hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Analog feedback shift register
AFSR also stands for the Argonne Fast Source Reactor  -- see list of nuclear reactors.

AFSR was also the abbreviation of the Armed Forces of South Russia.

An analog feedback shift register (AFSR) is a generalization of the (binary, digital) linear-feedback shift register (LFSR).

While binary LFSRs require less power to generate spread spectrum signals than AFSRs, AFSR receivers require less power (in theory) to synchronize to those signals than binary LFSR receivers.

As of 2005, AFSRs are still in research.
AFSR techniques could make spread-spectrum receivers (such as GPS receivers and cell phones and Wi-Fi receivers and RFIDs) cost less and have longer battery lifetimes.

Spread spectrum
In telecommunications, especially radio communication, spread spectrum are techniques by which a signal  (e.g., an electrical, electromagnetic, or acoustic) generated with a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the frequency domain over a wider frequency band. Spread-spectrum techniques are used for the establishment of secure communications, increasing resistance to natural interference, noise, and jamming, to prevent detection, to limit power flux density (e.g., in satellite downlinks), and to enable multiple-access communications.
St Joseph's Roman Catholic High School, Horwich
St Joseph's Roman Catholic High School and Sports College is a voluntary aided comprehensive school located in Horwich, Greater Manchester, England. It is under trusteeship of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford and is maintained by Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council.

The school is in the top 4 schools (three of which are faith schools) at GCSE in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton. On 2 June 2020, the school was formally admitted as a member to the worldwide UNESCO Associated Schools Network.

The school offers GCSEs as programmes of study for pupils.

Voluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school (VA school) is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust (usually a religious organisation) contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school. In most cases the foundation or trust owns the buildings. 
Such schools have more autonomy than voluntary controlled schools, which are entirely funded by the state. In some circumstances local authorities can help the governing body in buying a site, or can provide a site or building free of charge.

Originally the term is derived from the funding of the schools through voluntary subscriptions and contributions. Although it is also the case that these are schools previously independent of local or national government that volunteered to be aided by the state.

Hong Kong's education system also has aided (Chinese: 資助) schools.
Tetraperchloratoaluminate
Tetraperchloratoaluminates are salts of the tetraperchloratoaluminate anion, [Al(ClO4)4]−. The anion contains aluminium tetrahedrally surrounded by four perchlorate groups. The perchlorate is covalently bonded to the aluminium, but perchlorate is much more well known as an ion. The covalent bond to aluminium distorts the perchlorate and renders it unstable.

Related chemicals are the haloperchloroatoaluminates, where there is one perchloro group attached to aluminium, and three halogens such as chlorine (chloroperchloroatoaluminates) or bromine (bromoperchloroatoaluminates).

Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

The anhydrous form is commercially important. It has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium, but large amounts are also used in other areas of the chemical industry. The compound is often cited as a Lewis acid. It is an inorganic compound that reversibly changes from a polymer to a monomer at mild temperature.
Battle of Qara Darra
The Battle of Qara Darra was fought on 24 July 1336 between two rival Mongol factions competing for control of the Ilkhanate throne following the death of Abu Sa'id in 1335. The confrontation took place in the vicinity of Van and marked a key episode in the collapse of central Ilkhanid authority.

Van, Turkey
Van is a city in eastern Turkey's Van Province, on the eastern shore of Lake Van. It is the capital and largest city of Van Province.

Van has a long history as a major urban area. It has been a large city since the first millennium BCE, initially as Tushpa, the capital of the kingdom of Urartu from the 9th century BCE to the 6th century BCE, and later as the center of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan. Turkic presence in Van and in the rest of Anatolia started as a result of Seljuk victory at the Battle of Malazgirt (1071) against the Byzantine Empire.

Van was densely populated by Armenians until the Armenian genocide in the 1910s. Today, it is mostly inhabited by Kurds.
Debbie Kasper
Debbie Kasper is a stand-up comedian and writer.  She was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her work on The Rosie O'Donnell Show.
She also wrote for Roseanne during the ninth season of the show.

Kasper's one woman show "Without ME My Show IS Nothing" received the DramaLogue award for best one person show in Los Angeles. She co-wrote and co-stars in "Self-Help: The Comedy" and tours in the show.

The Rosie O'Donnell Show
The Rosie O'Donnell Show is an American daytime variety television talk show created, hosted, and produced by actress and comedian Rosie O'Donnell. It premiered on June 10, 1996, and concluded after six seasons on June 27, 2002.

This talk show was taped in Studio 8G at NBC's Rockefeller Center studios in New York City, New York, and was produced and distributed by KidRo Productions, Telepictures Productions, and Warner Bros. Television. The talk show won five Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Talk Show.
Periplaneta aboriginea
The aboriginal cockroach (Periplaneta aboriginea) is a species of cockroach belonging to the family Blattidae. Unlike the related (and misnamed) Australian cockroach, this is an Australian native endemic, only recorded from the northern part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, as far north as the Cape York Peninsula.

This species, which is capable of flight, is usually found underneath tree bark.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Charlie Coffey (writer)
Charlie Coffey is an American writer, actor and producer. Coffey is best known for his collaborations with comedian Julie Brown on such projects as Just Say Julie, The Homecoming Queen's Got A Gun, Strip Mall and Earth Girls Are Easy.

The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun
"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun" is a song by American singer–comedian Julie Brown. It appeared as the B-side to her 1983 single "I Like 'em Big and Stupid". Brown's satire of valley girl culture also parodies 1950s–1960s "teen tragedy" songs.
Shaharizukirnain Abdul Kadir
Shaharizukirnain bin Abdul Kadir (Jawi شاهرالذوالقرنين عبدالقدير; born 22 November 1969) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Setiu since May 2018. He served as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jabi from November 1999 to March 2004. He is the chairman of the Tabung Ekonomi Kumpulan Usahawan Niaga Nasional (TEKUN Nasional) government-linked company. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) and formerly Gagasan Sejahtera (GS), Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Barisan Alternatif (BA) coalitions.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Alexander McConachie
Alexander McConachie (7 July 1840 – 18 March 1913) was a prominent Scottish merchant in Hong Kong and the member of the Legislative Council.

McConachie was born on 7 July 1840 in Glenrinnes, Banffshire, Scotland. He went to Hong Kong and was the partner of the Gilman & Co. and was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in 1896, chairman of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, chairman of the China Fire Insurance Company at different times. He was also the representative of the Chamber of Commerce in the Legislative Council.

He died on 18 March 1913 at Mar Gate, Stirling, Scotland and the funeral took place on 20 March at Stirling Cemetery.

Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC; Chinese: 香港總商會) was founded on 29 May 1861, and is the oldest and one of the largest business organizations in Hong Kong. It has around 4,000 corporate members, who combined employ around one-third of Hong Kong's workforce. It is a self-funding, not-for-profit organization that promotes and represents the interests of the Hong Kong business community. A core function of its work is to formulate recommendations on improving the business environment, which its 23 industry-specific committees constantly analyze and make regular submissions to Government of Hong Kong officials and policy makers.

The Chamber's key services are advocacy, events, networking and business services. It also issues Certificates of Origin, ATA Carnet, and Certificate of Business Identity among other business documentation services via its six branches around Hong Kong.
Results of the 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election
The 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election was for 72 members representing 60 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 8 multi-member districts returning 20 members and 52 single member districts. In the multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 12 districts were uncontested.

There were three districts that did not have a residential or property qualification, Goldfields North (750), Goldfields South (1,400) and Goldfields West (20,000). The average number of enrolled voters per seat in the other districts was 2,078 ranging from The Paterson (551) to Mudgee (7,401). The electoral boundaries were established under the Electoral Act 1858 (NSW).

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Ryan Kotlewski
Ryan Kotlewski (born February 21, 1990) is a Canadian international rugby union player.

A prop from Calgary, Alberta, Kotlewski played for Prairie Wolf Pack in the Canadian Rugby Championship and had several seasons in Australia with the Canberra Royals, where he won a ACTRU premiership in 2015.

Kotlewski relocated to Greater Victoria in 2016 and began playing his rugby with Westshore RFC.

Between 2016 and 2019, Kotlewski was a member of the Canada national team, gaining six caps.

Prairie Wolf Pack
The Prairie Wolf Pack is a Canadian rugby union team representing the Prairies region in the Canadian Rugby Championship. The Wolf Pack's inaugural season includes a home game at the Calgary Rugby Park against The Rock and away games at the BC Bears and Ontario Blues.

The team finished as runner-ups in 2014.
Year of three popes
A year of three popes is a year when the College of Cardinals of the Catholic Church is required to elect two new popes within the same calendar year, in particular the last instance in 1978. Such a year has historically occurred when a newly elected pope dies very early into his papacy. This results in the Catholic Church being led by three different popes during the same calendar year. In one instance, in 1276, there was a year of four popes.

Pope Stephen VI
Pope Stephen VI (Latin: Stephanus VI; died August 897) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 22 May 896 until his death in August 897. He is best known for instigating the Cadaver Synod, which ultimately led to his downfall and death.
Sampson Gamgee
Joseph Sampson Gamgee, (17 April 1828 – 18 September 1886) was a surgeon at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England. He pioneered aseptic surgery (having once shared lodgings with Joseph Lister), and, in 1880 invented Gamgee Tissue, an absorbent cotton wool and gauze surgical dressing.

Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the 19th century who introduced practices such as the sterilizing of surgical tools and the wearing of surgical gloves during operations. The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility. Ideally, an operating field is sterile, meaning it is free of all biological contaminants (e.g. fungi, bacteria, viruses), not just those that can cause disease, putrefaction, or fermentation. Even in an aseptic state, a condition of sterile inflammation may develop. The term often refers to those practices used to promote or induce asepsis in an operative field of surgery or medicine to prevent infection.
Equinox (1857)
Equinox was a 620-ton wooden propeller-driven steamship built in 1857 that primarily served as a bulk freighter on the Great Lakes. She sank on the night of September 10, 1875, while carrying a cargo of salt (6,708 barrels) and towing the schooner barge Emma A. Mayes through a severe gale off Au Sable (Point Au Sable) in Lake Michigan, with her final resting place located roughly 8 miles (13 km) off Big Sable Point. All but one crew member was lost. Although it is largely known in what area the vessel sunk, its exact wreck location are yet to be recorded.

Big Sable Point Light
Big Sable Point Light is a lighthouse on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is located within Ludington State Park just north of the city of Ludington.  First constructed in 1867, it continues to be an active navigational aid.
Acalypha rhomboidea
Acalypha rhomboidea (common three-seeded mercury, rhombic three-seeded-mercury, rhomboid mercury, copperleaf, rhombic copper-leaf, three-seeded-mercury, ricinelle rhomboide, diamond threeseed mercury; syn. Acalypha urticifolia Raf., Acalypha virginica L. forma intermedia Millsp., Acalypha virginica L. var. rhombifolia Riddell, Acalypha virginica L. var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperr.) is a plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

The species name rhomboidea means "diamond-shaped", and describes the leaves.

Charles Frederick Millspaugh
Charles Frederick Millspaugh (June 20, 1854 – September 15, 1923) was an American botanist, botanical illustrator, and physician. He was the founding curator of botany at the Field Museum of Natural History from 1897 until his death, where he was instrumental in collecting and organizing the museum's vast botanical collections.
Portrait of John Constable
Portrait of John Constable' is a 1799 portrait painting by the English artist Ramsay Richard Reinagle. It depicts his friend and fellow painter John Constable at the age of around twenty three.

The two men were both students at the Royal Academy at the time. They each painted each other's portraits, both pictures focusing on the romantic air they were cultivating. Reinagle  was the son of the painter Philip Reinagle while Constable's family owned Flatford Mill. 
Producing views of "Constable Country'" in his native Suffolk, Constable 
would go on to become one of Britain's most celebrated landscape painters. Today the painting is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London, having been given by the Art Fund in 1917.

Art Fund
Art Fund (formerly the National Art Collections Fund) is an independent membership-based British charity, which raises funds to aid the acquisition of artworks for the nation. It gives grants and acts as a channel for many gifts and bequests, as well as lobbying on behalf of museums and galleries and their users. It relies on members' subscriptions and public donations for funds and does not receive funding from the government or the National Lottery.

Since its foundation in 1903 the Fund has been involved in the acquisition of over 860,000 works of art of every kind, including many of the most famous objects in British public collections, such as Velázquez's Rokeby Venus in the National Gallery, Picasso's Weeping Woman in the Tate collection, the Anglo-Saxon Staffordshire Hoard in Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and the medieval Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant in the British Museum.
Big Scrub
The Big Scrub was one of  the largest areas (75,000 ha) of lowland subtropical rainforest in eastern Australia. It was intensively cleared for agricultural use in the 19th century (1801–1900) by settlers. By the late 19th century less than 1% remained and since then, the native forest area has almost doubled to 2%.

Located on the North Coast of New South Wales, between what is now the towns of Byron Bay (east) and Lismore (west), the core Big Scrub area consisted of an estimated 900 square kilometres of subtropical rainforest. It primarily grows on fertile basalt and floodplain derived soils.

Australian Geographer
Australian Geographer (The Australian Geographer until 1975) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Geographical Society of New South Wales since August 1928. Covering all aspects of Australian geography, it is currently copublished with Taylor & Francis.
Abdul Aziz Wains
Abdul Aziz Wains (born 1 January 1932) is a Pakistani former sports shooter. He competed in the 300 metre rifle, three positions event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He advanced from the qualifying round to the final.

Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
The men's 300 m rifle three positions was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighth appearance of the event at an Olympic Games. The competition was held on 3 and 5 September 1960, with 39 shooters from 22 nations competing. Nations had been limited to two shooters each since the 1952 Games. The event was won by Hubert Hammerer in Austria's debut in the event. Hans Rudolf Spillmann of Switzerland took silver. Soviet Vasily Borisov was the second man to win two medals in the event, adding a bronze to his 1956 gold.
Eleanor de Braose
Eleanor de Braose (c. 1228–1251) was a Cambro-Norman noblewoman and a wealthy co-heiress of her father, who was the powerful Marcher lord William de Braose, and of her mother, Eva Marshal, a co-heiress of the Earls of Pembroke. Her husband was Humphrey de Bohun, heir of the 2nd Earl of Hereford, by whom she had children, including Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Gilbert de Bohun.

Cambro-Normans
Cambro-Normans (Latin: Cambria; "Wales", Welsh: Normaniaid Cymreig; Norman: Nouormands Galles) were Normans who settled in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches after the Norman invasion of Wales. Cambro-Norman knights were also the leading force in the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland, led by Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1170.
Guryevsky (rural locality)
Guryevsky (Russian: Гурьевский; masculine), Guryevskaya (Гурьевская; feminine), or Guryevskoye (Гурьевское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Guryevskaya, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Lyakhovsky Selsoviet of Krasnoborsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Guryevskaya, Vologda Oblast, a village in Nizhneslobodsky Selsoviet of Vozhegodsky District of Vologda Oblast

Krasnoborsky District
Krasnoborsky District (Russian: Краснобо́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnoborsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District in the north, Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the northeast, Lensky District in the east, Kotlassky District in the south, and with Ustyansky District in the west. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoborsk. District's population:  13,815 (2010 Census); 17,144 (2002 Census); 20,491 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnoborsk accounts for 34.5% of the district's total population.
Samuel Fröler
Per Samuel Fröler (born 24 March 1957) is a Swedish actor. His break-through was in the TV series Tre Kärlekar in 1989. He played the protagonist in the drama series Skärgårdsdoktorn, and has also acted in several films. At the 28th Guldbagge Awards he was nominated for the Best Actor award for his role in The Best Intentions.

Fröler did the voice of Shrek when Shrek 2 was dubbed into Swedish. He also had a part in the American film Octane in 2003. He played one of the leading roles in the 2010 film Pure.

Shrek (character)
Shrek is a fictional ogre character created by American author William Steig. Shrek is the protagonist of the book of the same name and a series of films by DreamWorks Animation, as well as a musical. The name "Shrek" is a romanization of the Yiddish word שרעק (shrek), or שרעקלעך (shreklekh), related to the German Schreck and meaning "fear" or "fright". In the films, Shrek was voiced by Mike Myers, and in the musical he was played principally by Brian d'Arcy James. On May 21, 2010, Shrek received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles. In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years", placing 15th.