hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naugatuck Railroad
The Naugatuck Railroad (reporting mark NAUG) is a common carrier railroad owned by the Railroad Museum of New England and operated on tracks leased from the Connecticut Department of Transportation. The original Naugatuck Railroad was a railroad chartered to operate through south central Connecticut in 1845, with the first section opening for service in 1849. In 1887 the line was leased by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, and became wholly owned by 1906. At its greatest extent the Naugatuck ran from Bridgeport north to Winsted. Today's Naugatuck Railroad, formed in 1996, runs from Waterbury to the end of track in Torrington, Connecticut. From Waterbury south to the New Haven Line, Metro-North Railroad operates commuter service on the Waterbury Branch.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Duraisamy
Duraisamy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (born 1924), Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church

B. Duraisamy, Indian politician, former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu

P. Duraisamy, Indian politician, former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu

R. Duraisamy, Indian politician, incumbent member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

S. Duraisamy, Indian politician, former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu

Saidai Sa. Duraisamy (born 1951), Indian Politician, incumbent Mayor of Corporation of Chennai

V. P. Duraisamy, Indian politician of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu

R. Doraisamy
R. Doraisamy, also known as Challenger Dorai, is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Coimbatore South constituency. He represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. In 2024, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in the presence of Tamil Nadu BJP chief K. Annamalai and Rajeev Chandrasekhar.

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by Amman K. Arjunan.
1957 Edinburgh South by-election
The 1957 Edinburgh South by-election of 29 May 1957 was held after the resignation of Unionist Party MP William Darling.

The seat was safe, having been won for the Unionists by Darling at the 1955 general election by a majority of nearly 13,000 votes

1955 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 26 May 1955. It was a snap election: Anthony Eden called the election after succeeding Churchill in April 1955 to secure a mandate. The government won a 60-seat majority, achieving the highest post-war party vote share. It was the first election under Queen Elizabeth II.
Culture of Ascent
Culture of Ascent is the ninth studio album by American progressive rock band Glass Hammer, released on October 23, 2007. It is a concept album based on Jon Krakauer's novel Into Thin Air.

It was the last album with singer Carl Groves before his departure from the band; he later returned for 2014's Ode to Echo. The album also features Jon Anderson of Yes as a guest vocalist.

Jon Krakauer
Jon Krakauer (born April 12, 1954) is an American writer and mountaineer. He is the author of bestselling nonfiction books—Into the Wild; Into Thin Air; Under the Banner of Heaven; and Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman—as well as numerous magazine articles. He was a member of an ill-fated expedition to summit Mount Everest in 1996, one of the deadliest disasters in the history of climbing Everest.
Brightwell (surname)
Brightwell is an English surname derived from Brightwell or a similar toponym. Notable people of the name include the following:

Emily Brightwell (born 1948), American writer

Gary Brightwell (born 1999), American football player

Matahi Brightwell (born 1952), New Zealand master carver and waka ama founder

Robbie Brightwell (born 1939), British athlete

Thomas Brightwell, English academic administrator

Thomas Brightwell
Thomas Brightwell DD (a.k.a. Brytwell) was an English medieval college Fellow and university Chancellor.

Brightwell was a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford and Chancellor of the University of Oxford during 1388–90. He was a Doctor of Divinity.
2021–22 Liga Nacional de Guatemala
The 2021–22 Liga Nacional de Guatemala was the 69th professional season of the top-flight football league in Guatemala. The season was divided into two championships—the 2021 Apertura and the 2022 Clausura—each in an identical format and each contested by the same 12 teams.

C.S.D. Municipal
Club Social y Deportivo Municipal (Spanish pronunciation: [klˈub soθjˈal ˈi dˌepoɾtˈiβo mˌuniθipˈal]), also known as Municipal or Los Rojos (the Reds), is a Guatemalan professional football club based in Guatemala City. They compete in the Liga Nos Une, the top tier of Guatemalan football.

The club plays their home matches at the Estadio El Trébol. As of 2015, they are the team that has remained the most years at the top level in Guatemala, having done so since the inception of the national league in 1942. They have won the domestic league 32 times, most recently winning the 2024 Clausura tournament. They won the CONCACAF Champions' Cup in 1974.

Municipal are the most popular football club in Guatemala and are traditional rivals of Comunicaciones, who are also based in Guatemala City, and with whom they share the lead in all-time league titles in the country with 32 each as of 2024.
Wagenknecht
Wagenknecht is a German surname, where 'Wagen' means a 'horse-drawn vehicle', 'Knecht' a servant. Notable people with the surname include:

Addie Wagenknecht (born 1981), American artist

Alfred Wagenknecht (1881–1956), German-American Communist

Detlef Wagenknecht (born 1959), German middle-distance runner

Edward Wagenknecht (1900–2004), American literary critic

Lukáš Wagenknecht (born 1978), Czech economist

Max Wagenknecht (1857–1922), German composer

Sahra Wagenknecht (born 1969), German politician

Lukáš Wagenknecht
Lukáš Wagenknecht (born 24 September 1978) is a Czech economist, auditor and politician who served as a Senator of the Czech Republic representing Prague 8 district from October 2018 to October 2024. He was a member of the Czech Pirate Party from 2019 to 2025. Wagenknecht also co-founded the auditing organization and think tank Good Governance and was a contributor to Neovlivní.cz, a publisher of investigative journalism.
Daduhe Road station
Daduhe Road (Chinese: 大渡河路; pinyin: Dàdùhé Lù) is an interchange station on Line 13 and Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro. It is located in Putuo District.

On 30 December 2012, Line 13 began providing service from Jinyun Road to the west to Jinshajiang Road to the east.  However, this did not include the South Qilianshan Road or Daduhe Road stations. This station opened on 1 November 2014.

This station utilizes side platforms with three tracks running through the middle: one going towards Jinshajiang Road, one going towards Zhenbei Road, and a third used to store extra carriages.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Kandaen
Kandaen (transl. I Saw) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Mugil, and produced by TCS. It stars Shanthanu Bhagyaraj and Rashmi Gautam in lead along with Santhanam, Vijayakumar and Ashish Vidyarthi in pivotal roles. The film, which was launched in May 2010, created curiosity after noted film-maker Gautham Vasudev Menon's newly launched audio label selected the film's soundtrack to be its first release. It was released on 20 May 2011.

Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)
Panchaksharam Rangasamy Pillai (born 29 August 1943), known professionally as Vijayakumar, is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He started his film career in the Tamil film Sri Valli (1961) as a child actor and started playing a lead role from the movie Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974) then he worked in Madhura Geetham (1977) and Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren (1979). He has also acted in Telugu and Malayalam movies. He also worked in television serials like Thangam, Vamsam,  Talambralu, Nandini and Rasaathi. His son is actor Arun Vijay.
1985 Cumbria County Council election
Elections to Cumbria County Council were held on 2 May 1985. This was on the same day as other UK county council elections. The whole council of 83 members was up for election and the Labour Party lost control of the council, which fell under no overall control.

Cumbria County Council
Cumbria County Council was the county council for the non-metropolitan county of Cumbria in the North West of England between 1974 and 2023. It was responsible for county-level services, including schools, roads, and social services. It worked in a two-tier arrangement with the county's six district councils.

On 1 April 2023, the county council and six district councils were abolished. In their place two new councils were created, with local government functions transferred to the two new unitary authorities: Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. Cumbria continues to exist as a ceremonial county, but no longer has a county-wide elected council.
Mary Sudbury
Mary Sudbury (1934 - 7 January 2018), was a woman engineer who worked in the 1950s wind tunnel research team, developing the supersonic airliner, Concorde, and was an Edinburgh Christian charity worker.

Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.

The British Army Balloon Factory was established on Farnborough Common in the early 1900s. By 1912 it had come under civilian control and was the Royal Aircraft Factory (RAF). In 1918 it was renamed Royal Aircraft Establishment to prevent confusion with the newly created Royal Air Force.

The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ("RAE Farnborough") in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE Bedford (Bedfordshire) in 1946.

On 1 May 1988 it was renamed the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE) before merging with other research entities to become part of the new Defence Research Agency in 1991.
Eye of the Hurricane (The Alarm album)
Eye of the Hurricane is the third studio album by the Welsh band the Alarm, released in October 1987 on I.R.S. Records in North America. The following month, the label issued the album in the United Kingdom. It was one of the albums affected by an import ban pursuant to an agreement with the British Phonographic Industry and Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society on import licenses. "Rain in the Summertime" was released as the lead single from the album and reached both the UK and US single charts.

Eye of the Hurricane was the band's first studio album in two years and the material was divided into a "Folklore" side and an "Electric" side. The album was initially released on vinyl LP and cassette, reaching number 23 in the UK charts and number 77 in the US charts. A CD version was released later the same year and in 2000 an extended re-mastered version was released, including extra tracks.

Mike Peters (musician)
Michael Leslie Peters MBE DL (25 February 1959 – 29 April 2025) was a Welsh musician, best known as the lead vocalist of the Alarm. After the band broke up in 1991, Peters wrote and released solo work, before revamping the Alarm in 2000.

Additionally, he was co-founder of the Love Hope Strength Foundation. Between 2011 and 2013, Peters was the lead vocalist for Big Country as well as the Alarm. He was appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to cancer care.
Michael Posner (psychologist)
Michael I. Posner (/ˈpoʊznər/; born September 12, 1936) is  an American psychologist who is a researcher in the field of attention, and the editor of numerous cognitive and neuroscience compilations. He is emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Oregon (Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive and Decision Sciences), and an adjunct professor at the Weill Medical College in New York (Sackler Institute). A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Posner as the 56th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for general psychology. The journal publishes cross-disciplinary psychological articles that are conceptual, theoretical, and methodological in nature. Other aspects include the evaluation and integration of research literature and the providing of historical analysis. The journal was established in 1997. The editor-in-chief is Wade E. Pickren (Independent Scholar, USA) and Thomas Teo (York University, Canada).
Orlyanka, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast
Orlyanka (Russian: Орлянка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Bolsheannenkovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. The population as of 2010 is 25.

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Cyrturella
Cyrturella is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It comprises two species from the Palearctic realm, Cyrturella albosetosa and Cyrturella nigrosetosa, though the former is considered rare in its range and the latter is known from only one female collected in the Sinai Peninsula. Adults are tiny in size, having a body length of about 1 mm.

The genus was created by Octave Parent in 1938 for the species Micromorphus albosetosus, and was originally given the name Cyrtura. This name for the genus was already in use by the extinct stem-turtle genus Cyrtura, so Parent's genus was renamed to Cyrturella by James Edward Collin in 1952.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
Orhan Aydın
Orhan Aydın Hacıyev (born 1 October 1989) is an Azerbaijani professional basketball player for iLab Basketbol of the Türkiye Basketbol Ligi. He plays the power forward position. He is 2.03 m tall. He is member of Azerbaijan national basketball team. He also holds a Turkish citizenship.

Turkish nationality law
Turkish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis. Children who are born to a Turkish mother or a Turkish father (in or out of marriage) are Turkish citizens from birth. The intention to renounce Turkish citizenship (or acquire citizenship from another state) is submitted in Turkey by a petition to the highest administrative official in the concerned person's place of residence, and when overseas to the Turkish consulate. Documents processed by these authorities are forwarded to the Ministry of Interior (Turkey) for appropriate action.
Hyposmocoma mokumana
Hyposmocoma mokumana is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is endemic to Necker Island. The type locality is Annexation Hill.

The wingspan is 11.4–14.3 mm.

The larval case is purse-shaped and 7.4–8.9 mm in length.

Adults were reared from case-making larvae. Cases were collected in Sesbania litter.

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Pueblos Unidos
Pueblos Unidos is a Mexican criminal group active in the Michoacán region. It began in 2021 as a self-defense group defending the local avocado farmers from cartel gangs Los Viagras and Jalisco New Generation but soon degenerated into a criminal racketeering group itself. It has been suggested that the group is tied to the gang La Resistencia.

One of the group leaders was José Artemio Maldonado, known as “El Michoacano”, one of the biggest fuel thieves in Mexico, involved in the Tula prison break.

Los Viagras
Los Viagras (Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈβjaɣɾas]) also known as Los Sierra is an armed wing of the 
LNFM Cartel in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. It was founded by the Sierra Santana Brothers, being led by Rodolfo Sierra Santana (Alias ”El Tronado”) for whom arrest warrants have been issued in connection with multiple counts of homicide, robbery, extortion, and kidnapping. The group mainly operates in Zamora, Jacona, Tangancicuario, Sahuayo, and Uruapan Regions.
Ptelea, Kastoria
Ptelea (Greek: Πτελιά, before 1928: Γκρέντση – Gkrentsi, between 1928 and 1949: Φτελιά – Ftelia) is a village and a community in Kastoria Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece.

In 1945, Greek Foreign Minister Ioannis Politis ordered the compilation of demographic data regarding the Prefecture of Kastoria. The village had a total of 472 inhabitants, and was populated by 450 Slavophones without a Bulgarian national consciousness.

Kastoria (regional unit)
Kastoria (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Καστοριάς, Perifereiakí Enótita Kastoriás) is one of the 74 regional units of Greece and is part of the region of Western Macedonia. Its capital is the homonymous city of Kastoria.
Atelopus vogli
The maracay harlequin frog or Vogli stubfoot toad (Atelopus vogli) is an extinct species of harlequin frog in the family Bufonidae. It was endemic to Venezuela. It is known from collections in two localities: its type locality, Las Peñas near Hacienda la Trinidad in Aragua, and Montalbán in Carabobo. It was first described as subspecies of Atelopus cruciger. The specific name vogli honours Cornelius Vogl, German priest who was a missionary in Venezuela in 1925–1959. Common name Vogl's harlequin toad has been coined for it.

Aragua
Aragua State (Spanish: Estado Aragua, IPA: [esˈtaðo aˈɾaɣwa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the Central Region of Venezuela, it has plains, jungles, and Caribbean beaches, of which the most popular are Cata and Choroni. It has Venezuela's first national park, Henri Pittier National Park. The capital is Maracay, and it includes other important cities like Turmero and El Limón.

Aragua State covers a total surface area of 7,014 km2 (2,708 sq mi) and, based on the 2011 census information, the estimated population of Aragua State in 2012 is 1,630,308 inhabitants.
Thabo Senong
Thabo Senong (born 15 September 1980) is a South African football manager. He was most recently coach of Zimbabwean club Highlanders.

In August 2019, he was appointed as manager of the Lesotho national football team.

Prior to his appointment, Senong was coach of the South Africa national U-20 team, known as the Amajitas. He coached at the 2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations, 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup, 2019 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations and 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

He won the COSAFA U-20 Cup with the Amajitas in 2017.

2019 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2019 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations was the 15th edition of the Africa U-20 Cup of Nations (22nd edition if tournaments without hosts are included), the biennial international youth football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for players aged 20 and below. Niger hosted the tournament, which took place from 2 to 17 February 2019. The tournament involved 8 teams, with Niger making their U-20 Africa Cup of Nations debut.

The top four teams of the tournament qualified for the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Poland as the CAF representatives. Mali won their first title, while the other qualified teams which finished second to fourth were Senegal, South Africa and Nigeria. Defending champions Zambia failed to qualify.
Fountain Springs, California
Fountain Springs was a settlement established in Tulare County, California, before 1855, at the junction of the Stockton–Los Angeles Road and the road to the Kern River gold mines. From 1858 to 1861, Fountain Springs was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Tule River Station and 12 miles (19 km) north of Mountain House.  The site of the settlement was 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) northwest of the California Historical Landmark No. 648 on the southwest corner of County Roads J22 and M 109 (old Springville Stage Route) in Tulare County.

Fountain Spring (singular) refers to a spring in Tulare County used in the 19th century for domestic and garden water supply.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.