hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 Palanca Awards
The 52nd Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held on September 1, 2002, at The Peninsula Manila in Makati to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. Former Education Secretary Raul Roco was Guest of Honor and Speaker at this year’s awarding ceremony.

List of Winners

The 2002 winners are divided into four categories:

The Peninsula Manila
The Peninsula Manila (colloquially known as the Manila Peninsula or simply Manila Pen) is a 5-star luxury hotel in the Philippines. It is located on the corner of Ayala Avenue and Makati Avenue in the Makati Central Business District, falling under the jurisdiction of Barangay Urdaneta. The hotel is part of The Peninsula Hotels chain based in Hong Kong and is the first hotel of that chain outside the Chinese territory.
Ain Zaatout
Ain Zaatout (Arabic: عين زعطوط) is the administrative name of a mountainous village in north east Algeria, called Ah Frah in the local Shawi dialect, and Beni Farah (sometimes spelled Beni Ferah) (Arabic: بني فرح) in Arabic.

It is located at 35.14° North, 5.83° East, at the southern edge of the Saharan Atlas between the provinces of Batna and Biskra. The region is largely rocky with an average altitude of more than 900 metres (2,953 feet) above sea level.

Aïn Zaatout has an estimated population of around 5,000 composed of Farhi people, Muslim Berbers speaking a distinctive variant of the Shawi dialect used in the Aurès.

Batna Province
Batna Province (Arabic: ولاية باتنة, romanized: Wilāyat Bātnah) is a province of Algeria, in the region of Aurès. The capital is Batna. Localities in this province include N'Gaous, Merouana and Timgad. Belezma National Park is in the Belezma Range area of the province.
Renaming of cities in India
Renaming of cities in India has taken place since 1947 following the end of the British imperial period. Several changes have been controversial, and not all proposed changes have been implemented. Each has required approval by the Government of India in Delhi.

Some renaming of states and territories in India has also taken place, with substantial name changes in both local language and in English such as the old British state name of Travancore–Cochin to Kerala (1956). The most notable exceptions are Indian English spelling-changes of Orissa to Odisha (2011) and the union territory of Pondicherry (which includes the city of Pondicherry) to Puducherry (2006).

Jajmau
Jajmau also known as Jajesmow during British Era, is a suburb of Kanpur, India. It is situated on the banks of the Ganges River, and is an industrial suburb. It has the population of about 652,831 according to the census of 2011. The area comes under the jurisdiction of Kanpur metropolitan area. Jajmau is famous for its leather productions and tanneries, and has been recognized as one of the oldest sites in Kanpur.
Solar eclipse of January 21, 1852
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, January 21, 1852, with a magnitude of 0.4577. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

It was first of three partial eclipses that took place that year within the space of nearly six months, the last one was in June 1852 in the same hemisphere with a very tiny portion in the same area with the previous eclipse but the remainder in South America.

Solar eclipse of May 9, 2032
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, May 9, 2032, with a magnitude of 0.9957. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter will be near the average diameter because it will occur 5.7 days after perigee (on May 3, 2032, at 21:40 UTC) and 7.4 days before apogee (on May 16, 2032, at 23:20 UTC).

Since most of the path of this eclipse is narrow and passes over the South Atlantic Ocean, no land areas will witness annularity. However, a partial eclipse will be visible for parts of southern South America and Southern Africa.
Peravurani Assembly constituency
Peravurani is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu. Peravurani Assembly constituency was created in 1967 by the delimitation of Pattukkottai Assembly constituency. It elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. Since the 1967 elections, Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam has won the assembly seat three times (in 1984, 2006, 2016 state elections), Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam has also won the assembly seat three times (in 1967, 1977 and 1980, 2021), Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) has won two times in the 1996 and 2001 elections and Indian National Congress has won the seat two times (in 1989 and 1991) and Desiya Murpokku Dravidar Kazhagam won the seat in 2011 election. The current member of legislative assembly N. Ashok Kumar from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
The Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (transl. National Progressive Dravidian Federation; abbr. DMDK) is an Indian regional political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Vijayakant (Captain) at Madurai on 14 September 2005. The party was led by its founder until 14 December 2023 from its date of founding. From 14 December 2023, the DMDK is led by Vijayakant's wife Premallatha Vijayakant as general secretary of the party. The party served as the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 27 May 2011	to 21 February 2016. The headquarters of the party is called Captain Aalayam, which is located at Jawaharlal Nehru Salai, Koyambedu, Chennai. In 2025, the party rejoined the NDA.
Cork's Red FM
Cork's RedFM is an Irish radio station which broadcasts to Cork and the surrounding area, and is aimed at a youth audience. The station commenced broadcasting on 16 January 2002" and was awarded Ireland's first youth radio licence. Its target market is the 15-35 age group in Cork city and county.

On 1 March 2023, the radio station was acquired by Bauer Media Audio and became one of the group's stations in the country. It adopted a new branding kit in early 2024, to closer align with sister stations across the Bauer network. This included a new tagline, Cork's Good Times, taken from the network's similarly formatted 98FM in Dublin from 2022 to 2025.

98FM
98FM is a local radio station in Dublin, Ireland, operated by Bauer Media Audio Ireland, under a sound broadcasting contract from Coimisiún na Meán. The station broadcasts on the 98.1 MHz FM frequency. 98FM's broadcast antenna is located on Three Rock Mountain, County Dublin at 5 kW, and can be heard in Dublin and neighbouring counties. 98FM also has a relay in north County Dublin, broadcasting on 97.4 MHz. Since 2025, the station has been marketed as "Dublin's Best Music Mix.
Osada
Osada can refer to:

Osada, Masovian Voivodeship, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin in Poland

Osada (software), see comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking

Juri Osada, a Japanese figure skater

Kenichi Osada, Japanese engineer

Michiyasu Osada (b. 1978), a Japanese football player

Shuichiro Osada (b. 1980), a Japanese baseball player

Stanisław Osada (1869–1934), a Polish nationalist and author

Yukiko Osada (b. 1981), a retired Japanese swimmer

Osada Not, a Japanese manga artist

Yukiko Osada
Yukiko Osada (長田 友喜子, Osada Yukiko; born May 14, 1981 in Yamanashi) is a retired Japanese swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. Osada won two bronze medals in the 200 m butterfly and the medley relay at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea.

Osada qualified for the women's 200 m butterfly at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by attaining an A-standard entry time of 2:09.97 from the national championships. In the morning's preliminary heats, she recorded the eighth fastest qualifying time of 2:11.20 to secure her spot in the semifinal run. On the evening session, Osada failed to qualify for the final run, as she placed thirteenth overall in the semifinals, with a fourth slowest time of 2:11.35.
Hydronics
Hydronics (from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water (steam) or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.

Historically, in large-scale commercial buildings such as high-rise and campus facilities, a hydronic system may include both a chilled and a heated water loop, to provide for both heating and air conditioning. Chillers and cooling towers are used either separately or together as means to provide water cooling, while boilers heat water. A recent innovation is the chiller boiler system, which provides an efficient form of HVAC for homes and smaller commercial spaces.

Heating system
A heating system is a mechanism designed to maintain a desired temperature in a space by adding thermal energy. It is a fundamental component of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, providing warmth to residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Heating systems are of two main types: central and distributed. Central heating systems generate heat (electrically or by burning gas/coal) in a single location and distribute the heat through ducts, pipes, or radiators. Distributed heating systems use local heat sources, such as space heaters and fireplaces, and do not use ducts, pipes, or conventional radiators. Heating systems are critical in ensuring indoor comfort, especially in colder regions.
George Pappas
George Sotiros Pappas (4 May 1942-3 September 2025) is a professor of philosophy at Ohio State University.  Pappas specializes in epistemology, the history of early modern philosophy, philosophy of religion and metaphysics. He is of Greek and English origin.

He is the author of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on "Internalist versus Externalist" conceptions of epistemic justification.

He was co-editor (with Marshall Swain) of Essays on Knowledge and Justification (1978), an anthology of essays relating to the Gettier problem used as a core text in undergraduate epistemology courses.

Pappas is an editorial consultant of Berkeley Studies.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Imbert–Fedorov effect
The Imbert–Fiodaraŭ effect, named after Fiodar Ivanavič Fiodaraŭ (1911–1994) and Christian Imbert (1937–1998), is an optical phenomenon whereby a beam of circularly or elliptically polarized light undergoes a small sideways shift when refracted or totally internally reflected. The sideways shift is perpendicular to the plane containing the incident and reflected beams. This effect is the circular polarization analog of the Goos–Hänchen effect.

Elliptical polarization
In electrodynamics, elliptical polarization is the polarization of electromagnetic radiation such that the tip of the electric field vector describes an ellipse in any fixed plane intersecting, and normal to, the direction of propagation. An elliptically polarized wave may be resolved into two linearly polarized waves in phase quadrature, with their polarization planes at right angles to each other. Since the electric field can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise as it propagates, elliptically polarized waves exhibit chirality.

Circular polarization and linear polarization can be considered to be special cases of elliptical polarization. This terminology was introduced by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822, before the electromagnetic nature of light waves was known.
Maila Anchal
Maila Aanchal (Hindi: मैला आँचल; English: The Soiled Border) is a 1954 Hindi novel written by Phanishwar Nath Renu. After Premchand's Godan, 'Maila Anchal' is regarded as the most significant Hindi novel in the Hindi literature tradition. It is one of the greatest examples of "Anchalik Upanyas" (regional novel) in Hindi.

Premchand
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (pronounced [preːm t͡ʃənd̪] ⓘ), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

Premchand was a pioneer of Hindi and Urdu social fiction. He was one of the first authors to write about caste hierarchies and the plight of women and labourers of the late 1880s. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His works include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, and Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e-Watan (Sorrow of the Nation).

His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of Indian and foreign literary works into Hindi.
Nikiforovka, Kursk Oblast
Nikiforovka (Russian: Никифоровка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Naumovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  83 (2010 Census); 142 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Osgood's rat
Osgood's rat (Rattus osgoodi) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found only in Lâm Đồng Province in the Central Highlands (Tây Nguyên) of  southern Vietnam. Its name references Wilfred Hudson Osgood.

Central Highlands (Vietnam)
The Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung phần), South Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Nam Trung Bộ), Western Highlands (Vietnamese: Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung bộ) was a former region located in the south central part of Vietnam. It contained parts of the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, Quảng Ngãi, and Lâm Đồng. On June 12 2025 the region merged with South Central Coast.
Alpha Tour
Alpha Tour (stylized as αlpha Tour) was the third concert tour by Spanish singer Aitana, launched in support of her third studio album, Alpha. The tour kicked off on October 1, 2023, in Valencia, Spain, consisting of thirty-tree shows across eight countries. It concluded on August 4, 2024, in Vigo, Spain.  Alpha Tour was attended by 140,000 people from only ten shows in Spain during 2023, and by 450,000 people from seventeen shows during 2024.

Children (composition)
"Children" is an instrumental composition by Italian composer Robert Miles. It was first released in Italy in January 1995 as part of the EP Soundtracks on Joe Vannelli's DBX label, but it did not chart. Vannelli brought the track to a nightclub in Miami where it was heard by Simon Berry of Platipus Records. Berry worked with Vannelli and James Barton (of Liverpool's Cream nightclub) to release the composition in November 1995 as the lead single from Miles's debut album, Dreamland (1996). "Children" was certified gold and platinum in several countries and reached number one in more than 12 countries; it was Europe's most successful single of 1996. In 2025, Billboard magazine ranked it among "The 100 Best Dance Songs of All Time".
Ukrainian Volunteer Service
Ukrainian Volunteer Service or UVS (Ukrainian: Українська Волонтерська Служба, romanized: Ukrainska Volonterska Sluzhba or УВС) — is a Ukrainian public organization that was founded in Odessa in 2017 by Anna Bondarenko. On August 11, 2017, the organization was officially registered. Currently, the organization's community consists of more than 200,000 volunteers, including Volunteer Agents, School Volunteer Agents, graduates of other programs, as well as local volunteers who help in their hometowns.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
1989 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, McNeil with Kathy Foxworth and Navratilova with Hana Mandlíková.

Foxworth and McNeil lost in the second round to Catherine Suire and Patricia Tarabini.

Mandlíková and Navratilova won in the final 6–4, 6–1 against Mary Lou Daniels and Wendy White.

Catherine Suire
Catherine Suire (born 15 September 1959) is a French former tennis player who competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. She won eight doubles titles in her professional career, and reached her highest individual ranking on the WTA Tour on 14 May 1984, when she became the number 52 of the world.
John White (sportsman)
John William White (1 August 1877 – 2 December 1958) was an English sportsman who played first-class cricketer for Nottinghamshire between 1902 and 1904 as well as playing football for Nottingham Forest. He was born in New Annesley; died in Mansfield.

Mansfield
Mansfield /ˈmænzfiːld/ is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city of Nottingham). Henry III granted Mansfield the Royal Charter of a market town in 1227. The town lies in the Maun Valley, 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham. The district had a population of 110,500 at the 2021 census. Mansfield is the one local authority in Nottinghamshire with a publicly elected mayor, the Mayor of Mansfield. Mansfield in ancient times became the pre-eminent in importance amongst the towns of Sherwood Forest.
Designmuseum Denmark
The Designmuseum Denmark (Danish: Designmuseum Danmark) is a museum in Copenhagen for Danish and international design and crafts. It features works of famous Danish designers like Arne Jacobsen, Jacob Jensen and Kaare Klint, who was one of the two architects who remodeled the former Frederiks Hospital (built 1752–57) into a museum in the 1920s. The exhibition also features a variety of Chinese and German porcelain.

The museum was known as the Danish Museum of Art & Design (Danish: Kunstindustrimuseet) until 2011 and known as the Danish Museum of Decorative Art prior.

Jacob Jensen
Jacob Jensen (29 April 1926 – 15 May 2015) was a Danish industrial designer best known for his work with Bang & Olufsen. Jensen designed numerous popular high-end consumer products, developing a functional minimalism style that formed a prominent part of the Danish modern movement. In 1958 he founded the Jacob Jensen Design Studio. Jensen designed for other brands including Alcatel, Kirk, Boform, General Electric, International Gift Corporation, JO-JO, Labofa, Rodenstock, Rosti (Rosti Mepal), and Stentofon. His works have been featured at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and have received numerous design awards.
I Won't Let You Down (Christopher song)
"I Won't Let You Down" is a song by Danish singer Christopher featuring American singer Bekuh Boom. The single was released in April 2016 as the third single from his third studio album, Closer. The song topped Tracklisten, the official Danish Singles Chart, becoming Christopher's third number one on the chart after "Twerk It Like Miley" by Brandon Beal featuring Christopher and "CPH Girls" by Christopher featuring Brandon Beal.

Closer (Christopher album)
Closer is the third studio album by Danish singer Christopher. It was released on 15 April 2016, by Parlophone Records. The album was preceded by the singles "Tulips", "Limousine" featuring Madcon and "I Won't Let You Down" featuring Bekuh Boom, which was released on 1 April 2016.

The album was re-released in May 2017 with six extra tracks.
Francisco Dornelles
Francisco Dornelles (7 January 1935 – 23 August 2023) was a Brazilian lawyer, economist, and politician. He was the lieutenant governor of Rio de Janeiro from 2015 to 2019 and was the interim Governor during March and October 2016 following the illness of governor Luiz Fernando Pezão. He represented Rio de Janeiro in the Federal Senate from 2007 to 2015, until he resigned from the post to take office as lieutenant governor. Previously, he served as a deputy from Rio de Janeiro and several positions in presidents José Sarney and Fernando Henrique Cardoso's cabinets from 1987 to 2007. He was a member of the Progressistas.

Dornelles assumed office as acting governor twice: on 28 March 2016, when Governor Pezão left office to treat a lymphoma, and on 29 November 2018, when the Governor was arrested by the Federal Police in a new phase of Operation Car Wash.

Francisco Dornelles died on 23 August 2023, at the age of 88.

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
University of Latvia
University of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Universitāte, shortened LU) is a public research university located in Riga, Latvia. The university was established in 1919. It is one of the largest and most prestigious higher education institutions in the Baltic States.

Prime Minister of Latvia
The prime minister of Latvia (Latvian: ministru prezidents) is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, who presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The officeholder is nominated by the president of Latvia, but must be able to obtain the support of a parliamentary majority in the Saeima.

The tables below display all Latvian prime ministers from both the first period of Latvian independence (1918–1940) and since the country regained its independence (1990–present). From 1990 to 6 July 1993, the head of government was known as the chairman of the Council of Ministers.

A direct translation of the official Latvian term is minister-president. Although the equivalent is used in some European languages, it is not used conventionally in English.