hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wiechnowice
Wiechnowice [vjɛxnɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczyca, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Rzeczyca, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 60 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Boreaspis
Boreaspis (meaning "Boreas's Shield") is an extinct genus of osteostracan agnathan vertebrate that lived in the Devonian period.

Fourteen different species of Boreaspis have been found in sandstone of the lagoons and estuaries of Devonian Spitsbergen; however, some of these likely do not belong to the genus. The species B. robusta and B. costata have been reassigned to Spatulaspis; and B. circinus, B. curtirostris, and B. gracilis now belong to Dicranaspis.

Species of Boreaspis were very small, with head shields about 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long.  All species possessed a long spathe-like rostrum derived from the anterior-most end of the head shield, which would have enhanced the fish's hydrodynamics and was probably also used to root out food buried beneath the substrate.

Rostrum (anatomy)
Rostrum (from Latin rostrum, meaning beak) is a term used in anatomy for several kinds of hard, beak-like structures projecting out from the head or mouth of an animal. Despite some visual similarity, many of these are phylogenetically unrelated structures in widely varying species.
Arvi Oksala
Arvid (Arvi) Adiel Oksala (2 January 1891 – 23 July 1949; surname until 1906 Tapper) was a Finnish engineer and politician, born in Jyväskylä. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1930 until his death in 1949, representing the National Coalition Party. He served as Minister of Defence from 14 December 1932 to 12 March 1937. He was a presidential elector in the 1937, 1940 and 1943 presidential elections.

1937 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1937. The first stage was on 15 and 16 January 1937 as the public selected 300 presidential electors to an electoral college.

The 300 electors, in turn, met on 15 February 1937 to elect the President. On the first ballot, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg received 150 electoral votes, one vote short of the 151 necessary for a majority. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, the incumbent President of Finland, received 94 votes and Kyösti Kallio was third with only 56 votes. On the second ballot, 131 of Stahlberg's electors deserted him, and Kallio received 177 votes, with 104 for Svinhufvud and only 19 for Stahlberg . The turnout for the popular vote was 57.8%.
Giovanni Stroppa
Giovanni Stroppa (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni ˈstrɔppa]; born 24 January 1968) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is the head coach of Serie B club Venezia.

US Cremonese
Unione Sportiva Cremonese, commonly referred to as Cremonese, is an Italian professional football club based in Cremona, Lombardy, which plays in Serie A following their promotion from Serie B in the 2024–25 season via the playoffs.
Serica mystaca
Serica mystaca is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in the United States (Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin).

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Rainbow Peak
Rainbow Peak (9,895 feet (3,016 m)) is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. The namesake Rainbow Glacier is immediately east and northeast of Rainbow Peak. Rainbow Peak is the ninth-tallest mountain in Glacier National Park and rises over 1 mile (1.6 km) above Bowman Lake. From the parking lot at the Bowman Lake Campground, the elevation gain is 5,865 ft (1,788 m).

In July 1998 the peak was the site of the death of two climbers who were climbing a snow-covered chimney when a cornice collapsed, causing the two climbers to fall to their deaths.

Bowman Lake (Montana)
Bowman Lake is in the northwestern portion of Glacier National Park in Montana. The lake is accessed via a 6 miles (9.7 km) unpaved road from the small town of Polebridge. At 1,706 acres (690 ha), Bowman Lake is the third largest lake in the park, after Lake McDonald and Saint Mary Lake.

The campground is located close to the shore, and the trees along the site provide privacy.  Day users have access to the picnic ground, and there are several hiking trails within the area.  Fishing, canoeing, and kayaking are also popular on the lake which is of a glacially cold temperature. Motorized boats of 10 horsepower (7 kW) or less are allowed on the lake. Because of the long, bumpy road, recreational vehicles and truck/trailer combinations are not recommended.
Daniel L. Akin
Daniel Lowell "Danny" Akin (born January 2, 1957) is the sixth president of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and the College at Southeastern in Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States. A leader in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), he has authored and edited numerous books and journal articles and is best known for his commitment to expository preaching and to the Great Commission.

Expository preaching
Expository preaching, also known as expositional preaching, is a form of preaching that details the meaning of a particular text or passage of Scripture. It explains what the Bible means by what it says. Exegesis is technical and grammatical exposition, a careful drawing out of the exact meaning of a passage in its original context. While the term exposition could be used in connection with any verbal informative teaching on any subject, the term is also used in relation to Bible preaching and teaching. The practice originated from the Jewish tradition of the rabbi giving a "Dvar Torah", explaining a passage from the Torah, during the prayer services. Expository preaching differs from topical preaching in that the former concentrates on a specific text and discusses topics covered therein; whereas, the latter concentrates on a specific topic and references texts covering the topic.
Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown
Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown is a 2008 book by sociologist Javier Auyero and anthropologist Débora Swistun. Its subject is the impact of pollution and toxicity on the residents of Flammable, a neighborhood on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The book is a contribution to the field of collective action and mobilization regarding environmental suffering. It was first published in Spanish as Inflamable. Estudio de sufrimiento ambiental and translated to English in 2009. It won the Charles Tilly Award for Best Book in 2010.

Collective action
Collective action  refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective. It is a term that has formulations and theories in many areas of the social sciences including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and economics.
2025 Ýokary Liga
The 2025 Ýokary Liga is the 33rd edition of the top tier professional Yokary Liga football annual competition in Turkmenistan administered by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan.

FK Arkadag entered the season as the two-time defending champions, having won their 2nd consecutive league title in the previous season.

Şagadam FK
Football Club Şagadam  (Turkmen: Şagadam Futbol Kluby) is a Turkmen professional football club based in Türkmenbaşy, Balkan Region. The team compete in Ýokary Liga, the top division in Turkmenistan football league system. The club was founded in 1949 and home matches are played at Şagadam Stadium, their original home ground.
Figure-of-nine loop
The figure-of-nine loop is a type of knot to form a fixed loop in a rope.  Tied in the bight, it is made similarly to a figure-of-eight loop but with an extra half-turn before finishing the knot.

Also similar to the stevedore loop, the figure-nine loop is generally shown as being based on an intermediate form between the figure-eight knot and the stevedore knot. The Ashley Book of Knots shows this intermediate knot, in stopper form, as #521.

While it uses more rope and is bulkier than the figure-of-eight loop, the figure-nine loop is somewhat stronger and less likely to jam.  It is sometimes used instead of a figure-of-eight loop to attach a rope to an anchor point or belay.

Belaying
In climbing and mountaineering, belaying comprises techniques used to create friction within a climbing protection system, particularly on a climbing rope, so that a falling climber does not fall very far. A climbing partner typically applies tension at the other end of the rope whenever the climber is not moving, and removes the tension from the rope whenever the climber needs more rope to continue climbing.  The belay is the place where the belayer is anchored, which is typically on the ground, or on ledge (where it is also called a belay station) but may also be a hanging belay where the belayer themself is suspended from an anchor in the rock on a multi-pitch climb.
Rueil-Malmaison station
Rueil-Malmaison (French pronunciation: [ʁɥɛj malmɛzɔ̃] ⓘ) is a French railway station on the Paris-Saint-Lazare to Saint-Germain-en-Laye line, located in the municipality of Rueil-Malmaison, in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region.

It is operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) and served by trains on line A of the RER network.

Rush hour
A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English, Indian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice every weekday: once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which most people commute. The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.

The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not many people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed. By analogy to vehicular traffic, the term Internet rush hour has been used to describe periods of peak data network usage, resulting in delays and slower delivery of data packets.
Jeff Ruby Steaks
The Jeff Ruby Steaks (a homophone of the word Stakes, for commercial reasons) is a Grade III American thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds at a distance of a one and one-eighth miles on the synthetic track in late March at Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky. The event is part of the Road to the Kentucky Derby and offers a purse of $777,000.

Homophone
A homophone (/ˈhɒməfoʊn, ˈhoʊmə-/) is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in rain, reign, and rein. The term homophone sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be homophonous (/həˈmɒfənəs/).

Homophones that are spelled the same are both homographs and homonyms. For example, the word read, in "He is well read" and in "Yesterday, I read that book".

Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. to, too, and two.
Podell
Podell is a surname of English  Ashkenazi, and Polish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Podell (born 1937), magazine editor and writer

Bertram L. Podell (1925–2005), American politician

Eyal Podell (born 1975), Israeli-born American actor and screenwriter

Jules Podell (1899–1973), American businessman

Jules Podell
Jules Podell (March 5, 1899 – September 27, 1973) was a former nightclub operator who ran the Copacabana nightclub in New York City. Although it was opened in 1940 by Monte Proser, Podell was put in place by mob boss Frank Costello, Proser's partner. By 1950 Podell was making all the decisions and Proser was gone. Podell ran the club until he died in 1973. George Carlin remarked that he would sit behind his desk & bang the ring on the desk if he didn't like you.

His daughter, Mickey Podell-Raber, has written a book of stories and photographs about her father and life at the famous club.
Mona Khaled
Mona Khaled (born 9 April 1994) is an Egyptian chess player.

She is the first Egyptian and Arabic Player to achieve the Woman Grandmaster Title. Mona is the first and only girl to ever win the Egyptian Chess Championship in 2013. She has at times won the Women's African Chess Championship, the Women's Arab Chess Championship, the Mediterranean Women's Title and the Francophone Women's Title.

She represented Egypt in the Women's Chess Olympiad from 2008 to  2018; leading the Women's Egyptian Team on board 1 in Tromso Olympiad, the winner of Gold Medal of Category C.

She has competed in the Women's World Chess Championship from 2012 to 2017.

Arab Chess Championship
The Arab Chess Championship is an annual international chess competition organized by the Arab Chess Federation, with 18 member countries. Parallel Men's and Women's competitions have been held in various cities since 1983.
Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara
Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara (Romanian: Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Victor Babeș” din Timișoara; abbreviated UMFT) is a state university in Timișoara. The university was founded on 30 December 1944 by decree of the then King of Romania Michael I. There are three faculties within UMFT: Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy. In 2011, UMFT was classified as an education and research university by the Ministry of Education. The university is named after Victor Babeș (1854–1926), the author of the first bacteriology treatise in the world and the founder of the Romanian school of microbiology.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Ernesto Cervini's Turboprop
Ernesto Cervini's Turboprop is a Canadian jazz sextet from Toronto, Ontario. They are most noted for their 2019 album Abundance, which won the Juno Award for Jazz Album of the Year (Group) at the Juno Awards of 2020.

Led by drummer Ernesto Cervini, the group also includes alto saxophonist Tara Davidson, tenor saxophonist Joel Frahm, trombonist William Carn, pianist Adrean Farrugia and bassist Dan Loomis.

They were previously a Juno Award nominee in the same category at the Juno Awards of 2018 for their album Rev.

Juno Awards of 2018
The Juno Awards of 2018, honouring Canadian music achievements, were presented in Vancouver, British Columbia during the weekend of 24–25 March 2018. The primary telecast ceremonies were held at Rogers Arena. Vancouver previously hosted the Juno Awards in 1991, 1998 and 2009. Michael Bublé hosted these awards after having stepped down from his scheduled hosting the previous year due to his son's cancer diagnosis. Nominations were announced on 6 February 2018.

Changes in 2018 from previous years include the reintroduction of the Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year, a category which has not been awarded since 1984, and the ceremony's television broadcast returning to CBC Television, after previously being broadcast by CTV.
Ruili
Ruili (simplified Chinese: 瑞丽; traditional Chinese: 瑞麗; pinyin: Ruìlì; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ; Shan: မိူင်းမၢဝ်း; Thai: เมืองมาว; Burmese: ရွှေလီ), called Möng Mao in Tai, is a county-level city of Dehong Prefecture, in the west of Yunnan province, China. It is a major border crossing between China and Myanmar, with the town of Muse located across the border.

Tai languages
The Tai languages (/ˈtaɪ/ TIE), also known as Zhuang–Tai and Daic languages (/ˈdaɪ.ɪk/ DYE-ik), are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai, or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language; and Zhuang, a major language in the Southwestern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spoken by the Zhuang people (壯), the largest minority ethnic group in China, with a population of 15.55 million, living mainly in Guangxi, the rest scattered across Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.
Lake of Bays (Kenora District)
Lake of Bays is a lake in Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada in the Hudson Bay drainage basin. The primary inflows are the Bays River at the southeast, and the Lake of Bays River at the northeast; the primary outflow is the Lake of Bays River at the north, which flows via the Sturgeon River, Marchington River, English River, Winnipeg River, and Nelson River to Hudson Bay.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Kyle Letheren
Kyle Charles Letheren (born 26 December 1987) is a Welsh former professional footballer and goalkeeper coach. He is currently a goalkeeper coach at Doncaster Rovers.

He has played in the Scottish Premier League for Kilmarnock, in the Scottish Premiership for Dundee, and in the English Football League for Blackpool, Plymouth Argyle, Salford City and Morecambe.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
2023 Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America
The 2023 Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America is the eleventh season of Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America. The season began on May 12 at Laguna Seca and concluded on November 17 with the World Final at Vallelunga, featuring six rounds.

Laguna Seca
Laguna Seca Raceway (branded as WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, and previously Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca for sponsorship reasons) is a paved road racing track on the Central Coast of California used for both auto racing and motorcycle racing, built in 1957 near both Salinas and Monterey, California, United States.

The racetrack is 2.238 mi (3.602 km) long, with a 180 ft (55 m) elevation change. Its eleven turns are highlighted by the circuit's signature turn, the downhill-plunging "Corkscrew" at Turns 8 and 8A. A variety of racing, exhibition, and entertainment events are held at the raceway, ranging from superkarts to sports car racing to music festivals. Laguna Seca is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.

The name Laguna Seca is Spanish for dry lake:  the area where the track now lies was once a lake, and the course was built around the dry lake bed. After the course was reconfigured, two artificial ponds were added.
Sudan function
In the theory of computation, the Sudan function is an example of a function that is recursive, but not primitive recursive. This is also true of the better-known Ackermann function.

In 1926, David Hilbert conjectured that every computable function was primitive recursive. This was refuted by Gabriel Sudan and Wilhelm Ackermann — both his students — using different functions that were published in quick succession: Sudan in 1927, Ackermann in 1928.

The Sudan function is the earliest published example of a recursive function that is not primitive recursive.

David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.
Kiln (video game)
Kiln is an upcoming team-based pottery party brawler action video game developed by Double Fine Productions and published by Xbox Game Studios. It is scheduled to be released for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S in Q2 2026. Originally conceived during the studio's 2014 "Amnesia Fortnight" internal game jam, the project focuses on physics-based combat and character customization centered around the medium of pottery. The official reveal occurred at Xbox Developer Direct on January 22, 2026.

Xbox Game Studios
Xbox Game Studios (previously known as Microsoft Studios, Microsoft Game Studios, and Microsoft Games) is an American video game publisher based in Redmond, Washington. It was established in March 2000, spun out from an internal Games Group, for the development and publishing of video games for Microsoft Windows. It has since expanded to include games and other interactive entertainment for the namesake Xbox platforms, other desktop operating systems, Windows Mobile and other mobile platforms, web-based portals, and other game consoles.

Xbox Game Studios, alongside ZeniMax Media and Activision Blizzard, are part of the Microsoft Gaming division led by Phil Spencer, who is chief executive officer of the division.