hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Flag Is Born
A Flag Is Born is a 1946 play that advocated the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people in the ancient Land of Israel—at the time of the play's release Mandatory Palestine, under British administration. With a cast including Paul Muni, Celia Adler and Marlon Brando, it opened on Broadway on September 4, 1946. It was written by Ben Hecht and directed by Luther Adler, with music by Kurt Weill. A Flag Is Born was produced by the American League for a Free Palestine, an organization headed by Hillel Kook (known in America by the anglicized name Peter Bergson), to raise money for Zionist causes.

Hillel Kook
Hillel Kook (Hebrew: הלל קוק; 24 July 1915 –18 August 2001), also known as Peter Bergson (Hebrew: פיטר ברגסון), was a Revisionist Zionist activist and politician.

Kook led the Irgun's efforts in the United States during World War II and the Holocaust in order to promote Zionism, attempting thereby to save the abandoned Jews of Europe. His rescue group's activism was the main factor leading to President Franklin D. Roosevelt establishing the War Refugee Board, which rescued as many as 200,000 European Jews, partly via the Wallenberg mission. He later served in Israel's first Knesset, but resigned in 1951 after becoming disillusioned with Israeli politics.
Shadow Cabinet of Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
The Shadow Cabinet of Ahmad Zahid Hamidi was established on 26 September 2018. The purpose of this Shadow Cabinet is to provide a check and balance role for Mahathir Mohamad's Pakatan Harapan coalition, which formed a government (with the confidence and supply of WARISAN and UPKO) on 10 May 2018.

United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation
The United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu; abbrev: UPKO) is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the same UPKO acronym; which was a widely known Kadazan-Dusun-Murut based party in 2019. The party had earlier been renamed once before in 1999 from its initial 1994 formation name of Sabah Democratic Party. In 2021, UPKO joined the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, but left in 2025.
Arturo Cadore
Arturo Cadore (15 September 1877 – 25 June 1929) was an Italian composer and organist. Born in Soresina (Province of Cremona), he primarily composed operettas and parlor songs, and comic operas. He is also known for having completed Amilcare Ponchielli's opera I Mori di Valenza which had been left unfinished when the composer died in 1886 and was premiered posthumously in 1914. In his later years he was the organist at the Chiesa di San Vittore in Olona (near Varese). Cadore died in Gaggiano at the age of 51.

Soresina
Soresina (Soresinese: Suresìna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cremona.

It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 27 October 1962.

Soresina borders the following municipalities: Annicco, Cappella Cantone, Casalmorano, Castelleone, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Genivolta, Trigolo.
R. Keao NeSmith
R. Keao NeSmith is a Native Hawaiian linguist, educator, and translator. He has taught at various universities, such as the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, l'Université de la Polynésie française in ‘Outumaoro, Tahiti, the University of Waikato in Hamilton, New Zealand, and the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. He has taught Hawaiian language, Hawaiian Studies, subjects on endangered language revitalization, and Tahitian language.

His work on "Neo-Hawaiian" as a separate variety of Hawaiian has informed debate in Hawaiian language studies, as well as broader issues in language revitalization.

He has translated a number of books into Hawaiian, including The Hobbit, The Little Prince, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and the Harry Potter series. He is currently working on a Hawaiian translation of The Chronicles of Narnia.

University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo
The University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo (UH Hilo) is a public university in Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States. It is one of ten campuses of the University of Hawaiʻi System. It was founded as Hilo Center at Lyman Hall of the Hilo Boys School in 1945 and was a branch campus of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. In 1970 it was reorganized by an act of the Hawaiʻi State Legislature and became a campus within the newly created University of Hawaiʻi System.

The university has been accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission or its predecessor since 1976. It offers thirty-three undergraduate and three graduate degree programs and has about 3,000 students; most students are residents of Hawaiʻi but many are international students.
Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.

Pearson language tests
Pearson PLC offers various  international standardized tests of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. The tests include the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), Pearson English International Certificate (PEIC) (formerly known as PTE General and London Tests of English (LTE)), and Pearson English International Certificate Young Learners (PEIC YL). These are scenario-based exams, accredited by the QCA and Ofqual, and are administered in association with Edexcel.
William Robinson (boxer)
William Robinson (born 20 February 1936) is a British boxer and fought as Bill Robinson. He competed in the men's light middleweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He received a bye in the first round, before being defeated by Nojim Maiyegun of Nigeria in the next round, after the referee stopped the contest.

Robinson won the 1964 Amateur Boxing Association British light-middleweight title and 1965 British middleweight title, when boxing out of the Stock Exchange ABC.

England Boxing National Amateur Championships Middleweight Champions
The England Boxing National Amateur Championships Middleweight Championship formerly known as the ABA Championships is the primary English amateur boxing championship. It had previously been contested by all the nations of the United Kingdom.
Liviu Prunaru
Liviu Prunaru (born 1969 in Craiova) is a Romanian violinist. He is a former Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra's concertmaster.

Violinist Liviu Prunaru has won the top prizes and gained international recognition at the most prestigious International Violin Competitions in the world. Mr. Prunaru was the 1997 Gold Medallist of the Dong-A International Violin Competition in Korea, Silver Medallist of the 1998 Indianapolis International Violin Competition in the USA, Silver (2nd Grand Prize) Medallist at the 1993 Queen Elizabeth in Brussels, Gold Medallist at the 1991 Rodolfo Lipizer International Violin Competition in Italy, and Gold Medallist at the R. Molinari Violin Competition in Switzerland, among many others.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
Brita Collett Paus
Brita Lucie Collett Paus (3 July 1917 – 28 June 1998) was a Norwegian humanitarian leader and the founder of Fransiskushjelpen, a Catholic charitable organisation in Norway. She led the organisation from 1956 until 1993.

She converted to Catholicism from Lutheranism in 1950, and served as chair of the Laity Council of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo, as board member of Caritas in Norway from 1965 and member of governmental committees.

She was married to orthopedic surgeon Bernhard Paus, the Grand Master of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. Their daughter Lucie Paus Falck became a politician.

She was the daughter of landowner Axel Collett and Lucie Trozelli Krefting, and a member of the Collett family.

Norwegian Order of Freemasons
The Norwegian Order of Freemasons (Norwegian: Den Norske Frimurerorden) is the Masonic Grand Lodge in Norway. The first lodge (St. Olai Lodge - Later changed to Lodge St. Olaus to the white Leopard) was opened in 1749 and is still working. The Grand Lodge has followed the Swedish Rite since 1818, which requires its members to adhere to Christianity. During the union of Sweden-Norway, the Swedish-Norwegian king was Grand Master of the Order. The sovereign Grand Lodge of Norway was consecrated in 1891. As of 2009, the Order has about 20,000 members.

The Order consists of 63 lodges of St. John (Iº – IIIº), 19 lodges of St. Andrew (IVº – VIº), three Steward lodges of 2. order (VII º), four Steward lodges of 1. order (VIIº – VIIIº), three Provincial lodges (VIIº – Xº), the Grand lodge (VIIº – XIIº) and one research lodge.

The order is headquartered in Oslo, with a large building next to the Norwegian Parliament.
Twenty-mule team
Twenty-mule teams were teams of eighteen mules and two horses attached to large wagons that transported borax out of Death Valley from 1883 to 1898. They traveled from mines across the Mojave Desert to the nearest railroad spur, 165 miles (266 km) away in Mojave. The routes were from the Harmony and Amargosa Borax Works to Daggett, California, and later Mojave, California. After Harmony and Amargosa shut down in 1888, the mule team's route was moved to the mines at Borate, 3 miles (5 km) east of Calico, back to Daggett. There they worked from 1891 until 1898 when they were replaced by the Borate and Daggett Railroad.

The wagons were among the largest ever pulled by draft animals, designed to carry 10 short tons (9 metric tons) of borax ore at a time.

Mule
The mule is a domestic equine hybrid between a donkey and a horse. It is the offspring of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The horse and the donkey are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes; of the two possible first-generation hybrids between them, the mule is easier to obtain and more common than the hinny, which is the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny).

Mules vary widely in size, and may be of any color seen in horses or donkeys. They are more patient, hardier and longer-lived than horses, and are perceived as less obstinate and more intelligent than donkeys.: 5
Isolated organ perfusion technique
Isolated organ perfusion technique is employed to precipitate an organ's perfusion and circulation that are independent/isolated from the body's systemic circulation for various purposes such as organ-localized chemotherapy, organ-targeted delivery of drug, gene or anything else, organ transplantation, and organ injury recovery. The technique has been widely studied in animal and human for decades. Before the implementation, the perfusion system will be selected and the process can be similar to organ bath. Isolated organ perfusion technique, nevertheless, is averagely conducted in vivo without leaving the organ alone as a whole out of the body.

Organ bath
An organ chamber, organ bath, or isolated tissue bath, is a chamber in which isolated organs or tissues can be administered with drugs, or stimulated electrically, in order to measure their function. The tissue in the organ bath is typically oxygenated with carbogen and kept in a solution such as Tyrode's solution or lactated Ringer's solution. Historically, they have also been called gut baths.
Clarkson Cliffs
Clarkson Cliffs (80°28′S 27°4′W﻿ / ﻿80.467°S 27.067°W﻿ / -80.467; -27.067) are ice-covered cliffs marked by rock exposures, rising to 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) at the northeast edge of Fuchs Dome, Shackleton Range. They were photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1967, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1968–71. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Peter D. Clarkson, BAS geologist, Halley Research Station, 1968–70, who worked in the area for four seasons, 1968–71, 1977–78; Head, BAS Mineralogy, Geology and Geochemistry Section, 1976–89; at Scott Polar Research Institute from 1989.

Scott Polar Research Institute
The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge, located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge.

SPRI was founded by Frank Debenham in 1920 as the national memorial to Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his companions, who died on their return journey from the South Pole in 1912. It investigates issues relevant to the Arctic and Antarctic in the environmental sciences, social sciences and humanities. The institute is home to the Polar Museum and has some 60 personnel, consisting of academic, library and support staff plus postgraduate students, associates and fellows attached to research programmes. The institute also hosts the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
Triple-A Classic
The Triple-A Classic was an interleague postseason championship series held annually between the league champions of the American Association (AA) and International League (IL) Triple-A leagues of Minor League Baseball from 1988 to 1991.

Over a four-year period, the AA and IL had an interleague partnership called the Triple-A Alliance in which they played an interlocking schedule during the regular-season. After the leagues held separate playoffs to determine their champions, each winner met in the best-of-seven Triple-A Classic to determine an overall champion. The partnership and the Triple-A Classic were discontinued after the 1991 season due to poor attendance, high travel costs, and the difficulty of drawing up season schedules.

All four Triple-A Classics were won by American Association teams. The Indianapolis Indians won the first two series held in 1988 and 1989, the Omaha Royals won in 1990, and the Denver Zephyrs won the final series in 1991.

Bush Stadium
Owen J. Bush Stadium was a baseball stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It was home to the Indianapolis Indians from 1931 to 1996. It was also home to a few Negro league teams, as well as a Continental Football League team, the Indianapolis Capitols, who won the league's final championship in 1969. The stadium closed in 2001, and since 2014, has been converted into apartments.
Ramakrishnan Ramkumar
Ramakrishnan Ramkumar (born 27 March 1980) is a first-class cricketer who played for Tamil Nadu in the Ranji Trophy. He was born in Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ramkumar is a left-hand batsman and left-arm orthodox bowler. He took a hat-trick in the 2003-04 Ranji Trophy playing for Tamil Nadu against Karnataka.

2003–04 Ranji Trophy
The 2003–04 Ranji Trophy was the 70th season of the Ranji Trophy. Mumbai defeated Tamil Nadu on first innings lead. Maharashtra won the Plate division title.

Wasim Jaffer of Mumbai took 23 catches in nine matches which is the record for most catches in a season by a fielder.
Afzelius
Afzelius is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish naturalist

Arvid Afzelius (1857–1923), Swedish dermatologist

Arvid August Afzelius (1785–1871), Swedish poet and historian

Björn Afzelius (1947–1999), Swedish singer

Johan Afzelius (1753–1837), Swedish chemist

Jon Arvid Afzelius (1856–1918), Swedish linguist

Per von Afzelius (1760–1843), Swedish medicine

Ronnie Afzelius (1972–present), Swedish entrepreneur

Björn Afzelius
Björn Svante Afzelius (27 January 1947 – 16 February 1999) was a Swedish singer-songwriter and guitar player. He was an outspoken socialist, known for his support for Olof Palme. His songs are about love, politics and joys and sadness in life.
Carl Guhr
Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand Guhr, also Karl Guhr (27 October 1787 – 23 July 1848) was a German violinist, composer and from 1821 until his early death, theatre Kapellmeister and music entrepreneur in the Free City of Frankfurt.

Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister (/kəˈpɛlmaɪstər/ kə-PEL-my-stər, US also /kɑːˈ-/ kah-, German: [kaˈpɛlˌmaɪstɐ] ⓘ), from Kapelle ('chapel') and Meister ('master'), literally 'master of the chapel choir', is a word of German origin that designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in its meaning and is today used for denoting the leader of a musical ensemble, often smaller ones used for TV, radio, and theatre.
Parallactic angle
In spherical astronomy, the parallactic angle is the angle between the great circle through a celestial object and the zenith, and the hour circle of the object. It is usually denoted q. In the triangle zenith—object—celestial pole, the parallactic angle will be the position angle of the zenith at the celestial object. Despite its name, this angle is unrelated with parallax. The parallactic angle is 0° or 180° when the object crosses the meridian.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Calosoma cancellatum
Calosoma cancellatum, the latticed beautiful black searcher, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Eschscholtz in 1833. This species is found in British Columbia, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. Its habitat consists of  open dry ground, and may also be found in cultivated fields.

Adults are diurnal and they prey on lepidopterous caterpillars, but also on elaterids, flies and orthopterans. Larvae have been recorded feeding on the larvae of Peridroma saucia.

Carabinae
Carabinae is a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, containing ten genera and over fourteen hundred described species. It has two tribes, the Cychrini Laporte (1834) and Carabini Latreille (1802). The latter is divided into two subtribes, the Carabina Latreille (1802) and Ceroglossina Vacher de Lapouge (1927).
2023 Open Castilla y León – Doubles
Nicolás Álvarez Varona and Iñaki Montes de la Torre were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Dan Added and Pierre-Hugues Herbert won the title after defeating Francis Alcantara and Sun Fajing 4–6, 6–3, [12–10] in the final.

Iñaki Montes de la Torre
Iñaki Montes de la Torre (born 3 October 2002) is a Spanish tennis player. Montes de la Torre has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 345 achieved on 20 October 2025 and a career high doubles ranking of No. 219 achieved on 20 October 2025.

Montes de la Torre played college tennis at the University of Virginia.
Devolution to the North of England
Northern England devolution is the broad term used to describe the wish for devolved governmental powers that would give more autonomy to the Northern Counties (those northern parts of England in the North–South divide in the United Kingdom).

Whilst definitions of the North vary, it is commonly defined as the border with Scotland in the north, to the Midlands, or near the River Trent, in the south. This is currently defined by three governmental statistical regions: North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber, and North East England.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
The Transporter
The Transporter (French: Le Transporteur) is a 2002 English-language French action film directed by Louis Leterrier and Corey Yuen from a screenplay by Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen. It is the first installment in the Transporter franchise and stars Jason Statham in the title role, alongside Shu Qi, François Berléand, and Matt Schulze. In the film, Frank Martin, a British mercenary driver living in France, finds himself involved in a human trafficking plot.

The Transporter premiered at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles on October 2, 2002, and was first theatrically released in the United States on October 11, 2002, by 20th Century Fox, in France on 23 October by EuropaCorp, and in the UK on January 17, 2003. It received mixed reviews from critics with praise for its action sequences and Statham's performance. It grossed $43.9 million worldwide and was followed by a sequel, Transporter 2, in 2005.

Fox Theater, Westwood Village
Regency Village Theatre (formerly Fox Theatre, Westwood Village or Fox Village Theatre, commonly called Westwood Village Theatre) is a historic, landmark cinema in Westwood, Los Angeles, California in the heart of the Mediterranean-themed shopping and cinema precinct, opposite Fox Bruin Theater, near the University of California, Los Angeles. The Regency Theaters chain lease ended in July 2024. The seating capacity of the cinema is about 1,400.

Westwood Village Theatre was the site for many Hollywood movie premieres in Los Angeles.