his business with Paterson to form Paterson Jenks plc. In 1984, Paterson Jenks plc was bought by McCormick & Company. McCormick UK Ltd assimilated Paterson Jenks into the Schwartz brand. Camp is produced in Paisley, Renfrewshire.

Concentrate
A concentrate is a form of substance that has had the majority of its diluting agent or diluent (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed, such that the substance becomes the majority of the composition. Typically, this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension, such as the removal of water from fruit juice.
Beli (moon)
Beli (Saturn LXI), provisionally known as S/2004 S 30, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 7, 2019, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 21, 2007. It was given its permanent designation in August 2021. On 24 August 2022, it was named after Beli, a jötunn from Norse mythology. He is killed by Freyr with the antler of a hart (stag). According to John Lindow, the myth of Beli is partially lost. Some scholars suggest that he may be the brother of Freyr's wife Gerðr, although this is uncertain.

Beli is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20.396 million km in 1087.84 days, at 157.5° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.113.

Due to an error in the initial announcement of Beli, it was announced by the Minor Planet Center with the same orbit as Gerd. The issue was corrected later the same day.

Hart (deer)
A hart is a male red deer, synonymous with stag and used in contrast to the female hind; its use may now be considered mostly poetic or archaic, although for example it remains in use in the name of inns and pubs. The word comes from Middle English hert, from Old English heorot; compare Frisian hart, Dutch hert, German Hirsch, and Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish hjort, all meaning "deer". Heorot is given as the name of Hrothgar's mead hall in the Old English epic Beowulf.

Historically, hart has also been used generically to mean "deer, antelope", as in the royal antelope, which Willem Bosman called "the king of the harts". The word hart was also sometimes used in the past specifically to describe a stag of more than five years.
Bubsy 3D: Bubsy Visits the James Turrell Retrospective
Bubsy 3D: Bubsy Visits the James Turrell Retrospective is a downloadable 3D platform video game developed and published by indie game developer Arcane Kids. Touted as an educational experience, it is a facetious spiritual successor to Bubsy 3D, an entry from the Bubsy series of video games, and was created as a tribute to the game for the Bubsy franchise's 20th anniversary. The game follows Bubsy Bobcat as he travels through a nightmarish scenario upon visiting the real-life retrospective tribute of postmodern artist James Turrell. It was released in autumn 2013 – shortly after the domain name for Bubsy 3D's official website had expired. In 2017, in addition to making a downloadable version of the game available due to the fading support of the browser version of Unity, a remastered version of the game was made available with high-definition graphics and a new epilogue following Bubsy reminiscing over the events of the game and meeting his older self.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
Bronisław Witkowski
Bronisław Witkowski (27 August 1899 in Lviv – 15 October 1971 in Krynica-Zdrój) was a Polish luger who competed during the 1930s. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1935 European luge championships in Krynica, Poland.

FIL European Luge Championships 1935
The FIL European Luge Championships 1935 took place in Krynica, Poland under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in (in French)) under their "Section de Luge", a trend that would continue until the International Luge Federation (FIL) was formed in 1957.
2015 Jalisco Open – Doubles
César Ramírez and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champion. This year, Ramírez partnered Adrián Menéndez-Maceiras, but they lost to Kevin King and Dean O'Brien in the quarterfinals. Reyes-Varela played with Marcelo Demoliner.

Austin Krajicek and Rajeev Ram won the title, defeating Demoliner and Reyes-Varela in the final, 7–5, 4–6, [10–6].

Adrián Menéndez Maceiras
Adrián Menéndez Maceiras (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðɾjam meˈnendeθ maˈθejɾas]; born 28 October 1985) is a Spanish former tennis player. He has a career high-ranking singles of World No. 111, achieved in June 2015.

Menéndez Maceiras has reached the finals of fourteen Futures tournaments, winning nine of them. He has won four Challenger tournaments, lifting his maiden title at the 2007 Open Diputación Challenger in Pozoblanco, Spain defeating Dudi Sela in the final.
Tim Baker (American football)
Timothy Charles Baker (born October 23, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Niumalu Beach Park
Niumalu Beach Park is a county beach park in the district of Niumalu on the south-east coast of the island of Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands.
It is located on Nāwiliwili Bay, about 2.2 miles (3.5 km) south of Līhuʻe. The Hulēʻia National Wildlife Refuge is adjacent to the west, and Nāwiliwili Beach Park and harbor are adjacent to the east. Through much of the 19th century, it was home of Paul Kanoa, his son Paul P. Kanoa (both were Royal Governor of Kauaʻi), and family.
The hill above the beach later became county offices and then Kauai High School. For a while mangrove trees were taking over the beach. The Boy Scouts were part of the clean-up crew who volunteered to renovate the beach in 2014.

Līhuʻe, Hawaii
Līhuʻe (Hawaiian pronunciation: [liːˈhuʔe]) is an unincorporated community, census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. Līhuʻe is the second-largest town on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi, following Kapaʻa. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 6,455, up from 5,694 at the 2000 census.
Múlaþing
Múlaþing (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈmuːlaˌθiŋk]) is a municipality in eastern Iceland which was formed in 2020 from the merger of Fljótsdalshérað, Seyðisfjörður, Borgarfjarðarhreppur and Djúpavogshreppur.

It is the second largest municipality in the country by area (the largest being Þingeyjarsveit). The biggest town in the municipality is Egilsstaðir, with a population of around 2,500. The second largest town of Seyðisfjörður is one of the oldest towns in Iceland.

The feral reindeer of Iceland are mostly situated in Fljótsdalshérað, where they number between 5,000 and 10,000. The largest forest in Iceland, Hallormsstaðaskógur is also located in Fljótsdalshérað.

The Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant is located in the municipality.

Hallormsstaðaskógur
Hallormsstaður National Forest (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhatlˌɔ(r)msˌstaːðʏr̥]) or Hallormsstaðaskógur Icelandic pronunciation: [-ˌstaːðaˌskouː(ɣ)ʏr̥] is located in Fljótsdalur east Iceland, about 25 kilometers inland from the town of Egilsstaðir. It is one of the larger forests in Iceland, covering 740 hectares (ha), and includes the only village in Iceland that is located in a forest. The forest is a recreation area in a varied landscape. There are over 40 km of marked trails and footpaths as well as an arboretum, two camp-sites, picnic areas, a hotel, and boat and horse rentals.
Ronald Duncan (alpine skier)
Ronald 'Boris' Duncan CPhys (born 4 September 1962) is a former British alpine skier who competed on the annual FIS Alpine Ski World Cup circuit from 1981-1993, at four FIS Alpine World Ski Championships and at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. He set up  @UK PLC in 1999.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Jogimatti Wildlife Sanctuary
Jogimatti Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Chitradurga district of Karnataka. The wooded region of Jogimatti is a hill station and is rich in biodiversity. The area is picturesque, and is relatively compact with a wide range of flora and fauna. It is notified through an official notification on 23 December 2015. Jogimatti Sanctuary covers an area of 100.48 km2 of grasslands and shrub forests, approximately. In the hilly forests of Jogimatti jackals, wolves, sloth bears and leopards roam amidst windmills.

The Jogimatti forests are home to one of the few wild surviving endangered leopards. In the hilly forests of Jogimatti, Indian jackals, wolves, sloth bears, porcupines, and jungle cats roam amidst windmills. With its contiguous single-block intersperse of hillocks and plains, the Jogimatti forest is known as ‘Ooty of Dryland’.

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.