hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Showa Aircraft Industry
Showa Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. (昭和飛行機工業株式会社, Shōwa Hikōki Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese company. Its headquarters are at Akishima-shi, Tokyo Prefecture, a region of Tokyo Metropolis. It was established in 1937 as a manufacturer of military aircraft in Akishima-shi. In World War II it was one of two companies manufacturing the Showa/Nakajima L2D, a license-built Douglas DC-3 variant. It also manufactured other military aircraft. Since the 1950s the company began to manufacture specialized freight trucks such as tank trucks and grain hopper trailers.

Honeycomb panels manufactured by Showa Aircraft Industry has been used on a number of spacecraft including the Hayabusa asteroid sample return mission, the joint NASA-JAXA GPM Core Observatory satellite, and the H-II Transfer Vehicle.

H-II Transfer Vehicle
The H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), also called Kounotori (Japanese: こうのとり; lit. 'white stork'), was an expendable Japanese automated cargo spacecraft designed for International Space Station (ISS) resupply missions, particularly Kibō, the Japanese laboratory module.

Development of the spacecraft began in the early 1990s and the HTV's first mission, HTV-1, was launched on 10 September 2009 on an H-IIB launch vehicle. The HTV was crucial for ISS resupply, especially after the retirement of the Space Shuttle, as it was the only vehicle capable of transporting large International Standard Payload Racks (ISPR) and disposing of old ones within the ISS's US Orbital Segment. The final HTV mission, Kounotori 9, was launched on 20 May 2020. HTV's successor, the HTV-X, made its maiden flight in October 2025.
Island Queen (1896 steamboat)
Island Queen was a sidewheel steamboat built in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1896. She operated as a passenger boat cruising along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers as both an excursion boat and tramp steamer. Island Queen burned in 1922 in a fire which destroyed several other vessels. A second Island Queen was built in 1925 to replace the original.

Excursion
An excursion is a trip, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other (typically work-related) purposes.

Short excursions for education or for observations of natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day educational field studies are often made by classes as extracurricular exercises, for example, to visit a natural or geographical feature.

The term is also used for short military movements into foreign territory, without a formal announcement of war.
Sisteron
Sisteron (French pronunciation: [sistəʁɔ̃]; Occitan: [sisˈtɛru(n)], Mistralian norm: Sisteroun; from Old Occitan: Sestaron) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France.

Sisteron is situated on the banks of the river Durance just after the confluence of the rivers Buëch and Sasse. It is sometimes called the "Gateway to Provence" because it is in a narrow gap between two long mountain ridges. Despite its relatively small population, it serves as a long-distance navigation reference point, routinely signed as far away as Grenoble.

It is  135 km (84 mi) from Marseille, also 135 km (84 mi) from Grenoble, 180 km (110 mi) from Nice and 40 km (25 mi) from Forcalquier.

There are 1,573 hectares (3,890 acres) of forest and wood within the commune.

Old Occitan
Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, Catalan: occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term occitanus appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: romans) or "Provençal" (Occitan: proensals) in medieval texts.
1969 Mongolian National Championship
The 1969 Mongolian National Championship was the sixth recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held in 1965. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar, the Mongolian Army Sports Club, won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1969 national championship was won by Tengeriin Bugnuud, a team from Bat-Ölzii, a sum (district) of Övörkhangai Province in southern Mongolia, their second title following victory in the 1967 championship.

Districts of Mongolia
A district or sum (/sʊm/; Mongolian: сум ᠰᠤᠮᠤ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums.

On average, each district administers a territory of 4,200 km2 (1,600 sq mi) with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies.

Each district is again subdivided into bags (brigades; sometimes spelled baghs). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement.

Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (sum centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being unknown even to the locals.
The Gorge
The Gorge can refer to the following:

The Columbia River Gorge, a section of the Columbia River in Washington and Oregon

The Gorge Amphitheatre, a concert venue in George, Washington, United States of America
The Gorge (album), a live album by the Dave Matthews Band from The Gorge Amphitheatre
Live at the Gorge 05/06, a live box set by Pearl Jam from The Gorge Amphitheatre

The Gorge, a geological feature of Federated Women's Club State Forest in Massachusetts, United States of America

The Gorge, Shropshire, a civil parish in Shropshire, England

Cataract Gorge, a river gorge located in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia

Vikos Gorge, Pindus Mountains, Greece

The Gorge and Gorge Water, part of the inner reaches of Victoria Harbour, British Columbia

A 1968 television play by Peter Nichols, in the BBC's Wednesday Play series

The Gorge (film), a 2025 American science fiction horror action film

Federated Women's Club State Forest
Federated Women's Club State Forest is a Massachusetts state forest located in the towns of Petersham and New Salem. Notable forest scenery is found along wooded roads with views of Fever Brook, which has been dammed and provides a stopover for migrating birds. The forest's most prominent geological feature, "The Gorge," is found in the southwest part of the property. The forest is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Clarkia, Idaho
Clarkia is a small unincorporated community in the southwestern corner of Shoshone County, Idaho. It is surrounded by publicly and privately managed forest lands of Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, and Western Larch. Located just to the east of State Highway 3, the town is in the drainage area of the West Fork of the St. Maries River.

Western larch
The western larch (Larix occidentalis) is a species of larch native to the mountains of western North America (Pacific Northwest, Inland Northwest); in Canada in southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, and in the United States in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, northern Idaho, and western Montana. It is the most productive of the three species of larch native to North America.
Ali Shaath
Ali Shaath (Arabic: علي شعث; born July 14, 1958) is a Palestinian official and civil engineer. On January 14, 2026, Shaath was named as Chief Commissioner of the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza in a joint statement by Qatari, Egyptian and Turkish mediators of the Gaza peace plan. He has held several positions in the Palestinian Authority, including in relation to transportation and planning. Shaath is originally from Khan Yunis, but is based in the West Bank. Shaath holds a PhD in civil engineering from Queen's University Belfast. As Chair of the PNCAG, he is expected to oversee the provision of humanitarian aid and reconstruction of the Gaza Strip following extensive Israeli bombardment during the Gaza war and genocide.

In a statement, Shaath stated that the committee would focus on establishing security in the Gaza Strip and restoring infrastructure destroyed during the war, including electricity, water, healthcare, and education.

Khan Yunis
31°20′40″N 34°18′11″E﻿ / ﻿31.34444°N 34.30306°E﻿ / 31.34444; 34.30306

Khan Yunis (Arabic: خان يونس, lit. 'khan (caravanserai) [of] Yunis'), also spelled Khan Younis or Khan Yunus, is a city in the southern Gaza Strip, Palestine, and serves as the capital of the Khan Yunis Governorate. It has been largely destroyed during the Gaza war.

Before the 14th century, Khan Yunis was a village known as "Salqah". A vast caravanserai, today known as Barquq Castle, was constructed there by the emir Yunis al-Nawruzi in 1387–88, an official of the Mamluk Empire to protect caravans, pilgrims, and travellers.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Khan Yunis had a population of 205,125 in 2017. Khan Yunis, which lies only four kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) east of the Mediterranean Sea, has a semi-arid climate with temperature of 30 °C maximum in summer and 10 °C minimum in winter, with an annual rainfall of approximately 260 mm (10.2 in).
Istanbul fireworks disaster
The Istanbul fireworks disaster occurred on 1 February 2008. An unlicensed fireworks factory exploded accidentally, leaving by some reports at least 22 people dead and at least 100 injured; other sources reported the death toll at 17 and 40 injured. The building that housed the unlicensed factory was in Davutpaşa, Esenler an industrial neighborhood. It was a multistory workshop complex it shared with other manufacturers of paint, socks and textiles. Two separate explosions were reported some five minutes apart from each other, the first possibly happening in the top floor fireworks factory, and the second larger explosion, reportedly emanating from the basement boilers where the paint manufacturing was located.

After the incident the building was partially collapsed and this had caused many of the victims to be crushed to death when floors collapsed.

The factory had reportedly been shut down by authorities twice prior to this incident, but continued to operate illegally.

Paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and each has distinct characteristics.

Primitive forms of paint were used tens of thousands of years ago in cave paintings.

Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house).
Evelyn Cunningham
Evelyn Cunningham (January 25, 1916 – April 28, 2010) was an American journalist and aide to Nelson Rockefeller. Cunningham covered the early civil rights movement and was a reporter and editor for the Pittsburgh Courier. She and the paper's staff were awarded the George Polk Award in 1998 for their coverage.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.
Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Southwestern China
The campaign to suppress bandits in southwestern China was a counterinsurgency campaign waged by the forces of the Chinese Communist Party against the Chinese Nationalist guerrillas, mostly consisting of bandits and regular Nationalist forces not withdrawn from mainland China during the transfer of the Nationalist government to Taiwan. The campaign occurred after the conclusion of World War II during the Chinese Civil War in Southwest China. The Communist counterinsurgency campaign was ultimately successful.

Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui (traditional Chinese: 馬鴻逵; simplified Chinese: 马鸿逵; pinyin: Mǎ Hóngkuí; Wade–Giles: Ma Hung-k'uei, 
Xiao'erjing: مَا خٌ‌کُوِ; March 14, 1892 – January 14, 1970) was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Ningxia. His rank was lieutenant general. His courtesy name was Shao-yun (少雲). In 1950, Hongkui migrated to the United States, where he lived until he died in 1970.

He was considered by some sources to be among China's best generals.
Kotla Moosa
Kotla Moosa is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from sub district headquarter, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from district headquarter and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Qadian. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Gurdaspur district
Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district. The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Ludhiana and Amritsar. Batala, with 31% of the district's population, is its largest city.
Gephyrochromis lawsi
Gephyrochromis lawsi is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to the northern part of Lake Malawi in Malawi and Tanzania. This species is normally found at deep levels, where the steep, rocky coastlines meet sand substrates. It prefers patches of sand at average depths of around 20 metres (66 ft). They feed mainly on loose aufwuchs. The males are weakly territorial and will defend their territories against intruders, while the females are solitary.

It may be threatened by overfishing by fishermen using beach seine nets, although it is a bycatch rather than one of the target species. It is sometimes collected for the aquarium trade.

The specific name honours the Scottish missionary Robert Laws (1851–1934).

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Maitansine
Maitansine (INN), or maytansine (USAN), is a cytotoxic agent. It inhibits the assembly of microtubules by binding to tubulin at the rhizoxin binding site. The maytansine binding site and binding mode has been characterized.

It is a macrolide of the ansamycin type and can be isolated from plants of the genus Maytenus.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
United States v. Willow River Power Co.
United States v. Willow River Power Co., 324 U.S. 499 (1945), is a 1945 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court involving the question whether the United States was liable under the Fifth Amendment for a "taking" of private property for a public purpose when it built a dam on navigable waters that raised the water level upstream to lessen the head of water at a power company’s dam, thereby decreasing the production of power by the company’s hydroelectric turbines. The Court’s opinion is notable because it considers whether the courts will provide a remedy because a property right has been invaded, or whether a property right exists because the courts will enforce it. This question has been compared with the dilemma found in Plato's dialogue Euthyphro.

Eminent domain in the United States
In the United States, eminent domain is the power of a state or the federal government to take private property for public use while requiring just compensation to be given to the original owner. It can be legislatively delegated by the state to municipalities, government subdivisions, or even to private persons or corporations, when they are authorized to exercise the functions of public character.

Property taken by eminent domain may be for government use or by delegation to third parties, who will devote it to public or civic use or, in some cases, to economic development. The most common uses are for government buildings and other facilities, public utilities, highways and railroads. However, it may also be taken for reasons of public safety, as in the case of Centralia, Pennsylvania, where land was taken due to an underground mine fire. Some jurisdictions require that the condemnor make an offer to purchase the subject property before resorting to the use of eminent domain.
Narvesen Prize
The Narvesen Prize was a Norwegian prize for those who excelled in journalism. It was established in 1954 by the company Narvesen, but the Norwegian Press Association was behind the selection of winners. It was discontinued in 1990.

Dagsavisen
Dagsavisen is a daily newspaper published in Oslo, Norway. The former party organ of the Norwegian Labour Party, the ties loosened over time from 1975 to 1999. It has borne several names, and was called Arbeiderbladet from 1923 to 1997. Eirik Hoff Lysholm is editor-in-chief. The newspaper depends on economic support from the Norwegian Government.
2022 Georgia House of Representatives election
The 2022 Georgia House of Representatives elections were held on November 8, 2022, as part of the biennial United States elections. The election coincided with elections for other offices including for governor, U.S Senate, U.S House, and State Senate. Georgia voters elected state representatives in all 180 of the state house's districts to the 157th Georgia General Assembly. State representatives serve two-year terms in the Georgia House of Representatives. The primary election was held on May 24, 2022, with a primary run-off held on June 21, 2022.

The Democrats gained two seats, decreasing the Republican majority to 101 out of 180 seats.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Hyundai Gamma engine
The Hyundai Gamma engine was introduced in 2006 to replace the existing Hyundai Alpha engine. There are 1.4 L and 1.6 L versions of this engine.

Being a development from the Alpha II engine, significant changes include the aluminum construction of the block and cylinder head, resulting in a 15 kg weight reduction to just under 100 kg, and the use of a timing chain instead of belt. It is also the first offset crankshaft engine developed by Hyundai.

Production takes place in Shandong, (China, by Hyundai WIA), Žilina (Slovakia), Hwaseong (South Korea) and Irungattukottai (India).

Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
Hwaseong (Korean: 화성; Korean pronunciation: [ɸa.sʰʌŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is located on the coast of the Yellow Sea. It has the largest area of farmland of any city or county in Gyeonggi Province. Seoul Subway Line 1 passes through Hwaseong, stopping at Byeongjeom Station. Suin-Bundang Line also passes through the city, stopping at Eocheon Station.

Hwaseong Fortress is located in nearby Suwon.
CCIR System L
CCIR System L is an analog broadcast television system used in France, Luxembourg, Monaco, and Chausey. It was the last system to use positive video modulation and AM sound.

Initially adopted in 1963 for second national black and white public channel and officially associated with the SECAM color system (SECAM-L) in 1967, it was discontinued in 2011, when France transitioned to Digital Video Broadcasting.

Analog signal
An analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any signal, typically a continuous-time signal, representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies in a manner analogous to the pressure of the sound waves.

In contrast, a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence of quantized numeric values, typically but not necessarily in the form of a binary value. Digital sampling imposes some bandwidth and dynamic range constraints on the representation and adds quantization noise.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey or be considered analog signals.