hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom is implemented through a combination of statutory laws, court judgments, administrative regulations, and voluntary measures by Internet service providers. It is achieved by blocking access to sites as well as the use of laws that criminalise publication or possession of certain types of material. These include English defamation law, the Copyright law of the United Kingdom, regulations against incitement to terrorism and child pornography.

Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015
The Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (c. 2) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which made a number of changes to the criminal justice system. It was introduced to the House of Commons on 5 February 2014 by Lord Chancellor Chris Grayling and received royal assent on 12 February 2015.
Daniel Hannon
Daniel Joseph Hannon (12 June 1884 – 26 April 1946) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Menevia from 1941 to 1946.

Born in Rotherham, Yorkshire on 12 June 1884, he was ordained to the priesthood on 22 September 1907. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Menevia by the Holy See on 15 March 1941. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 1 May 1941, the principal consecrator was Archbishop William Godfrey of Liverpool (later Archbishop of Westminster), and the principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Michael McGrath of Cardiff and Bishop Thomas Flynn of Lancaster.

Bishop Hannon died in office at the Bishop's House in Wrexham on 26 April 1946, aged 61, and was buried in Wrexham Cemetery in Ruabon Road.

Catholicism portal

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
History of English land law
The history of English land law can be traced back to Roman times. Throughout the Early Middle Ages, where England came under rule of post-Roman chieftains and Anglo-Saxon monarchs, land was the dominant source of personal wealth. English land law transformed further from the Anglo-Saxon days, particularly during the post-Norman Invasion feudal encastellation and the Industrial Revolution. As the political power of the landed aristocracy diminished and modern legislation increasingly made land a social form of wealth, subject to extensive social regulation such as for housing, national parks and agriculture.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.
Kuczków, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Kuczków [ˈkut͡ʂkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Secemin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Secemin, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Włoszczowa, and 64 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).
Kathleen Ngale
Kathleen Ngale (alternative spellings include Kngale, Kngala, Kngal, Ngala etc.) is a senior Australian Aboriginal artist, born c. 1930 in the Utopia region of Central Australia. She died in 2021. Kathleen Ngale belongs to the oldest-living generation of Utopia artists and has been compared to Emily Kngwarreye, Minnie Pwerle and Kathleen Petyarre.

Central Australia
Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and its immediate surrounds including the MacDonnell Ranges. Commonly, it refers to an area up to 600 km (370 mi) from Alice Springs, in every direction. In its broadest use it can include almost any region in inland Australia that has remained relatively undeveloped, and in this sense is synonymous with the term Outback.

In a modern, more formal sense it can refer to the administrative region used by the Northern Territory government, as of 2022.

Centralia is another term associated with the area, most commonly used by locals.
Hanafuda
Hanafuda (Japanese: 花札, lit. 'flower cards') are a type of Japanese playing cards. They are typically smaller than Western playing cards, only 5.4 by 3.2 centimetres (2.1 by 1.3 in), but thicker and stiffer. On the face of each card is a depiction of plants, tanzaku (短冊; 'paper strips'), animals, birds, or man-made objects. One single card depicts a human. The back side is usually plain, without a pattern or design of any kind, and traditionally colored either red or black. Hanafuda are used to play a variety of games including Koi-Koi and Hachi-Hachi.

Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics
Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics, known as 51 Worldwide Games in Europe and Australia, is a 2020 party video game developed by NDcube and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. The game is a successor to Clubhouse Games for the Nintendo DS and is a compilation of board, card, tabletop, and toy sports games from around the world. The game sold more than four million copies by April 2022.
Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament
The mixed doubles curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Curling Centre from 8 to 13 February 2018. Eight nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. This was the first time mixed doubles was held at the Winter Olympics.

On 18 February 2018, it was reported that bronze medallist Alexander Krushelnitskiy of the Olympic Athletes from Russia team had failed a drug test and was awaiting a test of the B sample. After the testing of the B sample that was also positive, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) confirmed that they were instituting formal proceedings; three days later, CAS disqualified the Olympic Athletes from Russia team and stripped them of the bronze medal, which was reawarded to the Norwegian team.

Court of Arbitration for Sport
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; French: Tribunal arbitral du sport, TAS) is an international body established in 1984 to settle disputes related to sport through arbitration. Its headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its courts are located in New York City, Sydney, and Lausanne. Temporary courts are established in current Olympic host cities.

The International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) was established simultaneously, and a single president presides over both bodies. The ICAS, which has a membership of 20 individuals, is responsible for the financing of and financial reporting by the CAS, and it appoints the Director-General of the CAS.
Popillia acuta
Popillia acuta is a species of beetle that was described by Edward Newman in 1838. It has been debated whether or not P. acuta is the same species as P. nasuta. It is found in Southwestern India and the East Indies.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Basic4GL
Basic4GL (B4GL; from Basic for openGL) is an interpreted, open source version of the BASIC programming language which features support for 3D computer graphics using OpenGL. While being interpreted, it is also able to compile programs on top of the virtual machine to produce standalone executable programs.

It uses a syntax similar to traditional dialects of BASIC and features an IDE and a very thorough and comprehensive debugger.

Basic4GL is not designed to compete with programming languages such as C++; it was intended to replace older languages such as QBasic or GFA BASIC.

Basic4GL features the usual commands that you would expect to find in a version of BASIC such as...

PRINT

INPUT

GOSUB

It also includes a few features that C programmers will be familiar with, such as support for pointers, structures and most importantly the entire OpenGL v1.1 API.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
Greengates
Greengates is a small suburban area in the north-east of the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, in England. The area is bordered by Idle and Thackley to the north-west, whilst Thorpe Edge is to the west. To the south of Greengates is Ravenscliffe with the village of Eccleshill beyond that. Apperley Bridge is to the north. East of Greengates, in the Leeds Metropolitan District, is the village of Calverley.

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
Aligator 4x4
The Aligator 4x4 (Slovak: Aligátor, Slovak for alligator) is a Slovak type of all-terrain, off-road, lightly armoured, amphibious armored car, capable of carrying a crew of four. The vehicle is operated by the Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic, the land army of the Slovak Armed Forces, as well as some law enforcement agencies of the Slovak Police Force.

Police Corps (Slovakia)
The Police Force (Slovak: Policajný zbor, PZ), commonly known as Slovak Republic Police (Slovak: Polícia Slovenskej republiky), is the national police force of Slovakia.

Governed by the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic, the Police Corps is part of and extremely active in both Europol and Interpol.

Along with serving in Slovakia, the Police Corps along with the Customs Administration of the Slovak Republic has been active in neighboring European countries as well, including Austria, Hungary and Poland.
Battle of Abraq
The Battle of Abraq occurred in the Abraq area, situated approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) north of Al Hinakiyah. It is within the Nejd region, a central-western part of Saudi Arabia, and the battle took place in mid-August of the year 632. It battled the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Caliph Abu Bakr, against rebellious Arab tribes led, according to Agha Ali Ibrahim Akram, by General Hibal ibn Khuwailid.

This victory for the Rashidun Caliphate marked the end of defensive operations for Medina, and the beginning of large-scale offensive attack throughout the Arabian Peninsula by Abu Bakr and the regrouping of the defeated tribes that fled the battle into a unified force at Buzakha.

Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin
An-Numan ibn Muqarrin (Arabic: النعمان بن مقرن; died December 641) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the leader of the tribe of Banu Muzaina.

He converted to Islam after the Battle of Uhud, and was involved in the Ahzab War. He carried the banner of Muzainah during conquest of Mecca. During the caliphate of Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), An-Numan and his family played a major role in putting an end to the apostasy wars like in the Battle of Dhu al-Qassah. They fought under Khalid bin Waleed in the wars in Iraq, and later An-Numan fought under Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas.
Sopite syndrome
The sopite syndrome (/soʊˈpaɪt/; from Latin  sopire 'to put to sleep') is a neurological disorder that relates symptoms of fatigue, drowsiness, and mood changes to prolonged periods of motion.  The sopite syndrome has been attributed to motion-induced drowsiness such as that experienced by a baby when rocked.  Researchers Ashton Graybiel and James Knepton at the US Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory first used the term "the sopite syndrome" in 1976, to refer to the sometimes sole manifestation of motion sickness, though other researchers have referred to it as "Sopite syndrome."

Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton
Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton (NAMRU-D) is a biomedical research laboratory of the United States Navy in Dayton, Ohio. It is one of seven subordinate commands of the Naval Medical Research Command and incorporates two research divisions. The Environmental Health Effects Laboratory was established in 1959 in Bethesda, Maryland, and moved to Dayton in 1976.  NAMRU-D's predecessor organization, the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL), dates back to 1939 when it was established as an aviation medical research unit at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.  Pursuant to a 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission decision, NAMRL began incrementally relocating to Dayton in late 2010. and was formally disestablished at NAS Pensacola in September 2011. Despite being a Navy activity, NAMRU-D was set up on the grounds of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base at Dayton so it could be co-located with similar U.S. Air Force activities.
Burton Wold Wind Farm
Burton Wold Wind Farm is a wind farm located near Burton Latimer in the English county of Northamptonshire, UK. The farm was developed by Your Energy Ltd, is owned by Mistral Windfarms and operated by Engineering Renewables Ltd. E.ON UK is buying the electricity output of the project under a long-term power purchase agreement. The farm is spread over three hectares. It has an installed capacity of 20 MW and generate on average around 40,000,000 units (kilowatt hours) of electricity annually.

E.ON UK
E.ON UK is a British energy company and one of the largest suppliers of energy in the UK, following its acquisition of Npower. It is a subsidiary of E.ON of Germany and one of the Big Six energy suppliers. It was founded in 1989 as Powergen, and was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has been a subsidiary of E.ON since 1 July 2002.

E.ON was formerly a vertically integrated utility company with interests in electrical generation, electricity distribution in the Midlands region, and in the electricity and gas supply markets. It took a pioneering role in the development of large scale renewables including the construction and operation of the UK's first offshore wind farm at Blyth in Northumberland. It became one of the first in the world, and the first major UK energy company, to significantly alter its structure by spinning off its fossil generation business so it could focus on energy supply, grid development and renewables.
Sbor, Pazardzhik Province
Sbor (Bulgarian: Сбор, pronounced [zbɔr]) is a small village Pazardzhik Municipality, Pazardzhik Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2006 it has 298 inhabitants. The village is situated at 300 m altitude, at 1 km to the east of the main road Pazardzhik-Panagyurishte.

The main agricultural crops raised by the locals are cereals, peanuts, cherries, apples, grapes. The most widespread domestic animals include sheep, poultry and pheasants. The village has a kindergarten and chitalishte. The main landmark is the 19th-century church "Sv. Ioan Predtecha" (1881). The village is mentioned in an Ottoman document from 1576.

A treasure trove which consists of 503 silver Roman coins was found in the vicinity of the village.

42°20′00″N 24°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿42.3333333433°N 24.30000001°E﻿ / 42.3333333433; 24.30000001

Chitalishte
A chitalishte (Bulgarian: читалище, pronounced [t͡ʃiˈtaliʃtɛ]) is a traditional Bulgarian public institution and building that fulfills several functions at once, such as a community centre, public library, and a theatre. It is also used as an educational institution, where people of all ages can enroll in foreign language, dance, music and other courses. In this function they could be compared to the folk high schools of Northern Europe. Some larger urban chitalishta are comparable to 92nd Street Y in New York City.
Le Temps des bouffons
Le Temps des bouffons (French for Time of the Buffoons) is a short film created (and narrated) in 1985 by Québécois director Pierre Falardeau.

It compares English rule in Ghana with Canadian dominance in Quebec by showing the 200th anniversary celebration of the Beaver Club of Montreal. Falardeau speaks slowly and angrily during scenes of the Canadian élite laughing and toasting each other, some in pseudo-Colonial costume.

The film was shot in 1985 but never shown until 1993.

Beaver Club
The Beaver Club was a gentleman's dining club founded in 1785 by the predominantly Scottish English men who had gained control of the fur trade of Montreal. According to the club's rules, the object of their meeting was "to bring together, at stated periods during the winter season, a set of men highly respectable in society, who had passed their best days in a savage country and had encountered the difficulties and dangers incident to a pursuit of the fur trade of Canada". Only fragmentary records remain of their meetings, but from these it is clear that the Beaver Club was "an animated expression of the esprit de corps of the North West Company". The men of the Beaver Club were the predecessors of Montreal's Square Milers.
Lectionary 261
Lectionary 261, designated by siglum ℓ 261 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.
Scrivener labelled it as 158e,
Gregory by 158e. The manuscript has complex contents.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
The News Herald
Several newspapers are named The News Herald or The News-Herald, including:

Borger News-Herald

News Herald - Port Clinton, Ohio

News-Herald - Perkasie, Pennsylvania

Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald

The Marshfield News-Herald

The News Herald (North Carolina)

The News Herald (Panama City)

The News-Herald - Franklin, Pennsylvania

The News-Herald - Owenton, Kentucky

The News-Herald - Vancouver

The News-Herald (Ohio) – in Lake County, Ohio

The News-Herald (Oil City, Pennsylvania)

The News-Herald (Southgate, Michigan)

Today's News-Herald - Lake Havasu City, Arizona

Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald
The Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald  is a newspaper founded in 1914 as the Ahoskie Patriot. It serves the rural North Carolina communities of Bertie, Hertford, Northampton and Gates counties, including the towns of Ahoskie, Murfreesboro and Windsor. It is published on Wednesday and Saturday.

The paper gets its name from the location of its primary region of distribution between the Roanoke River and Chowan River in Northeastern North Carolina, a location that includes Bertie, Hertford, and Northampton counties.

The inclusion of Gates County is the result of a merger with the Gates County Index.

Media General sold the paper to Boone Newspapers Inc. of Tuscaloosa, Ala in 2000.
Roderick MacLean
Roderick MacLean (November 15, 1900 – January 30, 1962) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1949 to 1962. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1900 at Inverness, Nova Scotia, MacLean was educated at Dalhousie University. He married Etta Maud Hammond in 1937. From 1937 to 1949, MacLean was a municipal councillor for Inverness County, serving from 1943 to 1949 as warden. MacLean entered provincial politics in the 1949 election, winning the dual-member Inverness riding with Liberal Alexander H. McKinnon. He was re-elected in 1953. Maclean was re-elected in the 1956, and 1960 elections, serving with Liberal Joseph Clyde Nunn. MacLean died in office on January 30, 1962. He was succeeded as MLA by his brother, William N. MacLean.

Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Inverness County is a historical county and census division of Nova Scotia, Canada located on Cape Breton Island. Local government is provided by the Municipality of the County of Inverness, the town of Port Hawkesbury and the Whycocomagh 2 Waycobah First Nation reserve.