hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chand Sadagar
Chand Sadagar (Assamese: চান্দ  সদাগৰ, Bengali: চাঁদ সদাগর) or Chandradhar was a sea merchant of Champaknagar. This merchant has been claimed by both the Assamese and the Bengalis. Medieval Bengali poet Bipradas Pipilai mentioned in his "Manasamangal Kāvya" (or "Manasa Vijay") that merchant ship of Chand Sadagar used to proceed to the sea from ancient Champaknagar after passing through Tribeni, situated at the junction of Saptagram and the confluence of Ganges, Saraswati and Jamuna River of modern-day West Bengal. Narayan Dev in the scriptures gave an account in his Manasamangal about the merchant ship of the trader Chand Saudagar proceeding to the sea from ancient Champaknagar passing through Saptagram and Tribeni, the tri-junction of the Ganges, Saraswati and Jamuna River. In the Padma Puran (Hindu Scripture), account of Chand Bania (Sadagar) is specifically mentioned.

Purba Bardhaman district
Purba Bardhaman district is in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its headquarters is in Bardhaman. It was formed on 7 April 2017 after the division of the previous Bardhaman district. Great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha in the district of Purba Bardhaman.
Lifting-line theory
The Lanchester–Prandtl lifting-line theory is a mathematical model in aerodynamics that predicts lift distribution over a three-dimensional wing from the wing's geometry.  The theory was expressed independently by Frederick W. Lanchester in 1907, and by Ludwig Prandtl in 1918–1919 after working with Albert Betz and Max Munk.  In this model, the vortex bound to the wing develops along the whole wingspan because it is shed as a vortex-sheet from the trailing edge, rather than just as a single vortex from the wing-tips.

Frederick W. Lanchester
Frederick William Lanchester (23 October 1868 – 8 March 1946), was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering and to aerodynamics, and co-invented the topic of operations research.

Lanchester became a pioneer British motor-car builder, a hobby which resulted in him building the first British car in 1895 and developing a successful car company.

Some of the innovations Lanchester developed have gone on to become widely adopted in the car industry.
Sha'ar HaAmakim
Sha'ar HaAmakim (Hebrew: שַׁעַר הַעֲמָקִים, lit. 'Gate of the Valleys') is a kibbutz in northern Israel associated with the Hashomer Hatzair movement founded in 1935. Located near Kiryat Tiv'on, it falls under the jurisdiction of Zevulun Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 794.

Northern District (Israel)
The Northern District (Hebrew: מחוז הצפון, romanized: Mekhoz HaTzafon; Arabic: منطقة الشمال, romanized: Minṭaqat ash-Shamāl) is one of Israel's six administrative districts. The Northern District has a land area of 4,473 km2, making it the second largest district in Israel.

The Golan Heights has been run as a sub-district of the North District of Israel since the 1981 Golan Heights Law was passed, although the claim is only recognized by the United States while United Nations Security Council condemned the annexation in its Resolution 497 without enforcing it. The Golan Heights covers a land area of 1,154 km2 and the remainder of the Northern District covers 3,324 km2 (3,484 km2 including water).
Zeta Sagittarii
Zeta Sagittarii (ζ Sagittarii, abbreviated Zeta Sgr, ζ Sgr) is a triple star system and the third-brightest star in the constellation of Sagittarius after Kaus Australis and Nunki. Based upon parallax measurements, it is about 88 light-years (27 parsecs) from the Sun.

The three components are designated Zeta Sagittarii Aa (officially named Ascella /əˈsɛlə/, the traditional name for the entire system), Ab and B. The Washington Double Star Catalog cites a component separated 72.3" from the system, but it is a background star unrelated to the pair.

Washington Double Star Catalog
The Washington Double Star Catalog, or WDS, is a catalog of double stars, maintained at the United States Naval Observatory. The catalog contains positions, magnitudes, proper motions and spectral types and has entries for (as of January 2024) 157,012 pairs of double stars. The catalog also includes multiple stars. In general, a multiple star with n components will be represented by entries in the catalog for n−1 pairs of stars.
Wilfred Buckland
Wilfred Buckland (April 18, 1866 – July 18, 1946) was an American art director.  Buckland worked as an art director with Cecil B. DeMille and Jesse Lasky, and later with Alan Dwan, from 1914 to 1927.  He was Hollywood's first "art director" and is credited with a number of advancements in filmmaking, including the advances in lighting techniques, the development of architectural sets, and the use of miniature sets.  In 1924, he was named one of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry since the time of its inception. A 1980 exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London advanced the argument that "everything we know as 'Hollywood' traces to Wilfred Buckland."  Buckland was among the first inductees in the Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame.

The Squaw Man (1914 film)
The Squaw Man (known as The White Man in the United Kingdom) is a 1914 American silent Western film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar C. Apfel, and starring Dustin Farnum. It was DeMille's directorial debut and the first feature-length film to be shot in what is now Hollywood.
2022 World Tennis League
The 2022 World Tennis League was a non-ATP/WTA-affiliated exhibition mixed-gender team tennis tournament. It was the inaugural edition of the World Tennis League. The event was held on hard court at the Coca-Cola Arena in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 19 until 24 December 2022.

Team Hawks, composed of Alexander Zverev, Elena Rybakina, Dominic Thiem and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, won the title, after defeating Team Kites (Félix Auger-Aliassime, Iga Świątek, Holger Rune and Sania Mirza) in the final, 32-25.

Coca-Cola Arena
Coca-Cola Arena is a multi-purpose arena located in the City Walk area in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The venue was opened on June 6, 2019. It has a capacity of 17,000.

Owned by Dubai Holdings Entertainment and managed by Legends Global, the arena hosts events that include concerts, sport, family entertainment and ceremonies.
Idiosoma corrugatum
Idiosoma corrugatum is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet corrugatum (from Latin corrugatus: ‘ridged’) refers to the corrugated abdomen.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
Roberto Montenegro
Roberto Montenegro Nervo (February 19, 1885, in Guadalajara – October 13, 1968, in Mexico City)  was a painter, muralist and illustrator, who was one of the first to be involved in the Mexican muralism movement after the Mexican Revolution. His most important mural work was done at the former San Pedro and San Pablo monastery but as his work did not have the same drama as other muralists, such as Diego Rivera, he lost prominence in this endeavor. Most of his career is dedicated to illustration and publishing, portrait painting and the promotion of Mexican handcrafts and folk art.

José Juan Tablada
José Juan de Aguilar Acuña Tablada (April 3, 1871 – August 2, 1945) was a Mexican poet, art critic and, for a brief period, diplomat. A pioneer of oriental studies, and champion of Mexican art, he spent a good portion of his life living abroad. As a poet, his work spans from the fin-de-siècle style to avant-garde experimentalism. He was an influential early writer of Spanish-language haiku.
Enough is Enough (party)
Enough is Enough (Serbian: Доста је било, romanized: Dosta je bilo, abbr. DJB) is a right-wing populist political party in Serbia.

It was established on 27 January 2014 around the former minister of economy Saša Radulović and his associates from the ministry. Initially, the party had strong liberal, reformist, and progressive views, and in the 2016 parliamentary election they entered the parliament with 16 seats in total. Between early 2017 and 2018, its pro-European and liberal factions split off due to the internal conflict in the party. Since then, the party has shifted to the far-right and it began advocating souverainist and eurosceptic policies alongside numerous right-wing populist stances such as opposition to immigration. Its leader, Saša Radulović also promoted misinformation and several conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pro-Europeanism
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU). The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.
Harpsichord Concerto in D minor, BWV 1052
The Harpsichord Concerto in D minor, BWV 1052, is a concerto for harpsichord with two violin parts, viola and basso continuo by Johann Sebastian Bach. In three movements, marked Allegro, Adagio and Allegro, it is the first Bach listed in his manuscript of Bach's harpsichord concertos, BWV 1052–1065.

Harmonia Mundi
Harmonia Mundi is a record label that specializes in classical music, jazz, and world music (on the World Village label). It was founded in France in 1958 and is now a subsidiary of PIAS Entertainment Group, which is itself owned by Universal Music Group as of October 2024.

Its Latin name harmonia mundi translates as "harmony of the world".
Diocese of Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino
The Diocese of Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino (Latin: Dioecesis Frusinatensis-Verulana-Ferentina) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has existed since 1986. In that year, the Diocese of Ferentino was united into the Diocese of Veroli-Frosinone, which was the name of the historic Diocese of Veroli from 1956. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of an ecclesiastical province.

Exemption (Catholic canon law)
In the Catholic Church, an exemption is the full or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank. For example, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg, and the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem are exempt, being directly subject to the Holy See.

See exempt dioceses for a list of exempt entities.
Cheng Chao-tsun
Cheng Chao-tsun (Chinese: 鄭兆村; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhèng Zhàocūn; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhèng Jhào-cun; born 17 October 1993) is a Taiwanese track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. His personal best of 91.36 m, set in 2017, was the Asian record until it was broken by Arshad Nadeem at the Paris Olympics in 2024.

Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, while a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, but its use was optional.

From 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education began promoting Hanyu Pinyin. Local governments were not able to get financial aid from the central government if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. However, Tongyong Pinyin has continued in use for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations and streets in Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yunlin County and other places are derived from Tongyong Pinyin –  for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).
NGC 7213
NGC 7213 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 70 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7213 is about 75,000 light-years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on September 30, 1834. It is an active galaxy with characteristics between a type I Seyfert galaxy and LINER.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Platt Cliffs
Platt Cliffs (62°11′S 58°35′W﻿ / ﻿62.183°S 58.583°W﻿ / -62.183; -58.583) is a set of cliffs rising to about 100 m between Goulden Cove and Monsimet Cove in Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Eric Platt (1926–48), Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) base leader and geologist, Admiralty Bay, 1948. Platt died from exhaustion and exposure near Ternyck Needle, November 8, 1948, and is buried near the British station on Keller Peninsula.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Platt Cliffs". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Ternyck Needle
Ternyck Needle (62°5′S 58°16′W﻿ / ﻿62.083°S 58.267°W﻿ / -62.083; -58.267) is a conspicuous nunatak, 365 metres (1,198 ft) high, standing 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) east of the head of Martel Inlet at the base of the small peninsula separating Admiralty and King George Bays, on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. It was charted in December 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who presumably applied the name. It was first climbed in 1949 by Geoff Hattersley-Smith and Ken Pawson of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey.
The Morning After (The Avengers)
"The Morning After" is the eighteenth episode of the sixth series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Linda Thorson. Its first broadcast was in the ATV region of the ITV network on Friday 10 January 1969. Thames Television, who commissioned this series of the show for ITV, broadcast it in its own region 19 days later on Wednesday 29 January. The episode was directed by John Hough, and written by Brian Clemens.

John Hough (director)
John Hough /hɔːf/ (born 21 November 1941) is a British film and television director. He is primarily known for his suspense films of the 1970s and 1980s, including Twins of Evil (1971), The Legend of Hell House (1973), The Incubus (1982) and American Gothic (1988), as well as the 1974 action thriller Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry.
Santi Francesi
Santi Francesi (Italian for 'French Saints', a pun on the members' last names), previously known as The Jab, is an Italian musical duo from Ivrea, consisting of Alessandro De Santis and Mario Lorenzo Francese. They won the sixteenth season of X Factor Italia.

Sanremo Music Festival 2024
The Sanremo Music Festival 2024 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2024), officially the 74th Italian Song Festival (74º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 74th edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). It was held between 6 and 10 February 2024, and presented for the fifth and final time in a row by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. The festival was won by Angelina Mango with "La noia", earning her the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024.
Murder of Jakob von Metzler
The murder of Jakob von Metzler was a German murder case. In 2002 11-year old Jakob von Metzler was kidnapped and murdered by the law student Magnus Gäfgen in Frankfurt. The following year, Gäfgen was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.

The case drew controversy over the fact that Gäfgen was threatened with torture during his interrogation by the police in order to save his victim's life. The European Court of Human Rights case of Gäfgen v. Germany has been widely discussed in debates on torture.

In January 2015, it became known that Gäfgen had changed his name to Thomas David Lukas Olsen, reportedly inspired by the fictional Danish criminal Egon Olsen.

Egon Olsen
Egon Olsen (born 12 March 1925 (DK), 13 March 1923 (NO)) is a fictional character in the Danish Olsenbanden film series as well as in the Norwegian remake. He is portrayed by Ove Sprogøe in the Danish version and by Arve Opsahl in the Norwegian. In the Swedish version of the series, Jönssonligan, his part was taken by the character Charles Ingvar "Sickan" Jönsson, played by Gösta Ekman (and in the later films by other characters, played by different actors).
Victor Braunig Lake
Victor Braunig Lake, formerly known as East Lake, is a reservoir on Calaveras Creek and Chupaderas Creek 17 miles (27 kilometres) south of Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.  The reservoir was formed in 1962 by the construction of a dam to provide a cooling pond for a power plant to supply additional electrical supply to the city of San Antonio.  Victor Braunig (1890-1982) was an employee from 1910 becoming in 1949 the general manager of the San Antonio City Public Service Board, the predecessor of CPS Energy.  The dam and lake are managed by CPS Energy of San Antonio.  Together with Calaveras Lake, Braunig Lake was one of the first projects in the nation to use treated wastewater for power plant cooling.  The reservoir is partly filled with wastewater that has undergone both primary and secondary treatment at a San Antonio Water System treatment plant.  Braunig Lake also serves as a venue for recreation, including fishing and boating.

Downtown San Antonio
Downtown San Antonio is the central business district of San Antonio, Texas, and the urban core of Greater San Antonio, a metropolitan area with nearly 2.5 million people.

Downtown San Antonio is encircled by 1604 and I-410 loops and three interstate freeways: I-35, I-37, and I-10. Together, the three highways create a rectangular route around the city's urban core: I-35 to the north and west, I-37 to the east, and I-10 to the south. The rectangular loop has a nine-mile circumference and is known as the "Downtown Loop" or "Central Loop", which encompasses both it and Southtown.
Election Commission of Sri Lanka
The Election Commission of Sri Lanka is the constitutional authority responsible for administering and overseeing all elections in Sri Lanka, including the Presidential, Parliamentary, Provincial and Local Authority elections. Sri Lanka has had universal adult suffrage since 1931, becoming the first Crown colony to enfranchise all adult citizens, 3 years after the United Kingdom itself; the country is the oldest democracy in Asia.

Provinces of Sri Lanka
Provinces (Sinhala: පළාත, romanized: Paḷāta; Tamil: மாகாணம், romanized: Mākāṇam) are the first level administrative divisions of Sri Lanka. Currently, Sri Lanka is divided into 9 provinces. Each province is further divided into districts, which are further divided into divisional secretariats.

The provinces were first established by the British rulers of Ceylon in 1833. Over the next century, most of the administrative functions of the provinces were transferred to the districts, the second level administrative division of the country. By the middle of the 20th century, the provinces had become mostly ceremonial. This changed in 1987 when, following several decades of increasing demand for decentralization, the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.
Immediate Geographic Region of Alfenas
The Immediate Geographic Region of Alfenas is one of the 10 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

Alfenas
Alfenas is a municipality in the southern part of the Brazilian state of  Minas Gerais. In 2020 its population was  80,494 and the area of the municipality is 849 km2. The elevation is 888m.  It is served by highways MG 179, BR 491 and BR 369.  The distance to the state capital of Belo Horizonte is 335 km and the distance to São Paulo is 300 km.  The slogan for the city is "Alfenas, the gateway to the sea of Minas", in reference to nearby Lake Furnas.
Antoine Nkounkou
Antoine Ntsana Nkounkou (13 September or 18 August 1948 – 11 November 2017), also known as N.A. Nkounkou, was a Congolese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Central African Games
The Central African Games was an international multi-sport event for countries within Central Africa. It was held on three occasions: in 1976 in Libreville, Gabon, in 1981 in Luanda, Angola, and finally in 1987 in Brazzaville, People's Republic of the Congo.
Solitude Palace
Solitude Palace (German: Schloss Solitude) is a Rococo schloss and hunting retreat commissioned by Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. It was designed by Johann Friedrich Weyhing and Philippe de La Guêpière, and constructed from 1764 to 1769. It is located on an elongated ridge between the towns of Leonberg, Gerlingen and Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg.

Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 94,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Stuttgart.
Soran Omar
Soran Omar Saeed Ahmed (Kurdish: سۆران عومه‌ر سه‌عید ئەحمەد, romanised: Soran Umer Seîd Ehmed, born 12 December 1978) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician of the Kurdistan Justice Group.  He was born in Qaradagh, Sulaymaniyah Governorate. He currently serves as an MP in the Iraqi Council of Representatives.

He resigned as a member of the Kurdistan Parliament in 2020. Within the same year, parliamentary immunity was removed from him so that legal charges could be brought against him due to his involvement in the Kheli Hama massacre.

Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Sulaymaniyah Governorate (Sorani Kurdish: پارێزگای سلێمانی; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Silêmaniyê; Arabic: محافظة السليمانية) or Sulaymaniyah Province is a governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Its capital and largest city is Sulaymaniyah. Halabja Governorate was formerly the Halabja District of Sulaymaniyah, until it became a separate governorate in 2014.
Kamenno-Verkhovka
Kamenno-Verkhovka (Russian: Ка́менно-Верхо́вка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kamenno-Verkhovskoye Rural Settlement, Kashirsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 437 as of 2018. There are 18 streets.

Kashirsky District, Voronezh Oblast
Kashirsky District (Russian: Каши́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 106019,9 hectares (409,3 sq mi), as of 2016. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kashirskoye. Population: 23,122 (2021 Census); 25,268 (2010 Census); 27,106 (2002 Census); 30,414 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kashirskoye accounts for 18.0% of the district's total population.