hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stump (drawing)
A stump is a cylindrical drawing tool, usually made of soft paper that is tightly wound into a stick and sanded to a point at both ends. It is used by artists to smudge or blend marks made with charcoal, Conté crayon, pencil or other drawing media. By its use, gradations and half tones can be produced.

Stumps are typically made of paper but can also be made of felt or leather. They are sold commercially in a range of sizes suitable for manipulations covering large areas, for operations on a miniature scale, and those in-between. A variant that is not as tightly packed and has a hollow core is called tortillon.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Afrosternophorus hirsti
Afrosternophorus hirsti is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Sternophoridae family. It was described in 1932 by American arachnologist Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. The specific epithet honours Dr F. S. Hirst who collected the holotype.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Freedom for the Stallion
Freedom for the Stallion is the debut album by The Hues Corporation released in 1973.

The album includes the original recording of "Rock The Boat." A later re-mix version of this recording became one of the first Disco hits in 1974 and reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.

The title track, "Freedom for the Stallion" was also a minor hit. This Allen Toussaint song had been recorded earlier by Lee Dorsey in 1971. Later versions of "Freedom for the Stallion" include Three Dog Night on their 1972 album Seven Separate Fools, Boz Scaggs on his 1972 album "My Time", The Oak Ridge Boys on their 1974 self-titled Columbia Records debut, a 1974 single by Canadian pop-rock band Edward Bear (#20 Can), and a 2006 recording by Toussaint and Elvis Costello on the album The River in Reverse.

Three Dog Night
Three Dog Night is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1967, founded by vocalists Chuck Negron, Cory Wells, and Danny Hutton. This lineup was soon augmented by Jimmy Greenspoon (keyboards), Joe Schermie (bass guitar), Michael Allsup (guitar), and Floyd Sneed (drums). The band had 21 Billboard Hot 100 top 40 hits between 1969 and 1975, with three hitting number one. Three Dog Night recorded many songs written by outside songwriters, and they helped to introduce mainstream audiences to writers such as Harry Nilsson ("One"), Randy Newman ("Mama Told Me Not to Come"), Paul Williams ("An Old Fashioned Love Song"), Laura Nyro ("Eli's Comin'") and Hoyt Axton ("Joy to the World", "Never Been to Spain").
Transcosmos Stadium Nagasaki
Transcosmos Stadium Nagasaki (トランスコスモススタジアム長崎) is an athletic stadium in Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan, a.k.a. Nagasaki Athletic Stadium, it received its current name in August 2016 due to naming rights.

The stadium is primarily used for football, and was the former home stadium of the J. League football club V-Varen Nagasaki until September 2024.

Isahaya, Nagasaki
Isahaya (諫早市, Isahaya-shi) is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2024, the city had an estimated population of  131,467 in 55169 households, and a population density of 380 people per km2. The total area of the city is 341.79 km2 (131.97 sq mi).
2023 Hamburg Ladies & Gents Cup
The 2023 Hamburg Ladies & Gents Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Hamburg, Germany between 16 and 22 October 2023.

Dennis Novak
Dennis Novak (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈnoːvak]; born 28 August 1993, in Wiener Neustadt) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. Novak achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 85 in March 2020.
Stephen Wooden
Stephen Wooden is an American Democratic politician from Michigan. He was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives from the 81st district in the 2024 election.

Wooden was a Kent County Commissioner.

Michigan's 81st House of Representatives district
Michigan's 81st House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 81st House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Kent County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
We Shall Be Free
"We Shall Be Free" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks.  It was released in August 1992 as the first single from his album The Chase and also appears on The Hits, The Limited Series, Double Live, and The Ultimate Hits.  It reached #12 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 1992, becoming his first single to miss the Top 10 on that chart due to an airplay ban from some radio stations. "We Shall Be Free" peaked at #22 on the Billboard Christian Songs charts through a marketing deal with Rick Hendrix Company, and earned Brooks a 1993 GLAAD Media Award. This song was written by Brooks and Stephanie Davis.

The Chase (Garth Brooks album)
The Chase is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released on September 14, 1992, through Liberty Records and sold 403,000 copies in its first week, The Chase debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart and Top Country Albums chart and has been certified diamond by the RIAA. It was also successful internationally, reaching number one on the UK country albums chart and remained in the top ten for many months.

"Dixie Chicken" is a cover of the classic Little Feat song off of their 1973 album of the same name, while "Night Rider's Lament" is a classic cowboy song that had been previously recorded by Jerry Jeff Walker and Chris LeDoux.
Mary Morten
Mary Morten, is an activist in Chicago for marginalized communities. She was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame in 1996. Morten was the first African-American president of the Chicago chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW), is an author and filmmaker on African-American lesbian experiences, and led organizations including the Chicago Abortion Fund and Chicago Foundation for Women. Morten directed the City of Chicago's Advisory Council on Gay and Lesbian issues in 1996.

Chicago Abortion Fund
The Chicago Abortion Fund (CAF) is a nonprofit that provides financial assistance to people seeking abortions. It is affiliated with the National Network of Abortion Funds.

In 2019, CAF spent $160,000 to help women to obtain abortions.  After the US Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the organization's spending increased by almost 50 fold, to around $8 million annually.  CAF spends an average of $480 for help with the procedure's cost, and $380 on travel assistance per patient.
Jaap Bekker
Hendrik Petrus Jordaan Bekker (11 February 1925 — 6 August 1999) was a South African rugby union international.

Born in Dordrecht, Bekker was the eldest of three brothers to play for the Springboks. Another brother, Daniel Bekker, was a two-time Olympic medalist in boxing. He also had a sister who was a national record holder for shot put.

Bekker was capped in 15 Test matches for the Springboks, debuting against England	at Twickenham in 1952. A prop, he appeared in all six Tests for the Springboks on the 1956 tour of Australia and New Zealand, including a match up against All Blacks enforcer Kevin Skinner which left him bloodied. He announced his retirement in 1957.

Dordrecht, South Africa
Dordrecht is a town situated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Dordrecht was founded in 1856 by Baron Smiddolff (later changed to Smithdorff), a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church. The town was named for the city of the same name in the South-Western Netherlands and had a population of about 8,741 people in 2001.
Proschium
Proschium or Proschion (Ancient Greek: Πρόσχιον) was a town of ancient Aetolia, between the Achelous and the Evenus. It is said to have been founded by the Aeolians when they were removed from the Homeric Pylene higher up into the country. Proschium also laid claim to high antiquity, since it possessed a shrine said to have been dedicated by Heracles to his cupbearer Cyathus, whom he had unintentionally slain. It is clear, from a narrative of Thucydides, that Proschium lay west of Calydon and Pleuron, and at no great distance from the Achelous.

Its site is tentatively located near the modern Proph. Ilias, Kato Retsina.

Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.
Asia (Miami)
Asia is a residential skyscraper on Brickell Key in the Brickell district of Downtown Miami, Florida, United States. The tower rises 483 feet (147 m), with 36 floors. Asia was topped out in mid-2007, and was completed structurally in January 2008. When built, it was among the tallest buildings in Miami, ranking near the top 20, but as of 2025 its not within the top 75. The tower is one of several new residential developments taking place in Miami, and is a part of the city's first Manhattanization wave of the mid to late 00s. The architectural firm who designed the building was J Scott Architecture.
Asia Miami features 123 total residences serviced by 5 private elevators.

Topping out
In building construction, topping out (also referred to as topping off or roofing ceremony) is a builders' rite traditionally held when the last beam (or its equivalent) is placed at the top of a structure during its construction. Nowadays, the ceremony is often parlayed into a media event for public relations purposes.  It has since come to mean more generally finishing the structure of the building, whether there is a ceremony or not. It is also commonly used to determine the amount of wind on the top of the structure.
Campaign for Accountability
Campaign for Accountability (CfA) is a liberal 501(c)(3) non-profit ethics watchdog group headquartered in Washington, D.C. CfA was co-founded in May 2015 by Anne Weismann, former legal counsel for the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), and Louis Mayberg, former chairman of CREW. CfA group states that it "uses research, litigation and aggressive communications to expose misconduct and malfeasance in public life."

Watchdog journalism
Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism in which journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems.
Florian Pumhösl
Florian Pumhösl (born 1971) is a contemporary artist based in Vienna, mainly known for his works that employ abstract visual language to reflect on the diverse manifestations of modernity. His interests include "historical formal vocabulary of modernism," and "the genealogical derivation of a particular form" and its sociopolitical setting. His work has been described as being "between the two poles of formalism and historicity." Often taking the form of a series, his works span a wide range of media, including films, installations, objects, and glass paintings.

Galerie Buchholz
Galerie Buchholz is an art gallery specializing in international contemporary art with exhibition spaces in Cologne, Berlin and New York City. The gallery was founded in Cologne in 1986 by Daniel Buchholz, and today is run jointly with Christopher Müller.
Yves Donguy
Yves Donguy (born 1 January 1982 in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire) is a rugby union player for Toulouse in the Top 14 competition. He plays on the wing.

He played in the Heineken Cup Final 2008.

He arrived in France at 6 years old. He started rugby in Bobigny, Seine-Saint-Denis (Partner club CA Brive).

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
Marcus Tullius Tiro
Marcus Tullius Tiro (73 – 4 BC) was first a slave, then a freedman, of Cicero from whom he received his nomen and praenomen. He is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters. After Cicero's death Tiro published his former master's collected works of letters and speeches. He also wrote a considerable number of books himself, and is thought to have invented an early form of shorthand.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Pishchanka Raion
Pishchanka Raion (Ukrainian: Піщанський район) was one of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Pishchanka. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Tulchyn Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast to six. The last estimate of the raion population was 20,021 (2020 est.).

Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast (Ukrainian: Вінницька область, romanized: Vinnytska oblast, IPA: [ˈwinːɪtsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Vinnychchyna (Ukrainian: Вінниччина), is an oblast in central Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. The oblast has a population of 1,509,515 (2022 estimate).
Palenque, Colón
Palenque  is a corregimiento in Santa Isabel District, Colón Province, Panama with a population of 404 as of 2010. It is the seat of Santa Isabel District. Its population as of 1990 was 281; its population as of 2000 was 400.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
Marry Me Today
"Marry Me Today" (Chinese: 今天妳要嫁給我; pinyin: Jīntiān nǐ yào jià gěi wǒ) is a song by Taiwanese singers David Tao and Jolin Tsai, featured on David Tao's fifth studio album Beautiful (2006). It was written by David Tao and Wawa Chen, with production handled by David Tao. It was issued on August 17, 2006, by ECentury as the second single from Beautiful. The song received the Song of the Year award at the 18th Golden Melody Awards.

Hito Music Awards
The Hito Music Awards (Chinese: Hito流行音樂獎) is an annual Mandopop music awards show, presented by Hit FM in Taiwan. Unlike the Golden Melody Awards, which are awarded on the basis of votes by members of the jury, the Hito Music Awards are determined by a poll of the public and fans, who can vote through the official website.

American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift is one of the most celebrated western artists at the awards ceremony, having won six awards as of 2021.
Ilya Klyachko
Ilya Klyachko (Russian Илья Романович Клячко, Ilijia Romanovič Kljačko) (1905–1998) was a pianist and piano teacher, professor of Moscow Conservatory. Among his students were: Mikhail Voskresensky, Elena Sorokina, Alexander Bakhchiev, Alexey Parshin, Galina Turkina,  Julia Turkina and many others.

Aleksei Parshin
Aleksei Nikolaevich Parshin (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Паршин; 7 November 1942 – 18 June 2022) was a Russian mathematician, specializing in arithmetic geometry. He is most well-known for his role in the proof of the Mordell conjecture.
Jan Andrzej Morsztyn
Jan Andrzej Morsztyn (1621–1693) was a Polish poet, member of the landed nobility, and official in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was starosta of Zawichost, Tymbark and Kowal. He was also pantler of Sandomierz (1647–58), Royal Secretary (from 1656), a secular referendary (1658–68), and Deputy Crown Treasurer from 1668. Apart from his career at the Polish court, Morsztyn is famous as a leading poet of the Polish Baroque and a prominent representative of Marinist style in Polish literature. Over his lifetime he accumulated considerable wealth. In 1683 he was accused of treason and was forced to emigrate to France.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Turaida
Turaida (Livonian: Toraid, German: Treiden, Treyden; meaning Thor's garden in Livonian) is a part of Sigulda in the Vidzeme Region of Latvia. Its most famous site is the Brick Gothic Turaida Castle.

In 1212, a peace treaty was signed in Turaida between the Estonian tribes and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Archbishopric of Riga, the Livonians and the Latgalians.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Li Yun (Water Margin)
Li Yun is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Green Eyed Tiger", he ranks 97th among the 108 Stars of Destiny and 61st among the 72 Earthly Fiends.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Rushaway
Rushaway (foaled 1933 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse whose enduring legacy was his two Derby wins on consecutive days in two different states. Owned and trained by Alfred Tarn, in both races, Rushaway was ridden by Tarn's son-in-law, the future National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee Johnny Longden. On Friday afternoon, May 22, 1936, Rushaway won the Illinois Derby at Aurora Downs in Aurora, Illinois. That night, Tarn shipped the three-year-old gelding three hundred miles south via express train to the Latonia Race Track in Latonia, Kentucky, where on Saturday afternoon he won the Latonia Derby. Rushaway's feat of endurance is still talked about more than eighty years later.

Johnny Longden
John Eric "Johnny" Longden (February 14, 1907 – February 14, 2003) was an American Hall of Fame and National Champion jockey and a trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses who was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. His father emigrated to Canada in 1909, settling in Taber, Alberta.