hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manchester City Police
The Manchester City Police (also known as the Metropolitan Manchester City Police and from 1842 to 1853 the Manchester Borough Police) was, from the early 19th century until 1968, the territorial police force of the city of Manchester, in northern England.

Charge-books of the Manchester Division of the Lancashire County Constabulary 1842 to 1854, and summons-books 1847 to 1862, are held in the Lancashire Record Office.

Sir Robert Peacock was Chief Constable of Manchester from 1898 to 1926.
In 1927, Manchester City Police was the first force in the United Kingdom to employ a female police surgeon when they appointed Nesta Wells.
In 1937, Manchester City Police moved into a new headquarters building in Bootle Street, designed by the Manchester City Architect, G. Noel Hill.

Under the provisions of the Police Act 1964, Manchester City Police merged with the Salford City Police to create the Manchester and Salford Police.

City Architect
City Architect is a public official responsible for planning and shaping the physical layout and design of a city. City architect manages building permits, approvals, detailed plans, infrastructure development and other matters relating to construction in the city. This profession has existed for hundreds of years, – Stockholm's first city architect was appointed in 1661. In earlier times, the role of city architect often also included the responsibility of designing public buildings.
Urethral resistance pressure
Urethral resistance pressure is the pressure existing in urethra during urination or other conditions generated by the detrusor muscle. It forces urine into and through the urethra in order for micturition. In the urethra, part of that pressure is converted to dynamic (forward) pressure which helps voiding happen. On the other hand, static (lateral) pressure helps preventing involuntary dribbling. Decline in urethral resistance pressure is one of the contributing factors is some forms of incontinence for example stress incontinence as a result of atrophy in menopause.

Decline in urethral resistance pressure is commonly associated with decline in bladder outlet.

Urethral retro-resistance pressure (URP) is a new clinical measure of urethral function measured by a new urodynamic measurement system. URP is the pressure required to achieve and maintain an open sphincter.

Urodynamic testing
Urodynamic testing or urodynamics is a study that assesses how the bladder and urethra are performing their job of storing and releasing urine. Urodynamic tests can help explain symptoms such as:

incontinence

frequent urination

sudden, strong urges to urinate but nothing comes out

problems starting a urine stream

painful urination

problems emptying the bladder completely (Vesical tenesmus, detrusor failure)

recurrent urinary tract infections

Urodynamic tests are usually performed in urology, gynecology, OB/GYN, internal medicine, and primary care offices.  Urodynamics will provide the physician with the information necessary to diagnose the cause and nature of a patient's incontinence, thus giving the best treatment options available. Urodynamics is typically conducted by urologists or urogynecologists.
Alex Lincoln
Alexander Lincoln (born November 17, 1977) is an American former professional football linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers in the National Football League (NFL).

Lincoln attended Murphy High School in Mobile, Alabama.  Lincoln later played college football for Auburn University, where he was roommates with Heath Evans, a fullback on the 2007 New England Patriots.  He was selected 209th overall in the seventh round in the 2001 NFL draft. Mel Kiper Jr. had noted Lincoln in his list of top inside linebackers available in the draft.

Lincoln is general manager of Athletes' Performance Florida, located in Gulf Breeze, FL, on the Baptist Healthcare campus adjoining the Andrews Institute of orthopaedic surgeon James Andrews.

EXOS
Exos is an American company founded in 1999. Exos is described as a science-driven performance company. In 2014, Exos acquired Medifit Corporate Services, which staffs corporate wellness centers nationwide. The company was founded by Mark Verstegen in 1999 and based in Phoenix, Arizona. it has private training facilities in:

Phoenix, Arizona

Fieldhouse USA in Frisco, Texas

StubHub Center in Carson, California

the SKLZ headquarters in Carlsbad, California

the Andrews Institute in Gulf Breeze, Florida

The company offers training and nutrition services in Raleigh, North Carolina and Cary, North Carolina through a partnership with Raleigh Orthopedic Clinic.

EXOS Human Capital LLC is a private personalized performance training institute, with an estimated 1001 to 5000 employees and $100-$500 million annual revenue. Their primary competitors include Plus One Health Management, Health Fitness, and Aquila LTD.
Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus
Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus was a Roman senator, general, and amicus to each of the Flavian emperors. He proved his value to the Flavians when, as legatus legionis, or commander, of Legio III Augusta stationed in Africa, he assassinated the proconsul, who favored a rival of Vespasian during the Year of Four Emperors. He maintained his loyalty through the reigns of his sons Titus and Domitian, but fell out of favor during the latter's reign and was forced to commit suicide.

Tacitus describes him in AD 70 as "a young man of extravagant habits and immoderate ambition".

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
St Peter's Vicarage, Vauxhall
St Peter's Vicarage is an Anglican church vicarage at 308 Kennington Lane, Vauxhall, London SE11.

It was built in the late 18th century, and has been Grade II listed since 1974. St Peter's Church is next door at no 310.

Vauxhall
Vauxhall (/ˈvɒks(h)ɔːlˌ -əl/ ⓘ VOKS-(h)awl, -⁠əl) is an area of South London, within the London Borough of Lambeth. Named after a medieval manor called Fox Hall, it became well known for the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens.

From the Victorian period until the mid-20th century, Vauxhall was a mixed industrial and residential area, of predominantly manual workers' homes – many demolished and replaced by Lambeth Council with social housing after the Second World War – and business premises, including large railway, gas, and water works. These industries contrasted with the mostly residential neighbouring districts of Kennington and Pimlico. As in neighbouring Battersea and Nine Elms, riverside redevelopment has converted most former industrial sites into residential properties and new office space.

Vauxhall has given its name to the Vauxhall Bridge, Vauxhall parliamentary constituency and Vauxhall Motors.
Benjamin Barber
Benjamin R. Barber (August 2, 1939 – April 24, 2017) was an American political theorist and author, perhaps best known for his 1995 bestseller, Jihad vs. McWorld, and for 2013's If Mayors Ruled the World. His 1984 book of political theory, Strong Democracy, was revised and reissued in 2004. He was an adviser to political leaders including Bill Clinton, Howard Dean, and Muammar Gaddafi. He was a board member of the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation.

Gaddafi International Foundation for Charity Associations
The Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation (GICDF, Arabic: مؤسسة القذافي العالمية للجمعيات الخيرية والتنمية), known also as GIFCA, was an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) with headquarters formerly located in the Libyan capital Tripoli and offices in Chad, Germany, the Philippines and Sudan. GICDF was established in 1998 upon signature of its charter in Geneva, Switzerland. The president of the Foundation was Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, a son of the former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
Dimerandra
Dimerandra, abbreviated Dmd. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The group is found across tropical America: southern Mexico (as far north as Veracruz), Central America, the West Indies and northern South America.

Rudolf Schlechter
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.

He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.

His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.
Cantley railway station
Cantley railway station is a stop on the Wherry Lines in the East of England, serving the village of Cantley, Norfolk. It is 10 miles (16 km) down the line from Norwich on the routes to Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth; it is situated between Buckenham and Reedham. Its three-letter station code is CNY.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.
Wisconsin's 7th Assembly district
The 7th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in southeast Wisconsin, the district comprises part of central Milwaukee County, including parts of the cities of Milwaukee, West Allis, and Greenfield.  The district also contains Alverno College, Calvary Cemetery, Mount Olivet Cemetery, and American Family Field, home of the Milwaukee Brewers. The district is represented by Democrat Karen Kirsch, since January 2025.

The 7th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 3rd Senate district, along with the 8th and 9th Assembly districts.

Calvary Cemetery (Milwaukee)
Calvary Cemetery is the oldest existing Catholic cemetery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Owned by the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, it is the final resting place for many of the city's early influential figures. The cemetery was designated a Milwaukee Landmark in 1981.

With 75 acres (30 ha) and approximately 80,000 interments, the Victorian landscape contains many ornate statues, crypts and monuments.
Squaw
The English word squaw is an ethnic and sexual slur, historically used for Indigenous North American women. Contemporary use of the term, especially by non-Natives, is considered derogatory, misogynist, and racist.

While squaw (or a close variant) is found  in several Eastern and Central Algonquian languages, primarily spoken in the northeastern United States and in eastern and central Canada, these languages only make up a small minority of the Indigenous languages of North America. The word "squaw" is not used among Native American, First Nations, Inuit, or Métis peoples. Even in Algonquian, the words used are not the English-language word.

Buffalo Common Council
The Buffalo Common Council is the lawmaking body of the city of Buffalo, New York, United States. It is a representative assembly, with one elected member from each of nine districts: Niagara, Delaware, Masten, Ellicott, Lovejoy, Fillmore, North, University, and South. In the past, the Common Council also had as many as five at-large members and a Council President who were elected citywide. Each council seat is elected for a four-year term, with elections occurring during off-years, between mid-term elections and presidential elections.
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück (German pronunciation: [ˈyːbiɡaʊ ˈvaːʁənbʁʏk]) is a town in the Elbe-Elster district, in southwestern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 11 km northwest of Bad Liebenwerda, and 21 km east of Torgau.

Elbe-Elster
Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Teltow-Fläming, Dahme-Spreewald, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Meißen,
Nordsachsen and Wittenberg. The district has a partnership with the Märkischer Kreis.
2015 Open Sud de France – Doubles
Nikolay Davydenko and Denis Istomin were the defending champions, but Davydenko retired from professional tennis in October 2014. Istomin played alongside Alexander Kudryavtsev, but they lost in the first round to Dominic Inglot and Florin Mergea.
Marcus Daniell and Artem Sitak won the title, defeating Inglot and Mergea in the final, 3–6, 6–4, [16–14].

Denis Istomin
Denis Olegovich Istomin (born 7 September 1986) is a former Uzbekistani professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33, achieved on 13 August 2012 and a best doubles ranking of No. 59, reached on 8 October 2012. His most notable result is defeating second seed and defending champion Novak Djokovic at the 2017 Australian Open.

Istomin won two ATP Tour singles titles, at the 2015 Nottingham Open and 2017 Chengdu Open.
PS Gem
The PS Gem is a retired side-wheel paddle steamer that was first launched in 1876 on the Murray River at Moama, New South Wales. She operated as a cargo and passenger steamer, regularly cruising between Morgan and Mildura. The Gem operated as a tourist passenger vessel during the 1930s and 1940s, and was retired in the early 1950s. In 1962 the Gem was sold to the then Swan Hill Folk Museum, where it would become a static display and historic monument.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Francisco Novella (Castielfabib)
Francisco Novella, was born in Castielfabib, in the comarca of the Rincón de Ademuz (then within the Kingdom of Valencia) in the year 1581, and he died in the city of Valencia in 1645. 
He was a professor of rhetoric in the University of Valencia, from June 2, 1615 until his death in 1645.
He published a rhetoric manual in 1621 and a second edition of this in 1641.

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Worboys
Worboys is an English surname, a variant of Warboys. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Eyre Worboys (1920–2007), New Zealand writer

Emma Jane Worboys, birth name of Emma Jane Worboise or Guyton (1825–1887), English novelist

Gavin Worboys (born 1974), English footballer

George Worboys (born 2001), English rugby union player

Helen Worboys, New Zealand politician

John Worboys (born 1957), English criminal

Mike Worboys (born 1947), British mathematician and computer scientist

Walter Worboys (1900–1969), Australian-born British businessman

Anne Eyre Worboys
Anne Eyre Worboys (1920 – June 2007) was a New Zealand-British writer of 40 romance and suspense novels. She also signed her novels as Annette Eyre and Anne Worboys, and under the pseudonym of Vicky Maxwell. In 1977, her novel Every Man A King (a.k.a. Rendezvous with Fear) won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association.
Snickers salad
Snickers salad is a dessert salad consisting of a mix of Snickers bars, Granny Smith apples, Cool Whip or whipped topping, marshmallows, and often pudding served in a bowl. It is a potluck staple in the Midwestern United States. It is sometimes included in church cookbooks.

Snickers salad is easy to make; the ingredients are simply chopped and combined. As to whether it is a salad or a dessert, popular lore has it that it depends on which end of the table it is sitting at.

It has a rather unique texture, being sticky and crunchy. Clumps are known to get stuck in the teeth. This feature makes the experience of eating it divisive.

The recipe for Snickers salad was included in a 2009 article "Salads worthy of a church picnic" in The Indianapolis Star. The author said that "Despite what all my community and church cookbooks would say, I don't think anything with marshmallows can really be called a salad."

Potluck
Potlucks are events in which attendees each bring a dish of food to be shared, including salads, mains, and desserts. Potlucks are organized among members of communities, organisations, or by individuals at their homes. Their structure departs from most other dining events, with socializing influenced by the absence of any host preparing food. Sociologist Alice Julier identifies the key themes of the potluck as abundance, uncertainty as to what will be served, and variety, which may cause consternation in cultures with opposing values around entertaining guests.

Events organized in a potluck format have existed in various cultures, but the dominant modern form emerged in North America from earlier practices wherein guests tried their luck with what a host was cooking in a pot. Over the following centuries, the potluck became a tool employed by organizations for fundraising and in the mid-20th century as a key outlet for socializing.
Clement Throckmorton (died 1663)
Sir Clement Throckmorton (c. 1630 – 10 November 1663) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  variously between 1656 and 1663.

Throckmorton was the son of Sir Clement Throckmorton of Haseley Warwickshire, and his wife Lettice Fisher, daughter of Sir Clement Fisher of Packington, Warwickshire.

In 1656, Throckmorton was elected Member of Parliament for Warwick in the Second Protectorate Parliament.

In 1660, Throckmorton was elected MP for Warwick in the Convention Parliament. He was knighted on 11 September 1660. In 1661 he was re-elected MP for Warwick for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death.

Warwick (UK Parliament constituency)
Warwick was a parliamentary borough consisting of the town of Warwick, within the larger Warwickshire constituency of England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1295 to 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1885.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the constituency was abolished for the 1885 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new single-member constituency of Warwick and Leamington.
14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare)
The 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warfare) is a part of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals. The regiment's role is to provide electronic warfare (EW) capability in support of deployed Land Commanders, in order to enable operations in the electronic battlespace. It is the only British Army regiment capable of conducting sustainable electronic warfare in support of national operations worldwide. The regiment is currently based at Cawdor Barracks, on the site of the former RAF Brawdy, near Haverfordwest, in South Wales.

RAF Digby
Royal Air Force Digby otherwise known as RAF Digby is a Royal Air Force station located near Scopwick and 11.6 mi (18.7 km) south east of Lincoln, in Lincolnshire, England. The station is home to the tri-service Joint Service Signals Organisation, part of the Joint Forces Intelligence Group of Strategic Command. Other units include the RAF Aerial Erector School, No. 54 Signals Unit and No. 591 Signals Unit.

Formerly an RAF training and fighter airfield, it is one of the country's older Royal Air Force stations, predated only by RAF Northolt, which is the oldest and predates the Royal Air Force by three years, having opened in 1915. Flying at Digby ceased in 1953.
Agbodji
Agbodji is an arrondissement in the Mono department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bopa. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,376.

Mono Department
Mono [mo.no] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, with its capital at Lokossa. It is named for the Mono River which forms much of the border with Togo. The northern areas of the department were split off to create the newly formed Kouffo Department in 1999. Mono is subdivided into six communes, each centred at one of the principal towns, namely, Athiémè, Bopa, Comè, Grand-Popo, Houéyogbé and Lokossa. It has an area of 1,396 square kilometres (539 sq mi).

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 497,243, with 241,554 males and 255,689 females. The proportion of women was 51.40%. The total rural population was 50.30%, while the urban population was 49.70%. The total labour force in the department was 142,220, of which 48.60% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 48.70%.
Pantelimon, Ilfov
Pantelimon (Romanian pronunciation: [panteliˈmon]) is a town in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. The town — bordered to the west by the Romanian capital, Bucharest — has an area of 69 km2 (27 sq mi). Its name is derived from the Greek saint Panteleimon.

Saint Pantaleon
Saint Pantaleon (Greek: Παντελεήμων, romanized: Panteleïmon, lit. 'All-compassionate'), counted in Western Christianity as among the Fourteen Holy Helpers of the Late Middle Ages, and in Eastern Christianity as one of the Holy Unmercenary Healers, was a martyr of Nicomedia in Bithynia during the Diocletianic Persecution of 305 AD.