hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Pan American Aquatics Championships
The 1st Pan American Aquatics Championships, organized by PanAm Aquatics, were held from May 13 to 25, 2025, in Medellín, Colombia, being the inaugural edition of the championships.

All events were held within the César Zapata Aquatic Complex, except the open water swimming events, which took place at the Peñol-Guatapé Reservoir. It served as a qualifying event for the 2025 World Aquatics Championships, the 2025 Junior Pan American Games, the World Aquatics Junior Swimming Championships and the World Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championships.

World Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championships
The World Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championships, formerly known as the FINA World Junior Water Polo Championships, is an international water polo tournament held every two years for the players under the age of 20. It was launched by FINA in 1981 for men and in 1995 for women.
CPC Corporation
The CPC Corporation (Chinese: 台灣中油; pinyin: Táiwān Zhōngyóu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân Tiong-iû; lit. 'Taiwan Chinese Petroleum') is a state-owned petroleum, natural gas, and gasoline company in Taiwan and is the core of the Taiwanese petrochemicals industry.

Formosa Plastics Group
Formosa Plastics Group (FPG, Chinese: 臺塑企業; pinyin: Tái Sù Jítuán) is a titular Taiwanese conglomerate of diverse interests, including biotechnology, petrochemical processing and production of electronics components.  The group was founded by Wang Yung-ching and his brother Wang Yung-tsai, and is chaired by Wong Wen-yuan. Despite its name, its holdings include several companies prominent in the high tech electronics sector, including VIA Technologies and Nanya Technology Corporation.
Stillwater Bridge (Salmon River, New York)
Stillwater Bridge is a historic Pratt through Truss bridge located at Stillwater in Oswego County, New York. It is a two-span bridge constructed in 1913 and spans the Salmon River. It was constructed by the Penn Bridge Company of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

The bridge was demolished by Oswego County in 2010.

Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Urban planning in Africa
Urban planning in Africa results from indigenous aesthetics and conceptions of form and function as well as the changes brought on by industrialization, modernization, and colonialism. Before the Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of Africa, indigenous African cities and villages had ordered structures that varied along ethnic and religious lines and according to geography. All land-uses necessary for functioning––markets, religious sites, farms, communal assembly spaces––existed in ordered, rational ways, as did land property practices and laws, many of which changed under colonial control. Urbanity changed significantly from pre-colonial to colonial times, as slavery, Christianity, and a host of other forces caused a change in the population of indigenous urban dwellers.

Town Planners Registration Council
The Town Planners Registration Council of Nigeria (TOPREC) is the government body established by General Ibrahim Babangida's regime through its Decree 3 of 1988 (the "Town Planners Registration Decree"), which became an Act of Parliament in 2004. The council was established to protect, regulate, and control the practice of the profession of urban and regional planning in all aspects throughout Nigeria.

The council inducted 321 newly registered town planners at its 29th induction training workshop in Abuja in 2016. The council in 2017 criticised how the resettlement of displaced persons affected by the Boko Haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria was being handled by the federal government and the affected states. It claimed the operation was unplanned and poorly coordinated.
Boonton Iron Works
The Boonton Iron Works were founded about 1770 by Samuel Ogden who, with others in his family, purchased a 6-acre (24,000 m2) tract along the Rockaway River, near present-day Boonton, New Jersey. Here rolling and slitting mills were erected that engaged in the manufacture of nail rods and bar iron. With the construction of the Morris Canal in 1830, the New Jersey Iron Company was organized. This company built a new plant costing $283,000 (equivalent to $8.4 million in 2024) and imported skilled mechanics from England. Under Fuller & Lord (1852–1876) the enterprise become an integrated industry with ore and timber reserves, canal boats, furnaces, mills and auxiliary plants. After 1881, the business slowly declined. The plant closed in 1911.

Metallurgical furnace
A metallurgical furnace is an industrial furnace used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Furnaces have been a central piece of equipment throughout the history of metallurgy; processing metals with heat is even its own engineering specialty known as pyrometallurgy.

One important furnace application, especially in iron and steel production, is smelting, where metal ores are reduced under high heat to separate the metal content from mineral gangue. The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion or by electricity. Different processes and the unique properties of specific metals and ores have led to many different furnace types.
Image editing
Image editing  encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or edit illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch. The term "image editing" usually refers only to the editing of 2D images, not 3D ones.

Non-photorealistic rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism. NPR is inspired by other artistic modes such as painting, drawing, technical illustration, and animated cartoons. NPR has appeared in movies and video games in the form of cel-shaded animation (also known as "toon" shading) as well as in scientific visualization, architectural illustration and experimental animation.
1987 Team Ice Racing World Championship
The 1987 Team Ice Racing World Championship was the ninth edition of the Team World Championship. The final was held on 7th/8th March 1987, in Heerenveen in the Netherlands.

The Soviet Union won their seventh title.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Anthony Godfrey (politician)
Anthony Godfrey was a politician from Newfoundland. Godfrey represented the district of Conception Bay in the House of Assembly from 1836 to 1840. Godfrey first ran in the 1836 election for the Liberal Party where he would receive 73 votes. A year later in 1837, another election would be called. This time, Godfrey would go unchallenged and would win by acclimation. In 1840, Godfrey would die, however, it would not be until 1842 that his seat would be filled.

1837 Newfoundland general election
The 1837 Newfoundland general election was held from May 8 to May 25, 1837 to elect members of the 2nd General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The results of the previous election had been set aside by Chief Justice Henry John Boulton after he discovered some of the writs from the previous election had not been marked with the official seal. Most of the incumbents ran for re-election and the Liberal reformers retained their control over the government. All of the candidates appear to have won by acclamation.
Kurban Berdyev
Kurban Bekiyevich Berdyev (Turkmen: Gurban Bekiýewiç Berdiýew, Russian: Курбан Бекиевич Бердыев; born 25 August 1952) is a Turkmen-Russian football manager, and a former Soviet footballer who is in charge of the Azerbaijani club Turan Tovuz. In 2017 he was included among top 50 managers in the world by fourfourtwo.com, at the 36th place, ahead of Brendan Rodgers.

FK Köpetdag Aşgabat
FK Köpetdag Aşgabat (Football Club Köpetdag, Turkmen: Köpetdag Futbol Kluby) is a professional football club based in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It currently plays in the top tier Ýokary Liga. Their home ground is Köpetdag Stadium which can hold 26,000 people. The Köpetdag traditional kit colours are blue and white. They are one of the country's most successful clubs having won 6 Turkmen championships and 6 cups.
Norma Michaels
Norma Michaels (March 13, 1924 – January 11, 2020) was an American television and film character actress, with a career spanning six decades from her debut in 1954 until 2018. She was best known of the latter for her portraying of elderly woman on the small screen as "Josephine" on the CBS sitcom The King of Queens, she briefly worked as counselor/therapist during the 1980s.

Born and raised in Los Angeles, she got her break appearing on The Jack Benny Show. Her many television credits included Modern Family, Highway to Heaven, The George Gobel Show, Dr. Kildare, Playing House, 2 Broke Girls and Everybody Loves Raymond. Her film roles included Easy A, Wedding Crashers and Bad Arse, and she also appeared in Hello, My Name Is Doris, where she played the mother of Sally Field's character.

George Gobel
George Leslie Goebel (May 20, 1919 – February 24, 1991) was an American humorist, actor, and comedian. He was best known as the star of his own weekly comedy variety television series, The George Gobel Show, on NBC from 1954 to 1959 and on CBS from 1959 to 1960 (alternating in its last season with The Jack Benny Program). He was also a familiar panelist on the NBC game show Hollywood Squares.
Gause (surname)
Gause is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Gause (1879–1944) Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court

Georgy Gause (1910–1986), Russian biologist

Jesse Gause (1785–c. 1836), early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement

Nora Trueblood Gause, (1851-1955), American humanitarian

Paul Gause (born 1986), American college basketball player

Quentin Gause (born 1992), American football player

Rufus Hollis Gause (1925–2015), US theologian

Quentin Gause
Quentin Gause (born October 30, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and signed with the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2016.
The Bashful Casanova
The Bashful Casanova (German: Der schüchterne Casanova) is a 1936 German comedy film directed by Karel Lamac and starring Paul Kemp, Fita Benkhoff and Charlott Daudert. It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Wilhelm Depenau and Erich Zander.

Karel Lamač
Karel Lamač (27 January 1897 – 2 August 1952) was a Czech film director, actor, screenwriter, producer and singer. He directed more than 100 films in Czechoslovakia, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Listed buildings in Bradford (Little Horton Ward)
Little Horton is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains eight listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The ward is to the southwest of the centre of Bradford, and is residential.  All the listed buildings are sandstone cottages dating from the first half of the 19th century.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Paul Van der Linden
Paul Van der Linden, sometimes credited as Paul Huguenot Van der Linden, is a Dutch-Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the 1975 film Eliza's Horoscope, for which he won the Canadian Film Award for Best Cinematography at the 26th Canadian Film Awards, and the 1994 film Henry & Verlin, for which he was a Genie Award nominee in the same category at the 15th Genie Awards.

His other film credits have included High (1967), The Merry Wives of Tobias Rouke (1972), Once Upon a Time in the East (1974), Lies My Father Told Me (1975), King Solomon's Treasure (1979), Kelly (1981), Just a Game (1983), The Blue Man (1985), Ms. Bear (1997) and The Big Snake of the World (1999).

Once Upon a Time in the East (1974 film)
Once Upon a Time in the East (French: Il était une fois dans l'est) is a 1974 Canadian drama film directed by André Brassard. The film stars Denise Filiatrault, Michelle Rossignol, Frédérique Collin, Amulette Garneau, Béatrice Picard and Rita Lafontaine. It was entered into the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.
Charles Tobin
Charles Stuart Tobin (November 24, 1885 – May 30, 1924) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Tobin played 175 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Amongst the PCHA teams he played for were the New Westminster Royals, Portland Rosebuds, Seattle Metropolitans, Vancouver Millionaires and Victoria Cougars.

New Westminster Royals
The New Westminster Royals was the name of several professional ice hockey teams based in New Westminster, British Columbia, first established in 1911 for the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Though nominally based in New Westminster, the team played its home games at the Denman Arena in nearby Vancouver, as an arena was not available; the team would never play a PCHA home game in New Westminster as a result. They won the inaugural PCHA championship in 1912, though financial difficulties saw the team relocated to Portland, Oregon in 1914 and become the Portland Rosebuds.
Datasheets.com
DataSheets.com is a searchable database of electronic component data sheets and purchasing information.  The website is intended for Design engineers and Electronics purchasing agents. DataSheets.com was developed by UBM in conjunction with SiliconExpert Technologies.

Arrow Electronics
39°35′26″N 104°52′09″W﻿ / ﻿39.590568°N 104.869118°W﻿ / 39.590568; -104.869118

Arrow Electronics, Inc., is an American company headquartered in Centennial, Colorado. A global provider of electronic components and enterprise computing products, the company specializes in distribution and value-added services for original equipment manufacturers, value-added resellers, managed service providers, contract manufacturers and other commercial customers. The company is ranked No. 154 in the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. The company has also been recognized for 26 years overall on Fortune's "World's Most Admired Companies" list.
Learning as You Go (song)
"Learning as You Go" is a song written by Larry Boone and Billy Lawson, and recorded by American country music artist Rick Trevino.  It was released in June 1996 as the first single and title track from the album Learning as You Go.  The single reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Rick Trevino
Ricardo Treviño Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single "Just Enough Rope", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included  on his debut album Dos Mundos; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, "Running Out of Reasons to Run", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996.
Expedition 56
Expedition 56 was the 56th expedition to the International Space Station, which began on June 3, 2018, upon the departure of Soyuz MS-07. Andrew Feustel, Oleg Artemyev, and Richard R. Arnold were transferred from Expedition 55, with Andrew Feustel taking the commander role. Alexander Gerst, Serena M. Auñón-Chancellor, and Sergey Prokopyev launched aboard Soyuz MS-09, on June 6, 2018. Expedition 56 ended with the departure of Soyuz MS-08 on October 4, 2018.

Richard R. Arnold
Richard Robert Arnold II (born November 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Maryland) is an American educator and a  NASA astronaut. He flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-119, which launched March 15, 2009, and delivered the final set of solar arrays to the International Space Station. He launched again in 2018 to the ISS, onboard Soyuz MS-08.

Arnold was raised in Bowie, Maryland and is married to Eloise Miller Arnold of Bowie. They have two daughters.
William Alexander Richardson
William Alexander Richardson (January 16, 1811 – December 27, 1875) was a prominent Illinois Democratic politician before and during the American Civil War. A protege of Stephen Douglas, Richardson was an ardent proponent of Jacksonian democracy, popular sovereignty, and strict constructionism. During the American Civil War, he switched from supporting the conflict to join the Copperhead wing of the Democratic party and bitterly criticize President Abraham Lincoln.

Strict constructionism
In the United States, strict constructionism is a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts the powers of the federal government only to those expressly, i.e., explicitly and clearly, granted to the government by the United States Constitution. While commonly confused with textualism or originalism, they are not the same, and in fact frequently contradict, as textualists like Antonin Scalia have noted.
Crown Agents Philatelic and Security Printing Archive
The Crown Agents Philatelic and Security Printing Archive was deposited with the British Museum (later becoming the British Library) from the 1960s, though the first recorded deposit from the Crown Agents was in 1900. The archive consists of a range of philatelic and written material which were the Crown Agents' working records. It is the most comprehensive record of British Colonial and Commonwealth stamp issues of the last 100 years.

This is a current archive and is continually receiving deposits, mainly stamps, miniature sheets, stamp booklets, and proofs.

Crown Agents
Crown Agents Ltd is a not-for-profit international development company with head office in London, United Kingdom, and subsidiaries in the United States and Japan. Incorporated as a private limited company Crown Agents Ltd has only one shareholder – the Crown Agents Foundation, a not-for-profit company. Crown Agents Ltd's registered office is in Southwark, London. Crown Agents was placed into insolvency on the 1 August 2024.
Emy Roeder
Emy Roeder (30 January 1890 – 7 February 1971) was a modern German sculptor born in Würzburg, Germany. During the first third of the twentieth century she was one of a number of women that were associated with the German Expressionist movement of Modern art.  She was the first woman to achieve Master Student of sculpture  as a student at the Berlin Academy In 1937 her work was labeled Degenerate art by the Nazis. After World War II she was arrested in Italy by the Allies because she was a German citizen and then sent to an internment camp. She received the Villa Romana prize in 1936, and was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit for her life work in 1960.  She died, aged 81, in Mainz.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Nuno Gomes
Nuno Miguel Soares Pereira Ribeiro OIH (born 5 July 1976), known as Nuno Gomes, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He was given the nickname Gomes during childhood after Fernando Gomes, and was regarded as one of the country's most recognisable attacking players in the 1990s and 2000s; he consistently scored for both club and country, and was also capable of being a good link-up player, accumulating a number of assists throughout his career, which was spent mainly with Benfica, for which he netted 166 goals in 398 games over the course of 12 seasons.

Gomes represented Portugal in two World Cups and three European Championships. He helped the national team finish second at Euro 2004 and third at Euro 2000, and won 79 senior caps.

Assist (association football)
In association football, an assist is a contribution leading to the scoring of a goal, where the contribution is made by someone on the scoring team other than the scorer. Statistics for assists made by players may be kept officially by the organisers of a competition, or unofficially by, for example, journalists or organisers of fantasy football competitions. Recording assists is not part of the official Laws of the Game and the criteria for an assist to be awarded may vary. Record of assists was virtually not kept at all until the end of the 20th century, although reports of matches commonly described a player as having "made" one or more goals. Since the 1990s, some leagues have kept official record of assists and based awards on them.

The separate player statistics "goals [scored]" and "assists" may be aggregated to a statistic called "[goal] contributions" or "[goal] involvements" (analogous to what is called a point in ice hockey).