hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morley Torgov
Morley Torgov CM (born 3 December 1927) is a Canadian novelist, humorist and lawyer. He was a partner in the Toronto-based legal firm Olch, Torgov, Cohen LLP.

Torgov was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He wrote for The Sault Daily Star as a columnist and reporter from 1941 to 1946. Torgov has credited his experience writing for the newspaper for helping him learn to write creatively.

He studied law in Toronto at Osgoode Hall, formally becoming a lawyer in 1954.

Torgov has written and published eight books. His first, A Good Place To Come From, a collection of short stories based on his experiences and Jewish up-bringing in depression-era Sault Ste. Marie was published in 1974. The book was made into a three episode TV series that aired on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation  in March 1980.

His 1982 novel The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick was adapted into the 1988 film of the same name.

Torgov is the father of actress and artist Sarah Torgov.

Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour
The Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour, also known as the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour or just the Leacock Medal, is an annual Canadian literary award presented for the best book of humour written in English by a Canadian writer, published or self-published in the previous year. The silver medal, designed by sculptor Emanuel Hahn, is a tribute to well-known Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock (1869–1944) and is accompanied by a cash prize of CA$25,000. It is presented in the late spring or early summer each year, during a banquet ceremony in or near Leacock’s hometown of Orillia, Ontario.

The medal is one of the oldest literary prizes in Canada and is the only one awarded to a work of humour. It has been awarded every year since 1947 with the exception of 1959 when it was reported that no worthy entries had been submitted.
Anti-Occupation Bloc
The Anti-Occupation Bloc (in Hebrew: הגוש נגד הכיבוש, in Arabic: الكتلة ضد الاحتلال) is an Israeli alliance of Jewish and Palestinian political movements, activists and organizations advocating against Israeli occupation policies. The bloc was formed during the 2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu, which argued that rather than simply removing Netanyahu from power, Israeli policies must also be examined and amended.

The bloc protested at the Sheikh Jarrah demonstrations, 2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu, and 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests, and as of 2025 is participating in the Israeli hostage deal protests.

On their website, the bloc has written: "We are working together to emphasize the connection between the occupation and the regime coup [referring to the 2023 Israeli judicial reform]. We are thousands of protesters in over 20 cities across the country".

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Oblong turtle
The oblong turtle (Chelodina oblonga), also known commonly as the narrow-breasted snake-necked turtle, southwestern snake-necked turtle, (western) long-neck(ed) turtle, and as yaagan in Noongar language, is a species of turtle in the family Chelidae. The species is endemic to the southwestern part of Western Australia.

The species has been successfully bred in captivity in Cologne Zoological Garden, and the estimates life span is 30-40 years.

While all turtles are popularly believed to be mute, the oblong turtle is known to have a wide range of vocalizations.

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
Lastingham
Lastingham is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is on the southern fringe of the North York Moors, 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Kirkbymoorside, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the east of Hutton-le-Hole. It was home to the early missionaries to the Angles, the saints Cedd and his brother, Chad.  At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 96, increasing to 233 (including Spaunton) at the 2011 Census.

It is in the historic North Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Ryedale, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

North Riding of Yorkshire
The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m).

From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having been previously part of the Yorkshire lieutenancy. Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as quarter sessions. An administrative county, based on the riding, was created with a county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the non-metropolitan county and lieutenancy of North Yorkshire, and in the north-west by County Durham.
Westlake Boys High School
Westlake Boys High School (Māori: Te Kura Tuarua o Ngā Taitamatāne o Ururoto) is a state secondary school for boys in Forrest Hill, Auckland, New Zealand. The school opened in 1962, when Westlake High School (opened 1958) split into Westlake Girls High School on the existing site and Westlake Boys High School on a new site. Serving Years 9 to 13, the college has 2,764 students as of October 2025.

In 2025, Paul Fordham, an ex pupil of the school, was appointed as the school's eighth headmaster. He replaced David Ferguson who served as Headmaster for 15 years.

Team New Zealand
Team New Zealand or TNZ is a sailing team based in Auckland, New Zealand, representing the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. The team has been branded as Emirates Team New Zealand at America's Cup competitions since 2007.

Team New Zealand became a household name in their home country following their consecutive wins in the America's Cup in 1995 and 2000, under the leadership of Sir Peter Blake, when becoming the first team from a country outside the United States to win and successfully defend the America's Cup.

Team New Zealand won the 2017 America's Cup, skippered by Glenn Ashby. They successfully defended the title at the America's Cup in 2021 and 2024. They are also the winners of the Louis Vuitton Cup in 1995, 2007, 2013, and 2017.
Killed at Resaca
"Killed at Resaca" is a short story by American Civil War soldier, wit, and writer Ambrose Bierce.  First published in The San Francisco Examiner on June 5, 1887, it was later included in Bierce's Tales of Soldiers and Civilians in 1891.

San Francisco Examiner
The San Francisco Examiner is a newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California, and has been published since 1863. Once self-dubbed the "Monarch of the Dailies" by then-owner William Randolph Hearst and the flagship of the Hearst chain, the Examiner converted to free distribution early in the 21st century and is owned by Clint Reilly Communications, which bought the newspaper at the end of 2020 along with the SF Weekly.
Jade Vansteenkiste
Jade Vansteenkiste (born 17 July 2003) is a Belgian artistic gymnast. She is the 2025 World University Games floor exercise bronze medalist. She competed at the 2019 World Championships, helping Belgium qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Gymnastics at the 2025 Summer World University Games
Artistic gymnastics was contested at the 2025 Summer World University Games from July 22 to 26, 2025 at the Messe Essen Halle 3 in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Rhythmic gymnastics was contested from July 17 to 19 at the Messe Essen Halle 4.
Sixth principal meridian
The Sixth principal meridian at 97°22′08″W extends from the baseline coincident with the north boundary of Kansas in latitude 40°N south through the state to its south boundary in latitude 37°N and north through Nebraska to the Missouri River and governs the surveys in Kansas and Nebraska; the surveys in Wyoming except those referred to the Wind River meridian and base line, which intersect in latitude 43°01′20″N and longitude 108°48′40″W from Greenwich; the surveys in Colorado except those projected from the New Mexico and Ute meridians the latter intersecting its baseline in latitude 39°06′40″N and longitude 108°33′20″W from Greenwich; and the surveys in South Dakota extended or to be extended over the tract embracing the Pine Ridge and Rosebud Indian Reservations.

Rosebud Indian Reservation
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in South Dakota, United States. It is the home of the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe, who are Sicangu, a band of Lakota people. The Lakota name Sicangu Oyate translates as the "Burnt Thigh Nation", also known by the French term, the Brulé Sioux.

The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the Great Sioux Reservation, which was created by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). The Great Sioux Reservation had covered all of West River, South Dakota (the area west of the Missouri River), as well as part of northern Nebraska and eastern Montana. Since its founding, the Rosebud reservation has been reduced considerably in size, as has happened with the other Lakota and Dakota reservations. Now, it includes Todd County, South Dakota, and certain communities and lands in the four adjacent counties.
Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute
The West Virginia University Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute is a clinical, academic, and research-focused organization affiliated with West Virginia University and WVU Medicine (the University's affiliated academic health system).  Based in Morgantown, West Virginia, the Institute focuses on the study of neurological disorders, brain health, and memory diseases. The institute is one of the world's leading research centers focusing on innovative procedures to treat Alzheimer's disease and to expand clinical, research and academic missions of neurosurgery, neurology, behavioral medicine, psychiatry and other neuroscience issues.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Office for Students
The Office for Students (OfS) is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Education of the United Kingdom Government. It acts as the regulator and competition authority for the higher education sector in England.

Teaching Excellence Framework
The Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF) is a government assessment of the quality of undergraduate teaching in universities and other higher education providers in England, which may be used from 2020 to determine whether state-funded providers are permitted to raise tuition fees. Higher education providers from elsewhere in the United Kingdom are allowed to opt-in, but the rating has no impact on their funding. The TEF rates universities as Gold, Silver or Bronze, in order of quality of teaching. The first results were published in June 2017. This was considered a "trial year" (even though the non-provisional ratings awarded are valid for 3 years) and is to be followed by a "lessons learned exercise" that will feed into the 2018 TEF and longer-term plans for subject-level ratings.

In October 2017 the official title of the exercise was officially renamed from Teaching Excellence Framework to the Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework.
Piccoli
Piccoli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Piccoli (born 1970), Australian politician

Anselmo Piccoli (1915–1992), Argentine artist

Bernardino Piccoli (1581–1636), Roman Catholic prelate

Carlo Piccoli (born 1970), former Italian paralympic swimmer

Constanza Piccoli (born 1992), Chilean actress and singer

Enrica Piccoli (born 1999), Italian synchronised swimmer

Fantasio Piccoli (1917–1981), Italian stage director

Flaminio Piccoli (1918–2000), Italian politician

Francesco De Piccoli (born 1937), Italian boxer

Gianluca Piccoli (born 1997), Italian footballer

Ivan Piccoli (born 1981), Italian footballer

James Piccoli (born 1991), Canadian cyclist

Marco Piccoli (born 2001), Italian footballer

Mariano Piccoli (born 1970), Italian cyclist

Michel Piccoli (1925–2020), French actor

Nestor Omar Piccoli (born 1965), Argentine footballer

Roberto Piccoli (born 2001), Italian footballer

Ivan Piccoli
Ivan Piccoli (born 3 April 1981) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Santarcangelo.

In January 2008 he was loaned to Ancona. He was signed outright in June.

After Ancona was expelled from professional league, he joined Fano on 6 December 2010.
The King of Elfland's Daughter
The King of Elfland's Daughter is a 1924 fantasy novel  by Anglo-Irish writer Lord Dunsany. It is widely recognized as one of the most influential and acclaimed works in all of fantasy literature. Although the novel faded into relative obscurity following its initial release, it found new longevity and wider critical acclaim when a paperback edition was released in 1969 as the second volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series.

It has also been included in the more recent Fantasy Masterworks series. While seen as highly influential upon the genre as a whole, the novel was particularly formative in the (later-named) subgenres of fairytale fantasy and high fantasy.

Fantasy Masterworks
Fantasy Masterworks is a series of British paperbacks by Millennium (an imprint of Victor Gollancz). It is intended to comprise "some of the greatest, most original, and most influential fantasy ever written" and to contain "the books which, along with Tolkien, Peake and others, shaped modern fantasy." as claimed by its publisher.

It has a companion series in the SF Masterworks line. A separate Future Classics line has also started featuring eight science fiction novels from the last few decades.

The books were numbered only through No. 50; in the 2013 reboot of the series, the books are unnumbered, have a uniform look, and feature introductions by well-known writers and critics.
Philosopher's stone
The philosopher's stone is a mythic alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as lead and mercury into gold or  silver; it was also known as "the tincture" and "the powder" as well as "red lion" for gold and "white lion" for silver. Alchemists additionally believed that it could be used to make an elixir of life which made possible rejuvenation and immortality.

For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in alchemy. The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, divine illumination, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus ("Great Work").

Divine illumination
According to divine illumination, the process of human thought needs to be aided by divine grace. It is the oldest and most influential alternative to naturalism in the theory of mind and epistemology.  It was an important feature of ancient Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism, medieval philosophy, and the Illuminationist school of Islamic philosophy.
Chen Xiaogong
Chen Xiaogong (Chinese: 陈小工; born August 1949) is a retired lieutenant general (zhong jiang) of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of China. He served as Deputy Commander of the PLAAF from 2009 to 2013, and the PLA's intelligence chief from 2003 to 2007.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Rocío Comba
Bárbara Rocío Comba (born 14 July 1987) is an Argentine discus thrower.

She was born in Río Tercero. As a teenager she competed in the shot put, and finished tenth at the 2003 World Youth Championships and eighth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. Her personal best throw is 16.59 metres, achieved in July 2006 in São Caetano do Sul.

In the discus throw she finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. She also competed at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games and the 2009 and 2015 World Championships without reaching the final.  She did, however, reach the finals of the 2013 World Championship in Moscow.

Her personal best is 62.77 metres, achieved in May 2013 in Belém, Brazil.

Argentine Olympic Committee
The Argentine Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Argentino, COA; IOC Code: ARG) is the National Olympic Committee representing Argentina's athletes in the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Pan American Games and the South American Games.

It is based in Buenos Aires.
Dōhan (monk)
Dōhan (道範, 1179–1252) was a Japanese Buddhist monk and scholar of Kōyasan during the Kamakura period. He is primarily known for his systematic writings on Esoteric Buddhism (especially Shingon) and on the esoteric dimension of Pure Land Buddhism.

Bodhicitta
In Mahayana Buddhism, bodhicitta ("aspiration to enlightenment" or "the thought of awakening") is the mind (citta) that is aimed at awakening (bodhi) through wisdom and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

Bodhicitta is the defining quality of the Mahayana bodhisattva (a being striving towards Buddhahood) and the act of giving rise to bodhicitta (bodhicittotpāda) is what makes a bodhisattva a bodhisattva. Bodhicitta is the generative cause of a bodhisattva's eventual Buddhahood. The Daśabhūmika Sūtra explains that the arising of bodhicitta is the first step in the bodhisattva's career.
Robert MacGregor (Australian politician)
Robert MacGregor (1825 – 1883) was a Scottish-born Australian headmaster and politician.

MacGregor was born in Banffshire, Scotland, and was educated in Edinburgh. In 1852 he emigrated to Melbourne and lived in Emerald Hill. He became the headmaster of the South Melbourne Wesleyan day school. In 1863 he founded, as proprietor and headmaster, South Melbourne Grammar School.

MacGregor was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Fitzroy in 1877–1879 and Emerald Hill 1880–1883.

Electoral district of Fitzroy (Victoria)
The electoral district of Fitzroy was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in the British colony and later Australian state of Victoria, centred on the inner-Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy.
Deeside Tramway
The Deeside Tramway was a gravity and horse-worked, 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge industrial railway connecting the slate workings on the Dee valley with the main road at Glyndyfrdwy and later the Great Western Railway's Ruabon-Dolgellau railway. It was one of the last tramways in regular use to use wooden rails covered in iron sheaths.

Ruabon
Ruabon (Welsh: Rhiwabon; pronounced [r̥ɪʊˈɑːbɔn]) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The name comes from Rhiw Fabon, rhiw being the Welsh word for "slope" or "hillside" and Fabon being a mutation from St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin. An older English spelling, Rhuabon, can sometimes be seen.

From the mid-19th century, Ruabon became famous across the UK, for its red bricks and terracotta, which earnt the village the nickname "Terracottapolis". The local discovery of high-quality Etruria marl clay led to the rise of the Dennis Ruabon Tile Factory, whose durable and richly coloured products were used nationwide. The tiles were used in landmark projects such as Cardiff's Pier Head and Liverpool University's Victoria Building.

In 2001, more than 80% of the population of 2,400 were born in Wales, with 13.6% having some ability in Welsh.
Diplomatic capital
Diplomatic capital refers to the trust, goodwill, and influence which a diplomat, or a state represented by its diplomats, has within international diplomacy. According to political scientist Rebecca Adler-Nissen, diplomatic capital is a kind of currency that can be traded in diplomatic negotiations and that is increased when positive ″social competences, reputation and personal authority" are portrayed.

Rebecca Adler-Nissen
Rebecca Adler-Nissen is a Danish political scientist professor in the department of political science at the University of Copenhagen. She specializes in international politics with a particular focus on the European Union, European integration, diplomacy, digital technology, geopolitics, and the regulation of artificial intelligence. She is director of the National Center for AI in Society (CAISA)
Dale Sommers
Bruce Dale Sommers (November 26, 1943 – August 24, 2012), known by his nickname "The Truckin' Bozo", was an American radio personality, best known for his long-running country music show geared toward truck drivers. Sommers hosted the overnight show from Cincinnati, Ohio-based clear-channel station WLW from 1984 to 2004, and it was carried by a small network of similarly high-powered stations across the United States. Sommers discontinued playing music on his nightly show, focusing on general and truck news, and talk from his listeners. Sommers announced his retirement from radio in 2004, but XM Satellite Radio was successful in getting him to do an afternoon truck show, which aired on Sirius Satellite Radio and XM from 4 PM to 7 PM Eastern time. Sommers retired from XM/Sirius on June 21, 2012, only to return for the last time on July 16, 2012.

Truck driver
A truck driver  (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; an HGV driver in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the European Union, a lorry driver, or driver in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia and Singapore) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck, which is commonly defined as a large goods vehicle (LGV) or heavy goods vehicle (HGV) (usually a semi truck, box truck, or dump truck).