hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hôtel de Ville, Bois-Colombes
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Bois-Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, standing on Rue Charles-Duflos. It has been included on the Inventaire général des monuments by the French Ministry of Culture since 1991.

General inventory of cultural heritage
The General Inventory of Cultural Heritage, known locally as the Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel, is a government body in France that "shall identify, study and publicize heritage of cultural, historical or scientific interest"
They have created an Inventory to make a record of all goods based on archival sources created by human kind throughout France. It covers everything from architecture, urban planning, furniture or other objects from the 5th Century to 30 years before the date of the survey.
Manfredo Tafuri
Manfredo Tafuri (4 November 1935 in Rome – 23 February 1994 in Venice) was an Italian Marxist architect, historian, theoretician, critic and academic. He was described by one commentator as the world's most important architectural historian of the second half of the 20th century. He is noted for his pointed critiques of the partisan "operative criticism" of previous architectural historians and critics like Bruno Zevi and Siegfried Giedion and for challenging the idea that the Renaissance was a "golden age" as it had been characterised in the work of earlier authorities like Heinrich Wölfflin and Rudolf Wittkower.

Rudolf Wittkower
Rudolf Wittkower (22 June 1901 – 11 October 1971) was a British art historian specializing in Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and architecture, who spent much of his career in London, but was educated in Germany, and later moved to the United States. Despite having a British father who stayed in Germany after his studies, he was born and raised in Berlin.
Acantholimon chitralicum
Acantholimon chitralicum is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. The native range of this species is Afghanistan. It is a subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

It was first described in 1974 by Austrian botanists and phytogeographers, Karl Heinz Rechinger and Helene Schiman-Czeika.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
Dion Myles
Dion Myles (born 2 May 1976) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL) for the Sydney Swans between 1995 and 1997.

Myles played eight games and kicked one goal for Sydney, debuting against Brisbane in round 18, 1995 and playing his final game against Carlton in round 21, 1997.

Miles went on to play with West Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), helping them to a 3rd-place finish in 1998 and going on to win the club's Best & Fairest award in 2000.

West Adelaide Football Club
West Adelaide Football Club is an Australian rules football club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Nicknamed the Bloods and commonly known as the Westies, the club's home base is Richmond Oval (currently known as Hisense Stadium under a sponsorship agreement). The Oval is located in Richmond, an inner-western suburb of Adelaide.

The club has won nine SANFL premierships, the most recent coming in 2015 – breaking a thirty-two-year premiership drought dating back to 1983; the second longest in the SANFL.
Opre Roma Democratic People's Party
Opre Roma Democratic People's Party (Hungarian: Opre Roma Demokrata Néppárt) is a Romani Political Party in Hungary which aims to establish an Autonomous Romastan province comprising the Hungarian counties of Borsod County, Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County, Nógrád County and Heves County by Referendum It was founded by István Kamarás as a Splinter from the Christian Democratic People's Party in 2011, the reason being that he no longer wanted to "lend his name to the government that oppresses Gypsies" however the Christian Democratic People's Party denies István was an advisor for them

Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County
48°00′N 22°10′E﻿ / ﻿48.000°N 22.167°E﻿ / 48.000; 22.167

Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg (Hungarian: Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg vármegye, pronounced [ˈsɒbolt͡ʃ ˈsɒtmaːr ˈbɛrɛɡ]) is an administrative county (Hungarian: vármegye) in northeastern Hungary, bordering Slovakia (Košice Region), Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast), and Romania (Bihor and Satu Mare counties). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Hajdú–Bihar and Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén. The capital of Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg county is Nyíregyháza.

Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg County was organised after World War II from the previous counties Szatmár–Ugocsa–Bereg and Szabolcs. Before 1991, it was called Szabolcs-Szatmár County.
Michał Nowodworski
Michał Nowodworski (1831–1896) was a 19th-century Roman Catholic bishop of Płock in Poland.

Michael Nowodworski was born on 27 July 1831 in Włocławek; he was Bishop of Płock, a publisher and a publicist.

He was ordained in 1854 and from 1859, he began working with a journal Diary Religion and Moral. He was known as a great patriot, which is why he was deported to the governorate of Perm. He was able to return to Poland in 1868; however, he was not allowed to live in the capital.

In 1889, he became the bishop of the Diocese of Płock, where his particular attention was on raising the standards of the local seminary, and to increase intellectual culture of the clergy.

He died on 12 June 1896 in Warsaw and was buried in the Cathedral of Płock, where a bronze gravestone made by Pius Weloński stands in the church nave.

Perm Governorate
58°00′50″N 56°14′56″E﻿ / ﻿58.0139°N 56.2489°E﻿ / 58.0139; 56.2489

Perm Governorate (Russian: Пермская губерния, romanized: Permskaya guberniya), also known as the Governorate of Perm, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1781 to 1923. It was located on both slopes of the Ural Mountains, and its administrative center was the city of Perm. The region gave its name to the Permian period, the last period of the Paleozoic era.
Bloodthirsty Butchers (film)
Bloodthirsty Butchers is a 1970 horror film directed by Andy Milligan and starring Michael Cox, Linda Driver, Jane Helay, and Bernard Kaler. It is an adaptation of the notorious story of Sweeney Todd. The film was released as a double feature with Torture Dungeon.

Mrs. Lovett
Mrs. Lovett is a fictional character appearing in many adaptations of the story Sweeney Todd. Her first name is most commonly referred to as Nellie, although she has also been referred to as Amelia, Margery, Maggie, Sarah, Shirley, Wilhelmina, Mary, and Claudetta. A baker from London, Mrs. Lovett is an accomplice and business partner of Sweeney Todd, a barber and serial killer from Fleet Street. She makes meat pies from Todd’s victims.

First appearing in the Victorian penny dreadful serial The String of Pearls, it is debated if she was based on an actual person or not. The character also appears in modern media related to Sweeney Todd including multiple stage and film adaptations. Her first appearance was on Broadway in 1979 by Angela Lansbury.
China: Time of Xi
China: Time of Xi (Chinese: 习近平治国方略：中国这五年) is a documentary television series that aired on Discovery Asia television stations in the United States. Airing over 3 consecutive days, the documentary television series examines Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and what drives Xi Jinping himself. China: Time of Xi was hosted by Danny Forster, DR. Jordan Nguyen and Mary-Ann Ochota. The documentary was a product of a three-year content deal between Discovery Asia and the China Intercontinental Communications Center.

Discovery Asia
Discovery Asia (formerly known as Discovery HD and Discovery HD World) is a Southeast Asian pay television channel that features Asia-related documentaries and original Asian programming. It is operated by Warner Bros. Discovery through its Asia-Pacific division.
Uranium oxide
Uranium oxide is an oxide of the element uranium.

The metal uranium forms half a dozen known oxides:

Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (UO2, the mineral uraninite or pitchblende)

Diuranium pentoxide or uranium(V) oxide (U2O5)

Uranium trioxide or uranium(VI) oxide (UO3)

Triuranium octoxide (U3O8, the most stable uranium oxide; yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 percent triuranium octoxide)

Uranyl peroxide (UO2O2 or UO4)

Amorphous uranium(VI) oxide (Am-U2O7)

Uranium dioxide is oxidized in contact with oxygen to form triuranium octoxide.

3 UO2 + O2  →  U3O8 at 250 °C (523 K)

Uraninite
Uraninite, also known as pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes the mineral to contain oxides of lead and trace amounts of helium. It may also contain thorium and rare-earth elements.
Wesley Gibbs
Wesley Gibbs (July 24, 1842 - May 29, 1917) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Gibbs received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Gibbs's medal was won for his capturing the flag during the Third Battle of Petersburg on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on May 10, 1865. Following his Medal of Honor his rank was subsequently reduced to Private, for reasons unknown.

Gibbs was born in Sharon, Connecticut. He joined the Army from Salisbury, Connecticut in August 1862, and mustered out with his regiment in August 1865. Gifford was buried in Winsted, Connecticut, at Forest View Cemetery.

Sharon, Connecticut
Sharon is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, in the northwest corner of the state. At the time of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 2,680. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. The ZIP Code for Sharon is 06069. The urban center of the town is the Sharon census-designated place, with a population of 729 at the 2010 census.
Small nucleolar RNA Z103
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z103 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z103 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z103 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Prosodion
Prosodion (Greek: προσόδιον) in ancient Greece was a processional song to the altar of a deity, mainly Apollo or Artemis, sung ritually before the Paean hymn. It is one of the earliest musical types used by the Greeks. The prosodion was accompanied by the aulos, whereas the associated paean (performed while standing) was accompanied by the kithara. Prosodia were composed by Alcman, Pindar, Simonides of Ceos, Bacchylides, Eumelus of Corinth, and Limenius (whose prosodion follows its paean, rather than preceding it), as well the various winners in art competitions (Mouseia). The etymology of the word is related to ὁδός hodos road and not with ᾠδή ôidê song. According to Soterichus, the music of the prosodia by Alcman, Pindar, Simonides, and Bacchylides was written in the Dorian tonos "because of its grandeur and dignity". The only complete surviving prosodion (part of the Second Delphic Hymn by Limenius), however, is composed in the Lydian tonos.

Aulos
An aulos (plural auloi; Ancient Greek: αὐλός : aulós, plural αὐλοί : auloí) or Latin: tibia was a wind instrument in  ancient Greece, often depicted in art and also attested by archaeology.

Though the word aulos is often translated as "flute" or as "double flute", the instrument was usually double-reeded, and its sound—described as "penetrating, insisting and exciting"—was more akin to that of modern woodwind instruments such as oboes or bagpipes with a chanter and (modulated) drone.

An aulete (αὐλητής : aulētḗs) was the musician who performed on an aulos. The ancient Roman equivalent was the tibicen (plural tibicines), from the Latin tibia ("pipe", aulos). The neologism aulode is sometimes used by analogy with rhapsode and citharode (citharede) to refer to an aulos-player, who may also be called an aulist; however, aulode more commonly refers to a singer who sang the accompaniment to a piece played on the aulos.
1932 Great Britain Lions tour
The 1932 Great Britain Lions tour was a tour by the Great Britain national rugby league team) of Australia and New Zealand which took place between May and August 1932. The tour involved a schedule of 26 games, 18 in Australia including a three-test series against Australia for the Ashes and a further eight in New Zealand including a three-test series against New Zealand.

Captained by Welshman Jim Sullivan, the Lions returned home having won 23, lost two and drawn one of their games. They won the Ashes against Australia by two tests to one and made a clean sweep against New Zealand winning all three test matches.

Despite being a British team - six of the squad were Welsh - the team were universally referred to by both the press at home and away, as England.

Men's rugby league Ashes
The Ashes series is a best-of-three series of test matches between Australia and England national rugby league football teams.

Named after the cricket series of the same name, the series was initially contested between the Australia and Great Britain national teams. The series first took place in 1908, and was contested 39 times until 2003, with hosting usually alternating between the two countries. Since 1973, Australia has won a record thirteen consecutive Ashes series.

After a hiatus of over 20 years, the Ashes series was revived in 2025. The series will continue as a best-of-three test match series between Australia and England.
Pseudoconvex function
In convex analysis and the calculus of variations, both branches of mathematics, a pseudoconvex function is a function that behaves like a convex function with respect to finding its local minima, but need not actually be convex.  Informally, a differentiable function is pseudoconvex if it is increasing in any direction where it has a positive directional derivative. The property must hold in all of the function domain, and not only for nearby points.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
St. Theresa of the Child Jesus Cathedral, Urawa
The Cathedral of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus (Japanese: 幼いイエスの聖テレジア司教座聖堂), also called the Urawa Church, is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church in Urawa, Saitama prefecture, Japan. It is seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saitama. (Dioecesis Saitamaensis; カトリックさいたま教区)

Founded in 1940, it is dedicated to Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, a French Discalced Carmelite canonized in 1925 and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church in 1997 by Pope John Paul II. It was elevated to cathedral status in 1957 upon the erection of the Diocese of Saitama, by the papal bull "Qui superna Dei" of Pope Pius XII.

Urawa, Saitama
Urawa (浦和市, Urawa-shi) was a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

On May 1, 2001, Urawa was merged with the cities of Ōmiya and Yono to create the city of Saitama.

Since April 1, 2003, the area of former Urawa City has been divided into 4 wards: Urawa-ku, Midori-ku, Minami-ku and Sakura-ku of Saitama City. The city hall and the prefectural government building are located in Urawa-ku.
Cambria Heights High School
Cambria Heights High School is located at 426 Glendale Lake Road in Patton, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the sole high school operated by the Cambria Heights School District. In 2014, Cambria Heights High School enrollment was reported as 454 pupils in 9th through 12th grades. Cambria Heights High School employed 34 teachers. Cambria Heights High School students may choose to attend Admiral Peary Vocational-Technical School for training in the construction and mechanical trades, as well as other careers.

Cambria Heights High School serves the communities of: Carrolltown, Chest Springs, Hastings and Patton as well as Chest Township, Clearfield Township, East Carroll Township, Elder Township and West Carroll Township.

West Carroll Township, Pennsylvania
West Carroll Township is a township in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States and consists of the communities of Bakerton, Barnes, Carrolltown Road, Elmora and St. Benedict. The population was 1,296 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cliff Campbell
Clifford Norman Campbell (11 October 1908 – 7 August 1966) was an Australian international rugby union player.

Campbell was born in Sydney and educated at Sydney Grammar School.

A Drummoyne fly-half, Campbell made the Wallabies squad for their 1933 tour to South Africa, where he made a total of seven uncapped appearances, with Ron Biilmann preferred for the Test matches.

Campbell lived on the New South Wales Central Coast.

1933 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa
The 1933 Australia rugby union tour of South Africa and Rhodesia was a series of 23 rugby union matches played by the Australia national team in 1933.

Australia played a total of 23 matches, with a 5-Test series v South Africa, who won three of the five games.
1982 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 85th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

St Rynagh's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 19 October 1982 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between St Rynagh's and Lusmagh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Rynagh's won the match by 2–09 to 0–11 to claim their 12th championship title overall and a second championship title in succession.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.
Carrie Kirkman
Carrie Kirkman is the former CEO and president of Sears Canada. Kirkman took over the position in November 2015 and left in August 2016 but will remain with the retailer in an advisory role to assist the company with brand development. Prior to her role with Sears Canada, Kirkman was the interim president of shoe retailer Nine West Canada and president of Jones Apparel Group from October 2010 until April 2015.

Kirkman has previously held senior roles at Sears rival Hudson's Bay Company from 2002–2010, and Liz Claiborne Canada from 1997–2002, where she managed fashion brands such as DKNY, Liz Claiborne, and Kenneth Cole. Early in her career, Kirkman represented the Alfred Sung and Ports International brands.

Nine West
Nine West, also known as 9 West, is an American online fashion retailer which is based in White Plains, New York. It was founded in 1983 and closed its brick and mortar stores business in 2018. Its products continue to be sold at other retailers.
John Aikins
John Somerset Aikins (February 27, 1850 – May 5, 1911) was a realtor, financier and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Rockwood from 1879 to 1883 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Conservative.

He was the son of James Cox Aikins and was educated at Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto. He came west in 1875, settling in Winnipeg in 1879. With his brother James Albert, he was involved in the operation of the Manitoba and North West Loan Company, which had been established by his father. In 1887, Aikins married Abby Lemira, the daughter of Charles Carroll Colby. He served as a director for the Winnipeg General Hospital. Aikins died in Winnipeg.

Rockwood (electoral district)
Rockwood was a provincial electoral district in Manitoba, Canada. The district was created with the province's first redistribution in 1874, and changed by the 1955 redistribution in advance of the 1958 provincial election. It was merged with what was left of the old Iberville district to form Rockwood-Iberville.
Ida Kovács
Ida Kovács (born 5 September 1975) is a Hungarian long-distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She won the Florence Marathon in 1998 and the Budapest Marathon in 2002.

Budapest Marathon
The Budapest Marathon is an annual marathon and sport event hosted by the city of Budapest, Hungary, usually held in early October or late September. The current version of the marathon has been held since 1984, although an annual marathon has taken place in Budapest since 1961. Budapest Sportiroda ('Budapest Sports Office') (BSI) has organized the marathon since 1989.
Komae, Tokyo
Komae (狛江市, Komae-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It is one of 30 municipalities in the western portion of Tokyo known as the Tama Area. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 83,218, and a population density of 13,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 6.39 square kilometres (2.47 sq mi). It is the smallest administrative city in Tokyo Metropolis both in area and population, and the second smallest in terms of area in the nation.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.