hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Brady (journalist)
Jim Brady is an American journalist and entrepreneur. He has worked at The Washington Post, AOL, and ESPN, among other newsrooms, and led digital journalism initiatives at Allbritton Communications, Digital First Media, and Spirited Media. In 2021, he became the vice president for journalism at the Knight Foundation where he has since overseen large investments in diverse and local bodies of journalism throughout the United States.

A graduate of American University, Brady received the Alumni Achievement Award in 2010. In 2017, Brady received the Rich Jaroslovsky Founder Award for his work and innovation in the field of digital media.

MediaNews Group
MNG Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Digital First Media and MediaNews Group, is a Denver, Colorado, United States–based newspaper publisher owned by Alden Global Capital. As of May 2021, it owns over 100 newspapers and 200 assorted other publications.
PCDATA
Parsed Character Data (PCDATA) is a data definition that originated in Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and is used also in Extensible Markup Language (XML) Document Type Definition (DTD) to designate mixed content XML elements.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Uraina Clark
Uraina Simone Clark is an American neuroscientist and Director of the Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging Laboratory at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Her research makes use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to understand how stressors impact brain and behaviour. She has studied the impact of discrimination on brain function, and shown that social discrimination results in an increase in amygdala function.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Pitirim Sorokin
Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (/səˈroʊkɪn, sɔː-/; Russian: Питирим Александрович Сорокин; 4 February [O.S. 23 January] 1889 – 10 February 1968) was a Russian American sociologist and political activist, who contributed to the social cycle theory.

Sorokin was a professor at Saint Petersburg Imperial University, three times imprisoned by the Czarist regime for "revolutionary activity." His active opposition to the Bolsheviks led, after they were in power, to his arrest and sentence to death. Only with the help and intervention of friends, including Thomas Masaryk and Edouard Beneš, was his sentence commuted to permanent exile, which led Sorokin to flee to Czechoslovakia.

Moving to the United States, he became a professor of sociology at the University of Minnesota in 1924, and, in 1930, he was hired as head of the newly formed department of sociology at Harvard University.

World constitution
A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance. It seeks to provide a set of principles, structures, and laws to govern the relationships between states and address global issues. The concept of a world constitution reflects the aspiration for greater international cooperation, peace, and the resolution of global challenges.
Madurai Meenakshi (film)
Madurai Meenakshi is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language film directed by P. Amirtham and written by M. Karunanidhi from a story by P. Harirajan. The film stars Selva and Ranjitha, with Sujatha, Captain Raju, Pradeep Shakthi, Vijayakumar, Nassar, and Sabitha Anand playing supporting roles. It was released on 24 February 1993.

Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)
Panchaksharam Rangasamy Pillai (born 29 August 1943), known professionally as Vijayakumar, is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He started his film career in the Tamil film Sri Valli (1961) as a child actor and started playing a lead role from the movie Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974) then he worked in Madhura Geetham (1977) and Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren (1979). He has also acted in Telugu and Malayalam movies. He also worked in television serials like Thangam, Vamsam,  Talambralu, Nandini and Rasaathi. His son is actor Arun Vijay.
Madison Academy
Madison Academy can refer to several things:

Madison Academy (Alabama), a private co-educational school in Madison, Alabama, USA, affiliated with the churches of Christ.

Madison Academy (Michigan) a charter school.

Madison Academy (Tennessee), a private co-educational school in Madison, Tennessee, USA, affiliated with the Seventh-Day Adventist Church

Madison Academy (Alabama)
Madison Academy is a private, co-educational school located in Huntsville, Alabama, United States. The school is near the city of Madison, Alabama, but is actually in the city of Huntsville.  It got its name from Madison County and was originally located on Max Luther Drive near Meridian Street in Huntsville. It serves students in preschool through 12th grade. (Preschool - 1st are in "Little MA", while 2nd - 12th attend school in the main MA building.) The school is affiliated with and endorsed by many area churches of Christ. It competes in athletics in the Alabama High School Athletic Association as the  “Madison Academy Mustangs".

Madison Academy has a current enrollment of 846 students.
Camote cue
Camote cue or camotecue is a popular snack food in the Philippines made from camote (sweet potato).

Slices of camote are coated with brown sugar and then fried, to cook the potatoes and to caramelize the sugar. It is one of the most common street foods in the Philippines, along with bananacue and turon.

The term is a portmanteau of "camote" and "barbecue"; the latter in Philippine English refers to meat cooked in a style similar to kebabs.

Though served skewered on bamboo sticks, it is not cooked on the stick. The skewer is purely for easier handling as it is usually sold as street food.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
Harry Mills (politician)
Henry Mills (October 11, 1873 – December 20, 1959), better known as Harry Mills, was a locomotive engineer before being elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as the Labour candidate for the riding of Fort William in the October 1919 election. He was appointed to the cabinet as its first Minister of Mines and served until his defeat in the general election of June 1923.

Ministry of Northern Economic Development and Growth
The Ministry of Northern Economic Development and Growth is a ministry responsible for social and economic development in Northern Ontario.

In 2021, then Canadian Premier Doug Ford separated the Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines into the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, by merging the  ministry (excluding Energy, which was made into its own portfolio) with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

The Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources, and Forestry (MNDMNRF) in Ontario was reorganized into separate ministries on June 6, 2024. This reorganization resulted in the creation of the Ministry of Mines, the Ministry of Northern Development, and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

In 2025, current Premier Doug Ford again reorganized by merging the Ministry of Mines with the Ministry of Energy, forming the new Ministry of Energy and Mines.
Five-number summary
The five-number summary is a set of descriptive statistics that provides information about a dataset. It consists of the five most important sample percentiles:

the sample minimum (smallest observation)

the lower quartile or first quartile

the median (the middle value)

the upper quartile or third quartile

the sample maximum (largest observation)

In addition to the median of a single set of data there are two related statistics called the upper and lower quartiles. If data are placed in order, then the lower quartile is central to the lower half of the data and the upper quartile is central to the upper half of the data. These quartiles are used to calculate the interquartile range, which helps to describe the spread of the data, and determine whether or not any data points are outliers.

In order for these statistics to exist, the observations must be from a univariate variable that can be measured on an ordinal, interval or ratio scale.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Tokyo subway
Two major subway systems (Japanese: 地下鉄, Hepburn: chikatetsu) operate in Tokyo: the Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway. Most of the network is located in the 23 special wards, with portions extending into Chiba and Saitama Prefectures. The subways are one part of Greater Tokyo's passenger rail network, with through service further connecting the subway to suburban railways in Western Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.

Tokyo Underground Railway
The Tokyo Underground Railway (Japanese: 東京地下鉄道) was a railway operator that once operated underground railways, trams and buses in Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan from 1920 to 1941.

Founded in August 1920 by Tokuji Hayakawa, known as the "father of the subway", the company began construction of what is now the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line between Asakusa and Shimbashi in 1925. It was the first company to build a subway line in Japan and in Asia. Together with the Tokyo Rapid Railway, which constructed the Ginza Line section between Shimbashi and Shibuya, it is considered a precursor to the present-day Tokyo Metro.

In 1941, following the outbreak of World War II, it was merged with the Tokyo Rapid Railway into semi-public Teito Rapid Transit Authority under the Land Transportation Business Adjustment Law.
Penwithick and Boscoppa (electoral division)
Penwithick and Boscoppa (Cornish: Pennwydhek ha Boskoppa) is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. The current Councillor is Jamie Hanlon, a member of Reform UK.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series
The Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Asia. Initially contested as a single tournament, the championship was expanded into a two-tournament series in 2014. The competition is sanctioned and sponsored by Asia Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region.

The first official regional 7s championship for international women's teams from Asia was held in Hong Kong, played as part of the 2000 Hong Kong Sevens tournament. In 2003, ten international teams competed in a separate tournament for the Asia Champions Cup, with six teams progressing to the Hong Kong Women's Sevens. Since then, the regional 7s championships have periodically served as pre-qualifying competitions for the Rugby 7s World Cup, or other sevens tournaments.

Asia Rugby
Asia Rugby, formerly the Asian Rugby Football Union, is the governing body of rugby union in Asia under the authority of World Rugby. Founded in 1968 by eight charter nations, the Union today has 36 member unions in countries across Asia, stretching from Kazakhstan to Guam.

The aim of Asia Rugby is "to raise physical and moral standards in Asia by education in the healthy pursuit of Rugby Football and to promote friendship among Asian countries".
Siege of Tottori
The siege of Tottori Castle occurred in 1581 and was part of Oda Nobunaga's campaign to consolidate his power in western Honshu in an effort to unite Japan during the late 16th century. The siege was fought between Hashiba Hideyoshi, an Oda clan general, against a garrison under an ally of the Mōri clan.

It is a case in which starvation tactics were successfully used in a Sengoku Period siege. The siege lasted up to 200 days, when Kikkawa Tsuneie committed suicide to save his men from cannibalism.

Oda clan
The Oda clan (Japanese: 織田氏, Hepburn: Oda-shi) is a Japanese samurai family who were daimyo and an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century. Though they reached the peak of their power under Oda Nobunaga and fell soon after, several branches of the family continued as daimyo houses until the Meiji Restoration. After the Meiji Restoration, all four heads of the houses of the clan were appointed viscounts in the new system of hereditary peerage.
Cambeva stawiarski
Cambeva stawiarski is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Trichomycteridae, the pencil and parasitic catfishes. This catfish is endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the upper Iguaçu river basin. This species reaches a maximum length of 8.66 centimetres (3.41 in).

Iguazu River
The Iguazu River or Rio Iguassu (/ɪɡwɑːˈsuː/; Portuguese: Rio Iguaçu [ˈʁi.u iɡwaˈsu]; Spanish: Río Iguazú [ˈri.o iɣwaˈsu]; from Guarani  y guasú 'big water'), is a river in Brazil and Argentina. It is an important tributary of the Paraná River. The Iguazu River is 1,320 kilometres (820 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 62,000 km2 (24,000 mi2).
Vanessa Estelle Williams
Vanessa Estelle Williams (born May 12, 1963) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for her roles as Maxine Joseph–Chadway in the Showtime drama series, Soul Food (2000–2004), for which she received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and as Nino Brown's feisty gun moll, Keisha in the 1991 crime drama film, New Jack City. Williams is also known for her role as Anne-Marie McCoy in the first and fourth of the Candyman films, and as Rhonda Blair in the first season of the Fox prime time soap opera, Melrose Place (1992–93).

Gun moll
A gun moll is early 1900s slang for the female companion, girlfriend or mistress of a male professional criminal or mob leader. Some gun molls were themselves gangsters and they were accomplices in criminal activities.
ANF Les Mureaux 113
The ANF Les Mureaux 110 and its derivatives were a family of all-metal military reconnaissance aircraft developed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer ANF Les Mureaux.

It was designed in response to a requirement issued by the French air ministry. Introduced to service during the 1930s, in excess of two hundred aircraft were procured for the French Air Force to equip not just its frontline units but also to replace aircraft such as the Potez 25s from reserve units. Multiple variants were operated by the service, perhaps most noteworthy was the conversion of 40 aircraft to serve as dedicated night fighters. The family was in widespread usage at the start of the Second World War, and thus saw intense combat during the Battle of France. All remaining aircraft were scrapped in the aftermath of the armistice with Germany.

Hispano-Suiza 12N
The Hispano-Suiza 12N was one of two new V-12 engine designs first run in 1928 and was manufactured by Hispano-Suiza's French subsidiary for the Armée de l’Air. It produced about 485 kW (650 hp), was the first to use gas nitride hardening and introduced wet cylinder liners into Hispano-Suiza's aircraft engine range. It powered the first non-stop flight from Europe to the United States.
Fontenai-sur-Orne
Fontenai-sur-Orne (French pronunciation: [fɔ̃tnɛ syʁ ɔʁn], literally Fontenai on Orne) is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Écouché-les-Vallées.

Orne (Normandy)
The Orne (French: [ɔʁn] ⓘ) is a river in Normandy, within northwestern France. It is 170 km (110 mi) long. It discharges into the English Channel at the port of Ouistreham. Its source is in Aunou-sur-Orne, east of Sées. Its main tributaries are the Odon and the Rouvre.
2002 Wellington Sevens
The 2002 Wellington Sevens, also known as the 2002 New Zealand Sevens, was an international rugby sevens tournament that was held in Wellington, New Zealand as the fifth leg of the 2001–02 World Sevens Series. The tournament took place at the Westpac Stadium on 8–9 February 2002.

The tournament was won by South Africa, who defeated Samoa 17–14 in the cup final. Argentina defeated Wales 55–12 in the plate final. France defeated Canada 26–5 in the bowl final. Cook Islands defeated Papua New Guinea 38–14 in the shield final.

Samoa national rugby sevens team
The Samoa national rugby sevens team, referred to as Samoa Sevens or Manu Samoa 7s, competes in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series. Representing the polynesian country of Samoa, with a population of about 202,000, the team competes against some of the wealthiest countries in the world. The Samoa sevens team is overseen by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, which oversees all of rugby union in Samoa.

Samoa won the 2009–10 World Series by winning four tournaments – the Hong Kong Sevens, the USA Sevens, the Adelaide Sevens, and the Edinburgh Sevens. Samoa has played at all Rugby World Cup Sevens finals tournaments since the championship began in 1993; its best finish was third place in 1997 and again in 2007.

Samoa has won four Oceania Sevens titles since the first competition in 2008. They have also won all four gold medals at the Pacific Games Sevens and Pacific Mini Games Sevens between 2007 and 2013, defeating Fiji in the final on each occasion.
Stippled studfish
The stippled studfish (Fundulus bifax) is a small freshwater fish which is endemic to the Tallapoosa River system in Georgia and Alabama, USA; and Sofkahatchee Creek (lower Coosa River system) in Alabama.  It belongs to the genus Fundulus in the killifish and topminnow family, Fundulidae.   It has been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as "near threatened" and has not been recorded in Georgia since 1990.

Tallapoosa River
The Tallapoosa River runs 265 miles (426 km) from the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains in Georgia, United States, southward and westward into the Appalachian foothills in Alabama. It is formed by the confluence of McClendon Creek and Mud Creek in Paulding County, Georgia. Lake Martin at Dadeville, Alabama is a large and popular water recreation area formed by a dam on the river. The Tallapoosa joins the Coosa River about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Montgomery near Wetumpka (in Elmore County) to form the Alabama River.

There are four hydroelectric dams on the Tallapoosa: Yates, Thurlow, Martin and Harris dams. They are important sources of electricity generation for Alabama Power (a unit of the Southern Company) and recreation for the public.
Bobby and the Midnites (album)
Bobby and the Midnites is a 1981 studio album by Grateful Dead singer and guitarist Bob Weir and his then side project, Bobby and the Midnites. The band featured fellow Grateful Dead member Brent Mydland at that time, and also jazz fusion drummer Billy Cobham. Though not a huge commercial success, the album did chart in the Billboard 200 and reached #158 in December 1981.  The song "Festival" became a live concert favorite for the band.  "(I Want to) Fly Away" was reissued on the 2004 compilation album Weir Here – The Best of Bob Weir.

Weir Here – The Best of Bob Weir
Weir Here – The Best of Bob Weir is a 2004 live/studio compilation album featuring former Grateful Dead rhythm guitarist and co-vocalist Bob Weir. A career retrospective, it features tracks from many of Weir's bands, solo and duo projects, as well as those from his main gig with the Dead.
De Situ Albanie
De Situ Albanie (or dSA for short) is the name given to the first of seven Scottish documents found in the so-called Poppleton Manuscript, now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris. It was probably written sometime between 1202 and 1214, in the reign of the William the Lion, by a French-speaking resident of Scotland (north of the Forth), as an introduction to the compilation.

The title is taken from the opening words of the piece, which reads:

"De Situ Albanie que in se figuram hominis habet quomodo fuit primitus is septem regionibus diuisa quibusque nominibus antiquitus sit uocata et a quibus inhabitata"

William the Lion
William the Lion (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam an Leòmhann), sometimes styled William I (Uilleam MacEanraig; Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric) and also known by the nickname Garbh, 'the Rough' (c. 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.