hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four Days of Ghent
The Four Days of Ghent (Dutch: Vier Dagen van Gent, French: Quatre Journées de Gand) refers to a battle in Ghent, the capital of Flanders, 13–16 November 1789, in which the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor was driven out of the city. It was a crucial event during the Brabant Revolution: the Patriots received a major boost by taking this first large city, and the authority of the Austrian Netherlands was beginning to disintegrate. Within two weeks, the Treaty of Union was drafted, which established the independent republic of the United Belgian States on 11 January 1790. On 4 January 1790, Flanders declared its independence from the Habsburg monarchy by the Manifesto of the Province of Flanders.

Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor
Imperial Army (Latin: Exercitus Imperatoris, German: Kaiserliche Armee) or Imperial troops (Kaiserliche Truppen or Kaiserliche) was a name used for several centuries, especially to describe soldiers recruited for, and under the command of the Holy Roman Emperor themself, during the early modern period. The Imperial Army of the Emperor should not be confused with the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Exercitus Imperii (Romani), Reichsarmee, Armée du Saint-Empire), which could only be deployed with the consent of the Imperial Diet. Imperial units effectively became a standing army of troops under the Habsburg Emperors from the House of Austria, which is why they were also increasingly described in the 18th century as "Austrians", although its troops were recruited not just from the Archduchy of Austria but from all over the Holy Roman Empire.
2025–26 Polish Men's Volleyball Cup
The 2025–26 Polish Cup was the 69th edition of the Polish Volleyball Cup tournament.

Bogdanka LUK Lublin, the reigning Polish Champions beat Asseco Resovia in the final, and won their maiden Polish Cup. Kewin Sasak was named MVP of the finals.

LKPS Lublin
LKPS Lublin, officially known for sponsorship reasons as Bogdanka LUK Lublin, is a professional men's volleyball club based in Lublin in eastern Poland, founded in 2013. The club has been promoted to the top flight of  Polish volleyball, PlusLiga in 2021.
Enginköy, Mazıdağı
Enginköy (Kurdish: Ziznê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dimilî tribe and had a population of 162 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
TrueDelta
TrueDelta.com is a car information site that claims over 106100 registered members as of June 2019 and more than 130,000 registered cars.  The site focuses on the reporting of automobile reliability and gas mileage, and also contains vehicle pricing and comparison information.  The site utilizes its membership base to gather data and report on each registered/owned vehicle monthly with data published quarterly.

The Truth About Cars
The Truth About Cars (TTAC) is a blog covering automobiles, automotive products and the auto industry, begun in 2002 featuring a mix of automotive reviews, editorials and news. It was home to the annual Ten Worst Automobiles awards, which are nominated and selected by the readers. It also featured multiple series predicting the demise of US automakers, namely GM and Ford "Death Watch" and Chrysler "Suicide Watch" series.
Wagaya language
Wagaya (Wakaya) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Yindjilandji (Indjilandji) may have been a separate language. The linguist Gavan Breen recorded two dialects of the language, an Eastern and a Western variety, incorporating their description in his 1974 grammar.

Gavan Breen
Gavan Breen (22 January 1935 – 5 October 2023) AO, also known as J. G. Breen, was an Australian linguist, specialising in the description of Australian Aboriginal languages. He studied and recorded 49 such languages.
IL Norna-Salhus
Idrettslaget Norna-Salhus is a Norwegian athletics club from Salhus in Åsane, Bergen

It was founded on 14 October 1935. The club originally had an association football section as well, but it split away in 1987 to form FK Bergen Nord.

Since this split Norna-Salhus gradually rose to prominence in national athletics, especially within the jumping section. Triple jumpers Sigurd Njerve and Ketill Hanstveit established Norwegian records. Other athletes such as decathlete Benjamin Jensen, race walkers Kjersti Plätzer and Erik Tysse, hammer thrower Mona Holm, and jumper Oda Utsi Onstad have later joined Norna-Salhus.

Erik Tysse
Erik Tysse (born 4 December 1980) is a Norwegian race walker. He has competed at four editions of the World Championships in Athletics and represented Norway at the 2008 Summer Olympics and at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Stenotrema
Stenotrema is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Polygyridae. Members of this genus are known as slitmouths. These are typically small to medium-sized snails, with a velvety or hairy shell surface, and a narrow aperture which is usually closely guarded by well-developed "teeth".

Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug).

Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group.
USS Fair American
USS Fair American was a United States Navy schooner which served in the War of 1812, taking part in several engagements on Lake Ontario.

The vessel was bought in October 1812 at Oswego, New York, from Jacob Townsend, and was based along with the rest of her squadron at Sackets Harbor, New York, during the winter of 1812–1813 under the command of Lieutenant Isaac Chauncey, after which she supported land operations around Lake Ontario, including the landing of General Henry Dearborn's force of 1,700 troops resulting in the capture of York (now Toronto) on 27 April 1813.

In 1814, the ship was converted into a transport and used to ferry supplies and troops. With the conclusion of the war, the ship was sold at Sacketts Harbor on 16 May 1815.

Henry Dearborn
Henry Dearborn (February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American military officer and politician. In the Revolutionary War, he served under Benedict Arnold in his expedition to Quebec, of which his journal provides an important record. After being captured and exchanged, he served in George Washington's Continental Army. He was present at the British surrender at Yorktown. Dearborn served on General George Washington's staff in Virginia.

He served as Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson, from 1801 to 1809, and served as a commanding general in the War of 1812. In later life, his criticism of General Israel Putnam's performance at the Battle of Bunker Hill caused a major controversy. Fort Dearborn and Dearborn Park in Illinois, Dearborn County, Indiana, and  Dearborn, Michigan, were named in his honor.
Sissinghurst Park Wood
Sissinghurst Park Wood is a 31.1-hectare (77-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Sissinghurst Kent.

This wood is mainly sweet chestnut coppice, and the importance of the site lies in the number of rare plants found in its rides. It is the most eastern locality in Britain for ivy-leaved bellflower.

The site is private with no public access.

Sissinghurst
Sissinghurst is a small village in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. Originally called Milkhouse Street (also referred to as Mylkehouse), Sissinghurst changed its name in the 1850s, possibly to avoid association with the smuggling and cockfighting activities of the Hawkhurst Gang. It is in the civil parish of Cranbrook and Sissinghurst.

The nearest railway station is at Staplehurst, 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north.
Cesar's Last Fast
Cesar's Last Fast is a 2014 American documentary film co-directed and produced by Richard Ray Perez and Lorena Parlee. The film premiered in the U.S. Documentary Competition at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2014.

Before the premiere of the film at Sundance Film Festival, Pivot and Univision News acquired the TV rights to the film. The film will premiere simultaneously in English on Pivot and in Spanish on the Univision Network.

Pivot (TV network)
Pivot was an American digital cable and satellite television network owned by Participant Media that aired programming that focused on social issues and activism. The channel, targeted at young adults between 18 and 34 years old, debuted on August 1, 2013. The channel ceased all operations on October 31, 2016.
Faumea
Faumea is a figure in Polynesian mythology, specifically that of the Tuamotus archipelago of French Polynesia, where she is regarded as an "eel-woman". The sea god Tangaroa encounters her when he sails to her island. In addition to being an eel-woman, Faumea has eels within her vagina which eat men, reflecting the folk concept of vagina dentata. However, Faumea teaches Tangaroa how to lure the eels out and they have sex. Faumea bears Tangaroa two sons: Tu-Nui-Ka-Rere (also called Rata-Nui) and Turi-A-Faumea.

Later, Turi-A-Faumea's wife Hina-Arau-Riki is kidnapped by the octopus-demon Rogo-Tumu-Here. Faumea helps Tangaroa and their sons rescue Hina by holding the wind within "the sweat of her armpit" and then releasing it at Tangaroa's command to power their canoes.

American folklorist Martha Warren Beckwith recorded a similarity or possible relation to the fertility goddess Haumea.

Tuamotus
The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean. They constitute the largest chain of atolls in the world, extending (from northwest to southeast) over an area roughly the size of Western Europe. Their combined land area is 850 square kilometres (328 square miles). This archipelago's major islands are Rangiroa, Anaa, Fakarava, Hao and Makemo.

The Tuamotus have approximately 16,000 inhabitants. The islands were initially settled by Polynesians, and modern Tuamotuans have inherited from them a shared culture and the Tuamotuan language.

The Tuamotus are a French overseas collectivity.

NOTE: The Marshall Islands, a group of tolls, encompassing 1.2 sq kilometers.
Leigh Hall
The Leigh Hall, originally  known as the Chemistry-Pharmacy Building, is an historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Rudolph Weaver in the Collegiate Gothic style and was built in 1927. In 1949 the pharmacy college moved to new quarters and the building was renamed Leigh Hall for Townes  R. Leigh, longtime chairman of the chemistry department. A west wing was added in 1949 and the building was renovated in 1994.

Leigh Hall is a contributing property in the University of Florida Campus Historic District which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1989.

Rudolph Weaver
Rudolph Weaver (April 17, 1880 – November 10, 1944) was an American architect, university professor and administrator renowned for various buildings that he designed in Florida, Idaho and Washington, many of which are academic.
Song Lin (chemist)
Song Lin is a Chinese-American organic electrochemist who is a Tisch University Professor at Cornell University. His research involves the development of new synthetic organic methodologies that utilize electrochemistry to forge new chemical bonds. He is an Associate Editor of the journal Organic Letters, and serves on the Early Career Advisory Board of Chemistry - A European Journal. He was named by Chemical & Engineering News as one of their Trailblazers of 2022, a feature highlighting LGBTQ+ chemists in academia.

Organic Letters
Organic Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in organic chemistry. It was established in 1999 and is published by the American Chemical Society. In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model. The founding editor-in-chief was Amos Smith. The current editor-in-chief is Marisa C. Kozlowski. The journal is abstracted and indexed in: the Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS Previews, Chemical Abstracts Service, EMBASE, and MEDLINE.
Léon Corthals
Léon Corthals (1877 – 1935) was a Belgian painter.

Corthals was born in Temse in 1877. He painted a portrait of Leopold III of Belgium on 23 February 1934, the day of his ascension to the Belgian throne.

He died in Elsene in 1935.

Temse
Temse (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtɛmsə] ⓘ; French: Tamise [tamiz]) is a municipality in East Flanders, Belgium.

The name Temse is derived from the Gallo-Roman/Gaul Tamisiacum or Tamasiacum. This is also reflected in the French name for the town, Tamise. The main sights include the Church of Our Lady, whose steeple was designed by the famous sculptor Adriaan Nijs, who died in Temse, and who also sculpted the wooden pulpit. Inside the church the relics of Amalberga of Temse are venerated.  Close by stands the old "Gemeentehuis" (town hall), built in Flemish Eclectic style, housing a carillon in its main tower.

The municipality, which lies on the left side of the River Scheldt, comprises the towns of Elversele, Steendorp, Temse and Tielrode. On 1 January 2018, Temse had a population of 29,528. The total area is 39.92 km² which gives a population density of 740 inhabitants per km².
IFFI Best Actor Award (Male)
The IFFI Award for Best Actor (officially known as the Silver Peacock for the Best Actor Award (Male)) is an honor presented annually at the International  Film Festival of India since 2010 to an actor for the best performance in a leading role in World cinema. Earlier the award was presented on two occasions at the 7th and 11th IFFI for two Indian actors.

World cinema
World cinema is a term in film theory in the United States that refers to films made outside of the  American motion picture industry, particularly those in opposition to the aesthetics, language and values of commercial American cinema. The Third Cinema, the Latino and South American cinema, as well the European, Asian and various non-English language national cinemas are commonly identified as part of world cinema. The term criticizes the Americentrism as well as the ignorance of different cinematic traditions and filmmaking diversity around the world.
Clonmore Robert Emmet's GFC
Clonmore Robert Emmet's Gaelic Football Club (Irish: CLG Roibeard Eiméid, An Chluain Mhór) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club from County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is part of the Armagh GAA. It is based in the hamlet and townland of Clonmore, in the north-west of County Armagh. It is named in honour of the Irish revolutionary Robert Emmet.

Robert Emmet
Robert Emmet (4 March 1778 – 20 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt in Ireland to overthrow the British Crown and Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland, and to break the recently enforced union with Great Britain. Emmet entertained, but ultimately abandoned, hopes of immediate French assistance and of coordination with radical militants in Great Britain. In Ireland, many of the surviving veterans of '98 hesitated to lend their support, and his rising in Dublin in 1803 proved abortive.

Emmet’s Proclamation of the Provisional Government to the People of Ireland, his Speech from the Dock, and his "sacrificial" end on the gallows inspired later generations of Irish republicans. His memory was invoked by Patrick Pearse who in 1916 was again to proclaim a provisional government in Dublin.
Balgat massacre
The Balgat massacre (Turkish: Balgat katliamı) of 10 August 1978 was a mass shooting targeting 3 coffeehouses known with their left-wing customers in Çankaya, Ankara in which 5 died and 14 were injured. The massacre was ordered by Abdullah Çatlı. 2 people, Mustafa Pehlivanoğlu and İsa Armağan, were arrested related to the incident. Pehlivanoğlu was executed on 7 October 1980 and Armağan escaped from prison. He was caught in 1995 and was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment. However, he was released after 7 years. According to some idealist sources, Mustafa Pehlivanoğlu was a victim of false accusation and had no connections to the incident.

Çankaya District
Çankaya is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 483 km2, and its population is 942,553 (2022). It is home to many government buildings, including the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, as well as nearly all foreign embassies to Turkey. Çankaya is a cosmopolitan district and considered the cultural and financial center of Ankara. As of 2025 it was the most socioecomomically developed district in the country, it likely has the highest HDI too.
Mickey Doolin
Michael Joseph "Mickey" Doolin (May 7, 1880 in Ashland, Pennsylvania – November 1, 1951 in Orlando, Florida) was a professional baseball player who played shortstop in the Major Leagues from 1905 to 1918. During his career, he played for the Philadelphia Phillies, Baltimore Terrapins, Chicago Whales, Chicago Cubs, New York Giants, and Brooklyn Robins. His name is often misspelled as "Doolan" due to many of his baseball cards being misspelled.

Baltimore Terrapins
The Baltimore Terrapins were one of the most successful teams in the short-lived Federal League of professional baseball from 1914 to 1915, but their brief existence led to litigation that led to an important legal precedent in baseball. The team played its home games at Terrapin Park.
1991 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Palm Springs
The 1991 Newsweek Champions Cup and the Virginia Slims of Palm Springs were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1991 ATP Tour, and of the Tier II Series of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was held from March 2 through March 16, 1991.

In the men's tournament, Jim Courier won both the singles and doubles tournaments, partnering Javier Sánchez in the latter. This is the first time ever that a male player achieved both titles at the same year.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Finsland (municipality)
Finsland is a former municipality in the old Vest-Agder county, Norway. The 118-square-kilometre (46 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964.  The administrative centre was the village of Finsland where Finsland Church is located.  The municipality generally encompassed the northern part of the present-day municipality of Kristiansand in what is now Agder county.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Vyacheslav Baburin
Vyacheslav Leonidovich Baburin (Russian: Вячеслав Леонидович Бабурин; born 31 May 1951) — Soviet and Russian economic geographer and regional scientist, educator, made a contribution to understanding of dynamic aspects in economic geography, particularly examining innovation cycles in Russian social and economic system. One of the Russian researchers of interaction between society and environment (effects of climate change on socio-economic development of countries and regions, assessment of damage from natural disasters, impact on society of time zones reduction, influence of mountain environment on economy, the cycles of forestry development, etc.)

Russian Geographical Society
The Russian Geographical Society (Russian: Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It promotes geography, exploration and nature protection with research programs in fields including oceanography, ethnography, ecology and statistics.
Pa-O National Liberation Army
The Pa-O National Liberation Army (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻလွစ်ထန်ႏရေꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNLA) is a Pa-O insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Liberation Organisation.

The PNLA signed a "Five-Point State-Level Agreement" and an "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement" with the government of Myanmar on 25 August 2012.

Pa'O Self-Administered Zone
The Pa'O Self-Administered Zone (Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ; paaow kopine aotehkyaote hkwng r days) also abbreviated as Pa'O SAZ, as stipulated by the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, is a self-administered zone consisting of three townships in Shan State.
SS Rajputana
SS Rajputana was a British passenger and cargo carrying ocean liner. She was built for the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company at the Harland & Wolff shipyard at Greenock on the lower River Clyde, Scotland in 1925. She was one of the P&O R-class liners from 1925 that had much of their interiors designed by Lord Inchcape's daughter Elsie Mackay. Named after the Rajputana region of western India, she sailed on a regular route between England and British India.

She was requisitioned into the Royal Navy at the onset of World War II, outfitted in December 1939 at Yarrows, in Esquimalt, as an armed merchant cruiser and commissioned HMS Rajputana. The installation of eight six-inch guns gave her the firepower of a light cruiser without the armor protection. She was torpedoed and sunk off Iceland on 13 April 1941, after escorting a convoy across the North Atlantic.

Belt armor
Belt armor is a layer of heavy metal armor plated onto or within the outer hulls of warships, typically on battleships, battlecruisers and cruisers, and aircraft carriers.

The belt armor is designed to prevent projectiles from penetrating to the heart of a warship. When struck by an artillery shell or underwater torpedo, the belt armor either absorbs the impact and explosion with its sheer thickness and strength, or else uses sloping to redirect the projectile and its blast downwards.

Typically, the main armor belt covers the warship from its main deck down to some distance below the waterline. If, instead of forming the outer hull, the armor belt is built inside the hull, it is installed at a sloped angle for improved protection, as described above.