hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine—arginine ligase
In enzymology, a tyrosine—arginine ligase (EC 6.3.2.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + L-tyrosine + L-arginine  AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-L-arginine

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-tyrosine, and L-arginine, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-tyrosyl-L-arginine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tyrosine:L-arginine ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include tyrosyl-arginine synthase, kyotorphin synthase, kyotorphin-synthesizing enzyme, and kyotorphin synthetase.

Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid.

The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity in English.
2005 Meath by-election
A by-election was held in the Dáil Éireann constituency of Meath in Ireland on Friday, 11 March 2005. It followed the resignation of Fine Gael TD John Bruton on 31 October 2004 to take up his new position as European Union ambassador to the United States.

Tommy Reilly, the original Fianna Fáil candidate, was forced to stand aside due to some land rezoning issues.

On 15 February 2005 the campaign began when it was announced that polling would take place on 11 March. Seven candidates contested the vacant seat, with victory going to the Fine Gael candidate, Shane McEntee.

The 2005 Kildare North by-election took place on the same day. Both were the final occasions which the Progressive Democrats contested by-elections.

Meath was divided at the 2007 general election. McEntee was elected for Meath East.

Meath East
Meath East is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Patok, Łódź Voivodeship
Patok [ˈpatɔk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drużbice, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Drużbice, 14 km (9 mi) north of Bełchatów, and 34 km (21 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
Cobram Football Club
The Cobram Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the regional city of Cobram located in north east Victoria. Cobram teams currently compete in the Murray FNL.

Esava Ratugolea
Esava Ratugolea (born 24 July 1998) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Ratugolea was initially drafted by Geelong with their third pick and forty-third overall in the 2016 national draft. Ratugolea made his debut in Geelong's 3-point win against Melbourne in round 1, 2018 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Ratugolea was born in Griffith, New South Wales. His parents are Fijian, and arrived in Australia a few years before his birth. At the age of six, Ratugolea moved to Cobram, Victoria. He only began playing football in 2011, after previously playing rugby and soccer.

At the end of the 2023 AFL season, he was traded to Port Adelaide.
Saamy Square
Saamy Square is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Hari and produced by Sun pictures. The film, which is the sequel to Saamy, stars Vikram in a dual role, while Keerthy Suresh, Aishwarya Rajesh, Bobby Simha, Prabhu and Soori appear in supporting roles. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad.

Saamy Square was released on 21 September 2018 to mixed reviews from critics and become a box office failure.

Viveka (lyricist)
Viveka is an Indian lyricist working on Tamil language films. His debut movie was Nee Varuvai Ena. Vivega has worked on over 2000+ songs.

He has got many awards for his songs which have been listened all over the world.
Gillian Lange
Gillian Lange is the founder of Lange Foundation, a no-kill animal shelter in West Los Angeles, California, United States.  Lange founded the foundation in 1993.  Lange is a recipient of the City of Los Angeles St. Francis of Assisi Award in honor of her work with animals, which spans several decades.  Since 1974, Lange has helped rescue more than 20,000 abandoned cats and dogs that would have otherwise been euthanized in city shelters.

Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs. Reasons for euthanasia include terminal, incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control.

In domesticated animals, the discussion of animal euthanasia may be substituted with euphemisms, such as "put down" or "put to sleep" to make the wording less harsh.
LBL
LBL can mean:

Laidback Luke, Dutch Music Producer/DJ

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, formerly Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Liberal Mid-America Regional Airport, IATA code LBL

Long base line sonar

Landsforeningen for Bøsser og Lesbiske, former name of LGBT Danmark

Layer by layer, a thin film fabrication technique

Layer by Layer, a Rubik's cube solving technique

London Borough of Lambeth

London Borough of Lewisham

Layer by layer
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a thin film fabrication technique. The films are formed by depositing alternating layers of complementary materials with wash steps in between. This can be accomplished by using various techniques such as immersion, spin, spray, electromagnetism, or fluidics.
Rustia occidentalis
Rustia occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to Central America (Costa Rica, the Central American Pacific Islands, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Panama), as well as to Colombia and Ecuador in western South America. It was first described by George Bentham in 1845 as Exostema occidentale and transferred to Rustia in 1881 by William Hemsley.

William Hemsley (botanist)
William Botting Hemsley (29 December 1843, in East Hoathly – 7 October 1924, in Kent) was an English botanist and 1909 Victoria Medal of Honour recipient. The standard author abbreviation Hemsl. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

He was born in East Hoathly, Sussex, and in 1860 started work at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew as an Improver, then Assistant for India in the Herbarium, finally Keeper of Herbarium and Library. He wrote a number of botanical works.

In 1888, a genus of flowering plants from south-east Asia, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae was named Hemsleya in his honour.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1889.
Cherry Lass
Cherry Lass (1902–1914), was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won two British Classic Races in 1905. In a racing career which lasted from summer 1904 until October 1905 she ran fifteen times and won nine races. As a three-year-old she won the 1000 Guineas over one mile at Newmarket and The Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom Downs Racecourse a month later. She went on to win the St. James's Palace Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Nassau Stakes at Goodwood before finishing third when favourite for the St Leger Stakes. She was then retired to stud where she showed some promise as a broodmare before her death in 1914.

Nassau Stakes
The Nassau Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 197 yards (1,991 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Boletellus exiguus
Boletellus exiguus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in the tropical forests of western Guyana, it was reported as new to science in 2008. The specific epithet exiguus derives from the Latin word for "small", referring to the small basidiocarps.

Bolete
A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique cap. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. A similar pore surface is found in polypores, but these species generally have a different physical structure from boletes, and have different microscopic characteristics than boletes. Many polypores have much firmer, often woody, flesh.

"Bolete" is the English common name for fungus species with caps that have this appearance.

Some, but not all boletes bruise blue.
Cat Janice
Catherine Janice Ipsan (January 20, 1993 – February 28, 2024), known professionally as Cat Janice, was an American singer-songwriter. Janice wrote and sang "Dance You Outta My Head", which went viral on TikTok.

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
Grange in Borrowdale
Grange, often called Grange in Borrowdale, is a village in Borrowdale in the English Lake District. It lies just off the B5289 road to the south of Derwent Water and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Keswick, in the county of Cumbria, historically part of Cumberland,

The village is overlooked by Grange Fell and Castle Crag, which flank either side of the narrow section of Borrowdale in which it sits. Its origins date back to medieval times, when the monks of Furness Abbey built a monastic grange on the site. The double-arched bridge that links the village to the B5289 across the River Derwent was built in 1675. Holy Trinity Church followed in 1861.

The novelist Hugh Walpole owned Brackenburn, a large house about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of Grange, and lived there from 1924 until his death in 1941.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Moses Khumalo
Moses Khumalo (30 January 1979, in Soweto – 4 September 2006) was a South African jazz saxophonist. He studied at Manu Technical College from 1994–1998 after graduating from community college. He started with the piano but switched to the saxophone in February 1995.

He first performed publicly at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in 1995, and gained attention in the jazz world as a member of Moses Taiwa Molelekwa's band. In the following years he played with Hugh Masekela, Sibongile Khumalo, and Paul Hanmer. Khumalo had been dubbed "one of South Africa's most promising young saxophonists".

Moses Khumalo died of an apparent suicide by hanging at the age of 27 on 4 September 2006.

Hugh Masekela
Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as "the father of South African jazz". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as "Soweto Blues" and "Bring Him Back Home". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with his version of "Grazing in the Grass".
Umangite
Umangite is a copper selenide mineral, Cu3Se2, discovered in 1891. It occurs only in small grains or fine granular aggregates with other copper minerals of the sulfide group. It has a hardness of 3. It is blue-black to red-violet in color with a black streak. It has a metallic luster.

Umangite is named after the locality of Sierra de Umango, La Rioja province in Argentina. It also occurs at other localities including the Harz Mountains in Germany, and at Skrickerum, Sweden.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Shin-Kurobe Station
Shin-Kurobe Station (新黒部駅, Shin-Kurobe-eki) is a railway station on the Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line in the city of Kurobe, Toyama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Toyama Chihō Railway.

Toyama Chihō Railway
The Toyama Chihō Railway (富山地方鉄道, Toyama Chihō  Tetsudō; "Toyama Regional Railway") is a transportation company in Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The company is commonly known as Chitetsu (地鉄). This private company operates railway, tram, and bus services in the eastern part of the prefecture. It also operates as the agency of All Nippon Airways in Toyama area. The company has its root in Toyama Electric Railway (富山電気鉄道, Toyama Denki Tetsudō) founded in 1930. The current company was founded in 1943, when all the private and public operators of railway, tram, and bus lines in the prefecture were merged into one. In 1950, it founded Kaetsunō Railway, planning to build the railway line that links Toyama and Ishikawa. Chitetsu handed over its networks in the western part of Toyama Prefecture, although the plan never came to fruition.
2025 Hangzhou Open – Doubles
Francisco Cabral and Lucas Miedler defeated Nicolás Barrientos and David Pel in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2025 Hangzhou Open.

Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan and Vijay Sundar Prashanth were the reigning champions, but Nedunchezhiyan did not participate this year. Prashanth partnered Arjun Kadhe, but lost in the quarterfinals to Guido Andreozzi and Manuel Guinard.

David Pel
David Pel (born 9 July 1991) is a Dutch tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 27 achieved on 29 December 2025. He has won one doubles ATP title with Sander Arends. Pel was a Grand Slam finalist at 2025 Wimbledon with Rinky Hijikata.

Pel competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Men's circuit where he has a 19–16 win-loss record in Challenger finals and a 11–12 record in ITF career doubles finals.
Haskin (surname)
Haskin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Byron Haskin (1899–1984), American director

Dewitt Clinton Haskin (c. 1824 – 1900), American engineer

Grant Haskin (born 1968), South African politician

Hudson Haskin (born 1998), American baseball player

John B. Haskin (1821–1895), American politician

Joseph A. Haskin (1818–1874), United States Army officer

Marvin Haskin (1930–2009), American physician and professor

Scott Haskin (born 1970), American basketball player

Steve Haskin (born 1947), American journalist and writer

William L. Haskin (1841–1931), United States Army officer

Joseph A. Haskin
Joseph Abel Haskin (June 21, 1818 – August 3, 1874) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of the Mexican–American War and American Civil War, he attained the rank of brigadier general.
1981 Eastern Suburbs Roosters season
The 1981 Eastern Suburbs Roosters season was the 74th in the club's history. Coached by Bob Fulton and captained by Royce Ayliffe, they played in the pre-season 1981 Craven Mild Cup, which they won and also in the 1981 Tooth Cup. The Roosters competed in the NSWRFL's 1981 premiership, finishing the regular season 1st (out of 12) to claim the minor premiership. They then came within one match of the grand final but were knocked out by the Newtown Jets.

1981 Tooth Cup
The 1981 Tooth Cup was the 8th edition of the NSWRFL Midweek Cup, a NSWRFL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRFL, the BRL, the CRL, the QRL and the NZRL.

16 teams from across Australia and New Zealand played 23 matches in a round-robin format, with teams playing 2 games each. The top 8 teams advanced to a knockout stage, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.
Gerard Descarrega
Gerard Descarrega Puigdevall (born 2 May 1994 in La Selva del Camp, Tarragona)  is a Paralympic athlete from Spain competing mainly in category T11. He has a visual impairment, and has represented Spain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

La Selva del Camp
La Selva del Camp (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈsɛlβə ðəl ˈkam]) is a municipality in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, northern Spain. It has a population of 5,819 (register office, 2024) .

The Prades Mountains are located in the vicinity of this municipality.
2-Fluoromethamphetamine
2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine family which has been used as a designer drug. 2-FMA is commonly compared to lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and dextroamphetamine due to its efficacy as a study or productivity aid. 2-FMA is purported to produce somewhat less euphoria than comparable amphetamines, likely due to its main mechanism of action consisting of norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET). This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine and therefore can increase adrenergic neurotransmission.
Department of Fisheries (Thailand)
Thailand's Department of Fisheries (Abrv: DOF; Thai: กรมประมง, RTGS: krom pramong), part of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, is responsible for the promotion of the Thai fishing industry while ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries. It conducts, compiles, and disseminates research and technologies to further those aims. Its mission statement makes no mention of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU), the responsibility of other agencies such as the Ministry of Labour.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) is a broad term that refers to fishing without the permission of a nation state, or in contravention of its laws and regulations; unreported or misreported fishing; and fishing that is conducted in an area with no applicable conservation or management measures.

IUU is an issue around the world. The fishing industry observers believe IUU occurs in most fisheries, and accounts for up to 30% of total catches in some important fisheries.
Ripley Castle
Ripley Castle is a Grade I listed 14th-century country house in Ripley, North Yorkshire, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Harrogate.

The castle has been the seat of the Ingilby baronets for centuries. In June 2024 it was announced that it was to be sold.

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.
1984 Detroit Grand Prix
The 1984 Detroit Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on June 24, 1984 in Detroit, Michigan. It was the eighth race of the 1984 Formula One World Championship.

The 63-lap race was won from pole position by Brazilian driver Nelson Piquet, driving a Brabham-BMW. Englishman Martin Brundle finished second in a Tyrrell-Ford, less than a second behind Piquet, before the Tyrrell team were disqualified from the championship for various alleged rule infringements. Italian Elio de Angelis was thus promoted to second in his Lotus-Renault with another Italian, Teo Fabi, third in the other Brabham-BMW.

Tyrrell 012
The Tyrrell 012 is a Formula One racing car that was designed by Maurice Philippe for the Tyrrell team. It was introduced for the 1983 season, and was subsequently used in 1984 and the first few races of 1985.
Thame, Nepal
Thame (Nepali: थामे) and its neighbouring Thameteng (upper Thame) are small Sherpa villages in Namche VDC of the Solukhumbu District in Nepal. These were the last year-round villages on the salt trading route that existed between Tibet, Nepal and India. Thame is home to many famous Sherpa mountaineers, including Apa Sherpa.

Tibet–Nepal salt trade route
The Tibet–Nepal salt trade route is an ancient salt trading route running between the Tibetan Plateau and the Middle Hills of Nepal and further on to India. After the annexation of Tibet by China in 1950 and the Sino-Indian War in 1962, patterns of trade changed and the use of the old trading route between India and Tibet dwindled and the salt-carrying caravans became redundant.