hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Damian Thomas
Michael Damian Thomas is an American magazine editor and podcaster. Thomas has won nine Hugo Awards (as of 2025), a World Fantasy Award, a British Fantasy Award, and a Parsec Award as co-publisher and co-editor-in-chief of Uncanny Magazine with Lynne M. Thomas. He has also been active as an advocate for disabled children in Illinois.

Seanan McGuire
Seanan McGuire (pronounced SHAWN-in; born January 5, 1978) is an American author and filker. McGuire is known for her urban fantasy novels. She uses the pseudonym Mira Grant to write science fiction/horror and the pseudonym A. Deborah Baker to write the "Up-and-Under" children's portal fantasy series.

In 2010, she was awarded the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. Her works have garnered numerous awards, including the Alex Award, Hugo Award, Locus Award, and Nebula Award.
Cleveland City Council
Cleveland City Council is the legislative branch of government for the City of Cleveland, Ohio. Its chambers are located at Cleveland City Hall at 601 Lakeside Avenue, across the street from Public Auditorium in Downtown Cleveland. Cleveland City Council members are elected from 15 wards to four-year terms. In Cleveland's mayor–council (strong mayor) form of government, council acts as a check against the power of the city executive, the mayor. Its responsibilities include "monitoring city departments, approving budgets, and enacting legislation to improve the quality of life [for the citizens of the city]."

The current President of Council is Blaine Griffin. Following Councilman Kerry McCormack's resgination on October 3, Councilwoman Jasmin Santana became Majority Leader.  Patricia Britt serves as the Clerk of Council.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Neutral Farm Pit, Butley
Neutral Farm Pit, Butley is a 1.1-hectare (2.7-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Butley, east of Woodbridge in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

This is described by Natural England as a classic site in the study of the Early Pleistocene in East Anglia. It was used by the nineteenth-century geologist Frederick W. Harmer to define his Butley division of the Red Crag Formation, and it has many fossils of marine molluscs.

There is access to the site from Mill Lane.

Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age and the Calabrian Age.

While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC.
Heino Sisask
Heino Sisask (31 December 1928 – 21 January 2023) was an Estonian politician, racewalker, and sports personality.

He was born in Sirvaste, Tartu County. In 1952 he graduated from Tartu State University's Faculty of Law.

He started his athletics exercising under the guidance of Valter Kalam. He focused on race walking. He was two-times Estonian champion in race walking. From 1950 to 1952 he was a member of Estonian national athletics team.

From 1964 to 1974 he was the chairman of Estonian SSR Sport Committee. From 1964 to 1974 he was a member of Soviet Union's Olympic Committee. From 1984 to 1995 he was a chairman of Estonian Gymnastics Federation, and from 1995 to 2001 its vice-president. From 1992 to 1999 he was a member of Estonian Olympic Committee.

Estonian Gymnastics Federation
Estonian Gymnastics Federation (abbreviation EGF; Estonian: Eesti Võimlemisliit) is one of the sport governing bodies in Estonia which deals with gymnastics.

EGF was established on 14 March 1934 as Estonian Gymnasts' Federation (Estonian: Eesti Võimlejate Liit). During Soviet Estonia period, there existed Estonian SSR Rhythmic Gymnastics Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Iluvõimlemise Föderatsioon) and Estonian SSR Sport Gymnastics Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Sportvõimlemise Föderatsioon). EGF is re-established on 10 December 1989.

EGF is a member of International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) and Estonian Olympic Committee.
The Invisible Committee
The Invisible Committee (French: le Comité invisible) is the nom de plume of an anonymous author or authors who have written French works of literature based on far-left politics and communization. The identity of the Invisible Committee has been associated with the Tarnac Nine, a group of people including Julien Coupat who were arrested "on the grounds that they were to have participated in the sabotage of overhead electrical lines on France's national railways."

The Invisible Committee is classified as ultra-left by the Ministry of the Interior of the second Fillon government. Denying the label of "author", this committee claims to be an "instance of strategic enunciation for the revolutionary movement".

Ultra-leftism
In Marxism, ultra-leftism encompasses a broad spectrum of revolutionary Marxist currents. Ultra-leftism distinguishes itself from other left-wing currents through its rejection of electoralism, trade unionism, and national liberation. The term is sometimes used as a synonym of Italian left communism. "Ultra-left" is also commonly used as a pejorative by Marxist–Leninists and Trotskyists to refer to extreme or uncompromising Marxist sects.
Bud Powell Trio
Bud Powell Trio is a studio album by jazz pianist Bud Powell, released on Roost in 1957, featuring two sessions that Powell recorded in 1947 and 1953. The 1947 session was Powell's first studio recording as leader, and was originally released as a 10" LP called The Bud Powell Trio.

The album was released on CD in 1990 by Roulette, which acquired Roost in 1958. The material is also available on The Complete Blue Note and Roost Recordings box set from Blue Note.

Jazz piano
Jazz piano is a collective term for the techniques pianists use when playing jazz. The piano has been an integral part of the jazz idiom since its inception, in both solo and ensemble settings. Its role is multifaceted due largely to the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic capabilities. For this reason it is an important tool of jazz musicians and composers for teaching and learning jazz theory and set arrangement, regardless of their main instrument. By extension the phrase 'jazz piano' can refer to similar techniques on any keyboard instrument.

Along with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the instruments in a jazz combo that can play both single notes and chords rather than only single notes as does the saxophone or trumpet.
Kukasvada
Kukasvada also sometimes spelled Kukaswada is a village in Malia tehsil of Junagadh district in Gujarat state of India. Kukasvada is the birthplace of Dhirubhai Ambani and his close friend Bhikhabhai Bhadaraka known as Bhikha Bapa.

Dhirubhai Ambani
Dhirajlal Hirachand "Dhirubhai" Ambani (28 December 1932 – 6 July 2002) was an Indian businessman who founded Reliance Industries in 1958. Ambani took Reliance public in 1977. In 2016, he was honoured posthumously with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour for his contributions to trade and industry. Ambani faced numerous accusations of market manipulation, tax evasion, and cronyism.
Bipolar outflow
A bipolar outflow comprises two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star.  Bipolar outflows may be associated with protostars (young, forming stars), or with evolved post-AGB stars (often in the form of bipolar nebulae).

Protostar
A protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. It is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution. For a low-mass star (i.e. that of the Sun or lower), it lasts about 500,000 years. The phase begins when a molecular cloud fragment first collapses under the force of self-gravity and an opaque, pressure-supported core forms inside the collapsing fragment. It ends when the infalling gas is depleted, leaving a pre-main-sequence star, which contracts to later become a main-sequence star at the onset of hydrogen fusion producing helium.
P.E.C.H.S Block 6
Pakistan Employees Cooperative Housing Society (PECHS), Block 6 is a neighborhood in Karachi East district of Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Mehmood Ahmad Nizami in the year 1950, three years after Pakistan was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Nizami lived in the same society and also created the first house in PECHS, Block II where some of his descendants now live. It was previously administered as part of Jamshed Town, which was disbanded in 2011.

There are several ethnic groups including Urdu Speaking, Baltis, Punjabis, Sindhis, Christians, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.

Over 98 percent of the population is Muslim with small Christian, Hindu, and other minorities.

Karachi East District
Karachi East District (Urdu: کراچی مشرقی ضلع) is an administrative district of Karachi Division created in 1972. As of the 2023 Pakistani census the population of Karachi East is 3,913,656.

In 2023, the Government of Sindh announced its intent to rename Karachi East District to Gulshan District (Urdu: ضلع گلشن ) to align with its town name; however, there is as yet no indication that this has taken place.
Glose
Glosa (English: Glose or Gloss) is a poetic form that borrows lines from another, usually more famous poem and incorporates its text. The term originates from the practice of fifteenth century Spanish courtiers composing poems with a quatrain from a better-known poem and the repetition of a line from that quatrain at the end of a newly composed stanza. Most glosa contain an epigraph from the borrowed quatrain followed by four decima. Although it is no longer common in Spain, modern English examples exist including Marilyn Hacker's "Glose".

Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.
Masis, Armenia
Masis (Armenian: Մասիս) is a town and administrative centre of the Masis Municipality of the Ararat Province of Armenia, located on the left bank of the Hrazdan River, 9 km southwest of Yerevan towards Mount Ararat. The town has a large railroad commodity station that serves Yerevan, and used to connect the capital city with the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic until the closing of the border with Azerbaijan.

Masis is one of the closest settlements to Mount Ararat and Little Ararat. The mountains are visible from most of the areas in the town.

As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 20,215. As per the 2016 official estimate, the town has a population of 18,500. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 20,081 and is the biggest town in the Ararat Province.

Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Nakhichevan ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924.

The first flag of the Nakhichevan ASSR was introduced in 1937 and contained both Azerbaijani and Armenian text. In the 1940s, when the Azerbaijani Latin alphabet was being replaced by Cyrillic, the previous flag was replaced by a Soviet flag with the Azerbaijani Cyrillic text "Нахчыван МССР" in gold and a dark blue bar along the fess.

In 1990, it became the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic within the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Ausa (Udine)
The Ausa or Aussa (Latin: Alsa) is a river in the Italian province of Udine. Its source is near the city of Udine. The river flows south past Palmanova, Aiello del Friuli, Cervignano del Friuli and Terzo d'Aquileia before emptying into the Laguna di Marano between Marano Lagunare and Aquileia.

Province of Udine
The province of Udine (Italian: provincia di Udine; Friulian: provincie di Udin; Slovene: Videmska pokrajina; Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä; German: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia, with the capital in the city of Udine. Abolished on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Udine; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Udin; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Videm), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a population of 516,323 over an area of 4,969.30 square kilometres (1,918.66 mi2) across its 134 municipalities.
Archaeological Museum of Serres
The Archaeological Museum of Serres (Greek: Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Σερρών) is located in the old centre of Serres, a city in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is housed in the city's Ottoman-era bedesten (Μπεζεστένι) a fifteenth-century building in Eleftherias Square.

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting the central part of the geographical and historical region of Macedonia. With a population of almost 1.8 million, it is the second most populous region in Greece after Attica. The capital and largest city of the region is Thessaloniki.
Giraudo
Giraudo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Giraudo (born 1983), Italian tennis coach and player

David Giraudo (born 1970), French footballer

Federico Giraudo (born 1998), Italian footballer

John C. Giraudo (1923–1996), United States Air Force major

Raoul Giraudo (1932–1995), French footballer

John C. Giraudo
John Charles Giraudo (October 2, 1923 – June 17, 1996) was a highly decorated United States Air Force major general. He is one of just a few Americans to be shot down and captured as a prisoner of war on two occasions, first during World War II and again during the Korean War.
Willem J. Bergh
Lieutenant General Willem Bergh SD SM MMM (born (1929-07-14)14 July 1929) is a retired South African Air Force officer who served as Chief of Staff Finance for the South African Defence Force.

In 1952, he was the navigator on the flight to deliver the Coelacanth, discovered in Madagascar by Prof J. L. B. Smith, to South Africa.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Hungarian Defense
The Hungarian Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Be7

The Hungarian Defense is a line in the Italian Game typically chosen as a quiet response to the White's aggressive move 3.Bc4. With the move 3...Be7, Black avoids the complexities of the Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6) and Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5).

White has an advantage in space and freer development, so Black must be prepared to defend a cramped position. According to Harding and Botterill, "The Hungarian Defence can only be played for a draw. White should have an edge in most lines."

The opening is seldom seen in modern play. It has been played on occasion by some grandmasters with strong defensive-positional styles, including Reshevsky, Hort, and former world champions Petrosian and Smyslov.

The variation takes its name from a correspondence game between Paris and Pest, Hungary, played from 1842 to 1845, but was first analyzed by Cozio in the 18th century.

Samuel Reshevsky
Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911 – April 4, 1992) was a Polish chess prodigy and later a leading American chess grandmaster. He was a contender for the World Chess Championship from the mid 1930s to the late 1960s. He tied for third place in the 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, tied for second in the  1953 Candidates tournament, and was a Candidate as late as 1968. He was an eight-time winner of the US Chess Championship, tying him with Bobby Fischer for the all-time record.

He was an accountant by profession, and also a chess writer.
Gulf of Kuşadası
The Gulf of Kuşadası (Turkish: Kuşadası Körfezi) is a small gulf and strait in the Aegean Sea, separating the Greek island of Samos from the mainland of Turkey. Kuşadası is a resort town on Turkey's western Aegean coast, on the Gulf of Kuşadası. Samos in Greece borders the Gulf of Kuşadası to the north and east, and the mainland of Turkey borders the Gulf of Kuşadası to the west. The Mycale Strait also separates Samos Island from the Turkish mainland, and connects the Gulf of Kuşadası to the waters southwest of Turkey and south of the island of Samos.

On 30 October 2020, a deadly Mw 7.0 earthquake struck the gulf and triggered a small tsunami, killing 117 people in Turkey and two on the island of Samos.

2020 Aegean Sea earthquake
An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.0 occurred on 30 October 2020 about 14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of the Greek island of Samos. Although Samos was closest to the epicentre, it was the large Turkish city İzmir, 70 km (43 mi) northeast that was heavily affected—more than 700 residential and commercial structures were seriously damaged or destroyed. One hundred and seventeen people died in İzmir Province while an additional 1,034 were injured. In Greece, there were two fatalities and 19 injured. The earthquake is the deadliest in the year 2020, and the third major earthquake to strike Turkey that year. It generated an unusually large tsunami. The event is called the Samos earthquake by the International Seismological Centre.
Edward Pereira
The Revd Edward Thomas Pereira (26 September 1866 – 25 February 1939) was an English Catholic priest and schoolmaster, who played first-class cricket between 1895 and 1900 for Warwickshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

Schoolmaster
A schoolmaster, or simply master, is a male school teacher. The usage first occurred in England in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period. At that time, most schools were one-room or two-room schools and had only one or two such teachers, a second or third being often called an assistant schoolmaster. The use of the traditional term survives in British private schools, both secondary and preparatory, and in grammar schools, as well as in some Commonwealth boarding schools (such as the Doon School in India) which are modelled on British grammar and public schools.
WirelessHART
WirelessHART within telecommunications and computing, is a  wireless sensor networking technology. It is based on the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol (HART). Developed as a multi-vendor, interoperable wireless standard, WirelessHART was defined for the requirements of process field device networks.

Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance.

Types of interoperability include syntactic interoperability, where two systems can communicate with each other, and cross-domain interoperability, where multiple organizations work together and exchange information.
The Grey House
The Grey House (German: Das graue Haus) is a 1926 German silent drama film directed by Friedrich Feher and starring Magda Sonja, Erna Morena and Werner Krauss. It was shot at the Staaken Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alfred Kunz.

Friedrich Feher
Friedrich Feher (born Friedrich Weiß, 16 March 1889 – 30 September 1950) was an Austrian actor and film director. He first entered the film business in 1913, starting out as an actor but quickly gravitated toward directing.

He is perhaps best remembered as Francis, the protagonist of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). He directed The House Without Windows that same year (based on a book by Thea von Harbou), in which his art directors mimicked the Expressionist set designs of Caligari; it is now considered a lost film.

Feher died  in 1950 in Stuttgart at age 61.