hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Mersey (1814)
The first HMS Mersey was a Conway-class 20-gun sixth-rate post ship, launched in 1814; she was re-rated as 26 guns in 1817. She was launched too late to see action in the Napoleonic War, though she nevertheless had a long and distinguished career that took her to Halifax Station in 1818 and then the South American station in 1824 until her departure in 1827, when she was then deployed to the Caribbean station from that year until 1831. She was eventually broken up in 1852.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
Dobrovlje, Braslovče
Dobrovlje (pronounced [dɔˈbɾoːljɛ]) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Braslovče in northern Slovenia. It lies in the hills west of Braslovče. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

There are two churches in the settlement. One is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul and belongs to the Parish of Braslovče. It dates to the 16th century with major 18th- and 19th-century rebuilding. The second church is dedicated to Saint Urban and belongs to the Parish of Nazarje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1426. The nave dates to the 17th century with some 19th-century adaptations.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden
The Budapest Zoo & Botanical Garden (Hungarian: Fővárosi Állat- és Növénykert, lit. 'Metropolitan Zoo and Botanical Garden') is the oldest zoo in Hungary and one of the oldest in the world.

It has 1,072 animal species and is located within the City Park of Budapest, in the centre of the city, unusual for a zoo.

The zoo opened on 9 August 1866. The park has 1–1.1 million visitors every year. The area is a nature reserve, and has some valuable Art Nouveau buildings designed by Kornél Neuschloss and Károly Kós. The most special animals that are present in the zoo are the Komodo dragon and since December 2011 the wombat.

The zoo is located in the city centre and can be reached by Line 1 of the Budapest Metro.

Official city card (Budapest Card) owners get a 25% discount for a single ticket into the zoo.

Metro Line M1 (Budapest Metro)
Line 1 (Officially: Millennium Underground Railway, Metro 1 or M1) is the oldest line of the Budapest Metro, built from 1894 to 1896. It is known locally as "the small underground" ("a kisföldalatti"), while the M2, M3 and M4 are called "metró". It was the first electrified underground on the European mainland, and the world's second oldest electrified underground after the London Underground. It was finished by April 1896 and was inaugurated by the emperor of Austria-Hungary, Franz Joseph on 3 May 1896.

Line 1 runs northeast from the city center on the Pest side under Andrássy út to the Városliget, or City Park. Like Line 3, it does not serve Buda. Its daily ridership is estimated at 80,000.
Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism
Studies in the Philosophy of Marxism (Russian: Очерки по философии марксизма) was an account of a seminar held by Vladimir Bazarov, Alexander Bogdanov, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Jakov Berman, Osip Gelfond, Pavel Yushkevich and Sergey Suvorov published in St Petersburg in 1908.

Vladimir Bazarov
Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 8 August [O. S. 27 July] 1874 – 16 September 1939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist. Born as Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev, Bazarov is best remembered as a pioneer in the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union. He was one of the Russian Machists, as Lenin dubbed the term, and was a close friend to Alexander Bogdanov.
West Lyn River
The West Lyn is a river in England which rises high in Exmoor, Somerset, and joins the East Lyn at Lynmouth in Devon.

The upper reaches have been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of the geomorphological landforms created in the 1952 flood.

The lower reaches of the river towards Lynmouth, known as the Glen Lyn Gorge, is a tourist attraction including a museum about the local water cycle, the floods of 1952, and a small hydroelectric plant.

Water is piped from the river to power the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway, a water-balance funicular railway.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
Aretusi
Aretusi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Aretusi, 17th century Italian painter

Cesare Aretusi (1549–1612), Italian painter

Pellegrino Aretusi (c. 1460–1523), Italian painter

Cesare Aretusi
Cesare Aretusi (1 September 1549 – 4 October 1612) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance period.

He was born in Modena and  trained with Bartolomeo Ramenghi (Bagnacavallo). Known primarily as a portrait painter, Aretusi also  painted the cupola of the cathedral of St. Peter in Bologna, where he was assisted by Giovanni Battista Fiorini. Luigi Lanzi describes Aretusi as the better colorist and Fiorini as the better designer. Aretusi restored the frescoes of Correggio for the tribune of the Cathedral of Parma, and made a copy of the famous La Notte painting by Correggio for the church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Parma. He died in 1612 in Parma.

The relationship of Cesare to the Modenese painters with the same surname, Pellegrino from the early 16th century or Alessandro Aretusi from the 17th, is unclear. Lanzi speculates he may have been the son of Pellegrino Aretusi.
Lucainena de las Torres Photovoltaic Power Station
The Lucainena de las Torres Photovoltaic Power Station (Spanish: Planta fotovoltaica de Lucainena de las Torres) is a photovoltaic power station in Lucainena de las Torres, Almería in Spain.  It consists of different units. Lucainena de las Torres 1 has a total capacity of 7.4 MWp and its annual output is about 11.42 GWh. It was commissioned in July 2008.  Lucainena de las Torres 2 has a total capacity of 7.9 MWpand its annual output is about 12.236 GWh.  It was commissioned in July 2008.

Lucainena de Las Torres
Lucainena de las Torres is a municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
Lucainena de las Torres belongs to the association "The Most Beautiful Villages of Spain".
Pel's fishing owl
Pel's fishing owl (Scotopelia peli) is a large species of owl in the family Strigidae, found in Africa. It lives near rivers and lakes, and feeds nocturnally on fish and frogs snatched from the surface of lakes and rivers. The species prefers slow-moving rivers with large, overhanging trees to roost in and forage from. It nests in hollows and the forks of large trees. Even though two eggs are laid, often only one chick is raised.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Property P conjecture
In geometric topology, the Property P conjecture is a statement about 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgery on a knot in the 3-sphere. A knot in the 3-sphere is said to have Property P if every 3-manifold obtained by performing (non-trivial) Dehn surgery on the knot is not simply-connected. The conjecture states that all knots, except the unknot, have Property P.

Research on Property P was started by R. H. Bing, who popularized the name and conjecture.

This conjecture can be thought of as a first step to resolving the Poincaré conjecture, since the Lickorish–Wallace theorem says any closed, orientable 3-manifold results from Dehn surgery on a link.
If a knot  has Property P, then one cannot construct a counterexample to the Poincaré conjecture by surgery along .

A proof was announced in 2004, as the combined result of efforts of mathematicians working in several different fields.

3-sphere
In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point. The interior of a 3-sphere is a 4-ball.

It is called a 3-sphere because topologically, the surface itself is 3-dimensional, even though it is curved into the 4th dimension. For example, when traveling on a 3-sphere, you can go north and south, east and west, or along a 3rd set of cardinal directions. This means that a 3-sphere is an example of a 3-manifold.
Christine Arron
Christine Arron (born 13 September 1973) is a French former track and field sprinter, who competed internationally for France in the 60 metres, 100 metres, 200 metres and the 4 × 100 metres relay. She is one of the fastest female 100 metres sprinters of all time with a time of 10.73 seconds set in 1998. At the time it made her the world's second-fastest female 100 metres sprinter of all time, and which as of October 2025 is still the European record. She set the record when winning at the 1998 European Championships, where she also won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay. Also in the relay, she is a 2003 World Championship gold medallist and a 2004 Olympic bronze medallist.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29, except for the marathons (run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium), the race walks (on the streets of Athens), and the shot put (held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium). A total of 46 events were contested, of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes.
Belvoir Amphitheatre
The Belvoir Amphitheatre is an open-air performance venue situated in Upper Swan, Western Australia, approximately 35 kilometres north-east of Perth, nestled in the scenic Swan Valley wine region. Surrounded by native bushland, it is known for its natural acoustics and terraced hillside setting, offering panoramic views of the stage and skyline.

The venue has been officially closed since Belvoir Homestead went up for sale in 2017, with occasional special events still being held.

Upper Swan, Western Australia
Upper Swan is an outer suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located 33 kilometres (21 mi) north-east of Perth's central business district in the City of Swan. The locality sits at the confluence of the Swan River, the Millendon Junction to Narngulu railway line and Great Northern Highway, which is where the main suburban townsite is located. The rest of the locality is characterised by rural and industrial land uses such as vineyards, equestrian estates and quarries.
Mouilleron-en-Pareds
Mouilleron-en-Pareds (French pronunciation: [mujʁɔ̃ ɑ̃ paʁɛ]) is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mouilleron-Saint-Germain. It is in the arrondissement of Fontenay-le-Comte.

It is known as the place of birth of Charles-Louis Largeteau (who contributed to the establishment of the Greenwich Meridian), Georges Clemenceau (head of the French government during World War I and who signed the Treaty of Versailles with Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and Woodrow Wilson) and Marshal Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (who later led the French First Army during the liberation of France with the Allied forces in 1945).

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Martin Bouz
Martin Bouz (born November 3, 1979) is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward.

Bouz played six gamed for HC Oceláři Třinec during the 2004–05 Czech Extraliga season, scoring one goal. He also played in the English Premier Ice Hockey League for the Guildford Flames and the Polska Hokej Liga for Naprzód Janów and TKH Toruń.

Guildford Flames
The Guildford Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Guildford, Surrey. They play their home games in the Guildford Spectrum and compete in the top-tier of hockey in the United Kingdom, the Elite Ice Hockey League.

Founded in October 1992, the Flames originally played in the second-tier leagues of British hockey, first the British National League until 2004, and subsequently the English Premier Ice Hockey League until 2017. On 24 February 2017 it was announced that the Flames would become the 12th Elite Ice Hockey League team, joining from the 2017–18 season.

The team's head coach is Paul Dixon, who took over after Stan Marple retired in 2007.
Carnivorous Erection
Carnivorous Erection is the second full-length album by goregrind band Regurgitate. It was released on 20 October 2000 by Relapse Records. The picture LP version was released in 2001 by Morbid Records. The album cover was named the worst album cover of all time by the staff of Pitchfork and was named one of 50 "most controversial and hard rock album covers" by Loudwire.

Relapse Records
Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990. The label features many grindcore, death metal, metalcore and sludge metal artists.
1999–2000 EHF Women's Champions League
The 1999–2000 EHF Women's Champions League was the seventh edition of the modern era of the premier competition for European national champions women's handball clubs, running from 1 October 1999 to 27 May 2000. Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Macedonia's Gjorce Petrov in the final to win its eighth title, with Budućnost Podgorica (which defeated defending champion Dunaferr NK in the quarter-finals) and Dynamo Volgograd also reaching the semifinals.

Dinamo Volgograd
Dinamo Volgograd (Russian: Динамо Волгоград) is a Russian women's handball club from Volgograd. Founded in 1972 as Burevestnik Volgograd, it represented Rotor Volgograd following the collapse of the Soviet Union and was subsequently named Aqva before taking its current name in 2003.

Dynamo is the most successful team in the Russian Super League with nine titles, and in the 2001-02 season it set a record winning all the matches. It in international competitions won three titles: the 1995 Challenge Cup and Champions Trophy and the 2008 EHF Cup. In 2000 it became the first Russian team to reach the Champions League's semifinals since the USSR's break-up.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Handball Federation banned Russian athletes, and the European Handball Federation suspended the  Russian clubs from competing in European handball competitions.
Cray Wanderers F.C.
Cray Wanderers Football Club is an English semi-professional football club based in Chislehurst, London.  Based on later reports, the club has a claim to have been established some time in 1860 in the twin villages of St Mary Cray and St Paul's Cray, near Orpington. Such a date would make it one of the oldest football clubs in the world. Cray Wanderers play their home games at Flamingo Park.

Cray Wanderers were Kent League champions four times, and have reached the fourth qualifying round of the FA Cup three times in their history. The club currently play in the Isthmian League Premier Division.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Einar Borch
Einar Gram Borch  (14 September 1870 – 1952) was a Norwegian land owner and politician.

He was born in Stavanger to Karl Tank Anker Borch and Sara Johanne Birkeland. He was elected representative to the Storting for the periods 1922–1924, 1925–1927 and 1937–1945, for the Farmers' Party.

Borch settled as farmer in Jevnaker, taking over the family estate Mo c.1890. He took part in local politics and served as mayor of Jevnaker 1902–1907.

He was a board member of the Norwegian Forestry Society, and member of the representative council of both Borregaard and Norges Bank.

Borch was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1934, and was honored with the Order of the White Rose of Finland.

Jevnaker
Jevnaker is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Jevnaker with a population of 4,302.

The parish of Jævnaker was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Lunner was separated from the municipality of Jevnaker on 1 January 1898 to form a municipality of its own. From 2020 to 2023 the municipality belonged to Viken county, it was Oppland before that.

Jevnaker Municipality (together with Gran Municipality and Lunner Municipality) a part of the traditional region of Hadeland. The Hadeland region has a population of about 30,000. The region spreads over a large area including several villages and towns.
Mahu Bey Urfali
Mahu Bey Urfali (Egyptian Arabic: محو أورفلي بك; died 1826) was an Egyptian military officer of Kurdish origin who participated in the Egyptian conquest of Sudan in 1820 and administered parts of the territory beginning in 1822.  He served as the province governor of Berber, located north of the junction of the Nile and Atbara Rivers, from 1822 to 1825.  In 1825 he was appointed acting commander of the Egyptian Army in the Sudan, and was sent to the junction of the Blue and White Nile at the emerging capital in Khartoum.  He ruled for less than a year because he died from smallpox in 1826.  His Arabic laqab, or toponymic nickname, "Urfali", suggests that he came from Urfa in what is now southeastern Turkey.

Arabic name
Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given, middle, and family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds.
Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn
The Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn (Arabic: ٱلْمَوَاقِع ٱلْأَثَرِيَّة فِيْ بَات وَٱلْخُطْم وَٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-Mawāqiʿ al-Athariyyah fī Bāt wal-Khuṭm wal-ʿAyn) are a group of beehive tombs or necropolis from the Hafit period in the 3rd Millennium BC, located near a palm grove in Oman. They were declared World Heritage by UNESCO in 1988, becoming only the second such Omani site after the Bahla Fort was designated world heritage in 1987.

Grove (nature)
A grove is a small group of trees with minimal or no undergrowth, or a small orchard planted for the cultivation of fruits or nuts. Naturally occurring groves are typically small, perhaps a few acres at most, such as a sequoia grove. In contrast, orchards, which are normally intentional planting of trees, may be small or very large, like the apple orchards in Washington state, orange groves in Florida and olive groves in Australia.

A grove may be called an 'arbour' or 'arbor', which is not to be confused with the garden structure pergola, which also sometimes goes under that name. Other words for groups of trees include woodland, woodlot, thicket, and stand. Groves often contain plant and animal species that have become extinct in adjacent areas, and they harbor great genetic diversity. Therefore, they have become biodiversity hotspots, as various species seek refuge in the areas due to progressive habitat destruction.
1975 Volvo International – Doubles
The 1975 Volvo International – Doubles was an event of the 1975 Volvo International tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts in North Conway, New Hampshire, in the United States, between August 4, and August 10, 1975. The draw comprised 20 teams. Jeff Borowiak and Rod Laver were the defending South Pacific Tennis Classic doubles champions but did not participate in this edition. The team of Haroon Rahim  and Erik van Dillen won the doubles title by defeating John Alexander and Phil Dent in the final, 6–3, 1–6, 7–5.

Haroon Rahim
Haroon Rahim (born 12 November 1949) is a Pakistani former tennis player. The former Pakistan and Asian No. 1. He was active from 1965 to 1978 and won 12 singles tour titles.

Rahim was the youngest tennis player ever to play for Pakistan in the Davis Cup at 15 years of age. He was also the highest ranking Pakistani tennis player (a career-high singles ranking of World No. 34 in October 1977). He led the UCLA team to victory with Jeff Borowiak and Jimmy Connors in 1970–71 and was 1971 NCAA doubles champion with Jeff Borowiak.