hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid
N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (N-acetyl-GABA), also known as N-acetyl-4-aminobutyric acid, is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from putrescine. Other intermediates in this pathway include N-acetylputrescine and N-acetyl-γ-aminobutyraldehyde (N-acetyl-GABAL or N-acetyl-GABA aldehyde). Enzymes mediating the transformations in this pathway include putrescine acetyltransferase (PAT), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and an unknown deacetylase enzyme. The pathway is a minor pathway in GABA synthesis compared to the main pathway in which GABA is synthesized from glutamate. However, the pathway has been found to have an important physiological role in the brain, for instance in the production of GABA in the striatum and resultant inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in this brain area.

Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are compounds produced during the conversion of substrates (starting molecules) into final products in biochemical reactions within cells.

Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid synthesis.

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions where each step transforms a substrate into a product that serves as the substrate for the next reaction. Metabolic intermediates are compounds that form during these steps, and they are neither the starting substrate nor the final product of the pathway. These intermediates are crucial because they allow for regulation, energy storage, and extraction of chemical energy in a controlled manner.
Awat County
Awat County (Uyghur: ئاۋات ناھىيىسى) is a county in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Awat County is located on the southern foot of the Tian Shan mountain range and on the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert.

Taklamakan Desert
The Taklamakan Desert (/ˌtækləməˈkæn/ TAK-lə-mə-KAN) is a desert in northwest China. Located inside the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang, it is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains to the west, the Tian Shan range to the north, and the Gobi Desert to the east.
Perlow
Perlow is the surname of:

Aharon Perlow (1839–1897), third Rebbe of Koidanov

Gilbert Jerome Perlow (1916–2007), American physicist

Leslie Perlow, American economist

Yaakov Perlow (1931–2020), Novominsker Rebbe

Gilbert Jerome Perlow
Gilbert Jerome Perlow (10 February 1916 – 17 February 2007), was an American physicist famous for his work related to the Mössbauer effect, and an editor of the Journal of Applied Physics and Applied Physics Letters.
Silver Swan (brand)
Silver Swan is a Filipino condiments brand owned by NutriAsia through its subsidiary First PGMC Enterprises, Inc. It was first introduced as a soy sauce brand in 1942. Later on, the brand was expanded to include vinegar, fish sauce, chili sauce, oyster sauce, and other Filipino specialty condiments.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
Asoka De Zoysa Gunawardana
Asoka De Zoysa Gunawardana (6 August 1942 – 26 November 2004) was a Sri Lankan judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 1999 to 2004. He was also a judge of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2001 to 2004.

Previously Justice Gunawardana was a judge of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1996 and a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka from 1996 to 1999.

Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka
The Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka, commonly known as the Appeal Court, is the second most senior court in the Sri Lankan legal system, with only the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka above it. Established in 1971, under the Court of Appeal Act No. 44 of 1971, the Appeal Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court or any lower court; its own decisions may be additionally appealed to the Supreme Court. The Appeal Court is headed by the president of the Court of Appeal.
Commelina diffusa
Commelina diffusa, sometimes known as the climbing dayflower or spreading dayflower, is a pantropical herbaceous plant in the dayflower family. It has been introduced to the southeastern United States where it is most common in wet disturbed soils. There are two recognised varieties, one being the type and the other being C. diffusa var. gigas, which is native to Asia and has been introduced to Florida. It flowers from spring to fall and is most common in disturbed situations, moist places and forests. In China the plant is used medicinally as a febrifuge and a diuretic. A blue dye is also extracted from the flower for paints. In the Hawaiian Islands, it is known as "honohono grass", although it is technically not a grass. "Honohono" refers to the alternating structure of the leaves. At least one publication lists it as an edible plant in New Guinea.

Pantropical
A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Examples include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa.

Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico and the Caribbean southwards (including cold regions in southernmost South America).

Palaeotropical refers to geographical occurrence. For a distribution to be palaeotropical a taxon must occur in tropical regions in the Old World.

According to Takhtajan (1978), the following families have a pantropical distribution: Annonaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Dilleniaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Passifloraceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Malpighiaceae, Proteaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orchidaceae, and Arecaceae.
Serrao
Serrao or Serrão is an Italian and Portuguese surname respectively. Notable people with the surname include:

Alliny Serrão (born 1985), Brazilian politician

Carlos Serrao, American photographer

Francis Serrao (born 1959), Indian Roman Catholic bishop

Francisco Serrão (died 1521), Portuguese explorer

Giovanni Andrea Serrao (1731–1799), Italian intellectual and churchman

João Serrão (died 1521), Spanish navigator

Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão (1925–2020), Portuguese historian

José Carlos Serrão (born 1950), Brazilian football manager and former player

Luella A. Varney Serrao (1865–1935), American sculptor

Manuel Serrão, Portuguese nobleman

Paolo Serrao (1830–1907), Italian composer

Priya Serrao (born 1992), Australian lawyer, policy adviser, beauty pageant titleholder, and Miss Universe Australia 2019

Manuel Serrão
Manuel Serrão was a Portuguese nobleman. The villages of Parel, Wadala, Sion, and Worli in Bombay were granted to Manuel Serrão for 412 pardaos between 1545 and 1548, during the viceroyalty of João de Castro.
Short program
Short program and similar can mean:

Short program (figure skating), part of a figure skating competition

Short Program (manga), a Japanese manga series by Mitsuru Adachi

Short Program, a live-action drama series adaptation of the manga starring members of JO1

Short Program (manga)
Short Program (Japanese: ショート・プログラム, Hepburn: Shōto Puroguramu) is a Japanese manga anthology by Mitsuru Adachi. Four volumes compile stories selected from shōjo, shōnen, josei and seinen works released from 1985 until 2009.
Ardatovsky District
Ardatovsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

Ardatovsky District, Republic of Mordovia, an administrative and municipal district of the Republic of Mordovia

Ardatovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Anastasia Guerra
Anastasia Guerra (born 15 October 1996) is an Italian volleyball player, playing as an opposite. She is part of the Italy women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku. At club level she played for Club Italia in 2015.

Italy women's national volleyball team
The Italy women's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. As of 2025, they hold three major trophies: they are the current Olympics champions, 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League title holders and world champions. The national team is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Pallavolo (FIPAV), the governing body for volleyball in Italy. The team's biggest victories were the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, the 2002 and 2025 World Championships, and the 2007 and 2011 World Cups. In 28 September 2025, with Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.
Subatomic scale
The subatomic scale is the domain of physical size that encompasses objects smaller than an atom. It is the scale at which the atomic constituents, such as the nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and the electrons in their orbitals, become apparent.

The subatomic scale includes the many thousands of times smaller subnuclear scale, which is the scale of physical size at which constituents of the protons and neutrons—particularly quarks—become apparent.

Broadly this may be conveniently divided into:

Fundamental elementary particles as small as  1×10−19 m, quanta that have not yet been further divided.

Nuclear or femtometer 1×10−15 m scale related to subatomic particles

Femtometre
The femtometre (American spelling femtometer), symbol fm, (derived from the Danish and Norwegian word femten 'fifteen', Ancient Greek: μέτρον, romanized: metron, lit. 'unit of measurement') is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to 10−15 metres, which means a quadrillionth of one metre.  This distance is sometimes called a fermi and was so named in honour of Italian naturalized to American physicist Enrico Fermi, as it is a typical length-scale of nuclear physics.
Clinician
A clinician is a health care professional typically employed at a skilled nursing facility or clinic. Clinicians work directly with patients rather than in a laboratory, community health setting or in research. A clinician may diagnose, treat and care for patients as a psychologist, clinical pharmacist, clinical scientist, nurse, occupational therapist, speech-language pathologist, physiotherapist, dentist, optometrist, physician assistant, clinical officer, physician, paramedic, or chaplain. Clinicians undergo and take comprehensive training and exams to be licensed and some complete graduate degrees (master's or doctorates) in their field of expertise.

The main function of a clinician is to manage a sick person in order to cure their illness, reduce pain and suffering, and extend life considering the impact of illness upon the patient and their family as well as other social factors.

Dentist
A dentist, also known as a dental doctor, dental physician, dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
Xia Gong
Xia Gong (Chinese: 夏恭; pinyin: Xià Gōng; Wade–Giles: Hsia Kung; 1872–?) was a politician of the Republic of China. He was the Head of the Japanese puppet government known as the North Shanxi Autonomous Government. Later he was appointed vice-chairman of the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government. He was born in Datong County, Shanxi province.

Yunzhou District
Yunzhou District (simplified Chinese: 云州区; traditional Chinese: 雲州區; pinyin: Yúnzhōu Qū) is a district of the city of Datong, Shanxi. It was formerly known as Datong County (大同县; 大同縣; Dàtóng Xiàn) until 9 February 2018 in a State Council-approved reshuffle of Datong's administrative divisions.
Palmerston North Marist FC
Marist is an amateur association football club in Palmerston North, New Zealand playing in the Women's Central League and the Men's Central League 2. Formed in 1988, it is part of Palmerston North Marist Sports Club, a multi-sport organisation which caters for football, cricket, tennis, hockey, netball, rugby union, and squash.

The club's best performance in national competition came in the 2005 Chatham Cup. They reached the final, but were defeated by Auckland's Central United by two goals to one.

2005 Chatham Cup
The 2005 Chatham Cup was the 78th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.

Up to the last 16 of the competition, the cup was run in three regions (northern, central, and southern), with an open draw from the quarter-finals on. In all, 129 teams took part in the competition. The numbering of rounds in the competition is unclear — some sources record one preliminary round and four full rounds, followed by quarter-finals, semi-finals, and a final; other sources record five rounds. The latter numbering is used in this article.

The scoring record for any Chatham Cup match was equalled in the second round, with Central United demolishing Norwest United 21–0. This tied the previous record set in 1998, when Metro also put 21 goals past the hapless Norwest United.
Valter Bombassei
Valter Bombassei De Bona (born 27 May 1965 in Auronzo di Cadore) is an Italian curler.

At the international level, he is a 2006 European Mixed Curling Championship silver medallist.

At the national level, he is a three-time Italian men's champion curler and a two-time Italian mixed champion curler.

Italian Ice Sports Federation
The Italian Ice Sports Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio; FISG), is the governing body for ice sports in Italy. It was founded in September 1926 to promote the practice of winter sports on ice and to coordinate events. The FISG is a member of a number of international sports organizations including the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and the International Skating Union (ISU). The headquarter is in Milan.
Antonio Sinforiano
Antonio Sinforiano Timotio Luis Fernandes (22 August 1930 – 11 March 1981), known professionally as Antonio Sinforiano or A. Sinforiano, was an Indian playwright, theatrical producer, ghostwriter, composer, prompter, and stagehand known for his work in tiatr productions staged post-liberation.

Theatrical production
A theatrical production is any work of theatre, such as a staged play, musical, comedy or drama produced from a written book or script. Theatrical productions also extend to other performance designations such as Dramatic and Nondramatic theatre, as well as Dance theatre. These works are protected by common law or statuary copyright unless in the public domain.
Smętowice
Smętowice [smɛntɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Marienhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołbaskowo, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of Police and 11 km (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Szczecin.

The National road 13, which connects Szczecin with the Polish-German border at Rosówek, runs through the village.

Since the Middle Ages the area was part of Poland and the Duchy of Pomerania following Poland's fragmentation, Sweden, Prussia and Germany, before it became part of Poland again following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II in 1945.

Police County
Police County (Polish: powiat policki, [pɔˈlʲit͡sɛ]) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Polish-German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Police, which lies 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Nowe Warpno, lying 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Police.

The county covers an area of 664.16 square kilometres (256.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,147, out of which the population of Police is 34,284, that of Nowe Warpno is 1,170 and the rural population is 28,693.
Thomas P. Smith Water Reclamation Facility
The Thomas P. Smith Water Reclamation Facility (TPSWRF) is owned and operated by the city of Tallahassee, Florida.  The facility provides sewage treatment services for Tallahassee, Florida and the surrounding areas.

Effluent
Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility. The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollutants depending on the source.
Ajoo
Ajoo (Born Noh Ah-joo, (Korean: 노아주 on July 6, 1990) is a South Korean singer and dancer who debuted in 2008 with the single "1st Kiss".

Although his first single did not do as well as expected on music charts he made a comeback with "Paparazzi" which features labelmate and popular female solo artist Younha. Younha also wrote the lyrics for the song and appeared in the music video.

He released a single in early 2009 titled "재벌2세" ("Wealthy 2nd Generation"), which deals with the topic of rich, spoiled children.  The song was banned in its original state from KBS, saying that the song was encouraging excessive, indulgent lifestyles; this was criticized by the public, saying that KBS's own dramas were guilty of the same thing, namely its hit Boys Over Flowers.

In 2010 he starred in a Thai film Kaorak thi kaoli Sorry saranghaeyo by Poj Arnon, as himself.

Poj Arnon
Poj Arnon (Thai: พชร์ อานนท์; formerly spelled: พจน์ อานนท์) is a Thai film director. He is best known for his 2007 film Bangkok Love Story, that won him the Grand Prize (International Competition) at the Brussels International Independent Film Festival.
Correctional Reception Center
The Correctional Reception Center is a state prison for men located in Orient, Pickaway County, Ohio, opened in 1987, owned and operated by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

The facility holds a maximum of 1500 inmates at various security levels.  The prison is immediately adjacent to the state's Pickaway Correctional Institution.

Ariel Castro committed suicide while incarcerated at the facility in September 2013.

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC or ODRC) is the administrative department for the state of Ohio responsible for oversight of its adult prison system, along with its inmate population. Ohio's prison system is the sixth-largest in America, with 27 adult prisons and three facilities for juveniles. Inmates are classified with a security level of 1 through 4, including a special classification level of "E", with level 1 being the lowest and least restrictive, while level "E" is the highest, with the most restrictive security control measures in place. In December 2018, the number of inmates in Ohio totaled 49,255, with the prison system spending nearly $1.8 billion that year. ODRC headquarters are located in Columbus.
Canton of Perreux
The canton of Perreux is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 16,565 inhabitants (2012).

The canton comprised the following communes:

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.
Elk Creek (Gasconade River tributary)
Elk Creek is a stream in central to northeast Wright County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Gasconade River.

The stream headwaters arise some eight miles north-northwest of Hartville between the communities of Loring and Durbin. The stream flows to the north and northeast passing under routes H and Z to its confluence with the Gasconade in northern Wright County about 1.5 miles southeast of Competition in southern Laclede County.

Elk Creek was because of elk in the area.

Wright County, Missouri
Wright County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,188. Its county seat is Hartville. The county was officially organized on January 29, 1841, and is named after Silas Wright (D-New York), a former Congressman, U.S. Senator and Governor of New York.

As of the 2020 United States census, the U.S. Census Bureau recognized the mean center of the United States population to be within the county, near the community of Hartville.
Desulfurellaceae
The Desulfurellaceae are a small family of Campylobacterota, given their own order and class. The family was classified under Deltaproteobacteria per established nomenclature in LPSN, but phylogenetic evidence has moved it elsewhere.

Myxococcota
The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments.
Emmanuel de Blommaert
Emmanuel de Blommaert de Soye (15 October 1875 – 12 April 1944) was a Belgian horse rider who competed in the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1912 he won the bronze medal in the individual jumping competition, riding Clomore, and finished sixths with the Belgian team in the team jumping event. In the individual dressage competition he was 21st. In the individual eventing contest, he was disqualified in the cross country ride, and the Belgian team was unplaced in the team eventing competition, when none of their riders were able to finish.

Eight years later, he and his horse Grizzly finished eleventh in the individual dressage event.

Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Individual eventing
The individual eventing (Military) was an equestrian event held as part of the equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event.

The competition was held from Saturday to Wednesday, 13 to 17 July 1912 for a period of five days, with a day rest after the first two events. A maximum of four riders from each nation was allowed. The entries closed on 1 June 1912. Every rider had to ride only one and the same horse in the event.