hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gamma Sigma
Gamma Sigma Fraternity International (ΓΣ), was the first international secondary or high school fraternity. Initially founded as a literary society in 1869 at the Brockport State Normal School in Brockport, New York, it had chapters at normal school and high schools in the United States and Canada. The fraternity no longer has active chapters at the secondary school level; however, it has an active alumni association based in Canada.

Literary society
A literary society is a group of people interested in literature. In the modern sense, this refers to a orgaization which promotes the reception of a genre of writing or a specific author. Modern literary societies typically promote research, publish newsletters, and hold meetings where findings can be presented and discussed. Some are more academic and scholarly, while others are more social groups of amateurs who appreciate a chance to discuss their favourite writer with other hobbyists.

Historically, "literary society" has also referred to salons such as those of Madame de Stael, Madame Geoffrin and Madame de Tencin in Ancien Regime France, though these could more accurately be considered literary circles or coteries. Another meaning was of college literary societies, student groups specific to the United States.

The oldest formal societies for writing and promoting poetry are the chambers of rhetoric in the Low Countries, which date back to the Middle Ages.
Louis Otey
Louis Otey (born 22 November 1954) is an American baritone singer born in South Dakota. He performed at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera and other major international companies.

He is notable for his performances in operas by Gian Carlo Menotti: he has performed in The Consul in the Teatro Verdi in Trieste, Italy, and at the Edinburgh Festival, the role of Donato in Maria Golovin for the Greek National Opera and the Spoleto Festival USA, three male roles in La Loca for the Spoleto Festival, Abdul in The Last Savage, and Martín Zapater in the world premiere of Goya at the Kennedy Center.

Otey is co-founder and Artistic Director of the Phoenicia International Festival of the Voice.

La Loca (opera)
La Loca (The Madwoman), also known as Juana la Loca (Crazy Joanna), is an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti, composed in 1979. It is a romantic drama about the life of Joanna of Castile (1479–1555). It was written as a vehicle for soprano Beverly Sills and received its premiere on June 3, 1979, at the San Diego Opera, followed by the New York City Opera. Critical response was largely negative, so Menotti completely reworked it. The revised version premiered in 1982 at the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy. The American premiere of the revised version took place at the Spoleto Festival USA in Charleston, South Carolina, on June 1, 1984.
Felbrigg Woods
Felbrigg Woods is a 164.6-hectare (407-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Cromer in Norfolk, England. It is the main part of the grounds of Felbrigg Hall, a National Trust property which is listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and it is in the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Ancient trees in this wood have more than fifty species of lichen, including several which are rare in East Anglia. Many of them are indicators of ancient undisturbed woodland. The trees are mainly beech which have been pollarded many years ago, and have massive stools and boles.

Cromer
Cromer (/ˈkroʊmər/ KROH-mər) is a coastal town and civil parish on the north coast of the North Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. It is 23 miles (37 kilometres) north of Norwich, 9 miles (14 km) northwest of North Walsham and 4 miles (6 kilometres) east of Sheringham on the North Sea coastline.
The local government authorities are North Norfolk District Council, whose headquarters is on Holt Road in the town, and Norfolk County Council, based in Norwich. The civil parish has an area of 4.66 km2 (1+13⁄16 sq mi) and at the 2011 census had a population of 7,683.

The town is notable as a traditional tourist resort and for the Cromer crab, which forms the major source of income for local fishermen. The motto Gem of the Norfolk Coast is highlighted on the town's road signs.
Stewart Finlay-McLennan
Stewart Finlay-McLennan (born 7 September 1957) is an Australian actor.

Finlay-McLennan was born and raised in Broken Hill. He earned a degree from Charles Sturt University in Bathurst, New South Wales, where he majored in Art and Drama.

Finlay-McLennan made his television debut in an episode of Jake and the Fatman in 1989. From 1994 to 1995, he played Dr. Neil MacNeill on the CBS television series, Christy. He appeared in National Treasure and the first season of Six Feet Under. He later appeared in The Last Sin Eater and  Prep School.

Finlay-McLennan appeared in a TV commercial for Outback Steakhouse in 2000 and Down an Alley Filled with Cats on Broadway.

Finlay-McLennan has retired from acting.

Outback Steakhouse
Outback Steakhouse is an American chain of Australian-themed casual dining restaurants, serving American cuisine, based in Tampa, Florida. The chain has over 1,000 locations in 23 countries throughout North America, South America, Asia, and Australia. It was founded on March 15, 1988, with its first location in Tampa by Bob Basham, Chris T. Sullivan, Trudy Cooper, and Tim Gannon. It was owned and operated in the United States by OSI Restaurant Partners until it was acquired by Bloomin' Brands, and by other franchise and venture agreements internationally.
Oru Raagam Pala Thaalam
Oru Raagam Pala Thaalam (transl. One raga, many beats) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by M. Krishnan Nair. The film stars Madhu, Jayan, Srividya and Jagathy Sreekumar. It is a remake of the Tamil film Aalayamani (1962).

Jayan
Master Chief Petty Officer Krishnan Madhavan Nair (25 July 1939 – 16 November 1980), better known by his stage name Jayan, born as the son of Madhavan Pillai and Bharathiyamma in Kollam, was an Indian actor, naval officer, and stunt performer of the 1970s and 1980s. He starred in over 150 Malayalam films, primarily as an action star. In 2010 he was referred to as the first and most successful action hero of Malayalam cinema.

His superstar image became a cartoon, email, and SMS phenomenon in the early 2000s, portraying him as a comic superhero with unique quotes of superhuman strength attributed to the action star becoming widespread. These movements were fuelled by a renewed fascination with his style of dialogue delivery and his machismo image. These were claimed to honour his memories, but were also criticised for parodying the actor years after his death.
Ypsomed Holding
Ypsomed Holding Inc. (German pronunciation: [ˈʏp.soː.mɛd]) is a Swiss multinational medical technology company headquartered in Burgdorf, Switzerland. Founded in 2003, through the break up of Disetronic Group, founded by Willy Michel. Ypsomed specializes in developing and manufacturing injection and infusion systems for self-medication, primarily in the areas of diabetes care and biotechnology.

Products include devices like insulin pens, auto-injectors, and infusion pumps, which help patients manage chronic conditions more easily and independently. In 2025, Ypsomed employs 2,800+ employees and has an annual turnover of 728.9 million Swiss Francs ($928.3 million). The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange.

Autoinjector
An autoinjector (or auto-injector), also known as self-injection pen, is a medical device for injection of a premeasured dose of a particular drug. Most autoinjectors are one-use, disposable, spring-loaded syringes (prefilled syringes). By design, autoinjectors are easy to use and are intended for self-administration by patients, administration by untrained personnel, or easy use by healthcare professionals; they can also overcome the hesitation associated with self-administration using a needle. The site of injection depends on the drug, but it typically is administered into the thigh or the buttocks.

Autoinjectors are sharps waste.
Elias Hößler
Elias Hößler (7 July 1663 in Crimmitschau, Electorate of Saxony – 13 June 1746 in Sulzbach-Rosenberg) was from Saxony originally, active in the Upper Palatinate and Franconia as a pipe organ builder.

He began organ building teaching near Andreas Haß in Greiz in Vogtland, and later moved to Hersbruck.  On 21 October 1704, he became a resident of Lauf in der Nähe near Nuremberg.  He preferred to work in the Nuremberg area and in the western and central Upper Palatinate.  In 1744, he retired to a hospital in Sulzbach-Rosenberg.

Greiz
Greiz (/ɡraɪts/ gryts; German pronunciation: [ɡʁaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the state of Thuringia, Germany, and is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.
Vitug
Vitug is a Filipino surname of Kapampangan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Romy Vitug (1937–2024), Filipino photojournalist and cinematographer

Jose C. Vitug (born 1934), Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1993 to 2004.

Jose C. Vitug
Jose Cabrera Vitug Jr. (born July 15, 1934) is a Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court on June 28, 1993 by President Fidel Ramos and retired on July 15, 2004.

Vitug was the founding dean of the Angeles University Foundation School of Law. He serves as an independent director Aboitiz Equity Ventures. He also served as the acting dean of Arellano University-School of Law
Anabelle Zurbay
Anabelle Zurbay (born 19 December 2008) is an American and Irish alpine ski racer. She competed for Ireland in the women's giant slalom and women's slalom at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Born in Minnesota and based in Vail, Colorado, she is eligible to represent Ireland through her Westmeath-born grandmother Rosaline. She was one of the flagbearers for Ireland at the opening ceremony. She finished in 48th place out of 76 athletes in the giant slalom. Three days later, she again finished 48th in the slalom.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Constitutional history of Tokelau
The constitutional history of Tokelau comprises several acts and amendments. Tokelau comprises the three Pacific atolls of Atafu, Nukunonu, and Fakaofo. The constitutional history of the atoll group dates to its earliest human settlement of at least 1,000 years, much of this time involved an unwritten and oral tradition. It has been governed by many written acts and rules of governance since 1887. The history of Tokelau's laws has been recorded in Tokelau Subdelegated Legislation 1877–1948 and is also published by the Tokelau Law Project.

Atafu
Atafu, formerly known as the Duke of York Group, is a group of 52 coral islets within Tokelau in the south Pacific Ocean, 500 kilometres (310 miles) north of Samoa. With a land area of 2.5 square kilometres (1.0 square mile), it is the smallest of the three islands that constitute Tokelau. It is an atoll and surrounds a central lagoon, which covers some 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi). The atoll lies 800 kilometres (500 miles) south of the equator at 8° 35' South, 172° 30' West. Atafu is the northernmost area under New Zealand sovereignty.
Tisserdmine
Tisserdmine is a village is located on the edge of Erg Chebbi, a Saharan erg in southeast Morocco near the Algerian border.

The most well-known nearby settlement is Merzouga. Other villages around the dunes are Hassilabied, Tanamoust, Takoujt, and Khamlia.

31°17′52.98″N 3°58′30.54″W﻿ / ﻿31.2980500°N 3.9751500°W﻿ / 31.2980500; -3.9751500

Erg Chebbi
Erg Chebbi (Arabic: عرق الشبي) is one of Morocco's several ergs – large seas of dunes formed by wind-blown sand. It is located on the far western edge of the Sahara Desert. There are several other ergs in Morocco, such as Erg Chigaga near M'hamid.
Chicago Jr. Bulldogs
The Chicago Jr. Bulldogs (aka Chicago Bulldogs) were a Tier III junior ice hockey team playing in the North American 3 Hockey League. The Bulldogs played their home games at the Canlan Ice Sports in Romeoville, Illinois.

Romeoville, Illinois
Romeoville is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Chicago on the Gateway Wetlands, directly west of the Des Plaines River and Historic U.S. Route 66 (now IL-53). Per the 2020 census, the population was 39,863. Once a small river port, Romeoville experienced rapid growth in the 1990s and 2000s. It is located between Bolingbrook and Joliet near Interstate 55 and Interstate 355.
Metaproscaline
Metaproscaline (MP), also known as 3,4-dimethoxy-5-propoxyphenethylamine, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the derivative of mescaline in which the methoxy group at the 3 position has been replaced with a propoxy group. In addition, it is a positional isomer of proscaline.

In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other publications, Alexander Shulgin lists metaproscaline's dose as greater than 240 mg orally and its duration as unknown. The drug produced no clear effects at tested doses of up to 240 mg orally.

The chemical synthesis of metaproscaline has been described. Analogues of metaproscaline include mescaline, proscaline, and metaescaline, among others.

Metaproscaline was first described in the scientific literature by Shulgin and Peyton Jacob III in 1984. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991. The drug is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Early life of George W. Bush
George W. Bush (born 1946) was born in the city of New Haven, Connecticut as the eldest of six children. He grew up in Midland and Houston, Texas. Bush studied at Yale University and Harvard Business School before serving in the Texas Air National Guard. Bush would later be part owner and managing partner of Major League Baseball's Texas Rangers, become governor of Texas, and eventually become the 43rd president of the United States.

Governor of Texas
The governor of Texas is the head of state of the U.S. state of Texas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the government of Texas and is the commander-in-chief of the Texas Military Forces.

Established in the Constitution of Texas, the governor's responsibilities include ensuring the enforcement of state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, overseeing state agencies, issuing executive orders, proposing and overseeing the state budget, and making key appointments to state offices. The governor also has the power to call special sessions of the legislature and, with the recommendation of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, grant pardons.
Dhaiso people
The Dhaiso, or Daiso  (Wadaiso, in Swahili) are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based at the foot of the Usambara Mountains in the Muheza District of Tanga Region in northeastern Tanzania. In 1999, the Dhaiso population was estimated to number 5,000, and the Dhaiso language is not being transmitted by adults to children. The Dhaiso are historically related to the Segeju, and are sometimes referred to as "Islamized Segeju". The Segeju are also found in the Kwale county of Kenya. Most of their tradition has been heavily influenced by their populous Digo neighbors. The Dhaiso and the Segeju are also historically linked to the Kamba people of kenya.

Kamba people
The Kamba or Akamba (sometimes called Wakamba) people are  Bantu peoples ethnic group who predominantly live in Kenya stretching from Nairobi to Tsavo and northwards to Embu, in the southern part of the former Eastern Province. This land is called Ukambani and constitutes Makueni County, Kitui County and Machakos County. They also form the second largest ethnic group in 8 counties including Nairobi and Mombasa counties.
Krsta Smiljanić
Krsta Smiljanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Крста Смиљанић; 29 December 1868 – 14 May 1944) was a Serbian Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia), ban of the Zeta Banovina, and a senator in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Ban (title)
Ban (/ˈbɑːn/) was the title of local rulers or officeholders, similar to viceroy, used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 20th centuries. The most common examples have been found in medieval Croatia and medieval regions ruled and influenced by the Kingdom of Hungary. They often ruled as the king's governmental representatives, supreme military commanders and judges, and in 18th century Croatia, even as chief government officials. In the Banate of Bosnia they were always de facto supreme rulers.
Landisburg, West Virginia
Landisburg is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Landisburg is located along West Virginia Route 41, 11 miles (18 km) east of Oak Hill.

The community was named after H. M. Landis, a businessperson in the lumber industry. The Dr. John Hughart House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

West Virginia Route 41
West Virginia Route 41 (WV 41) is a 64.8-mile-long (104.3 km) north–south state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of West Virginia. Its southern terminus is at WV 210 in Beckley. Its northern terminus is at WV 55 about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Calvin.

South of Summersville, WV 41 follows the route of U.S. Route 19 (US 19) prior to the construction of Corridor L of the Appalachian Development Highway System.
Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke
The men's 50 backstroke at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 18 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 31 competitors from 21 countries who took part in this event. Four heats were held, with most containing the maximum number of swimmers (eight). The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Junya Koga and Ryosuke Irie from Japan finished with one and two, Cheng Feiyi from China won the bronze medal.

China at the 2010 Asian Games
China participated and hosted the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou on 12–27 November 2010. China achieved a historic milestone by surpassing the 400-medal threshold in a single edition, so becoming the first nation to do so in the history of the Asian Games.
Kazuko Shibuya
Kazuko Shibuya (Japanese: 渋谷 員子, Hepburn: Shibuya Kazuko; born September 4, 1965) is a Japanese video game artist. She is best known for her work with Square (now Square Enix), in particular with the Final Fantasy series.

Alpha (video game)
Alpha is an adventure game developed and published by Square, released for the PC-8801, PC-9801, FM-7, and Sharp X1 systems in 1986. Alpha uses a text parser to interpret the player's instructions and displays the results on screen.
Lawn game
A lawn game is an outdoor game that can be played on a lawn. Many types and variations of lawn games exist, which includes games that use balls and the throwing of objects as their primary means of gameplay. Some lawn games are historical in nature, having been devised and played in different forms for centuries. Some lawn games are traditionally played on a pitch (sports field). Some companies produce and market lawn games for home use in a front or backyard.

Backyard
A backyard, or back yard (known in the United Kingdom as a back garden or just garden), is a yard at the back of a house, common in suburban developments in the Western world.

It is typically a residential garden located at the rear of a property, on the other side of the house from the front yard. While Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, the "garden" (which etymologically may imply a shorthand of botanical garden) may use plants sparsely or not at all. Hence, the terms yard and garden are for the context of this article interchangeable in most cases.
Minister for Women (Australia)
The Minister for Women in the Government of Australia is Katy Gallagher, who since 23 May 2022 has been a member of the Albanese ministry. Ministers holding the position, first introduced in 1976 during the Second Fraser ministry, have held several different titles. They have often held other portfolios, and sometimes sat in Cabinet of Australia. All but the first two office-holders have been women.

Second Fraser ministry
The second Fraser ministry (Liberal–National Country coalition) was the 51st ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 22nd Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. The second Fraser ministry succeeded the first Fraser ministry, which dissolved on 22 December 1975 following the federal election that took place on 13 December. The ministry was replaced by the third Fraser ministry on 20 December 1977 following the 1977 federal election.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the Cabinet of the second Fraser ministry. Tony Street was the last surviving Liberal cabinet member.
1939 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 1939 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College as an independent during the 1939 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Charlie Bachman, the Spartans compiled a 4–4–1 record and lost their annual rivalry game with Michigan by a 26 to 13 score. In inter-sectional play, the team defeated Syracuse (14–2) and Temple (18–7) and lost to Santa Clara (6–0).

Michigan State was ranked at No. 74 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.

1939 Temple Owls football team
The 1939 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1939 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Fred H. Swan, the team compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored by a total of 96 to 51. Edward Kolman was the team captain.

Temple was ranked at No. 71 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.

The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.