hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-Methyltaurine
N-Methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) is an aminosulfonic acid which is present as a zwitterion in the crystalline state and in polar solvents (just like amino acids). In contrast to the widespread taurine, N-methyltaurine has been found in nature only in red algae, where it is formed by methylation of taurine. It is an important industrial chemical used in the production of taurates, which are used extensively as mild anionic surfactants.

Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion (/ˈtsvɪtərˌaɪɔːn/ TSVIT-ər-EYE-awn; from German  Zwitter [ˈtsvɪtɐ] 'hermaphrodite'), also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
(1,2-dipolar compounds, such as ylides, are sometimes excluded from the definition.)

Some zwitterions, such as amino acid zwitterions, are in chemical equilibrium with an uncharged "parent" molecule. Betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form, such as when the positive charge is located on a quaternary ammonium group. Similarly, a molecule containing a phosphonium group and a carboxylate group cannot isomerize.
Konakovsky District
Konakovsky District  (Russian: Конако́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Kimrsky District in the northeast, the town of Dubna, Moscow Oblast, in the east, Dmitrovsky District of Moscow Oblast in the southeast, Klinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the south, Lotoshinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the southwest, and with Kalininsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,114 square kilometers (816 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Konakovo. Population: 87,125 (2010 Census);  49,692 (2002 census); 55,101 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Konakovo accounts for 47.4% of the district's total population.

Lotoshinsky District
Lotoshinsky District (Russian: Лотоши́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Tver Oblast in the north and west, Volokolamsky District in the southeast, Shakhovskoy District in the southwest, and with Klinsky District in the east. The area of the district is 979.57 square kilometers (378.21 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Lotoshino. Population: 17,859 (2010 Census);  18,337 (2002 Census); 18,290 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lotoshino accounts for 31.1% of the district's total population.
Nizhny Uymon
Nizhny Uymon (Russian: Нижний Уймон; Altay: Алтыгы-Оймон, Altıgı-Oymon) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ust-Koksinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 165 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Political party strength in Arkansas
The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Arkansas:

Governor

Lieutenant Governor

Secretary of State

Attorney General

State Auditor

State Treasurer

State Land Commissioner

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

State Senate

State House of Representatives

State delegation to the United States Senate

State delegation to the United States House of Representatives

For years in which a United States presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

Treasurer of Arkansas
The treasurer of Arkansas acts as the head banker for the State of Arkansas, handling deposits, withdrawals, redemptions of state warrants, and investments of state funds. The position was created in 1819 when Arkansas became a territory. When Arkansas became a state in 1836, its constitution established the Office of the Treasurer, a position that would be elected by the legislature, and was later changed to a statewide elected post.

The office is currently held by John Thurston, who was elected to the position in a special election in 2024.
Ian Botting
Ian James Botting (18 May 1922 – 9 July 1980) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented both his country of birth and England. A wing three-quarter, Botting played for Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1949 tour of South Africa. He played nine matches for the All Blacks on that tour, but did not appear in any internationals. Following the tour, Botting became a student at the University of Oxford and in 1950 he made two test appearances for England in that year's Five Nations Championship.  He joined Leicester Tigers in 1951 and made his debut 1 December 1951 against Harlequins. He played in 38 matches for Leicester, scoring 15 tries, his final match was on Tuesday 7 April 1953 against Exeter.

An ordained Anglican minister, Botting was killed when he was knocked from his bicycle by a motor vehicle in Christchurch in 1980.

1950 Five Nations Championship
The 1950 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-first series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-sixth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 14 January and 25 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales won their 11th title, and also the Grand Slam and the Triple Crown.
1982–83 Gamma Ethniki
The 1982–83 Gamma Ethniki was the first unofficial season since the league replaced the C National Amateur Division. Edessaikos was crowned champion, thus winning promotion to Beta Ethniki.

Panarkadikos, Preveza, Olympiakos Loutraki and Panargiakos were relegated to Delta Ethniki.

Delta Ethniki
The Delta Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Δ΄ Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'Fourth National Division') was the fourth-tier men's association football league in Greece. During the period of its existence, it was the lowest national division of the Greek championship. It was founded in the 1982–83 season and abolished in the 2012–13 season, as it was merged with the third division (Football League 2). Its history therefore spans 31 years.

Many historical clubs of first division (Super League) have played in Delta Ethniki, such as Iraklis Thessaloniki (2011–12 season), Ethnikos Piraeus, Apollon Smyrnis and Atromitos. The clubs of Delta Ethniki were divided in groups on the basis of geographical criteria. The groups usually comprised 10 teams, though this number varied between 4 and 12 over the years.
Derways Automobile Company
The Derways Automobile Company (ООО Автомобильная компания ДЕРВЕЙС, Avtomobil'naya kompaniya DERVEYS) was a Russian automaker located in Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkessia. Founded in 2003, it was Russia's first private car manufacturer and a part of the Russian Mercury Group. Since June 2007, the company has been producing 100,000 units annually for the local market in a joint venture with the Chinese firms Lifan Group and Liaoning SG Automotive Group Co., Ltd. Derways' second plant was opened in the fall of 2009. The company employed around 3,000 workers.

Cherkessk
Cherkessk (Russian: Черке́сск; Adyghe: Шэрджэс къалэ; Kabardian: Черкес-къалэ) is the capital city of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, as well as its political, economic, and cultural center. Population: 129,069 (2010 census). 112,782 (2024).

It was previously known as Batalpashinskaya (until 1931), Batalpashinsk  (until 1934), Sulimov (until 1937), Yezhovo-Cherkessk (until 1939).
Laura Freudenthaler
Laura Freudenthaler (born 1984, Salzburg) is an Austrian writer. She studied German language and literature at the University of Vienna. Freudenthaler published a book of short stories titled Der Schädel der Madeleine in 2014. She has also published two novels: Die Königin schweigt (winner of the Förderpreis Bremen Literature Prize in 2018), and Geistergeschichte (winner of the EU Literature Prize in 2019). The novel Die Königin schweigt was also awarded Best German-Language Debut Novel at the 2018 Festival du premier Roman in Chambéry. In 2020, she was awarded the 3sat Prize (given at the Festival of German-Language Literature in Klagenfurt) for Der heißeste Sommer.

After staying in France, Freudenthaler lives since 2009 in Vienna.

Chambéry
Chambéry (UK: /ˈʃɒ̃bəri/, US: /ˌʃɒ̃beɪˈriː/, French: [ʃɑ̃beʁi]; Arpitan: Chambèri; Italian: Ciamberì) is the prefecture and largest city of the Savoie department in the southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The population of the commune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919. The city is located at the foot of the French Alps between Bauges and Chartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.

It has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
Ijenda
Ijenda is a village in Bujumbura Rural Province in Burundi.

Ijenda is a colline in the Mugongo-Manga Commune, in the east of Bujumbura Rural Province.
It is on the RN7 highway, east of Rwibaga.
It contains the faith-based Ijenda Hospital, in the Rwibaga Health District.
It is near the Rwibaga Hospital, the other hospital in the district.
The Ijenda Hospital is an approved district hospital serving a population of 50,855 as of 2014.

Bujumbura Rural Province
Bujumbura Rural Province was one of the provinces of Burundi. It surrounded the former national capital Bujumbura and its provincial capital was Isale. In 2025, the province was merged into the new Bujumbura Province.
Bulman (surname)
Bulman is an English surname. It was originally given to bull keepers, from the Middle English bule (bull) + man (man), and was chiefly found in Northumberland. Notable people with the surname include:

Dannie Bulman (born 1979), British soccer player

George Bulman (1896–1963), British pilot

Matt Bulman (born 1986), British soccer player

Nachman Bulman (1925–2002), American rabbi

Oliver Bulman (1902–1974), British geologist and palaeontologist

Orville Bulman (1904–1978), American painter

Tim Bulman (born 1982), American football player

Orville Bulman
Orville Bulman (June 6, 1904 - January 4, 1978) was an American businessman-turned-painter. He owned a gallery on Worth Avenue in Palm Beach, Florida, and he did over 2,000 paintings over the course of his career.
Guillermo Rodriguez (comedian)
Guillermo Rodriguez (born January 27, 1971) is a Mexican and American talk show personality and comedian best known as the sidekick to Jimmy Kimmel on the American late night talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He rose to fame while working as a parking lot security guard at the Hollywood Boulevard Masonic Temple studio. He continues in character and title as the show's security guard.

Hollywood Boulevard
Hollywood Boulevard is a major east–west street in Los Angeles, California. It runs through the Hollywood, East Hollywood, Little Armenia, Thai Town, and Los Feliz districts. Its western terminus is at Sunset Plaza Drive in the Hollywood Hills and its eastern terminus is at Sunset Boulevard in Los Feliz. Hollywood Boulevard is famous for running through the tourist areas in central Hollywood, including attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Ovation Hollywood shopping and entertainment complex.
Juodkaimiai
Juodkaimiai (formerly Russian: Iоткайне, Polish: Jodkajnie, Jotkajnie) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 211 people. It is located next to Josvainiai town from its southern side, on the right bank of the Šušvė river, by the road  Aristava-Kėdainiai-Cinkiškiai. There is Josvainiai forestry in Juodkaimiai.

Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai (Lithuanian: [kʲeːˈdâːɪ.nʲɛɪ̯ˑ] ⓘ) is a city in Lithuania. It is located on the banks of the Nevėžis river 45 km (28 mi) north of  Kaunas, Lithuania's second largest city. One of the oldest settlements in the country, Kėdainiai was first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, and became a city in 1590. Its population as of 2022 was 23,051. The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.

The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.

Other smaller villages circle the territory in a distance of five miles or a little further from the St. George's Church of Kėdainiai — Lančiūnava, Kapliai, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, and Kalnaberžė.
Russell Cobb
Russell Alan Cobb (born 18 May 1961) is an English former cricketer who played more than one-hundred and fifty matches for Leicestershire and Northern Transvaal across a career than ran from 1980 until 1989. A right-handed batsman, he scored over 4,000 runs across the first-class and List A formats, though he never made a century. He also bowled left-arm medium pace and slow left-arm spin bowling, though only very occasionally. His son, Josh Cobb, also played for Leicestershire.

Northerns cricket team
Northerns (formerly North Eastern Transvaal and Northern Transvaal) has played first-class cricket in South Africa since December 1937. Its territory is the area north of Johannesburg, including Pretoria.

For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Northerns has merged with Easterns (formerly Eastern Transvaal) to form the Titans.
AXIS Flight Training Systems
AXIS Flight Training Systems GmbH supplies EASA- and FAA-compliant flight training equipment, from flat panel trainers to full flight simulators. It was founded in 2004 in Graz/Austria. Their first design was a level D full flight simulator. In 2005 they produced a level D full flight simulator with an Equipe collimated visual system and a Rexroth hydraulic motion base.

They currently manufacture full flight simulators and flight training devices for all types and configurations of aircraft, including business jets, turboprop commuters and passenger jetliners.

In 2010 their engineering and production departments moved to a new facility in Lebring.

Bosch Rexroth
Bosch Rexroth AG is an engineering firm based in Lohr am Main in Germany. It is the result of a merger on 1 May 2001, between Mannesmann Rexroth AG and the Automation Technology Business Unit of Robert Bosch GmbH, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH.  Bosch Rexroth employs over 31,000 people worldwide, and achieved total revenue of 6.2 billion euro in 2021.

In 2011 Bosch Rexroth acquired the hydraulic motor business formerly owned by Hägglund & Söner. The company maintains a manufacturing base in the Swedish town of Örnsköldsvik that was the home of Hägglund & Söner, and still manufactures products using the Hägglunds brand.
Elmerina
Elmerina is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are formed on dead wood and are either bracket-like with a poroid hymenium or densely clavarioid. Species are known from East Asia and Australia.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Edvard Bacher
Carl Edvard Bacher (16 October 1875 – 22 March 1961) was a Finnish sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He was born and died in Helsinki. In 1912, he was part of the Finnish team which finished fifth in the team clay pigeons event. In the individual trap competition he finished 45th.

Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap (originally called clay bird shooting) was a shooting sports event held as part of the shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1900. The competition was held from Tuesday, 2 July 1912 to Thursday, 4 July 1912. Each nation could send up to 12 shooters. Sixty-one sport shooters from eleven nations competed. The event was won by James Graham of the United States. Silver went to Alfred Goeldel of Germany and bronze to Haralds Blaus of the Russian Empire. Each of the nations on the podium was making its debut in the event. Graham also received Lord Westbury's Cup, a challenge prize instituted in 1908.
Air ambulances in Canada
Air ambulance or medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) services in Canada are typically operated by third parties including non-governmental organizations and private contractors working on behalf of a provincial health authority, with a mix of fixed wing and rotary wing (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service or HEMS) fleets in use. They play a major role in Canadian healthcare given the massive geographic barriers to access. The two largest providers are Ornge Air Ambulance in Ontario, which operates twelve bases across the province, and STARS Air Ambulance, which operates six bases across Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.

PAL Airlines
PAL Airlines (formerly Provincial Airlines and stylized as PALairlines) is a Canadian regional airline with headquarters at St. John's International Airport in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. PAL operates scheduled passenger, cargo, air ambulance and charter services. PAL is the commercial airline arm of the PAL Group of Companies. In addition to its head office, it also has bases in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Halifax Stanfield International Airport), Happy Valley-Goose Bay (CFB Goose Bay), and Montreal, Quebec (Montréal–Trudeau International Airport). PAL is the second largest regional airline operator in Eastern Canada next to Jazz Aviation.
Liberal homophobia
Liberal homophobia is the acceptance of homosexuality as long as it remains hidden. It is a type of homophobia in which, despite acceptance of sexual diversity, prejudices and stereotypes that marginalize or underestimate LGBTQ people are perpetuated.

Sexual diversity
Sexual diversity or gender and sexual diversity (GSD), refers to all the diversities of sex characteristics, sexual orientations and gender identities, without the need to specify each of the identities, behaviors, or characteristics that form this plurality.
Šid railway station
Šid railway station (Serbian Cyrillic: Железничка станица Шид) is a railway station on Belgrade–Šid, first on Bijeljina–Šid railway and railway junction. Located in Šid, Serbia. Railroad continues to Tovarnik in one direction, in another direction to Kukujevci-Erdevik, and a third direction towards to Sremska Rača. Šid railway station consists of 10 railway track.

Belgrade–Šid railway
The Belgrade–Šid railway (Serbian: Pruga Beograd-Šid) officially designated the Railway line 1 is a 120-kilometre (75 mi) long railway line in Serbia that connects the city of Belgrade with the Croatian railway network and the city of Zagreb. Its route follows the Sava river valley. It is an integral part of the Pan-European Corridor X, running from Salzburg and Ljubljana towards Skopje and Thessaloniki. It is electrified and mostly double-tracked.
George Benson
George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American jazz fusion guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist.

A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting No. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following. Benson has won ten Grammy Awards and has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Scat singing
Originating in vocal jazz, scat singing or scatting is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, the singer improvises melodies and rhythms using the voice solely as an instrument rather than a speaking medium. This is different from vocalese, which uses recognizable lyrics that are sung to pre-existing instrumental solos.
Vehicle registration plates of the territories of the United States
All five inhabited United States territories require and issue license plates to vehicles. Puerto Rico was the first to require residents to register their motor vehicles and display license plates in 1906. However, the first territory to actually issue license plates was the former U.S. territory of the Panama Canal Zone, which began in 1910 and continued until September 1979.

National Safety Council
The National Safety Council (NSC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit,  public service organization  promoting health and safety in the United States. Headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, NSC is a member organization, founded in 1913 and granted a congressional charter in 1953. Members include more than 55,000 businesses, labor organizations, schools, public agencies, private groups and individuals.

The group focuses on areas where the greatest number of preventable injuries and deaths occur, including workplace safety, prescription medication abuse, teen driving, cell phone use while driving and safety in homes and communities.
John J. Phelan Jr.
John Joseph Phelan Jr. (May 7, 1931 – August 4, 2012) was an American financier who served as president and later chairman and chief executive of the New York Stock Exchange, where he introduced computerized trading technology.  Phelan's leadership tenure at the NYSE included the 1987 stock market crash, during which he declined to halt trading.  Phelan's calm and confident manner was widely praised.  After the crash, Phelan helped to implement trading curbs also known as "circuit breakers" to help prevent rapid stock selloffs in the future.

Trading curb
A trading curb (also known as a circuit breaker in Wall Street parlance) is a financial regulatory instrument that is in place to prevent stock market crashes from occurring, and is implemented by the relevant stock exchange organization. Since their inception, circuit breakers have been modified to prevent both speculative gains and dramatic losses within a small time frame. When triggered, circuit breakers either stop trading for a small amount of time or close trading early in order to allow accurate information to flow among market makers and for institutional traders to assess their positions and make rational decisions.