hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David–Grinham rivalry
The squash players Nicol David (Malaysia) and Natalie Grinham  (Netherlands)  have a long rivalry. They have met 32 times during  their careers, with David leading their overall head-to-head series 25–7. Natalie is David's most frequent opponent on tour. 16 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including two in the World Open tournament. The World Open 2006 final between David and Natalie is dubbed to be one of the greatest in the Women's World Open history.

The longest match between the duo is in the 2007 CIMB Kuala Lumpur Open;  which saw David go on to win in a five set match that lasted in 102  minutes. David won 6–9, 9–3,  9–6, 7–9, 9–6. On 27 September 2009, in the $118,000 2009 Women's World Open final, David won the match in four sets 3–11, 11–6, 11–3, 11–8 to become only the third player in the history of the championships to win four titles, alongside Australia's Sarah Fitz-Gerald and New Zealander Susan Devoy.

Natalie Grinham
Natalie Marie Grinham (born 16 March 1978 in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia) is an Australian former professional squash player. During her career, she has won three Commonwealth Games gold medals, and finished runner-up at both the World Open and the British Open. She reached her highest career ranking in 2007 when she became the World No. 2. She represented Australia in international squash competitions up to 2006. She is married to the Dutch squash player Tommy Berden, and took up Dutch citizenship in February 2008. Both Tommy and Natalie became the first husband and wife team to win a joint championship in squash after winning the respective trophies at the inaugural edition of the Tranzparanz Open in June 2006 which was held in Almere, Netherlands.

Natalie's older sister Rachael Grinham is also one of the world's former leading professional squash players.
Markus Fagerudd
Markus Simon Fagerudd (born 1 June 1961) is a Finnish composer.

Fagerudd was born in Jakobstad, Finland. In the 1980s, he studied composition at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki under Olli Kortekangas and Kalevi Aho, while working as a musician and composer at the KOM-Theatre. He studied at the Karlsruhe Music Academy from 1993 to 1994 under Wolfgang Rihm. He was composer in residence with the Lappeenranta City Orchestra, and since 1997 he has been the composer in residence with the Vaasa City Orchestra.

Fagerudd's varied musical output includes works for solo instruments, chamber and symphony orchestras, and choirs. His best-known works include his children's operas commissioned by the Finnish National Opera and the Savonlinna Opera Festival: Gaia; Strawhat, Feltslipper and the Big Bang ("Heinähattu, Vilttitossu ja suuri pamaus"); and The Seven Dog Brothers ("Seitsemän koiraveljestä").

Finnish National Opera and Ballet
The Finnish National Opera and Ballet (Finnish: Suomen Kansallisooppera ja -baletti; Swedish: Finlands Nationalopera och -balett) is a Finnish opera company and ballet company based in Helsinki. It is headquartered in the Opera House on the coast of the Töölönlahti bay in Töölö, which opened in 1993, and is state-owned through Senate Properties. The Opera House features two auditoriums, the main auditorium with 1,350, seats and a smaller studio auditorium with 300–500 seats.
Winnipeg Film Group
The Winnipeg Film Group (WFG) is an artist-run film education, production, distribution, and exhibition centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, committed to promoting the art of Canadian cinema, especially independent cinema.

While specializing in short films, WFG's collection ranges from works one-second shorts to full-length features, with films spanning various genres including narrative drama and comedy, animation, documentary and experimental, as well as hybrids of genres. The organization has been noted for spearheading and playing a key role in the development of a distinctly Winnipeg-based style of filmmaking, which often draws on unconventional, experimental and avant-garde styles of filmmaking — such as Guy Maddin's frequent use of the visual language of old silent films — to tell surreal and anti-authoritarian stories.

As a non-profit organization, its operations are funded by the Canada Council for the Arts, Manitoba Arts Council, and Winnipeg Arts Council.

Allan Kroeker
Allan Kroeker (born April 10, 1951, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian film and television director, cinematographer, screenwriter, film editor and film producer. He has the distinction of directing the series finales for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise. He has also directed TV movies and episodic television, including Tramp at the Door.

Kroeker grew up in Winnipeg where he began his career producing films for the Mennonite Brethren Church and the Mennonite Central Committee.
Årum
Årum is a neighborhood in the north-eastern part of Fredrikstad municipality, Norway.

It is located below Sarpsfossen on the eastern bank of Glomma. Årum including the neighborhood Sundløkka had 1,183 inhabitants in 2023.

In transportation, Årum is known for the European route E6 passing it, with the Sannesund Bridge over Glomma landing at Årum.

Sarp Falls
Sarp Falls (Norwegian: Sarpefossen or Sarpsfossen) is a waterfall at Sarpsborg in Østfold, Norway.
It is the second largest waterfall in Europe by discharge, after the Rhine Falls.

This is the last waterfall on the Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway. Sarp Falls has one of the greatest flows of any waterfall in Europe. Both Rhine Falls and Dettifoss are larger and more powerful waterfalls in Europe but, while those waterfalls have between 200 and 500 m3/s (7,100 and 17,700 cu ft/s) of average water flow, Sarp Falls has approximately 577 m3/s (20,400 cu ft/s). Just above Sarp Falls is a road bridge with a vista point. There are also vista points on the east side of the falls.
Barcelona Metro line 2
Line 2 is a metro line in Barcelona operated by TMB, coloured purple and sometimes called línia lila. It is part of the city's ATM fare-integrated transport network.

As of 2013, its termini are Paral·lel, in the Sants-Montjuïc district, and Badalona Pompeu Fabra, in Badalona. Plans are underway for a southern extension to Poble Sec and Montjuïc, and eventually to El Prat airport.

Line 2's architecture bears resemblance to older lines, with its characteristic simplicity and lack of ornament. However, the stations enjoy noticeably better lighting and do incorporate some more modern architectural principles, a symbol of its construction in the 1990s.

Integrated transport network
An integrated transport network is a transport system that allows travellers to have a seamless, rapid public transport experience. Journeys are optimised to have as little interchange as possible, services are scheduled to minimise waiting times, and ticketing or other administrative tasks are reduced to the minimum. The concept may be applied to single transport modes or to combinations.
Dichotomy
A dichotomy (/daɪˈkɒtəmi/) is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be

jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and

mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts.

If there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A.

Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multicategorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes.

Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset.

Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence relation or a partition is sometimes called a setoid, typically in type theory and proof theory.
2010 Colombo floods
The 2010 Colombo floods were an isolated incident that took place between 10 November and 11 November 2010 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. As a low-pressure area developed over the city, up to 490 mm (19.3 in) of rain fell during the short period of 15 hours overnight, causing widespread damage and flooding in the area; the highest amount of rainfall in 18 years. A joint Government-UN assessment was launched on the 13th to understand the level of damage in the affected areas.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1953 followed a radically new procedure. The institution appointed its Committee on Baseball Veterans, the famous "Veterans Committee", to meet in person and consider pioneers and executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. Committees in the 1930s and 1940s had chosen several pioneers and executives, but this was the first direction of anyone's attention to field personnel other than players, the managers and umpires.

The first Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and elected six people: Ed Barrow, Chief Bender, Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Bobby Wallace, and Harry Wright. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail, per usual, to select from recent players and elected two, Dizzy Dean and Al Simmons. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 27, 1953, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick in attendance.

Al Simmons
Aloysius Harry Simmons (born Alois Szymanski; May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Bucketfoot Al", he had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with the team. Simmons also played for the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Boston Bees, Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. After his playing career ended, Simmons served as a coach for the Athletics and Cleveland Indians. A career .334 hitter, Simmons was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953.
Ana Maria Duran Calisto
Ana Maria Duran Calisto is an Ecuadorean architect, urbanist, environmental planner, and cofounder of architectural firm Estudio A0.

Beyond architectural design, Duran Calisto is interested in Native American cultures, climate justice, and sustainability with a focus on the history and urbanization of Amazonia as well as Amazonian communes.

Agricultural commune
An agricultural commune is a commune based on agricultural labor.  It is usually differentiated from other forms of collective agriculture by near-complete collective ownership of capital assets and collective consumption of the products of agriculture.
2025 Queensland International II – Men's doubles
Matthew Romios and Colin Sinclair were the defending champions but only Sinclair chose to defend his title, partnering Jake Delaney. They lost in the quarterfinals to Blake Ellis and Hsu Yu-hsiou.

Joshua Charlton and Patrick Harper won the title after defeating Matt Hulme and James Watt 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [12–10] in the final.

Jake Delaney
Jake Delaney (born 14 May 1997, in Sydney) is an Australian tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 434 achieved on 23 September 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 200 achieved on 23 February 2026.
Żywiec Zdrój
Żywiec Zdrój S.A. is a bottled water and drinks joint-stock company owned by Danone and based in Cięcina, Poland. Its main product is bottled water, drawn from the water source coming from the Abrahamów mountain ridge in Żywiec Landscape Park. It was established in 1992.

Bottled water
Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in plastic or glass water bottles. Bottled water may be carbonated or not with packaging sizes ranging from small single-serving bottles to large carboys for water coolers. The consumption of bottled water is influenced by factors such as convenience, taste, perceived safety, and concerns over the quality of municipal tap water. Concerns about the environmental impact of bottled water, including the production and disposal of plastic bottles, have led to calls for more sustainable practices in the industry. Some brands have attempted to address the problem of microplastics and chemicals by canning purified water.
Greedy algorithm
A greedy algorithm is any algorithm that follows the problem-solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage. In many problems, a greedy strategy does not produce an optimal solution, but a greedy heuristic can yield locally optimal solutions that approximate a globally optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time.

For example, a greedy strategy for the travelling salesman problem (which is of high computational complexity) is the following heuristic: "At each step of the journey, visit the nearest unvisited city." This heuristic does not intend to find the best solution, but it terminates in a reasonable number of steps; finding an optimal solution to such a complex problem typically requires unreasonably many steps.

In mathematical optimization, greedy algorithms optimally solve combinatorial problems having the properties of matroids and give constant-factor approximations to optimization problems with the submodular structure.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
TravBuddy.com
Travbuddy.com was a social networking website specializing in connecting travellers. The site was created by brothers Eric Bjorndahl and David Bjorndahl and  launched in 2005 by TravBuddy LLC, a privately owned company.

The site allowed users to find travel buddies planning to travel to the same places at the same times, create travel based blogs, upload travel photos and review bars, restaurants, hotels and attractions.

As of August 2013, the site had nearly 470,000 registered contributors.

As of August 2013, the site provided free access to over 198,000 blogs, 97,000 travel reviews, and 4,600,000 travel photos.

The site ceased operations on April 23, 2018.

Since its launch, the site has been featured on the NBC Nightly News, Popular Science, Real Simple Travel, and the Herald Tribune.

Popular Science
Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American popular science website, covering science and technology topics geared toward general readers. Popular Science has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in 2003 (for General Excellence), 2004 (for Best Magazine Section), and 2019 (for Single-Topic Issue). Its print magazine, which ran from 1872 to 2020, was translated into over 30 languages and distributed to at least 45 countries. In 2021, Popular Science switched to an all-digital format and abandoned the magazine format in 2023.
Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus
Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus is a bacterium from the genus Arsenicicoccus which has been isolated from the foot skin of the flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) which suffered from pododermatitis from a zoological gardens in Basel in Switzerland.

Greater flamingo
The greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is the most widespread and largest species of the flamingo family. Common in the Old World, they are found in Northern (coastal) and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent (south of the Himalayas), the Middle East, the Levant, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean countries of Southern Europe.
COMPASS complex
Complex Proteins Associated with Set1, also known as COMPASS, is a conserved protein complex playing a major role as a H3K4me3 methylase in eukaryotes. Since it was first identified in 2001, other members of the COMPASS family of methylases with different functions have been discovered, in particular in humans.

The COMPASS complex, or similar protein complexes, have been identified in species ranging from single-celled fungi to humans. They play an important regulatory role in many essential biological processes including DNA repair, the progression of the cell cycle, and transcription through the methylenation of histone lysines.

The COMPASS complex is an example of a trithorax-group protein. The MLL1/SET domain associated with the COMPASS complex have crystal structure. The gene Cps50 coordinates the construction of COMPASS.

Trithorax-group proteins
Trithorax-group proteins (TrxG) are a heterogeneous collection of proteins whose main action is to maintain gene expression. They can be categorized into three general classes based on molecular function:

histone-modifying TrxG proteins

chromatin-remodeling TrxG proteins

DNA-binding TrxG proteins,

plus other TrxG proteins not categorized in the first three classes.
Ouvrage Bousse
Ouvrage Bousse, also known as Ouvrage Bois de Bousse, is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line in the Fortified Sector of Boulay.  The ouvrage is located between petit ouvrage Hobling and gros ouvrage Anzeling, near Hestroff in the Bois du Bousse, facing Germany. A small position, it was manned primarily by reservists. It is noted for the events of 15 June 1940, when it received orders to prepare for an evacuation as German forces advanced along the Line in the Battle of France. As the garrison prepared to abandon the position, sabotaging equipment, they destroyed their telephone connection, leaving them unable to receive the order countermanding the evacuation. The garrison was captured three days after leaving Bousse. Bousse is now managed as a museum and is open to public visitation.

Hestroff
Hestroff (French pronunciation: [ɛstʁɔf]; German: Hessdorf; Lorraine Franconian: Heschtroff) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Localities of the commune: Bousse, Dordatz, Geismühl.
Anjelica Gonzalez
Anjelica L. Gonzalez is an American biomedical engineer and scientist. She is an Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Yale University, and is part of the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program. Her work focuses primarily on biomimetic materials, or the development of materials that mimic human organs, to study how drugs and other medical interventions can reverse tissue damage caused by environmental pollutants, inflammation, and diseases. She is also the principal investigator for the "PremieBreathe" device which has developed a low-cost device designed to save the lives of premature babies in settings that lack safe respiratory devices.

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
The Chinese Gold Murders
The Chinese Gold Murders is a gong'an historical mystery novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.

The book includes a map of the fictional town of Peng-lai.

Gong'an fiction
Gong'an or crime-case fiction (Chinese: 公案小说) is a subgenre of Chinese crime fiction involving government magistrates who solve criminal cases. Gong'an fiction first appeared in the colloquial stories of the Song dynasty. Gong'an fiction developed into one of the most popular genres of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Judge Dee and Judge Bao stories are the best known examples of the genre.
Fallen Angels: Six Noir Tales Told for Television
Fallen Angels: Six Noir Tales Told for Television is a 1993 anthology, published by Grove Press as a tie-in to the Showtime television series Fallen Angels that appeared in the fall of 1993.

The book contains six stories by six masters of hard-boiled noir and the teleplays for their film adaptations.

The hard-boiled stories were written by: Raymond Chandler, Jim Thompson, William Campbell Gault, Cornell Woolrich, Jonathan Craig and James Ellroy.

Preface: by James Ellroy.

James Ellroy
Lee Earle "James" Ellroy (born March 4, 1948) is an American crime fiction writer and essayist. Ellroy has become known for a telegrammatic prose style in his most recent work, wherein he frequently omits connecting words and uses only short, staccato sentences, and in particular for the novels The Black Dahlia (1987) and L.A. Confidential (1990).
Gall Force
Gall Force (ガルフォース, Garu Fōsu) is a metaseries of science fiction anime OVAs by the studios Artmic and AIC, with production by Youmex. The original character designs were by Kenichi Sonoda, though these were dropped for the Gall Force: The Revolution remake. Central Park Media has licensed most of the films and OVAs with the exceptions of Ten Little Gall Force, Scramble Wars, and The Revolution.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."