hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hafnium–tungsten dating
Hafnium–tungsten dating is a geochronological radiometric dating method utilizing the radioactive decay system of hafnium-182 to tungsten-182. The half-life of the system is 8.9±0.1 million years. Today hafnium-182 is an extinct radionuclide, but the hafnium–tungsten radioactive system is useful in studies of the early Solar System since hafnium is lithophilic while tungsten is moderately siderophilic, which allows the system to be used to date the differentiation of a planet's core.  It is also useful in determining the formation times of the parent bodies of iron meteorites.

The use of the hafnium-tungsten system as a chronometer for the early Solar System was suggested in the 1980s, but did not come into widespread use until the mid-1990s when the development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry enabled the use of samples with low concentrations of tungsten.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample. It atomizes the sample and creates atomic and small polyatomic ions, which are then detected. It is known and used for its ability to detect metals and several non-metals in liquid samples at very low concentrations. It can detect different isotopes of the same element, which makes it a versatile tool in isotopic labeling.

Compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy, ICP-MS has greater speed, precision, and sensitivity.  However, compared with other types of mass spectrometry, such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS), ICP-MS introduces many interfering species: argon from the plasma, component gases of air that leak through the cone orifices, and contamination from glassware and the cones.
A. Shane Massey
Anthony Shane Massey (born June 28, 1975) is an American politician. Since 2007, he has represented the 25th District (Aiken, Edgefield, Lexington, McCormick, and Saluda Counties) in the South Carolina Senate. He is a member of the Republican party.

Since 2016, Massey has been the Majority Leader of the South Carolina Senate.

Lexington County, South Carolina
Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 293,991. Its county seat and largest community is Lexington. The county was chartered in 1785 and was named in commemoration of Lexington, Massachusetts, the site of the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lexington County is the sixth-most populous county in South Carolina by population and is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Sunday Adelaja
Sunday Adelajalistenⓘ (Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian: Сандей Аделаджа) is the founder and senior pastor of the Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations, an evangelical-charismatic megachurch and a Christian denomination in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Megachurch
A megachurch is a church with a very large membership. Most megachurches offer a variety of educational and social activities and are evangelical, although the term "evangelical" usually denotes a type of organization, not a denomination. Megachurches are generally defined as any (typically Protestant) Christian church that on average draws 2,000 or more people per week.

The first megachurch was established in London in 1861. More emerged in the 20th century, especially in the United States, and expanded rapidly through the 1980s and 1990s. In the 21st century, megachurches became widespread in the United States and a growing phenomenon in several African countries and Australia. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, they shifted away from traditional architecture, with many newer ones having stadium-type seating; some, such as Lakewood Church, are even based in former or active arenas.
Quebec Route 352
Route 352 is a 55 km east–west provincial road in the Mauricie region in Quebec, Canada. It goes north from Saint-Maurice (exit 210 of autoroute 40) to Sainte-Thècle.

It goes through the villages of St-Maurice, Saint-Narcisse, Saint-Stanislas, Saint-Adelphe, and then Sainte-Thècle.

From the Saint-Narcisse-Saint-Stanislas border, it follows the Batiscan River to past Saint-Adelphe.

Batiscan River
Batiscan River (French pronunciation: [batiskɑ̃]) has its source in the region of Lac Édouard, in the Laurentians Mountains, the Batiscan River flows over a length of 177 km. It receives water from numerous tributaries, including, in its upper reach, the Rivière aux Éclairs and the Jeannotte River. In its downstream part, it waters Saint-Narcisse and Sainte-Geneviève-de-Batiscan before flowing into the St. Lawrence River at Batiscan.
Donald Hopson
Sir Donald Charles Hopson, KCMG, DSO, MC, TD (31 August 1915 – Buenos Aires, 26 August 1974) was a British diplomat.

Hopson was educated at Christ's Hospital and University College, Oxford. He was commissioned into the Lancashire Fusiliers in 1939. During World War II, he served across Europe, with No.3 Commando between 1943 and 1944, and as Brigade Major of 1st Special Service Brigade from 1944 until the war's end. He was mentioned in despatches and received the Military Cross and the Distinguished Service Order. He joined the Foreign Service in 1945.

He was Consul at Saigon from 1948, Ambassador to Laos from 1962 to 1965, Ambassador to Mongolia from 1965 to 1966, Chargé d'affaires to China from 1965 to 1968 (during which he was caught up in the arson attacks on the Chargé d'affaires Office in Peking, now Beijing, on 22 August 1967), Ambassador to Venezuela from 1969 to 1972, and Ambassador to Argentina from 1973 to 1974.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Dick Scott (left-handed pitcher)
Richard Lewis Scott (March 15, 1933 – February 10, 2020) was an American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 12 games, all in relief, in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago Cubs in 1963–1964. Scott threw left-handed, batted right-handed, and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 185 pounds (84 kg). Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, he attended Robert William Traip Academy in nearby Kittery, Maine.

Robert William Traip Academy
Robert William Traip Academy (often abbreviated as R. W. Traip Academy or simply Traip Academy) is a public high school located in Kittery, Maine.  It serves the towns of Kittery and Kittery Point, Maine. It is adjacent to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. The principal is Jane Durgin, as of July 1, 2023.
Aranayaka Electoral District
Aranayaka electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Aranayaka in Kegalle District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Aranayaka electoral district was replaced by the Kegalle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Elections in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. Sri Lanka has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. All elections are administered by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka.
Faunsdale, Alabama
Faunsdale is a town in Marengo County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 90, down from 98 in 2010. Faunsdale is home to a community of Holdeman Mennonites, the only such community outside of Greensboro, Alabama. The town has the only Holdeman Mennonite Church in the area, Cedarcrest Mennonite Church.

Church of God in Christ, Mennonite
The Church of God in Christ, Mennonite, also called Holdeman Mennonite, is a Christian Church of Anabaptist heritage. A man named John Holdeman (1832–1900), who was a baptized Mennonite, was instrumental in establishing the church in 1859. The Church of God in Christ, Mennonite is Conservative Mennonite and is different from other Conservative Mennonites because of its one true church doctrine. In 2021, the church had approximately 27,118 baptized members.
Giovanni Giudici (bishop)
Giovanni Giudici (6 March 1940 – 18 January 2024) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia from 2015 onwards. Giudici served as the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan from 1990 to 2003. on On 1 December 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed Giudici as Bishop of Pavia, a position he held until his retirement in 2015.

Giudici was born in Varese on 6 March 1940. He studied at the Milan archdiocese's seminary and was ordained a Catholic priest by Archbishop Giovanni Colombo on 27 June 1964, in the Milan Cathedral. In 2013, Bishop Giudici officially recognized the 1989 healing of Danila Castelli, who suffered from an incurable tumor, as a miracle associated with Our Lady of Lourdes.

Giudici died at the Circolo Hospital in Varese, on 18 January 2024, at the age of 83.

Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Milano [ˈdwɔːmo di miˈlaːno]; Milanese: Domm de Milan [ˈdɔm de miˈlãː]), or Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana della Natività della Beata Vergine Maria), is the cathedral church of Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Dedicated to the Nativity of St. Mary (Santa Maria Nascente), it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan, currently Archbishop Mario Delpini.

The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete: construction began in 1386, and the final details were completed in 1965. It is the largest church in the Italian Republic—the larger St. Peter's Basilica is in the State of Vatican City, a sovereign state—and one of the largest in the world.
Albert Rocas
Albert Rocas Comas (born 16 June 1982) is a Spanish handball player. He is currently retired and is working in a Spanish school.

He participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as a member of the Spain men's national handball team. The team won a bronze medal, defeating Croatia. He was included as "Best right wing" in that tournament's All Star Team. At the 2013 World Men's Handball Championship, the national team became world champion for the second time.

Croatia men's national handball team
The Croatia national handball team (Croatian: Hrvatska rukometna reprezentacija) represents Croatia at international handball competitions and is governed by the Croatian Handball Federation (HRS). Since their Independence in 1991 Croatia has won 16 medals at main international competitions, the biggest being winning the gold medal at the Olympic Games twice and one World Championship title, and played in the final of the European Championship three times. The Croatian national team's victory at the 1996 Olympics is often credited as one of the biggest upsets in the history of handball. The Croatian national team have also won a so-called "international double", winning the gold medal at the World Championship (2003) and the Olympics (2004).
Luke Beauchamp
Luke Beauchamp (born 8 October 1992) is an Australian professional rugby union player. He currently plays for the Austin Gilgronis. He played as a flanker for the Chicago Hounds in Major League Rugby (MLR) previously playing for the Houston SaberCats. He also played for Brisbane City in the National Rugby Championship.

Chicago Hounds (rugby union)
The Chicago Hounds are an American professional rugby union team based in the Chicago metropolitan area that competes in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2022 and is co-owned by a small group of investors including majority owner Peter Bernick and part-owners (and longtime Chicago rugby players) Matt Satchwell and Phil Groves. Their home stadium is SeatGeek Stadium. Games are broadcast on Fox Chicago Plus.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 89
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 89 (P. Oxy. 89) is a receipt for the payment of wheat, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 29 July 140. Currently it is housed in the Egyptian Museum (Cat. Gen. 10008) in Cairo.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Elbert Gill
Elbert T. Gill, Jr. (August 23, 1931 – March 29, 2014) was an American chiropractor and politician.

From Memphis, Tennessee, Gill went to the William R. Moore School of Technology and the Palmer College of Chiropractic. He was a chiropractor. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1966 to 1986 as a Democrat. In 1987, Gill was appointed Tennessee Commissioner of Conservation and served until 1991.

Palmer College of Chiropractic
Palmer College of Chiropractic is a private chiropractic college with its main campus in Davenport, Iowa.  It was established in 1897 by Daniel David Palmer and was the first school of chiropractic in the world. The college's name was originally the Palmer School and Cure and later became the Palmer School of Chiropractic. Most early chiropractic schools were founded by Palmer alumni.
Madawaska Maliseet First Nation
Madawaska Maliseet First Nation (Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Wəlastəkwewiyik Matowesekok) or St. Basile 10 band is one of six Wolastoqiyik or Maliseet Nations on the Saint John River in Canada. The Madawaska Maliseet First Nation (MMFN) territory is in Northern New Brunswick. The MMFN reserve is located 1.6 km east of Edmundston in the north-western region of New Brunswick. The band membership has 350 people. About 114 members of the MMFN live on the St. Basile no. 10 reserve.  They are part of the Saint John River Valley Tribal Council. Family names include Bernard, Cimon, Francis, and Wallace.

Edmundston
Edmundston (/ˈɛdməndstən/) is a city in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada. Established in 1850, it had a population of 16,437 as of 2021.

On January 1, 2023, Edmundston amalgamated with the village of Rivière-Verte and parts of two local service districts; revised census figures have not been released.
Vũng Tàu shipwreck
The Vũng Tàu shipwreck is a shipwreck that was found in the South China Sea off the islands of Côn Đảo about 100 nautical miles (185 km; 115 mi) from Vũng Tàu, Vietnam. The wreck was of a lorcha boat—a vessel with Cantonese/Chinese and Portuguese/European influences that has been dated to about 1690. It was found by a fisherman who had picked up numerous pieces of porcelain from the wreck while fishing. Sverker Hallstrom identified the wreck and its cargo in 1990. Australian diver Michael Flecker took charge of the archaeological aspect of the excavation. An analysis of its cargo deduced that the ship was bound from China to Jakarta, Indonesia, where the porcelain would have been purchased by the Dutch East India Company for trans-shipment to Holland.

Vũng Tàu
Vũng Tàu (Hanoi accent: [vuŋm˧ˀ˥ taːw˨˩] ⓘ, Saigon accent: [vuŋm˧˩˧ taːw˨˩] ⓘ) is a former coastal city in southeast Vietnam. The city covered 141.1 km2 (54.5 sq mi) of area and consisted of 16 urban wards on Vũng Tàu island with one other islandic commune of Long Sơn including the same name island and Gò Găng Island. The city is also the crude oil extraction center of Vietnam.

Since 2025, Vũng Tàu City was legally abolished and became a part of Ho Chi Minh City just like its parent province Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu. The name Vũng Tàu was then re-adopted by a ward-level subdivision covering the southern cape of the peninsula, the heart of the former city; however, the whole area of the former city is still colloquially called as 'Vũng Tàu' as is the case where many other major provincial cities in the nation that were dissolved.
Harvey, Albert County, New Brunswick
Harvey is a Canadian rural community in Albert County, New Brunswick. Harvey has a wharf, and is situated on Shepody Bay, an arm of the Bay of Fundy. It has a population of about 150, and is about 50 minutes from Moncton. The village of Riverside-Albert is nearby.

Albert County, New Brunswick
Albert County (2021 population 30,749) is New Brunswick's third-youngest county, located on the Western side of the Petitcodiac River on the Chignecto Bay in the Bay of Fundy;  the shire town is Hopewell Cape. The county was established in 1845 from parts of Westmorland County and Saint John County, and named after Prince Albert. Since the abolition of county municipal governments in 1967, its best-known use is as a census division.

The mineral albertite was discovered a few miles away in 1849, giving rise to Albert Mines.
Bahía culture
The Bahía culture (500 BCE–500 CE) was a pre-Columbian culture in Ecuador.

Bahía culture originated in what is now the Manabí Province on the Pacific Coast, and spread to Bahía de Caráquez and to the Andean foothills. Their ceramic tradition is one of the first found north of the Andes.

Chirije, a seaport, was a major Bahía archaeological site discovered by Emilio Estrada in the 1950s. Merchants traded finished goods and Spondylus princeps or red spiny oyster shells south to Chile and north as far as Mexico in exchange for precious materials such as copper and gold.

Big-nose figurines

Neck rest

Ear plug

Sorcerer's cauldron

Witch or shaman sculpture

Spondylus
Spondylus is a genus of bivalve molluscs, the only genus in the family Spondylidae and subfamily Spondylinae. They are known in English as spiny oysters or thorny oysters (although they are not, in fact, true oysters, but are related to scallops).
Mauno Hartman
Mauno Runar Hartman (5 July 1930 – 18 July 2017) was a Finnish sculptor. He is best known for his large works made of logs. The largest of them is 18.5-metre (61 ft) high Stockhimmel.

Hartman studied in Academy of Fine Arts in Helsinki from 1950 to 1954. After that he traveled abroad for three years and searched for his own expression. In 1960 he saw a house being dismantled, and the abstract shape gave him a vision of what he wanted to do. After that he used old logs as material for his sculptures.

One of the highlights of Hartman's career was the use of his work as the stage set of the opera Viimeiset kiusaukset by Joonas Kokkonen. The opera is about Paavo Ruotsalainen.

Hartman donated a collection of his works to the city of Lahti in 1993. He had offered the collection to the city of Turku, but Turku could not commit to exhibit the large works in public.

Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki
The Academy of Fine Arts (Finnish: Kuvataideakatemia; Swedish: Bildkonstakademin) in Helsinki, Finland is part of the University of the Arts Helsinki and provides the highest university-level theoretical and practical training in the country in fine arts.
Léo Laporte-Blairsy
Léo Laporte-Blairsy (1865-1923) was a French sculptor.

Œuvres de Léo Laporte-Blairsy

L'Épave (1907), musée des beaux-arts de Nantes.

Le Réveil de Morphée (1894), Toulouse, musée des Augustins.

Le Faubourg Matabiau (1900), Toulouse, parc Michelet.

Allégorie de la sculpture 1896Toulouse School of Fine Arts

Aux jeux floraux ou La Poésie romane (1910), Toulouse

Musée des Augustins
The Musée des Augustins de Toulouse (French pronunciation: [myze dez‿oɡystɛ̃ də tuluz]; Occitan: Musèu dels Augustins de Tolosa) is a fine arts museum in Toulouse, France which conserves a collection of sculpture and paintings from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century. The paintings are from throughout France, the sculptures representing Occitan culture of the region with a particularly rich assemblage of Romanesque sculpture.
ASC (dinghy)
The ASC or Admiralty Sailing Craft (sometimes incorrectly called Admiralty Sea Cadet) is a purpose-built, rugged GRP or wood sailing dinghy, historically with gunter rig, with a Bermuda rig optional, designed for use by UK naval and sea cadet establishments as a pulling or sailing dinghy.

It is a substantial craft, usually left on a mooring in quiet waters rather than being slipway launched.  It is intended for a total crew of up to 8 although it can be sculled single-handed.

It has a heavy metal centreplate, and is equipped for pulling in addition to sailing.  There is also a sculling notch on the transom.

This type of boat is gradually being phased out of the Sea Cadets due to the production of the new Trinity 500 rowing boats.
As of 2012, ASCs are no longer in use on cadet courses, and have been completely replaced by trinity 500s

Mooring
A mooring is any permanent structure to which a seaborne vessel (such as a boat, ship, or amphibious aircraft) may be secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, anchor buoys, and mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a mooring to forestall free movement of the ship on the water. An anchor mooring fixes a vessel's position relative to a point on the bottom of a waterway without connecting the vessel to shore. As a verb, mooring refers to the act of attaching a vessel to a mooring.

The term likely stems from the Dutch verb meren (to moor), used in English since the end of the 15th century.
Primitive ideal
In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a left primitive ideal is the annihilator of a (nonzero) simple left module. A right primitive ideal is defined similarly. Left and right primitive ideals are always two-sided ideals.

Primitive ideals are prime. The quotient of a ring by a left primitive ideal is a left primitive ring. For commutative rings the primitive ideals are maximal, and so commutative primitive rings are all fields.

Quotient ring
In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a quotient ring, also known as factor ring, difference ring or residue class ring, is a construction quite similar to the quotient group in group theory and to the quotient space in linear algebra. It is a specific example of a quotient, as viewed from the general setting of universal algebra. Starting with a ring  and a two-sided ideal  in ⁠⁠, a new ring, the quotient ring ⁠⁠, is constructed, whose elements are the cosets of  in  subject to special  and  operations. Quotient ring notation almost always uses a fraction slash "⁠⁠"; stacking the ring over the ideal using a horizontal line as a separator is uncommon and generally avoided.

Quotient rings are distinct from the "quotient field", or field of fractions, of an integral domain as well as from the more general "rings of quotients" obtained by localization.