hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georgie Crozier
Georgina Mary Crozier (born 16 November 1963) is an Australian politician. She has been a Liberal Party member of the Victorian Legislative Council since 2010, representing Southern Metropolitan Region. She also served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council from 2022 to 2024.

Under the Napthine Government, Crozier was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Health. Following the 2014 state election, she was appointed Shadow Minister for Families and Children, Women and the Prevention of Family Violence, adding the Housing portfolio in September 2017.

After the 2018 state election, she was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party in the Legislative Council and appointed Shadow Minister for Health and Ambulance Services.

Napthine ministry
The Napthine Ministry was the 68th ministry of the Government of Victoria. It was a Liberal–National Coalition Government, led by the Premier of Victoria, Denis Napthine, and Deputy Premier, Peter Ryan. It succeeded the Baillieu Ministry on 6 March 2013, following the resignation of Ted Baillieu from the Liberal Party leadership, and the election of Denis Napthine as Liberal Party leader and Premier. The Napthine Ministry consisted of 22 Ministers, most of which held multiple portfolios.

Napthine reshuffled his cabinet on 17 March 2014, after the announced retirements of Jeanette Powell, Hugh Delahunty, Nicholas Kotsiras and Peter Hall. After the defeat of the Napthine government at the 2014 state election, Daniel Andrews of the Australian Labor Party formed the First Andrews Ministry on 4 December 2014.
Vittaya Samrej
Vittaya Samrej (born 18 February 1964) is a Thai tennis coach and former professional player. As of 2020 he is team captain of Thailand's Davis Cup team.

Samrej had a record 18-year long Davis Cup career playing for Thailand, featuring in 37 ties between 1985 and 2002, mostly as a doubles specialist. He won 21 doubles rubbers in total, which is a former Thai record. His two singles wins both came in a 1997 tie against Hong Kong.

A regular participant in the Southeast Asian Games, Samrej has won numerous medals, including three doubles gold medals. He won a further four gold medals for his country in the team event.

Samrej won a team bronze medal at the 1986 Asian Games, then a mixed doubles bronze at the 1990 Asian Games.

His son, Kasidit Samrej, is a Davis Cup player for Thailand.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Reinhard Schneider
Reinhard Schneider (born 1 May 1968 in Mainz) is a German business administrator and managing director of the Mainz-based family company Werner & Mertz, which is best known for its Frosch brand. In this position, he focused the company’s sustainability strategy and advocates greater commitment from the business community to climate and environmental protection. Schneider is holder of the German Environmental Prize 2019.

Frosch (brand)
Frosch is a trademark for cleaning and care agents made by the Mainz-based company Werner & Mertz GmbH. Introduced in 1986, the brand family comprises over 80 products, including multi-purpose cleaning agents, scouring agents, glass cleaners, special cleaners, toilet cleaners, dishwashing liquid and laundry detergents. Hand soaps, shower gel and air fresheners are new additions to the portfolio. By launching Frosch, the company complemented its current product portfolio (including Erdal) by adding a brand with a clear focus on ecological aspects in addition to efficiency. The brand is the company's largest source of revenue. Werner & Mertz also engages in sustainability drives under its own name. Surveys by Reader's Digest indicate that Frosch is – from a consumer perspective – among the most trustworthy brands. Werner & Mertz generated revenues of €455 million in 2019 and is forecast to reach €525 million in 2020.
Chianti (region)
Chianti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkjanti]), in Italy also referred to as Monti del Chianti ("Chianti Mountains") or Colline del Chianti ("Chianti Hills"), is a mountainous area of Tuscany in the provinces of Florence, Siena and Arezzo, composed mainly of hills and mountains. It is known for the wine produced in and named for the region, Chianti.

Province of Florence
The province of Florence (Italian: provincia di Firenze) was a province in the northeast of Tuscany region of Italy.  The city or comune of Florence was both the capital of the province of Florence, and of the Region of Tuscany. It had an area of 3,514 square kilometres (1,357 sq mi) and a population of 1,012,180 as of 31 December 2014. The territory of the province was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance.

In 2015 the province was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Florence.
Jeffrey Townsend
Jeffrey P. Townsend is an American biostatistician and evolutionary biologist. He is currently the Elihu Professor of Biostatistics and Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Yale School of Public Health at Yale University.

Townsend earned a Bachelor of Science in biology from Brown University in 1994. He completed his Ph.D. in organismic and evolutionary biology at Harvard University in 2002 under the direction of Daniel Hartl. After receiving his doctoral degree, Townsend was a Miller Research Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked in the lab of John W. Taylor.

Daniel Hartl
Daniel L. Hartl (born 1943) is the Higgins Professor of Biology in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. He is also a principal investigator at the Hartl Laboratory at Harvard University. His research interests are focused on evolutionary genomics, molecular evolution, and population genetics.
Frédérique Vézina
Frédérique Vézina (born c. 1977) is a Canadian operatic soprano. Vézina gained recognition when she made her Canadian Opera Company debut in 2002–2003 as Lisa and Mascha in Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades. Critics hailed the arrival of a major presence on the operatic stage. Critic Robert Everett-Green of The Globe and Mail praised her "big Act III aria" as "eloquent testimony to the character's own addiction to emotional gambling." She was cast in the Canadian debut of The Handmaid's Tale in 2004. She was featured as Ellen Orford in Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes and Belinda in Dido and Aeneas. Vézina played Filumena at the National Arts Centre 28 April 2005 and 30 April.

National Arts Centre
The National Arts Centre (NAC) (French: Centre national des Arts) is a performing arts organization in Ottawa, Ontario, along the Rideau Canal. It is based in the eponymous National Arts Centre building.
Levkiv
Levkiv (Ukrainian: Левків) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bohdan Levkiv (1950–2021), Ukrainian politician

Taras Levkiv (1940–2025), Ukrainian artist, specialised in ceramic art

Taras Levkiv
Taras Bohdanovych Levkiv (Ukrainian: Тарас Богданович Левків; 25 June 1940 – 9 March 2025) was a Ukrainian artist who specialised in ceramic art. From the 1980s, he was the head of the Department of Art Ceramics at Ivan Trush Lviv State College of Decorative and Fine Arts.
Soviet naval reactors
Soviet naval reactors have been used to power both military and civilian vessels, including:

Nuclear submarines:
Attack submarines.
Cruise missile submarines.
Ballistic missile submarines.

Nuclear icebreakers:
Soviet icebreaker Lenin
Arktika-class icebreakers
Taymyr-class icebreakers

Russian floating nuclear power stations:
Akademik Lomonosov

Nuclear cruisers:
Kirov-class battlecruisers

Merchant ship:
Sevmorput

Command ship:
SSV-33 Ural

They have included both pressurized water reactors and a relatively few liquid metal fast reactors.

OKBM Afrikantov has been the primary designer of naval reactors for the Soviet/Russian Navy for more than 60 years.

Akademik Lomonosov
Akademik Lomonosov (Russian: Академик Ломоносов) is a non-self-propelled power barge that operates as the first Russian floating nuclear power station. The ship was named after academician Mikhail Lomonosov. It is docked in the Pevek harbour, providing heat to the town and supplying electricity to the regional Chaun-Bilibino power system. It is the world’s northernmost nuclear power plant.
1966 Cannes Film Festival
The 19th Cannes Film Festival took place from 5 to 20 May 1966. Italian actress Sophia Loren served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, then the festival's main prize, was jointly awarded to The Birds, the Bees and the Italians by Pietro Germi and A Man and a Woman by Claude Lelouch.

To honour the festival's 20th anniversary, a special prize was given to Chimes at Midnight by Orson Welles.

The festival opened with Modesty Blaise by Joseph Losey, and closed with Pharaoh by Jerzy Kawalerowicz.

Jerzy Kawalerowicz
Jerzy Franciszek Kawalerowicz (19 January 1922 – 27 December 2007) was a Polish film director, screenwriter and politician, having been a member of Polish United Workers' Party from 1954 until its dissolution in 1990 and a deputy in Polish parliament since 1985 until 1989.
Mullivaikkal
Mullivaikkal (Mu’l’livaaykkaal, Muḷḷivāykkāl) is a village located in Mullaitivu District, Vanni, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The Mullivaikkal Massacre took place here in the final days of the Sri Lankan Civil War.

Mullaitivu District
Mullaitivu District (Tamil: முல்லைத்தீவு மாவட்டம், Mullaittīvu Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: මුලතිවු දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, Mulativu distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Mullaitivu.
Karl Weber (politician, born 1898)
Karl Weber (8 March 1898 in Arensberg – 21 May 1985 in Koblenz) was a West German politician with the Christian Democratic Union. He served as the Minister of Justice from 2 April 1965 until his replacement by Richard Jaeger in 26 October of that same year.
From 1916 till 1918 he served in the First World War, then he studied legal science in Bonn.
From 1939 till 1945 he served in the Second World War.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Graphotism
Graphotism (subtitled The International Graffiti Writers Publication) was a magazine published in the United Kingdom and distributed internationally, which covered the subject of street art and graffiti. It is widely regarded as the most popular graffiti publication by graffiti writers, and was a quarterly definitive collection of street art all over the world.

Graphotism was published between 1992 and September 2011. The magazine was a popular item at Tower Records.

According to the deputy editor Ephraim Webber, "The writers [were] some of the most paranoid, un-media friendly people you could ever meet".

Tower Records
Tower Records is an international retail  franchise and online music store that was formerly based in Sacramento, California, United States. From 1960 until 2006, Tower operated retail stores in the United States, which closed when Tower Records filed for bankruptcy and liquidation. Tower Records was purchased by a separate entity and was not affected by the retail store closings.

On November 13, 2020, Tower Records announced that it had returned as an online retailer with plans to open future physical locations.
Hope for Haiti Now (album)
Hope for Haiti Now is a live album by various artists to benefit Hope for Haiti Now's campaign to alleviate the 2010 Haiti earthquake. All benefits from the album sales go to Haiti relief organizations, including the Red Cross and Wyclef Jean's Yele Haiti foundation. Hope for Haiti Now features 19 live performances from the television broadcast Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief as well as the studio version of "Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)", an original track performed by Jay-Z, Bono, The Edge and Rihanna during the telethon.

The digital-only album was made available for pre-order through iTunes on January 22, 2010. It set a record as the biggest one-day album pre-order in iTunes history.
The album sold 171,000 copies in its first weekend, and, in merely two days, became the first digital-only album to top the Billboard 200 album chart.

The album has since also become available on Amazon and Rhapsody.

Napster (streaming service)
Napster is a music streaming service based in Seattle, Washington, United States.

Until 2016, the service was known domestically as Rhapsody before rebranding as Napster, the same name brand that was used by Roxio's Napster. On March 25, 2025, it was sold to Infinite Reality.
N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase
In enzymology, a N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-acyl-D-glucosamine  N-acyl-D-mannosamine

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, N-acyl-D-glucosamine, and one product, N-acyl-D-mannosamine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase. Other names in common use include acylglucosamine 2-epimerase, and N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase.  This enzyme participates in aminosugars metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, ATP.

Amino sugar
In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.  More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar), which is the main component of chitin.

Derivatives of amine containing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid, whose nitrogens are part of more complex functional groups rather than formally being amines, are also considered amino sugars. Aminoglycosides are a class of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. These compounds are conjugates of amino sugars and aminocyclitols.
Sochi bombings
The Sochi bombings were a series of explosions that occurred in the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, between 2008 and 2009. The explosions were carried out by Ilya Galkin and Mikhail Denisenko. Their motive was hatred of society.

Lazarevskoye Microdistrict
43°54′40″N 39°20′17″E﻿ / ﻿43.91111°N 39.33806°E﻿ / 43.91111; 39.33806

Lazarevskoye (Russian: Ла́заревское; Adyghe: Псышӏуап Adyghe pronunciation: [psəʃʷʼaːp]) is a microdistrict of Lazarevsky City District of the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It was a resort settlement before 1961, when it was merged into Sochi.
Tas-Samra Battery
Tas-Samra Battery (Maltese: Batterija tas-Samra) was an artillery battery in Ħamrun, Malta, built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798–1800. It was part of a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour.

Grand Harbour
The Grand Harbour (Maltese: il-Port il-Kbir; Italian: Porto Grande), also known as the Port of Valletta, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It has been substantially modified over the years with extensive docks (Malta Dockyard), wharves, and fortifications.
Varieties of American Sign Language
American Sign Language (ASL) developed in the United States, starting as a blend of local sign languages and French Sign Language (FSL). Local varieties have developed in many countries, but there is little research on which should be considered dialects of ASL (such as Bolivian Sign Language) and which have diverged to the point of being distinct languages (such as Malaysian Sign Language).

The following are sign language varieties of ASL in countries other than the US and Canada, languages based on ASL with substratum influence from local sign languages, and mixed languages in which ASL is a component. Distinction follow political boundaries, which may not correspond to linguistic boundaries.

Mixed language
A mixed language, also referred to as a hybrid language or fusion language, is a type of contact language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.

Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages. Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, substrata, or lexical borrowing.
Spence's Hotel
Spence's Hotel was a hotel established in Kolkata in 1830. It was near the Government House. It no longer exists.

Various sources describe Spence's Hotel as either the first hotel in Asia, or in India, or in Kolkata.

The hotel is mentioned in Jules Verne's The Steam House as a place where the characters stay during a visit to Kolkata. It was the inspiration for the hotel described in the Sankar's 1962 novel Chowringhee.

On 16 January 1861 Duleep Singh met his mother Jind Kaur at the hotel. They had been separated in 1849 after the Treaty of Lahore when he was 10 years old and they reunited when he was age 22. From here, Singh brought his mother back with him to live in England. Because of political tension the British government choose Spence's Hotel as a neutral place where there was unlikely to be conflict.

The Steam House
The Steam House (French: La maison à vapeur) is an 1880 Jules Verne novel recounting the travels of a group of British colonists in the Raj in a wheeled house pulled by a steam-powered mechanical elephant. Verne uses the mechanical house as a plot device to have the reader travel in nineteenth-century India. The descriptions are interspersed with historical information and social commentary.

The book takes place in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule, with the passions and traumas aroused still very much alive among Indians and British alike. An alternate title by which the book was known—"The End of Nana Sahib"—refers to the appearance in the book of the historical figure—rebel leader Nana Sahib—who disappeared after the crushing of the rebellion, his ultimate fate unknown. Verne offers a fictional explanation to his disappearance.
Schleicher's fable
Schleicher’s fable is a text composed as a reconstructed version of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language, published by August Schleicher in 1868. Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in PIE. The fable is entitled *Avis akvāsas ka (‘The Sheep [Ewe] and the Horses’). At later dates, various scholars have published revised versions of Schleicher’s fable, as the idea of how PIE should be presented and pronounced has changed over time. The resulting parallel texts serve as an illustration of the significant changes that the reconstruction of the language has experienced during the last 150 years of scholarly efforts.

The first revision of Schleicher’s fable was made by Hermann Hirt (published by Arntz in 1939). A second revision was published by Winfred Lehmann and Ladislav Zgusta in 1979. Another version by Douglas Q. Adams appeared in the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (1997:501). In 2007 Frederik Kortlandt published yet another version on his internet homepage.

Douglas Q. Adams
Douglas Quentin Adams is an American linguist, professor of English at the University of Idaho and an Indo-European comparativist. He studied at the University of Chicago, earning PhD in 1972.  Adams is an expert on Tocharian and a contributor on this subject to the Encyclopædia Britannica.

He has also co-authored two works on Indo-European culture and languages with J. P. Mallory of the Royal Irish Academy. He is a Linguistics Editor at the Journal of Indo-European Studies, founded by Roger Pearson.

At the University of Idaho, Adams teaches courses on linguistics, and grammar and semantics for the English as a Second Language program.
Chang Lake (Hubei)
The Chang Lake (simplified Chinese: 长湖; traditional Chinese: 長湖; pinyin: Cháng Hú; lit. 'Long Lake'), originally known as Wazi Lake (Chinese: 瓦子湖; pinyin: Wǎzǐ Hú), is a lake located at the junction of Jingzhou, Jingmen and Qianjiang, central China's Hubei province. It is the third largest lake in Hubei. The lake has an area of 122.5 square kilometres (30,300 acres) and a capacity of 271,000,000 cubic metres (72×10^9 US gal). The lake discharges into Jing River.

Qianjiang, Hubei
Qianjiang (simplified Chinese: 潜江; traditional Chinese: 潛江; pinyin: Qiánjiāng) is a sub-prefectural city of south-central Hubei Province, China. The city spans an area of 2,004 square kilometres (774 sq mi), and has a population of 946,277 as of 2010.
Oakwood, London
Oakwood is a suburban area of north London, in the London Borough of Enfield. It is situated within the Southgate postal area (London N14) and was, historically, the southernmost area of Enfield Chase.

N postcode area
The N (Northern) postcode area, also known as the London N postcode area, is the part of the London post town covering part of North London, England. It is a group of 25 postcode districts which covers around 17,429 live postcodes.

The area covers parts of the London Boroughs of Hackney, Islington, Camden, Barnet, Haringey and Enfield.