hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaina Martinez
Kaina Darina Martinez (born 20 February 1986) is a Belizean athlete. She competed in 100 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In 2017, she was named one of nine finalist for the NCAA Woman of the Year Award. Martinez was born in the Garifuna village of Seine Bight, Stann Creek District.

Kingsville, Texas
Kingsville is a city in the southern region of the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Kleberg County. Located on the U.S. Route 77 corridor between Corpus Christi and Harlingen, Kingsville is the principal city of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Corpus Christi-Kingsville Combined Statistical Area. The population was 25,402 at the 2020 census, and in 2022 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population at 24,833.

Named in honor of Richard King, the city was founded to provide infrastructure for the adjacent King Ranch, as well as serve as the headquarters of the newly founded St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway. In 1904, the first tracks were laid and the first buildings constructed for the planned city. In 1911, the city was incorporated. It is home to Texas A&M University-Kingsville, a member of the Texas A&M University System, and Naval Air Station Kingsville, one of the U.S. Navy's two locations for jet aviation training.
Lakhdenpokhya
Lahdenpohja (Russian: Лахденпо́хья; Finnish and Swedish: Lahdenpohja; Karelian: Lahdenpohju) is a town and the administrative center of Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located 330 kilometers (210 mi) west of Petrozavodsk on the Aurajoki River. Population:  7,813 (2010 Census); 8,751 (2002 Census); 10,429 (1989 Soviet census).

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
James Welldon (cricketer)
James Turner Welldon (3 August 1847 – 6 February 1927) was an English first-class cricketer active 1867 to 1869 who played for Kent and Cambridge University. He was born in Tonbridge; died in Ashford, Kent.

Tonbridge
Tonbridge (/ˈtʌnbrɪdʒ/ TUN-brij) (historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in Kent, England, on the River Medway, 4 miles (6 km) north of Royal Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles (19 km) south west of Maidstone and 29 miles (47 km) south east of London. In the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling, it had an estimated population of 41,293 in 2019.
Oberburg, Regensberg
Oberburg (English: Upper Castle) or Oberstadt (Upper Town) is the upper section of the medieval municipality of Regensberg, Switzerland, which was founded as a hilltop fortified settlement. The 13th-century Regensberg Castle is located in Oberburg, which is enclosed by the town wall, partly formed by two rows of houses which were constructed in the late 17th century. Also within the square is a 57 m (187 ft)-deep water well. Regensberg Reformed Church overlooks the main square. Beside it is the round tower (German: rundturm), the only remnant of the castle.

Oberburg is separated from Unterburg (lower castle), likely built in the 14th century, by a gate.

The fountain (centre) and well (right)

Gate to and from Unterburg, looking south

Regensberg Reformed Church

Round tower

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes.

The Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry S. Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style. The paper is the major newspaper of the Kansas City metropolitan area and has widespread circulation in western Missouri and eastern Kansas.

Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States.  In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
Chastain Park
Chastain Memorial Park (originally known as the North Fulton Park, commonly known as Chastain Park) is the second-largest city park in Atlanta, Georgia.  It is a 268-acre (1.08 km2) park near the northern edge of the city.  Included in the park are jogging paths, playgrounds, NYO ball fields, tennis courts, a golf course, swimming pool, horse park and amphitheater.

Jogging
Jogging is a form of trotting or running at a slow or leisurely pace. The main intention is to increase physical fitness with less stress on the body than from faster running but more than walking, or to maintain a steady speed for longer periods of time. Performed over long distances, it is a form of aerobic endurance training.
Schlieren photography
Schlieren photography is a process for photographing fluid flow. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion, it is widely used in aeronautical engineering to photograph the flow of air around objects.

The process works by imaging the deflections of light rays that are refracted by a moving fluid, allowing normally unobservable changes in a fluid's refractive index to be seen. Because changes to flow rate directly affect the refractive index of a fluid, one can therefore photograph a fluid's flow rate (as well as other changes to density, temperature, and pressure) by viewing changes to its refractive index.

Using the schlieren photography process, other unobservable fluid changes can also be seen, such as convection currents, and the standing waves used in acoustic levitation.

Airflow
Airflow, or air flow, is the movement of air. Air behaves in a fluid manner, meaning particles naturally flow from areas of higher pressure to those where the pressure is lower. Atmospheric air pressure is directly related to altitude, temperature, and composition.

In engineering, airflow is a measurement of the amount of air per unit of time that flows through a particular device.
It can be described as a volumetric flow rate (volume of air per unit time) or a mass flow rate (mass of air per unit time). What relates both forms of description is the air density, which is a function of pressure and temperature through the ideal gas law. The flow of air can be induced through mechanical means (such as by operating an electric or manual fan) or can take place passively, as a function of pressure differentials present in the environment.
Tree That Owns Itself
The Tree That Owns Itself is a white oak tree that, according to legend, has legal ownership of itself and of all land within eight feet (2.4 m) of its base. Also known as the Jackson Oak, the tree is at the corner of South Finley and Dearing Streets in Athens, Georgia, US. The original tree, thought to have started life between the mid-16th and late 18th century, fell in 1942, but a new tree was grown from one of its acorns and planted in the same location. The current tree is sometimes referred to as the Son of the Tree That Owns Itself. Both trees have appeared in numerous national publications, and the site is a local landmark.

Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America. It is a long-lived oak, native to eastern and central North America and found from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and southern Maine south as far as northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been documented to be over 450 years old.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark; the usual colour is a light gray. The name comes from the colour of the undersides of the leaves. In the forest it can reach a magnificent height and in the open it develops into a massive broad-topped tree with large branches striking out at wide angles.
Door-in-the-face technique
The door-in-the-face technique is a compliance method commonly studied in social psychology. The persuader attempts to convince the respondent to comply by making a large request that the respondent will most likely turn down, much like a metaphorical slamming of a door in the persuader's face. The respondent is then more likely to agree to a second, more reasonable request, than if that same request is made in isolation. The DITF technique can be contrasted with the foot-in-the-door (FITD) technique, in which a persuader begins with a small request and gradually increases the demands of each request. Both the FITD and DITF techniques increase the likelihood a respondent will agree to the second request. The door-in-the-face technique was tested in a 1975 study conducted by Robert Cialdini.

Robert Cialdini
Robert Beno Cialdini (/tʃælˈdiːni/, born April 27, 1945 is an American psychologist and author. He is the Regents' Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Marketing at Arizona State University and was a visiting professor of marketing, business and psychology at Stanford University.
The Honourable Catherine
The Honourable Catherine (French: L'honorable Catherine) is a 1943 French comedy film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Edwige Feuillère, Raymond Rouleau and André Luguet. Some of the film's final scenes were directed by an uncredited Jacques de Baroncelli. It was shot at the Buttes-Chaumont Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director André Barsacq.

Cité Elgé
Cité Elgé (French pronunciation: [site ɛlʒe]) were French film studios located in Paris. They were constructed in 1905 in the Buttes-Chaumont area of the city by Gaumont, a pioneer of European cinema. They were also known as the Studios des Buttes-Chaumont. For a period they were the largest studios in the world.

In 1953 the studios came under the control of the RTF television organisation. They closed in the 1990s and were redeveloped for residential use.

The documentary dedicated to the history of the studios "Les Buttes-Chaumont, Legendary Studios", directed by Jean-François Méplon and Fabien Lepage, produced by Olivier Wlodarczyk for Egodoc, was broadcast on April 3, 2015 on France 3 Paris Île-de-France.
The Killer is Still Among Us
The Killer is Still Among Us is a 1986 Italian horror film written and directed by Camillo Teti, and co-written by Ernesto Gastaldi and Giuliano Carnimeo. It is loosely based on the crimes of the Italian serial killer known as "the Monster of Florence".

Ernesto Gastaldi
Ernesto Gastaldi (born 10 September 1934) is an Italian screenwriter. Film historian and critic Tim Lucas described Gastaldi as the first Italian screenwriter to specialize in horror and thriller films. Gastaldi worked within several popular genres including pepla, Western and spy films.
McCoy–Shoemaker Farm
McCoy–Shoemaker Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. The property includes a main house dated to the 1820s or 1830s, a  1+1⁄2-story stone spring house and dwelling built about 1800 with frame addition, large stone end bank barn, frame wash house, stone smokehouse, and brick privy.  The main house is a two-story, five-bay, L-shaped brick building on a fieldstone foundation.  The stone spring house may have also been used as a distillery.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Cenocell
Cenocell is a patented concrete-like structural material that is manufactured without the addition of Portland cement. It was invented by Mulalo Doyoyo at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Cenocell is produced from a chemical reaction involving fly ash or bottom ash and various organic chemicals. The chemical reaction produces foaming, and results in grey slurry that resembles bread dough. The mixture is then cured in ovens at temperatures near 100°C. The result is a homogenous mixture with a high strength and low weight.

Bottom ash
Bottom ash is part of the non-combustible residue of combustion in a power plant, boiler, furnace, or incinerator. In an industrial context, it has traditionally referred to coal combustion and comprises traces of combustibles embedded in forming clinkers and sticking to hot side walls of a coal-burning furnace during its operation. The portion of the ash that escapes up the chimney or stack is referred to as fly ash. The clinkers fall by themselves into the bottom hopper of a coal-burning furnace and are cooled. The above portion of the ash is also referred to as bottom ash.

Most bottom ash generated at U.S. power plants is stored in ash ponds, which can cause serious environmental damage if they experience structural failures.
SimFarm
SimFarm: SimCity's Country Cousin is a video game in which players build and manage a virtual farm. It was developed by Maxis and released in 1993 as a spin-off of SimCity. The game included a teacher's guide to teaching with SimFarm with blackline masters to be photocopied for the class and a user manual. In 1996, SimFarm and several other Maxis simulation games were rereleased under the Maxis Collector Series, with greater compatibility with Windows 95 and differing box art, including the addition of Classics beneath the title.

Maxis
Maxis is an American video game developer and a division of Electronic Arts (EA). The studio was founded in 1987 by Will Wright and Jeff Braun, and acquired by Electronic Arts in 1997. Maxis is best known for its simulation games, including The Sims, Spore and SimCity.
Lighthouse Catholic Media
Lighthouse Catholic Media is a nonprofit corporation that distributes CDs and digital downloads of Catholic-themed content.  Lighthouse has provided CD programs to over 7,500 Roman Catholic parishes throughout the United States and Canada and has distributed over 10 million audio CDs on Catholic topics. Some Catholic radio stations in the U.S., such as WBVM, broadcast Lighthouse productions as part of their regular program schedule.

Nonprofit corporation
A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.
Ezio Gamba
Ezio Gamba (born 2 December 1958) is a retired judoka from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Olympic Games (1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988). Gamba claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (‍–‍71 kg) in 1980 by defeating Great Britain's Neil Adams.

Judo at the 1980 Summer Olympics
The Judo competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics was the first time that the medal count was not dominated by Japan, since the country joined the boycott of the games because of the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Medals were awarded to male judoka in eight competitions, seven weight classes and the open competition — two more than in 1976. All events were held at the Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki (south western part of Moscow). The schedule started on July 27 and ended on August 2.
Hysteronotus
Hysteronotus is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stevardiidae. The only species in the genus is Hysteronotus megalostomus, a characin, which is endemic to Brazil in the drainage system of the São Francisco River.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
NA-128 (Lahore-XI)
NA-128 (Lahore-XI) (Urdu: این اے-۱۲۸، لاهور-۱۱) was a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. After the 2018 delimitations, its areas were divided among NA-135 (Lahore-XIII) and NA-136 (Lahore-XIV).

NA-126 Lahore-X
NA-126 Lahore-X (این اے-126، لاہور-10) is a newly-created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly comprises the section of Lahore City Tehsil along Multan Road. It also includes smaller areas of Model Town Tehsil and Raiwind Tehsil.
Paiyampalli
Paiyampalli is a village in Tirupattur taluk of Tirupattur district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located 5 km east of Barugur and 8 km west of Natrampalli. It is known for the excavation site in the region which has remains of Neolithic and Megalithic periods. The excavations in the region carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India headed by Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao in the year 1964-65 and 1967-68.

Tirupattur taluk
Tirupathur taluk is a taluk in Tirupathur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Tirupathur. It is known as the "Sandalwood Town" due to the abundant availability of sandalwood trees in the surrounding hills. On 15 August 2019, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Edapaadi K. Palanisami announced Tirupathur district, as a new district of Tamil Nadu.
Arthur Kornberg
Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1959 for the discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" together with Spanish biochemist and physician Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was also awarded the Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society in 1951, an L.H.D. degree from Yeshiva University in 1962, and the National Medal of Science in 1979. In 1991, Kornberg received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement and the Gairdner Foundation Award in 1995.

Kornberg's primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.

National Medal of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the president of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The twelve member presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science is responsible for selecting award recipients and is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF). It is the highest science award in the United States.
George L. Bartlett
George Lewis Bartlett (October 13, 1924 – December 19, 2024) was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps who attained the rank of Brigadier General. A veteran of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, he served 34 years on active duty, rising from an enlisted navigator-bombardier to the Director of the Facilities and Services Division, Installations and Logistics. Following his retirement in 1977, he served for ten years as the Executive Director of the Marine Corps Association. Bartlett died at age 100, having been one of the oldest living Marine Corps general officers.

Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and is one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the United States. It is on the Southern California coast in San Diego County and is bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente in Orange County to the north, La Cresta and Murrieta in Riverside County to the northeast, and Fallbrook to the east.

The base was established in 1942 to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was declared a "permanent installation," and by 1946 it became the home of the 1st Marine Division. It was named after Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942), who had long advocated setting up a training base for the Marine Corps on the West Coast. Today it is home to many Operating Force units, including the I Marine Expeditionary Force and various training commands.
Sy siblings
The Sy siblings are a group of six Filipino-Chinese businesspeople who are children of Henry Sy Sr. and Felicidad Tan. Recognized as belonging to the richest family in the Philippines, they as collective have often been noted by Forbes to be the richest in terms of net worth since Henry Sy Sr's death in 2019 until 2024. Each six siblings are U.S. dollar billionaires in their own right as of 2025, also according to Forbes.

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.
Breagyps
Breagyps is an extinct genus of New World vulture in the family Cathartidae.

The genus is named for the La Brea Tar Pits in California. B. clarki is one of three extinct vulture species, along with the extant Turkey vulture, with remains found in the tar pits.

La Brea Tar Pits
La Brea Tar Pits comprise an active paleontological research site in urban Los Angeles. Hancock Park was formed around a group of tar pits where natural asphalt (also called asphaltum, bitumen, or pitch; brea in Spanish) has seeped up from the ground for tens of thousands of years. Over many centuries, the bones of trapped animals have been preserved. The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there. "La Brea Tar Pits" is a registered National Natural Landmark.
Alexander Lawrence (politician)
Alexander Lawrence (c. 1847 – August 4, 1899) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Morden from 1888 to 1892 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.

He was born in Kinross-shire, the son of John Lawrence, and was educated in Scotland and England. In 1880, Lawrence married Margaret Bond. He died in Gretna, Manitoba at the age of 52.

Gretna, Manitoba
Gretna is an unincorporated urban community in the Municipality of Rhineland within the Canadian province of Manitoba that held town status prior to January 1, 2015. Just north of the Canada - United States border on PTH 30, Gretna had a population of 541 in 2016. It is bordered by Pembina County, North Dakota. The nearest American community to Gretna is Neche, North Dakota.