hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruth Sanger
Ruth Ann Sanger FRS (6 June 1918 – 4 June 2001) was an Australian immunogeneticist, haematologist and serologist.  She was known for her work on human red cell antigens and for the genetic mapping of the human X chromosome.  She was Director of the Medical Research Council Blood Group Unit, of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine from 1973 to 1983.

She worked closely with Robert Russell Race from the 1940s, and they married in 1956. They co-authored many papers after 1948, and co-wrote six editions of a leading work on blood groups, Blood Groups in Man, which helped make blood transfusions safer.  The book was known as "Race and Sanger", which were published between 1950 and 1975.

Blood type
A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system.

Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents of an individual. As of June 2025, a total of 48 human blood group systems are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The two most important blood group systems are ABO and Rh; they determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB, and O, with + or − denoting RhD status) for suitability in blood transfusion.
Nuclear Medicine Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute Nawabshah
The Nuclear Medicine Oncology & Radiotherapy Institute Nawabshah (NORIN), also referred to as the NORIN Cancer Hospital Nawabshah, is a healthcare facility in the Shaheed Benazirabad District, Sindh, Pakistan. It focuses on diagnosis, treatment, and research related to cancer, covering a population of about 3 million people across the Sindh province districts of Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Naushahro Feroze, Dadu and Matiari.

This institute was inaugurated, on 17 November 2012, by Azra Fazal Peechoho, a member of National Assembly of Pakistan and a sister of Benazir Bhutto's spouse Asif Ali Zardari.

Dadu District
Dadu District (Sindhi: ضلعو دادو, Urdu: ضلع دادو) is a district in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. With headquarters in the city of Dadu, the district was created in 1931 by merging Kotri and Mahal Kohistan (later Jamshoro) tehsils from Karachi District and Mehar, Khairpur Nathan Shah, Dadu, Johi and Sehwan tehsils from Larkana District.

In 2004, several talukas in the south were split off to create the new Jamshoro District. Its boundary touches four districts of Sindh: Jamshoro, Naushahro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad and Kamber Shahdadkot.

The main languages spoken in Dadu are Sindhi, Balochi and Urdu. Some of the popular tourist attractions in the district include the Gorakh Hill and Manchar Lake.
Tizeti
Tizeti is a fixed wireless broadband Internet service provider (ISP or WISP) operated by  Tizeti Inc,  using Wireless to provide unlimited internet to residential and small business customers in Africa.  It is also used to connect its base stations to customer buildings. Tizeti currently operates within Lagos, Ogun, Port Harcourt, Benin, Oyo, and Accra.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.
Partisan Defense Committee
The Partisan Defense Committee describes itself as "a class-struggle, non-sectarian legal and social defense organization that champions cases and causes in the interests of the whole of the working people." The PDC works in accordance with the political orientation of the Spartacist League. The committee organizes demonstrations and performs legal work in defense of "class struggle" prisoners. Its longest standing campaign has been in defense of Mumia Abu-Jamal.

It has also organized counterdemonstrations in response to rallies planned by the Ku Klux Klan and white supremacists.

International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)
The International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) abbreviated as ICL(FI), earlier known as the international Spartacist tendency (iSt), is a Trotskyist international. Its largest constituent party is the Spartacist League (US). There are smaller sections of the ICL (FI) in Mexico, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Greece and the United Kingdom.

The group originated within the Revolutionary Tendency of the Socialist Workers Party in the United States and, upon its expulsion from the SWP, it named itself Spartacist in 1964 in homage to the original Spartacist League in World War I Germany, co-led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
Vereya, Naro-Fominsky District, Moscow Oblast
Vereya (Russian: Вере́я) is a town in Naro-Fominsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Protva River 113 kilometers (70 mi) southwest of Moscow. Population: 5,368 (2010 Census); 4,957 (2002 Census); 5,606 (1989 Soviet census); 6,500 (1969).

Protva
The Protva (Russian: Протва) is a river in the Moscow and Kaluga oblasts in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Oka. It is 282 kilometres (175 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 4,620 square kilometres (1,780 sq mi). The area of its basin is 4,620 square kilometres (1,780 sq mi). The Protva freezes up in early December and stays icebound until early April. Its main tributary is the Luzha. The towns of Vereya, Borovsk, Protvino and Obninsk are located on the shores of the Protva.
Amonkar
Amonkar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guru Amonkar, Indian cricketer

Kishori Amonkar (1932–2017), Indian classical vocalist

Ravindra Amonkar (born 1950), Indian director

Sumiran Amonkar (born 1991), Indian cricketer

Suresh Amonkar (1952–2020), Indian politician

Suresh Gundu Amonkar (1935–2019), Indian educationist

Suresh Amonkar (writer)
Suresh Gundu Amonkar (22 March 1935 – 8 December 2019) was an Indian educationist, writer, and chairman of Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education. He served as the director of State Literacy Mission and Adult Education, as the Chief Commissioner of Goa State chapter of the Bharat Scouts and Guides and as the president of the Council of Boards of Secondary Education (COBSE).
Karsten Harries
Karsten Harries (born 1937) is a German philosopher and Emeritus Howard H. Newman Professor of Philosophy at Yale University, where he taught from 1965 until his retirement. Harries is known for his expertise on Heidegger, early modern philosophy, and the philosophy of art and architecture.

Early modern philosophy
Early modern philosophy (also classical modern philosophy) was a period in the history of philosophy that overlaps with the beginning of the period known as modern philosophy. It succeeded the medieval era of philosophy. Early modern philosophy is usually thought to have occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, though some philosophers and historians may put this period slightly earlier. During this time, influential philosophers included Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant, all of whom contributed to the current understanding of philosophy.
Dakine
Dakine is an American outdoor clothing company specializing in sportswear and sports equipment for adventure sports. Founded in Hawaii, the name comes from the Hawaiian Pidgin phrase "da kine" (derived from "the kind"). While based in Hood River, Oregon (products are manufactured overseas), the company also sponsors athletes from the lifestyle and sporting fields of skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, surfing, windsurfing, kiteboarding, and skateboarding. The company has since abandoned operations in Oregon and moved its headquarters to Torrance, California.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Scaevola albida
Scaevola albida, commonly known as pale fan-flower or small-fruit fan-flower, is a flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate to ascending perennial herb with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, sometimes with toothed edges, pale blue or white fan-shaped flowers and elliptic fruit.

Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates.
Littleton and Badsey railway station
Littleton and Badsey railway station was a station on the Great Western Railway's Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton line, near the town of Evesham, Worcestershire in England. It was located in Blackminster, and served the villages of Badsey and the Littletons (North and Middle Littleton and South Littleton).

The station was opened by the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway on 21 April 1884 The 1963 report The Reshaping of British Railways listed the station for closure, and British Railways closed the station on 3 January 1966.

Littleton and Badsey was one of the stations Flanders and Swann mentioned in song Slow Train, which was written in response to The Reshaping of British Railways and released in 1963.

South Littleton
South Littleton is a village and civil parish located in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England.

South Littleton is located midway between Evesham and Bidford on Avon. South Littleton is the largest of The Littletons, with North and Middle Littleton being smaller. At the 2001 census it had 1,775 inhabitants, while North and Middle Littleton had a population of 906.
Jesús Gómez (runner)
Jesús Gómez Santiago (born 24 April 1991) is a Spanish middle-distance runner. He won bronze medals in the 1500 metres at the 2019 and 2021 European Indoor Championships.

Gómez is a four-time Spanish national champion.

2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held from 4 to 7 March 2021 at the Arena Toruń in Toruń, Poland. This was the second time this event was held in Poland after the 1975 edition in Katowice. The four-day competition featured 13 men's and 13 women's athletics events. Altogether 659 athletes from 46 countries participated in the event which is a record in the competition's history. The Netherlands topped the medal table for the first time with four gold, one silver and two bronze medals.  Katarzynka, a gingerbread, was the mascot.
Yoo-gun
Yoo-gun is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Jo Jeong-ik (born 1983), stage name Yoo Gun, American-born South Korean actor

Fictional characters with this name include:

Jung Yoo-gun, in 2013 South Korean television series Iris II

Iris II: New Generation
Iris II: New Generation (Korean: 아이리스2; lit. Iris II) is a 2013 South Korean espionage television series. Starring Jang Hyuk, Lee Da-hae, Lee Beom-soo, Oh Yeon-soo, Yoon Doo-joon, Im Soo-hyang, Lee Joon, and Kim Yeong-cheol, the sequel to 2009's Iris continues the story of National Security Service agents going up against the mysterious organization known as IRIS. It aired on KBS2 from February 13 to April 18, 2013, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 for 20 episodes.
Ross Minter
Ross Minter (born 10 November 1978) is a former professional boxer. He is the son of Alan Minter, the former undisputed World Middleweight Champion.

Ross "The Boss" won 125 amateur boxing matches before turning professional in 2001 at the age of 21. After a debut win against Brian Coleman in 2001, Minter went on to record 17 wins, 1 draw, 1 defeat by the end of 2005, winning the British Boxing Board of Control English Welterweight boxing title on 12 December 2005. In 2007 Minter starred in the television Contender Challenge: United Kingdom vs. United States on ITV4, also on ESPN.

Minter retired as a fighter in 2008 and later became boxing promoter.

In the past, Minter has supported the Advance Centre for The Scotson Technique (TST) charity from East Grinstead.

ITV4
ITV4 is a British free-to-air television channel which first aired on 1 November 2005. It is owned by ITV plc.

The channel focuses primarily on general entertainment programming targeting a male audience, including action series and films, gameshows, reality television, and sports. It is the main linear television outlet for ITV Sport, carrying much of its football, cycling, darts, motorsport, horse racing, rugby, and snooker coverage (with ITV1 used primarily for marquee events).
Monsaraz
Monsaraz is a civil parish (freguesia) of the municipality of Reguengos de Monsaraz, on the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Portuguese Alentejo region, near its border with Spain. The population in 2011 was 782, in an area of 88.29 km2.

Alentejo
Alentejo (/ˌælənˈteɪʒoʊ/ AL-ən-TAY-zhoh, UK also /-ʒuː/ -⁠zhoo, Portuguese: [ɐlẽˈtɛʒu] ⓘ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond the Tagus" (além do Tejo).

Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alentejo. It corresponds to the districts of Beja, Évora, Portalegre, and Alentejo Litoral. Its main cities are Évora, Beja, Sines, Serpa, Estremoz, Elvas, and Portalegre.

It has borders with Beira Baixa in the north, with Spain (Andalucia and Extremadura) in the east, Algarve in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean, Ribatejo, and Estremadura in the west.

Alentejo is a region known for its traditional polyphonic singing groups, similar to those found in Tuscany, Corsica, and elsewhere.
Eristalis rupium
Eristalis rupium, commonly known as the spot-winged drone fly, is a species of syrphid fly that was first described by Fabricius in 1805. It is a common European species, and uncommon in North America. Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies as they are commonly found around and on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae are aquatic filter-feeders of the rat-tailed type, found in streams with clear water.

Rat-tailed maggot
Rat-tailed maggots are the larvae of certain species of hoverflies belonging to the tribes Eristalini and Sericomyiini. A characteristic feature of rat-tailed maggots is a tube-like, telescoping breathing siphon located at their posterior end. This acts like a snorkel, allowing the larva to breathe air while submerged. The siphon is usually about as long as the maggot's body (20 mm (1 in) when mature), but can be extended up to about 150 mm (6 in). This organ gives the larva its common name.

The most commonly encountered rat-tailed maggot is the larva of the drone fly, Eristalis tenax. It lives in stagnant, oxygen-deprived water, with a high organic content. It is fairly tolerant of pollution and can live in sewage lagoons and cesspools.
Lynn Stalmaster
Lynn Arlen Stalmaster (November 17, 1927 – February 12, 2021) was an American casting director.  He was noted as the first casting director to be conferred an Academy Award, having received an Honorary Oscar in 2016.

The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)
The Thomas Crown Affair is a 1968 American heist film directed by Norman Jewison and written by Alan R. Trustman. Starring Steve McQueen, Faye Dunaway, Paul Burke, and Jack Weston, the film follows Vicki Anderson (Dunaway) who is hired to investigate the culprits of a multi-million dollar bank heist, orchestrated by Thomas Crown (McQueen).

The film was nominated for two Academy Awards, winning Best Original Song for Michel Legrand's "The Windmills of Your Mind". A remake was released in 1999, and a second remake is set to be released in 2027.
Immokalee High School
Immokalee High School is a secondary education school located near Naples, in an unincorporated census-designated place in Collier County, Florida, United States. Immokalee is one of eight public high schools located in Collier County. Immokalee High School is part of the District School Board of Collier County.

Collier County, Florida
Collier County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, its population was 375,752; an increase of 16.9% since the 2010 United States Census. Its county seat is East Naples, where the county offices were moved from Everglades City in 1962. Collier County comprises the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which, along with the Cape Coral-Fort Myers (Lee County) MSA and the Clewiston (Hendry County, Glades County) Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), is included in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples Combined Statistical Area (CSA).
Martin Sandberger
Martin Sandberger (17 August 1911 – 30 March 2010) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era and a convicted Holocaust perpetrator. He was the commander of Sonderkommando 1a of Einsatzgruppe A, as well as of the Sicherheitspolizei and SD at the time of Nazi German occupation of Estonia during World War II. Sandberger perpetrated mass murder of the Jews in German-occupied Latvia and Estonia.  As the Gestapo chief in Verona, he was also responsible for the arrest of Jews in Italy, and their deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp. Sandberger was the second-highest official of the Einsatzgruppe A to be tried and convicted. He was also the last-surviving defendant from the Nuremberg Military Tribunals.

Subsequent Nuremberg trials
The subsequent Nuremberg trials (also Nuremberg Military Tribunals; 1946–1949) were twelve military tribunals for war crimes committed by the leaders of Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The Nuremberg Military Tribunals occurred after the Nuremberg trials, held by the International Military Tribunal, which concluded in October 1946. The subsequent Nuremberg trials were held by U.S. military courts and dealt with the cases of crimes against humanity committed by the business community of Nazi Germany, specifically the crimes of using slave labor and plundering occupied countries, and the war-crime cases of Wehrmacht officers who committed atrocities against Allied prisoners of war, partisans, and guerrillas.
Beau Rivage
Beau Rivage means "Beautiful shore" in French. It is the name of several hotels and resorts, including:

Beau Rivage (Beirut)

Beau Rivage (Geneva)

Beau Rivage (Mississippi)

Beau-Rivage Palace in Lausanne

Beau Rivage Island (Parks Canada) in Thousand Islands, Ontario, Canada

Beau Rivage, the name of the second turn at the Circuit de Monaco, home of the Monaco Grand Prix

Beau-Rivage Palace
The Beau-Rivage Palace is a historical luxury five-star hotel in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is located in Ouchy, on the shores of Lake Léman.

The hotel opened in 1861 and the current main building was constructed in Art Nouveau and neo-baroque style in 1908. It is registered in the Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance.

The Beau-Rivage Palace is owned by Sandoz Family Foundation founders of Sandoz AG, now Novartis.
Rudolf Grauer
Rudolf Grauer (20 August 1870, Hellbrunn, Salzburg – 17 December 1927, Vienna) was an Austrian explorer and zoologist.

He conducted zoological investigations in British East Africa (present-day Uganda) in 1905, German East Africa in 1907, and in the Belgian Congo (1910–11). In 1910 he was among the first Europeans to come in contact with the Mambuti. He died from actinomycosis, which he had contracted in Africa. His African collections are housed at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna.

East Africa Protectorate
East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was a British protectorate in the African Great Lakes, occupying roughly the same area as present-day Kenya, from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west part. Controlled by the United Kingdom in the late 19th century, it grew out of British commercial interests in the area in the 1880s and remained a protectorate until 1920 when it became the Colony of Kenya, save for an independent 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) coastal strip that became the Kenya Protectorate.
Wood branding
Branding is an easy and economical way to permanently mark anything that burns (wood, leather, plastic, rubber, cork, food, soap, wax, etc). This is done by either a fire-heated tool or an electrically-heated tool, which is pressed onto the object, leaving behind a mark with the shape of the impressed tool.

The act or art of marking/engraving wood by branding with a heated tool is associated with pyrogravure.

The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns that, “Breathing these particles may cause allergic respiratory symptoms, mucosal and non-allergic respiratory symptoms, and cancer.”

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
How My Heart Sings!
How My Heart Sings! is an album recorded by jazz pianist Bill Evans with bassist Chuck Israels and drummer Paul Motian in 1962 during the same sessions as the previously released album Moon Beams. As Evans explains in the album's liner notes, the first release "was comprised of material selected for its mood quality and which was entirely of a ballad nature .... Conversely, the selections represented here are primarily of a more 'moving' kind, though there is in the trio's approach to all material a desire to present a singing sound."

Summertime (George Gershwin song)
"Summertime" is an aria composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess. The lyrics, in two stanzas, are by DuBose Heyward, the author of the novel Porgy on which the opera was based.

The song soon became a popular and much-recorded jazz standard, described as "without doubt ... one of the finest songs the composer ever wrote ... Gershwin's highly evocative writing brilliantly mixes elements of jazz and the song styles of Black people in the southeast United States from the early twentieth century". Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim characterized Heyward's lyrics for "Summertime" and "My Man's Gone Now" as "the best lyrics in the musical theater".