hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugo Bleicher
Hugo Bleicher (August 9, 1899 – August, 1982) was a sergeant in Nazi Germany's Abwehr (military intelligence agency) assigned to the Geheime Feldpolizei (secret field police) in German-occupied France during World War II. Described as a "super spy-catcher, Bleicher infiltrated resistance networks in France and was responsible for the arrest of more than one hundred French resisters and British Special Operations Executive (SOE) agents. Most of the SOE agents he captured were later executed. Bleicher was known by many aliases: Monsieur Jean, Jean Verbeck, Jean Castel, Colonel Henri, and Colonel Heinrich."

Tettnang
Tettnang (German pronunciation: [ˈtɛtnaŋ] ⓘ) is a town in the Bodensee district in the Swabia region of southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

It lies 7 kilometres from Lake Constance. The region produces significant quantities of Tettnang hops, an ingredient in beer, and ships them to breweries throughout the world.
Racoviță
The House of Racoviță (anglicized Racovitza) was a family of Moldavian and Wallachian boyars which gave the Danubian Principalities several hospodars, becoming influential within the Ottoman Empire and the Phanariote kinship network.

Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Comparable to Dukes/Grand Dukes, Boyars were second only to the ruling princes, grand princes or tsars from the 10th to the 17th centuries.
The Million Dollar Collar
The Million Dollar Collar is a 1929 American sound part-talkie crime film directed by D. Ross Lederman. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film is in unknown status which suggests that it may be lost. According to Warner Bros. records, this film, which cost $62,000 to make, earned $222,000 domestically and $90,000 foreign.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
The Mills Brothers
The Mills Brothers, sometimes billed The Four Mills Brothers and originally known as Four Boys and a Guitar, were an American vocal jazz and traditional pop vocal quartet who made more than 2,000 recordings that sold more than 50 million copies and garnered at least three dozen gold records.

The Mills Brothers were the first black artists to have their own show on national network radio (on CBS in 1930); they made appearances in film; and were the first to have a No. 1 hit on the Billboard singles chart, with "Paper Doll" in 1943. They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998.

Vocal jazz
Vocal jazz or jazz singing is a genre within jazz music where the voice is used as an instrument.

Vocal jazz began in the early twentieth century. Jazz music has its roots in blues and ragtime and can also traced back to the New Orleans jazz tradition. Jazz music is characterized by syncopated rhythms, improvisation, and unique tonality and pitch deviation. In vocal jazz, this includes vocal improvisations called scat singing where vocalists imitate the instrumentalist's tone and rhythm.
Brooklyn Bay Parkways
The Brooklyn Bay Parkways was a semi-professional baseball team based out of Erasmus Field of Erasmus Hall High School. Owned by Joe Rosner, brother of Max Rosner, owner of the Brooklyn Bushwicks, as well as Nat Strong, a prominent figure in organizing various Negro League teams, the Bay Parkways belonged to the Inter-City Baseball Association and played in the local negro league as well as various other local teams. Former players for the Bay Parkways include former Major League stars such as Carl Hubbell, Babe Ruth, Hal Schumacher, Pete Gray, and Blondy Ryan.

Pete Gray
Peter James Gray (né Wyshner; March 6, 1915 – June 30, 2002) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played for the St. Louis Browns of Major League Baseball for one season in 1945. He was notable for playing despite having lost his right arm in a childhood accident.
You Don't Speak for Me
You Don't Speak for Me was a national, American organization active in 2006 and 2007 created by American Hispanics who supported enforcement of U.S. immigration laws. Retired Army Colonel Al Rodriguez founded the group in 2006, to represent Hispanic Americans such as himself who are opposed to legalization for those who have entered the US illegally or overstayed their visas.

The national organization was headed by Albert Rodriguez, the former mayor of Douglas, Arizona. Rodriguez is a second generation America of Puerto Rican and Mexican ancestry.

The group had chapters in several states.

Clarence Page noted that "You Don't Speak For Me" stood shoulder to shoulder with "Choose Black America" in opposing amnesty for illegal immigrants.

Douglas, Arizona
Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States, that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulphur Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining.

The population was 16,531 in the 2020 Census.
Hyperlite Wake Mfg.
Hyperlite Wake Mfg. is a manufacturing company that was established in 1991 in Redmond, Washington. The company manufactures a variety of water sports equipment including wakeboards, wakesurfs, vest, paddleboards and more.

Redmond, Washington
Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) east of Seattle. The population was 73,256 at the 2020 census.

Redmond is best known as the home of Microsoft and Nintendo of America. The city has a large technology industry in addition to being a bedroom community for Seattle, which lies across Lake Washington on State Route 520.

With an annual bike race on city streets and the state's only velodrome, Redmond is also known as the "Bicycle Capital of the Northwest".
The Chief Scout's Advance Party Report
The Boy Scouts Association's The Chief Scout's Advance Party Report 1966 attempted to address the association's falling enrollment numbers and modernise its programs. It resulted in changes to traditional iconic uniforms, changes to awards, training schemes, the association's name and other nomenclature, reduced distinctions between Cubs and Scouts and discontinuation of Rovers. However, the changes failed to halt decline in older enrolments, resulting in a shift to younger ages and also resulted in disaffection, a schism in the organisation, growth of the alternate British Boy Scouts and European Scout Federation (British Association), formation of independent Scout groups and further alternate Scout organisations, particularly the Traditional Scouting Baden-Powell Scouts' Association and helped to re-establish understanding of Scouts as a movement rather than a single organisation.

Scout (Scouting)
A Scout, Boy Scout, Girl Scout, or, in some countries, a Pathfinder is a participant in the Scout Movement, usually aged 10–18 years, who engages in learning scoutcraft and outdoor and other special interest activities. Some Scout organizations have split this wide age group development span into junior and senior programs. Scouts are often organized into patrols of about 6–8 Scouts under a patrol leader with a number of patrols forming a larger troop under the guidance of one or more adult leaders or Scoutmasters. Many troops are affiliated with local, national and international organizations. Some Scout organizations have special interest programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, high adventure, Scout bands, mounted scouts and cyclist Scouts. In the United States there were around 6 million scouts in 2011.
Augusta Northern Railway
The Augusta Northern Railway was a shortline railroad that served western South Carolina in the first half of the 20th century.

The carrier was incorporated as the Newberry, Whitmire and Augusta Railroad Company, by the South Carolina General Assembly in 1906, and "authorized to construct and operate a railroad from any point on the North Carolina State line through or by the town" of Whitmire, South Carolina, or other point that might be found more desirable, thence on through Newberry County, South Carolina, Saluda County, South Carolina and Edgefield County, South Carolina, to Augusta, Georgia.

The charter was amended in February 1910 to change to corporate name to the Augusta Northern. Construction began in September 1910 and was completed in the spring of 1912.

The independent line ran from Saluda, South Carolina, to Ward, South Carolina, a distance of a little more than 11 miles. The line was abandoned in 1941.

Newberry County, South Carolina
Newberry County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 37,719. Its county seat is Newberry. The name is of unknown origin, although one theory suggests that it was named by Quaker settlers in honor of their home of Newberry, a suburb of London in the United Kingdom. Newberry County comprises the Newberry, SC micropolitan statistical area.
Seasonal subseries plot
Seasonal subseries plots are a graphical tool to visualize and detect seasonality in a time series. Seasonal subseries plots involves the extraction of the seasons from a time series into a subseries. Based on a selected periodicity, it is an alternative plot that emphasizes the seasonal patterns are where the data for each season are collected together in separate mini time plots.

Seasonal subseries plots enables the underlying seasonal pattern to be seen clearly, and also shows the changes in seasonality over time. Especially, it allows to detect changes between different seasons, changes within a particular season over time.

However, this plot is only useful if the period of the seasonality is already known. In many cases, this will in fact be known. For example, monthly data typically has a period of 12. If the period is not known, an autocorrelation plot or spectral plot can be used to determine it. If there is a large number of observations, then a box plot may be preferable.

Spectral density estimation
In statistical signal processing, the goal of spectral density estimation (SDE) or simply spectral estimation is to estimate the spectral density (also known as the power spectral density) of a signal from a sequence of time samples of the signal. Intuitively speaking, the spectral density characterizes the frequency content of the signal. One purpose of estimating the spectral density is to detect any periodicities in the data, by observing peaks at the frequencies corresponding to these periodicities.

Some SDE techniques assume that a signal is composed of a limited (usually small) number of generating frequencies plus noise and seek to find the location and intensity of the generated frequencies.  Others make no assumption on the number of components and seek to estimate the whole generating spectrum.
Snowden Hall (Laurel, Maryland)
Snowden Hall is a  historic house located on the grounds of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, outside Laurel in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It stands on open rolling ground approximately 3⁄4-mile west of the Patuxent River.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Best Part of Me
"Best Part of Me" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran featuring American singer Yebba. It was released on 5 July 2019 through Asylum and Atlantic Records, along with "Blow", as the fourth and fifth singles respectively from his fourth studio album No.6 Collaborations Project (2019).

Asylum Records
Asylum Records is a defunct American record label, founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications (now the Warner Music Group) in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records.

After previous incarnations, it is geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.
History of the Union Pacific Railroad
The history of the Union Pacific Railroad stretches from 1862 to the present. For operations of the current railroad, see Union Pacific Railroad; for the holding company that owns the current railroad, see Union Pacific Corporation.

There have been four railroads called Union Pacific: Union Pacific Rail Road, Union Pacific Railway, Union Pacific Railroad (Mark I), and Union Pacific Railroad (Mark II). This article covers the Union Pacific Rail Road (UPRR, 1862–1880), Union Pacific Railway (1880–1897), and Union Pacific Railroad (Mark I)(UP, 1897–1998).  For the history of the Union Pacific Railroad (Mark II), see Union Pacific and Southern Pacific Transportation Company.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
Libo County
Libo County (simplified Chinese: 荔波县; traditional Chinese: 荔波縣; pinyin: Lìbō Xiàn) is a county of southern Guizhou province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south. It is under the administration of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

Pseudotsuga sinensis
Pseudotsuga sinensis (Chinese Douglas-fir; in Chinese 黃杉, pinyin romanization: huáng shān) is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is a tree that grows up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall. It is found in China (in Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang provinces) and Taiwan, as well as in northernmost parts of Vietnam.

The timber is used for construction, bridge building, furniture, and wood fiber.

Pseudotsuga sinensis var. wilsoniana, Taiwan Douglas-fir, is sometimes treated as its own species, Pseudotsuga wilsoniana. This variety is geographically isolated (being restricted to Taiwan) but is not markedly distinct morphologically from var. sinensis of China.
Ghutku railway station
Ghutku railway station is a railway station on Bilaspur–Katni line under Bilaspur railway division of South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Ghutku in Bilaspur district in the Indian state of Chattisgargh.

Bilaspur–Katni line
The Bilaspur–Katni line is a railway route on the West Central Railway & South East Central Railway section of Indian Railways. It is one of the hilly railway routes of the Indian Railways and is fully electrified.

The Bilaspur–Katni line has consisted of hilly areas and reservoirs. The route of this line is via Anuppur, Shahdol & Umaria to Katni with bypassing Amarkantak hill range.
TerraMax
TerraMax is the trademark for autonomous/unmanned ground vehicle technology developed by Oshkosh Defense.  Primary military uses for the technology are seen as reconnaissance missions and freight transport in high-risk areas without the need of human operators, protecting the soldiers from possible attacks, ambushes or the threat of mines and IEDs. The technology could also be used in civilian settings, such as autonomous snow clearing at airports.

The original TerraMax vehicle was based on Oshkosh’s 6x6 Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) and this was entered in the 2004 and 2005 DARPA Grand Challenges. A 4x4 variant was subsequently developed for, and entered in, the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Since then, Oshkosh has continued developing the technology and in addition to four MTVRs  has fitted the technology to its Palletized Load System (PLS), Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). and MRAP All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV).

Snow removal
Snow removal or snow clearing is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make travel easier and safer.  This is done both by individual households and by governments institutions, and commercial businesses.
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Smirnov
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Smirnov (Russian: Александр Александрович Смирнов; 26 April 1958 – 21 July 2021) was a Russian politician. From 2012 to 2016, Smirnov was a member of the 6th convocation of the State Duma, having previously been a vice-governor of Saint Petersburg. He received the mandate of Vasilina Kuliyeva, after she resigned from the Duma to run for Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai in the 2013 Zabaykalsky Krai gubernatorial election. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.

One of Smirnov's assistants reported that he had died aged 63 in Kislovodsk on 21 July 2021, after having contracted COVID-19.

Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai
The Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai (Russian: Губернатор Забайкальского края) is the head of the executive branch of government in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia (former Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug).
Wilopo Cabinet
The Wilopo Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Wilopo) was the cabinet of Indonesia from April 1952 to August 1953. Led by Wilopo as prime minister, the cabinet was a coalition government consisting of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and the Masyumi Party, along with several smaller parties.

Cabinet of Indonesia
The Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kabinet Republik Indonesia) is part of the executive branch of the Indonesian government. It is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the government serving under the president. Members of the Cabinet (except for the vice president) serves at the president's pleasure, who can dismiss them at will for no cause.

Indonesia has seen dozens of cabinets since independence in 1945. Although after the New Order most cabinets remained unchanged for five years at a time. Most cabinets are referred to by the names given them at the time of formation. The current presidential cabinet is the Red and White Cabinet of Prabowo Subianto.
Redford ministry
The Redford Ministry was the combined Cabinet (called Executive Council of Alberta), chaired by fourteenth Premier Alison Redford, and Ministers that governed Alberta halfway through the fourth session of the 27th Alberta Legislature from October 7, 2011, to the early part of the second session of the 28th Alberta Legislature on March 23, 2014.

The Executive Council (commonly known as the cabinet) was made up of members of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party which holds a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.  The cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta on the advice of the premier.  Members of the council are styled "the Honourable" only for the duration of their membership, not for life.

Premier of Alberta
The premier of Alberta is the head of government and first minister of the Canadian province of Alberta. The current premier is Danielle Smith, leader of the governing United Conservative Party, who was sworn in on October 11, 2022.

The premier of Alberta is the leader of the legislative majority in the Alberta Legislature. The premier selects ministers of the Crown to the Executive Council of Alberta (the "cabinet") and as such is the head of the government in Alberta. The premier is the first minister representing Alberta towards the federal government and the other provinces and territories in Canada.

By constitutional convention the premier is normally a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Catunaregam spinosa
Catunaregam spinosa, the mountain pomegranate, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, found in South Asia and other Asian countries. Almost all parts of the plant are used as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda and fruits have been
reported to be used in medicine as well as in food. Various flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, lignans, terpenoids, and volatile oils have been reported from this plant. Several studies have reported the modern pharmaceutical activities of C. spinosa such as piscicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Miloš Žutić Award
The Miloš Žutić Award (Serbian: Награда Милош Жутић, romanized: Nagrada Miloš Žutić) is an eminent Serbian award given by the Serbian Union of Dramatists, to actors with notable theatre roles. Presented since 1994, it is named after successful theatre actor Miloš Žutić.

The recipients of this accolade include critically and commercially acclaimed performers, including Goran Jevtić, Branislav Lečić, Bojan Žirović, Boris Milivojević, Vojin Ćetković and Nebojša Glogovac, who won the award two times, setting a record.

Goran Jevtić (actor)
Goran Jevtić (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Јевтић; born 18 January 1978) is a Serbian actor; director and LGBT activist. During his two decade long career, Jevtić has composed a prolific range of performances notable in film, television and theater.

He is the recipient of various accolades, including the Ljubinka Bobić Award, the Zoran Radmilović Award, the Miloš Žutić Award, three Serbian Oscars of Popularity and four Ardalion Awards, as well as a Golden Arena for Best Supporting Actor nomination for his work in The Parade.

In October 2019, the Court of Appeals  in Sombor convicted  Jevtić of illegal sexual acts against a teenage male. He was sentenced to a ten-month house arrest instead of a prison sentence. The conviction was upheld in  March 2020.