hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Sapolsky
Robert Morris Sapolsky (born April 6, 1957) is an American academic, neuroscientist, and primatologist. He is the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor at Stanford University and is a professor of biology, neurology, and neurosurgery. Sapolsky's research has focused on neuroendocrinology, particularly relating to stress. He is also a research associate with the National Museums of Kenya.

National Museums of Kenya
The National Museums of Kenya (NMK; Swahili: Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Kenya) is a state corporation that manages museums, sites and monuments in Kenya. It carries out heritage research, and has expertise in subjects ranging from palaeontology, archeology, ethnography and biodiversity research and conservation. Its headquarters and the National Museum (Nairobi National Museum) are located on Museum Hill, near Uhuru Highway between Central Business District and Westlands in Nairobi. The National Museum of Kenya was founded by the East African Natural History Society (E.A.N.H.S.) in 1910; the society's main goal has always been to conduct an ongoing critical scientific examination of the natural attributes of the East African habitat. The museum houses collections, and temporary and permanent exhibits. Today the National Museum of Kenya manages over 22 regional museums, many sites, and monuments across the country.
Kazue Takuma
Kazue Takuma (born 4 August 1974) is a Japanese former professional tennis player.

Takuma, who had a career high singles ranking of 233, made her WTA Tour main draw debut at Nagoya in 1995 and also twice qualified for the main draw of the Japan Open. As a doubles player she had her best year in 1996 when she won a $25,000 ITF title in Taipei and was runner-up in a WTA Tour tournament, the China Open. She featured in the singles qualifying draw for the 1997 Australian Open.

China Open (tennis)
The China Open is a hardcourt tennis tournament organized by the Chinese Tennis Association annually at the China National Tennis Center in Beijing, China. It is held in late September and early October. The women's event is a WTA 1000 event on the WTA Tour, while the men's is an ATP 500 event on the ATP Tour. The total prize money for the 2023 tournament is US$11.62 million, the highest for tournaments of the same level.

The tournament was first held in 1993, discontinued in 1998, and reinstated in 2004. In 2006, the China Open became the first tournament outside the United States to use the Hawk-Eye system in match play.
Maude B. Perkins
Maude B. Perkins (née, Brown; after first marriage, Perkins; after second marriage, Slaton; 1874-1932) was an American educator and temperance reformer. She was affiliated with the New York state, Alabama, and the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) organizations. Perkins served as the national general secretary of the Young People’s Branch of the WCTU (1919-1927), which then included both college and general activities; and for six years as director of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Association, the Student Department of the World League Against Alcoholism.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Jitlada
Jitlada (Thai: จิตลดา) is a Thai restaurant in Thai Town, Los Angeles, notable for its spicy dishes. Opened in a Sunset Boulevard strip mall in the 1970s, the restaurant was purchased in 2007 by siblings Suthiporn “Tui” Sungkamee (Thai: สุทธิพร "ตุ๋ย" สังขมี) and Sarintip “Jazz” Singsanong (Thai: ศรินทิพย์ "แจ๊ส" สิงห์สนอง). Raised in Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Southern Thailand, Sungkamee and Singsanong specialized in Southern Thai cuisine, including dishes that emphasized turmeric, chili peppers, and Thai herbs. Sungkamee died in 2017, age 67.

Jitlada has been featured on two episodes of Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, the third season of Food Paradise, season two of The Best Thing I Ever Ate, and The Migrant Kitchen.

The restaurant has also been featured in Food & Wine, Los Angeles Times and The New York Times.

Food Paradise
Food Paradise is a television series narrated by Jesse Blaze Snider (formerly by Mason Pettit) that features the best places to find various cuisines at food locations across America. Episodes were originally shown on the Travel Channel. Other networks began airing episodes of the series including the Cooking Channel in 2019 and Food Network in 2020.
2016–17 Real Madrid CF season
The 2016–17 season was Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 113th season in existence and the club's 86th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. It covered a period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

The 2016–17 season was one of the most successful campaigns in the history of Real Madrid. The club attained four titles, including a La Liga and Champions League double, a feat only achieved twice before by Real (in 1956–57 and 1957–58).

This season was the first since 2008–09 without Álvaro Arbeloa who had departed to join English club West Ham United F.C. Arbeloa announced that he will not extend his contract for another campaign thus bidding farewell with Los Merengues during the conclusion of the previous season.

2016 FIFA Club World Cup
The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016 presented by Alibaba YunOS Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised international club football tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The tournament was hosted by Japan.

This edition marked the second time and first since 2008 in which the CONMEBOL representative did not feature any clubs from Argentina or Brazil.

Barcelona could not defend their title as they were eliminated in the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals.

Real Madrid won their second Club World Cup, defeating hosts Kashima Antlers 4–2 after extra time in the final.
Rolandz
Rolandz is a dansband from Sweden, established in 2008 by Robert Gustafsson. The breakthrough was during a Dansbandskampen break appearance in 2008. In 2009, the band participated at Allsång på Skansen on 7 July 2009.

Singer and lead man of Rolandz is the character Roland Järverup, whom Robert Gustafsson played in the 1999 movie Screwed in Tallinn by Killinggänget. Later, the idea was hatched to create Rolandz using the Roland Järverup character.

Rolandz competed in Melodifestivalen 2018 with the song Fuldans, and finished in 10th place in the grand final.

Dansbandskampen
Dansbandskampen is a television show established by Peter Settman and his production company Baluba. Peter Settman is also the show host. The show is broadcast over Sveriges Television, with season 1 airing October–December 2008.

In 2008, five bands participated each week. Each week consisted of one moment where the bands were free to perform a pop or rock song, followed up by the second moment, Dansbandsklassikern ("The dansband classic"), where a famous dansband song was performed, chosen by drawing. The finalist bands are given an own, new own-produced song, followed up by the two remaining bands performing their own version of a song.

There are discussions of spreading the concept outside Sweden, with a disco/folk music version in Poland and a country music version in the United States.
Pristimantis melanoproctus
Pristimantis melanoproctus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.

It is found in Venezuela and possibly Colombia. Its natural habitat is tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Arnold Greenberg (Snapple)
Arnold Shepard Greenberg (September 2, 1932 – October 26, 2012) was an American businessman who co-founded Snapple, a brand of tea and juice drinks, in the 1970s with Leonard Marsh, his former high school classmate, and Hyman Golden, who was Marsh's brother-in-law. Greenberg later became the vice president and chief operating officer of the Snapple Corporation and retired after the 1994 acquisition of the brand to Quaker Oats.

Quaker Oats Company
The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago, Illinois. As Quaker Mill Company, the company was founded in 1877 in Ravenna, Ohio. In 1881, Henry Parsons Crowell bought the company and launched a national advertising campaign for Quaker Oats.

In 1911, the company acquired the Great Western Cereal Company. The iconic cylindrical package was introduced in 1915. The company's logo, which depicts a Quaker man, has had several iterations.

In 1983, Quaker acquired Stokely-Van Camp, Inc., the maker of Van Camp's and Gatorade. In 2001, PepsiCo bought Quaker Oats for $14 billion, primarily to acquire the Gatorade brand.
Cypress dome
A cypress dome is a type of freshwater forested wetland, or a swamp, found in the southeastern part of the United States. They are dominated by the Taxodium spp., either the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), or pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). The name comes from the dome-like shape of treetops, formed by smaller trees growing on the edge where the water is shallow while taller trees grow at the center in deeper water. They usually appear as circular, but if the center is too deep, they form a “doughnut” shape when viewed from above. Cypress domes are characteristically small compared to other swamps, however they can occur at a range of sizes, dependent on the depth.

Cypress domes form when pond cypress grow in shallow standing water. The ground level in the center of the dome may be several inches to a few feet lower than at the edge of the dome, but tree growth is more vigorous at the center of the dome. Thus, the treetops are higher at the center than at the edge of the dome.

Nymphoides aquatica
Nymphoides aquatica is an aquatic plant in the  Menyanthaceae, native to the southeastern United States from Texas to Maryland. It is known variously as the banana plant, banana lily, banana floatingheart, and the big floatingheart. It is most commonly called the banana plant because of its banana-shaped roots. These unusual roots store nutrients.
Rybachy Peninsula
69°42′N 32°36′E﻿ / ﻿69.7°N 32.6°E﻿ / 69.7; 32.6

Rybachy Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Рыба́чий, poluostrov Rybachiy; Northern Sami: Giehkirnjárga; Norwegian: Fiskerhalvøya; Finnish: Kalastajasaarento) is the northernmost part of continental European Russia. Its name is translated as "Fisher Peninsula". It is connected with the Sredny Peninsula, "Middle Peninsula" by a thin isthmus. So the peninsula is in fact nearly completely surrounded by water. Administratively, it is included into Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast and is within several hours of ride from Murmansk.

Main occupations of the population are reindeer herding and (since 2003) petroleum drilling.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Boy Magnet
"Boy Magnet" is the second international single by Indonesian singer Agnez Mo. It was released by The Cherry Party on 13 November 2015, with five remixes of the song being available for download. The song was remixed by Hector Fonseca, John Dish, Tommy Love and Xavi Alfaro, while the original version is expected to appear on her upcoming debut international album.

RED Music
RED Music, stylized RED MUSIC, formerly RED Distribution, LLC (Relativity Entertainment Distribution) was a Sony-owned sales and marketing division that merged under The Orchard in 2017. RED previously handled releases for more than sixty independent record labels.
1998 Giro di Lombardia
The 1998 Giro di Lombardia was the 92nd edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 17 October 1998. The race started in Varese and finished in Bergamo. The race was won by Oscar Camenzind of the Mapei team.

Oscar Camenzind
Oscar Camenzind (born 12 September 1971) is a former professional road racing cyclist from Switzerland. He became national road champion in 1997. In 1998 he won the World Road Championship and the Giro di Lombardia, in 2000 the Tour de Suisse and Liège–Bastogne–Liège in 2001. His career came to an abrupt end when he retired from pro cycling after a positive doping test in July 2004 for erythropoietin, leading into the Athens Olympics. After confessing to the use, in 2005 he was sued in Swiss court in order to name his supplier, which he refused to do fearing retribution.
Thomas Witlam Atkinson
Thomas Witlam Atkinson (1799–1861) was an English architect, artist and traveller. Between 1847 and 1853 he travelled 29,000 miles (47,000 km) in Siberia, Central Asia, and present-day Kazakhstan by carriage, horseback, and boat, much of the time together with his wife Lucy and son Alatau, who was born during their travels. He painted 560 watercolors, many of them of places unknown in England at the time. He documented his travels in two books and became a prominent lecturer and a member of the Royal Geographical Society and other scholarly organizations. His art is displayed in museums.

Atkinson was a bigamist, never divorcing his first wife before marrying Lucy, his second wife. His financial troubles possibly prompted him to leave England and undertake his travels in Central Asia.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
STRIDE model
STRIDE (Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, Elevation of privilege) is a threat model for identifying computer security threats. STRIDE modelling anticipates threats to the target system and builds upon an overarching model of the system, which may include a full breakdown of processes, data stores, data flows, and trust boundaries.

Developed by Praerit Garg and Loren Kohnfelder at Microsoft, it provides a mnemonic for security threats in six categories. Each STRIDE category corresponds to a core principle of information security: Authenticity, Integrity, Non-repudiability, Confidentiality, Availability and Authorization.

Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information.
Nikolaiika
Nikolaiika (Greek: Νικολαίϊκα) is a village in the municipal unit of Diakopto, Achaea, Greece. It is located near the Gulf of Corinth coast, 1 km east of Rizomylos, 5 km west of Diakopto and 7 km southeast of Aigio.  The Greek National Road 8A (Patras - Aigio - Corinth) passes south of the village.

Greek National Road 8a
Greek National Road 8a (Greek: Εθνική Οδός 8a, abbreviated as EO8a) was a toll road in the Attica, Peloponnese and West Greece regions. It connected Athens with the cities of Corinth and Patras. It was built in the 1960s as a replacement for the old National Road 8 as the major route to the Peloponnese, and bypasses most towns. The National Road 8a has gradually been upgraded to a motorway, the A8. Since April 2017, the complete length of the A8 motorway has been operational.

The EO8a started east of Eleusis, where it branched off the old EO8 as a limited-access dual carriageway. Between Megara and Kineta the motorway passed through several tunnels. Its western end was the interchange with the A5 Ionia Odos, near Rio, northeast of Patras.

The total length of the route was 215 km. The eastern section, between Eleusis and Corinth, was part of European route E94. The western section, between Corinth and Rio, was part of European route E65.
Miletouteichos
Miletouteichos (Ancient Greek: Μιλητουτεῖχος) was a Greek town located near the coast of the Propontis in ancient Mysia. It is mentioned in the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia: in the year 395 BCE, the troops of Agesilaus II, king of Sparta, departing from Cius, attacked Miletouteichos, but they could not take it and they retired, marching next by the Rhyndacus river to Dascylium.

Scholars have debated the name. The toponym also appears in an inscription where a theorodokos is mentioned in Miletouteichos around 330 BCE. It may be that the place-name appears in an Athenian decree of the year 410/09 BCE. Some scholars have identified Miletouteichos with Miletopolis, but others contend that they are two different cities. Another possibility that has been suggested is to identify it with the city of Apollonia ad Rhyndacum. It has been suggested as possible site of Miletouteichos is northwest of Lake Apolloniatis, in the current Uluabat, in Bursa Province, Turkey.

Bursa Province
Bursa Province (Turkish: Bursa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. Its area is 10,813 km2, and its population is 3,194,720 (2022). Its traffic code is 16.

Almost all of Bursa Province (including the city of Bursa) is in the Marmara region, but the districts of Büyükorhan, Harmancık, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.

The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople. Adrianople was the capital until 1453, when Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture
The COVID-19 pandemic swept the world in the early months of 2020, causing massive economic and social disruption. In addition to the disease itself, populations have often dealt with lockdowns, shortages and pandemic fatigue, political and cultural turmoil. This made the pandemic a time of exceptional stress, driving some people to seek peaceful escapism in media and others to consume media concerning fictional pandemics (i.e., zombie apocalypses) in an effort to make sense of the event. Themes include contagion, isolation and loss of control. The pandemic also impacted people's use of social media as well as the sports industry.

Some commentators have referred to the pandemic as a "distinct cultural era".

Contagious disease
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact.

These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many types of organisms live on the human body and they can sometimes cause disease.

Some common infectious diseases are influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Human papillomavirus infection, Polio, and Zika virus.

A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.
Melba Gully State Park
The Melba Gully State Park was formed to protect a small pocket of temperate rainforest in the Otway Ranges near Apollo Bay, Victoria, Australia. The 48-hectare (120-acre) park is extremely valuable as one of the few pockets of natural old-growth Otway Ranges rainforests to survive the logging and subsequent fires, making it a crucial resource for the efforts to regenerate the original Otway Ranges rainforests. The park now forms part of the Great Otway National Park.

The gully has a dense cover of myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii), blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) and tree-ferns, with an understorey of low ferns and mosses. Glow worms (Arachnocampa otwayensis), which are the bioluminescent larvae of small flies known as fungus gnats, can be seen at night along the stream banks and walking tracks.

The park has few facilities due to its small size, but it has a picnic ground and basic picnic facilities, with the main attraction being the 35 minute Madsens Track Nature Walk.

Nothofagus cunninghamii
Nothofagus cunninghamii, commonly known as myrtle beech or Tasmanian myrtle, is the dominant species of cool temperate rainforests in Tasmania and Southern Victoria. It has low fire resistance and grows best in partial shade conditions.

It has rough bark covered in mosses and epiphytic growth. Its leaves are triangular-shaped, small, and dark green with differentiated margins. It has white unisexual flowers.
2011 Philadelphia Soul season
The 2011 Philadelphia Soul season was the 6th season for the franchise in the Arena Football League. The team was coached by Mike Hohensee and played their home games at Wells Fargo Center. This was the first season for the Soul since they won ArenaBowl XXII in 2008, after the league went on hiatus in 2009 and the franchise was not active in 2010. The Soul finished the season 6–12, and missed the playoffs.

2011 Arena Football League season
The 2011 Arena Football League season was the 24th season in the history of the league. The regular season began on March 11, 2011 and ended on July 23, 2011. The Jacksonville Sharks, in their second year of existence, defeated the Arizona Rattlers 73–70 in ArenaBowl XXIV on August 12, 2011 to conclude the playoffs.
Şıhlar, Korgun
Şıhlar is a village in the Korgun District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 83 (2021).

The name Şıhlar was first mentioned in 1896. Between 1960-2013, the village is referred to as Karatepe in the records of Turkstat. It was renamed to its current name in 2012.

Çankırı Province
Çankırı Province (Turkish: Çankırı ili) is a province of Turkey, which lies close to the capital, Ankara. The provincial capital is Çankırı. Its area is 7,542 km2, and its population is 195,766 (2022).