hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albany Advertiser
The Albany Advertiser, also published as the Australian Advertiser and the Albany Advertiser and Plantagenet and Denmark Post, is a biweekly English language newspaper published for Albany and the Great Southern region in Western Australia.

First published in 1888 as the Albany Advertiser, the paper is still in circulation.: 591  The paper is the oldest continuous-running non-metropolitan newspaper in Western Australia.

The paper is printed twice weekly, on Tuesday and Thursday, and distributed to towns through the Great Southern region including Albany, Cranbrook, Mount Barker, Jerramungup, Ravensthorpe, Katanning and Walpole.

The office of the newspaper is called Newspaper House and is located in the main street York Street, Albany.

Mount Barker, Western Australia
Mount Barker is a town and locality on Albany Highway and the administrative centre of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Mount Barker had a population of 2,855.

The town was named after the nearby hill, which in turn was named in 1829 by Thomas Braidwood Wilson in honour of Captain Collet Barker, who was in command of Western Australia's original British settlement at King George's Sound from 1829 to 1831.
Leonard Bailey (inventor)
Leonard Bailey (May 8, 1825 in Hollis, New Hampshire – February 5, 1905 in New York City) was a toolmaker and cabinet maker from Massachusetts, United States, who in the mid-to-late nineteenth century patented several features of woodworking equipment.  Most prominent of those patents were the planes manufactured by the Stanley Rule & Level Co. (now Stanley Black & Decker) of New Britain, Connecticut.

Commonly known as Stanley Bailey planes, these planes were prized by woodworkers of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, and remain popular among today's wood craftspeople.  A type study of his patented planes and the rest of the Stanley line may be found at Patrick Leach's "Blood and Gore".

Bailey's design ideas are still used by Stanley and other plane manufacturers to this day.

Stanley Black & Decker
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., formerly known as The Stanley Works, is an American manufacturer of industrial tools and household hardware, and a provider of security products. Headquartered in the Greater Hartford city of New Britain, Connecticut, Stanley Black & Decker is the result of the merger of The Stanley Works and Black & Decker on March 12, 2010.
Jõgeva (small borough)
Jõgeva is a small borough (alevik) in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.

It is the site of Jõgeva manor house, built in the 19th century. Around the main building of the manor, there are several other buildings, including an old watermill, built in the end of 18th century. The site is under state protection as cultural monument.

Populated places in Estonia
Populated places in Estonia are cities or settlement units of rural municipalities, but only cities have administrative functions. Settlement units are divided into settlements and urban regions (subdivisions of cities).

Officially there are four types of settlement unit in Estonia:

village (küla) – a sparsely populated settlement or a densely populated settlement with fewer than 300 permanent inhabitants

small borough (alevik) – a densely populated settlement with at least 300 permanent inhabitants

town (alev) – a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants

city (linn) - a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants.

As of 2024, there were 47 cities, 13 towns, 186 hamlets and 4457 villages in Estonia. There were 3 cities with under 1000 permanent inhabitants as of 2023.
Patrick Duprat
Patrick Duprat is a Mayotte politician. Formerly a sub-prefect of the French commune of Yssingeaux, Duprat was appointed Secretary-General of the Prefecture of Mayotte on 10 May 2010. He then served as acting Prefect between 4 July and 21 July 2011, from the end of Hubert Derache's tenure to the appointment of Thomas Degos.

Yssingeaux
Yssingeaux (French pronunciation: [isɛ̃ʒo] ⓘ; Occitan: Sinjau) is a commune and subprefecture in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.

It is situated between Le Puy-en-Velay and Firminy.
Lee Sang-min (politician, born 1958)
Lee Sang-min (Korean: 이상민; 22 January 1958 – 15 October 2025) was a South Korean politician. A member of the Uri Party, the United Democratic Party, and the Democratic Party, he served in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2024.

Lee died from a cardiac arrest in Yuseong District, on 15 October 2025, at the age of 67.

Yuseong District
Yuseong District (Korean: 유성구; RR: Yuseong-gu) is a gu ("district") of Daejeon, South Korea, known for high tech industries, Daejeon Expo '93, Daedeok Science Town and the Yuseong Special Tourism District. Daejeon Islamic Center is also located in Kung-dong, Yuseong District. The Science Town is the core of the International Science and Business Belt.
Rae Dunn (brand)
Rae Dunn is a retail home wares brand founded by ceramist Rae Dunn in 1995. Its product line features a range of products including pillows, frames, and pet products, among other items, and is best known for its ceramic mugs and containers. All of the brand's items are also noted for featuring simple phrases emblazoned on them.

These products are exclusively found in retail stores operated by TJX Companies (such as T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, and HomeGoods).

Marshalls
Marshalls, Inc. is an American chain of off-price department stores owned by TJX. Marshalls has over 1,000 American stores, including larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store (stores operating with HomeGoods combined), covering 49 states and Puerto Rico, and 61 stores in Canada. Marshalls first expanded into Canada in March 2011.

Marshalls is one of the largest U.S. off-price family apparel and home fashion retailers, along with its sister company, TJ Maxx. Its slogan is "Get the good stuff".
Paikuli inscription
The Paikuli inscription (Kurdish: پەیکوڵی, romanized: Peykulî, Persian: پایکولی, in Arabic: بيكولي) is a bilingual text corpus in Parthian and Middle Persian, inscribed on the stone blocks of the Paikuli Tower's walls. The tower is located in the southern part of Iraqi Kurdistan, near the modern-day village of Barkal in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. These inscribed stone blocks are now housed in the Sulaymaniyah Museum, with the field only containing the stones used in the tower’s construction. The inscription was erected as a monument to victory and explains how and why the Sasanian emperor Narseh overthrew his grandnephew from power.

In 293 Narses marched from Armenia in open revolt against his nephew with a host of supporters and allies, whose names are recorded on the Paikuli inscription.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Richard O. Spertzel
Richard Oscar Spertzel (9 February 1933 – 24 March 2016) was a veterinarian, microbiologist and expert in the area of biological warfare. He participated in germ warfare research at U.S. Army Medical Unit (USAMU), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. (USAMU is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, or USAMRIID).

Spertzel held several positions USAMRIID including Deputy for Research, Deputy Commander, and Chief of the Animal Assessment Division. From 1994 to 1998 Spertzel served as the Senior Biologist for the United Nations Special Commission in Iraq. His Congressional testimonial about the WMD capabilities of Iraq helped to justify the subsequent US invasion of Iraq. After the invasion, Spertzel was a member of the Iraq Survey Group, which found that Iraq was not producing nor planning to produce WMD at the time of the invasion.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Schumann resonances conspiracy theories
Schumann Resonance conspiracy theories are a family of claims that misrepresent the physics of Schumann resonances - natural, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic resonances of the Earth–ionosphere cavity - as evidence that “time is speeding up,” that a 24-hour day now “feels like” or has become ~16 hours, or that fluctuations near ~7.83 Hz directly entrain or transform human biology and consciousness. These narratives spread in New Age, wellness and conspiracy communities from the mid-2010s onward, often citing online spectrograms to claim that “whiteouts” or “blackouts” mark global energetic events. Science writers and fact-checking outlets describe these interpretations as unfounded: Schumann resonances are chiefly driven by lightning and ionospheric conditions, and measured changes in the length of day are milliseconds, not hours.

Fact-checking
Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking.

Research suggests that fact-checking can indeed correct perceptions among citizens, as well as discourage politicians from spreading false or misleading claims. However, corrections may decay over time or be overwhelmed by cues from elites who promote less accurate claims. Political fact-checking is sometimes criticized as being opinion journalism.
Santi Filippo e Giacomo, Naples
Santi Filippo e Giacomo is a Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy, located on Via San Biagio dei Librai, near the churches of San Biagio Maggiore and Santa Luciella.

In 1593, the church was commissioned by local merchants and tradesman in the zone. The church we see today is the product of a 1758 reconstruction by Gennaro Papa. The concave/convex facade recalls the style of Borromini; and the top level niches hold statues of Religion and Faith by Giuseppe Picano, while the lower level has statues of St Phillip and St James by Giuseppe Sanmartino. The pavement was designed by Giuseppe Massa, and the holy water fonts by Domenico Antonio Vaccaro. The frescoes in the choir, nave and walls were completed by Jacopo Cestaro. He also painted the Evangelists on the cupola and St Phillip and Jacob in the presbytery.

Giuseppe Sanmartino
Giuseppe Sanmartino or Sammartino (1720 – 12 December 1793) was a prominent Italian sculptor in Naples during the late Baroque period who focused on religious sculptures. His most famous work is the Veiled Christ (1753) in Sansevero Chapel in Naples.
Julius Akosah
Julius Pongla Akosah (Chinese: 亞古沙 Akosah, born (1982-10-16)16 October 1982 ) is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as an amateur for Hong Kong Second Division club Fu Moon. His position was striker. He was once called up by Cameroon in 2006. Hong Kong football fans commonly use Agumon as a nickname for him because of his transcriptional name.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
Qumayra
Qumayra (Arabic: قميرا) is a locality in Dhank Province, Ad Dhahirah Governorate, Oman. Qumayra has two mosques, a school, a community center and 49 other buildings. Qumayra also has four roads, one connecting Qumayra to the main highway system and one cul-de-sac leading into the Al Hajar Mountains. Qumayra has a nearby mountain with the same name called Lujmat Qumayrā.

Alternative names for Qumayra are Qumayrah, Qumayrā, Qymra.

Qumayra has a BWh hot desert climate.

Qumayra's region also has architecturally unique tombs and stone formations from the early bronze age.

Hajar Mountains
The Hajar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains or The Stone Mountains) are one of the highest mountain ranges in the Arabian Peninsula, shared between northern Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates. Also known as "Oman Mountains", they separate the low coastal plain of Oman from the high desert plateau, and lie 50–100 km (31–62 miles) inland from the Gulf of Oman.
Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.

Plant (control theory)
A plant in control theory is the combination of process and actuator. A plant is often referred to with a transfer function
(commonly in the s-domain) which indicates the relation between an input signal and the output signal of a system without feedback, commonly determined by physical properties of the system. An example would be an actuator with its transfer of the input of the actuator to its physical displacement. In a system with feedback, the plant still has the same transfer function, but a control unit and a feedback loop (with their respective transfer functions) are added to the system.
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, Inc.
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, 320 F.3d 1317 (Fed. Cir. 2003), was a U.S. Court of Appeals Federal Circuit case involving Harold L. Bowers (doing business as HLB Technology) and Baystate Technologies over patent infringement, copyright infringement, and breach of contract.  In the case, the court found that Baystate had breached their contract by reverse engineering Bower's program, something expressly prohibited by a shrink wrap license that Baystate entered into upon purchasing a copy of Bower's software. This case is notable for establishing that license agreements can preempt fair use rights as well as expand the rights of copyright holders beyond those codified in US federal law.

Breach of contract
Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. Breach occurs when a party to a contract fails to fulfill its obligation(s), whether partially or wholly, as described in the contract, or communicates an intent to fail the obligation or otherwise appears not to be able to perform its obligation under the contract. Where there is breach of contract, the resulting damages have to be paid to the aggrieved party by the party breaching the contract.

If a contract is rescinded, parties are legally allowed to undo the work unless doing so would directly charge the other party at that exact time.
Elina (musician)
Elina Stridh (born 16 March 1994), known mononymously as Elina, is a Swedish singer-songwriter. Elina's songwriting credits include the Billboard top 10 hit "What Lovers Do" by Maroon 5 featuring SZA and the multiplatinum single "Sexual" by Neiked featuring Dyo. Elina started releasing her own music in 2018.

What Lovers Do
"What Lovers Do" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer SZA. It was released on August 30, 2017, as the third single from the band's sixth studio album Red Pill Blues (2017). The song contains an interpolation of the 2016 song "Sexual" by Neiked featuring Dyo, therefore Victor Rådström, Dyo and Elina Stridh are credited as songwriters. The song received positive reviews, particularly for its catchy, funky sound and the chemistry between the two artists.
1974 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Arthur Ashe was the defending champion of the singles event at the ABN World Tennis Tournament, but did not participate in this edition.

Second-seeded Tom Okker won the title, defeating Third-seeded Tom Gorman in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Tom Gorman (tennis)
Tom Gorman (born January 19, 1946) is a retired ATP tour American tennis player and coach. He won 7 singles and 9 doubles titles and reached semi-finals in the 3 of the 4 ATP tour grand slam events. His ATP ranking peaked at 8 in 1973.
Lauren Hew
Lauren Hew (born 26 September 1999) is a swimmer from the Cayman Islands.

In 2019, she represented Cayman Islands at the World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events. In both events she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the 4 × 100 metre mixed freestyle relay event. In the same year, she also represented the Cayman Islands at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Fenwick, Kyloe
Fenwick is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kyloe near Berwick-upon-Tweed, in Northumberland, England. Fenwick lies only three miles from Holy Island, Lindisfarne and the world-famous heritage coastline. Fenwick lies alongside St Cuthberts Way, on which the monk St Cuthbert made his passage through Fenwick to the Holy Island. Fenwick's location meant it saw its fair share of skirmishes during the border raids from Scots.

Lindisfarne
Lindisfarne, also known as Holy Island, is a tidal island off the northeast coast of England, which constitutes the civil parish of Holy Island in Northumberland. Holy Island has a recorded history from the 6th century AD; it was an important centre of Celtic Christianity under Saints Aidan, Cuthbert, Eadfrith, and Eadberht of Lindisfarne. The island was originally home to a monastery, which was destroyed during the Viking invasions but re-established as a priory following the Norman Conquest of England. Other notable sites built on the island are St Mary the Virgin parish church (originally built in 635 CE and restored in 1860), Lindisfarne Castle, several lighthouses and other navigational markers, and a complex network of lime kilns. The island is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and a hotspot for historical tourism and bird watching.
John Lingshaw
John George Lingshaw (4 September 1909 – 1975) was a British collaborator who worked in Germany on Nazi propaganda during World War II. In 1946, he was convicted of offences under the Defence Regulations and sentenced to five years penal servitude.

Wartime collaboration
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime. As historian Gerhard Hirschfeld says, it "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory".

The term collaborator dates to the 19th century and was used in France during the Napoleonic Wars. The meaning shifted during World War II to designate traitorous collaboration with the enemy. The related term collaborationism is used by historians who restrict the term to a subset of ideological collaborators in Vichy France who actively promoted German victory.
Yohan Goutt Gonçalves
Yohan Carlos Goutt Gonçalves (born 20 December 1994) is an East Timorese alpine skier. Born in France, Goutt Gonçalves qualified to compete for Timor-Leste at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. By doing so, he became the first athlete ever to qualify from the country at the Winter Olympics. He also competed for East Timor at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang.

Goutt Gonçalves is the son of a French father, and his mother is from Timor-Leste, allowing him to compete for the latter country. His father's mother was Estonian Eva Goutt (maiden name Liiv), who is related to Estonian poet Juhan Liiv.

On 29 December 2013, in a race in Serbia, Goutt Gonçalves managed to lower his point total to below 140 and officially qualify for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Goutt Gonçalves decided against participating at the  2017 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships to participate at the 2017 Asian Winter Games, becoming the first athlete to represent Timor-Leste in the continental competition.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 were the 44th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships and were held from 6 to 19 February 2017 at Piz Nair in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The host city was selected at the FIS Congress in South Korea, on 31 May 2012. The other finalists were Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, and Åre, Sweden.

It was the fifth Alpine World Ski Championships at St. Moritz, after 1934, 1948, 1974, and 2003.
2022 Sydney Tennis Classic – Men's singles
Aslan Karatsev defeated Andy Murray in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the men's singles title at the 2022 Sydney Tennis Classic. This was Murray's first ATP final since he won the 2019 European Open.

Alex de Minaur was the defending champion from when the event was held in 2019, but withdrew before the tournament began.

2019 European Open – Singles
Andy Murray defeated Stan Wawrinka in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2019 European Open. It was Murray's first singles title since the 2017 Dubai Tennis Championships, his first appearance in an ATP Tour singles final and only title after his career-saving hip resurfacing operation, and his 46th and last ATP Tour-level title.

Kyle Edmund was the defending champion, but lost in the first round of qualifying to Norbert Gombos.