hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amalgamation property
In the mathematical field of model theory, the amalgamation property is a property of collections of structures that guarantees, under certain conditions, that two structures in the collection can be regarded as substructures of a larger one.

This property plays a crucial role in Fraïssé's theorem, which characterises classes of finite structures that arise as
ages of countable homogeneous structures.

The diagram of the amalgamation property appears in many areas of mathematical logic. Examples include in modal logic as an incestual accessibility relation, and in lambda calculus as a manner of reduction having the Church–Rosser property.

Diagram (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a diagram is the categorical analogue of an indexed family in set theory. The primary difference is that in the categorical setting one has morphisms that also need indexing. An indexed family of sets is a collection of sets, indexed by a fixed set; equivalently, a function from a fixed index set to the class of sets. A diagram is a collection of objects and morphisms, indexed by a fixed category; equivalently, a functor from a fixed index category to some category.
Peter Jerndorff
Peter William Jerndorff (24 November 1842 – 23 December 1926) was a Danish stage actor and opera singer. Amongst the roles he created were Dr. Rank in Ibsen's 1879 play A Doll's House and Leonard in Carl Nielsen's 1906 opera Maskarade. Towards the end of his career he taught diction and acting and appeared in Carl Dreyer's 1922 silent film Der var engang (Once Upon a Time). His students included the Danish opera singers Lauritz Melchior and Vilhelm Herold. Jerndoff died in Copenhagen, the city of his birth, at the age of 84.

Maskarade
Maskarade (Masquerade) is an opera in three acts by Carl Nielsen to a Danish libretto by Vilhelm Andersen, based on the comedy by Ludvig Holberg. It was first performed on 11 November 1906 at Royal Danish Theatre, Copenhagen. Maskarade has enjoyed enduring popularity in Denmark where it is considered to be the country's national opera.
Crassula closiana
Crassula closiana is a herb in the family Crassulaceae that is native to Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Western Australia.

The succulent annual herb has an erect habit and typically grows to a height of 1 to 10 centimetres (0.4 to 3.9 in). It produces white-cream flowers in the spring time between September and October.

In Australia, the plant is commonly found on granite slopes, sand dunes and in winter wet areas in the South West, Great Southern, Peel and Wheatbelt regions.

In Chile, the species is distributed between the Atacama and O'Higgins regions.

O'Higgins Region
The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, pronounced [liβeɾtaˈðoɾ xeneˈɾal βeɾˈnaɾðo oˈçiɣins]), often shortened to O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región de O'Higgins), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is subdivided into three provinces. It is named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founding fathers.

The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Republic of Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region. It extends approximately between the parallels of 33° 51' and 35° 01' south latitude, and between the meridian of 70° 02' west longitude and the Pacific Ocean.

The capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua. The second major town is San Fernando.
Schoutedeniastes
Schoutedeniastes is a genus of "jewel beetles" in the subfamily Polycestinae, containing the following species:

Schoutedeniastes amabilis (Laporte & Gory, 1835)

Schoutedeniastes apicata (Waterhouse, 1882)

Schoutedeniastes birmanica (Thery, 1947)

Schoutedeniastes duaulti Baudon, 1962

Schoutedeniastes hatai (Ohmomo & Akiyama, 1994)

Schoutedeniastes heiroglyphica (Thery, 1904)

Schoutedeniastes igorrota (Heller, 1891)

Schoutedeniastes magnifica (Waterhouse, 1875)

Schoutedeniastes ohkurai (Akiyama & Ohmomo, 1992)

Schoutedeniastes vitalisi (Bourgoin, 1922)

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Miss America 1977
Miss America 1977, the 50th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 11, 1976, on NBC Network. The winner was Miss Minnesota, Dorothy Benham.

Before the finals, Benham and second runner up Carmen McCollum shared victories of the talent and swimsuit preliminary trophies. Deborah Lipford, Miss Delaware, was the first black contestant to make it to the final 10, and only the sixth to win a state level Miss America contest.

Benham became a singer, appearing often on the Crystal Cathedral religious-themed program Hour of Power.

Among the other contestants in 1977 was Miss Florida, actress Nancy Stafford, who would co-star with Andy Griffith 11 years later in the NBC TV series Matlock.

Hour of Power
Hour of Power is a weekly American Evangelist television program broadcast from Shepherd's Grove Presbyterian Church in Irvine, California, near Los Angeles. It was formerly one of the most watched religious broadcasts in the world, seen by approximately two million viewers at its peak. It was formerly broadcast from the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California.

The program was founded and first hosted by Robert H. Schuller. It is currently hosted by Bobby Schuller, who is Robert H. Schuller's grandson.

The program is normally one hour long, but some networks broadcast an edited 30-minute program.
Don Beck (politician)
Donald Frederick Charles Beck (21 March 1936 – 21 April 2024) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1984 until 1999. He was a member of The Nationals.

Beck was born in Toowoomba. He worked as a refrigeration and electrical contractor in rural Queensland until settling in the Tweed River area in the early 1960s. He served two terms on the Tweed Shire Council prior to winning National Party pre-selection for the seat of Byron before the general election of 1984. He subsequently won the seat replacing the previous member, Jack Boyd. The seat was abolished prior to the 1988 election and Beck was then elected the member for Murwillumbah.  He held this seat until it was abolished in 1999. Beck then contested Tweed, which was basically a reconfigured version of his old seat.  However, he was defeated by Labor's Neville Newell.

He was a National Serviceman in 1955 and subsequently a member of the Citizens Military Forces.

Electoral district of Byron
Byron was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1913, replacing Rous, and named after Cape Byron. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, Byron absorbed Lismore and Clarence and elected three members. With the end of proportional representation in 1927, it was redivided into the single-member electorates of Byron, Lismore and Clarence. In 1988, Byron was replaced by Ballina and Murwillumbah.
Bellevue College (1883–1919)
Bellevue College was a private Presbyterian college located in Bellevue, Nebraska. The college was founded in 1880 by Henry T. Clarke Sr., a Nebraska pioneer. It opened in 1883, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Synod of Nebraska. Bellevue College closed in 1919, after its board of trustees voted to turn the college over to the government.

Bellevue College's sports teams were known as the Redmen. The school's colors were royal purple and old gold.

Bellevue, Nebraska
Bellevue (French for 'beautiful view'; previously named Belleview) is a suburban city in Sarpy County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area, and had a population of 64,176 as of the 2020 census, making it the 3rd most populous city in Nebraska, behind Omaha and Lincoln.
Dirt 5
Dirt 5 is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters. The game was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on 6 November 2020, for Xbox Series X/S on 10 November, and for PlayStation 5 on 12 November (for North America, Oceania, Japan, and South Korea) and 19 November (for most other regions), for Stadia on 24 March 2021, and for Luna on 15 July 2021. It was the last video game released by Codemasters as a publisher before being acquired by Electronic Arts (EA) on 18 February 2021.

Amazon Luna
Amazon Luna is a cloud gaming platform developed and operated by Amazon. The platform has integration with Twitch and is available on Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, Amazon Fire TV, iOS and iPadOS (as a progressive web app) as well as Android. Games and channels from brands such as Ubisoft+ and Jackbox Games are accessed via the Luna+ paid subscription.

Luna uses the Windows Server operating system and Nvidia Tesla T4 graphics cards from Amazon Web Services for streaming games, and is available in the United States, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Luna's competitors include other cloud gaming platforms like Xbox Cloud Gaming, PlayStation Plus cloud streaming, and GeForce Now.
Czenglish
Czenglish, a portmanteau of the words Czech and English, refers to the interlanguage of English heavily influenced by Czech pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar or syntax spoken by learners of English as a second language. The term Czenglish is first recorded in 1989, with the slightly earlier variant Czechlish recorded from 1982.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Radiant, Ontario
Radiant is an unincorporated place and former railway point in geographic Deacon Township in the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Radiant is located within Algonquin Provincial Park on Radiant Lake on the Petawawa River.

It lies on the now abandoned Canadian National Railway Beachburg Subdivision, a section of track that was originally constructed as the Canadian Northern Railway main line, between Odenback to the west and Lake Traverse to the east; it had a passing track.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.
British West Indies Study Circle
The British West Indies Study Circle exists to promote interest in and the study of the stamps and postal history of the islands that comprise the British West Indies and in addition Bermuda, British Guiana (Guyana) and British Honduras (Belize) and the postal history and postal markings of other British interests in the Caribbean, and Central or South America.

The Circle publish a Quarterly Bulletin and other books and monographs relating to the area.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Milak, Ganaveh
Milak (Persian: ميلك, also Romanized as Mīlak) is a village in Hayat Davud Rural District, in the Central District of Ganaveh County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 5 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Ralph Evans (footballer)
Denzil Ralph Evans (9 October 1915 – 20 February 1996) was an English association footballer.

Born in Hungerford, Evans' first club was Yeovil & Petters United. He joined Football League club Bury on amateur terms in 1934, turning professional at the end of the 1934–35 season. After spending the 1936–37 season at Halifax Town, Evans joined Watford, where he would remain for the rest of his career. The Second World War severely hampered Evans' career, but he managed to finish as Watford's top scorer in 1946–47. His playing days were ended the following year, but Evans stayed at the club as a coach until 1952. He died in 1996, aged 80.

FC Halifax Town
FC Halifax Town is a professional association football club based in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They currently compete in the National League, the fifth level of English football league system.

They replaced Halifax Town, who went into administration in the 2007–08 season. FC Halifax were initially placed in the Northern Premier League Division One North, the eighth tier of English football ahead of the 2008–09 season. Under manager Neil Aspin, the club won three promotions, reaching the top division of non-League football by 2013. FC Halifax won the FA Trophy in 2015–16 but were relegated to the National League North in the same season before returning to the National League immediately thanks to a play-off win against Chorley. FC Halifax also won the FA Trophy in the 2022–23 season. They play at The Shay.
And Another Thing... (album)
And Another Thing... is a third studio album by 10cc bass player Graham Gouldman released in 2000. The album is a mix of newly written songs and new versions of tracks from earlier stages of Gouldman's musical career. The album's title is a reference to Gouldman's first solo album, released in 1968: The Graham Gouldman Thing, which utilized the same concept.

Chris Difford
Christopher Henry Difford (born 4 November 1954) is an English musician. He is a founding member and songwriter of the rock group Squeeze.

Difford is known for his songwriting partnership with Squeeze co-founder Glenn Tilbrook with the pair having released fifteen studio albums together as Squeeze, and an album in 1984 as Difford & Tilbrook.
Monte Alegre de Sergipe
Monte Alegre de Sergipe (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈmõtʃi aˈlɛɡɾi dʒi seʁˈʒipi]) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 15,175 (2020). Monte Alegre de Sergipe covers 407 km2 (157 mi2) with a population density of 37 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Sergipe
Sergipe (English: /ˌsɛərˈʒiːpi/, sair-ZHEE-pee ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [sɛʁˈʒipi] ⓘ), officially the State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at 21,910 square kilometres (8,460 mi2), larger only than the Federal District. Sergipe borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state; the state is divided into 75 municipalities. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.
Zamir Ali Badayuni
Zamir Ali Badayuni (sometimes spelled Badayooni or Badaiyuni; 20 June 1941 – 20 October 2003) was a Pakistani critic and broadcaster on the Karachi literary scene. He worked at the Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation with Saleem Ahmed and Qamar Jameel. Badayuni wrote two books: the first, Jadeediyet aur mabaad jadeediyet, focused on modern philosophy and literary criticism and won the Baba-e-Urdu Award from the Pakistan Academy of Letters; and the second, Ma bad jadeediyet ka doosra rukh, focused on postmodernism and won the Abdul Haq Award from Adbiat Pakistan.

Badayuni was born 20 June 1941 in Badayun, UP, India, the son of Yaqoob Ali, and received his early education in Bombay before migrating to Pakistan. He died in Karachi on 20 October 2003.

Budaun
Budaun (romanised: Badāʾūn or Badāyūn, Hindi pronunciation: [bəd̪aːjũː]) is a medieval city and headquarters of Budaun district, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located about a mile east of the Sot river, and 27 km north of the Ganges, in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. According to the 2011 census, Budaun has a population of 159,221, which is projected to be 161,555 at present. Budaun rose to historical importance as the capital of the Delhi Sultanate for four years from 1210 CE to 1214 CE during the reign of Sultan Iltutmish. It was the most important post of Northern Frontier during Mughal reign. Budaun is a big market, historically famous and religiously important city. Budaun is 230 km south-east of New Delhi and 245 km north-west of Lucknow, both taking about 6 hours by road.
Barton, New Mexico
Barton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bernalillo and Santa Fe counties, New Mexico, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Barton is in eastern Bernalillo County and the southwest corner of Santa Fe County. It is bordered to the east by the town of Edgewood and to the northwest by Sedillo. Interstate 40 forms the northern border of the community, leading west 25 miles (40 km) to Albuquerque and east 90 miles (140 km) to Santa Rosa. New Mexico State Road 217 crosses Barton from its start at I-40 and leads south 7 miles (11 km) to New Mexico State Road 222 near Manzano Springs.

New Mexico State Road 217
State Road 217 (NM 217) is a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. Its total length is approximately 10.545 miles (16.971 km). NM 217's southern terminus is in the village of Yrisarri, at NM 337 and NM 217's northern terminus is at NM 333 east of Sedillo.
Dusty Ryan
Dusty Mitchell Ryan (born September 2, 1984) is an American former professional baseball player. A catcher, Ryan played in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers.

Ryan's first major league hit was a home run. He is 6'4" tall and weighs 220 pounds.

On December 21, 2009, Ryan was traded from the Detroit Tigers to the San Diego Padres for a player to be named later or cash considerations.

Ryan was called up to the Padres on May 31, 2010. On November 6, 2010 Ryan signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets with an invitation to Major League spring training.

In May 2012, Ryan was working as a laborer for facilities management at the University of California, Merced campus.

Dusty works as a heavy equipment operator for Merced Irrigation District.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
Ryan Pugh
Ryan Pugh (born December 4, 1988) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the offensive line coach at Appalachian State.  Previously, he was the offensive line coach at Abilene Christian and, before that, the offensive line coach and running game coordinator at Southern University. Before going to Southern, he was most recently the offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at Troy. Pugh was a prominent center for the Auburn Tigers of Auburn University; selected All-Southeastern Conference in 2010. He is married to Cathey Lee (Dalton) Pugh.

Troy Trojans football
The Troy Trojans football program represents Troy University at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level, where it has competed since 2001. The football program joined the Sun Belt Conference in 2004. The current head football coach is Gerad Parker. Troy has won 23 conference championships, with eight in the Sun Belt Conference. The Trojans play home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium in Troy, Alabama.
The Ship (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
"The Ship" is the 100th episode overall of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and the second episode of the fifth season. This episode aired on syndicated television on October 7, 1996. It was written by Hans Beimler,  Pam Wigginton and Rick Cason, and it was directed by Kim Friedman.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet-managed space station Deep Space Nine, adjacent to a wormhole leading to the distant Gamma Quadrant of the galaxy. Later seasons of the show follow the conflict between the United Federation of Planets and a hostile empire from the Gamma Quadrant known as the Dominion, ruled by the shape-shifting Changelings. In this episode, the Deep Space Nine crew comes into conflict with the Dominion's genetically-engineered soldiers, the Jem'Hadar, when trying to salvage a crashed Jem'Hadar ship.

Guest stars in this episode include Kaitlin Hopkins as Kilana and F. J. Rio as Muñiz.

United Federation of Planets
In the fictional universe of Star Trek, the United Federation of Planets (UFP) is the interstellar government with which, as part of its space force Starfleet, most of the characters and starships of the franchise are affiliated. Commonly called "the Federation", it was introduced in the original Star Trek television series. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of the Star Trek franchise's central themes.

The Federation is an organization of numerous planetary sovereignties, including Earth and Vulcan. The franchise focuses on Starfleet, the exploration and defense arm of the Federation, rather than the Federation's government. Viewers are rarely given details of the internal workings of the government; however, many episodes refer to the rules and laws that the Federation imposes on the characters and their adventures.