hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GSDMD
Gasdermin D (GSDMD, from combination of gastro and dermato, referencing the locations where its family of proteins were originally found to be primarily expressed) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GSDMD gene on chromosome 8.
It belongs to the gasdermin family which is conserved among vertebrates and comprises six members in humans, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME (DFNA5) and DFNB59 (Pejvakin). Members of the gasdermin family are expressed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells and immune cells. GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD and GSDME have been suggested to act as tumour suppressors.

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P, PI-4-P, PI4P, or PIP) is a precursor of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate.  PtdIns4P is prevalent in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus.

In the Golgi apparatus, PtdIns4P binds to the GTP-binding protein ARF and to effector proteins, including four-phosphate-adaptor protein 1 and 2 (PLEKHA3 and PLEKHA8). This three molecule complex recruits proteins that need to be carried to the cell membrane.

There is now evidence that PI-4-P is capable of deforming lipid systems into tightly curved assemblies, this is consistent with similar behaviour observed in phosphatidylinositol.
Bharat Vatwani
Bharat Vatwani  is an Indian psychiatrist, based in Mumbai, India. He is known for his work in rehabilitating and reuniting mentally ill homeless people with their families. He founded the Shraddha Rehabilitation Foundation, and provides care, treatment, and support to homeless mentally ill people. In recognition of his humanitarian efforts, he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2018.

Vatwani began helping the mentally ill after an encounter with a homeless man drinking from a gutter and reuniting the man with his family. After helping a well-known professor who suffered from schizophrenia, a fundraising campaign was started in order for Vatwani to open a 20-bed rehabilitation centre. In 2006, Vatwani's original rehabilitation centre was moved to Karjat.

Vatwani officially founded the Shraddha Rehabilitation Foundation in 1989. Between 2006 and 2011, the foundation reunited over a thousand people with their families.

Karjat
Karjat (Pronunciation: [kəɾd͡zət̪]) is a city administered under a Municipal Council in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. It forms a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and is located approximately 100 km (62 mi) from both Mumbai and Pune. The city is served by Karjat railway station and the Ulhas River flows through it. The city falls under the189 Karjat Assembly constituency.
Ada and Minna Everleigh
Ada and Minna Everleigh, born Ada and Minna Simms, were two American sisters who operated the Everleigh Club, a high-priced brothel in the Levee District of Chicago during the first decade of the twentieth century.  Ada, the elder sister, was born in Greene County, Virginia, on February 15, 1864, and died in Charlottesville, Virginia, on January 5, 1960. Minna was born in Greene County on July 13, 1866, and died in New York City on September 16, 1948.

Greene County, Virginia
Greene County is a county in Virginia in the eastern United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,552. Its county seat is Stanardsville.

Greene County is part of the Charlottesville, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In recent years, Greene County has become a tourist destination for metropolitan areas to escape to the Shenandoah National Park and Virginia's scenic foothills.
Wisconsin State Capitol
The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. Completed in 1917, the building is the fifth to serve as the Wisconsin capitol since the first territorial legislature convened in 1836 and the third building since Wisconsin was granted statehood in 1848. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the 187 feet (57 m) columns surrounding the dome.  That is, -within one mile of the Capitol.  1,032 feet above sea level=the 187-foot mark. The Capitol is located at the southwestern end of the Madison Isthmus in downtown Madison, bordered by streets that make up the Capitol Square.

Wisconsin Territory
The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized and incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was initially chosen as the capital of the territory. In 1837, the territorial legislature met in Burlington, just north of the Skunk River on the Mississippi, which became part of the Iowa Territory in 1838. In that year, 1838, the territorial capital of Wisconsin was moved to Madison.
Condah
Condah /ˈkɒndɑː/ is a small town in south west Victoria, Australia and is located on the Henty Highway north of Heywood. At the 2006 census, Condah and the surrounding area had a population of 272.

It is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of Lake Condah, Budj Bim National Park and Budj Bim.

Budj Bim National Park
The Budj Bim National Park, formerly known as Mount Eccles National Park, is a national park located in the Western District of Victoria, Australia. The 5,470-hectare (13,500-acre) national park is situated approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) west of Melbourne and approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of Macarthur. It derives its name from the Budj Bim volcano, formerly Mount Eccles, which is situated in the north-east of the park.

The park now forms part of the larger Budj Bim heritage areas of both national and world significance, due to the extensive systems of aquaculture created by Aboriginal Australians thousands of years ago and the significance of the area to the Gunditjmara people.
Thomas Onslow (cricketer)
Thomas Frederick Onslow (15 January 1821 – 15 July 1883) was an English first-class cricketer. Onslow was the son of British politician Thomas Cranley Onslow and the grandson of Thomas Onslow, 2nd Earl of Onslow who had played first-class cricket for Surrey and the Marylebone Cricket Club.

Onslow represented Hampshire, making his first-class debut in 1848 against an All England Eleven. Onslow played one further match for the county against the same opposition in 1849.

Onslow died at New Alresford, Hampshire, on 15 July 1883.

Surrey county cricket team (pre-1846)
Until 1845, the Surrey county cricket team, always known as Surrey, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly Chertsey Cricket Club in the 18th century, and by Montpelier Cricket Club in the 19th. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Surrey County Cricket Club on 22 August 1845.
Polyethylenimine
Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers. Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups. Totally branched, dendrimeric forms were also reported. PEI is produced on an industrial scale and finds many applications usually derived from its polycationic character.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Brian Selden
Brian Selden (born 1980 in San Diego, California) was the winner of the 1998 Magic: The Gathering World Championship.

His strategy in the tournament was to use two cards, called Survival of the Fittest and Recurring Nightmare repeatedly. The former card puts creatures into the graveyard, while the latter allows the user to return them to the battlefield without using any mana. This results in a constant cycle of resurrected creatures. Selden used this tactic to bring back utility creatures or either Verdant Force or Spirit of the Night, both very expensive, powerful, and usually game-ending cards.

Selden received his BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 2003, and his MS in Mechanical Engineering from MIT in 2005.

Magic: The Gathering rules
The rules of the collectible card role-playing game Magic: The Gathering were originally developed by the game's creator, Richard Garfield, and accompanied the first version of the game in 1993. The game's rules have frequently been changed by the manufacturer Wizards of the Coast, mostly in minor ways, but several major rule changes have also been implemented.

In its most-played form, Magic is a game in which two players play each other using their own deck of cards. Players start by drawing a hand of seven cards and then take turns. In a turn, a player can play one mana-producing Land, play spells that require varying amounts and colors of mana, and attack their opponent to reduce their life total from the starting point of 20 to zero, and thus winning the game.
Pickerel Creek
Pickerel Creek is a stream in Christian and Greene counties in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The stream is a tributary to the Sac River.

The headwaters of the stream are in western Christian County at 37°04′20″N 93°34′04″W﻿ / ﻿37.07222°N 93.56778°W﻿ / 37.07222; -93.56778 and the confluence with the Sac River in Greene County is at 37°13′41″N 93°33′05″W﻿ / ﻿37.22806°N 93.55139°W﻿ / 37.22806; -93.55139. The stream source area lies just north of Billings and U.S. Route 60. The stream flows north into Greene County passing under Missouri Route 174 west of Republic. It continues north passing under Interstate 44 and Missouri Route 266 east of Plano and joins the Sac River about two miles north of Plano and three miles southwest of Bois D'Arc.

Pickerel Creek has the name of the local Pickerel family.

Christian County, Missouri
Christian County is located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 88,842. Its county seat is Ozark. The county was organized in 1859 and is named after  Christian County, Kentucky, which in turn is named for William Christian, a Kentucky soldier of the American Revolutionary War.

Part of the Springfield, Missouri metropolitan statistical area, Christian County experienced rapid growth between 2000 and 2010, becoming the fastest-growing county in Missouri and one of the fastest in the nation, largely due to Springfield's expansion.
Modern Literal Taiwanese
Modern Literal Taiwanese (MLT), also known as Modern Taiwanese Language (MTL), is an orthography in the Latin alphabet for Taiwanese based on the Taiwanese Modern Spelling System (TMSS). MLT is able to use the ASCII character set plus ⟨ø⟩ to indicate the proper variation of pitch without any subsidiary scripts or diacritic symbols.  The Phofsit Daibuun orthography is based on MLT, but substitutes ⟨oi⟩ for ⟨ø⟩.

Bopomofo
Bopomofo, also called Zhuyin Fuhao (/dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/ joo-YIN foo-HOW; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin, is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is the principal method of teaching Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.

Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the Beiyang government, where it was used alongside Wade–Giles, a romanization system which used a modified Latin alphabet. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary electronic input method for Taiwanese Mandarin, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents.
Måns Herngren
Måns Herngren (born 20 April 1965) is a Swedish actor and noted director. Almost all of his films are done together with his friend Hannes Holm. He is the older brother to actor and comedian Felix Herngren.

Herngren and Holm's Adam & Eva was the highest-grossing film in Sweden in 1997, grossing $5.4 million. Afterwards, he and Hannes formed their own production company AS Fladen. Det blir aldrig som man tänkt sig was their third hit and also topped the Swedish box office.

Måns Herngren was married to Lena Philipsson from 1993 to 2002. He was married to former high jumper Kajsa Bergqvist, but their divorce was announced early 2011.

Lena Philipsson
Maria Magdalena Filipsson (born 19 January 1966), known by her stage name Lena Philipsson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlêːna ˈfîːlɪpˌsɔn]), is a Swedish singer, songwriter and media personality. She represented Sweden in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing fifth. In 2024, Philipsson was hired by Per Gessle as the female vocalist for Roxette's 2025 tour.
Waldeck, Alberta
Waldeck (also known as Pageant or Wheat Centre) is an unincorporated community in Vulcan County, Alberta, Canada. The former community site is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Village of Milo, on the eastern shore of McGregor Lake at the intersection of Township Road 180 & Range Road 214. Waldeck has suffered from depopulation since the mid-1920s and very little remains of the original townsite. However, many cabins and recreation homes have recently been built along the lake at the site.

The community was named by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
2021 Dawn 150
The 2021 Dawn Ultra 150 was the seventh stock car race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series season, the second race of the 2021 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, June 4, in Lexington, Ohio at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, a 2.258 miles (3.634 km) permanent road course. The race took the scheduled 42 laps to complete. At race's end, Ty Gibbs would dominate for his 13th ARCA Menards Series career win, his fifth of the season, and his fourth win in a row of the season. To fill out the podium, Austin Hill of Hattori Racing Enterprises and Thad Moffitt of David Gilliland Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Tricon Garage
Tricon Garage (stylized as TRICON Garage), formerly known as David Gilliland Racing, DGR-Crosley, and Team DGR, is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and the NASCAR Cup Series. The team was founded in early 2017 when racing team owners David Gilliland and Bo LeMastus came together to form a collaborative effort from their respective teams, David Gilliland Racing and Crosley Sports Group, known as DGR-Crosley. DGR-Crosley fielded Toyotas in 2018 and 2019 before announcing its switch to Ford starting in 2020. The team reverted to the David Gilliland Racing name in 2021 as Johnny Gray became a co-owner. Former co-owner and driver Bo LeMastus remained with the team in a marketing and sponsorship capacity.

On October 27, 2022, the team announced that they would be returning to Toyota Racing Development in 2023 and would rename the team Tricon Garage. The new name is said to be derived from the prefix tri- and the word icon.
Gura Râului
Gura Râului  (German: Auendorf; Hungarian: Guraró) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It lies at the foothills of the Cindrel Mountains, 20 km (12 mi) west of the county capital, Sibiu, within the Mărginimea Sibiului ethnographic area. It is composed of a single village, Gura Râului.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Baen Books
Baen Books (/ˈbeɪn/) is an American publishing house for science fiction and fantasy. In science fiction, it emphasizes space opera, hard science fiction, and military science fiction. The company was established in 1983 by science fiction publisher and editor Jim Baen. After his death in 2006, he was succeeded as publisher by long-time executive editor Toni Weisskopf.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
2016 Eschborn–Frankfurt – Rund um den Finanzplatz
The 2016 Eschborn-Frankfurt – Rund um den Finanzplatz was the 54th edition of the Eschborn-Frankfurt – Rund um den Finanzplatz, a semi-classic cycling race in Germany. It was held, as customary on Tag der Arbeit (English: Labour Day), 1 May. The race started in Eschborn and finished in Frankfurt, covering a total distance of 206.8 kilometres (128.5 mi), and was a part of the 2016 UCI Europe Tour.

The race was won by Norwegian classics specialist Alexander Kristoff for Team Katusha, in a bunch sprint ahead of Maximiliano Richeze (Etixx–Quick-Step) and Bora–Argon 18's Sam Bennett.

Maximiliano Richeze
Ariel Maximiliano Richeze Araquistain (born 7 March 1983) is an Argentine professional cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2006 until January 2023. Richeze won the silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games (Men's Team Pursuit). His brothers Roberto, Mauro and Adrián are also cyclists.
Joel Filani
Joel O. Filani (born December 8, 1983) is an American former professional football wide receiver and current co-offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach for the Abilene Christian Wildcats. He was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL draft. He played college football at Texas Tech.

Filani was also a member of the Minnesota Vikings, Seattle Seahawks, Detroit Lions, St. Louis Rams, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, California Redwoods, San Jose SaberCats and Chicago Rush.

Abilene Christian Wildcats football
The Abilene Christian Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Abilene Christian University located in the U.S. state of Texas. The team was a member of the Southland Conference through the 2020–21 season, but joined the Western Athletic Conference in July 2021, coinciding with that league's reinstatement of football as an official conference sport. After the 2022 season, the WAC fully merged its football league with that of the ASUN Conference, creating what eventually became the United Athletic Conference, and ACU accordingly moved its football team to the new league. The school's first football team was fielded in 1919. The team plays its home games at the on-campus Anthony Field at Wildcat Stadium.
Thunderbolt Patterson
Claude Patterson (born July 8, 1941) is an American retired professional wrestler, known by his ring name Thunderbolt Patterson. He began his career in 1964 and wrestled primarily in Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas. During the early 1970s, he was blacklisted by the National Wrestling Alliance for repeated appearances with outlaw promotions, his complaints of institutional racism and attempts to form a wrestlers' labor union.

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
Amulree
Amulree (Scottish Gaelic: Àth Maol Ruibhe, 'Ford of [St.] Maelrubha') is a small hamlet in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies in hilly country on the A822 road, one kilometre (one-half mile) east of Loch Freuchie in Strathbraan, eight kilometres (5 mi) west of Dunkeld and ten kilometres (6 mi) north of Crieff. It lies close to the geographical centre of Scotland.

Its parish church contains copies of records of the large number of people who stayed there prior to mass emigration – mostly to North Easthope, Canada – in the early 19th century, where a settlement (Amulree, Ontario) was named after it.: 132  The church is linked with Aberfeldy Parish Church. A history of the hamlet, titled Amulree and its Church, was written in 1990 by resident Nancy Countess of Enniskille, the American-born second wife of the 6th Earl of Enniskillen. A notable minister was James McLagan.

The River Braan flows past Amulree from Loch Freuchie.

A822 road
The A822 is a road which runs through Perthshire in Scotland. It runs from the A9 road at Greenloaning, and rejoins the A9 at Dunkeld. It goes through Crieff and intersects the A85 road and the A823 road to Dunfermline.
Georgy Satarov
Georgy Aleksandrovich Satarov (Russian: Георгий Александрович Сатаров; born August 22, 1947, in Moscow), is a Russian mathematician, politician, political scientist and a former aide to Russian president Boris Yeltsin (1994–1997). He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation. Since October 1997, he has headed the InDem Foundation and specializes in researching Russia's political corruption.

1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation
1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation (Russian: действительный государственный советник Российской Федерации 1 класса) is the highest federal state civilian service rank of Russia.

The rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation was first introduced with enactment of the Federal Law of 31 July 1995 No.119-FZ "About fundamentals of state service of Russian Federation" (as qualification class) and was retained with enactment of the Federal Law of 27 July 2004 No.79-FZ "About state civilian service of Russian Federation" (as state civilian service rank).

The rank is assigned by the President of Russia. This rank is one step above the rank of 2nd class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

According to the Table approved by the Presidential Decree of 1 February 2005 No.113, the rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation is equal to the military rank of the Army general/Fleet admiral.