hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amplypterus panopus
Amplypterus panopus, the mango hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found in Sri Lanka, southern and northern India (including the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands), Nepal, Myanmar, southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia (to Sulawesi) and the Philippines.

Nicobar Islands
The Nicobar Islands /ˈnɪkəbɑːr/ are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, 150 kilometres (93 mi) northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) southeast of the Indian subcontinent, across the Bay of Bengal, they are part of India, as the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Together with the Andaman Islands to their north, the Nicobar Islands serve as a maritime boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east.

In 2013, UNESCO added the Great Nicobar Island to its World Network of Biosphere Reserves, a list of internationally designated protected areas.
1981 Boston City Council election
Boston City Council election was held on November 3, 1981, with preliminary elections on September 21, 1981. This election was the final one before the Council transitioned from having 9 members (all at-large) to having 13 members (9 district representatives and 4 at-large).

Frederick C. Langone
Frederick Charles Langone (October 31, 1921 – June 25, 2001) was an American politician who served as a member of the Boston City Council from 1961 to 1971 and from 1973 to 1983. He was Council President in 1966. Langone, unofficially dubbed the mayor of the North End, was known as a defender of the "common guy" and an opponent of gentrification, as well as a budget expert who was extremely knowledgeable about the workings of city government. He was also known for his colorful personality.
Twin City Stars
The Twin City Stars was a Central Illinois Collegiate League baseball team located in the twin cities of Normal, Illinois and Bloomington, Illinois. The Stars' home fields were Duffy Bass Field on the campus of Illinois State University and Horenberger Field on the campus of Illinois Wesleyan University. The team was founded in 1982 by Illinois State University Hall of Fame Coach Buford "Duffy" Bass and his graduate assistant coach, Eldon Warfield. Former Stars players who reached the major leagues include Ben Zobrist, Paul Wagner, Sal Fasano and Mickey Morandini.

Sal Fasano
Salvatore Frank Fasano (/fəˈsɑːnoʊ/; born August 10, 1971) is an American former professional baseball catcher, who played for nine different Major League Baseball (MLB) teams over his 11–year big league career. Upon retiring as a player, he became a coach within the Toronto Blue Jays organization between 2010 and 2016. After coaching for a single season within the Los Angeles Angels minor league system, Fasano joined the major league coaching staff of the Atlanta Braves. He currently serves as the assistant pitching coach for the Angels.

Jeff Pearlman of ESPN.com said of Fasano: "When I think of Sal Fasano, however, I think of greatness. Not of Willie Mays or Ted Williams greatness, but of a uniquely excellent human being who, were class and decency the most valued standards of a career, would be the easiest Hall of Fame inductee of all time."
Sky Hook
Sky Hook was a science fiction fanzine published by Redd Boggs from 1948 to 1957. It was nominated for the 1954 Retro-Hugo for Best Fanzine.

Contributors included Poul Anderson, James Blish, Philip José Farmer, Dean Grennell, David Keller, Virginia Kidd (as "Virginia Blish"), Sam Moskowitz, William Rotsler, and Jack Speer.

Jack Speer
John Bristol Speer (August 9, 1920 – June 28, 2008) was an attorney, practicing law for over 60 years; a judge; and a Washington House of Representatives member.

Also a long-time science fiction fan and important early historian of science fiction fandom, Speer wrote Up to Now: A History of Science Fiction Fandom and Fancyclopedia.
2011 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg
The 2011 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg was the first race of the 2011 IZOD IndyCar Series season. The race took place on March 27, on the 1.800-mile (2.897 km) temporary street circuit in St. Petersburg, Florida, and was telecast by ABC in the United States.

Charlie Kimball
Charles Newton Kimball (born February 20, 1985) is an American former race car driver who most recently competed in the IndyCar Series with A. J. Foyt Enterprises. He has scored a win, six podiums, and 13 top 5s during his IndyCar career. His best season results were ninth in 2013 and 2016. In addition, he won the 2013 24 Hours of Daytona.
Detoxification foot baths
Detoxification foot baths, also known as foot detox, ionic cleansing, ionic foot bath and aqua/water detox are pseudoscientific alternative medical devices marketed as being able to remove toxins from the human body. They work by providing an electric current to an electrode array immersed in a salt water solution. When switched on, the electrodes rapidly rust in a chemical process called electrolysis which quickly turns the water brown. This reaction happens regardless of whether or not a person's feet are immersed in the water, and no toxins from the human body have ever been detected in the water after use.

Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity."
Thomas Clausen (educator)
Thomas Greenwood Clausen (December 22, 1939 – February 20, 2002) was an educator from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who was the last elected state superintendent of education, a position which he filled as a Democrat from 1984 to 1988 during the third administration of Governor Edwin Edwards.

Governor of Louisiana
The governor of Louisiana (French: Gouverneur de la Louisiane; Spanish: Gobernador de Luisiana) is the chief executive  of the U.S. state government of Louisiana. The governor also serves as the commander in chief of the Louisiana National Guard. Republican Jeff Landry has held the office since January 8, 2024.
Nigel Jenkins
Nigel Jenkins (20 July 1949 – 28 January 2014) was an Anglo-Welsh poet. He was an editor, journalist, psychogeographer, broadcaster and writer of creative non-fiction, as well as being a lecturer at Swansea University and director of the creative writing programme there.

Wales Book of the Year
The Wales Book of the Year is a Welsh literary award given annually to the best Welsh and English language works in the fields of fiction and literary criticism by Welsh or Welsh interest authors. Established in 1992, the awards are currently administered by Literature Wales, and supported by the Arts Council of Wales, Welsh Government and the Welsh Books Council.
The Magic of Herself the Elf
The Magic of Herself the Elf (also known by its on-screen title, The Special Magic of Herself the Elf) is a 1983 American animated television special that premiered in the United States on July 30, 1983 in broadcast syndication. The special was produced by the Canadian animation company, Nelvana Limited, Scholastic Entertainment, and Those Characters from Cleveland, and distributed by Lexington Broadcast Services.

Directed by John Celestri (credited under first name Gian) and Raymond Jafelice, it stars the voices of Jerry Orbach, Georgia Engel and Priscilla Lopez. The music was sung and performed, though not written, by Judy Collins. The special is based on the American Greetings/Mattel property, Herself the Elf, starring Terri Hawkes. It was released once on video by Scholastic-Lorimar (a label of Karl-Lorimar Home Video). There are no further home video releases to date.

Lorimar Television
Lorimar Television (formerly Lorimar Productions, Inc. and Lorimar Distribution, commonly known as Lorimar) was an American production company that was later a subsidiary of Warner Bros. It was active from February 1, 1969 until December 1, 1993, when it was combined into Warner Bros. Television. The company was founded by Irwin Molasky, Merv Adelson, and Lee Rich. The brand was a portmanteau of the name of Merv's then wife, Lori, and Palomar Airport, in San Diego.
Marc Sylvan
Marc Sylvan is an English composer and sound designer.

His television credits include The Masked Singer, The Million Pound Drop, Pointless, Total Wipeout, Tipping Point, Catchphrase, All Together Now, Cannonball, Family Fortunes, Alesha's Street Dance Stars, The Bank Job, Golden Balls, 101 Ways to Leave a Gameshow, Divided, and Richard Osman's House of Games.

His work on the sci-fi short ‘Embryo’ won ‘Best Sound Design’ at Vision Festival in 2005, which led to collaborations with Beavis & Butthead animator James Dean Conklin and Shrek animator Lee Lanier.

Sylvan has often worked with award-winning video game composer Richard Jacques on game releases including Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing, The Club and Virtua Tennis. Other collaborations include working with former The Rakes guitarist Matthew Swinnerton under the name 'Buro'.

Sylvan is published by Faber Music and is also a director and on the media executive of The Ivors Academy.

Divided (British game show)
Divided is a British game show that aired on ITV from 18 May 2009 to 7 May 2010. It was hosted by Andrew Castle with Charlotte Hudson as the Question Master for Series 1 and Rachel Pierman as the Question Master for Series 2.
Moniruzzaman (linguist, University of Chittagong)
Maniruzzaman, also known as Mohāmmada Manirujjāmāna, (Bengali: মনিরুজ্জামান; 15 February 1940 – 27 August 2024) was a Bangladeshi linguist. He was a Professor of Linguistics at the University of Chittagong. His publications included 36 (thirty six) authored books and 7 (seven) edited books; his writings included poetry, song lyrics, literary criticism and studies of folklore, as well as linguistics. He was awarded the 2015 Bangla Academy Literary Award in the Research category and the 2023 Ekushey Padak in the language and literature category.

Bangla Academy Literary Award
The Bangla Academy Literary Award (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার; Bangla Academy Shahitya Puroshkar) is given by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh in recognition of creative genius in advancement and overall contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

It was introduced in 1960 and recognized six categories: poetry, novels, short stories, essays, children's literature and translation. Beginning in 1985, two more awards were introduced to recognize overall contributions to Bengali language and literature.

At present, the Bangla Academy award is given in three fields:

Poetry, novel, and short story

Research, essay, and science

Translation, drama, and juvenile literature
Nikita Mokin
Nikita Vladimirovich Mokin (Russian: Никита Владимирович Мокин; born March 14, 1992) is a Kazakhstani-Russian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing with Avangard Omsk in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Mokin selected 148th overall in the seventh round of 2010 KHL Junior Draft by Avangard Omsk.

2010 KHL Junior Draft
The 2010 KHL Junior Draft was the second entry draft held by the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), taking place on June 4, 2010. Ice hockey players from around the world aged between 17 and 21 years of age were selected. Players eligible to take part in the draft were required to not have an active contract with a KHL, MHL or VHL team. A total of 690 players participated in the draft, 490 of these playing in Russia, 100 in Europe and 100 in North America.

The first pick of the first round was Dmitrij Jaškin playing for VHK Vsetín at the time of the draft. He was picked by Sibir Novosibirsk.
Venetoraptor
Venetoraptor (meaning "Vale Vêneto plunderer") is an extinct genus of lagerpetid archosaurs from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation (Paraná Basin) of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The genus contains a single species, V. gassenae, known from a partial skeleton. Venetoraptor is characterized by the presence of a beak and scythe-like claws on long fingers.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
U-47700
U-47700, also known as U4, pink heroin, pinky, and pink, is an opioid analgesic drug developed by a team at Upjohn in the 1970s which has around 7.5 times the potency of morphine in animal models.

U-47700 is a structural isomer of the earlier opioid AH-7921 and the result of a great deal of work elucidating the quantitative structure–activity relationship of the scaffold. Upjohn looked for the key moieties which gave the greatest activity and posted over a dozen patents on related compounds, each optimizing one moiety until they discovered that U-47700 was the most active.

U-47700 became the lead compound of selective kappa-opioid receptor ligands such as U-50488, U-51754 (containing a pyrrolidine rather than a dimethylamine substituent) and U-69,593, which share very similar structures. Although not used medically, the selective kappa ligands are used in research.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Mreijeb Elmashad
Mreijeb Elmashad (Arabic: مريجب المشهد)  is a Syrian village located in Sinjar Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mreijeb Elmashad had a population of 698 in the 2004 census.

Maarat al-Numan District
Maarat al-Numan District (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة مَعَرَّةُ نُعْمَانِ, romanized: Manṭiqat Maʿarrat Nuʿmān) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al-Numan. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 371,829.
RIVA TNT2
The RIVA TNT2 is a graphics processing unit manufactured by Nvidia starting in early 1999. The chip is codenamed "NV5" because it is the 5th graphics chip design by Nvidia, succeeding the RIVA TNT (NV4). RIVA is an acronym for Real-time Interactive Video and Animation accelerator. The "TNT" suffix refers to the chip's ability to work on two texels at once (TwiN Texel). Nvidia removed RIVA from the name later in the chip's lifetime.

Texel (graphics)
In computer graphics, a texel, texture element, or texture pixel  is the fundamental unit of a texture map. Textures are represented by arrays of texels representing the texture space, just as other images are represented by arrays of pixels.

Texels can also be described by image regions that are obtained through simple procedures such as thresholding. Voronoi tesselation can be used to define their spatial relationships—divisions are made at the midpoints between the centroids of each texel and the centroids of every surrounding texel for the entire texture. This results in each texel centroid having a Voronoi polygon surrounding it, which consists of all points that are closer to its own texel centroid than any other centroid.
Yang Zhicheng (PLA general)
Yang Zhicheng (Chinese: 杨至成; 30 November 1903 – 3 February 1967) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 3rd National People's Congress.

3rd National People's Congress
The 3rd National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1964 to 1975. It held only one session in the ten years due to the disruption caused by the ongoing Cultural Revolution launched by Chairman Mao Zedong after 1966.
MRF optimization via dual decomposition
In dual decomposition a problem is broken into smaller subproblems and a solution to the relaxed problem is found. This method can be employed for MRF optimization. Dual decomposition is applied to markov logic programs as an inference technique.

Lagrangian relaxation
In the field of mathematical optimization, Lagrangian relaxation is a relaxation method which approximates a difficult problem of constrained optimization by a simpler problem. A solution to the relaxed problem is an approximate solution to the original problem, and provides useful information.

The method penalizes violations of inequality constraints using a Lagrange multiplier, which imposes a cost on violations. These added costs are used instead of the strict inequality constraints in the optimization. In practice, this relaxed problem can often be solved more easily than the original problem.

The problem of maximizing the Lagrangian function of the dual variables (the Lagrangian multipliers) is the Lagrangian dual problem.
Silk Stalkings
Silk Stalkings is an American crime drama television series that premiered on CBS on November 7, 1991, as part of the network's late-night Crimetime After Primetime programming package. Broadcast for two seasons until CBS ended the Crimetime experiment in June 1993, the subsequent six seasons ran exclusively on USA Network until the series finale on April 18, 1999. The show was creator Stephen J. Cannell's longest-running series. Its title is a wordplay on "silk stockings".

The series portrays the daily lives of two detectives who solve sexually based crimes of passion ("silk stalkings") among the ultra-rich of Palm Beach, Florida. Most episodes were shot in San Diego, California, while some were filmed in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Stocking
Stockings (also known as hose, especially in a historical context) are close-fitting, variously elastic garments covering the leg from the foot up to the knee or possibly part or all of the thigh. Stockings vary in color, design, and transparency. Today, stockings are primarily worn for fashion and aesthetics, usually in association with mid-length or short skirts.
Lucienne Patassé
Lucienne Lemotomo Patassé (1944 – July 29, 2000) was a Central African politician and member of the National Assembly, representing the Nana-Bakassa constituency in Ouham Prefecture for two terms from 1993 to 2000. She was also the first wife of Ange-Félix Patassé, who later became President of the Central African Republic after their separation.

Order of Central African Merit
The Order of Central African Merit is the highest civil decoration of the Central African Republic. It was instituted on 20 June 1959, with the Grand Officer class being added on October 13, 1961.

It is awarded for special merit in the humanitarian, economic and social spheres.
Kalhara Senarathne
Kalhara Senarathne (born 24 August 2000) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament on 14 December 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 9 March 2021, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his List A debut on 24 March 2021, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament. In November 2021, he was selected to play for the Kandy Warriors following the players' draft for the 2021 Lanka Premier League.

Kandy Falcons
Kandy Falcons (in 2022 and since 2024), formerly known as B-Love Kandy (2023), Kandy Warriors (2021), and Kandy Tuskers (2020), is a Sri Lankan franchise professional Twenty20 cricket team founded in 2020 that competes in the Lanka Premier League (LPL), representing the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka. Chris Gayle signed up as the marquee overseas player and Kusal Perera as the local icon Player. In October 2021, the team changed their name to Kandy Warriors after changing owners.
Yapleu
Yapleu is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Man Department in Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.

Yapleu was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Yapleu was 7,735.

Tonkpi
Tonkpi Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Montagnes District. The seat of the region is Man and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,387,909, predominantly of Dan (Yacouba) ethnicity.

Tonkpi is currently divided into five departments: Biankouma, Danané, Man, Sipilou, and Zouan-Hounien.
Extromatica Network Monitor
Extromatica Network Monitor is a network monitoring application created and maintained by Extromatica company. It is designed to monitor network hardware, servers and network services for faults and performance degradation. It alerts users when things go wrong and again when they get better. The software supports a variety of real-time notification mechanisms, including Short Message Service (SMS).

Event Viewer
Event Viewer is a component of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system that lets administrators and users view the event logs, typically file extensions .evt and .evtx, on a local or remote machine. Applications and operating-system components can use this centralized log service to report events that have taken place, such as a failure to start a component or to complete an action. In Windows Vista, Microsoft overhauled the event system.

Due to the Event Viewer's routine reporting of minor start-up and processing errors (which do not, in fact, harm or damage the computer), the software is frequently used by technical support scammers to trick the victim into thinking that their computer contains critical errors requiring immediate technical support. An example is the "Administrative Events" field under "Custom Views" which can have over a thousand errors or warnings logged over a month's time.
Kaia Varjord
Kaia Varjord (born 7 July 1978) is a Norwegian actress.

She was born in Drøbak, but grew up in Hølen and attended the Nordic Institute of Stage and Studio and Norwegian National Academy of Theatre. She was originally a stage actress; her first television series was Fremtiden kommer bakfra.

She played Karianne in the 2012 film 90 Minutes, a film about domestic violence. Aksel Hennie's character Trond subjects Karianne to violence in a 30-minute segment. The film earned her a 2013 Amanda Award as Newcomer of the Year. She went straight from 90 Minutes to starring in the feelgood TV series Hjem, having also starred in the series Hvaler.

Oslo National Academy of the Arts
The Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Norwegian: Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO) is a tertiary institution in Oslo, Norway, that provides education in visual arts, design and performing arts. It is one of two public institutes of higher learning in Norway that teaches in visual arts and design, the other being the Bergen National Academy of the Arts in Bergen.

KHiO was created by merging five former colleges, or national academies: of Arts and Crafts; Fine Arts; Opera;  Ballet, and Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).