hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lee Oser
Lee Oser (born in 1958) is an American novelist, Christian humanist, and literary critic. He is a former president of the Association of Literary Scholars, Critics, and Writers. He teaches religion and literature at the College of the Holy Cross, in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Association of Literary Scholars, Critics, and Writers
The Association of Literary Scholars, Critics, and Writers (ALSCW) was organized in 1994 as the Association of Literary Scholars and Critics by a group of over 400 scholars troubled by what they saw as an over reliance on post-modern theory in the academy. Among the founding members were Robert Alter, Joseph Brodsky, Denis Donoghue, John Hollander, Alfred Kazin, Mary Lefkowitz, Richard Poirier, Christopher Ricks and Roger Shattuck, "a Who's Who of the American literary establishment." Since 1999, the association has published a review, Literary Imagination.
Brushy Mountain Line
The Brushy Mountain Line or Lost Mountain Line was a military defense line protecting Atlanta during the American Civil War.

It was built in the first days of June 1864, by the Confederate army in Cobb County early in the Atlanta campaign to defend the city from an invasion by Union troops.  Its eastern end was at Brushy Mountain (Cobb County)|Brushy Mountain north of Marietta and southeast of Big Shanty.  The west-southwest end was first at Lost Mountain, then was moved east along Mud Creek.

The line was occupied by Confederate Gen. Joe Johnston's Army of Tennessee from June 9–18, 1864

A Georgia state historical marker is located on the road shoulder of U.S. 41 northbound, just south of Greer's Chapel and Barrett Parkway.

Atlanta campaign
The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen.  William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July, the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John B. Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war.
Salipeta
Salipeta is a  neighbourhood of Visakhapatnam, India.

The locality Salipeta falls under the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, and it is one of the oldest localities in One Town (Visakhapatnam).

Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) is the civic body that governs the city of Visakhapatnam, largest city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its jurisdiction encompasses an area of 640 km2 (250 sq mi). It is also part of the planning body of the Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority. Established in the year 1979, the executive power of the GVMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service officer appointed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. In January 2021, the number of wards were increased to 98 from 81 earlier. On 28 April 2025, Peela Srinivasa Rao from 96th ward of GVMC elected as new mayor of Visakhapatnam after no-confidence motion on previous mayor has successfully passed in the council.
Chablis (AOC)
Chablis (pronounced [ʃabli]) is by the northernmost Appellation d'origine contrôlée of the Burgundy region in France. Its cool climate produces wines with more acidity and less fruitiness than Chardonnay vines grown in warmer ones. These often have a "flinty" note, sometimes described as "goût de pierre à fusil" ("tasting of gunflint"), and sometimes as "steely". The Chablis AOC is required to use Chardonnay grapes solely.

The grapevines around the town of Chablis make a dry white wine. In comparison with the white wines from the rest of Burgundy, Chablis wine has typically much less influence of oak. The amount of barrel maturation, if any, is a stylistic choice that varies widely among Chablis producers. Many Grand Cru and Premier Cru wines receive some maturation in oak barrels, but typically the time in barrel and the proportion of new barrels is much smaller than for white wines of Côte de Beaune. Wines not vinified in barrel will instead be vinified in stainless steel.

Terroir
Terroir (/tɛrˈwɑːr/; French: [tɛʁwaʁ] ⓘ; from terre, lit. 'lands') is a French term used to describe the environmental factors that affect a crop's phenotype, including unique environment contexts, farming practices and a crop's specific growth habitat. Collectively, these contextual characteristics are said to have a character; terroir also refers to this character.

Some artisanal crops and foods for which terroir may apply include wine, cheese, coffee, single malt whisky, onions, and tea.

Terroir is the basis of the French wine appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system, which is a model for wine appellation and regulation in France and around the world. The AOC system presumes that the land from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that growing site (the plants' habitat). The extent of terroir's significance is debated in the wine industry.
The Last Gangster
The Last Gangster (also called Another Public Enemy) is a 1937 American crime drama film directed by Edward Ludwig and starring Edward G. Robinson and James Stewart. The supporting cast features Rose Stradner, Lionel Stander and John Carradine.

Edward Ludwig
Edward Irving Ludwig (October 7, 1899 – August 20, 1982) was a Russian-born American film director and writer. He directed nearly 100 films between 1921 and 1963 (some under the names Edward I. Luddy and Charles Fuhr).
Lydia Mutsch
Lydia Mutsch (born 17 August 1961) is a Luxembourgish politician. She served as Minister of Health and Minister for Equal Opportunities in the Bettel I Government from December 2013 until December 2018.

Mutsch studied in Göttingen and was a member of the national legislature, the Chamber of Deputies, from her 1989 election until her appointment as Minister of Health. From 2000 to 2013, she was the Mayor of Esch-sur-Alzette, having previously sat on the communal council since 1988.  She has been a member of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party since 1987.

Bettel I Government
The First Bettel Government (or Bettel I Government) was the ruling government of Luxembourg from 4 December 2013 to 5 December 2018. It was led by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider. It was formed on 4 December 2013, after the 2013 election which saw all 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies renewed. The government was a traffic light coalition between the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens. It was succeeded by the second Bettel Government on 5 December 2018.
Mount Alchanon
Mount Alchanon, also known as Mount Alchanar, is one of the high elevation peaks in the Cordillera Central mountain range in the Philippines. It is located in the province of Kalinga near the border of northern portion of Mountain Province in the island of Luzon. It is the highest point in Kalinga and 20th-highest mountain of the Philippines at 2,617 metres (8,586 ft) above sea level.

Mountain Province
Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc while Bauko is the largest municipality. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province.

The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that included most of the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the Philippine Commission in 1908, and was later split in 1966 into Mountain Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.

The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain naturally mummified bodies, and for its hanging coffins.
Faur
Faur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur (1780–1857), Württemberger painter and army officer

David Levi-Faur, Israeli political scientist and academic

Freda Du Faur (1882–1935), Australian mountaineer, first woman to climb New Zealand's tallest mountain

Guy Du Faur, Seigneur de Pibrac (1529–1584), French jurist and poet

José Faur (1934–2020), Argentine Sephardic Hakham (rabbi), teacher and scholar

Louis-François Faur (1746–1829), French librettist, playwright and man of letters

Remus Faur (born 1989), Romanian biathlete

Louis-François Faur
Louis-François Faur (24 August 1746 – 1829) was a French librettist, playwright and man of letters.

Faur was a secretary of the Duke of Fronsac and, although he left many productions, he ended his days in poverty and oblivion.
Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the provincial committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Zhejiang. The CCP committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the province. The current secretary is Wang Hao, who succeeded Yi Lianhong on 28 October 2024.

Yuan Jiajun
Yuan Jiajun (Chinese: 袁家军; born 27 September 1962) is a Chinese aerospace engineer and politician who is currently serving as the Party Secretary of Chongqing and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.

Before his political career, Yuan was best known for his role as chief designer of the Shenzhou spacecraft, which carries Chinese taikonauts into space. He also served as the governor of Zhejiang from 2017 to 2020 and the Party Secretary of Zhejiang from 2020 to 2022.
Kelly Gullett
Kelly Gullett (born 6 October 1977) is a retired professional American tennis player who was a doubles specialist. Gullett reached a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 233, achieved on 26 November 2001. He never received an official ATP singles ranking.

Gullett reached 9 career doubles finals with a record of 3 wins and 6 losses which includes a 1–4 record in ATP Challenger Tour finals. Alongside Canadian partner Bobby Kokavec, the pair won the 2001 GHI Bronx Tennis Classic defeating another Canadian-American duo Andrew Nisker and Gavin Sontag 6–4, 6–3 to claim his sole Challenger title.

GHI Bronx Tennis Classic
The GHI Bronx Tennis Classic was a tennis tournament for male professional players played on hard courts. The event was held annually in the Bronx, New York, as part of the ATP Challenger Series.

Egyptian tennis player Tamer El-Sawy detain the record for victories, having won two singles titles.
Aaron Dillaway
Aaron Stuart Dillaway (born 23 March 1971) is an Australian Liberal National politician who was the member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland for Bulimba, having defeated Di Farmer, the incumbent, at the 2012 state election. After the initial count showed Dillaway had won by 85 votes, a recount confirmed his victory by 74 votes. He was only the third conservative to hold the seat since 1915, and the first since 1932. Farmer defeated him in a rematch in 2015.

Electoral district of Bulimba
Bulimba is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland.

The electorate covers the inner eastern suburbs of Brisbane.  It is bounded on the north and the west by the Brisbane River and, as at the 2009 election, covers the suburbs of Bulimba, Balmoral, Cannon Hill, Hawthorne, Morningside, Norman Park, Murarrie and Seven Hills. The boundaries have changed relatively little since 1923; prior to that, the boundaries extended as far east as Wynnum and as far south-east as Mount Gravatt and Cleveland.
Bettle Peak
Bettle Peak (77°47′18″S 163°31′50″E﻿ / ﻿77.78833°S 163.53056°E﻿ / -77.78833; 163.53056﻿ (Bettle Peak)) is a peak, 1,490 metres (4,890 ft) high, standing west of Bowers Piedmont Glacier and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) north of the Granite Knolls in Victoria Land. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for James F. Bettle, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist and scientific leader at McMurdo Station in 1962.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Kattubava Mosque
The Kattubava Mosque, also known as the Kattubava Pallivasal, is a Sufi mosque located in the village of Kathvapallivasal, in the Pudukkottai district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The mosque is situated 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Pudukkottai on the Thirumayam-Madurai highway.

Thirumayam
Thirumayam is a town located in Pudukkottai district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a place of historical importance located about 22 km from the capital city of Pudukkottai as well as from the city of Karaikudi. The noted Indian independence activist Sathyamurthy was born in Thirumayam in 1887.
Custos Rotulorum of Warwickshire
This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Warwickshire.

Sir George Throckmorton bef. 1544–1552

Sir Ambrose Cave bef. 1558–1568

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester bef. 1573–1588

Sir Fulke Greville bef. 1594 – aft. 1596

Sir Thomas Leigh bef. 1605–1626

Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke 1626–1628

William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh 1628–1643

Francis Leigh, 1st Baron Dunsmore 1643–1646

Interregnum

Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh 1660–1675

Edward Conway, 1st Earl of Conway 1675–1683

Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland 1683–1689

George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton 1689–1719

Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield 1719–1728

John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu 1728–1749

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire.

Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC (5 September 1641 – 28 September 1702) was an English nobleman and politician of the Spencer family. An able and gifted statesman, his caustic temper and belief in absolute monarchy nevertheless made him numerous enemies. He was forced to flee England in 1688, but later established himself with the new regime after the Glorious Revolution of that year. Subsequently, he took on a more disinterested role as an adviser to the Crown, seeking neither office nor favour. He evinced no party loyalty, but was devoted to his country's interests, as he saw them. By the notoriously lax standards of the Restoration Court, his private life was remarkably free from scandal, which won him favour in the more sober post-Revolution state.
Vanessa Vo
Võ Vân Ánh (born Hanoi), also known by the English name order Vân Ánh Võ and the stage name Vanessa Vo is a California-based Vietnamese musician best known for her work on the đàn tranh zither.

Among her accomplishments is being a session musician for the Sundance best documentary and 2003 Academy Awards nominee Daughter from Danang. Võ also co-composed and recorded for the documentary A Village Called Versailles, winner of the New Orleans Film Festival Audience Award.

Đàn tranh
The đàn tranh (Vietnamese: [ɗâːn ʈajŋ̟], 彈箏) or đàn thập lục is a plucked zither of Vietnam, based on the Chinese guzheng, from which are also derived the Japanese koto, the Korean gayageum and ajaeng, the Mongolian yatga, the Sundanese kacapi and the Kazakh jetigen.  It has a long soundbox with the steel strings, movable bridges and tuning pegs positioned on its top.

The đàn tranh can be used either as a solo instrument, as part of various instrumental ensembles or to accompany vocal performances.
The Rains of Castamere (song)
"The Rains of Castamere" is a song appearing in the A Song of Ice and Fire novels and in the television series adaptation Game of Thrones. The lyrics were written by George R. R. Martin in the novel A Storm of Swords, published in 2000, and the song was composed by Ramin Djawadi in 2011, upon request from the television series creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. The song appears multiple times throughout the books and show.

Ramin Djawadi
Ramin Djawadi (born 19 July 1974) is an Iranian-German film score composer, conductor, and record producer. He is known for his scores for the HBO series Game of Thrones , Iron Man, Pacific Rim and HBO series Westworld.

Djawadi has scored films such as Clash of the Titans, Warcraft, A Wrinkle in Time and Eternals; as well as television series including HBO Game of Thrones prequel series, House of the Dragon, 3 Body Problem, Prison Break, Person of Interest, Jack Ryan and Fallout. He has also composed music for the video games of Medal of Honor franchise, Gears of War franchise and System Shock 2.

He has won two Emmy Awards (both for Game of Thrones), one Annie Award (for Win or Lose), three Grammy nominations and seven Emmy nominations. He was awarded the BMI Icon Award at Broadcast Music Inc.'s 40th annual Film, TV and Visual Media Awards in 2024.
Unsaid
The term "unsaid" refers what is not explicitly stated, what is hidden and/or implied in the speech of an individual or a group of people.

The unsaid may be the product of intimidation; of a mulling over of thought; or of bafflement in the face of the inexpressible.

Basil Bernstein
Basil Bernard Bernstein (1 November 1924 – 24 September 2000) was a British sociologist known for his work in the sociology of education. He worked on socio-linguistics and the connection between the manner of speaking and social organization.
Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic.

The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The prime minister must command a majority of parliament in order to govern.

There have been 10 prime ministers of Northern Cyprus since 1983. The premiership's precursor was a post known as the "president of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber". The only man to occupy this post was Rauf Denktaş from 29 December 1969 to 5 July 1976. There were three prime ministers before the Turkish Cypriot community's unilateral declaration of independence in 1983.

The incumbent prime minister, Ünal Üstel, took the oath of office on 12 May 2022.

Rauf Denktaş
Rauf Raif Denktaş (27 January 1924 – 13 January 2012) was a Turkish Cypriot politician, barrister and jurist who served as the founding president of Northern Cyprus. He occupied this position as the president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus between the declaration of the de facto state by Denktaş in 1983 and 2005, as the president of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus between 1975 and 1983 and as the president of the Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration between 1974 and 1975. He was also elected in 1973 as the Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus.
Egoless programming
Egoless programming is a style of computer programming in which personal factors are minimized so that quality may be improved.  The cooperative methods suggested are similar to those used by other collective ventures such as Wikipedia.

Collective
A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.

The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.

For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.
2022–23 Wichita State Shockers men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Wichita State Shockers men's basketball team represented Wichita State University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Shockers, led by third year head coach Isaac Brown, played their home games at Charles Koch Arena in Wichita, Kansas as members of the American Athletic Conference. They finished the season 16–14, 9–9 in AAC Play to finish in sixth place. They defeated Tulsa in the first round of the AAC tournament before losing in the second round to Tulane.

On March 12, 2023, the school fired head coach Isaac Brown. On March 22, the school named Oral Roberts head coach Paul Mills the team's new head coach.

2023 American Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2023 American Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 9–12, 2023, at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas. All games of the tournament were televised by ESPN Inc. The winner of the tournament, the Memphis Tigers, received the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA tournament.
Mike Bajakian
Mike Bajakian (born August 4, 1974) is an American football coach who is the quarterbacks coach for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the quarterbacks coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL) and as the offensive coordinator at Boston College, Tennessee, Cincinnati, Central Michigan, Northwestern, Utah, and UMass.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Emmett's Mark
Emmett's Mark is a 2002 American thriller film directed by Keith Snyder, and starring Scott Wolf, Khandi Alexander, Talia Balsam, Sarah Clarke, John Doman, with Tim Roth and Gabriel Byrne. The film also features Ira Hawkins, Benjamin John Parrillo, Elizabeth Reaser, Carolyn McCormick, Adam LeFevre, and Greg Wood, along with Roundhouse Ron as the Crime Scene Unit movie consultant for the Philadelphia Police Department.

The film is also known under the title Killing Emmett Young. Scenes from the movie were filmed at North Penn High School in Lansdale, Pennsylvania.

Sarah Clarke
Sarah Clarke is an American actress, best known for her role as Nina Myers on 24, and also for her roles as Renée Dwyer, Bella Swan's mother, in the 2008 film Twilight, Erin McGuire on the short-lived TV show Trust Me, and CIA Officer Lena Smith on the show Covert Affairs. She also starred as Eleanor Wish in the police procedural  drama Bosch.
Columbia (1897 paddle steamer)
Columbia, sometimes called the Steamer Columbia, was a paddle steamer excursion boat on which 87 people died, on the Illinois River on July 5, 1918, across from Creve Coeur, between Peoria and Pekin, Illinois.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.