hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platzmann Open
The Platzmann Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is held in Hagen, Germany. It was previously held in Lüdenscheid, Germany from 2021 until 2024.

Hagen
Hagen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr. In 2023, the population was 197,677.

The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany.
Plants of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
This is a list of plants found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve. The reserve straddles the Mexican states of Colima and Jalisco. It is located in the transition between the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Daniel Westermark
Daniel Westermark (born 6 April 1963) is a Swedish professional golfer.

Westermark enjoyed success on the Challenge Tour in the early 1990s where he won the 1993 Campeonato de Castilla and the 1994 Centenario Copa Palmer. He also finished runner-up in the 1991 Neuchatel Open, 1993 Kenya Open, 1994 Neuchatel Open, 1994 Tessali Open, 1994 El Corte Ingles Open, 1996 Is Molas Challenge and the 1998 Volvo Finnish Open.

Westermark qualified for the 1995 European Tour and finished 165th on the Order of Merit. In total, he played 61 European Tour events between 1987 and 2000, earning €46,447 in official prize money.

Westermark later become the club professional at El Paraiso Golf Club in Estepona, Spain.  He claimed the 16th and final card at qualifying school in Portugal to earn conditional playing rights for the 2015 European Senior Tour season.

1995 European Tour
The 1995 European Tour, titled as the 1995 Volvo Tour for sponsorship reasons, was the 24th season of the European Tour, the main professional golf tour in Europe since its inaugural season in 1972.

It was the eighth season of the tour under a title sponsorship agreement with Volvo, that was announced in May 1987.
Celtis toka
Celtis toka is a medium-sized tree that commonly occurs adjacent to streams and rivers in the Sudanian-Sahel savannah climates of Tropical Africa but it can survive in drier habitats; it is also found of Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

Sudanian savanna
The Sudanian savanna or Sudan region is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Ethiopian Highlands in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. It represents the central bioregion within the broader tropical savanna biome of the Afrotropical realm. The Sahel acacia savanna, a belt of drier grasslands, lies to the north, forming a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Sahara Desert phytochorion. To the Sudan's south, the more humid  forest-savanna mosaic forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Guineo-Congolian forests that lie nearer the equator.
St John's Catholic Comprehensive School
St John's Catholic Comprehensive School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form, located in Gravesend in the English county of Kent.

It is a voluntary aided school in the trusteeship of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark, and is maintained by Kent County Council. Although the school has its own admissions procedure, it does coordinate with Kent County Council for admissions.

St John's Catholic Comprehensive School offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs.

OCR Nationals
OCR Nationals are vocationally related qualifications which were officially launched by the OCR Board in September 2004.  The qualifications are designed to meet the needs of those seeking vocational education in place of the traditional, theory-intensive, academic route. Although the target audience are teenagers (14-19), the qualifications are also suitable for adult learners, much like the GNVQ.  The OCR Nationals are being phased out, and replaced by the Cambridge Nationals.
Mor Harchol-Balter
Mor Harchol-Balter is the Bruce J. Nelson Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.  She is known for her work on queueing theory, scheduling and resource allocation, load balancing, data center power management, and heavy-tailed workloads.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Jean Alfred Gagné
Jean-Alfred Gagné (April 17, 1842 – August 8, 1910) was a lawyer, merchant, judge and political figure in Quebec. He represented Chicoutimi—Saguenay in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1887 as a Conservative member.

He was born in La Malbaie, Canada East, the son of Jean Gagné and Christine Blackburn and was educated at the Seminaire de Québec.  Gagné was called to the Lower Canada bar in 1864 and set up practice in Chicoutimi. In 1864, he married Marie Emilie Louise Guay, the sister of Joseph-Dominique Guay. Gagné was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1872 and 1878 federal elections. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1887. In 1889, he was named a judge in the Quebec Superior Court for Chicoutimi district. He died in Quebec City at the age of 68.

Chicoutimi
Chicoutimi (/ʃɪˈkuːtɪmi/ shih-KOO-tim-ee, French: [ʃikutimi]) is the most populous borough (arrondissement) of the city of Saguenay in Quebec, Canada.

It is situated at the confluence of the Saguenay and Chicoutimi rivers. During the 20th century, it became the main administrative and commercial centre of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. In 2002 it merged into the new city of Saguenay and forms the heart of the 5th-largest urban area of the province of Quebec. At the 2021 census, its population was 69,004.
Mingulay Boat Song
The "Mingulay Boat Song" is a song written by Sir Hugh S. Roberton (1874–1952) in the 1930s. The melody is described in Roberton's Songs of the Isles as a traditional Gaelic tune, probably titled "Lochaber". The tune was part of an old Gaelic song, "Òran na Comhachaig" (the 'Creag Ghuanach' portion); from Brae Lochaber.  The song describes fishermen sailing homeward to the isle of Mingulay where their families wait.

Hugh S. Roberton
Sir Hugh Stevenson Roberton (23 February 1874 – 7 October 1952) was a Scottish composer and, as founder of the Glasgow Orpheus Choir, one of Britain's leading choral-masters in the first half of the 20th century.
Brunsdon
Brunsdon is a British name. Notable people with this surname include:

John Brunsdon (born 1933), English printmaker

William Brunsdon Yapp (1909–1990), English zoologist and writer

It is also a rare first name:

Charles Brunsdon Fletcher (1859–1946), English-born Australian surveyor and journalist

William Brunsdon Yapp
William Brunsdon Yapp OBE (8 February 1909 – 12 March 1990) was an English zoologist and author who worked as a senior lecturer in zoology at the University of Birmingham. Among his major works was a study of the birds illustrated in medieval English works including the Bayeux Tapestry.
Deep Cuts (The Knife album)
Deep Cuts is the second studio album by Swedish electronic music duo the Knife. It was released on 17 January 2003 by Rabid Records. The 2004 version contains three additional tracks (taken from Hannah med H Soundtrack) and is packaged with a DVD containing music videos. On 31 October 2006, Mute Records issued Deep Cuts and the Knife's eponymous debut album in the United States, marking the first US release of both albums. The album spawned the singles "Heartbeats", "You Take My Breath Away" and "Pass This On".

Mute Records
Mute Records is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Einstürzende Neubauten, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Arca, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Laibach, Nitzer Ebb, Yann Tiersen, Wire, Yeasayer, Fever Ray, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.
58th cabinet of Turkey
The cabinet of Abdullah Gül took office on 19 November 2002. He succeeded to the fifth government of Bülent Ecevit.

After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) became the biggest party in the general elections of 2002, its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan could not be prime minister because of a previous conviction and bar from politics. So the second person in the party, Abdullah Gül, formed the 58th government of Turkey. After the legal and political problems for Erdoğan had been eliminated, Abdullah Gül stepped aside and became the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the next government while Erdoğan became prime minister.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkish: Dışişleri Bakanlığı) is the governmental body responsible for conducting foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey. The Ministry is responsible for Turkey's diplomatic missions abroad as well as providing support for Turkish citizens and  promoting  Turkish culture. The ministry  implements Turkish foreign policy in accordance with the country's national interests. Established on 2 May 1920, its primary duties are administering diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, and representing the Republic of Turkey at the United Nations.

The ministry is headquartered in the Turkish capital of Ankara and counts on more than 200 missions as embassies, permanent representation offices and consulates general, abroad. As of 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs maintains 235 diplomatic posts worldwide.

The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Hakan Fidan, who has held the position since 3 June 2023.
Mämsä
Mämsä (Tatar: Мәмсә, romanized: Mämsä) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 371 as of 2010.
Mämsä is located 35 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 94 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 17th century.
There are 4 streets in the village.

Arsky District
Arsky District (Russian: А́рский райо́н; Tatar: Арча районы) – is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the northern part of the republic. The administrative center is the city of Arsk.

The district has several natural monuments including the source of the Kazanka river, Yanga-Salinsky slope, the Korsin grey heron colony, Tukai-kyrlay forest, Ayu Urmany, Kazanka and Shoshma rivers.
Rick Hampton
Richard Charles Hampton (born June 14, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in King, Ontario, and attended King City Secondary School.

Hampton started his National Hockey League (NHL) career with the California Golden Seals in 1974, staying with the team when it relocated to become the Cleveland Barons; he later played for the Los Angeles Kings. He left the NHL after the 1979–80 season. He played several more seasons in the minor leagues and retired from hockey after playing the 1983–84 season with the Rochester Americans.

Cleveland Barons (NHL)
The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team based in Richfield, Ohio. They competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Adams Division in the Prince of Wales Conference (1976–1978). The Barons played at Richfield Coliseum. They were a relocation of the California Golden Seals franchise that had played in Oakland since 1967. After just two seasons, the team merged with the Minnesota North Stars (now the Dallas Stars). As a result, the NHL operated with 17 teams during the 1978–79 season.

Until 2024, the Barons were the last franchise in the NHL to cease operations. Ohio did not have another NHL team until the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league 22 years later in 2000.
Sigmund Freudenberger
Sigmund Freudenberger (16 June 1745 – 15 November 1801) was a Swiss painter and engraver. He was the son of a lawyer, and studied as a portraitist. He lived from 1765 to 1773 in Paris, where he worked with François Boucher and Jean-Michel Moreau. He then founded in a private art school in Bern and was known as "Little Master" for his genre-like depictions of rural life.

François Boucher
François Boucher (UK: /ˈbuːʃeɪ/ BOO-shay, US: /buːˈʃeɪ/ boo-SHAY; French: [fʁɑ̃swa buʃe]; 29 September 1703 – 30 May 1770) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher, who worked in the Rococo style. Boucher is known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories, and pastoral scenes. He was perhaps the most celebrated painter and decorative artist of the 18th century.
Peanut butter blossom cookie
The peanut butter blossom cookie, which originated in 1957, is made with a peanut butter cookie dough and is topped with a piece of chocolate candy. The cookie is considered a snack or dessert and is often served at events or during holidays in the United States.

The exact term "peanut butter blossom cookie" refers to the original variation of the cookie – a soft peanut butter cookie rolled in granulated sugar and topped with a Hershey's Kiss. However, many variations on the recipe have since evolved to include different flavors, both in the dough or as the topping.

The classic peanut butter blossom cookie can be easily adapted for different occasions.

Pillsbury Bake-Off
The Pillsbury Bake-Off is an American cooking contest, first run by the Pillsbury Company in 1949. It has been called "one of the most successful promotions in the history of the modern food business".
Great Bridge, West Midlands
Great Bridge is a historic village and district of Tipton in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell in the metropolitan county of the West Midlands, England. It is situated near the towns of Dudley, West Bromwich and Wednesbury.

Bilston
Bilston is a market town in the City of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands, England. It is in the Black Country, 2.5 miles (4 kilometres) south east of Wolverhampton city centre and close to the borders of Sandwell and Walsall. The town was known for enamelling from the mid-17th century, and is a former coal and iron mining district. Iron works dominated in Victorian times and the area became a centre for steel production. The town had a population of 34,639 at the 2021 Census.
Sam Teskey
Sam Teskey (born 1989) is an Australian blues musician, best known for his work with the Teskey Brothers. Sam won the ARIA Award for Engineer of the Year in 2019.

His debut studio album, Cycles, was released on 8 October 2021 via Ivy League Records.

Ivy League Records
Ivy League Records was an Australian record label based in Sydney. It was founded in 1997 by Pete Lusty, Andy Cassell and Andy Kelly. In 2024, the label was merged into Mushroom Music.

In the past, the label released music from the likes of The Vines, Red Riders, Bridezilla, Wild Billy Childish and the Buff Medways, The Silents, 78 Saab, The City Lights, The Whigs, Snob Scrilla and Neon and The John Reed Club. Ivy League is distributed by Universal Music Australia.

Ivy League albums have won the Australian Music Prize (AMP Award) twice via The Mess Hall and Cloud Control. The label has achieved gold/platinum albums via The Rubens, Josh Pyke and Lanie Lane. Other artists on the label include Alpine, Hatchie, The Teskey Brothers, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Tiny Little Houses, Bad Dreems, Sparkadia, Youth Group, 78 Saab, The City Lights, The Vines, and Hoolahan.
2003 Rugby World Cup warm-up matches
Throughout August 2003, various teams prepared for the Rugby World Cup in Australia with a short series of test matches, and involving the Six Nations sides. In addition, Fiji toured New Zealand and South America and Samoa played two matches with provincial teams of New Zealand. Argentina and South Africa played other, not international, Tests.

The tests replaced the Autumn international series in November, which does not take place in World Cup years. There were two tournaments involving teams that were preparing for the World Cup.

The 2003 Tri Nations, with Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

The Pan American championship with Argentina, Canada, United States, Uruguay

There were also a tour of Fiji in New Zealand and South America

Note: this article does not include international results not involving at least one side who had qualified for the 2003 World Cup

Christophe Dominici
Christophe Dominici (20 May 1972 – 24 November 2020) was a French rugby union player. In a career spanning seventeen years between 1991 and 2008, he played wing for Stade Français and France, scoring a total of 25 tries in 67 international caps, emerging as one of the giants of French rugby. He also served as a member of the coaching staff at Stade Français between 2008 and 2009. He had represented French clubs RC La Valette and RC Toulonnais earlier in his career.
Amber Kalirai
Amber Kalirai is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Nikki Patel, the character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 9 November 2005. In May 2011 it was announced that Patel had returned to filming and Amber appeared again from 11 July 2011. Patel made her final appearance as Amber on 23 March 2012.

Shobna Gulati
Shobna Gulati (born 7 August 1966) is an English actor and presenter. Gulati is known for playing Anita in dinnerladies and Sunita Alahan in the soap opera Coronation Street from 2001 to 2013. They also played Mari Hoff in the 2006 UK Tour of The Rise and Fall of Little Voice. From 2013 to 2014, Gulati appeared as a panellist on the lunchtime talk show Loose Women. They took over the role of Ray in the West End production of Everybody's Talking About Jamie in 2019 and also reprised the role for the film adaptation. Most recently, they played the role of Nima in Hullraisers and reprised the role of Ray in Everybody's Talking About Jamie for its 2023–2024 UK and Ireland Tour.

Gulati was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2024 Birthday Honours for services to the cultural industries.
Viper (TV series)
Viper is an American action-adventure television series about a special United States task force set up by the federal government to fight crime in the fictional city of Metro City, California, that is perpetually under siege from one crime wave after another. The weapon used by this task force is an urban assault vehicle that masquerades as a Dodge Viper RT/10 roadster and coupe (later, the Viper GTS). The series takes place in "the near future". The primary brand of vehicles driven in the show were Chrysler or subsidiary companies. The series ran on NBC for one season in 1994 before being revived two years later for three more seasons of first-run syndication. Reruns of the series have appeared on Sci-Fi Channel and USA Network.

The Viper Defender "star car" was designed by Chrysler Corporation engineers unlike most Hollywood film/television cars that are usually customized by film picture designers. The exterior design of the car was produced by Chrysler stylist Steve Ferrerio.

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
Shrewsbury High School (Massachusetts)
Shrewsbury High School is a public high school located in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only public high school in the Shrewsbury Public Schools district.
It is a large school offering a wide variety of electives and extracurricular activities. Shrewsbury High School placed 27th in the list of 21,035 high schools that U.S News reviewed in 2013. The current principal is Todd Bazydlo. Shrewsbury High School is part of Shrewsbury Public Schools, the current superintendent of which is Dr. Joseph Sawyer.

Superintendent (education)
In the American education system, a superintendent or superintendent of schools is an administrator of a school district, a local government body overseeing public schools. All school principals in a respective school district report to the superintendent.

The role and powers of the superintendent vary among areas according to Sharp and Walter, a popularly held opinion is that "the most important role of the board of education is to hire its superintendent."
Jasbir Puar
Jasbir K. Puar (born 1967) is an American academic and author. She is Professor and Graduate Director of Women's and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her most recent book is The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability (2017). 
She has written on South Asian diasporic cultural production in the United States, United Kingdom and Trinidad, LGBT tourism, terrorism studies, surveillance studies, biopolitics and necropolitics, disability and debilitation, theories of intersectionality, affect, and assemblage; animal studies and posthumanism, homonationalism, pinkwashing, and the Palestinian territories.

Posthumanism
Posthumanism or post-humanism (meaning "after humanism" or "beyond humanism") is an idea in continental philosophy and critical theory responding to the presence of anthropocentrism in 21st-century thought.