hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pamplin Pipe Factory
Pamplin Pipe Factory, also known as Merrill and Ford, The Akron Smoking Pipe Factory, and The Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company, is a historic factory and archaeological site located at Pamplin, Appomattox County, Virginia.  Located on the property are a wood-framed factory building, a deteriorating brick kiln, and a collapsed brick chimney.  It began operation about 1879 and was at one time the largest clay pipe manufacturer in the United States.

Tobacco pipe
A tobacco pipe, often called simply a pipe, is a device specifically made to smoke tobacco. It comprises a chamber (the bowl) for the tobacco from which a thin hollow stem (shank) emerges, ending in a mouthpiece. Pipes can range from very simple machine-made briar models to highly prized hand-made artisanal implements made by renowned pipemakers, which are often very expensive collector's items.
Sirpur Lake
Sirpur Lake is located on Indore-Dhar Road in Indore. The total area of the lake and its surrounding protected region is 800 acres (around 3.6 square kilometers) and falls under the jurisdiction of the Indore Municipal Corporation.
The wetland has been designated as a Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention on 
07-01-2022.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Play for P.I.N.K.
Play for P.I.N.K. (Prevention, Immediate diagnosis, New technology and Knowledge) is a fundraising organization founded by Laura Lassman, which organizes golf tournaments to raise money for breast cancer research. The organization formed in 1990 after Lassman organized a tournament in Bergen County, New Jersey to support a friend undergoing cancer treatment.

Play for P.I.N.K. donates solely to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), and is BCRF's largest donor. Their total contributions to BCRF since 1990 were approximately $75 million, as of 2023. In 2023, it was estimated that 30,000 people took part in charity events held by Play for P.I.N.K. every year.

A financial partnership with Bloomberg allows all raised funds to be donated directly to BCRF, cutting administrative costs. Other important corporate partners include Estée Lauder and Wilson Sporting Goods.

The Estée Lauder Companies
The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (/ˈɛsteɪ ˈlɔːdər/ EST-ay LAW-dər) is an American multinational cosmetics company, a manufacturer and marketer of makeup, skincare, perfume, and hair care products, based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is the second largest cosmetics company in the world after L'Oréal. The company owns a diverse portfolio of brands, including La Mer, Jo Malone London, Clinique and Tom Ford Beauty, among many more, distributed internationally through both digital commerce and retail channels.
Jason Carl
Jason Carl is a game designer who has worked on a number of roleplaying games for companies such as White Wolf, TSR and Wizards of the Coast, Kenzer & Company, and Exile Game Studio. He is the former Brand Marketing Manager of Paradox Interactive's World of Darkness property.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Fifteen Martyrs of Bicol
The Fifteen Martyrs of Bicol (Spanish: Quince Martires del Bicolandia) were Filipino patriots in Bicol, Philippines who were executed by firing squad on January 4, 1897, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain.

Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Emilio Cavenecia
Emilio Cavenecia was a nineteenth-century Peruvian military hero killed in battle during the War of the Pacific. Emilio Cavenecia Avenue, in the financial district of San Isidro, Peru, is named in his honor.

San Isidro District, Lima
San Isidro is an upscale district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is located in the west center of the city, it has a few meters of coastline. Officially created on April 24, 1931, San Isidro, along with Orrantia and Country Club neighborhoods, was separated from Miraflores.

San Isidro has become a major financial quarter in recent years, as many banks and businesses left downtown Lima to set up their headquarters in modern office blocks. It is inhabited by mostly upper middle and upper-class families.
Ostrov (administrative district)
The administrative district of the municipality with extended powers of Ostrov (abbreviated AD MEP Ostrov; Czech: Správní obvod obce s rozšířenou působností Ostrov, SO ORP Ostrov) is an administrative district of municipality with extended powers in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has existed since 1 January 2003, when the districts were replaced administratively. It includes 15 municipalities which have a combined population of over 26,000.

Karlovy Vary Region
The Karlovy Vary Region (Czech: Karlovarský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the westernmost part of the country. It is named after its capital Karlovy Vary. It is known for spas, which include Karlovy Vary and Mariánské Lázně.

The Karlovy Vary Region, as a higher territorial self-governing unit, was created in 2000 in the northern part of the West Bohemian Region. The seat of the region is Karlovy Vary. In terms of size, number of municipalities, and population, it ranks among the smaller regions of the Czech Republic. Its area (3,314 km²) covers 4.25% of the territory of the Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Region is the third smallest region by area, right after Prague and the Liberec Region. By population, the Karlovy Vary Region is the smallest region in the Czech Republic, with approximately 279,000 inhabitants.
Clip (film)
Clip (Serbian: Клип, romanized: Klip) is a 2012 Serbian drama film written and directed by Maja Miloš, her first time directing, and starring Isidora Simijonović in her first film role. The film's title derives from the many short cell phone videos made by the film's central character, Jasna (Simijonović), a troubled teenager whose family is falling apart. The film was released in Serbia on 12 April 2012 at Belgrade's Sava Centar. Simijonović won the award for the best actress at the Vilnius International Film Festival and 'The Golden Hazelnut' (Zlatni lešnik) award for the best actress at the fifth International Festival of Film Direction in Leskovac.

Sava Centar
Sava Centar (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава центар) is an international congress, cultural and business center of various multi-functional activities located in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is the largest audience hall in the country and the entire former Yugoslavia, as well as one of the biggest in Europe. It has hosted numerous large-scale events and performances.

In April 2021, the building was declared a cultural monument.
Roscoe C. Vaught
Roscoe C. Vaught was an American coach. He was the fourth head football coach at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky and he held that position for the 1927 season.  His career coaching record at Kentucky State was 0–2.

Kentucky State University
Kentucky State University (KSU, and KYSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Frankfort, Kentucky, United States. Founded in 1886 as the State Normal School for Colored Persons, and becoming a land-grant college in 1890, KSU is the second-oldest state-supported institution of higher learning in Kentucky.
Steeves
Steeves (also Steves) is a surname.

The surname “Stieff” was later anglicized into “Steeve”, which eventually formed into surnames “Steves” and “Steeves”.

The earliest "Steeves" members arrived to Hillsborough from Pennsylvania.

Stieff
Stieff (or Stief) is a surname of German origin. Notable people of the name include:

Charles Stieff (1805 – 1862), American industrialist and piano manufacturer

Hellmuth Stieff (1901 – 1944), general of Nazi Germany

Dave Stief (1956 – 2000), American football player

Bo Stief (born 1946), Danish bassist and composer
Transmutation Live
Transmutation Live is a live album by experimental rock band Praxis, recorded during a performance in Zurich, Switzerland, in the summer of 1996.

The album features the lineup of bassist Bill Laswell, guitarist Buckethead, drummer Brain and Invisibl Skratch Piklz, the Bay-Area collective of turntablists DXT, Q-Bert, Mix Master Mike, Shortkut, and DJ Disk.

The album's four tracks are labeled simply as Movements 1 to 4 and are predominantly ambient soundscapes that frequently give way to heavy metal grooves.

Mix Master Mike
Michael Schwartz (born April 4, 1970), known professionally as Mix Master Mike (also known as Mixmaster), is an American record producer and DJ. He is considered one of the greatest hip hop DJs of all time. He was a contributing and touring member of the hip hop group Beastie Boys, and a three-time DMC World DJ Champion.
Sophia Wisniewska
Sophia Wisniewska is a university administrator and a former chancellor of University of South Florida St. Petersburg and Pennsylvania State Brandywine. Earlier in her career, she worked for her alma mater, Pennsylvania State University, and later served as the dean of Temple University Ambler.

Penn State Brandywine
Penn State Brandywine is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University located in Middletown Township, Pennsylvania, United States. The campus was formerly known as Penn State Delaware County. The campus has baccalaureate and associate degrees and certificate programs. The campus is located on over 112 acres (450,000 m2) of grounds. In August 2017, the campus established on-campus housing for the first time with the opening of Orchard Hall, a 250-bed residence hall.
Georg-Wilhelm Postel
Georg-Wilhelm Postel (25 April 1896 – 20 September 1953) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.

Postel was taken prisoner by the Red Army on 30 August 1944 after the capitulation of Romania. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was sentenced to 25 years of forced labour in 1949. Postel died in custody on 20 September 1953 of tuberculosis. He was interred in the prisoner of war cemetery in Shakhty.

Oberst
Oberst (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐst] ⓘ) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank överste is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank eversti and the Icelandic rank ofursti.
Michalis Kamperidis
Michalis Kamperidis (alternate spelling: Michail) (Greek: Μιχάλης Καμπερίδης; born April 24, 1994) is a Greek professional basketball player for Vikos Falcons Ioannina of the Greek Elite League. He is a 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) tall power forward, that can also play as a center.

Rethymno Cretan Kings B.C.
Rethymno Cretan Kings B.C., or simply Cretan Kings (Greek: Ρέθυμνο Κρητικοί K.A.E.), is a Greek formerly  professional sports basketball club that was founded on the Greek island of Crete, in Rethymno, Greece, in 1986. The club is also commonly known as Rethymno B.C. (Ρέθυμνο K.A.E.).

The team was previously known as Rethymno Aegean B.C. (Ρέθυμνο Aegean K.A.E.), or Athlitikos Gymnastikos Omilos Rethymnou (Α.G.Ο.R.) (Αθλητικός Γυμναστικός Όμιλος Ρεθύμνου (Α.Γ.Ο.Ρ.). The team's parent athletic club was founded in 1965.
Quarter courts of Iceland
The quarter courts (Icelandic: fjórðungsdómur (singular), fjórðungsdómar (plural)) were lower courts established in Iceland approximately in the year 965 during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth. They were institutions of Althing, the nation's legislative and judicial authority. There was no executive power in the country at the time. The country was divided into quarters and each quarter had a court consisting of 36 judges.

Icelandic Commonwealth
The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing (Icelandic: Alþingi) in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. With the probable exception of hermitic Irish monks known as Papar, Iceland was an uninhabited island until around 874.

The Icelandic Commonwealth had a unique political system whereby chieftains (goðar) established a common legal code and settled judicial disputes at the Althing, a national assembly. However, there was no executive body in Iceland that enforced the legal code. The Icelandic Commonwealth has consequently been characterized as a stateless society. During the 13th century, Iceland came under the control of the Kingdom of Norway.
Henry of Berg
Several German nobleman were called Henry of Berg (German: Heinrich von Berg). They are divided into two families referring to different places named Berg. These are:

Henry of the County of Berg in Ehingen (later the Margraviate of Burgau)
Henry I, Count of Berg (d. 1115), the second ruler of the Berg-Schelklingen family
Henry II, Count of Berg (d. 1126), son of the previous
Henry, Bishop of Passau and Würzburg (d. 1193), nephew of the previous
Henry I, Margrave of Burgau (d. 1242), nephew of the previous
Henry II, Margrave of Burgau (d. 1293/1294), son of the previous
Henry III, Margrave of Burgau (d. after 1301), son of the previous

Henry of the County of Berg in Solingen (later the Duchy of Berg)
Henry IV, Duke of Limburg and Count of Berg (d. 1247), married to the Ezzonid family heiress
Henry, Lord of Windeck (d. 1290/1296), grandson of the previous
Henry, Canon at Cologne (d. 1310), son of the previous

Henry IV, Duke of Limburg
Henry IV (1195 – 25 February 1247) was the duke of Limburg and count of Berg from 1226 to his death. He was the son of Waleran III, count of Luxembourg and duke of Limburg, and Cunigunda, daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine.
Erismanthus
Erismanthus is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1866. It is native to Southeast Asia and southern China.

Species

Erismanthus obliquus Wall. ex Müll.Arg. - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra

Erismanthus sinensis Oliv. - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan

formerly included

Erismanthus leembruggianus Boerl. & Koord., synonym of Moultonianthus leembruggianus (Boerl. & Koord.) Steenis

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Guitar Superstar
Guitar Superstar is a yearly competition hosted by the Guitar Player magazine in which 10 finalists compete for the title of Guitar Superstar or Guitar Hero for the year.  The competition started in 2005 as the Guitar Hero Competition but was changed in 2008 to the current title, probably to avoid confusion with the Guitar Hero video game series.

Joe Satriani
Joseph Satriani (born July 15, 1956) is an American rock guitarist, composer, and songwriter. Early in his career he worked as a guitar instructor, with many of his former students achieving fame, including Steve Vai, Larry LaLonde, Rick Hunolt, Kirk Hammett, Andy Timmons, Charlie Hunter, Kevin Cadogan, and Alex Skolnick. Satriani went on to have a successful solo music career, starting in the mid-1980s. He is a 15-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold over ten million albums, making him the bestselling instrumental rock guitarist of all time.

In 1988, Satriani was recruited by Mick Jagger as lead guitarist for his first solo tour. Satriani briefly toured with Deep Purple, joining shortly after the second departure of Ritchie Blackmore, in 1993. He has worked with a range of guitarists during the G3 tour, which he founded in 1995. Satriani has been the guitarist for the supergroup Chickenfoot since joining the band in 2008.
Chen-Lu Tsou
Zou Chenglu (Chinese: 邹承鲁; 17 May 1923 – 23 November 2006), better known as Chen-Lu Tsou, was a Chinese biochemist. He was a professor of the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and later a professor and Deputy Director of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He made important contributions to the synthesis of insulin, and was elected an academician of the CAS and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). He won the TWAS Prize in Biology in 1992 for his pioneering study of enzyme inhibition kinetics, and was a six-time laureate of the State Natural Science Award (three times each for First Class and Second Class). His wife, physicist Li Lin, was also an academician of the CAS.

Tsou was a strong advocate against academic fraud and pseudoscience, and led a public campaign against what he called "unhealthy practices" such as administrators' interference in scientific research.

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
Gonocerini
The Gonocerini, synonym Gonocérates are a tribe of leaf-footed bugs, in the subfamily Coreinae.  The type genus is Gonocerus Berthold, 1827; genera are distributed from Africa, Europe to South-East Asia and Australia.

Coreidae
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera.  The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bug.

As a family, the Coreidae are cosmopolitan, but most of the species are tropical or subtropical.
Coconut sugar
Coconut sugar (also known as coco sugar, coconut palm sugar, coco sap sugar or coconut blossom sugar) is a palm sugar produced from the sap of the flower bud stem of the coconut palm.

Other types of palm sugar are made from the kithul palm (Caryota urens), Palmyra palm, the date palm, the sugar date palm, the sago palm or the sugar palm.

Used as a sweetener in many countries, coconut sugar has no significant nutritional or health benefits over other sweeteners.

Caryota urens
Caryota urens is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, native to Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar and Malaysia (perhaps elsewhere in Indo-Malayan region), where they grow in fields and rainforest clearings, it is regarded as introduced in Cambodia. The epithet urens is Latin for "stinging" alluding to the chemicals in the fruit. Common names in English include solitary fishtail palm, kithul palm, toddy palm, wine palm, sago palm and jaggery palm. Its leaf is used as fishing rod after trimming the branches of the leaf and drying. According to Monier-Williams, it is called moha-karin ("delusion maker") in Sanskrit. It is one of the sugar palms.
BioPlex
BioPlex (biophysical interactions of ORFeome-based complexes) is an open access resource for studying protein-protein interactions. It is the result of collaborations between Harvard Medical School and Biogen. BioPlex 1.0 reported  23,744 interactions among 7,668 proteins. BioPlex 2.0 extended those observations to detect over 29,000 new interactions.

The basic technology is to express a "bait" protein in human cells. Those bait proteins interact with other proteins, and then the complexes of the bait and "prey" proteins are isolated by affinity purification. The interacting prey proteins are identified using mass spectrometry.

Affinity chromatography
Affinity chromatography is a method of separating a biomolecule from a mixture, based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance.  The specific type of binding interaction depends on the biomolecule of interest; antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, receptor and ligand, or protein and nucleic acid binding interactions are frequently exploited for isolation of various biomolecules.  Affinity chromatography is useful for its high selectivity and resolution of separation, compared to other chromatographic methods.
Dagfin Juel
Dagfin Juel (23 February 1909 – 4 June 1985) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Labour Party.

He graduated as Candidate, in 1932. He was hired in the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1938, and was later promoted to assistant secretary. He moved to the Ministry of Trade in 1949, and was promoted from assistant secretary to assistant director in 1954.

From 1956 to 1965, during the third and fourth cabinet Gerhardsen, Juel served as state secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister. The tenure was only interrupted by the cabinet Lyng administration for a month in 1963. After the fourth cabinet Gerhardsen fell in 1965, Juel continued his career as a civil servant.

Office of the Prime Minister (Norway)
The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister (Norwegian: Statsministerens kontor, abbreviated SMK) is a cabinet department that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government. It has since 2021 been led by Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre (Labour Party). The State Secretary in charge of the office is Kristine Joy Nordenson Kallset. The office has about 55 employees.