hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mummidivaram Assembly constituency
Mummidivaram Assembly constituency is a constituency in Konaseema district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency.

Ponnada Venkata Satish Kumar is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from YSR Congress Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 229,431 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1978).

2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election were held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 11 April 2019 for constituting the fifteenth legislative assembly in the state. They were held alongside the 2019 Indian general election.

The YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) won the election in a landslide, winning 151 of the 175 seats, with the incumbent Telugu Desam Party (TDP) winning 23. The Janasena Party (JSP) entered the legislature with one seat, while the Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats.

Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy was unanimously voted as legislature leader of the YSRCP, and was invited to form the government by the Governor of Andhra Pradesh, E. S. L. Narasimhan. This was the second assembly in Andhra Pradesh after the bifurcation of the state into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Warpaint shiner
The warpaint shiner (Coccotis coccogenis) is a species of freshwater fish found in North America. It is common in the upper Tennessee River basin as well as in the Savannah River, the Santee River, and the New River in North Carolina. Adults have a mean length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) and can reach a maximum length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in). The maximum age reported for this species is 4 years.

Warpaint shiners live in cool streams with gravel and rubble beds. They feed on aquatic insect larvae and on terrestrial insects they catch on the water surface. The warpaint shiner provides forage  for sport fish such as small and large mouth bass. Importantly the warpaint shiner acts as host to the federally endangered freshwater mussels known as heelsplitters.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
Missisquoi River North
The Missisquoi North River is a tributary of the Missisquoi River. The Missisquoi North River flows through the municipalities of Eastman, Stukely-Sud, Saint-Étienne-de-Bolton, Bolton-Est, Mansonville and Potton, in the Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Estrie
Estrie (French pronunciation: [ɛstʁi]) is an administrative region of Quebec that comprises the Eastern Townships. Estrie, a French neologism, was coined as a derivative of est, "east". Originally settled by anglophones, today it is about 90 per cent francophone. Anglophones are concentrated in Lennoxville, home of the region's only English-speaking university, Bishop's University. The English-language Eastern Townships School Board runs 20 elementary schools, three high schools, and a learning centre.

The region originally consisted of 6 regional county municipalities. In 2021, La Haute-Yamaska & Brome-Missisquoi joined Estrie, transferring from Montérégie.
Quranic cosmology
Quranic cosmology is how the Quran views the nature of the cosmos, especially its origins, development, and structure. In the Quran, the cosmos originates in an act of creation by God of the heavens and the earth over the course of six days, with the earth being created first, and the heavens second. The layout of the cosmos includes a solid firmament (called the heaven), below it being a flat earth compared to a spread-out bed. A cosmic ocean is found both above the heaven and below the earth. The number of heavens is seven, with possibly seven earths as well, arranged like a stack of plates. Above the highest heaven is the Throne of God.

In the Quran, cosmology is related to themes of purpose, divine will, and an emphasis on the ordering of the world to allow human beings to live on it.

Cosmos
The cosmos (/ˈkɒzmɒs/, US also /-moʊs, -məs/; Ancient Greek: κόσμος, romanized: kósmos) is an alternative name for the universe or its nature or order. Usage of the word cosmos implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity.

The cosmos is studied in cosmology – a broad discipline covering scientific, religious or philosophical aspects of the cosmos and its nature. Religious and philosophical approaches may include the cosmos among spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside the physical universe.
Alta California Telegraph Company
The Alta California Telegraph Company (also referred to simply as the Alta Telegraph Company) was a telegraph company which operated in the mid-19th century within the state of California prior to the construction of the Transcontinental Telegraph.  It was organized in July 1852, and incorporated in January 1854  and began constructing its first line that same year, stretching from Sacramento to Marysville and extending up into the foothills of the adjacent Sierra Nevada mountains.  In subsequent years, a line was constructed between Sacramento and Benicia.  From Benicia, a branch line was extended to Vallejo and the US Navy yard at Mare Island.

The principal offices of the company were located in San Francisco (153 Montgomery Street at Merchant St.), and Sacramento in the historic Hastings Building on Second Street.

Vallejo, California
Vallejo (/vəˈleɪ(h)oʊ/ və-LAY-(h)oh; Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎexo] ⓘ) is a city in Solano County, California, United States, and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 United States census. Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.

Vallejo is named after Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded in 1851 on General Vallejo's Rancho Suscol to serve as the capital city of California, which it was from 1852 to 1853, after which the Californian government moved to neighboring Benicia, named in honor of Vallejo's wife Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo. The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was founded in 1854, and defined Vallejo's economy until the turn of the 21st century.
Mary Bayard Devereux Clarke
Mary Bayard Devereux Clarke (née Devereux; May 13, 1827 – March 30, 1886) was a writer, poet, and editor who resided in North Carolina. Described posthumously by the Raleigh News and Observer as "one of its most gifted daughters", She set out to demonstrate the literary talent of her state while also learning from other cultures and styles of writing. Born and raised in Raleigh, Clarke began her work by compiling an anthology of North Carolina poetry, Wood Notes, before writing her own poetry which appeared in numerous magazines, newspapers, and journals in the United States and abroad.

The News & Observer
The News & Observer is an American regional daily newspaper that serves the greater Triangle area based in Raleigh, North Carolina. The paper is the largest in circulation in the state (second is The Charlotte Observer). The paper has been awarded three Pulitzer Prizes, the most recent of which was in 1996 for a series on the health and environmental impact of North Carolina's booming hog industry. The paper was one of the first in the world to launch an online version of the publication, Nando.net in 1994.
James Smith (university principal)
James Smith (1681–1736) was a Church of Scotland minister in Cramond: 441  and the Principal of the University of Edinburgh from 1733 to 1736. He had been appointed professor of Divinity on 16 Feb 1732 and succeeded Dr William Hamilton in both offices.: 282 : 383  He was also twice Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.: 441

Divinity (academic discipline)
Divinity is the study of Christian theology and ministry at a school, divinity school, university, or seminary.  The term is sometimes a synonym for theology as an academic, speculative pursuit, and sometimes is used for the study of applied theology and ministry to make a distinction between that and academic theology.

While it most often refers to Christian study which is linked with the professional degrees for ordained ministry or related work, it is also used in an academic setting by other faith traditions. For example, in many traditional British public schools and universities, the term is often used in place of Religious Studies, which deals with religion more broadly, to describe classes that include theology and philosophy in the context of religion as a whole, rather than just the Christian tradition.
Gernot Ludwig Windfuhr
Gernot Ludwig Windfuhr (born 2 August 1938 in Essen) is a retired professor from the University of Michigan, where he taught in the Department of Near Eastern Studies. He graduated from the Cologne Center of Language Sciences at the University of Cologne in 1962, in Iranian studies from the University of Tehran in 1961, and in Islamic studies, Iranian studies, and linguistics from the University of Hamburg in 1965.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
1999 Direct Line International Championships – Singles
The 1999 Direct Line International Championships singles was the singles event of the twenty-fifth edition of the Eastbourne International, a WTA Tier II tournament held in Eastbourne, England, United Kingdom and part of the European grass court season. Jana Novotná was the reigning champion but did not participate this year, which was her final year on tour before retiring in the fall.

Natasha Zvereva won in the final 0–6, 7–5, 6–3 against Nathalie Tauziat.

Elena Tatarkova
Elena Tatarkova or Olena Tatarkova (Ukrainian: Олена Tатаркова, born 22 August 1976) is a former professional tennis player from Ukraine.

She won four doubles titles on WTA Tour, and four singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Her best career result came in doubles; she reached the 1999 Wimbledon final with partner Mariaan de Swardt, which they lost to Lindsay Davenport and Corina Morariu. Tatarkova also made the 2001 French Open doubles semifinals with Justine Henin. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 45, and highest doubles ranking of No. 9, both in 1999.

Since retiring from professional tennis in 2004, she married Timothy Feltham in September 2007 and is mother to Stanley (Apr 2009) and Austin (Feb 2012)
Anders Nielsen Hatt
Anders Nielsen Hatt (born before 1612, died after 1626) was a wood carver active in Roskilde on the Danish island of Zealand. He is remembered especially for his carved pulpits in the area.

There is only one remaining work signed by Nielsen Hatt, the pulpit in Stenløse Church near Frederikssund. The accounts for the church in Ubby Church near Kalundborg indicate that a craftsman from Roskilde created the pulpit there. It was very probably Nielsen Hatt, especially as it coincides with his style. The pulpit in Smørum Church is said to be the work of Brix Michgell's workshop in Roskilde but the figures of the Evangelists are certainly Nielsen Hatt's. The altarpiece in Tuse Church is said to be his work and he is thought to have contributed to the altarpiece in Smørum.

The pulpit in St Jørgensbjerg Church in Roskilde is also thought to be the work of Nielsen Hatt, as is the pulpit in Svinninge Church.

Four Evangelists
In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts. In the New Testament, they bear the following titles: the Gospel of Matthew; the Gospel of Mark; the Gospel of Luke; and the Gospel of John.
Suslonger
Suslonger (Russian: Сусло́нгер; Meadow Mari: Сӱзлэҥер, Süzleŋer) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Zvenigovsky District of the Mari El Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,161.

Meadow Mari language
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation.

Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological.
Ghosh
Ghosh (Bengali: ঘোষ) is a native Bengali surname that is found among the Bengali Hindu community of India and Bangladesh. A popular alternative spelling is Ghose.

Ghoshes originally belong to Kayastha caste in Bengal. According to GK Ghosh, some Bengali surnames like Ghosh were adopted from Buddhist tradition. Ghoshes are considered as Kulin Kayasthas of Soukalin gotra, along with Boses, Mitras, and Bangaja (Eastern Bengal) Guhas.

Ghosh surname is in vogue among the Sadgop and Goala/Gowala communities in Bengal.

Gowala (caste)
Gowala (also spelled as Goala) is a subcaste of Ahir/Yadav community, found in the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal, Tripura and Himachal Pradesh and the neighbouring states of Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab and Chandigarh. Traditionally they are herdsmen or milkmen and considered a prosperous community.
The Morph Files
The Morph Files is a 1996 British children's stop-motion animated comedy television series featuring Morph. The series was narrated by Neil Morrissey and produced by Aardman Animations. The series is a mix of new animation and old footage from former shows, and features the same cast from The Amazing Adventures of Morph as well as footage from that show. It was originally aired on the BBC in 1996 and was later aired on the ABC in Australia from 1 June 1998 to 13 June 2000, ATV World in Hong Kong, SABC 2 in South Africa and Channel 5 and Arts Central in Singapore as well as on military television on BFBS and SSVC Television in a number of countries such as Germany, Falkland Islands and Cyprus.

Neil Morrissey
Neil Anthony Morrissey (born 4 July 1962) is an English actor, businessman, narrator, and television presenter. He is perhaps best known for providing the voice of the titular character, Lofty, Roley, Farmer Pickles, and others in Bob the Builder. Other notable acting roles include Rocky in Boon, Tony in Men Behaving Badly, Deputy Head Eddie Lawson in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road, and Nigel Morton in Line of Duty.
Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien
J. R. R. Tolkien derived the characters, stories, places, and languages of Middle-earth from many sources. Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien was substantial, despite Tolkien's professed dislike of the playwright. Tolkien disapproved in particular of Shakespeare's devaluation of elves, and was deeply disappointed by the prosaic explanation of how Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane Hill in Macbeth. Tolkien was influenced especially by Macbeth and A Midsummer Night's Dream, and he used King Lear for "issues of kingship, madness, and succession". He arguably drew on several other plays, including The Merchant of Venice, Henry IV, Part 1, and Love's Labour's Lost, as well as Shakespeare's poetry, for numerous effects in his Middle-earth writings. The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey suggests that Tolkien may even have felt a kind of fellow-feeling with Shakespeare, as both men were rooted in the county of Warwickshire.

Michael D. C. Drout
Michael D. C. Drout (/draʊt/; born 3 May 1968) is an American Professor of English and Director of the Center for the Study of the Medieval at Wheaton College. He is an author and editor specializing in Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature, science fiction and fantasy, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and Ursula Guin.
Affectio societatis
Affectio societatis is the common will of two or more natural or legal persons to form a legal entity. It is a key characteristic of a company under French law. Articles 1832 and 1833 of the French Civil Code form the basis of this principle, although since there is no statutory definition, it has also been shaped by jurisprudence.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.
Gennady Konyakhin
Gennady Vladimirovich Konyakhin (Russian: Геннадий Владимирович Коняхин, born 25 April 1959) is a Russian businessman and former politician. He was elected mayor of the West-Siberian mining city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky in April 1997.

He became known Russiawide after publications in the Izvestia newspaper, in which he was associated with the criminals. Russian president Boris Yeltsin cited the election of Konyakhin as an example of "bandits' strive for power." Konyakhin was arrested October 8, 1997 in Moscow and charged with misappropriation of government funds. On November 18, 1998, he was sentenced to a four-year suspended sentence.

Izvestia
Izvestia (Russian: Известия, romanized: Izvestiya, IPA: [ɪzˈvʲesʲtʲɪjə], "The News") is a daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia. Founded in February 1917, Izvestia, which covered foreign relations, was the organ of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, disseminating official state propaganda. It is now described as a "national newspaper" of Russia.

The word izvestiya in Russian means "bring news" or "tidings", "herald" (an official messenger bringing news), derived from the verb izveshchat ("to inform", "to notify").
2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 30th edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. The tournament was held in Poland between 24 August and 3 September.

Russia defeated Germany in the final to capture a record 14th title in the tournament. Serbia defeated Belgium for the bronze medal. Maxim Mikhaylov from Russia was elected the MVP.

Russia men's national volleyball team
The Russia men's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and took part in international volleyball competitions.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1948–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. The following year they sent a team to compete in the first FIVB Men’s World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won six World Championships, four Olympic Games, six World Cups and 14 European Championships (medals of Russian and the Soviet union combined).

On 28 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIVB and CEV suspended the participation of Russia in their competitions.
Iraqi Special Security Organization
The Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO; Arabic: الأمن الخاص, Al-Amn al-Khas) was the most powerful Iraqi security agency under President Saddam Hussein and was responsible for personal security of high-ranking government officials and presidential facilities. This agency, in an effort to provide security to the regime and assure quality control throughout the intelligence directorates, had the authority to carry out abduction, murder, and intimidation. All was done on direct orders from the Hussein leadership. Its director, Hani Abd Al-Latif Tilfah Al-Tikriti was the seventh most wanted Iraqi government individual by the United States. He was the highest-ranking unpictured person in the U.S. Army most-wanted Iraqi playing cards (the king of hearts). He was captured in June 2004.

SSO was officially dissolved on 23 May 2003 per Order Number 2 of the Coalition Provisional Authority under Administrator L. Paul Bremer.

Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards
During the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency developed a set of playing cards to help troops identify the most-wanted members of President Saddam Hussein's government, mostly high-ranking members of the Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or members of the Revolutionary Command Council; among them were some of Hussein's family members. The cards were officially named the "personality identification playing cards".

As of 6 January 2025, all but four of the 52 most wanted have either died or been captured, ten of whom have been released.
Nightingale's environmental theory
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), considered the founder of educated and scientific nursing and widely known as "The Lady with the Lamp". wrote the first nursing notes that became the basis of nursing practice and research.  The notes, entitled Notes on Nursing: What it is, and What it is Not (1860), listed some of her theories that have served as foundations of nursing practice in various settings, including the succeeding conceptual frameworks and theories in the field of nursing. Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist.  One of her theories was the Environmental Theory, which incorporated the restoration of the usual health status of the nurse's clients into the delivery of health care—it is still practiced today.

Conceptual framework
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.