hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piedmont and Northern Railway
The Piedmont & Northern Railway (reporting mark PN) was a heavy electric interurban company operating over two disconnected divisions in North and South Carolina. Tracks spanned 128 miles (206 km) total between the two segments, with the northern division running 24 miles (39 km) from Charlotte, to Gastonia, North Carolina, including a three-mile (5 km) spur to Belmont. The southern division main line ran 89 miles (143 km) from Greenwood to Spartanburg, South Carolina, with a 12 mi (19 km) spur to Anderson. Initially the railroad was electrified at 1500 volts DC, however, much of the electrification was abandoned when dieselisation was completed in 1954.

Unlike similar interurban systems the Piedmont & Northern survived the Great Depression and was later absorbed into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1969. Although part of the railroad was abandoned between Greenwood and Honea Path and Belton to Anderson, much of the original system exists today as shortlines.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
HMS Fairy
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Fairy:

HMS Fairy (1778), a 16-gun Swan-class ship sloop, built in 1778 at Sheerness, and broken up in 1811.

HMS Fairy (1812), an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop, built in 1812 at Bideford and broken up in 1821.

HMS Fairy (1826), a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop, built in 1826 at Chatham, and lost in 1840.

HMS Fairy (1897), a Gipsy-class destroyer built by Fairfields of Glasgow, launched on 29 May 1897, which foundered on 31 May 1918 after ramming and sinking the German U-boat UC-75.

HMS Fairy (J403), an Auk-class minesweeper built by Associated Shipbuilders, Seattle, launched on 5 April 1943, and loaned to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. Commissioned on 24 March 1944, she was returned to the United States Navy on 13 December 1946.

Cherokee-class brig-sloop
The Cherokee class was a class of brig-sloops of the Royal Navy, mounting ten guns. Brig-sloops were sloops-of-war with two masts (a fore mast and a taller main mast) rather than the three masts of ship sloops.  Orders for 115 vessels were placed, including five which were cancelled and six for which the orders were replaced by ones for equivalent steam-powered paddle vessels.

Many of these sailing vessels served as mail packet ships, and more than eight assisted with exploration and surveys. The best known of the class was HMS Beagle, then considerably modified for Beagle's second survey voyage under Robert FitzRoy, with the gentleman naturalist Charles Darwin on board as a self-funded supernumerary.
Wally Hedrick
Wally Bill Hedrick (1928 – December 17, 2003) was a seminal American artist in the 1950s California counterculture, gallerist, and educator who came to prominence in the early 1960s. Hedrick's contributions to art include pioneering artworks in psychedelic light art, mechanical kinetic sculpture, junk/assemblage sculpture, Pop Art, and (California) Funk Art. Later in his life, he was a recognized forerunner in Happenings, Conceptual Art, Bad Painting, Neo-Expressionism, and image appropriation. Hedrick was also a key figure in the first important public manifestation of the Beat Generation when he helped to organize the Six Gallery Reading, and created the first artistic denunciation of American foreign policy in Vietnam. Wally Hedrick was known as an "idea artist" long before the label conceptual art entered the art world, and experimented with innovative use of language in art, at times resorting to puns.

John Coplans
John Rivers Coplans (24 June 1920 – 21 August 2003) was a British artist, art writer, curator, and museum director.  A veteran of World War II and a photographer, he emigrated to the United States in 1960 and had many exhibitions in Europe and North America. He was on the founding editorial staff of Artforum from 1962 to 1971, and was Editor-in-Chief from 1972 to 1977.
Mirabelle Thovex
Mirabelle Thovex (born 24 August 1991 in Auray) is a French snowboarder. Thovex started snowboarding when she was 8 years old, and has been on the French national team since the age of 15. Thovex competed in the women’s halfpipe event at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

She is the sister of freestyle skier Candide Thovex.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Elsa Zamparelli
Elsa Zamparelli (born December 8, 1944) is a costume designer who is best known for her work on Dances with Wolves and The Last of the Mohicans, though British designer James Acheson designed most of the film before leaving the production.

She was nominated at the 63rd Academy Awards for Best Costumes for her work on Dances with Wolves.

Academy Award for Best Costume Design
The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for achievement in film costume design.

The award was first given in 1949, for films made in 1948. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and color films. Since the merger of the two categories in 1967, the Academy has traditionally avoided giving out the award to films with a contemporary setting.
Arnoldo Sartorio
Arnold Gabriel Holland Sartorio (30 March 1853, in Frankfurt – 15 February 1936 in Krefeld) was a German composer, choral conductor, and piano teacher of the Romantic period. His musical output lay almost entirely in the genre of salon music pioneered by Sigismond Thalberg among others and transcended by Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt.

Exceptionally prolific, Sartorio composed works for over 1,200 opus numbers, his reaching of Opus 1,000 being documented in the magazine The Etude. While virtually unknown today, he was remembered by past audiences chiefly for pedagogical pieces written for his piano students to play. Many of these were issued under pseudonyms, which include Felix Durand, T. Devrient, Arthur Dana, Carlotta Bocca, Christian Schäfer, and Victor Abelle.

Salon music
Salon music was a popular music genre in Europe during the 19th century. It was usually written for solo piano in the romantic style, and is often performed by the composer at events known as "Salons". Salon compositions are usually fairly short and often focus on virtuoso pianistic displays or emotional expression of a sentimental character. Common subgenres of salon music are the operatic paraphrase or fantasia, in which multiple themes from a popular opera are the basis of the composition, and the musical character-piece, which portrays in music a particular situation or narrative.
Dongguan South railway station
Dongguan South railway station (Chinese: 东莞南站) is a station in Tangxia, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China. It is one of the stations on the Beijing-Hong Kong High-Speed Railway between Huizhou North railway station in Huizhou and Guangmingcheng railway station in Shenzhen City.

Tangxia, Dongguan
Tangxia (simplified Chinese: 塘厦镇; traditional Chinese: 塘廈鎮; pinyin: Tángxià zhèn) is a town under the direct jurisdiction of Dongguan prefecture-level city in Guangdong province, China. It is located in the southeast of Dongguan's prefectural area and borders the Shenzhen districts of Longhua to the south and Guangming to the west.
Magadan constituency
The Magadan Constituency (No.116) is a Russian legislative constituency in Magadan Oblast. The constituency encompasses the entire territory of Magadan Oblast.

The constituency has been vacant since March 4, 2025, following the resignation of first-term United Russia deputy Anton Basansky, who was appointed State Secretary – Deputy Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic.

Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
The Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic (Russian: Министерство Российской Федерации по развитию Дальнего Востока и Арктики) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for the economic and social development of the Russian Far East and Russian Arctic.

The Ministry for Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic was established on 21 May 2012 by the First Medvedev Cabinet. It was known as the Ministry for Development of the Russian Far East until 26 February 2019.

Aleksey Chekunkov has served as the Minister of the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic since 10 November 2020.
Buckingham Park, Buckinghamshire
Buckingham Park is a suburban residential neighbourhood on the north-west edge of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the location of major housing developments on two sites known originally as Weedon Hill and Berryfields. Buckingham Park is also a civil parish, within the Buckinghamshire Unitary Authority area. The neighbourhood is immediately north of the River Thame.

River Thame
The River Thame /ˈteɪm/ is a river in Southern England. A tributary of the River Thames, the river runs generally south-westward for about 40 mi (64 km) from its source above the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury to the Thames in south-east Oxfordshire.
Global Security Institute
The Global Security Institute (GSI) is a largely private (though partly bipartisan), non-governmental international organization with a mission to  eliminate nuclear weapons through international cooperation and security. It aims to influence national laws, seeking to accomplish its mission by focusing on nuclear arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
Les Battersby
Les Battersby (also Battersby-Brown) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, who appeared from 1997 to 2007, played by Bruce Jones. The character is best known for his outspoken opinions and his following of English rock band Status Quo. In November 2024, Les was killed off off-screen.

Weatherfield
Weatherfield is a fictional town based on Salford, Greater Manchester, which has been the setting for the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street since its inception in 1960. Much of Weatherfield has been seen by viewers throughout the years, though the primary focus from the viewer's perspective is the eponymous Coronation Street, a cobbled street where many of the programme's characters live. The soap opera is often shot on location around Salford and the neighbouring large city of Manchester, as its filming studios, the Granada Studios complex on Quay Street in Manchester city centre (which closed in 2013) and its replacement set MediaCityUK in Salford Quays (opened in 2014), only house the outdoor sets of Coronation Street and its immediate surrounding streets.

As part of the 2010 Children in Need charity appeal, Weatherfield became twinned with Walford in a special programme uniting the two soaps, Coronation Street and EastEnders, called East Street.
Outgrow
Outgrow is the fourth Japanese studio album (ninth overall) by South Korean recording artist BoA. It was released through Avex Trax on February 15, 2006, and features the singles "Do the Motion", "Make a Secret", "Dakishimeru", and "Everlasting". The album also features the track "First Snow" from BoA's special digital single, "Merry Christmas from BoA". Several songs on the album were either written or composed by BoA herself.

Make a Secret
"Make a Secret"  is BoA's sixteenth Japanese single, and fifth lowest selling. The title track was used for a Kose Fasio commercial, and although the A-side track, "Make a Secret", was promoted, the B-side, "Long Time No See", won more acclaim and praise from fans. After the eyebrow-raising performance of her Do the Motion single, this single came as a huge disappointment to fans and staff alike.
Algy Ward
Alasdair Mackie "Algy" Ward (11 July 1959 – 17 May 2023) was an English punk rock and heavy metal bass guitarist and singer. He began his career in 1977, as a bassist for the Australian proto punk garage band the Saints. Afterwards, he joined The Damned, before founding Tank in 1980. Tank were part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement.

Proto-punk
Proto-punk (or protopunk) is music that foreshadowed the punk rock genre, particularly rock music artists during the 1960s and early-to mid 1970s. A retrospective label, the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles; together, they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.

The tendency towards aggressive, raw, simplistic rock songs is a trend rooted in the earliest forms of rock and roll. The American garage rock movement of the mid-1960s is a key influence in the development of punk rock. By the late 1960s, Detroit bands the Stooges and MC5 had taken the influence of garage groups to form a distinct prototypical punk sound. In the following years, this sound spread both domestically and internationally,  alongside glam rock and pub rock, into several regional early underground punk scenes in New York, Ohio, Australia and England.
Catalonia Yes
Catalonia Yes (Catalan: Catalunya Sí, CatSí) was a Catalan independence political platform founded in 2011 bringing together people from civil society and various public figures in favour of independence for Catalonia.

In order to be able to run in coalition with other political parties, it was registered as a political party on 6 October 2011, later to contest jointly with Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Independence Rally (RI) in the 2011 Spanish general election as part of Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes.

Moisès Broggi
Moisès Broggi i Vallès (Catalan pronunciation: [mujˈzɛz ˈβɾɔdʒi]; 18 May 1908 – 31 December 2012) was a Catalan physician and pacifist. Broggi studied medicine at University of Barcelona. He worked as a field surgeon in the Spanish Civil War for the International Brigades.
Jim Cowell (ice hockey)
Jim Cowell (born October 18, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the sixth round (83rd overall) of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft, and was also drafted by the Los Angeles Sharks in the 4th round (47th overall) of the 1973 WHA Amateur Draft.

Cowell played major junior hockey with the Ottawa 67's of the Ontario Hockey League. In the summer of 1973 he was selected in both the NHL and WHA drafts, however he broke his ankle while attending the Vancouver Canucks training camp forcing him to miss the start of the 1973-74 season. Cowell never played in the major leagues, but he did go on to play 14 seasons of professional hockey in the minor leagues.

Ottawa 67's
The Ottawa 67's are a major junior ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that plays in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Established during Canada's centennial year of 1967 and named in honour of this, the 67's currently play their home games at TD Place Arena. The 67's are three-time OHL champions, and have played in the Memorial Cup five times, winning in 1984 and as host team in 1999.
2013–14 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2013–14 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-ninth since its establishment. The league is the uppermost in San Marino, in which the country's top 15 amateur football clubs play. The season began on 13 September 2013 and ended with the play-off final on 27 May 2014.

Serravalle, San Marino
Serravalle (Romagnol: Saravâl) is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It has a population of 11,226 inhabitants (of whom 2,000 are of foreign origin) and an area of 10.53 km2 (4 sq. mi.). It is both the most populated and densely populated municipality in San Marino, and contains its largest settlement (Dogana). Serravalle is located on the edge of the Apennine Mountains.
Echo removal
Echo removal is the process of removing echo and reverberation artifacts from audio signals. The reverberation is typically modeled as the convolution of a (sometimes time-varying) impulse response with a hypothetical clean input signal, where both the clean input signal (which is to be recovered) and the impulse response are unknown. This is an example of an inverse problem. In almost all cases, there is insufficient information in the input signal to uniquely determine a plausible original image, making it an ill-posed problem. This is generally solved by the use of a regularization term to attempt to eliminate implausible solutions.

This problem is analogous to deblurring in the image processing domain.

Impulse response
In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (δ(t)). More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change. In both cases, the impulse response describes the reaction of the system as a function of time (or possibly as a function of some other independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic behavior of the system).

In all these cases, the dynamic system and its impulse response may be actual physical objects, or may be mathematical systems of equations describing such objects.

Since the impulse function contains all frequencies (see the Fourier transform of the Dirac delta function, showing infinite frequency bandwidth that the Dirac delta function has), the impulse response defines the response of a linear time-invariant system for all frequencies.
Phatch
Free and open-source software portal

Phatch (PHoto & bATCH) is a raster graphics editor used to batch process digital graphics and photographs. Phatch can be used on the desktop as a GUI program or on the server as a console program.

Python Imaging Library
Python Imaging Library is a free and open-source additional library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7.

Development of the original project, known as PIL, was discontinued in 2011. Subsequently, a successor project named Pillow forked the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support. This fork has been adopted as a replacement for the original PIL in Linux distributions including Debian and Ubuntu (since 13.04).
Fish Ponds
Fish Ponds is one of the locations where the Mojave River rose to run on the surface of its course through the Mojave Desert. The site is located in the river bed in Nebo Center, in the eastern part of Barstow, in San Bernardino County, California.  Fish Ponds was named for the Mohave chub that were to be found in the ponds in that location.: 218  : 105

Mohave tui chub
The Mohave tui chub (Siphaletes bicolor mohavensis) is a subspecies of the tui chub endemic to the Mojave River.

The Mohave tui chub was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in 1970, then added to California's list of endangered species in 1971. A recovery plan was created by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1984.
Calvin Brainerd Cady
Calvin Brainerd Cady (June 21, 1851 – May 29, 1928) was an American musician, music teacher, leading educational philosopher and writer of the progressive era of education in his subject area.

Cady founded the music department at the University of Michigan, now the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance. He became known for his pedagogical theories while working with John Dewey at the University Elementary School, today's University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and later at the Cornish School, now Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle. Cady was a leader in advocating for degree programs in music within university curricula, and who “believed that music should be taught as a means to further understanding of the liberal arts.”

School of Music, Theatre, and Dance
The School of Music, Theatre, and Dance (SMTD) is the undergraduate and graduate school for the performing arts of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.

The school was founded in 1880 as the Ann Arbor School of Music. It was originally independent from the university until 1929.

The School is located on the University of Michigan's North Campus, which is also home to the College of Engineering, the Stamps School of Art and Design, and the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning.
Charles Herschel Sisam
Charles Herschel Sisam (8 September 1879, Cedar Rapids, Iowa – 4 December 1964) was an American mathematician.

He received his B.A. in 1902 from the University of Michigan and then his M.A. in 1903 and Ph.D. in 1906, under the supervision of Virgil Snyder, from Cornell University. While working on his Ph.D., Sisam was a mathematics instructor at the United States Naval Academy from 1904 to 1906. He was an instructor in 1906–1907, a research associate in 1907–1909, and an assistant professor in 1909–1918 at the University of Illinois. From 1918 to 1948, he was a full-time professor at Colorado College. He did research on algebraic surfaces and was an invited speaker at the ICM in 1928 in Bologna. He was an editorial staff of the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society from 1930 to 1936.

Sisam married and was the father of a daughter.

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
Justin Parrish
Justin Parrish (born May 10, 1984) is an American former football defensive end. He played as a defensive end and linebacker for Kent State University. He was signed as a free agent by the Jacksonville Sharks in 2010. Parrish attended a workout with the Washington Redskins in 2006, but was not signed. Parrish began his professional career with the Ohio Valley Greyhounds of United Indoor Football.

United Indoor Football
United Indoor Football (UIF) was an indoor American football league in the United States that operated from 2005 to 2008.  Ten owners from the National Indoor Football League, including one expansion (the Dayton Warbirds, which never played a game in UIF) and two from arenafootball2 (af2) took their franchises and formed their own league. The league was based in Omaha, Nebraska.

On July 22, 2008, it was announced that the UIF would be merging with the Intense Football League for the 2009 season. The merged league is known as the newest incarnation of the Indoor Football League.