hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ospitaletto–Travagliato railway station
Ospitaletto–Travagliato (Italian: Stazione di Ospitaletto–Travagliato) is a railway station serving the towns of Ospitaletto and  Travagliato, in the region of Lombardy, northern Italy. The station is located on the Milan–Venice railway and Bergamo–Brescia railway. The train services are operated by Trenord.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Tomaševac
Tomaševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Томашевац; Hungarian: Tamáslaka) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (92.12%) and its population numbering 1,765 people (2002 census).

Central Banat District
The Central Banat District (Serbian: Средњобанатски округ, romanized: Srednjobanatski okrug, pronounced [srêdɲoːbǎnaːtskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical region of Banat. According to the 2022 census, the Central Banat District has a population of 157,711 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Zrenjanin.
Eugen Mühlberger
Eugen Mühlberger (30 August 1902 – 1 August 1944 or 1943) was a German weightlifter, who competed in the featherweight category and represented Germany at international competitions.  He won German national championships in 1925–27, 1929, 1930 and 1932.  He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics, where he placed 11th among 21 competitors. Mühlberger set the world record in the featherweight category in the snatch, lifting 93 kg on 18 March 1929 in Hamburg. He won the European Weightlifting Championships in 1930, placed second the following year, held the world record in his division in 1931, but did not attend the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.

Mühlberger died during the Second World War in August 1944 having been missing in action while fighting on the eastern front in the Soviet Union.

European Weightlifting Championships
European Weightlifting Championships is an annual event organised by the European Weightlifting Federation (EWF). It has been held since 1896. A separate event for women was held from 1988 to 1997, after which both championships have been held as one event.
Ian Loveland
Ian Loveland (born September 7, 1983) is an American professional mixed martial arts fighter. Loveland has fought for promotions such as King of the Cage, International Fight League, and the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

International Fight League
The International Fight League was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion billed as the world's first MMA league. It was founded on January 7, 2006, and closed on July 31, 2008. Instead of the established norm for MMA events, where matchups are strictly one-on-one affairs, each IFL card was a showdown between two camps of at least three fighters, each fighter fighting one match against another in the opposing camps.
Straight (album)
Shout It Out is the debut studio album by German recording artist Tobias Regner. It was released by Sony BMG in association with 19 Recordings on April 28, 2006, in German-speaking Europe, following his participation in the third season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar, which he won.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Abdel Khaliq Mahjub
Abdel Khaliq Mahjub (Arabic: عبد الخالق محجوب, romanized: ʿAbd al-Khāliq Maḥjūb) (23 September 1927 – 28 July 1971) was a Sudanese communist politician.

Mahjub was born in Omdurman. He served as the General Secretary of the Sudanese Communist Party until his death by execution in Khartum during the Gaafar Nimeiry regime. Following his execution Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud became the leader of the party.

Omdurman
Omdurman (Arabic: أُمّ دُرمان, romanized: Umm Durmān) is a major city in Sudan. It is the second most populous city in the country, located in the State of Khartoum. Omdurman lies on the west bank of the River Nile, opposite and northwest of the capital city of Khartoum. The city acts as an important road hub, with the Nile boosting transportation even further.
Fannrem concentration camp
Fannrem concentration camp (Norwegian: Fannrem fangeleir) was a concentration camp that was located at Fannrem in the old Orkdal Municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway (now part of Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county). It was established as an annex to the Grini concentration camp by the Nazi authorities in Norway in October 1944 and lasted until the end of the war.

The camp consisted of military barracks that held between 6 and 20 prisoners who were kept very isolated. Up to 200 prisoners were in the camp at one time. The prisoners were engaged in hard labor while at Fannrem.  Prisoners were put to work as slave labor on the Thamshavn Line railroad.

Sør-Trøndelag
Sør-Trøndelag (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsø̂ːˌʈrœndəlɑːɡ] ⓘ; lit. 'South Trøndelag') was a county comprising the southern portion of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. It bordered the old Nord-Trøndelag (lit. 'North Trøndelag') county as well as the counties of Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Hedmark. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean), and to the east is Jämtland in Sweden. The county was separated into a northern and southern part by the Trondheimsfjorden. Slightly over 200,000 of the county's population (or around 55%) lives in the city of Trondheim and its suburbs. The Norwegian dialect of the region is Trøndersk.

The region was divided into two administrative counties in 1804. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county, which became effective 1 January 2018.
Derivative algebra (abstract algebra)
In abstract algebra, a derivative algebra is an algebraic structure of the signature

<A, ·, +, ', 0, 1, D>

where

<A, ·, +, ', 0, 1>

is a Boolean algebra and D is a unary operator, the derivative operator, satisfying the identities:

0D = 0

xDD ≤ x + xD

(x + y)D = xD + yD.

xD is called the derivative of x. Derivative algebras provide an algebraic abstraction of the derived set operator in topology. They also play the same role for the modal logic wK4 = K + (p∧□p → □□p) that Boolean algebras play for ordinary propositional logic.

Unary operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to binary operations, which use two operands. An example is any function ⁠⁠, where A is a set; the function ⁠⁠ is a unary operation on A.

Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial n!), functional notation (e.g. sin x or sin(x)), and superscripts (e.g. transpose AT). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument.
Les Houches station
Les Houches station (French: Gare des Houches) is a railway station in the commune of Les Houches, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine line of SNCF.

Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway
The Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway (French: Ligne de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet à Vallorcine), also known as the Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine Line, is a single-track 36.5 km (22.7 mi) long metre gauge railway in France connecting the SNCF's Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet station with Vallorcine station and the border with Switzerland (Le Châtelard) through Chamonix. Opened in stages between 1901 and 1908 by the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM), it is part of the main SNCF network as far as Vallorcine. To Le Châtelard (3 km or 1.86 mi) is run by the Swiss company Transports de Martigny et Régions (TMR), which also operates the Martigny–Châtelard Railway.
Paul Stetsenko
Paul T. Stetsenko (born 1962) is a Ukrainian-born organist, choral conductor, and composer of church music.

Stetsenko, the son of an architect and a painter, always wished that he could be an organist, growing up in Kyiv, Ukraine.  He studied choral conducting at the Rheingold M. Glière Music College, and later piano at the Kyiv Conservatory, where he earned a master of music degree cum laude in 1989.  In 1990 he moved to New York City to study organ and church music at The Juilliard School.  After completing his master's degree in organ, Stetsenko then earned a Doctor of Musical Arts degree from The Juilliard School in 2000.  His teachers include John B. Weaver (organ), Leonid Shulman (conducting), Olga Orlova (piano), and Liudmila Kasyanenko (piano).

In 2009–2011, Paul Stetsenko performed the complete organ works of J. S. Bach as part of Bach Vespers at Westminster, in Alexandria, Virginia.

Ukrainian National Academy of Music
The Ukrainian National Academy of Music (Ukrainian: Національна музична академія України, romanized: Natsionalna muzychna akademiia Ukrainy), is a national music tertiary academy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Its courses include postgraduate education.

From 1940 until December 2025 the conservatory was named Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music (Ukrainian: Національна музична академія України імені П. Чайковського, romanized: Natsionalna muzychna akademiia Ukrainy imeni P. Chaikovskoho). On 30 December 2025 the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine removed the name of the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky from the name of the institution. Formerly it went by the name Kyiv Conservatory.
Dalit Lahav-Durst
Dalit L. Durst (Hebrew: דלית להב-דורסט; born 1956 as Dalit Lahav) is an author, translator, curator and art historian of both Israeli and French nationalities. Former chief curator at the M.T. Abraham Foundation and head of the Cultural Exchange and Academic Department at the Hermitage Foundation Israel, she has curated exhibitions in Europe (Greece, Bulgaria, Croatia), dedicated to the sculpture of Edgar Degas. In December 2013 she co-curated the exhibition "Edgar Degas: Figures in Motion" at The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2016 she curated an exhibition of Degas' 74 bronze sculptures at MGM Art Space in Macau. Lahav-Durst works with a broad range of artists. Fluent in multiple languages, she has co-authored and translated over 15 books.

The Immortal (short story)
"The Immortal" (original Spanish title: "El inmortal") is a short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, first published in February 1947, and later in the collection El Aleph in 1949. The story tells about a character who mistakenly achieves immortality and then, weary of a long life, struggles to lose it and writes an account of his experiences. The story consists of a quote, an introduction, five chapters, and a postscript. "The Immortal" has been described as "the culmination of Borges' art" by critic Ronald J. Christ.
2004–05 National First Division
The 2004–05 National First Division (known as the Mvela Golden League for sponsorship reasons) was the 9th season of the National First Division, the second tier of South African soccer.

Under the new sponsor, the two streams, Coastal and Inland, were merged into a single national league.

The champions were Free State Stars, who were promoted to the South African Premier Division. Tembisa Classic also earned promotion, after winning the playoffs.

Four clubs were relegated, as the following 2005–06 National First Division was reduced from 18 to 16 teams.

Basotho Tigers were renamed North-West Tigers, moving to Vryburg from Kimberley and after another change of ownership, to Johannesburg.

National First Division
The National First Division, officially known as the Motsepe Foundation Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest league of South African  football after the South African Premiership. Both the South African Championship and South African Premiership are organised by the Premier Soccer League.
Gianserio Strafella
Gianserio Strafella (Copertino, ca. 1520–1573, according to some sources; 1506–1577, according to others) was an Italian Mannerist painter active mainly in Salento.  His work may be seen in the chapel of Copertino Castle and the Basilica di Santa Croce in Lecce.

Strafella was an apprentice of Michelangelo, whose style and skill could not only match his teacher and Raphael, but also the ancient Greek painters Apelles and Zeuxis. Strafella learned from the works of Michelangelo to use perspective to better depict reality, he put this technique to full use in his paintings. The art critic Cosimo De Giorgi in 1882 defines him as "one of the few truly eminent painters of Terra di Otranto."

Salento
Salento (Italian: [saˈlɛnto]; Salentino: Salentu; Salento Griko: Σαλέντο) is a cultural, historical, and geographic region at the southern end of the administrative region of Apulia, in southern Italy. It is a sub-peninsula of the Italian Peninsula, sometimes described as the "heel" of the Italian "boot". It encompasses the entire administrative area of the Province of Lecce, most of the Province of Brindisi (all of it except Fasano, Ostuni and Cisternino), and the south-eastern part of the Province of Taranto (like Grottaglie and Avetrana, but not Taranto itself).
Shimul Javeri Kadri
Shimul Javeri Kadri is an Indian architect who is the founder of SJK Architects, an architectural firm in the city of Mumbai, India.

It has won multiple international & national awards including the Prix Versailles Award (2016) and the World Architecture Festival Award (2012). It has also been named one of Architectural Digest's Top 100 (AD 100) and Top 50 (AD50) that features the most influential architects and interior designers in India. Kadri has a philosophy of building in harmony with nature—using natural elements, sunlight, wind, natural materials, and cultural contexts.

Her projects include museums, hotels, office and industrial buildings, educational institutions, and bungalows.

World Architecture Festival
The World Architecture Festival (WAF) is an architectural and design event held annually and considered to be one of the most prestigious events dedicated to the architecture and development industries. It was founded by Paul Finch and Jeremy Melvin for the purpose of showcasing and exhibiting architectural projects and is the world's largest annual architectural event. It is the only architecture festival that combines a live–judged awards programme, where shortlisted architects present their projects live in crit rooms to a judging panel, with seminars and networking events. One of these projects is then awarded the 'World Building of the Year' title.
Shah Baharo
Shah Baharo (Sindhi: شاهہ بهارو‎) was a warrior, a military commander of Kalhora dynasty of Sindh, now a province of Pakistan, during the monarchy of Noor Mohammad Kalhoro and Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro. He also remained minister of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro.  it is as well mentioned that he had been appointed as administrator by Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro. He fought 84 battles in his lifetime. He had dug many canals for irrigation purposes and also constructed forts. He died in 1188 H, 1735 AD and over his burial place the tomb was built by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1773/74 AD. The fresco paintings adorn the inner and outer walls of the tomb but now became dim. His tomb is located in Larkana city, Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan.

Larkana District
Larkana District (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ضلعو; Urdu: ضلع لاڑکانہ) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Its largest city is Larkana, which sits on the banks of the Indus River.

Other towns in the district include Ratodero, Dokri, Bakrani, and Naodero.  In 2005, the Government of Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf bifurcated the district, forming a new district called Qamber and Shahdadkot, with the two towns of Qambar Khan and Shahdadkot.
Henry Howard (Georgia politician)
Henry Howard (September 1, 1955 – October 13, 2022) was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 124th District, serving since 2019 as a member of the Democratic Party. Howard served as a member of the Appropriations, Education, Health & Services, Juvenile Justice, and Motor Vehicles committees.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Dược Sĩ Tiến
Phạm Minh Hữu Tiến (born 12 April 1989), known as Dược Sĩ Tiến is a Vietnamese pharmacist, entrepreneur, and television producer. He graduated valedictorian from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy and transitioned from academia to become a prominent figure in Vietnam's entertainment industry, founding multiple business ventures spanning cosmetics manufacturing, television production, and beauty pageant organization.

Demographics of Vietnam
Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic Vietnamese, or the Viet people (known officially as Kinh), mostly live in the lowlands and speak Vietnamese, while other ethnic groups also speak a variety of languages; together, these communities contribute to the country's diverse demographic composition. Originating in northern Vietnam, the Viet gradually pushed southward and make up much of Vietnam's political landscape. A Vietnamese diaspora can also be found worldwide.

Vietnam's population reached just over 100 million in 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.
Kanhaiya Baniya
Kanhaiya Baniya (Nepali: कन्हैया बनिया) is a Nepalese politician belonging to the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal. He is also a member of Lumbini Provincial Assembly for Rupandehi 4(A).

Baniya is deputy leader of the party in provincial assembly.

Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal
The Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal (Nepali: लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, lit. 'Democratic Socialist Party') is a former political party in Nepal. The party had a significant presence in Madhesh Province and Lumbini Province of Nepal. The party's election symbol was bicycle. The party later merged into People's Socialist Party, Nepal on 11 January 2025.

The party was officially registered with the Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021. Mahantha Thakur is the president of the new party. As of August 2022, the party shares an alliance with Nepali Congress.
Courtet
Courtet is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Émile Cohl (1857–1938), French caricaturist, cartoonist, and animator

Gaëtan Courtet (born 1989), French footballer

Guillaume Courtet (1589–1637), French Dominican priest

Guillaume Courtet
Guillaume Courtet, O.P. (1589–1637) was a French Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and missionary. One of the first Frenchman to have visited Japan, he died as a martyr by beheading in Nagasaki at the hands of the Tokugawa Shogunate  on Michaelmas Day 1637 after three days continuous torture. He was canonised by Pope John Paul II in 1987 as one of the 16 Martyrs of Japan. He is celebrated annually on the September 28th as one of the 16 and on November 6th as one of the Thomasian Martyrs.
Nasamones
The Nasamones (Ancient Greek: Νασαμῶνες) mentioned by Herodotus (c. 484–425 BCE), were a nomadic Berber tribe inhabiting the coastal region of the Gulf of Sirte and traveling inland to the oasis of Augila where men lived around a spring of water and migrated at fixed seasons each year. During the summer, they left their flocks by the sea and journeyed to Augila to gather dates from the palm trees where they grew in great abundance. They also hunted locusts, which they dried in the sun, ground into powder, and sprinkled into milk to drink. They were believed to be a Numidian people.

Gulf of Sidra
The Gulf of Sidra (Arabic: خليج السدرة, romanized: Khalij as-Sidra), also known as the Gulf of Sirte (Arabic: خليج سرت, romanized: Khalij Surt), is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya, named after the oil port of Sidra or the city of Sirte. It was also historically known as the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis (Latin: Syrtis Major; Ancient Greek: Σύρτις μεγάλη; contrasting with Syrtis Minor on the coast of Tunisia).
Paul Graebner
Carl Otto Robert Peter Paul Graebner (29 June 1871 in  Aplerbeck – 6 February 1933 in Berlin) was a German botanist.

In 1895 he obtained his doctorate in Berlin, successively working as an assistant and then as curator (1904) at the botanical gardens. During the 1890s he performed botanical investigations in Jerichower Land and Vorharz with Paul Ascherson (1834–1913).

He later became a professor at the Botanical Garden and Museum in Berlin-Dahlem, from where he conducted floristic and phytogeographical research.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
East Springfield Union School
East Springfield Union School, also known as Springfield Central School, is a historic school building located at East Springfield in Otsego County, New York. It was built in two stages, starting in 1909.  The original front section is a two-story, "T" plan, cross gabled Neoclassical style building executed in rusticated concrete block and set on a half raised basement. The rear portion is a single story utilitarian concrete block structure built in 1936. The main facade includes a protruding, full height central gable, its pediment featuring an Adamesque lunette window, fishscale slates, and a heavy wood cornice.  The school closed in 1989.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.