hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ralph McKenzie
Ralph Nelson Whitfield McKenzie (born October 20, 1941) is an American mathematician, logician, and universal algebraist. He received his doctorate from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1967.

He is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Universal algebra
Universal algebra (sometimes called general algebra) is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures in general, not specific types of algebraic structures.
For instance, rather than considering groups or rings as the object of study—this is the subject of group theory and ring theory— in universal algebra, the object of study is the possible types of algebraic structures and their relationships.
USS Jouett (DD-396)
USS Jouett (DD-396) was a Somers-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Rear Admiral James Edward Jouett.

Jouett was laid down on 26 March 1936 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; launched on 24 September 1938, sponsored by Mrs. J. R. Todd; and commissioned at Boston, Massachusetts on 25 January 1939.

Bath, Maine
Bath is a city in and county seat of Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Bath had a 2024 population of 8,870. Bath is  growing at a rate of 0.29% annually, and its population has increased by 1.21% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 8,764 in 2020. The city is popular with tourists, many drawn by its 19th-century architecture. It is home to the Bath Iron Works and Heritage Days Festival, held annually during the Fourth of July weekend. It is commonly known as the "City of Ships" due to the number of sailing ships that were built in the Bath shipyards. Bath is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Destot's sign
Destot's sign is a clinical sign in which a superficial haematoma is seen above the inguinal ligament in the groin, over the scrotum or perineum, or in the upper thigh. It can occur in patients with pelvic fracture.

Perineum
The perineum (pl.: perineums or perinea) in placental mammals is the space between the anus and the genitals. The human perineum is between the anus and scrotum in the male or between the anus and vulva in the female. The perineum is the region of the body between the pubic symphysis (pubic arch) and the coccyx (tail bone), including the perineal body and surrounding structures. The perineal raphe is visible and pronounced to varying degrees.

The perineum is frequently perceived as an erogenous zone, with touch in that area being perceived as both erogenous and aversive by different individuals.
Henry Dieckhoff
Father Henry Cyril Dieckhoff (Russian: Генрих Кирилл Дикхофф) (1869–1950) was a Russian Catholic priest and linguist. He was born in Moscow, the son of a Lutheran preacher, but spent much of his youth in Germany, as his mother was Catholic and unable to continue living in Russia. He studied in Berlin and was given Holy Orders without permission from the Russian authorities and therefore first fled to England and then Scotland, where he was welcomed as a brother at the Fort Augustus Abbey in 1891. He gained priesthood six years later in 1897.

He learned Scottish Gaelic and did detailed research into the dialect of Glengarry and published a dictionary on the dialects, A Pronouncing Dictionary of Scottish Gaelic. His dictionary was unusual for the time as it included detailed pronunciation information not only on the citation forms but also inflected forms of the entries.

Lemma (morphology)
In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. In English, for example, break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking are forms of the same lexeme, with break as the lemma by which they are indexed. Lexeme, in this context, refers to the set of all the inflected or alternating forms in the paradigm of a single word, and lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme. Lemmas have special significance in highly inflected languages such as Arabic, Turkish, and Russian. The process of determining the lemma for a given lexeme is called lemmatisation. The lemma can be viewed as the chief of the principal parts, although lemmatisation is at least partly arbitrary.
Baojun 630
The Baojun 630 is a compact car and was the first car produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling through the Baojun brand. The 630 is manufactured in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China. It was launched at the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show, and went on sale in August 2011. A five-door hatchback derivative called the 610 was added to the range in April 2014.

Liuzhou
Liuzhou (/ljuːˈdʒoʊ/; Chinese: 柳州, Standard Mandarin: [ljòʊ.ʈʂóʊ], Liuzhou Yue dialect: [liəu53 ʦəu44]) is a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The prefecture's population was 4,146,000 as of 2024 census, including 2,519,051 in the built-up area made of five urban districts. Its total area is 18,594 km2 (7,179 sq mi) and 3,559.4 km2 (1,374.3 sq mi) for the built-up area.
Hogben
Hogben is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hogben (Kent cricketer) (fl. 1780s), English cricketer known only by his surname

Alia Hogben, Canadian social worker and Muslim women activist

Edward Hewlett Hogben (1875 – 1936), Australian architect

Frances Hogben (born 1937), British Olympic swimmer

George Hogben (1853 – 1920), New Zealand educationalist and seismologist

Horace Hogben (1888 – 1975), Australian politician

Lancelot Hogben (1895–1975), British zoologist, medical statistician  and popular science writer

Lawrence Hogben (1916–2015), British/New Zealand Royal Navy officer, scientist and mathematician

Leslie Hogben, American mathematician

Michael Hogben (born 1952), British auctioneer, antiques dealer, author and TV personality

Peter Hogben (1925 – 2011) Archdeacon of Dorking

Lancelot Hogben
Lancelot Thomas Hogben FRS FRSE (9 December 1895 – 22 August 1975) was a British experimental zoologist and medical statistician. He developed the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) as a model organism for biological research in his early career, attacked the eugenics movement in the middle of his career, and wrote popular books on science, mathematics and language in his later career.
Harshad
Harshad is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Harshad Arora (born 1987), Indian television actor

Harshad Chopda (born 1983), Indian actor

Harshad Joshi, Indian television show director

Harshad Mehta (1954–2001), Indian stockbroker

Harshad Chopda
Harshad Chopda (born 17 May 1983) is an Indian actor known for his performances on Hindi television. His work has earned him seven Indian Television Academy Awards, six of which are Best Actor Popular, in addition to three Indian Telly Awards and two Asian Viewers Television Awards. Chopda is also one of the highest paid and most awarded actors in Indian television history.

He made his acting debut in 2006 with the drama show Mamta and went onto feature in shows like Left Right Left and Amber Dhara. He received wider reach for his portrayal of Prem Juneja in Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil and Anurag Ganguly in Tere Liye. Chopda expanded his work profile by essaying Raghavendra "Raghav" Pratap Singh in Saubhagyavati Bhava and Sahir Azeem Chaudhary in Humsafars. He then established himself as a successful leading actor by playing Captain Aditya Hooda in Bepannah followed by Dr. Abhimanyu Birla in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai and Rishabh Kapoor in Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 4.
Patrick Kennedy (banker)
Patrick Kennedy is the Governor of the Bank of Ireland. He took over the role on 31 July 2018 after Archie Kane retired. Patrick Kennedy had previously served as the deputy governor of the bank since 2015. After school in Gonzaga College, he graduated from University College Dublin, and qualified as a Chartered Accountant.

Kennedy is also chairman of CarTrawler and Honorary Treasurer of the Irish Rugby Football Union. After working with KPMG Corporate Finance and McKinsey & Company, he served Greencore Group plc for seven years as Chief Financial Officer. He subsequently joined Paddy Power plc as a non-executive director in 2004, and was their chief executive from 2006 to 2014. He also served as a non-executive director of Elan Corporation plc.

Patrick Kennedy joined Bank of Ireland in 2010 as a non-executive director, and became the deputy governor of the bank in 2015. He also chaired its Risk Committee from 2016 to 2018.

Paddy Power
Paddy Power is an Irish gambling company founded in 1988. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Dublin, alongside a satellite office in Malta. In February 2016, Paddy Power merged with Betfair to create Flutter Entertainment.
Bull Arm
Bull Arm is a natural arm of approximately 10 miles in length and average of 1 mile wide located at the Isthmus of Avalon on the Avalon Peninsula in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The inner reaches of the arm is located at Sunnyside, and from there it is a mere 2.72 miles to Placentia Bay at Come by Chance.

Located at Bull Arm is the Bull Arm Fabrication Site, which is the construction site of the Hibernia GBS, as well as the Hebron GBS. The area was chosen due to its natural deep channel to Trinity Bay and its calm waters in the arm.

Arm (geography)
In geography, an arm is a narrow extension, inlet, or smaller reach, of water flowing out from a much larger body of water, such as an ocean, a sea, or a lake. Although different geographically, a sound or bay may also be called an arm, or vice versa.

Both the tributary and distributary of a river are sometimes called an "arm".  By extension, a canal arm is a subsidiary branch of a canal or inland waterway. A number of place names are derived from this term, such as Salmon Arm, Indian Arm and Alice Arm.
Abolhassan Naeini
Dr. Abolhassan Naeini (Persian: ابوالحسن نائینی, born 1955 in Qazvin) is an Iranian academic and the former chancellor of Imam Khomeini International University from 2004 to 2006 and also from 2014 to 2021.

He graduated from New Jersey Institute of Technology and later received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology.

Naeini was the only chancellor of the university who was elected as by faculty member. Since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office in 2005 this method changed and again all university chancellors were selected by government, so after one year, in 2006 Dr. Hassan Ghafouri Fard a member of Islamic Coalition Party was appointed as his successor by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

Qazvin
Qazvin (Persian: قزوین; /kæzˈviːn/; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province.

Qazvin was a capital of the Safavid Empire for over forty years (1555–1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its traditional confectioneries (like Baghlava), carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Pahlavi influence on its accent.

Located in 150 km (93 mi) northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about 1,800 m (5,900 ft) above sea level. Due to its position at the south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiyam, its climate is cold but dry.
First Nebraska Bank
First Nebraska Bank is a state-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Valley, Nebraska.  Founded in 1885, First Nebraska Bank is one of the oldest banking companies in Nebraska, with over $259 million in assets as of December 31, 2012. The bank has ten branches in Nebraska, with locations in Arcadia, Bennet, Brainard, Columbus, Decatur, Emerson, Nebraska City, Stanton, Valley, and Weeping Water.  Primary federal oversight for the bank is provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, while state oversight is provided by the Nebraska Department of Banking and Finance.

Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nebraska City is a city in and the county seat of Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,222.

The Nebraska State Legislature has credited Nebraska City as being the oldest incorporated city in the state, as it was the first approved by a special act of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature in 1855.

Nebraska City is the home of Arbor Day, the Missouri River Basin Lewis and Clark Center (which focuses on the natural history achievements of the expedition), and the Mayhew Cabin, the only site in the state recognized by the National Park Service as a station on the Underground Railroad.
Bart Schilperoord
Bart Schilperoord (born 11 November 1982) is a Dutch former first-class cricketer.

Schilperoord was born at Schiedam. A club cricketer for Hermes DVS, He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Netherlands against Canada in the Intercontinental Cup at Rotterdam in July 2009, replacing retired wicket-keeper Jeroen Smits. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 15 runs in the Dutch first innings by Zameer Zahir, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 27 runs by the same bowler. As wicket-keeper, he took one catch and one stumping. He was later selected in the Dutch squad for their Intercontinental Cup fixture against Scotland in June 2010, but did not feature in the starting eleven.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Fast Breeder Test Reactor
12°33′44″N 80°09′52″E﻿ / ﻿12.5623504°N 80.1645415°E﻿ / 12.5623504; 80.1645415
The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a breeder reactor located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. The Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) jointly designed, constructed, and operate the reactor.

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is a premier Indian nuclear research centre located in Kalpakkam, India. It is the second largest establishment of the Department of Atomic Energy, after Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). It was formed as Reactor Research Centre (RCC) on April 30, 1971 by an executive order by Vikram Sarabhai, the then Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission. It was renamed to its current name in December 1985 by former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

The centre was originally established under the aegis and vision of Sarabhai as a space directed towards the development of fast breeder reactor technology in India, as part of the three-stage nuclear power program. Today, the centre is engaged in a multidisciplinary research programme in various scientific and advanced engineering fields coordinating with the primary nuclear energy research.
Chapter One: The Vanishing of Will Byers
"Chapter One: The Vanishing of Will Byers" is the series premiere of the American science fiction horror television series Stranger Things. Written and directed by series' creators The Duffer Brothers, the episode was released alongside the rest of the first season on July 15, 2016, on Netflix.

Dustin Henderson
Dustin Henderson is a fictional character from the Netflix science fiction horror television series Stranger Things, portrayed by Gaten Matarazzo. He is one of the central characters in the series, introduced in season one alongside Mike, Will, and Lucas, the main group of best friends, or as some like to call them, The Core Four.
Xprint
Xprint is a deprecated printing extension for the X Window System. It allows an application to render output to a printer just as it would to any other display device. The server portion, Xprt, uses an extension (XpExtension) to handle paged output devices. Xprint outputs as PostScript, PCL 3, PCL 5 or  as a raster bitmap at printer resolution.

Xprint is based on ISO 10175 and other specifications.

Some applications and frameworks supporting Xprint include Mozilla and Mozilla Firefox, and the Qt, Athena, Motif and LessTif toolkits.

Xprint was first introduced in X11R6.3, rewritten for inclusion with X11R6.8 and removed from X.Org Server in May 2008. Xprint is now available from a separate repository.

Page description language
In digital printing, a page description language (PDL) is a computer language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap (or generally raster graphics). An overlapping term is printer control language, which includes Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL). PostScript is one of the most noted page description languages. The markup language adaptation of the PDL is the page description markup language.

Page description languages are text (human-readable) or binary data streams, usually intermixed with text or graphics to be printed. They are distinct from graphics application programming interfaces (APIs) such as GDI and OpenGL that can be called by software to generate graphical output.
Glasper
Glasper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Robert Glasper (born 1978), American jazz pianist

Ryan Glasper (born 1985), Canadian and American football player

Tyre Glasper (born 1987), American football player

Ryan Glasper
Ryan E. Glasper (born June 15, 1985) is a former professional Canadian football and American football safety. He was signed as a street free agent by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2007. He played college football for the Boston College Eagles.

Glasper was also a member of the Toronto Argonauts, Edmonton Eskimos and Hartford Colonials.
Index of physics articles
Physics (Greek: physis–φύσις meaning "nature") is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as mass, charge, matter and its motion and all that derives from these, such as energy, force and spacetime. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the world and universe behave.

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

To navigate by individual letter use the table of contents below.

Charge (physics)
In physics, a charge is any of many different quantities, such as the electric charge in electromagnetism or the color charge in quantum chromodynamics. Charges correspond to the time-invariant generators of a symmetry group, and specifically, to the generators that commute with the Hamiltonian.  Charges are often denoted by ⁠⁠, and so the invariance of the charge corresponds to the vanishing commutator ⁠⁠, where  is the Hamiltonian. Thus, charges are associated with conserved quantum numbers; these are the eigenvalues of the generator . A "charge" can also refer to a point-shaped object with an electric charge and a position, such as in the method of image charges.
Mill Ends Park
Mill Ends Park (sometimes mistakenly called Mill's End Park) is the smallest urban park in the United States. It consists of 1 tree, located in the median strip of SW Naito Parkway next to Tom McCall Waterfront Park along the Willamette River near SW Taylor Street in the downtown core of Portland, Oregon, United States. The park is a small circle 2 ft (0.61 m) across, with a total area of 452 sq in (0.292 m2). It was the smallest park in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records, which first granted it this recognition in 1971, and held the distinction until February 2025, when the honour was awarded to a park in the town of Nagaizumi, Japan, dubbed 'The world's smallest park,' which is 0.24 m2 (370 sq in).

Nagaizumi
Nagaizumi (長泉町, Nagaizumi-chō) is a town located in Suntō District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2019, the town had an estimated population of 43,568 in 18154 households  and a population density of 1,600 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 26.63 square kilometres (10.28 sq mi).
Bled Jezero railway station
Bled Jezero railway station (Slovene: Železniška postaja Bled Jezero) is the principal railway station in Bled, Slovenia. The station is located above the west coast of Lake Bled. It is connected to the lake and the settlement Zaka by a footpath. It is located on the Jesenice - Sežana railway and train services from Jesenice to Nova Gorica call here approximately once every two hours in each direction, however the timetable is irregular. Some of the services are extended from/to Ljubljana and Sežana.

Sežana
Sežana (pronounced [sɛˈʒáːna] ⓘ; Italian: Sesana) is a town in the Slovenian Littoral region of Slovenia, near the border with Italy. It is the seat of the Municipality of Sežana. Sežana is located on the Karst Plateau, 17 kilometres (11 miles) from Trieste, Italy, and 80 km (50 mi) from Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia.
Jareninski Vrh
Jareninski Vrh (pronounced [jaɾɛˈniːnski ˈʋəɾx], German: Jahringberg) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Pesnica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies along the ridge above Jareninski Dol in the western part of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. Jarenina Creek (Slovene: Jareninski potok) flows along the western edge of the settlement.

Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice, German: Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija). The region is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart.
Trinidad and Tobago at the 2019 Parapan American Games
Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 2019 Parapan American Games held from August 23 to September 1, 2019 in Lima, Peru. In total, athletes representing Trinidad and Tobago won two gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal. All medals were won in athletics. The country finished in 12th place in the medal table.

2019 Parapan American Games
The 2019 Parapan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Parapanamericanos de 2019), officially the VI Pan American Games and commonly known as the Lima 2019 ParaPan-Am Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee, which was held from August 23 to September 1, 2019 in Lima, Peru.