hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Veblen good
A Veblen good is a type of luxury good for which the demand increases as the price increases, in apparent contradiction of the law of demand, resulting in an upward-sloping demand curve. They are named after American economist Thorstein Veblen who described the contradiction.

The higher prices of Veblen goods may make them desirable as a status symbol in the practices of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. A product may be a Veblen good because it is a positional good, something few others can own.

Status symbol
A status symbol is a visible, external symbol of one's social position, an indicator of economic or social status. Many luxury goods are often considered status symbols. Status symbol is also a sociological term – as part of social and sociological symbolic interactionism – relating to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols.
Bourret's box turtle
Bourret's box turtle (Cuora bourreti), also known commonly as the central Vietnamese flowerback box turtle and the Indochinese box turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to Southeast Asia.

Geoemydidae
The Geoemydidae (formerly known as Bataguridae) are one of the largest and most diverse families in the order Testudines (turtles), with about 70 species. The family includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.
Jesse Broadwater
Jesse Broadwater (born January 9, 1984), is an American compound archer. His achievements include gold medals at the outdoor, indoor and field World Archery Championships (2012 and 2014), qualifying in first position for the 2013 World Archery Championships, and achieving a career high ranking of 6 in 2013.

2013 World Archery Championships
The 2013 World Archery Championships was the 47th edition of the event. It was held in Antalya, Turkey from 29 September to 6 October 2013 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). It was immediately preceded by the 50th World Archery Federation congress in the same location. Qualification and elimination rounds took place at the Papillon Sports Centre in nearby Kadriye, with the medal matches on 5–6 October on the beach of Belek.

For the first time, the event was streamed live on the World Archery Federation YouTube channel, ArcheryTV. The recurve team final was broadcast live on Eurosport 2 and other finals shown on a delay.
Mascha Mioni
Marianne Mittelholzer, artist name Mascha Mioni (born 17 April 1941 in Zurich) is a Swiss painter and textile artist. Her best known creations are in the area of art to wear, the design of garments as an object of art, and wearable art.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
India Backbone Implementation Network
IbIn (pronounced as ‘Ib’+’in’) stands for India Backbone Implementation Network. Conceived during the creation of the 12th Five Year Plan, IbIn's objective is to systematically promote capabilities that ensure coordination, collaboration, and implementation on issues, projects and policy within India. These capabilities include stakeholder alignment, project management, and policy advisory all of which require technical skills (for the process) as well as domain knowledge (pertaining to the specific subject matter or sector) knowledge. Since no single entity can provide all these skills and knowledge, IbIn is designed as a network that will cross-share and cross-link this information by leveraging partner organizations

Planning Commission (India)
The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.

In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog.
Zim Zim Falls
Zim Zim Falls is a 100+ ft tall waterfall in northern Napa County, California in the Knoxville Wildlife Area. This area is also a part of the much larger Berryessa-Snow Mountain National Monument. The waterfall became accessible to the public in 2005 after the wildlife area was expanded by 12,000 acres. The falls are located along Zim Zim Creek which is a tributary of Eticuera Creek. The water from the falls eventually flows into Lake Berryessa via Eticuera Creek.

Lake Berryessa
Lake Berryessa is the largest lake in Napa County, California, United States. This reservoir in the Vaca Mountains was formed following the construction of the Monticello Dam on Putah Creek in the 1950s. Since the early 1960s, this reservoir has provided water and hydroelectricity to the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area.

The reservoir was named after the Berryessa family of California; José Jesús and Sexto "Sisto" Berryessa were granted Rancho Las Putas in 1843.
Adcock River
The Adcock River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise in the Philips Range near Qodesh then flow in a south-easterly direction parallel with the Wunaamin-Miliwundi Ranges and past Mount House, Mount Clifton and Mount Hamilton before merging with the Fitzroy River near Fitzroy Bluff.

The Adcock has three tributaries: Throssel River, Annie Creek and Walsh Creek.

Frank Hann named the river in 1898 after Charles and William Adcock of Derby: Hann explained: "Messrs Adcock Bros of Derby were very kind to me and provided exceedingly reasonable in the important matter of a supply of rations."

The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Nyikina people.

Fish such as Greenway's grunter, the flathead goby and the false spotted gudgeon have been found within the river system.

Wunaamin Miliwundi Ranges
The Wunaamin Miliwundi Ranges (between 1879 and 2020 known as the King Leopold Ranges) are a range of hills in the western Kimberley region of Western Australia.

There are two conservation parks within the ranges, the Wunaamin Conservation Park (in Wilinggin land) and Miluwindi Conservation Park (in Bunuba land), both formerly part of the King Leopold Ranges Conservation Park.
Symbolic culture
Symbolic culture, or non-material culture, is the cultural realm constructed and inhabited uniquely by Homo sapiens and is differentiated from ordinary culture, which many other animals possess. Symbolic culture is studied by archaeologists, social anthropologists and sociologists. From 2018, however, some evidence of a Neanderthal origin of symbolic culture emerged.

Examples of symbolic culture include concepts (such as good and evil), mythical constructs (such as gods and underworlds), and social constructs (such as promises and football games).

Non-material culture
Culture consists of both material culture and non-material culture. Thoughts or ideas that make up a culture are called the non-material culture. In contrast to material culture, non-material culture does not include any physical objects or artifacts. Examples of non-material culture include any ideals, ideas, beliefs, values, norms that may help shape society.
Gaung baung
The gaung baung (Burmese: ခေါင်းပေါင်း [ɡáʊɰ̃ báʊɰ̃]; Mon: သမိၚ် ဍိုပ်, [həmoiŋ dɒp]; Shan: ၶဵၼ်းႁူဝ် [kʰén.hǒ]; Northern Thai: เคียนหัว [kʰīan hǔa]) is a traditional Burmese kerchief and part of the traditional attire of many ethnic groups inhabiting modern day Burma and Northern Thailand, particularly among most of the Buddhist-professing ethnic groups: the Bamar, Mon, Arakanese, Shan, and Tai Yuan peoples. The design varies from region to region, but share basic similarities that distinguish the gaung baung from the kerchief.

Gaung baung literally means "head wrap" in the Burmese language. It is part of traditional ceremonial attire, worn at formal gatherings and ceremonies. The gaung baung is almost always a sign of rank, though no insignia or pattern exists to denote it. The gaung baung is more prevalent among the Arakanese and Shan ethnic groups.

Northern Thai people
The Northern Thai people, also known as Tai Yuan  (Thai: ไทยวน, [tʰaj˧ juan˧]) or Khon Mueang  (Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, คนเมือง pronounced [kʰon˧ mɯaŋ˧]), are a Tai ethnic group, native to nine provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na. As a Tai group, they are closely related to Tai Lü and Tai Khün with regard to common culture, language and history in contrast to Thailand's dominant Thai ethnic group (referred to as Siamese or Central Thai). There are approximately 6 million Tai Yuan. Most of them live in Northern Thailand, with a small minority 29,442 (2005 census) living across the border in Bokeo Province of Laos. Their language is called Northern Thai, Lanna or Kham Mueang.
Joseph Slogan
Joseph Slogan (February 15, 1931 – November 3, 2024) was a Canadian politician who was a Progressive Conservative Party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a dentist by career.

Born in Windsor, Ontario, he was first elected at Manitoba's Springfield riding in the 1958 general election after an unsuccessful attempt to win the riding in 1953. Slogan was re-elected there in 1962 and 1963, then defeated in the 1965 election by Edward Schreyer of the New Democratic Party.

Slogan was a member of the Ukrainian community. Slogan died in Selkirk, Manitoba on November 3, 2024, at the age of 93.

1965 Canadian federal election
The 1965 Canadian federal election was held on November 8, 1965, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected to government, winning more seats than any other party. It won more seats in the House even though it received a smaller share of the popular vote. It fell short of a majority government. It formed a minority government that due to support from other MPs, lasted three years.
Zoran Ferić
Zoran Ferić (born 2 June 1961 in Zagreb, Croatia) is a Croatian writer and columnist who resides in Zagreb. He has attended the Ivan Goran Kovačić Elementary School in the city's wealthy neighborhood of Šalata and graduated in Croatian studies at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb. He has written three novels and two collections of short stories. For his literary work, he has received the Ksaver Šandor Gjalski Prize in 2000 and the Jutarnji list Award in 2001. Ferić wrote columns for Nacional, a Croatian weekly. He teaches Croatian at a higher secondary school in Zagreb.

Nacional (weekly)
Nacional is a Croatian weekly news magazine published in Zagreb. Founded in 1995 and owned by photographer and journalist Ivo Pukanić, Nacional quickly gained a reputation for reporting and critical articles about the conservative government led by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), which was in power during the 1990s. During most of its existence its main rival was Globus published by Europapress Holding (EPH).
Abraham Klausner (Austrian rabbi)
Abraham Klausner was an Austrian rabbi and ritualist who flourished at Vienna in the second half of the fourteenth century.

He shared the rabbinical office at Vienna with Meir ben Baruch Halevi (Jacob Weil, Responsa, No. 151).

Aaron Blumlein and Shalom of Wiener-Neustadt, were among his contemporaries. Two of his pupils were Isaac Tyrnau and Jacob Mölln. His collection of ritual customs ("minhagim"), with his notes, was published at Riva di Trento in 1559. The editor of Mölln's "Minhage Maharil" added in several cases some of the minhagim collected by Klausner. His responsa are referred to by Israel Isserlein in his "Pesaḳim u-Ketabim" (No. 6).

Riva del Garda
Riva del Garda (Rìva in local dialect) is a town and comune in the northern Italian province of Trento of the Trentino Alto Adige region. It is also known simply as Riva and is located at the northern tip of Lake Garda.
DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
The DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey refers to the Marxist–Leninist insurgency waged by the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) against the Republic of Turkey, ongoing since 1990. The insurgency began with political assassinations in the early 1990s, and has escalated in the past few years with the use of suicide bombers.

Memduh Ünlütürk
Memduh Ünlütürk (1913 - 7 April 1991) was a Turkish general associated with the Counter-Guerrilla and the anti-communist Ziverbey interrogations following the 1971 coup. He was assassinated at his Istanbul home by members of the left-wing revolutionary group Dev Sol. It has been suggested that he was assassinated to protect the secrets of the Turkish deep state; Dev-Sol (DHKP/C) has been accused of links to the Ergenekon organization.

The first person to publicly talk about the Ergenekon organization was retired naval officer Erol Mütercimler, who spoke of such an organization in 1997. Mütercimler said he heard of the original organization's existence from retired general Memduh Ünlütürk. Major general Ünlütürk told Mütercimler that Ergenekon was founded with the support of the CIA and the Pentagon. Mütercimler was detained during the Ergenekon investigation for questioning before being released.
Garber Sandstone
The Garber Sandstone is a geologic formation from the Permian Period in Oklahoma. It serves as an important aquifer, the Garber-Wellington Aquifer, in Logan, Oklahoma, and Cleveland counties of central Oklahoma.

The upper portion of the Garber is associated with extensive baryte mineralization associated with desert rose occurrences in the outcrop area.

Baryte
Baryte or barite (/ˈbæraɪt, ˈbɛər-/ BARR-eyet, BAIR-), also called barytes (/bəˈraɪtiːz/ bə-RY-teez), is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.
W. Grant Dahlstrom
William Grant Dahlstrom (1922–2006) was an American psychologist who worked on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

He received the APA Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research in 1991 and the Bruno Klopfer Award in 1994. In 1969 he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award with E. Earl Baughman for their study Negro and White Children: A Psychological Study in the Rural South.

APA Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research
The APA Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research (until 2003 known as the Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge) is a scientific award presented by the American Psychological Association "to a psychologist whose research has led to important discoveries or developments in the field of applied psychology."

The 1997 award to John E. Exner raised a controversy, as it was seen as granting a professional endorsement to the Rorschach test, seen by some as pseudoscience.
Oakmont High School
Oakmont High School is located at 1710 Cirby Way, in Roseville, California, United States. The school is surrounded by the communities of Citrus Heights, Rocklin, Granite Bay, and Antelope. It is one of five comprehensive high schools in the Roseville Joint Union High School District.

Granite Bay, California
Granite Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Placer County, California, United States. It is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area. The population was 21,247 at the 2020 census, up from 20,402 at the 2010 census.  The ZIP codes are 95746 and 95661. Granite Bay is a primarily residential  suburb of Sacramento and is located just east of Roseville and west of Folsom Lake.
Pettywell
Pettywell is a hamlet within the a civil parish of Reepham in the English county of Norfolk. The hamlet is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west south west of Aylsham and 14.7 miles (23.7 km) north west of Norwich and 128 miles (206 km) north east of London. The hamlet is on the north side of the B1145  which links King's Lynn and Mundesley. The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich.The nearest airport is at Norwich International Airport. For the purposes of local government, the parish of Reepham falls within the district of Broadland.

Aylsham
Aylsham is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Bure in north Norfolk, England, nearly 9 mi (14 km) north of Norwich. The town is close to Blickling, Felbrigg, Mannington and Wolterton, which are important tourist attractions.

The civil parish has an area of 4,329 acres (17.52 km2) and in the 2001 census had a population of 5,504 increasing to a population of 6,016 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland.
Istinja
Istinja is the Islamic term for the action of using water to clean oneself after urinating and/or defecating.

Istinja is sunnah. It means removing whatever has been passed from the genitals or the rectum with water. Toilet paper and other clean implements like stones can be used in addition to water to aid in purifying the area. Istijmar is the equivalent action just using stones, toilet paper, or anything else that is pure without the water. Using any of these is fine but it is obligatory to use one of these.

The aim of this is to remove the impurity and maintain hygiene in accordance with Islamic law and principles.

Water is standard for toilet hygiene within Muslim homes and countries where a series of vessels that carry water, such as the tabo in Maritime Southeast Asia, the buta  in West Africa, or lota in the Indian subcontinent and internationally the shattaf are used instead of or in addition to toilet paper.

Lota (vessel)
A lota (Hindi: लोटा; Urdu: لوٹا; Odia: ଲୋଟା/ନୋଟା) is a small, spouted, and rounded jug that has been used in India since the 2nd millennium BCE or earlier.  Normally there is no handle. The design itself serves multiple purposes; a copper lota is commonly used in Indian religious ceremonies, such as yajna during puja, for wedding rituals, and other sacred traditions. It is also used for serving water and liquor. According to the ancient Indian/Hindu-origin traditional medicine system of ayurveda, drinking water stored in the copper lota has health and nutritional benefits.

The vessel's regional variations include the bodna (Bengali: বদনা) in Bengal, the kindi in Kerala, and the Karuwa in Nepal.

In the Western World, where the supply of the lota is less, the South Asian diaspora has often used watering cans for the same purposes.
Bawangarhi
Bawangarhi is located approximately 8 km from Tribeni on the Indo Nepalese border. The term Bawangarhi literally means 52 forts. This name is given to ancient remains of some fortification along the Gandak River.

Gandaki River
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area is 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, the Gandaki is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over 8,000 m (26,000 ft), namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna Massif. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. In its upper reaches, the river is known as Kali Gandaki (or Gandaki) as it flows through the Mustang District and the famous Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal.  When the river reaches the Terai plains of Nepal, it is referred to as the Narayani River. This name change typically occurs near the confluence with the Trishuli River at Devghat in Chitwan. Upon entering India, the river is known as the Gandak River.
Fengtai Dongdajie station
Fengtai Dongdajie station (simplified Chinese: 丰台东大街站; traditional Chinese: 豐台東大街站; pinyin: Fēngtái Dōngdàjiē zhàn; lit. 'Fengtai East Street station') is a station on Line 9 of the Beijing Subway.

The station was opened on October 12, 2012. Prior to that date, the trains did not stop there.

Line 9 (Beijing Subway)
Line 9 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁9号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě jiǔhào xiàn) is a rapid transit line in western Beijing. The line runs 16.5 km (10.3 mi) from the National Library in Haidian District to Guogongzhuang in Fengtai District with 13 stations. All stations are fully underground. Line 9's color is chartreuse.
Romanians in Hungary
The Romanians in Hungary (Romanian: Românii din Ungaria, Hungarian: Magyarországi románok) constituted a small minority. According to the most recent Hungarian census of 2011 (based on self-reporting), the population of Romanians was 35,641 or 0.3%, a significant increase from 8,482 or 0.1% of 2001. The community is concentrated in towns and villages close to the Romanian border, such as Battonya, Elek, Kétegyháza, Pusztaottlaka and Méhkerék, and in the city of Gyula. Romanians also live in the Hungarian capital, Budapest. As of 2011, Romanians constitute one of the largest foreign communities in the country.

Self-report study
A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without any outside interference. A self-report is any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews; self-reports are often used as a way of gaining participants' responses in observational studies and experiments.

Self-report studies have validity problems. Patients may exaggerate symptoms in order to make their situation seem worse, or they may under-report the severity or frequency of symptoms in order to minimize their problems.  Patients might also simply be mistaken or misremember the material covered by the survey.