hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dent & Co.
Dent & Co. or Dent's was one of the wealthiest British merchant firms, or hongs, active in China during the 19th century. A direct rival to Jardine, Matheson & Co, together with Russell & Co., these three companies are recognised as the original Canton hongs active in early colonial Hong Kong.

Supercargo
A supercargo (from Italian sopracargo
or from Spanish sobrecargo) is a person employed on board a vessel by the owner of cargo carried on a ship. The duties of a supercargo are defined by admiralty law and include managing the cargo owner's trade, selling the merchandise in ports to which the vessel is sailing, and buying and receiving goods to be carried on the return voyage.

The supercargo has control of the cargo unless limited by other contracts or agreements.  For instance, the supercargo has no authority over the stevedores, and has no role in the necessary preparatory work prior to the handling of cargo. Sailing as they do from port to port with the vessel to which they are attached, supercargos differ from factors, who have a fixed place of residence at a port or other trading place.
Joaquim de Sousa Andrade
Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, better known by his pseudonym Sousândrade (July 9, 1833 – April 20, 1902), was a Brazilian poet, adept of the "Condorist" movement. His poetry, exceedingly innovative for the time it was published, is now considered an early example of Symbolism and Modernism in Brazil.

He also designed the flag of the Brazilian State of Maranhão.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
August Derleth Award
The August Derleth Award is one of the British Fantasy Awards bestowed annually by the British Fantasy Society.  The award is named after the American writer and editor August Derleth. It was inaugurated in 1972 for the best novel of the year, was not awarded in 2011, and was resumed in 2012 for the best horror novel of the year.

Adam Nevill
Adam Nevill (also known as Adam LG Nevill) is an English writer of supernatural horror, known for his book The Ritual. Prior to becoming a full-time author, Nevill worked as an editor.

After publishing several novels through Pan Macmillan and St. Martin's Press, Nevill chose to self-publish his 2019 novel, The Reddening. Nevill stated that his reasons were both financial and creative, as he wanted more freedom in how he could market and package his works. The novel was published under his imprint, Ritual Limited, which he created in 2016.
Intonation (linguistics)
In linguistics, intonation is the variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French?" is interpreted as a yes-or-no question when it is uttered with a single rising intonation contour, but is interpreted as an alternative question when uttered with a rising contour on "Spanish" and a falling contour on "French". Although intonation is primarily a matter of pitch variation, its effects almost always work hand-in-hand with other prosodic features. Intonation is distinct from tone, the phenomenon where pitch is used to distinguish words (as in Mandarin) or to mark grammatical features (as in Kinyarwanda).

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
De Finetti
de Finetti usually refers to the Italian statistician Bruno de Finetti, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability. His works include:

de Finetti's theorem, which explains why exchangeable observations are conditionally independent given some (usually) unobservable quantity

de Finetti diagram, used to graph the genotype frequencies of populations

De Finetti diagram
A de Finetti diagram is a ternary plot used in population genetics. It is named after the Italian statistician Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) and is used to graph the genotype frequencies of populations, where there are two alleles and the population is diploid. It is based on an equilateral triangle, and Viviani's theorem: the sum of the perpendicular distances from any interior point to the sides of said triangle is a constant equal to the length of the triangle's altitude.
Vezo dialect
Vezo is a dialect of Malagasy spoken by Vezo in the provinces of Mahajanga and Toliara. It is among southern dialects of Malagasy along with Southern Sakalava, Masikoro, Tandroy, Mahafaly,Bara and Tanosy.

Toliara Province
The Toliara Province (formerly Toliary or Tuléar) is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 161,405 square kilometres (62,319 sq mi). It had a population of 2,229,550 (July, 2001). Its capital was Toliara. Near Toliara was the "spiny forest". Toliara Province bordered the following provinces – Mahajanga Province in the north, Antananarivo Province in the northeast and Fianarantsoa Province in the east.
Stegodyphus
Stegodyphus is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1873. They are distributed from Africa to Europe and Asia, with one species (S. manaus) found in Brazil. The name is derived from Ancient Greek στέγω (stegos), meaning "covered".

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate
Deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP), also known as desoxycorticosterone trimethyl acetate (DOC-TMA or DCT) and sold under the brand names Zycortal, Percorten V, and Percorten M, is a mineralocorticoid medication and a mineralocorticoid ester. It is formulated as a microcrystalline aqueous suspension, is administered by intramuscular injection at regular intervals, and has a prolonged duration of action. The medication is the C21 pivalate (trimethylacetate) ester of 11-deoxycorticosterone.

Pivalic acid
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odoriferous organic compound is solid at room temperature. Two abbreviations for pivalic acid are t-BuC(O)OH and PivOH. The pivalyl or pivaloyl group is abbreviated t-BuC(O).

Pivalic acid is an isomer of valeric acid, the other two isomers of it are 2-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid.
George Schneiderman
George Schneiderman (September 20, 1894 – November 19, 1964) was an American cinematographer. He was employed on more than 80 productions during his career, and he is known for his work for the Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Lorraine Ryan
Lorraine Ryan is a camogie player, winner of an All Star award in 2011, a member of the Galway team which contested the 2010 and 2011 All Ireland finals and a member of the Team of the Championship for 2011.

She is a teacher at Coláiste Bhaile Chláir in Claregalway.

Claregalway
Baile Chláir or Baile Chláir na Gaillimhe (anglicised Claregalway) is a Gaeltacht village about 10 km north of Galway city in County Galway, Ireland. Claregalway was founded on the banks of the River Clare, hence the derivation of its name: Baile Chláir na Gaillimhe meaning "town on the Clare, in Galway". Claregalway lies within a Gaeltacht (Irish speaking) area and most locals traditionally spoke English only as a second language. The village is in a civil parish and barony of the same name.
TV Clube (Teresina)
TV Clube (channel 4, also known as Rede Clube) is a Brazilian television station based in Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí, Brazil affiliated with TV Globo. It was founded on December 3, 1972, by engineer and professor Valter Alencar, being the first TV station in said state. It is the flagship broadcast station of locally based Sistema Clube de Comunicacão, which also includes radio stations FM Clube and Clube News. The station broadcasts its programming for 93 municipalities alongside sister station TV Alvorada in Floriano.

Floriano, Piauí
Floriano (locally [flʌɾiɐ̃nu]) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Piauí.
It was founded by the Arabs and Syrians. It is situated in the physiographic zone of the Médio Parnaíba, on the right side of the Parnaíba River, in front of the city of Barão de Grajaú, in the Maranhão. It is also intersected by the rivers Gurguéia and Itaueira.
Cecidophyes rouhollahi
Cecidophyes rouhollahi is a species of mite in the genus Cecidophyes. It is a plant parasite, or gall, found on cleaver (Galium aparine) and can be a potential biological control agent for false cleavers (Galium spurium), which is a noxious weed in many places.

Mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari. However, most recent genetic analyses do not recover the two as each other's closest relative within Arachnida, rendering the group invalid as a clade. Most mites are tiny, less than 1 mm (0.04 in) in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others are predators or parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive Varroa parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases.

The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology.
Begbrook
Begbrook is a suburb of Bristol, between Stapleton and Frenchay, just north-west of the River Frome. It is named after the eponymous stream, which is a tributary of the River Frome. It is in the Frome Vale electoral ward of Bristol.

Begbrook Green Park and Begbrook Primary Academy are in the area.

The small Frenchay Village Museum is in Begbrook Green Park, bordering Frenchay.

River Frome, Bristol
The Frome /ˈfruːm/, historically the Froom, is a river that rises in Dodington Park, South Gloucestershire and flows southwesterly through Bristol to join the river Avon. It is approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, and the mean flow at Frenchay is 60 cubic feet per second (1.7 m3/s). The name Frome is shared with several other rivers in South West England and means 'fair, fine, brisk'. The river is known locally in east Bristol as the Danny.

As with many urban rivers, the Frome has suffered from pollution, but several stretches run through parks and reserves that sustain a range of wildlife. The river's power was harnessed by many watermills, and the river mouth area was developed as shipyards by the eighteenth century. As the city of Bristol developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, flooding became a major problem, remedied by the construction of storm drains and diversions.
Robeson Community College
Robeson Community College (RCC) is a public community college in Lumberton, North Carolina. As of Fall 2018, 1,671 students were enrolled at RCC. It is part of the North Carolina Community College System.

North Carolina Community College System
The North Carolina Community College System (System Office) is a statewide network of 58 public community colleges. The system enrolls nearly 600,000 students annually. It also provides the North Carolina Learning Object Repository as a central location to manage, collect, contribute, and share digital learning resources for use in traditional or distance-learning environments.
Joaquín Costa
Joaquín Costa (September 14, 1846, Monzón, Huesca Province – February 8, 1911, Graus, Huesca Province) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian.

The son of an Aragonese farmer and his first wife, Costa was self-educated and campaigned to end what he considered to be Spanish backwardness. He desired to start a movement that would force politicians to embark on a program of educational, social, and economic reform.

According to Raymond Carr his ideas, known as 'Regenerationism' (scientific study of Spain's decline as a nation), rose to greater prominence in the aftermath of Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War.

Raymond Carr
Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr FBA FRHistS FRSL (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015) was an English historian specialising in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. From 1968 to 1987, he was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford.
2013 Catalunya GP2 Series round
The 2013 Catalunya GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain on 11 and 12 May 2013 as the fourth round of the 2013 GP2 Series season. The race was used to support the 2013 Spanish Grand Prix.

Robin Frijns took his—and team Hilmer Motorsports'—maiden GP2 Series victory in the feature race, ahead of Felipe Nasr. Stefano Coletti took his second race win of the season in the sprint race, beating Frijns by six-tenths of a second and further secured his championship lead with the result.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
Debs Consolidated School
Debs Consolidated School, also called District School No. 132, is a historic rural schoolhouse in Debs, Beltrami County, Minnesota United States. The school held classes for both upper and lower grades until the 1940s. The upper grade students were then transported to a high school in nearby Bemidji, Minnesota. The school continued to hold classes for lower grades until 1970. It was then purchased by a private individual and remodeled into a summer home. Its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places noted its unusual wooden Neoclassical façade.

Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji (/bəˈmɪdʒiː/ bə-MIJ-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Beltrami County, in northern Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,574 at the 2020 census. According to 2022 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,946, making it the largest commercial center between Grand Forks, North Dakota and Duluth.

As a central city for three Indian reservations, Bemidji is the site of many Native American services, including the Indian Health Service. Near Bemidji are the Red Lake Indian Reservation, White Earth Indian Reservation, and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Bemidji lies on the southwest shore of Lake Bemidji, the northernmost lake feeding the Mississippi River; it is nicknamed "The First City on the Mississippi". Bemidji is also the self-proclaimed "curling capital" of the U.S. and the alleged birthplace of legendary Paul Bunyan.
Antarctotrechus
Antarctotrechus balli is extinct species of ground beetle known from the Miocene Meyer Desert Formation of Antarctica, the only species of the genus Antarctotrechus. It belongs to the tribe Trechini, and appears to be closely related to South American and Australian trechines. It was less than a centimeter long, with dark brown elytra, which are the only known parts of the animal. It is thought to have lived in a tundra environment, which included Nothofagus prostrate shrubs, Ranunculus (buttercups) and moss that grew around the banks of a stream on the outwash plain at the head of a fjord.

Nothofagus
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America.
Hoda (surname)
Hoda is a surname (alternate spellings include Houda and Huda). Notable people with that name include:

Jamileh Alam al-Hoda, wife of President of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi

Mansur Hoda (1930–2001), Indian Technologist

Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh, Iranian writer

Sayyid Ahmad al-Hoda, Iranian cleric

Seyed Abdol Javad al-Hoda, Iranian cleric

Surur Hoda (1928–2003) Indian politician

Syed A. Hoda, American-Pakistani academic

Jamileh Alamolhoda
Jamileh-Sadat Alamolhoda (Persian: جمیله‌سادات علم‌الهدی; born 1965), commonly known as Jamileh Alamolhoda (Persian: جمیله علم‌الهدی), is an Iranian writer and scholar. She is the widow of Ebrahim Raisi, who was the President of Iran from 2021 until his death in a helicopter crash in 2024.
Parish of Olney (King County)
Olney Parish, New South Wales is a civil parish of King County, New South Wales.

The  parish is at 34°31′54″S 148°52′04″E﻿ / ﻿34.53167°S 148.86778°E﻿ / -34.53167; 148.86778 in the Hilltops Council and the only town in the parish is Rye Park.

King County, New South Wales
King County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It is in the area to the east of Yass. The northern part of it lies between the Lachlan River and the Boorowa River, including the locations of Frogmore, Taylors Flat, Gunnary, Rugby and Rye Park. The Crookwell River is also part of the northern boundary. The Yass River is the southern boundary.

King County was named in honour of Governor Philip Gidley King (1758–1808).
Wild Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Wild Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Sargent County, North Dakota.  It is managed under Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge.

This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access although wildlife may be observed from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Nahum Sokolow
Nahum ben Joseph Samuel Sokolow (Hebrew: נחום ט' סוקולוב Nachum ben Yosef Shmuel Soqolov, Yiddish: סאָקאָלאָוו; 10 January 1859 – 17 May 1936) was a Jewish-Polish writer, translator, and journalist, the fifth President of the World Zionist Organization, editor of Ha-Tsfira, researcher, Zionist leader and statesman.

Jules Cambon
Jules-Martin Cambon (5 April 1845 – 19 September 1935) was a French diplomat and brother of Paul Cambon. As the ambassador to Germany (1907–1914), he worked hard to secure a friendly détente. He was frustrated by French leaders such as Raymond Poincaré, who decided that Berlin was trying to weaken the Triple Entente of France, Russia and Britain and was not sincere in seeking peace. The French consensus was that war was inevitable.
Roberto Carmona
Roberto Carmona Alba (born 17 September 1969) is a Mexican hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1988 Summer Olympics. His personal best in the 110 metres hurdles is 13.81, which he did in 1988.

Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea had an entry list of 43 competitors from 31 nations, with six qualifying heats (43 runners), four second-round races (32) and two semifinals (16) before the final (8) took place on Monday September 26, 1988. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Roger Kingdom of the United States, the second man to successfully defend Olympic gold in the event (Lee Calhoun, 1956 and 1960). It was the nation's 17th title in the event. Colin Jackson's silver was Great Britain's first medal in the event since 1936.