hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directional statistics
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, Rn), axes (lines through the origin in Rn) or rotations in Rn. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the Stiefel manifold.

The fact that 0 degrees and 360 degrees are identical angles, so that for example 180 degrees is not a sensible mean of 2 degrees and 358 degrees, provides one illustration that special statistical methods are required for the analysis of some types of data (in this case, angular data). Other examples of data that may be regarded as directional include statistics involving temporal periods (e.g. time of day, week, month, year, etc.), compass directions, dihedral angles in molecules, orientations, rotations and so on.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
My Reflection
My Reflection, also known as Christina Aguilera: My Reflection or My Reflection: Live, is a television special starring American singer Christina Aguilera, that premiered on Sunday, December 3, 2000, on ABC. It was directed by Lawrence Jordan and executive produced by Aguilera herself, alongside Ken Ehrlich. The special is a televised concert of Aguilera's performance at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. The special features guest appearances by Lil Bow Wow and Dr. John. It features songs from Aguilera's three studio albums, Christina Aguilera (1999), Mi Reflejo (2000), and My Kind of Christmas (2000), as well as covers. The show attracted 10.5 million viewers.

Shrine Auditorium and Expo Hall
The Shrine Auditorium is a landmark large-event venue in Los Angeles, California. It is also the headquarters of the Al Malaikah Temple, a division of the Shriners. It was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (No. 139) in 1975, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Tomislav Karamarko
Tomislav Karamarko (pronounced [tǒmislaʋ karamǎːrko]; born 25 May 1959) is a Croatian politician who served as First Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from January to June 2016. He served in the Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor as Minister of the Interior from 2008 to 2011.

Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor
The Eleventh Government of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Jedanaesta Vlada Republike Hrvatske) was the Croatian Government cabinet led by Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor. It was announced on 6 July 2009 and its term ended on 23 December 2011. The cabinet came into existence after Prime Minister Ivo Sanader abruptly resigned on 1 July 2009, designating Kosor as his successor and making her the first woman to serve as prime minister since Croatia gained independence in 1991.  It was succeeded by the Cabinet of Zoran Milanović following the centre-left Kukuriku coalition's success in the 2011 parliamentary elections.

The cabinet represented parties from the ruling coalition formed following the 2007 parliamentary elections:

Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ)

Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS)

Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS)

Croatian Peasant Party (HSS)
Hérita Ilunga
Nkongolo Hérita Ilunga (born 25 February 1982) is a Congolese former footballer who played as a left-back. At club level, he represented Espanyol B, Saint-Étienne, Toulouse, West Ham United, Doncaster Rovers, Rennes, Carquefou, and US Creteil. He has also played international football for DR Congo.

DR Congo national football team
The DR Congo national football team (French: Équipe nationale de football de la République démocratique du Congo), recognised by FIFA as Congo DR and by CAF as DR Congo, represents the Democratic Republic of the Congo in men's international football and it is controlled by the Congolese Association Football Federation. They are nicknamed Les Léopards, meaning The Leopards. The team is a member of FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

DR Congo have been ranked as high as 28th in the FIFA Rankings; as Zaire, they were the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup, and twice won the Africa Cup of Nations. They are also one of the most successful teams in the African Nations Championship with two titles, second only to Morocco with three. They are currently ranked 56th in the FIFA Rankings.

DR Congo have previously competed variously as Belgian Congo, Congo-Kinshasa and Zaïre.  Their appearance at the 1974 FIFA World Cup was as Zaïre.
The Earth is Dancing
"The Earth is Dancing" (in Slovene: "Zemlja pleše") is a 1962 pop song, music of which was written by Mojmir Sepe based on a lyrics by Slovene poet Gregor Strniša that was awarded at the first edition of the Slovenian song festival where it was sung by a notable singer Marjana Deržaj. The song became an evergreen, a popular and enduring example of Slovenian popular music. It has been since then released in a number of re-mixes. It also inspired one of the first musical videospots made in 1980s in Slovenia, at the time part of Yugoslavia, where both the videospot and the song were also popular.

Slovenian song festival
Slovenian song festival (In Slovene: Slovenska popevka) was a Slovenian music festival dedicated to a music genre known as Slovenian song (Slovene: popevka) that was most popular during the 1960s and 1970s and had a similarly high standing in Slovene culture as did the Sanremo Music Festival in Italian culture. It began in 1962 and ended in 1983, with an attempt at its revival in 1998.
Tatacoa Desert
The Tatacoa Desert is the second largest arid zone in Colombia after the Guajira Peninsula. It occupies more than 330 square kilometers. This region is located north of Huila Department, 38 km from the city of Neiva and 15 km (9 mi) from Natagaima in Tolima. It is renowned as a rich deposit of fossils and a tourist destination. The Tatacoa Desert has two distinctive colors: ochre in the area of Cuzco and gray in the Los Hoyos area.

The Tatacoa, or the Valley of Sorrows, as it was called in 1538 by the conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, is not a barren desert but rather a tropical dry forest. The name "Tatacoa", also given by the Spanish, refers to its rattlesnakes. During the Tertiary Period, it was wetter, with thousands of flowers and trees, but has been gradually drying up to become an arid zone.

Guajira Peninsula
The Guajira Peninsula [ɡwaˈxiɾa] (Spanish: Península de La Guajira, also spelled Goajira, mainly in colonial period texts, Wayuu: Woumainpa’a) is a peninsula in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in the Caribbean.  It is the northernmost peninsula in South America and has an area of 25,000 km2 (9,700 sq mi) extending from the Manaure Bay (Colombia) to the Calabozo Ensenada in the Gulf of Venezuela (Venezuela), and from the Caribbean to the Serranía del Perijá mountains range.

It was the subject of a historic dispute between Venezuela and Colombia in 1891, and on arbitration was awarded to the latter and joined to its Magdalena Department. Nowadays, most of the territory is part of Colombia, making it part of La Guajira Department. The remaining strip is part of the Venezuelan Zulia State.  The northernmost part of the peninsula is called Punta Gallinas (12° 28´ N) and is also considered the northernmost part of mainland South America.
2024 Queen's Club Championships – Doubles
Neal Skupski and Michael Venus defeated Taylor Fritz and Karen Khachanov in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Queen's Club Championships.

Ivan Dodig and Austin Krajicek were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Skupski and Venus.

Matthew Ebden retained the doubles no. 1 ranking by winning his opening round match. Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos would otherwise have regained the top ranking, despite not competing this week.

Austin Krajicek
Austin Krajicek (/ˈkraɪtʃɛk/ KRYE-chek; born June 16, 1990) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has been ranked as high as world No. 1 in doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in June 2023. He also reached a best singles ranking of No. 94 in October 2015.

Krajicek has won 15 doubles titles on the ATP Tour. Since partnering with Ivan Dodig in 2021, Krajicek has won one ATP 1000 title at 2023 Monte Carlo Masters, and his first major title at the 2023 French Open, a victory that crowned him the ATP world No. 1 in June 2023.

A former player for Texas A&M University, Krajicek won the national doubles title at the 2011 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships, the first in the program's history. He turned professional in 2012 and made his top 100 singles debut in 2015, a year in which he made the quarterfinals of the ATP 500 in Tokyo and broke through on the major level by reaching the second round of the US Open.
2014 U.S. Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2014 U.S. Open Grand Prix Gold was the eighth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Suffolk County Community College, New York, United States July 8 until July 13, 2014 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Sattawat Pongnairat
Sattawat Pongnairat (Thai: ศตวรรษ พงษ์นัยรัตน์; RTGS: Sattawat Phongnairat; born May 8, 1990) is an American badminton player who competed at 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He trained at the Orange County Badminton club, and in 2015, he won a gold medal in men's doubles  with teammate Phillip Chew at the Pan American Games.
Brinkhall Manor
Brinkhall Manor (Finnish: Brinkhallin kartano or Swedish: Brinkhalls gård) is a historic manor house on Kakskerta island in the municipality of Turku, Finland.

The mansion can trace its history back to the 16th century, when it was owned by Hans Erikson, the commander of Turku Castle, who also owned Brinkkala Mansion on the great square in Turku. He built a small castle, which was replaced by the existing manor in 1793. The house was designed by Gabriel von Bonndorff, an architect who was also the owner. It is the first neoclassical manor house in Finland. The interiors are from the 1920s. The last private owners sold the estate to the city of Turku in 1967, who turned it over to the Finnish Cultural Heritage Foundation in 2001.

Around the house there is an English landscape garden, one of the first in Finland, created at the start of the 19th century.
The grounds were used as filming location for the historical TV drama Hovimäki.

Kakskerta
Kakskerta is an island in the Archipelago Sea, south of the city of Turku, Finland. It is a former municipality and a current district of Turku. Like other islands in the Archipelago Sea, it has many summer residences. Lake Kakskerta is located in the middle of the island.

The current (as of 2005) population of Kakskerta is 633, and it is increasing at an annual rate of 4.11%. 19.43% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 11.85% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 94.94% Finnish, 4.27% Swedish, and 0.79% other.

There is a stone church on Kakskerta, constructed in the 17th and 18th centuries. The municipality was annexed into the city of Turku in 1968. The Brinkhall manor was the filming location for the historical TV drama Hovimäki.
Thomas Bassnett
Thomas Bassnett (born c. 1808) was an early American meteorologist. A listing of people interred at St. Nicholas Cemetery in Jacksonville, Florida shows a "BASSNETT, Thomas", b. Jun 9 1808 d. Feb 16 1886" that may be him.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Church of Santa Maria de Abade de Neiva
The Church of Santa Maria de Abade de Neiva (Portuguese: Igreja Paroquial de Abade de Neiva/Igreja de Santa Maria/Igreja de Santa Maria do Abade de Neiva) is the parochial church of the civil parish of Abade de Neiva, in the municipality of Barcelos, Portuguese district of Braga.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
HrrF RNA
HrrF DNA (Haemophilus regulatory RNA responsive to iron Fe) is a  small non-coding RNA involved in iron homeostasis in Haemophilus species. Orthologues exist only among other Pasteurellacae. Iron- regulated sRNAs JA01- JA04 were identified in related Aggregatibacter. It is an analog  to PrrF and RyhB RNAs.  HrrF is maximally expressed when iron levels are low. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) binds upstream of the  hrrF promoter.  HrrF stability is not dependent on the RNA chaperone Hfq. RNA-seq has shown that HrrF targets are   mRNAs of genes whose products  are involved in molybdate uptake, deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, and amino acid synthesis.

Haemophilus
Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they occasionally assume. These organisms inhabit the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. The genus includes commensal organisms along with some significant pathogenic species such as H. influenzae—a cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis in young children—and H. ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid. All members are either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.
Mike Knill
Franklyn Michael David Knill (born 22 December 1941) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Knill was born in Monkton, Pembrokeshire, and attended Pembroke Grammar School.

A tighthead prop, Knill was regarded as one of the best scrummagers in the country. He played much of his rugby with Cardiff and was capped once for the national team, as a substitute for Graham Price in a win over France in the 1976 Five Nations, which secured the grand slam for Wales. After leaving Cardiff, he served as captain of Penarth.

Knill, now retired, was a Detective Sergeant with South Wales Police.

South Wales Police
South Wales Police (Welsh: Heddlu De Cymru; SWP) is one of the four territorial police forces in Wales. It is headquartered in Bridgend.

The force was formed as South Wales Constabulary on 1 June 1969, by the amalgamation of the former Glamorgan Constabulary, Cardiff City Police, Swansea Borough Police and Merthyr Tydfil Borough Police. In 1974, with the reorganisation of local government, the force's area was expanded to cover the newly created counties of Mid, South and West Glamorgan. In 1996, the force adopted its current name and lost the Rhymney Valley area to Gwent Police due to further local government reorganisation.

Today, the force serves the principal areas of Bridgend, Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Swansea and the Vale of Glamorgan – most of the historic county of Glamorgan.
Dewan Hernandez
Dewan Antonio Hernandez (born Dewan Antonio Huell; December 9, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Capitanes de Arecibo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). He played college basketball for the Miami Hurricanes, and played six games for the Toronto Raptors in the NBA.

Raptors 905
The Raptors 905 are a Canadian professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Mississauga, and are affiliated with the Toronto Raptors. Raptors 905 began play in the 2015–16 season and play their home games at Paramount Fine Foods Centre, replacing the centre's former basketball tenant, the Mississauga Power of the National Basketball League of Canada. The team regularly plays approximately 2 to 4 home games at the Scotiabank Arena, the home of their parent club, the Toronto Raptors. The Raptors 905 is the eighth NBA G League team to be owned by an NBA team and the first NBA G League team to be located outside of the United States.

The name "905" refers to the local area code of the suburban Greater Toronto Area, and is a common shorthand referring to the suburbs surrounding Toronto.
Mountain (surname)
Mountain is the surname of the following people

Edgar Mountain (1901–1985), British runner

Frank Mountain (1860–1939), American baseball player

Lance Mountain (born 1964), American skateboarder

Pat Mountain (footballer) (born 1976), former Welsh footballer

Patricia Mountain, English politician

Peter Mountain (1923–2013), English violinist

Reginald Mountain (1899–1981), British civil engineer

Ronald Gervase Mountain (1897–1983), British Indian Army officer

Pat Mountain (politician)
Patricia Ann Mountain (born December 1946) is a British politician who served as the Interim Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2019 to 2020. Mountain also served as the Deputy Leader of UKIP from July to September 2020.
AEL Limassol
Athlitiki Enosi Lemesou (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Λεμεσού, lit. 'Athletic Union of Limassol') is a Cypriot sports club based in the city of Limassol, best known for its football team.

AEL Limassol also maintains a men's and women's basketball teams, a women's volleyball team and a (newly established in 1976) Futsal team, a women's handball team as well as a cricket team.

The sponsor of the club is Meridian Sport.

Tsirio Stadium
The Tsirio Stadium (Greek: Τσίρειο Στάδιο) is an all-seater multi-purpose stadium in Limassol, Cyprus.

The stadium holds 13,331 people and is mostly used for football matches. It was the home ground of the three biggest clubs in Limassol, which have now moved to the Alphamega Stadium.

The football pitch is surrounded by an athletics track and serves as the home ground of the Limassol GSO (Gymnastikos Syllogos Olympia) Athletics Club.
Order of British Columbia
The Order of British Columbia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former British Columbia residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the British Columbia Crown.

Bill Vander Zalm
William Nicholas Vander Zalm (born Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm; May 29, 1934) is a Dutch-born Canadian businessman and politician who served as the 28th premier of British Columbia and leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party from 1986 to 1991. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing the riding of Surrey from 1975 to 1983, and the riding of Richmond from 1986 to 1991.
Florida State Road 22
State Road 22 (SR 22) runs east and west from US 98 Business in Springfield to SR 71 in Wewahitchka.  SR 22 is known as East 3rd Street in Springfield and Wewa Highway from Callaway to Wewahitchka. With the exception of the intersection with US 98 in Callaway, SR 22 is entirely a two-lane undivided highway, and is far more rural east of Callaway.

Beginning one block south of SR 22's eastern terminus, County Road 22 (CR 22) extends the route to the banks of the Apalachicola River. Several other disconnected segments of CR 22 exist in the Apalachicola National Forest and to the east in Liberty and Wakulla Counties, evidencing a former plan to extend SR 22 to Sopchoppy via Sumatra.

Springfield, Florida
Springfield is a city in Bay County, Florida, United States, east of Panama City. It is part of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Springfield was incorporated on February 12, 1935. The population was 8,075 at the 2020 census, down from 8,903 at the 2010 census.
Bristol and Bath Railway Path
The Bristol and Bath Railway Path is a 15-mile (24 km) off-road cycleway, part of National Cycle Network National Cycle Route 4. It has a 3-metre (9.8 ft) wide tarmacked surface, and was used for 2.4 million trips in 2007, increasing by 10% per year.

It was built by the cycling charity Sustrans between 1979 and 1986, which leased a five-mile (8.0 km) stretch near Saltford, with the help of the then Avon County Council, and using volunteers turned it into its first cycleway.

Avon County Council
Avon County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Avon in south west England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1974 and was abolished on 1 April 1996 at the same time as the county. The county council was based at Avon House in Bristol. It was replaced with four authorities: Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council, North Somerset Council and Bath and North East Somerset Council.
Boyd (1783 ship)
Boyd was a brigantine built in 1783, at Limehouse on the river Thames, England. She originally traded as a West Indiaman, sailing between London and Saint Kitts. Then between 1795 and 1797, she performed a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). The French captured her as she was homeward bound, but her owners repurchased her in 1803. In 1804, the French captured her again, but the Royal Navy recaptured her and returned her to her owners. In 1809, she transported convicts to New South Wales for the British government. After delivering the convicts she sailed to New Zealand where Maori warriors attacked her, killing and eating almost her entire crew and passengers. They then burnt her.

Limehouse
Limehouse is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It is 3.9 miles (6.3 km) east of Charing Cross, on the northern bank of the River Thames. Its proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as The Grapes and Limehouse Stairs.

The area gives its name to Limehouse Reach, a section of the Thames which runs south to Millwall after making a right-angled bend at Cuckold's Point, Rotherhithe. The west-to-east section upstream of Cuckold's Point is properly called the Lower Pool.