hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Badia di Passignano
The Badia a Passignano, also called the Abbey of San Michele Arcangelo a Passignano, is a historic Benedictine abbey located atop a scenic hilltop, surrounded by cypresses, east of the town of Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, Province of Florence, Italy. The abbey complex is located about 2 kilometres east of the Siena-Florence autostrada. The settlement is also a frazione of Barberino Tavarnelle.

Province of Florence
The province of Florence (Italian: provincia di Firenze) was a province in the northeast of Tuscany region of Italy.  The city or comune of Florence was both the capital of the province of Florence, and of the Region of Tuscany. It had an area of 3,514 square kilometres (1,357 sq mi) and a population of 1,012,180 as of 31 December 2014. The territory of the province was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance.

In 2015 the province was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Florence.
Haplochromis cavifrons
Haplochromis cavifrons is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is a benthopelagic fish, and is generally found a few hundred metres beyond the shore over hard substrate.  This species grows to a length of 19.5 centimetres (7.7 in) SL.

Demersal zone
The demersal zone (from Latin demergere, "to sink") is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone.

Being just above the ocean floor, the demersal zone is variable in depth and can be part of the photic zone where light can penetrate, and photosynthetic organisms grow, or the aphotic zone, which begins between depths of roughly 200 and 1,000 m (700 and 3,300 ft) and extends to the ocean depths, where no light penetrates.
Robert Andrew Baxter
Robert Andrew Baxter (October 16, 1879 – 1947) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario. He represented Oxford South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1929 to 1934 as a Liberal.

He was born in Brownsville, the son of John Baxter and Sarah Bigham, and was educated in Brownsville and Tillsonburg. In 1916, he married Frances H Overbaugh (née Louch). Baxter served as reeve for Durham township and as warden for Oxford County. He died in 1947.

South-West Oxford
South-West Oxford is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within Oxford County. The township had a population of 7,664 in the 2016 Canadian census. A predominantly rural municipality, South-West Oxford was formed in 1975 through the amalgamation of Dereham and West Oxford townships and the village of Beachville.
Ukraine Olympic football team
The Ukraine Olympic football team (Ukrainian: Олімпійська збірна України з футболу, also known as Ukraine Under-23) represents Ukraine in international football competitions in Olympic Games. The team is one of the Ukrainian junior football teams and only is called when Ukraine qualifies for Summer Olympics.

Ukraine made its football debut at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, headed by Ruslan Rotan.

Viktor Zvyahintsev
Viktor Oleksandrovych Zvyahintsev (Ukrainian: Віктор Олександрович Звягінцев, Russian: Виктор Александрович Звягинцев, romanized: Viktor Aleksandrovich Zvyagintsev; 22 October 1950 – 22 April 2022) was a Ukrainian footballer who played as a defender. He was a member of the football congress of the unrecognised Donetsk People's Republic.
Gerard Murphy (mathematician)
Gerard J. Murphy (November 1948 – 12 October 2006) MRIA was a prolific Irish mathematician.  His textbooks are internationally acclaimed, and translated into different languages. He died from cancer in October 2006, at the age of 57.

Atiyah–Singer index theorem
In differential geometry, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, proved by Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer (1963), states that for an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold, the analytical index (related to the dimension of the space of solutions) is equal to the topological index (defined in terms of some topological data).  It includes many other theorems, such as the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem and Riemann–Roch theorem, as special cases, and has applications to theoretical physics.
Hoyerswerdaer FC
Hoyerswerdaer FC is an association football club from Hoyerswerda, Saxony, Germany.

The club was founded on 15 January 1956 in East Germany. Under the name BSG Aktivist Schwarze Pumpe, it reached as high as the DDR-Liga, the second tier in East Germany, where it played in the ultimate (1990–91) season of the DDR-Liga.

Following the reunification of Germany, the club changed its name to FSV Hoyerswerda and later FC Lausitz Hoyerswerda. The club colours were yellow and black. It incorporated the club Hoyerswerdaer SV 1919 in 2016, changing its name to Hoyerswerdaer FC.

DDR-Liga
The DDR-Liga (English: GDR League or East German League) was, prior to German reunification in 1990, the second level of football competition in the DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik or German Democratic Republic, commonly East Germany), being roughly equivalent to the 2. Bundesliga in West Germany.
Love the Music, Hate the Kids
Love the Music, Hate the Kids is American hardcore punk band Ensign's fourth full-length album. It is an album of cover versions of seminal hardcore punk songs from the early-1980s to mid-1990s. It was recorded in seven days and released in October 2003. It was the band's first album for Blackout Records after switching from Nitro Records after the release of The Price of Progression in 2001.

Milo Goes to College
Milo Goes to College is the debut studio album by the American punk rock band Descendents, released on September 4, 1982, through New Alliance Records. Its title refers to singer Milo Aukerman's decision to leave the band to attend college, and its cover illustration introduced a caricature of him that would go on to become the band's mascot.

The album's mix of fast and aggressive hardcore punk with melody and semi-ironic love songs led to it being considered one of the most significant albums of the early 1980s southern California hardcore movement. In the decades since its release, it has received highly positive reviews and is now considered among the most noteworthy and important punk albums by several publications. Milo Goes to College has been cited as influential and a favorite by several notable artists and musicians. It is considered by many to be a foundational record for the pop-punk genre.
1953 Italian Grand Prix
The 1953 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 13 September 1953 at Monza. It was the ninth and final race in the 1953 World Championship of Drivers, which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953, rather than the Formula One regulations normally used. This made it the last World Championship race to run under the Formula Two regulations. The 80-lap race was won by Maserati driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. Nino Farina finished second for the Ferrari team and his teammate Luigi Villoresi came in third.

Maserati in motorsport
Throughout its history, the Italian auto manufacturer Maserati has participated in various forms of motorsport including Formula One, sportscar racing and touring car racing, both as a works team and through private entrants. Maserati currently competes in Formula E in partnership with the Monaco Sports Group (MSG) as Maserati MSG Racing.
Sparrow (2008 film)
Sparrow (Chinese: 文雀; pinyin: Wen que; Cantonese Yale: Man4 jeuk3) is a 2008 Hong Kong caper film produced and directed by Johnnie To.  The film stars veteran Milkyway Image cast and crew alumni Simon Yam, Gordon Lam, Law Wing-cheung and Kenneth Cheung as a small gang of pickpockets, with each member being mysteriously approached by a beautiful Taiwanese woman (Kelly Lin) with a hidden agenda.

Sparrow remained in pre-production for three years from 2005 to 2008, with To shooting the film in between other projects.  The film was selected in competition at the 58th Berlin International Film Festival, premiering during the festival in February 2008. It was released in Hong Kong on 19 June 2008.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
2017 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup
The 2017 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup was the inaugural edition of the African 3x3 basketball event which was held between 3 and 5 November 017 in Lomé, Togo. This tournament was held at the covered outdoor venue of the Stade Omnisport Eyadema de Lomé.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Carlos Enrique Díaz Sáenz Valiente
Carlos Enrique Díaz Sáenz Valiente (25 January 1917 – 14 February 1956) was an Argentine sport shooter and racing driver . He was born in Mar del Plata, Argentina. He won the silver medal in 25 metre rapid fire pistol at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, where he placed fourth. Valiente also won the World Championship in 1947. He won the 1955 Buenos Aires 1000 km sport cars race (co drove José María Ibañez) driving a Ferrari 375 plus. He was killed in a crash involving an airplane he was piloting in 1956.

ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol
25 meter rapid fire pistol is one of the ISSF shooting events and is shot with .22 LR pistols. The event has been a part of the Olympic program ever since the beginning in 1896, although its rules changed greatly before World War II, after which they were only slightly changed until the two major revisions of 1989 and 2005. The latter restricted the event to sport pistols, thereby banning .22 Short cartridge (last used in 2004 and replaced by .22 Long Rifle in 2005) as well as encircling grips and low trigger-pull weight. This caused a decline in results, as evidenced by a comparison of the world records under the pre-2005 rules (597) and post-2005 rules (593).

Instead of dropping specialized rapid fire pistols, manufacturers designed new pistols, such as the Walther SSP, conforming to the standard pistol requirements, but optimized for the rapid fire event.
Wayne Hall (rugby union)
Wayne Hopkin Hall (born 29 January 1958) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Hall was raised in town of Pencoed and attended Pencoed Comprehensive School.

The first Pencoed RFC produced player to be capped for Wales, Hall made his debut against Western Samoa as a 30-year old in 1988, by which time he was a veteran hooker with Bridgend. This remained his only Wales cap.

Hall is the father of professional golfer Lydia Hall.

Bridgend Ravens
Bridgend Ravens (Welsh: Cigfrain Pen-y-bont) (formerly Bridgend RFC) are a semi-professional rugby union club based in Bridgend, South Wales.

They currently play in Super Rygbi Cymru and are a feeder club to the Ospreys regional team.
Karakoro, Mali
Karakoro is a commune in the Cercle of Kayes in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The commune contains seven villages: Teichibé, Souena Toucouleur, Souena Gandéga, Souena Soumaré, Boutinguisse, Kalinioro and Aïté. The main village (chef-lieu) is Teichibe. In 2009 the commune had a population of 14,813.

Kayes Cercle
Kayes Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Kayes Region of Mali.  Its seat is the city of Kayes, which is also the capital of its Region and its largest city.  The Cercle is further divided into  Communes. The city of Kayes is subdivided into Urban Communes and Wards (French: Quartiers).  Kayes Cercle's population in 2009 was 513,362.
Andy Sawford
Andrew Sawford (born 15 March 1976) is a British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Corby from 2012 to 2015. A member of the Labour and Co-operative parties, he was a Shadow Minister for Communities and Local Government from 2013 to 2015.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for housing, communities, and local government in England. It was established in May 2006 and is the successor to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, established in 2001. The department shares its headquarters building, at 2 Marsham Street in London, with the Home Office.

There are corresponding departments in the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive, responsible for communities and local government in their respective jurisdictions.
Sant Sebastià dels Gorgs
Sant Sebastià dels Gorgs is a cenobitic Benedictine monastery in the municipality of Avinyonet del Penedès, comarca of Alt Penedès, Catalonia, Spain.  In 2000, it was declared a Cultural Asset of National Interest.

Cenobitic monasticism
Cenobitic (or coenobitic) monasticism is a monastic tradition that stresses community life. Often in the West the community belongs to a religious order, and the life of the cenobitic monk is regulated by a religious rule, a collection of precepts. It is one of several forms of monasticism, distinguished from the eremitic life of a hermit, or the skete: 124–125  and lavritic forms developed in Eastern Christianity.

The English words cenobite and cenobitic are derived, via Latin, from the Greek words koinos (κοινός, lit. 'common'), and bios (βίος, lit. 'life').  The adjective can also be cenobiac (κοινοβιακός, koinoviakos) or cœnobitic (obsolete).  A group of monks living in community is often referred to as a cenobium (Latin, from Greek koinobion). Cenobitic monasticism appears in several religious traditions, though most commonly in Buddhism and Christianity.
Jeff Yoo
Jeff Yu, or Yu Ji-Young, (born October 30, 1978) is a former association football player.

Yu is the first American football (soccer) player to have played in the Korean K-League. He represented Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i in 2000 and Bucheon SK in 2001.

Yu had a brief spell with VfL Osnabrück in the German 2. Bundesliga.

Ulsan HD FC
Ulsan HD FC (Korean: 울산 HD FC), formerly Ulsan Hyundai FC, is a South Korean professional football club based in Ulsan that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. Founded in 1983 as Hyundai Horang-i, they joined the K League in 1984. Their home ground is Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium. The club is owned by HD Hyundai Heavy Industries.

Ulsan HD have won the league title five times, most recently in 2024, and the Korean FA Cup once, in 2017. At the international level, they have won the AFC Champions League twice, in 2012 and 2020, and are the only club to have won the tournament twice without defeat.
2016 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup – Doubles
Saketh Myneni and Divij Sharan were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marco Chiudinelli and Marius Copil won the title after defeating Sadio Doumbia and Calvin Hemery 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Sadio Doumbia
Sadio Doumbia (born 12 September 1990) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 23 achieved on 15 September 2025. Doumbia has won five ATP Tour titles with compatriot Fabien Reboul and 18 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, 17 of them with Reboul. He also has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 250 achieved on 7 November 2016.
Josef Isser
Josef "Pepi" Isser is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s.  He won two medals at the inaugural event at the FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955 with a silver in the men's doubles and a bronze in the men's singles events. His silver in the men's doubles was with his sister Maria marked the only time a woman ever won a medal in a men's event at a World Championships, Winter Olympics, or European Championships until the debut of a mixed team event at both the European and World Championships in the late 1980s.

Isser also won four medals at the European luge championships with two golds (Men's singles: 1956, Men's doubles: 1954), one silver (Men's doubles: 1951), and one bronze (Men's bronze: 1952).

In bobsleigh, Isser won three medals at the FIBT World Championships with one silver (Two-man: 1955) and two bronzes (Two-man: 1958, Four-man: 1962).

FIL European Luge Championships 1951
The FIL European Luge Championships 1951 took place in Igls, Austria under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in (in French)) under their "Section de Luge", a trend that would continue until the International Luge Federation (FIL) was formed in 1957. It marked the first time these championships would be held after the end of World War II in 1945. Host nation Austria made history by becoming the first nation to sweep the medals in all three events at these championships.
Qullpa Jawira (La Paz)
The Qullpa Jawira (Aymara qullpa saltpeter, jawira river, "saltpeter river", also spelled Collpajahuira, Kollpa Jahuira) is a river in the La Paz  Department in Bolivia. It is a right affluent of the Desaguadero River.

The river originates near 17°07′10″S 68°54′10″W﻿ / ﻿17.11944°S 68.90278°W﻿ / -17.11944; -68.90278 from various streams at a mountain named Taruj Llani south of Utani Apu in the Pacajes Province, Caquiaviri Municipality. It flows in a north-eastern direction. The confluence with the Desaguadero River is south of the community of Janq'u Phuch'u on the border of the Ingavi Province, San Andrés de Machaca Municipality, at 17°03′00″S 68°51′00″W﻿ / ﻿17.05000°S 68.85000°W﻿ / -17.05000; -68.85000.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Risk inclination formula
The risk inclination formula uses the principle of moments, or Varignon's theorem, to calculate the first factorial moment of probability in order to define this center point of balance among all confidence weights (i.e., the point of risk equilibration).

The formal derivation of the RIF is divided into three separate calculations: (1) calculation of 1st factorial moment, (2) calculation of inclination, and (3) calculation of the risk inclination score.

The RIF  is a component of the risk inclination model.

Factorial moment
In probability theory, the factorial moment is a mathematical quantity defined as the expectation or average of the falling factorial of a random variable. Factorial moments are  useful for studying non-negative integer-valued random variables, and arise in the use of probability-generating functions to derive the moments of discrete random variables.

Factorial moments serve as analytic tools in the mathematical field of combinatorics, which is the study of discrete mathematical structures.
Exile on Main St. (Supernatural)
"Exile on Main St." is the first episode of the sixth season of paranormal drama television series Supernatural and the 105th overall. The episode was written by new showrunner Sera Gamble and directed by executive producer Phil Sgriccia. It was first broadcast on September 24, 2010, on The CW in its new timeslot on Friday nights.

Supernatural season 6
The sixth season of Supernatural, an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered September 24, 2010, and concluded May 20, 2011, airing 22 episodes. This is the first season to have Sera Gamble as showrunner after the full-time departure of Kripke. The sixth season had an average viewership of 2.27 million U.S. viewers.

The season begins a year after the happenings of the previous season finale with Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) living a happy and normal life. Mysteriously, Sam Winchester (Jared Padalecki) is freed from Lucifer's cage in Hell and teams up with Dean, who leaves his new life behind and becomes a hunter again.

In the United States the season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm (ET) on The CW television network. Special guest stars in this season included Brian Doyle-Murray and Robert Englund.
Treaty of Zinna
The Zinna Coin Treaty of 1667 for the standardisation of coinage was signed at Zinna Abbey, approx. 50 km south of Berlin, between Electoral Brandenburg and Electoral Saxony. The treaty defines the 10½ thaler standard (10½-Taler-Fuß standard, Zinna Münzfuß).

The two states agreed to keep the 9-thaler standard of the Imperial Minting Ordinance of 1559/66 for the thaler, but to mint the Scheidemünzen more easily, namely to the 10½-taler standard.

When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg joined the treaty in 1668, it was also agreed that the 10½ thaler standard would also apply to the 2/3, 1/3 and 1/6 thaler coins apply.

Scheidemünze
Scheidemünzen (singular – Scheidemünze) were representative coins or token coins issued alongside Kurantgeld or currency money in Austria and Germany up to start of the First World War in August 1914 whose intrinsic metal value was less than the legal value stamped on them. Like Notgeld ("emergency money") they were a kind of credit money or fiat money. The term Scheidemünze ("division money") referred to the "division into hellers and pfennigs during the purchase process" ("Scheiden auf Heller und Pfennig beim Kaufvorgang"). It thus applied to the low- to medium-value coins and is often translated as small change coin, small-coin change or just small coin. Since 1915, all coins minted in Germany, including the current euro coins have been Scheidemünzen or fiat money as opposed to currency or commodity money whose nominal value is fully covered by its intrinsic value.
Denis Fogarty
Denis Fogarty (born 16 July 1983) is a former Irish rugby union player who played at hooker for Munster, Aurillac, Agen and Provence. He has also represented Ireland at schoolboy, U21 and 'A' level. He was educated at Rockwell College. In May 2016, Fogarty was forced to retire from rugby after suffering a recurrence of a shoulder injury.

Pro D2
The Pro D2 is the second tier of rugby union club competition division in France. It is operated by Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR) which also runs the division directly above, the first division Top 14. Pro D2 was introduced in 2000. It is the world's best-supported second-tier rugby union league.