hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chernykh
Chernykh, also transliterated Černych (Russian: Черных) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Chernykh (born 1965), Russian ice hockey player

Dmitri Chernykh (ice hockey) (born 1985), Russian ice hockey player

Fedor Černych (born 1991), Lithuanian footballer

Igor Chernykh (1932–2020), Russian camera operator

Lyudmila Chernykh (1935–2017), Soviet astronomer

Nikolai Chernykh (1931–2004), Soviet astronomer

Nikolai Chernykh
Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (Russian: Никола́й Степа́нович Черны́х, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ tɕɪrˈnɨx]; 6 October 1931 – 25 May 2004) was a Russian-born Soviet astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and comets at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyi, Crimea.
External history
External history of a language refers to the social and geopolitical history of the language:  migrations, conquests, language contact, and uses of the language in trade, education, literature, law, liturgy, mass media, etc.  It is contrasted with internal history, which refers to linguistic forms (phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon) and semantics.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Anthony Hawken
Anthony Hawken (born 1948, died 2025) was an English sculptor. Hawken was a figurative sculptor who worked with bronze, marble, and stone. He was also a medal-maker, printmaker and designer of jewellery.

Hawken was born in London. He studied at the Medway College of Art and at the Royal Academy Schools. Hawken has completed sculptures of Melvyn Bragg, Nicholas Parsons and Norman Lamont and was also responsible for the oversize sculpture of footballer, Sam Bartram which stands outside the ground of Charlton Athletic, The Valley, London. In 2006 he was reported to be working on a statue of former footballer and manager, Alan Curbishley.

Sam Bartram
Samuel Bartram (22 January 1914 – 17 July 1981) was an English professional footballer and manager. He played as a goalkeeper and holds the record for most appearances for Charlton Athletic, his only club at the professional level.
CFAV Firebird
CFAV Firebird was a Fire-class fireboat in the Royal Canadian Navy designed by Robert Allan Ltd. Firebird was based in CFB Halifax, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her sister ship CFAV Firebrand is based in CFB Esquimalt.

Her three water cannons can fire water, or fire suppressant foam from her two 250 gallon tanks.

CFB Halifax
Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Halifax is Canada's east coast naval base and home port to the Royal Canadian Navy Atlantic fleet, known as Canadian Fleet Atlantic (CANFLTLANT), that forms part of the formation Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT).

It is the largest Canadian Forces Base in terms of the number of posted personnel and is formed from an amalgamation of military properties situated around the strategic Halifax Harbour in Nova Scotia.
Sri Lanka Army 25th Anniversary Medal
The Sri Lanka Army 25th Anniversary Medal (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා 25වන සංවත්සර පදක්කම Śrī Laṃkā yuddha hamudā visipasvana sangwathsara padakkama) was presented to all ranks of the regular and volunteer servicepersons of the Sri Lanka Army provided they have completed a minimum of ten years in service by October 8, 1974, the year of the 25th anniversary of the Ceylon Army.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Mr Noon
Mr Noon is an unfinished novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence. It appears to have been drafted in 1920 and 1921 and then abandoned by the author. It consists of two parts.

The first part was published posthumously by Secker as a long short story in the 1934 volume A Modern Lover. This fragment was reissued in 1968 in the Phoenix II collection of Lawrence's assorted writings. It is set in the East Midlands, where the author was born and spent his youth. The second fragment "effectively disappeared for about 50 years and then [was] bought by the University of Texas in 1972". It was finally published along with the introductory section in 1984 and describes the experiences of the main character during his elopement to the continent.

The book is characterised by a flippant, sarcastic tone as Lawrence reflects on the sexual behaviour and attitudes of provincial men and women in the period before the First World War.

Martin Secker
Martin Secker (6 April 1882 – 6 April 1978), born Percy Martin Secker Klingender, was a London publisher who was responsible for producing the work of a distinguished group of literary authors, including D. H. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Norman Douglas, Henry James, Compton Mackenzie, and George Orwell. He began publishing just before the First World War.
Secker lived at Bridgefoot House, Iver, Buckinghamshire.

In 1935, Secker's original firm merged to form the new company of Secker & Warburg.
George E. Hagen
George E. Hagen (July 1, 1878 – November 11, 1940) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Halifax West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1933 to 1940. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1878 at Hunt's Point, Nova Scotia, Hagen was a plumbing and heating contractor by career. He married Della Dobson. He served as president of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party. Hagen entered provincial politics in the 1933 election, winning the Halifax West riding. He was re-elected in 1937. He served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Industry. In July 1940, Hagen announced he was resigning from politics, but later changed his mind and was re-nominated as the Liberal candidate for Halifax West. He won the byelection on October 28 by acclamation. Hagen died in office on November 11, 1940.

Halifax West (provincial electoral district)
Halifax West was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It was formed in 1933 when Halifax County was divided into five distinct electoral districts. In 1955, the district of Halifax Northwest was created from a portion of Halifax West. Following a name change in 1966 to Halifax County West, the district was redistributed entirely to create the current district of Halifax-St. Margaret's in 1967.
MacLaren Art Centre
The MacLaren Art Centre is an art gallery and museum, located in Barrie, Ontario, Canada.

It is named in honour of Maurice MacLaren, who bequeathed his Victorian home, Maple Hill, to the Barrie Gallery Project in 1989. The MacLaren Art Centre later moved to the former City of Barrie library, a Carnegie building, and added to it; the new gallery opened in September 2001. The building was designed by Siamak Hariri of Hariri Pontarini Architects. The first piece in the gallery's collection is the Spirit Catcher, a sculpture by Ron Baird, first displayed at Expo '86 in Vancouver, and donated by the Peacock Foundation.

Ron Baird
Ronald Arnott Baird RCA is a Canadian artist. He is best known for his stainless-steel sculptures. He became a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1978 and the 1971 recipient of the Allied Arts Award from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.
Grotrian baronets
The Grotrian Baronetcy, of Leighton Buzzard in the County of Bedford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 June 1934 for Herbert Brent Grotrian, who had earlier represented Kingston upon Hull South West in the House of Commons as a Conservative. He was the second son of Frederick Brent Grotrian, Conservative member of parliament for Kingston upon Hull East from 1886 to 1892.

Kingston upon Hull South West
Kingston upon Hull South West was a borough constituency in the city of Kingston upon Hull in East Yorkshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the 1950 general election.
2025 General Tire 150 (Charlotte)
The 2025 General Tire 150 was the 5th stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 7th and final running of the event. The race was held on Friday, May 23, 2025, at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) permanent asphalt tri-oval shaped intermediate speedway. The race took the scheduled 100 laps to complete. In a chaotic race, Austin Green, driving for Pinnacle Racing Group, would dominate the final stages of the event, leading a race-high 52 laps to earn his first career ARCA Menards Series win in his second start. To fill out the podium, Grant Enfinger, driving for CR7 Motorsports, and Lavar Scott, driving for Rev Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Concord, North Carolina
Concord (/ˌkɒnˈkɔːrd/ kon-KORD) is the most populous city in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. The city had a population of 105,240 at the 2020 census. Concord is the second-most populous city in the Charlotte metropolitan area, tenth-most populous city in North Carolina and 287th-most populous city in the U.S.

The city was a winner of the All-America City Award in 2004. Located near the center of Cabarrus County in the Piedmont region, it is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Uptown Charlotte. Concord is the home to some of North Carolina's top tourist destinations, including NASCAR's Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills.
Kentucky's 12th Senate district
Kentucky's 12th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the central part of the state, it comprises the counties of Boyle, Mercer, Woodford, and part of Fayette. It has been represented by Amanda Mays Bledsoe (R–Lexington) since 2023. As of 2023, the district had a population of 120,961.

Woodford County, Kentucky
Woodford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,871. Its county seat is Versailles. The area was home to Pisgah Academy. Woodford County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the center of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky.
2024 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV
The Asia/Oceania Zone was the unique zone within Group 4 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2024. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in Phnom Penh, Cambodia from 10 to 13 July 2024.

Myanmar Davis Cup team
The Myanmar Davis Cup team represents Myanmar in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis Federation of Myanmar.

They have not competed since 2018.

They finished third in Group IV in 2003.
The Alan Clark Diaries
The Alan Clark Diaries is a 2004 BBC television serial dramatising the diaries of the controversial British Conservative politician Alan Clark. The six-episode series debuted on BBC Four on 15 January 2004, and was later repeated on BBC Two.

Minister of State for Trade Policy and Economic Security
The Minister of State for Trade Policy and Economic Security,  formerly Minister of State for Trade Policy and Minister of State for Trade, is a mid-level role at the Department for Business and Trade in the Government of the United Kingdom. It is currently held by Sir Chris Bryant, who took the office on 6 September 2025.
Presian Ridge
Presian Ridge (Presiyanov Rid \pre-si-'ya-nov 'rid\) is a ridge of elevation 1456 m extending 950 m in east-weat direction in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated between the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) to the west and Catalunyan Saddle to the east.  Surmounting Wörner Gap, Camp Academia locality and upper Huron Glacier to the north, and Macy Glacier to the south.

First ascent by the Catalans Francesc Sàbat and Jorge Enrique from Juan Carlos I Base on 30 December 1991.

The ridge is named after Khan Presian of Bulgaria, 836-852 AD, who brought the Bulgarian lands in Macedonia together with those in Thrace, Moesia, Panonia, Dacia and Scythia.

Camp Academia
Camp Academia (Bulgarian: лагер Академия, romanized: lager Akademiya, IPA: [ˈɫaɡɛr ɐkɐˈdɛmijɐ]) is a geographical locality in eastern Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, named for the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in appreciation of the Academy’s contribution to Antarctic exploration. The site was first occupied in the 2004/05 austral summer, and has been designated since 2004 as the summer post office Tangra 1091, the southernmost branch of the Bulgarian Posts Plc.
Whitehill, Midlothian
Whitehill (/ˈhwaɪtˌhɪl/ ⓘ) is a village in Midlothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately 1.5 miles (2 km) south-east of Dalkeith and 8.5 miles (13.6 km) from Edinburgh. The village is situated on the northwest slope of the Mayfield-Tranent ridge which spans the border between Midlothian and East Lothian. Both road entrances to the village offer magnificent panoramic views over Edinburgh, the Firth of Forth and the Pentland Hills.

Tranent
Tranent /trəˈnɛnt/ is a town in East Lothian (formerly Haddingtonshire), in the south-east of Scotland. Tranent lies 6 mi (9.7 km) from the boundary of Edinburgh, and 9.1 mi (14.6 km) from the city centre. It lies south of the A1 road that runs through the parish splitting it from its associated villages and hamlets Meadowmill and the ports of Cockenzie and Port Seton. The original main post road ran straight through the town until the new A1 was built. Built on a gentle slope, about 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level it is one of the oldest towns in East Lothian. The population of the town is approximately 12,140, an increase of over 4,000 since 2001. Tranent was formerly a major mining town, but now serves as a commuter town for Edinburgh.
Arthur Butler (rugby union)
Arthur Geoffrey Butler (30 September 1914 – 21 March 2007) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Oxford, Butler was a speedy wing three-quarter, who won Southern Counties championships in the 100 and 220 yards sprint events. He played his rugby for Harlequins and was capped twice for England during their triple crown-winning 1937 Home Nations campaign. After debuting against Wales at Twickenham, Butler contributed a second-half try in the 9–8 win over Ireland, but wasn't picked for the final fixture against Scotland.

Butler was appointed RFU president in 1963, becoming the first from the Oxfordshire union to fill the position.

1937 Home Nations Championship
The 1937 Home Nations Championship was the thirty-third series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Five Nations, and prior to that, the Home Nations, this was the fiftieth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Six matches were played between 16 January and 3 April. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Zbrodzice
Zbrodzice [zbrɔˈd͡ʑit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Busko-Zdrój and 46 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Busko County
Busko (Polish: powiat buski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Busko-Zdrój, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 967.39 square kilometres (373.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,821, out of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 15,832 and the rural population is 51,989.
McAllister Place
McAllister Place is a shopping mall located in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Officially opening with five stores on July 30, 1975, McAllister Place has a retail floor area of 483,000 square feet (44,900 m2) and featured 110 stores as of 2009. It is the largest mall located in Saint John.

Cadillac Fairview
The Cadillac Fairview Corporation Limited, branded as Cadillac Fairview, is a Canadian company that invests in, owns, and manages commercial real estate, mainly in Canada and the United States. As of March 2017, the company had 73 properties, encompassing 50 million square feet, worth over $40 billion. As of September 2017, Cadillac Fairview's portfolio consisted of 60% Canadian retail (mainly major shopping centres) and 26% Canadian office buildings. Cadillac Fairview is wholly owned by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.
Squier-Hall Award
The Squier-Hall Award for NASCAR Media Excellence is an award in the NASCAR Hall of Fame that is presented to a member of the media for their contributions to NASCAR. The award has been presented each year since 2013. It is named after Ken Squier and Barney Hall, who were the inaugural recipients of the award.

Ken Squier
Kenley Dean Squier (April 10, 1935 – November 15, 2023) was an American sportscaster and motorsports editor from Waterbury, Vermont. From 1979 to 1997, he served as the lap-by-lap commentator for NASCAR on CBS, and was also a lap-by-lap commentator for TBS from 1983–1999. Squier was the first announcer to give lap-by-lap commentary for the Daytona 500 in 1979. He coined the term "The Great American Race" for the Daytona 500 and helped introduce the Australian-developed in-car camera for the 1982 running of the event. He lived in Stowe, Vermont until his death.
Lagotellerie Island
Lagotellerie Island is an island 1.9 kilometres (1 nmi) long, lying 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) west of Horseshoe Island in Marguerite Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot.

Antarctic shag
The Antarctic shag (Leucocarbo bransfieldensis), sometimes referred to as the imperial cormorant, king cormorant, imperial shag, blue-eyed shag or Antarctic cormorant, is the only species of the cormorant family found in the Antarctic. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the Imperial shag (Leucocarbo atriceps).
Henosferus
Henosferus is an extinct genus of australosphenidan mammal from Lower Jurassic of Argentina. The only recorded species, Henosferus molus, was found in the Cañadón Asfalto Formation of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin in Chubut Province, Patagonia.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Joe F. Ragland
Joe F. Ragland (April 7, 1936 – January 24, 2025) was an American politician from the state of Georgia. He served as a Democratic-turned-Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1967 to 1969. He was born in Newnan, Georgia, grew up in Macon, and earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Georgia. He began a career in realty before being elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1966. On March 1, 1968, he switched to the Republican Party, citing what he saw as the benefits of a strong two-party system and the alignment of local youths with his new party. Later that year, he lost the Republican primary for re-election to future U.S. congressman Billy Lee Evans.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Leyland Eight
The Leyland Eight or Straight Eight was a luxury car produced by Leyland Motors from 1920 to 1923.

The car was designed by the chief engineer of Leyland Motors, J.G. Parry-Thomas and his assistant Reid Railton, and was intended to be the finest car available. It was the first British car with a straight-eight engine and Leyland managing director Henry Spurrier II (d.1942) told the company's board that it was better than a Rolls-Royce in every respect. The Eight was introduced to the public at the 1920 International Motor Exhibition at Olympia, London, where it was referred to as the "Lion of Olympia".

Olympia London
Olympia Events, formerly known as Olympia London and sometimes referred to as the Olympia Exhibition Centre, is an exhibition centre, event space and conference centre in West Kensington, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, London, England. A range of international trade and consumer exhibitions, conferences and sporting events are staged at the venue.

There is an adjacent railway station at Kensington (Olympia) which is both a London Overground station, and a London Underground station. The direct District Line spur to the station only runs at weekends.
Reference.com
Reference.com is an online encyclopedia that organizes content that uses a question-and-answer format. Articles are organized into hierarchical categories.

Before IAC restructured the site following an acquisition in 2008, Reference.com also had comprised multiple reference works, and disclosed its sources.

Online encyclopedia
An online encyclopedia, also called an Internet encyclopedia, is a digital encyclopedia accessible through the Internet. Some examples include pre-World Wide Web services that offered the Academic American Encyclopedia beginning in 1980, Encyclopedia.com since 1998, Encarta from 2000 to 2009, Wikipedia since 2001, Encyclopædia Britannica since 2016, and Grokipedia since 2025.