hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ben Gardner (politician)
Benjamin Walter Gardner (1865 – 13 January 1948) was a Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament.

Born in Halstead, in Essex, Gardner became a socialist, and was a founding member of the West Ham Independent Labour Party.  He contested Upton unsuccessfully at the general elections of 1918 and 1922.  He won it in 1923, lost it in 1924, won it back in 1929, lost it in 1931, won it back at a by-election in 1934, and stood down in 1945.

A local councillor and alderman, Gardner served as Mayor of the County Borough of West Ham 1924 to 1925. On behalf of West Ham Borough Council, he was a member of the Metropolitan Water Board from 1934 to 1943.

Upton (UK Parliament constituency)
Upton (strictly the Upton Division of West Ham) was a parliamentary constituency in the Borough of West Ham in the South-West of Essex (now East London), which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election and abolished for the 1950 general election.
Road signs in Myanmar
Road signs in Myanmar are the standardized visual indicators used on roads and highways throughout the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to regulate, warn, and guide road users. The system encompasses traffic signs, road markings, and signal devices designed to enhance safety and traffic efficiency. Myanmar's road sign system is influenced by Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals and domestic regulatory frameworks.

Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals
The Convention on Road Signs and Signals, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is a multilateral treaty that establishes an international standard for signing systems for road traffic, such as road signs, traffic lights and road markings.

The Convention was agreed upon by the United Nations Economic and Social Council at its Conference on Road Traffic in Vienna, Austria from 7 October to 8 November 1968. Thirty-one countries signed the Convention on the final day of the conference, and it entered into force on 6 June 1978. This conference also produced the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which provides complementary standardising of international traffic laws.
Hyalin
Hyalin is a protein released from the cortical granules of a fertilized animal egg.  The released hyalin modifies the extracellular matrix of the fertilized egg to block other sperm from binding to the egg, and is known as the slow-block to polyspermy.  All animals have this slow-block mechanism.

Hyalin is a large, acidic protein which aids in embryonic development.  The protein has strong adhesive properties which can help with cell differentiation and as a polyspermy prevention component.  It forms the hyaline layer which covers the surface of the egg after insemination.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
Mendoza-class destroyer
The Mendoza class were a series of three destroyers built in the United Kingdom for the Argentine Navy in the 1920s. They were the first part of the Argentine re-armament programme of the 1920s. Construction began in 1927 and all three were commissioned in 1929. All three destroyers were converted to anti-aircraft escorts in 1958 and remained in service until 1962 when they were discarded.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Dick Creith
Dick Creith (born 28 August 1938) was a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Bushmills. He competed in only two Grand Prix races during his career, the 1964 and 1965 500cc Ulster Grand Prix. He won the 1965 500cc Ulster Grand Prix. He was also a two-time winner of the North West 200 race in Northern Ireland.

1965 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1965 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 17th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix races in six classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc, 50cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 21 March, with United States Grand Prix and ended with Japanese Grand Prix on October, 24.
Millicent Brown
Millicent Ellison Brown is an American civil rights activist and educator best known for being one of the first people to racially integrate public schools in Charleston, South Carolina in 1963. She also founded the "Somebody Had to Do It" project.

College of Charleston
The College of Charleston (CofC or Charleston) is a public university in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, it is the oldest university in South Carolina, the 13th-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, and the country's oldest municipal college.

The founders of the College of Charleston included six Founding Fathers of the United States, including three who signed the Declaration of Independence: Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge; and three who signed the Constitution of the United States: Charles Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Rutledge.
Smirnoff (surname)
Smirnoff is a Germanization of the Russian-language surname Smirnov. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandra Smirnoff (1838–1913), Finnish scientist, pomologist and writer

Alexis Smirnoff, Canadian professional wrestler

Boris Smirnoff (1903–2007), Franco-Russian cubist, avantgardist and analytical art painter

Karin Smirnoff (1880–1973), Finnish-Swedish writer

Karin Smirnoff (writer) (born 1963), Swedish writer

Karina Smirnoff, Ukrainian-American dancer best known for Dancing with the Stars

Natalia Smirnoff, Argentine film director and screenwriter

Veronica Smirnoff, Russian-born British artist

Wladimir Smirnoff (1917–2000), Soviet-born entomologist who worked in French Morocco and Canada

Yakov Smirnoff, Ukrainian-American comedian

Karina Smirnoff
Karina Smirnoff (born Karina Smyrnova, January 2, 1978) is a professional ballroom dancer. She is known as a professional dancer on Dancing with the Stars, where she won the thirteenth season with army veteran and soap opera star J. R. Martinez.
She has also won two runner-up titles, a semifinal title, and several quarterfinal titles.

She is a five-time U.S. National Champion, World Trophy Champion, and Asian Open Champion.  She has won the title at the UK Open, is a three-time champion at the US Open, two-time champion at the Asian Open, five-time champion at the Dutch Open, and five-time US National Professional Champion.  She has taken second at the British Open Blackpool Dance Festival, and the first woman to reach the British Professional Final with three different partners, and surpassed her own distinction by being the only woman to have made the final with four different partners between 1999 - 2006.
Alfred Poulin
Alfred A. Poulin, Jr. or A. Poulin (1938–1996) was an American poet, translator, and editor noted for his translation of Rainer Maria Rilke's Duino Elegies and the Sonnets to Orpheus. Poulin studied at St. Francis College in Maine, Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, and at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop.  He later taught as a professor at the State University of New York at Brockport. His translation work focused on translating poetry from French and German into English.

SUNY Brockport
State University of New York at Brockport (also known as SUNY Brockport or Brockport State, and previously The College at Brockport) is a public university in Brockport, New York, United States. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY).
Lucky Sherpa
Lucky Sherpa is a politician and social activist from Nepal and former Nepal ambassador to Australia and New Zealand. She was the first indigenous woman and the first representative from the Himalayan communities to be appointed as an ambassador by the Nepal government.

Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University (TU; Nepali: त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय) is a public university located in Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest and the largest university in Nepal. It offers 1,000 undergraduate and 500 postgraduate programs across a wide range of disciplines. Additionally, the institution has 62 constituent campuses and over 1,080 affiliated colleges across the country.
Granov volost
The Granov volost (Ukrainian: Гранівська волость; Russian: Грановская волость) was a historical administrative-territorial unit of the Gaisyn district of the Podolian governorate, with its center in the town of Graniv. The subdivision was abolished as part of territorial reforms in the Soviet Union and was succeeded by the Granovsky Raion.

Podolia Governorate
Podolia Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It bordered Volhynian Governorate to the north, Kiev Governorate to the east, Kherson Governorate to the southeast, Bessarabia Governorate to the south, and Austria to the west. Its administrative centre was Kamenets-Podolsky (Kamianets-Podilskyi), which later moved to Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia). The governorate covered part of Ukraine's Khmelnytskyi Oblast and most of Vinnytsia Oblast, along with the fractionally recognised state of Transnistria.
Acanthothecis verrucosa
Acanthothecis verrucosa is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in southern Vietnam, where it grows on smooth-barked trees in tropical forests. The lichen is characterized by its olive-green, verrucose thallus and the presence of psoromic acid. This species can easily be confused with similar lichens, but it can be distinguished by its specific morphological and chemical features.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Manitoba Provincial Road 243
Provincial Road 243 (PR 243) is an east-west provincial road in the Pembina Valley Region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from PTH 75 near Emerson to PTH 32 near Friedensfeld West. Along the route, it passes north of Gretna using a small concurrence with PTH 30.

PR 243 is one of the southernmost east-west highways in the province, and travels in very close proximity to the Canada - US border. During the entire route, the highway travels no more than 6 kilometres (4 mi) from the international boundary. Together with portions of PTH 3 and PTH 32, PR 243 forms the Boundary Commission Trail heading west from Emerson to the Saskatchewan border.

PR 243 is paved between Gretna and its western terminus. The road is gravel between Gretna and Emerson.

Pembina Valley Region
The Pembina Valley /ˈpɛmbɪnə/ (French: Vallée-de-la-Pembina) is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is named for its major geographical feature, the Pembina Valley, which runs through the southwestern part of the region.

The Pembina Valley had a population of 67,028 as of the Canada 2021 Census (Manitoba Census Areas 3 and 4). Its major service centres are the city of Winkler and the city of  Morden. Other important towns include Altona and Carman.

The major industries of the Pembina Valley are agriculture and manufacturing.

The region is also home to Pembina Valley Provincial Park.
Remsen Brinckerhoff Ogilby
Remsen Brinckerhoff Ogilby (1881–1943) was an Episcopal priest and teacher, and the president of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut from 1920 to his death in 1943.

He was born April 8, 1881, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He graduated from Harvard in 1902.

As president, he was involved in Trinity's expansion, and in the construction of the Trinity College Chapel.

Ogilby organized a meeting of carillonneurs in 1934 that eventually would culminate in the founding of The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America.

He married Lois M. Cunningham in 1919.

He died in Weekapaug, Rhode Island, while trying to save his servant from drowning.

Trinity College (Connecticut)
Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Founded as Washington College in 1823, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut. Coeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,235 students.  Trinity offers 41 majors and 28 interdisciplinary minors. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).
Cianjhen District
22°36′02″N 120°18′53″E﻿ / ﻿22.60062°N 120.314785°E﻿ / 22.60062; 120.314785

Cianjhen District (Chinese: 前鎭區; Hanyu Pinyin: qiánzhèn qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Ciánjhèn Cyu; Wade–Giles: Ch'ien2-chên4 Ch'ü1) is a district in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. It covers an area of 19.1207 km2 (7.3825 sq mi) and is subdivided into 59 villages. The district has a population is 180,097, as of October 2023. It is the fifth-most populated district in Kaohsiung, with a population density of 9,457 people per square kilometer, or 24,494 people per square mile.

Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, while a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, but its use was optional.

From 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education began promoting Hanyu Pinyin. Local governments were not able to get financial aid from the central government if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. However, Tongyong Pinyin has continued in use for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations and streets in Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yunlin County and other places are derived from Tongyong Pinyin –  for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).
Chris Pavlou (banker)
Chris Pavlou (born May 30, 1945) is an International banker and a business executive. He was  the Vice-Chairman of Cyprus Popular Bank. He was in this position since September 17, 2012.
On 28 March 2013 he resigned as Vice Chairman of Laiki Bank (Cyprus Popular Bank) but in April 2015 until December 2016 was appointed by the Central Bank of Cyprus in its capacity as resolution authority as Special Administrator of the legacy entity of Laiki Bank.

Central Bank of Cyprus
The Central Bank of Cyprus (Greek: Kεντρική Τράπεζα της Κύπρου Turkish: Kıbrıs Merkez Bankası) is the national central bank for the Republic of Cyprus within the Eurosystem. It was the Cypriot central bank from 1963 to 2007, issuing the Cypriot pound.

In addition to its monetary role, the CBC is also a financial supervisory authority. In that capacity, it increasingly implements policies set at the European Union level. It is the national competent authority for Cyprus within European Banking Supervision. It is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Banking Authority (EBA). It is the designated Cypriot National Resolution Authority and plenary session member of the Single Resolution Board (SRB). It provides the permanent single common representative for Cyprus in the Supervisory composition of the General Board of the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
Rosa Elena Cornejo Pazmiño
Rosa Elena Cornejo Pazmiño (11 December 1874 – 24 October 1964), also known by her religious name María Francisca of the Wounds, was an Ecuadorian religious sister in the Roman Catholic Church. She founded the Hermanas Franciscanas Misioneras de la Inmaculada (Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate).

Pope Benedict XVI recognized her life of heroic virtue and conferred upon her the title of Venerable on 20 December 2012. A miracle attributed to her and needed for her beatification is now under investigation.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Schibe (mountain, Glarus)
The Schibe is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of Linthal in the canton of Glarus. It lies north of the Bifertenstock, on the range separating the Sand valley from the Limmeren valley that also includes the Selbsanft.

The mountain is composed of two summits: the Hinderi Schibe at an elevation of 3,083 m (10,115 ft) and the Vorderi Schibe at an elevation of 2,987 m (9,800 ft). The mountain lies within the municipality of Glarus Süd. In a broader sense, they are part of the Selbsanft massif.

Canton of Glarus
The canton of Glarus (German: Kanton Glarus [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Glaruna; French: Canton de Glaris; Italian: Canton Glarona) is a canton in east-central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.
The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.
The majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between Protestants and Catholics.
Matak Airport
Matak Airport is located on the island of Matak in the Anambas Islands on Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. It serves charter flights from and to Jakarta–Halim for MedcoEnergi, as well as commercial flights to and from Tanjung Pinang and Batam.

MedcoEnergi
PT Medco Energi Internasional Tbk or MedcoEnergi is an Indonesian oil and gas company. The company operates in Trading and Holding & Related Operations, Exploration for and Production of Oil & Gas, Power, Services, Chemicals and Rental of properties.
Electrodeless plasma excitation
Electrodeless plasma excitation methods include helicon plasma sources, inductively coupled plasmas, and surface-wave-sustained discharges.

Electrodeless high-frequency discharges (HF) have two important advantages over plasmas using electrodes, like capacitively coupled plasmas that are of great interest for contemporary plasma research and applications:

Firstly, no sputtering of the electrodes occurs.  However, depending on ion energy, sputtering of the reactor walls or the substrate may still occur.  Under conditions typical for plasma modification purposes, the ion energy in electrodeless HF discharges is about an order of magnitude lower than in RF discharges.  This way, the contamination of the gas phase and damage of the substrate surface can be reduced.

Secondly, the surface-wave effect allows to generate spatially extended plasmas with electron densities that exceed the critical density.

Surface-wave-sustained discharge
A surface-wave-sustained discharge is a plasma that is excited by propagation of electromagnetic surface waves. Surface wave plasma sources can be divided into two groups depending upon whether the plasma generates part of its own waveguide by ionisation or not. The former is called a self-guided plasma.  The surface wave mode allows the generation of uniform high-frequency-excited plasmas in volumes whose lateral dimensions extend over several wavelengths of the electromagnetic wave, e.g. for microwaves of  2.45 GHz in vacuum the wavelength amounts to 12.2 cm.
Oskar Schiele
Oskar Schiele (April 14, 1889 – July 1, 1950) was a German freestyle and backstroke swimmer who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Halberstadt and died in Magdeburg.

In 1906, he won a silver medal as a member of the German 4x250 m relay team. He also finished seventh in the one mile freestyle competition. Six years later, at the 1912 Olympics, he was eliminated in the first round of the 400 metre freestyle event as well as of the 100 metre backstroke competition. He was also a member of the German relay team, which finished fourth in the 4x200 metre freestyle relay event.

Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
The men's 400 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1904. The competition was held from Thursday July 11, 1912 to Sunday July 14, 1912.

Twenty-six swimmers from 13 nations competed.
Wiesbaden-Schierstein station
Wiesbaden-Schierstein station is a railway station in the borough of Schierstein in the Hessian state capital of Wiesbaden  on the East Rhine Railway from Wiesbaden to Cologne. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station. The station was opened in 1856.

East Rhine Railway
The East Rhine Railway (German: Rechte Rheinstrecke, literally 'right (of the) Rhine railway') is a major, double-track, electrified railway line, running along the right bank of the Rhine from Cologne to Wiesbaden. The 179-kilometer (111.2 mi)-long line forms two Deutsche Bahn routes. Route 465 extends from Cologne to Koblenz, via Troisdorf, Bonn-Beuel, Unkel, and Neuwied. From Koblenz, Route 466 extends to Wiesbaden, via Rüdesheim am Rhein. Together with the Taunus railway (Route 645.1), the line is used by Stadt-Express line SE-10 of the Rhine-Main Transport Association, which runs from Frankfurt to Koblenz and Neuwied.

With the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway and the Sieg Railway, the East Rhine Railway forms a six-track line  between Cologne-Porz and Troisdorf.  It includes two tunnels between Rüdesheim and Niederlahnstein, including the well-known Loreley Tunnel near Sankt Goarshausen.