hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convolutional layer
In artificial neural networks, a convolutional layer is a type of network layer that applies a convolution operation to the input. Convolutional layers are some of the primary building blocks of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a class of neural network most commonly applied to images, video, audio, and other data that have the property of uniform translational symmetry.

The convolution operation in a convolutional layer involves sliding a small window (called a kernel or filter) across the input data and computing the dot product between the values in the kernel and the input at each position. This process creates a feature map that represents detected features in the input.

Feature (computer vision)
In computer vision and image processing, a feature is a piece of information about the content of an image; typically about whether a certain region of the image has certain properties. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general neighborhood operation or feature detection applied to the image. Other examples of features are related to motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or boundaries between different image regions.

More broadly a feature is any piece of information that is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. This is the same sense as feature in machine learning and pattern recognition generally, though image processing has a very sophisticated collection of features. The feature concept is very general and the choice of features in a particular computer vision system may be highly dependent on the specific problem at hand.
2010–11 Motherwell F.C. season
Motherwell competed in the Scottish Premier League, Scottish Cup, Scottish League Cup and UEFA Europa League during the 2010–11 season. This was the third consecutive season in which Motherwell had been involved in European competition, the first time this had happened in the club's 125-year history.

2010–11 Scottish League Cup
The 2010–11 Scottish League Cup is the 65th season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition, the Scottish League Cup, also known as the Co-operative Insurance Cup for sponsorship reasons. The competition started in July 2010 with the First Round and ended in Spring 2011 with the Final. Rangers are the current title holder, having beaten Celtic in the 2011 final.
1960 Leeds City Council election
The 1960 Leeds municipal elections were held on 12 May 1960, with one third of the council set to be re-elected.

A large swing of 5.5% to the Conservatives allowed them their first election victory since 1951 - having won the most votes in several elections since then, but never amounting to a majority of seats. The Conservatives made their six gains from Labour in the wards of Beeston, Bramley, Harehills, Stanningley, Westfield, Woodhouse and Wortley, halving Labour's majority of councillors from 24 to 12.

Elsewhere, the Liberals managed a post-war first of beating Labour to second place in Allerton and Far Headingley, and the first Independent candidate standing since the war, Dennis Peddar, made negligible impact in Westfield. Turnout fell sharply for this election - by nearly a quarter from the previous year - to a new low of 27.5%.

Stanningley
Stanningley is a district of Pudsey, West Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Leeds city centre on the A647 road, the original main road from Leeds to Bradford. The appropriate Leeds Metropolitan Ward is Bramley and Stanningley. The parish is part of the Anglican Diocese of Leeds.
Maamannan (soundtrack)
Maamannan is the soundtrack to the 2023 Tamil-language political drama film of the same name directed by Mari Selvaraj and starred Vadivelu, and Udhayanidhi Stalin. The music and original score is composed by A. R. Rahman, replacing Selvaraj's norm composer Santhosh Narayanan, for their first-time collaboration. Lyrics for the songs were written by Yugabharathi, while one song was written by Arivu. The album was released on 1 June 2023 at an audio launch event held in Chennai.

Maamannan
Maamannan (transl. Emperor) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language political drama film written and directed by Mari Selvaraj, and produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin'via Red Giant Movies. The film stars Vadivelu as the title character, along with Fahadh Faasil, Keerthy Suresh, and Udhayanidhi in his final acting credit.

The film was officially announced in March 2022, and principal photography commenced later that month; production wrapped in September 2022. The music was composed by A. R. Rahman, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Theni Eswar and Selva R. K., respectively.

Maamannan was released in theatres on 29 June 2023. The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success.
Res Philosophica
Res Philosophica  (formerly The Modern Schoolman) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all major areas of philosophy from antiquity to the present. Established in 1925, it is one of the oldest philosophy publications in North America. The journal publishes both articles and reviews, and occasionally publishes special issues on specific topics. Contributors include Robert Audi, Lynne Rudder Baker, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Étienne Gilson, Jürgen Habermas, Norman Kretzmann, Bernard Lonergan, Jacques Maritain, Wildrid Parsons, Kristin Shrader-Frechette, Paul Draper, and Nicholas Wolterstorff.  The journal is published by the philosophy department at Saint Louis University, in cooperation with the Philosophy Documentation Center.

In 2013, beginning with volume 90, The Modern Schoolman was relaunched as Res Philosophica.

Étienne Gilson
Étienne Henri Gilson (French: [ʒilsɔ̃]; 13 June 1884 – 19 September 1978) was a Catholic, French philosopher and historian of philosophy. A scholar of medieval philosophy, he originally specialised in the thought of Descartes; he also philosophized in the "existential" tradition of Thomas Aquinas, although he did not consider himself a neo-Thomist philosopher. In 1946, he attained the distinction of being elected an "Immortal" (member) of the Académie française. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

In 2009, the International Étienne Gilson Society was created "to promote the thought of Étienne Gilson and classical philosophy in the academy and culture." It publishes a journal, Studia Gilsoniana.
Boy Alone
Boy Alone is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer Omah Lay. It was released on 14 July 2022, by Keyqaad and Sire Records, while its deluxe edition was released on 15 June 2023. The standard edition features guest appearances from Tay Iwar and Justin Bieber, while the deluxe edition features guest appearances from Ozuna and Aitch. Production was handled by Niphkeys, Tempoe, Semzi, Orlandoh, P.Priime, P2J, Tunesfactory, Harv, Sammy SoSo, BGRZ, Debox and Avedon. The album serves as a follow-up to his second EP, What Have We Done (2020).

Niphkeys
Adebajo Oluwanifemi Adebanjo (born 6 March 1994), professionally known as Niphkeys, is a Nigerian record producer. Niphkeys started music professionally as a producer in 2016 and has worked with BNXN, Naira Marley, MohBad, Zinoleesky and other artists.
Fissilobiceras
Fissilobiceras ist ein glatter, komprimierter, involuter Ammonit aus dem unteren mittleren Jura  (Aalenium/Bajocium) Europas, der 1919 von Buckman benannt wurde. Fissilobiceras gehört zur Familie der Hildoceratoiden (Hammatoceratidae).

Fissilobiceras is similar to Shirbuirnia, except primarily for being more involute and having complex sutures. More of the inner whorls show in Shirbuirnia and its sutures are simple. Fissilobiceras also has a low keel running along the venter and only a small part of the inner whorls are exposed in the small umbilicus.

Hildoceratoidea
Hildoceratoidea, formerly Hildoceratacaea, is a superfamily of  compressed or planulate ammonites, some tending to develop acute outer rims; generally with arcuate or sigmoidal ribs. Aptichus were found in place are double-valved.

Hildoceratoidea is an upper Lower to lower Middle Jurassic group belonging to the Ammonitina that unites the Hildoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, and Sonniniidae. In some taxonomies the name Phymatoceratidae is substituted for the Hammatoceratidae

Hildoceratidae, which is the ancestral family, is derived from the Acanthopleuroceratinae, a subfamily in the Eoderoceratoidean family, Polyorphitidae. The Stephanoceratoidea, Perisphinctoidea, and Haploceratoidea have their source in the Hammatoceratidae which is derived from the Hildoceratidae.
The Eminence
The Eminence is an historic estate house located on a 5.6 acre riverfront parcel at 122 Islington Road in the village of Auburndale in Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1853, it was designed by noted Boston architect Hammatt Billings in the Italian Villa style of architecture, and is one of two surviving high-style Italianate estate houses in the Auburndale area.  It was purchased, in unfinished state, by Thomas Hall, a magnetic instrument maker, in 1853.

On September 4, 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
The Online College
The Online College is part of The Sheffield College in South Yorkshire, England. It runs a number of courses that are delivered online ranging from basic English and numeracy skills to Foundation Degrees leading to BA Hons Degrees in partnership with Sheffield Hallam University.

The College has been offering online learning to learners and their employers since 1997. All courses lead to nationally recognised qualifications.

Sheffield Hallam University
Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The university is based on two sites; the City Campus is located in the city centre near Sheffield railway station, while the Collegiate Crescent Campus is about two miles away in the Broomhall Estate off Ecclesall Road in south-west Sheffield. A third campus at Brent Cross Town in the London Borough of Barnet is expected to open for the 2025–26 academic year.

The university is the 14th largest university in the UK (out of 169) with 30,765 students (of whom 4,400 are international students), 4,494 staff and 708 courses.
Guglielmo Lorenzi
Guglielmo Lorenzi (Nonza, Corsica 1734 - Valletta, Malta January 14, 1799) was a Maltese corsair and naval officer of Corsican origin. He was one of the most prominent Maltese corsairs of the 18th century, during a time when the practice of corsairing in Malta, known as the Corso, was in general decline. He became an officer of the Imperial Russian Navy in 1789 and led a squadron in the Russo-Turkish War. After retiring to Malta at the end of this war in 1792, Lorenzi became one of the leaders of an abortive uprising against the French occupation of Malta and was executed by firing squad in Valetta in 1799.

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). It took place concomitantly with the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), and the Theatre War.

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich, took Khadjibey and Yeni Dünya for the Russian Empire. In 1794, Odesa replaced Khadjibey by a decree of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great.

Russia formally gained possession of the Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) in 1792 and it became a part of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. The Russian Empire retained full control of Crimea, as well as land between the Southern Bug and the Dniester.
Institute for Applied Theatre Studies
The Institute for Applied Theatre Studies (Angewandte Theaterwissenschaft, ATW) is part of the Justus Liebig University Gießen. It offers three different degree programs: a three-year Bachelor's program, Applied Theatre Studies, and two two-year Master's programs, Applied Theatre Studies and Choreography and Performance (CuP).   Each course places equal importance on academic and artistic practice. In seminars, reading courses and tutorials, students asked to engage with theoretical issues, while in performance projects, practical courses and workshops they experiment with different artistic approaches. Courses in the humanities and cultural studies offered by the university are also incorporated into each program. In choreography and performance, certain practical classes are organized in cooperation with the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts (Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Frankfurt am Main), where these classes will also be held.

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Dwarka Nath Mitra
Dwarka Nath Mitra (1833 - 25 February 1874) was a famous lawyer and judge of the Calcutta High Court.

Dwarka Nath Mitra was born in 1833 in Hooghly district and educated at Hooghly College where he excelled in mathematics and English literature. He studied law at Presidency College and joined the bar at the Sadr Diwani Adalat in 1856. He was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1867 at the age of 34 after the death of Sambhunath Pandit, the first Indian judge of the Calcutta High Court. Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India, described Dwarka Nath Mitra as one of the most brilliant men he had ever met and said if Mitra were "put ... in a trio with Gladstone and Lowe ... would not be the least clever of the three."  He died at the age of 41 on 25 February 1874.

Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook
Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook, GCSI, PC, FRS (22 January 1826 – 15 November 1904) was a British Liberal politician and statesman who served as Viceroy of India 1872–1876.

His major accomplishments came as an energetic reformer who was dedicated to upgrading the quality of government in the British Raj. He reduced taxes and overcame bureaucratic obstacles in an effort to reduce both starvation and widespread social unrest. He also served as First Lord of the Admiralty between 1880 and 1885.
Else Repål
Else Marie Myhren Repål (20 February 1930, in Ringsaker – 19 April 2015) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hedmark in 1969, and was re-elected on two occasions. She served as a deputy representative during the term 1981–1985. She settled in Rena in Åmot Municipality and chaired the municipal party chapter from 1968 to 1969.

Ringsaker Municipality
Ringsaker (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Brumunddal. Other settlements in Ringsaker include the town of Moelv and the villages of Furnes, Kvål, Kylstad, Mesnali, Nydal, Rudshøgda, Stavsjø, Tingnes, and Byflaten.

The 1,280-square-kilometre (490 sq mi) municipality is the 77th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ringsaker Municipality is the 30th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 35,911. The municipality's population density is 28.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Bujar Nishani
Bujar Faik Nishani (Albanian pronunciation: [bujaɾ ni'ʃani]; 29 September 1966 – 28 May 2022) was an Albanian politician who served as President of Albania from 2012 to 2017.

Nishani was the youngest person to have been chosen as president of Albania, taking office at the age of 47. Before his election as president, Nishani held a number of governmental and diplomatic positions. Namely, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs from 2007 to 2009, and again between 2011 and 2012, as well as Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2011.

Democratic Party of Albania
The Democratic Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë, PDSH), also known as the Democratic Party (Albanian: Partia Demokratike, PD), is a conservative political party in Albania. It has been the largest opposition party in the country since 2013, and is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Socialist Party.

The Democratic Party of Albania was founded in 1990 as a strongly anti-communist party with the majority of its followers being from politically persecuted dissidents of the Communist dictatorial regime of Enver Hoxha. In international relations, it is an associate member of the European People's Party and a full member of International Democracy Union.
Hugo Omar Seleme
Hugo Seleme (born 1968, Cordoba, Argentina) is an Argentinean political philosopher professor of Ethics and Jurisprudence at Cordoba National University, Argentina. He is researcher at CONICET (Argentinean National Council for Sciences and Technology), and visiting professor at Pompeu Fabra University) School of Law, Barcelona, Spain and Heidelberg Center for Latin America. He has been a visiting scholar at Ohio University and researcher collaborator at Princeton University Center for Human Values. He has also had visiting positions at Alcalá University and Chile University. Currently, he is working on a book related to international distributive justice.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Dorymolpus
Dorymolpus is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Spilopyrinae. It contains only one species, Dorymolpus elizabethae. It is found only in Chile, in the Valdivian temperate rain forest of the Valdivia and Chiloé provinces.

The generic name comes from the Greek dory ("spear") and molpus, a contraction of "Eumolpinae". The species is dedicated to Dr. Elizabeth Arias, an entomologist at the University of California, Berkeley who collected specimens of the species.

Both adults and larvae have been found on trees in the genus Nothofagus.

Valdivian temperate forests
The Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404) is an ecoregion on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Neotropical realm. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia. The Valdivian temperate rainforests are characterized by their dense understories of bamboos, ferns, and for being mostly dominated by evergreen angiosperm trees with some deciduous specimens, though conifer trees are also common.
Charles Reisner
Charles Francis Reisner (March 14, 1887 – September 24, 1962) was an American film director and actor of the 1920s and 1930s.

The German-American directed over 60 films between 1920 and 1950 and acted in over 20 films between 1916 and 1929. He starred with Charlie Chaplin in A Dog's Life in 1918 and The Kid in 1921.

He directed Buster Keaton (Keaton also co-directed it with him) in Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928). During the late 1920s, through the 1940s, Reisner was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1930, he directed Chasing Rainbows, a musical which starred  Bessie Love and Charles King. He directed The Big Store (1941), the Marx Brothers' last film for MGM.

Reisner died of a heart attack in La Jolla, California in 1962 at the age of 75.

Bessie Love
Bessie Love (born Juanita Horton; September 10, 1898 – April 26, 1986) was an American-British actress who achieved prominence playing innocent, young girls and wholesome leading ladies in silent and early sound films. Her acting career spanned nearly seven decades—from silent film to sound film, including theatre, radio, and television—and her performance in The Broadway Melody (1929) earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.
Paraffin oxidation
Paraffin oxidation is a historical industrial process for the production of synthetic fatty acids. The fatty acids are further processed to consumer products such as soaps and fats as well as to lubricating greases for technical applications. Coal slack wax, a saturated, high molecular weight hydrocarbon mixture and by-product of the Fischer–Tropsch process was used as raw material. Side products were a wide range of carboxylic acids and oxidation products such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, or ketones. The oxidation of paraffins was carried out in the liquid phase by molecular oxygen, e.g. by aerating with oxygen or atmospheric air, in the presence of catalysts such as permanganates, e.g. 0.1% - 0.3% potassium permanganate, at temperatures in the range of about 100 to 120 °C and under atmospheric pressure.

Permanganate
A permanganate (/pərˈmæŋɡəneɪt, pɜːr-/) is a chemical compound with the manganate(VII) ion, MnO−4, the conjugate base of permanganic acid. Because the manganese atom has a +7 oxidation state, the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidising agent. The ion is a transition metal ion with a tetrahedral structure. Permanganate solutions are purple in colour and are stable in neutral or slightly alkaline media.
Dust Brothers
The Dust Brothers were a pair of songwriters and producers consisting of E.Z. Mike (Michael Simpson) and King Gizmo (John King). They were famous for the sample-based music they produced in the 1980s and 1990s, and specifically for their work on the albums Paul's Boutique by Beastie Boys, Odelay, Midnite Vultures and Guero by Beck, the soundtrack to Fight Club, and "MMMBop" by Hanson. They were based in Los Angeles, California.

Midnite Vultures
Midnite Vultures is the seventh studio album by American musician Beck, released on November 16, 1999, by DGC Records. While similar to most of Beck's previous albums in its exploration of widely varying styles, it did not achieve the same blockbuster success as his breakthrough album Odelay, but was still critically acclaimed and commercially successful.