hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harbaksh Singh
Lieutenant General Harbaksh Singh, VrC (1 October 1913 – 14 November 1999) was an Indian senior military officer. As the commander of the Western Command, Singh commanded the Indian Army and played a key role during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. For his role in the war, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1966.

Jind State
Jind State (also spelled Jhind State) was a princely state located in the Punjab and Haryana regions of north-western India. The state was 3,260 km2 (1,260 sq mi) in area and its annual income was Rs.3,000,000 in the 1940s. This state was founded and ruled by the Jats of Sidhu clan.
Infinite Dendrogram
Infinite Dendrogram (＜Infinite Dendrogram＞-インフィニット・デンドログラム-, Infinitto Dendoroguramu) is a Japanese light novel series written by Sakon Kaidō and illustrated by Taiki. It began serialization online in 2015 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was acquired by Hobby Japan, who published the first light novel volume in November 2016 under their HJ Bunko imprint. Twenty-three volumes and one extra have been released as of December 2025. A manga adaptation with art by Kami Imai has been serialized via Hobby Japan's Comic Fire website since December 2016. It has been collected in fifteen tankōbon volumes. Both the light novel and manga have been licensed in North America by J-Novel Club. An anime television series adaptation by NAZ aired from January to April 2020.

Aya Uchida
Aya Uchida (内田 彩, Uchida Aya; born July 23, 1986) is a Japanese voice actress and singer. She played Kotori Minami in Love Live! School Idol Project and Kaban in Kemono Friends. She released the single "Sign/Candy Flavor", the song "Sign" was used as the ending theme for The Quintessential Quintuplets. Her nickname is Ucchi.
Cod Liver Oil (song)
"Cod Liver Oil" is a song about a traditional medicinal drink for many Newfoundlanders. Cod liver oil in the traditional way of manufacture was sun cured and served in bottles in its raw form. The song was written by Johnny Burke (1851–1930), a balladeer from St. John's, Newfoundland. It has been recorded by Burl Ives, Gordon Lightfoot, Irish band The Dubliners, and by Newfoundland folk rock band Great Big Sea on their album The Hard and the Easy.

The song is played to the melody of the traditional Irish sean-nós song "An Lacha Bacach" (Irish: The Lame Duck), as famously portrayed by Nell Ní Chróinín.

Cod liver oil
Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement derived from liver of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). As with most fish oils, it contains the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and also vitamin A and vitamin D.

Historically, it was given to children in the United States in the 19th century as a patent medicine and by the end of the century was being praised by doctors in medical journals. After it was shown, in 1920, that vitamin D deficiency was the cause of rickets, cod liver oil was given as a rich source of vitamin D.
Jerry Neyer
Jerry Neyer is an American Republican politician who represents Michigan's 92nd district in the Michigan House of Representatives, serving parts of Gratiot and Isabella counties. He was first elected in 2022. He was reelected in 2024.

Gratiot County, Michigan
Gratiot County (/ˈɡræʃɪt/ GRASH-it) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 41,761. The county seat is Ithaca, although its most populous city is Alma.

Gratiot County comprises the Alma, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Mount Pleasant-Alma, MI Combined Statistical Area. The Gratiot County Courthouse was designed in the classical revival style by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect. It is one of seven sites in the county listed on the National Register of Historic Places (No. 76002291 added 1976). In June 2012, the 212.8 MW Gratiot County Wind Project opened, the largest wind power installation in the state.
Orange-breasted fig parrot
The orange-breasted fig parrot has been split into three species:

Blue-fronted fig parrot, Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii

Black-fronted fig parrot, Cyclopsitta nigrifrons

Dusky-cheeked fig parrot, Cyclopsitta melanogenia

Black-fronted fig parrot
The black-fronted fig parrot (Nannopsittacus nigrifrons) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is found in northern New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Stefan Ilsanker
Stefan Ilsanker (born 18 May 1989) is an Austrian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

A product of the Red Bull Salzburg academy, Ilsanker's professional career spanned 15 years, where he also played for SV Mattersburg, RB Leipzig, Eintracht Frankfurt and Genoa. During his active career, he also represented Austria at the Under-19 European Championship and was also a member of the under-21 team. He was a full senior international between 2014 and 2022.

2007 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA U-19 Championship 2007 Final Tournament was held in Austria with matches played from 16–27 July 2007. Players born after 1 January 1988 were eligible to participate in this competition.

The draw was made on 13 June 2007. The venues were the Linzer Stadion in Linz, the Waldstadion in Pasching, the Fill Metallbau Stadion in Ried im Innkreis and the Vorwärts-Stadion in Steyr.
Caulophacus brandti
Caulophacus brandti is a species of glass sponges belonging to the subfamily Lanuginellinae. It is known from type specimens found in the Weddell Sea. The specific epithet was given in honor of Angelika Brandt.

Angelika Brandt
Angelika Brandt (born 6 December 1961) is the world leader in Antarctic deep-sea biodiversity and has developed, organised and led several oceanographic expeditions to Antarctica, notably the series of ANDEEP (ANtarctic benthic DEEP-sea biodiversity) cruises, which have contributed significantly to Antarctica and deep-sea biology. Brandt was the senior scientist of ANDEEP which was devoted entirely to benthic research in the Antarctic abyss.
Knorre
Knorre is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Friedrich Knorre (1759–1810), German-born astronomer and professor of mathematics who lived and worked in present-day Estonia

Karl Friedrich Knorre (1801–1883), son of Ernst Friedrich, Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin

Viktor Knorre (1840–1919), son of Karl Friedrich, Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin

Dmitrii Knorre (1926—2018), Russian chemist and biochemist

Ernst Friedrich Knorre
Ernst Christoph Friedrich Knorre (11 December 1759 – 1 December 1810) was a German-born astronomer who lived and worked in present-day Estonia as a founding professor of mathematics at the Universität Dorpat and chief observator for the Dorpat Observatory. His son Karl Friedrich Knorre and grandson Viktor Knorre were also notable astronomers. Recently NASA named an asteroid in honor of the three generations of Knorre astronomers.
Eric Heaton
Eric William Heaton (15 October 1920 – 24 August 1996) was an Old Testament scholar and a former Dean of Christ Church, Oxford (1979–1991).

Eric Heaton's father was a sheep farmer at Long Preston in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

He was educated at Ermysted's Grammar School and Christ's College, Cambridge (1939–1942) and a curate in Durham. He was appointed Chaplain of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1945. After seven years he was appointed a Canon of Salisbury Cathedral.

He was Fellow, Chaplain, and Tutor in Theology of St John's College, Oxford (1960–1974) and Senior Tutor (1967–1973). He was Dean of Durham Cathedral (1974–1979).

In 1951, he married Rachel Dodd, daughter of the eminent theologian C. H. Dodd whose work on the translation of the New English Bible Heaton much admired.

New English Bible
The New English Bible (NEB) is an English translation of the Bible. The New Testament was published in 1961 and the Old Testament (with the Apocrypha) was published on 16 March 1970. In 1989, it was significantly revised and republished as the Revised English Bible.
Plantation economy
A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent crops included cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal, Red Sandalwood, and species in the genus Indigofera, used to produce indigo dye.

The longer a crop's harvest period, the more efficient plantations become. Economies of scale are also achieved when the distance to market is long. Plantation crops usually need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugarcane, tea, sisal, and palm oil are most suited to plantations, while coconuts, rubber, and cotton are suitable to a lesser extent.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
Kent Robbins
Kent Marshall Robbins (April 23, 1947 – December 27, 1997) was an American country music songwriter.

Robbins was born  in Mayfield, Kentucky. He began writing for Charley Pride's Pi-Gem music in 1974. Between then and his death, he wrote songs for several other country music artists. Among his compositions was "Love Is Alive" by The Judds, for which he received a Grammy Award nomination in 1985. Robbins also founded a publishing company in 1981 with songwriter Buzz Cason.

Robbins died in an automobile accident outside Clanton, Alabama in 1997. One year after his death, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Clanton, Alabama
Clanton is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham–Hoover–Cullman Combined Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population was 8,768. The city is the county seat of Chilton County. Clanton is near the site of the geographic center of the U.S. state of Alabama.
Bromell
Bromell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Craig Bromell (born 1959), Canadian radio personality

John Bromell (1940–2013), Australian Drummer and Music Publisher

Henry Bromell (1947–2013), American writer and screenwriter

Lorenzo Bromell (born 1975), American football player

Tony Bromell (born 1932), Irish educationist and politician

Trayvon Bromell (born 1995), American sprinter

Lorenzo Bromell
Lorenzo Alexis Bromell (/broʊˈmɛl/; born September 23, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers and was selected in the fourth round of the 1998 NFL draft with the 102nd overall pick. Bromell began his professional career with the Miami Dolphins and played for the Minnesota Vikings, Oakland Raiders and New York Giants. During his career, Bromell compiled 27.5 sacks. He is best remembered for breaking Peyton Manning's jaw during a game in 2001.
Church of St Augustine, Clutton
The Church of St Augustine  is an Anglican parish church in Clutton Somerset, England. It was originally built around 1290, but much of it has been rebuilt since, and has been designated as a Grade II* listed building. The church is dedicated to St Augustine of Hippo.

The tower is made of red sandstone with diagonal buttresses ending in pinnacles and probably dates from 1726. The tower contains two bells dating from 1734, made by Thomas Bilbie of the Bilbie family.

Two railed tomb enclosures within the Broadribb family plot are also listed as Grade II,  as are a group of three Broadribb and Purnell monuments.

In 1780 John Wesley came to the church but was denied use of the pulpit, so he had to preach from a stone in the churchyard.

The parish is part of the benefice of Farmborough with Marksbury and Stanton Prior, Clutton with Cameley, and within the archdeaconry of Bath.

Stanton Prior
Stanton Prior is a small village within the civil parish of Marksbury, in the Bath and North East Somerset district, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. It is set in Duchy of Cornwall countryside between Newton St Loe and Marksbury, 6 miles (9.7 km) west from the UK city of Bath. In 1931 the parish had a population of 85. On 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished and merged with Marksbury.
Gothic art in Milan
Gothic art in Milan denotes the city's artistic period at the turn of the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 15th century. The Gothic style, initially introduced into Milanese territory by Cistercian monks, was the main artistic style of the vast patronage and self-celebrating agenda of the Visconti family, lords of Milan, whose rule over the city is usually associated with the Milanese Gothic period.

Azzone Visconti
Azzone Visconti (7 December 1302 – 16 August 1339) was lord of Milan from 1329 until his death. After the death of his uncle, Marco Visconti, he was threatened with excommunication and had to submit to Pope John XXII. Azzone reconstituted his family's land holdings, taking numerous cities. He died in 1339.
Green Meadows Conference
The Green Meadows Conference is an OHSAA athletic league located in northwest Ohio.  The eight member schools are all located in one of three counties:  Defiance County, Paulding County, or Williams County.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Męcidół
Męcidół [mɛnˈt͡ɕiduu̯] (German: Mummelsort) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Złocieniec, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Złocieniec, 24 km (15 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County and "Warlang-Heinrichsdorf Domain".

Złocieniec
Złocieniec [zwɔˈt͡ɕɛɲɛt͡s] (Kashubian: Walczembórg; German: Falkenburg) is a town in northwestern Poland. Located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship's Drawsko County since 1999, it was previously a part of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The population of Złocieniec is around 12,000 - it is therefore the biggest town in the county (powiat).
Scouting and Guiding in South Sudan
The Scout and Guide movement in South Sudan is served by

South Sudan Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

South Sudan Scout Association, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

South Sudan became an independent country on July 9, 2011, after which time the organizations split from the parent Sudanese organizations.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Ulisses Garcia
Ulisses Alexandre Garcia Lopes (born 11 January 1996) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Italian Serie A club Sassuolo on loan from French side Marseille. Born in Portugal to parents of Cape Verdean descent and raised in Switzerland, he plays for the Switzerland national team.

2020–21 Swiss Super League
The 2020–21 Swiss Super League (referred to as the Raiffeisen Super League for sponsoring reasons) was the 124th season of top-tier competitive football in Switzerland and the 18th under its current name and format.

A total of ten teams competed in the league: the eight best teams from the 2019–20 season, the 2019–20 Swiss Challenge League champions Lausanne-Sport and relegation play-off winners Vaduz. Young Boys were the three-time defending champions, and successfully defended their title.
Bertram John Walsh
Bertram John Walsh (born 7 May 1938) is an American mathematician, specializing in locally convex spaces, harmonic analysis, and partial differential equations.

After receiving his bachelor's degree from Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, Walsh received in 1960 his master's degree and in 1963 his PhD from the University of Michigan. His doctoral dissertation Structures of Spectral Measures on Locally Convex Spaces was written under the supervision of Helmut H. Schaefer. In the 1960s Walsh was a member of the mathematics faculty at UCLA. He moved to Rutgers University, where he is now a professor emeritus.

In 1974 he was an Invited Speaker with talk The Theory of Harmonic Spaces at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Vancouver.

Locally convex topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vector spaces whose topology is generated by translations of balanced, absorbent, convex sets. Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family. Although in general such spaces are not necessarily normable, the existence of a convex local base for the zero vector is strong enough for the Hahn–Banach theorem to hold, yielding a sufficiently rich theory of continuous linear functionals.

Fréchet spaces are locally convex topological vector spaces that are completely metrizable (with a choice of complete metric). They are generalizations of Banach spaces, which are complete vector spaces with respect to a metric generated by a norm.
Scouting and Guiding in Senegal
The Scout and Guide movement in Senegal is served by

Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme, umbrella organisation, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
Association des Scouts et Guides du Sénégal, also member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs du Sénégal

Scouts et guides musulmans du Sénégal

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
Signal station
A signal station is a form of aids to navigation that is defined by the IHO simply as "A signal station is a place on shore from which signals are made to ships at sea". While this broad definition would include coastal radio stations and fog signal stations, the term is most often used for shore installation that use visual signals to communicate with ships at sea.

International Hydrographic Organization
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) (French: Organisation Hydrographique Internationale) is an intergovernmental organization representing hydrography. As of August 2025, the IHO comprised 104 member states.

A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters are properly surveyed and charted. It does this through the setting of international standards and through its capacity building programs and offices.

The IHO enjoys observer status at the United Nations, where it is the recognized competent authority on hydrographic surveying and nautical charting. When referring to hydrography and nautical charting in conventions and similar instruments, it is the IHO standards and specifications that are normally used.
Teddy-Hermann
Teddy-Hermann GmbH is an international manufacturer of teddy bears and other plush toys based in Hirschaid, Germany. Teddy-Hermann is one of the oldest teddy bear producers in Germany. Its products are highly valued among collectors.

Teddy bear
A teddy bear, or simply a teddy, is a stuffed toy in the form of a bear. The teddy bear was named by Morris Michtom after the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt; it was developed apparently simultaneously in the first decade of the 20th century by two toymakers: Richard Steiff in Germany and Michtom in the United States. It became a popular children's toy, and it has been celebrated in story, song, and film.

Since the creation of the first teddy bears (which sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs), "teddies" have greatly varied in form, style, color, and material. They have become collector's items, with older and rarer teddies appearing at public auctions. Teddy bears are among the most popular gifts for children, and they are often given to adults to signify affection, congratulations, or sympathy.
Pleiades Phenomenon
The Pleiades Phenomenon refers to the chance encounter between a star and an interstellar cloud of dust that leads to the appearance of a reflection nebulosity with characteristics similar to those observed in the Pleiades open star cluster. This contrasts against reflection nebulae surrounding young stars where the dust is the remnant of star formation. The term Pleiades Phenomenon was coined by astronomer Paul Kalas who discovered five nebulosities not related to star forming regions using a coronagraph. The nebulosities were found to have "linear, filamentary, striated morphological structure" located between 1000 and 100,000 astronomical units from each star. A subsequent study of infrared sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud found evidence for the Pleiades Phenomenon outside of the Milky Way.

Paul Kalas
Paul Kalas (born August 13, 1967) is a Greek American astronomer known for his discoveries of debris disks around stars. Kalas led a team of scientists to obtain the first visible-light images of an extrasolar planet with orbital motion around the star Fomalhaut, at a distance of 25 light years from Earth. The planet is referred to as Fomalhaut b.