hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Starye Atagi
43°07′N 45°44′E﻿ / ﻿43.117°N 45.733°E﻿ / 43.117; 45.733

Starye Atagi (Russian: Ста́рые Атаги́; Chechen: Йоккха Атагӏа, Сехьа Атагӏа, Yokqa Ataġa, Seẋa Ataġa) is a rural locality (a selo) in Groznensky District of the Chechen Republic, Russia, located 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) south of Grozny, the republic's capital. Population: 10,884 (2010 Census); 10,161 (2002 Census).

Starye Atagi is separated from Novye Atagi by the Argun River.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Sasol
Sasol Limited, commonly referred to as Sasol, is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

The company was formed in 1950 in Sasolburg, South Africa, and built around coal liquefaction processes that German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s. Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including synthetic fuel technologies, and produces different liquid fuels, chemicals, coal tar, and electricity.

Sasol is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE: SOL) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: SSL). Major shareholders include the South African Government Employees Pension Fund, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited (IDC), Allan Gray Investment Counsel, Coronation Fund Managers, Ninety One, and others.

Sasol employs over 27,000 people worldwide and has operations in 33 countries. It is the largest corporate taxpayer in South Africa, and the seventh-largest coal mining company in the world.

Coal tar
Coal tar (also creosote) is a thick dark liquid that is a by-product of deriving coke and coal gas from coal. Coal tar has both medical and industrial uses. Medicinally, it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff).  It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy in a treatment called Goeckerman therapy, which is rarely used clinically, as of 2024.

Industrially, it is a preservative for railroad ties and used in the surfacing of roads. Coal tar was listed as a known human carcinogen in the first Report on Carcinogens from the U.S. Federal Government, issued in 1980, and remains a cancer concern due to the presence of benzene in coal tar skincare products, such as shampoos.
Encarna Garrido Lázaro
Encarna Garrido Lázaro (born 1971) is a Spanish athlete who competes in archery, in the Longbow category.

He won four gold, four silver, and two bronze medals at the World Archery 3D Championships. At the European Archery 3D Championships, he won six gold, three silver, and two bronze medals, winning at least one medal in every edition held.

Longbow
A longbow is a type of tall bow that makes a long draw possible. Longbows for hunting and warfare have been made from many different woods in many cultures; in Europe they date from the Paleolithic era and, since the Bronze Age, were made mainly from yew, or from wych elm if yew was unavailable. The historical longbow was a self bow made of a single piece of wood, but modern longbows may also be made from modern materials or by gluing different timbers together.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the three U.S. representatives from the State of New Mexico, one from all three of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections occurred on June 4, 2024.

New Mexico's congressional districts
New Mexico is divided into three congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives.

The people of the state are currently represented in the 118th United States Congress by three Democrats, Melanie Stansbury, Gabe Vasquez, Teresa Leger Fernandez.
Sigālovāda Sutta
Sigālovāda Sutta is the 31st Sutta described in the Digha Nikaya ("Long Discourses of Buddha").  It is also known as the Sīgāla Sutta, the Sīgālaka Sutta, the Siṅgālovāda Sutta, the Siṅgāla Sutta, and the Sigālovāda Suttanta ("The Sigāla Homily").

Buddhaghosa has referred to this sutta as "the Vinaya [Buddhist code of discipline] of the householder."
In modern times, Bhikkhu Bodhi has identified this sutta as the "most comprehensive Nikāya text" which pertains "to the happiness directly visible in this present life."

Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Sinhalese Theravādin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher. He worked in the great monastery (mahāvihāra) at Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka and saw himself as being part of the Vibhajyavāda school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese mahāvihāra.

His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older Sinhala commentaries on the scriptural canon of the Theravāda school. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravāda Buddhism this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of meditation." The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravādin scriptures since at least the 12th century CE.

Buddhaghosa is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravādin Buddhists as the most important philosopher and commentator of the Theravāda school.
Pacific–Kula Ridge
The Pacific-Kula Ridge is a former mid-ocean ridge that existed between the Pacific and Kula plates in the Pacific Ocean during the Paleogene period. Its appearance was in an east–west direction and the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain had its attribution with the ridge. The Pacific-Kula Ridge lay south of the Hawaii hotspot around 80 million years ago, moving northward relative to the hotspot.

Hotspot (geology)
In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.
Venezuelan shadow fleet
The Venezuelan shadow fleet is an informal maritime fleet of oil tankers and other vessels used by the Venezuelan Government and related operators to sell oil and fuel while avoiding international sanctions and regulatory systems. The fleet usually uses methods that make it difficult to assess where the oil comes from, who owns it, and where it is going, such as turning off tracking systems, changing ship names or identities, transferring oil between ships at sea, and switching national flags. Venezuela's shadow fleet has played a significant role in maintaining crude oil exports despite United States and allied sanctions targeting the Venezuelan oil sector, particularly since the late 2010s.

Government of Venezuela
Venezuela is a federal presidential republic. The chief executive is the President of Venezuela, who is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Venezuela. Supreme judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice.
2012 Monza GP3 Series round
The 2012 Monza GP3 Series round was a GP3 Series motor race held on September 10 and 11, 2012 at Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy. It was the eighth and final round of the 2012 GP3 Series. The race supported the 2012 Italian Grand Prix.

MW Arden driver Mitch Evans secured the 2012 GP3 championship in the Race 2 when his nearest title rival, Daniel Abt failed to secure enough points to take the title himself.

This was also the final race for the original GP3 car, the Dallara GP3/10, as it was replaced in 2013 by the GP3/13.

Daniel Abt
Daniel Johannes Abt (born 3 December 1992) is a German former racing driver. He is most notable for competing and winning races in Formula E with the Audi Sport ABT team. Previously, Abt raced in German Formula Three, GP3, and GP2, as well as winning the 2009 ADAC Formel Masters. He is currently on a hiatus from competitive racing, having chosen to take up a broadcasting role with Sat.1 as part of their Formula E coverage.
Loiret's 4th constituency
Loiret's 4th constituency is a French legislative constituency in Loiret.

A by-election was held in the constituency in 2018 after the election of Jean-Pierre Door was annulled. Door was re-elected at the by-election.

Loiret
Loiret (/lwɑːˈreɪ/; French: [lwaʁɛ]) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of north-central France. It takes its name from the river Loiret, which is contained wholly within the department. In 2019, Loiret had a population of 680,434.

Its prefecture is Orléans, which is about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Paris. As well as being the regional prefecture, it is a historic city on the banks of the Loire. It has a large central area with many historic buildings and mansions. Orléans Cathedral, dating back to the 13th century, was rebuilt after Protestant forces destroyed it in 1568. Loiret has two subprefectures, in Montargis and Pithiviers. It is famous for its several châteaux.
Għajnsielem
Għajnsielem (Maltese pronunciation: [ɐˤɪ̯nˈsɪːlɛm]; meaning "Spring of Peace") is a municipality on the southeastern coast of the island of Gozo in Malta, including the entire island of Comino. It has a population of 3,200 residents (as of March 2014), and is the first Gozitan village that greets the visitor on leaving Mġarr Harbour towards the Gozitan heartland. Its name originated from the water spring, around which in 1700, Grandmaster Perellos built an arcade containing public wash basins and fresh water spouts. Attractions include Lourdes Chapel with its sharp steeple and underlying niche of Our Lady of Lourdes, Fort Chambray and the towering of Ghajnsielem Parish Church.

Grand master (order)
Grand Master (Latin: Magister Magnus; German: Großmeister or German: Hochmeister (literally 'High Master'); French: Grand Maître; Spanish: Gran Maestre; Portuguese: Grão-Mestre; Swedish: Stormästare) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.

The title also occurs in modern civil fraternal orders such as the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and various other fraternities. Additionally, numerous modern self-styled orders attempt to imitate habits of the former bodies.
Linus Pauling Award
The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the  Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901–1994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966.

Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College.

Buffalo State University
The State University of New York Buffalo State University (colloquially referred to as Buffalo State University, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo State, or simply Buff State) is a public university in Buffalo, New York. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. Buffalo State University was founded in 1871 as the Buffalo Normal School to train teachers. It offers 79 undergraduate majors with 11 honors options, 11 post baccalaureate teacher certification programs, and 64 graduate programs.
1950 Israeli municipal elections
Municipal elections took place in Israel for the first time on 14 November 1950. These elections were conducted in a matter similar to legislative elections, and turnout stood at approximately 80%. Due to pressure from the ruling party, Mapai, the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18. Mapai ran under the name 'the Histadrut list', which received criticism from Mapam. All religious parties ran as part of the United Religious Front. The General Zionists made significant gains when compared to their legislative power.

Mayors before the election had been chosen during the mandatory period. The elections were dominated by national parties, but some participating lists were local lists, who only participated in elections held in their own municipality.

Histadrut
Histadrut, fully the New General Workers' Federation (Hebrew: הסתדרות העובדים הכללית החדשה, romanized: Histadrot Ha'ovdim Haklalit Hachadsha) and until 1994 the General Federation of Labour in the Land of Israel (Hebrew: ההסתדרות הכללית של העובדים בארץ ישראל, HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael), is Israel's national trade union center and represents the majority of Israel's trade unionists.

Established in December 1920 in Mandatory Palestine, it soon became one of the most powerful institutions in the Yishuv (the body of Jewish residents in the region prior to the establishment of the state). Today, it has 800,000 members.
James Charles (sea captain)
Sir James Thomas Walter Charles KBE CB RD RNR (2 August 1865 – 16 July 1928) was a British ocean liner captain and later Commodore of the Cunard Steamship Company.

He first went to sea at the age of 15 in 1880, sailing on barques around Cape Horn South Africa. At Cunard he rose through the ranks and commanded the RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, among others, before and during World War I. In March 1918 he was given command of the RMS Aquitania. He was selected as one of the six representative Mercantile Marine captains to be appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the civilian 1920 New Year Honours List.

He was made Commodore of the Cunard Line in 1921. He was due to retire on 2 August 1928 when he suffered an internal haemorrhage while in command of the Aquitania on a return voyage to Southampton.

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Betania, Kiribati
3°51′00″N 159°21′00″W﻿ / ﻿3.85000°N 159.35000°W﻿ / 3.85000; -159.35000

Betania is a settlement located on Tabuaeran atoll, Kiribati in the central Pacific Ocean.

Tereitaki is to the north; with Paelau (the administrative centre of the atoll) to the south.

In the 2010 census 175 people were recorded as living in Betania.

Tabuaeran
Tabuaeran, also known as Fanning Island, is an atoll that is part of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean and part of the island nation of Kiribati. The land area is 33.73 square kilometres (13.02 square miles), and the population in 2015 was 2,315. The maximum elevation is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.

The lagoon has an area of 110 square kilometres (42 square miles). The deepest water in the lagoon is about 15 metres (49 feet), but most of it is very shallow.
Liurai, Aileu Administrative Post
Liurai  is a suco in Aileu Administrative Post, Aileu Municipality, Timor-Leste. The administrative area covers an area of 10.33 square kilometres and at the time of the 2010 census it had a population of  4499 people.

Aileu Administrative Post
Aileu, officially Aileu Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Aileu, Tetum: Postu administrativu Aileu), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Aileu municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Suco Seloi Malere, in the town of Aileu.
Andre Rodgers
Kenneth Andre Ian Rodgers (December 2, 1934 – December 13, 2004) was a Bahamian professional baseball shortstop. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York / San Francisco Giants (1957–1960), Chicago Cubs (1961–1964), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1965–1967). He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Taiyo Whales (1969). He batted and threw right-handed, stood 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and weighed 200 pounds (91 kg) (14 stone, 4).

Stone (unit)
The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) is an English and British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 avoirdupois pounds (6.35 kg). The stone continues in customary use in the United Kingdom and Ireland for body weight.

England and other Germanic-speaking countries of Northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (2.3 to 18.1 kg) depending on the location and objects  weighed. With the advent of metrication, Europe's various "stones" were superseded by or adapted to the kilogram from the mid-19th century onward.
The Franklin Mint
The Franklin Mint is a private mint founded by Joseph Segel in 1964 in Wawa, Pennsylvania. The building is in Middletown Township.

The brand name was previously owned by Sequential Brands Group headquartered in New York City. It is currently owned by Retail Ecommerce Ventures (REV). The Franklin Mint sells coins, medals, jewelry, die-cast vehicles, dolls, sculpture and other collectibles.

Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Middletown Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 15,807 at the 2010 census. The Pennsylvania State University has an undergraduate satellite campus called Penn State Brandywine located in the north-central portion of the township. Located outside of Philadelphia, it constitutes part of the Delaware Valley (i.e. the Philadelphia metro area).

Originally established in 1686, Middletown Township adopted a Home Rule Charter in 1978. The township is governed by the council-manager system, a representative form of government in which the seven elected officials set policy for the township and the manager oversees the delivery of all public services and programs.
Siedliska, Gmina Koniusza
Siedliska [ɕɛdˈlʲiska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniusza, within Proszowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

It is located on route 776. Its name means 'habitat'.

Proszowice County
Proszowice County (Polish: powiat proszowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Proszowice, which lies 31 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kraków. Its only other town is Nowe Brzesko (since 2011).

The county covers an area of 414.57 square kilometres (160.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 43,441, out of which the population of Proszowice was 6,205 and the rural population was 37,236.
Philip Hedrick
Philip W. Hedrick (born November 21, 1942) is an American emeritus professor at Arizona State University (ASU). From 1992 until his retirement, Hedrick was Ullman Professor of Conservation Biology at ASU.  Hedrick has published over 200 articles on the topics of population genetics and conservation biology. Among other organisms, he has published extensively on wolves and bighorn sheep.

Hedrick previously served as president of the American Society of Naturalists and the American Genetic Association, and in 1987 was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

American Society of Naturalists
The American Society of Naturalists (ASN) was founded in 1883 and is one of the oldest professional societies dedicated to the biological sciences in North America. The purpose of the Society is "to advance and diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance the conceptual unification of the biological sciences."

Founded in Massachusetts with Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. as its first president, it was called the Society of Naturalists of the Eastern United States until 1886.
Theatre of West Pomerania
The Theatre of West Pomerania (German: Theater Vorpommern) is a theatre in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern that is operated legally as a GmbH, a form of public limited company. Its shareholders are the Hanseatic towns of Stralsund and Greifswald and the town of Putbus.
The Theatre of West Pomerania puts on plays, ballets, concerts, operas, operettas and musicals.

Every year, in addition to the performances at their main sites, there are open air performances, the Baltic Sea Festivals (Ostseefestspiele) both in Stralsund (here on the old freighter, Ursula B. in Stralsund Harbour) as well as in Greifswald (on the Museum Harbour Stage, Bühne am Museumshafen, in the ruined Eldena Abbey and on the market place) and in other towns in Western Pomerania (Vorpommern).

Acting
Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.

Acting involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, and stage combat. Many actors train at length in specialist programs or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of professional actors have gone through extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a full range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques, and acting for camera.

Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (Ancient Greek: ὑπόκρισις, hypokrisis) discuss it as part of rhetoric.
De Imperio Cn. Pompei
De Imperio Cn. Pompei ("On the Imperium of Gnaeus Pompeius"), also known as Pro Lege Manilia ("In Favour of the Manilian Law"), was a speech delivered by Cicero in 66 BC before the Roman popular assembly. It was in support of the proposal made by Gaius Manilius, a tribune of the people, that Pompey the Great be given sole command against Mithridates in the Third Mithridatic War.

Cicero advertised Pompey as the only man with the skills for the campaign but also attempted to avoid offending the senatorial aristocracy unnecessarily. However, by supporting Pompey, Cicero had publicly committed himself.

Third Mithridatic War
The Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC), the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, was fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic.  Both sides were joined by a great number of allies, dragging the entire east of the Mediterranean and large parts of Asia (Asia Minor, Greater Armenia, northern Mesopotamia and the Levant) into the war. The conflict ended in defeat for Mithridates; it ended the Pontic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire (by then a rump state), and also resulted in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome.