hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viking raid warfare and tactics
The term "Viking Age" refers to the period roughly from the 790s to the late 11th century in Europe, though the Norse raided Scotland's western isles well into the 12th century. In this era, Viking activity started with raids on Christian lands in England and eventually expanded to mainland Europe, including parts of present-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

While maritime battles were very rare, Viking bands proved very successful in raiding coastal towns and monasteries due to their efficient warships, intimidating war tactics, skillful hand-to-hand combat, and fearlessness.  What started as Viking raids on small towns transformed into the establishment of important agricultural spaces and commercial trading hubs across Europe through rudimentary colonization. Vikings' tactics gave them an enormous advantage in successfully raiding (and later colonizing), despite their small population in comparison to that of their enemies.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
Foam (film)
Foam (French: Écume) is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Omar Elhamy and released in 2020. The film stars Hakim Loudyi as Hakim, a man whose return to work at a car wash following a stint in jail does not go as expected, when his boss announces that the car wash is closing.

The film premiered at the 70th Berlin Film Festival in February 2020. It had its Canadian premiere at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in October 2020, where it won the National Short Film Competition.

It was subsequently named to the Toronto International Film Festival's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films in 2020.

The film won the Prix Iris for Best Live Action Short Film at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2021.

70th Berlin International Film Festival
The 70th annual Berlin International Film Festival took place from 20 February to 1 March 2020. It was the first under the leadership of new Berlin Film Festival board: business administration director Mariette Rissenbeek and artistic director Carlo Chatrian.

The festival opening gala was presented by actor Samuel Finzi, followed by the world premiere My Salinger Year, directed by Philippe Falardeau. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Iranian film There Is No Evil, directed by Mohammad Rasoulof.
Osek, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah
Osek (pronounced [ˈoːsɛk]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Traces of a Roman period settlement, a quarry, and a burial ground have been identified and partly excavated near the settlement.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Laclede Gas Building
The Laclede Gas Building is a 31-story, 122 m (400 ft) skyscraper located at 720 Olive Street in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri. It was designed by the Emery Roth & Sons architecture firm, and was built between 1967 and 1969 for the Laclede Gas Company, which had outgrown its 10-story building at 1017 Olive Street. The Laclede Gas Company vacated the building in March 2015, after 45 years in the space. The building has since been converted to mixed-use, and presently consists of both office and residential spaces.

Uniquely, all power for the building is generated in-house using natural gas burning generators, and therefore is not interconnected to the Ameren power grid.

The building also houses one of the eastbound entrances to MetroLink's 8th & Pine subway station.

As of January 2025, the building is for sale.

MetroLink (St. Louis)
MetroLink (reporting mark BSDA) (commonly referred to as "Metro") is the light rail system that serves the Greater St. Louis area. It is operated by Metro Transit in a shared fare system with MetroBus. Currently, it is a two-line, 46 mile (74 km) system serving 38 stations operating primarily on separate grade with subway sections in downtown St. Louis, near Forest Park, and in suburban Clayton.

Unlike the majority of LRT systems in the United States, St. Louis MetroLink shares more characteristics of a rapid transit service, including a largely independent right-of-way, a higher top speed, and level boarding at all platforms.

In 2025, the system had an annual ridership of 7,135,000.
Y Fflam
Y Fflam ('the flame') was a Welsh-language literary journal published between 1946 and 1952 providing a platform for young Welsh writers.  It included poetry, artworks, short fiction, and reviews.  Its political viewpoint was strongly radical nationalism.

It was edited by Euros Bowen, Pennar Davies, and J. Gwyn Griffiths, and its contributors included D. Tecwyn Lloyd, Gareth Alban Davies, Bobi Jones, and R. S. Thomas.

Gwasg Y Fflam, Bala, was a small publisher set up to produce Y Fflam.

The journal has been digitized by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

R. S. Thomas
Ronald Stuart Thomas (29 March 1913 – 25 September 2000), published as R. S. Thomas, was a Welsh poet and Anglican priest noted for nationalism, spirituality and dislike of the anglicisation of Wales. John Betjeman, introducing Song at the Year's Turning (1955), the first collection of Thomas's poetry from a major publisher, predicted that Thomas would be remembered long after he himself was forgotten. M. Wynn Thomas said: "He was the Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn of Wales because he was such a troubler of the Welsh conscience. He was one of the major English language and European poets of the 20th century."
Khanji
Khanji is an occupational surname literally meaning "innkeeper" ("khan keeper"; -ji is an occupational suffix). Notable people with the surname include:

Antoine Khanji (born 1960), Canadian artist

Muhammad Dilawar Khanji (1918-1989), Pakistani politician

Ghulam Moinuddin Khanji (1911-2003), ruler of Manavadar State

One of many Nawabs of Junagarh
Sher Khanji Babi

One of many rulers of Balasinor State

Ahmad Mayez Khanji  (born 1967), Syrian boxer

Ahmad Mayez Khanji
Ahmad Mayez Khanji (Arabic: أحمد مايز خانجي; born 22 June 1967) is a Syrian boxer. He competed in the men's light welterweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. At the 1988 Summer Olympics, he lost to Lars Myrberg of Sweden.
Spanish Point (Antarctica)
Spanish Point (Nos Española \'nos e-spa-'nyo-la\) is located on Bulgarian Beach on Hurd Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica formed by an offshoot of Spanish Knoll.

The name was given in recognition of key Spanish logistic support for the Bulgarian Antarctic programme.

Hurd Peninsula
Hurd Peninsula lies between South Bay and False Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Spanish Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base and the Bulgarian St. Kliment Ohridski Base are situated on its west coast.

The peninsula was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Thomas Hurd, Royal Navy, the second Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, 1808–23, who instituted a regular system of nautical surveys, and under whose authority Lieutenant Edward Bransfield's 1820 survey of the Bransfield Strait area was published in November 1822.
Manilkara kanosiensis
Manilkara kanosiensis (commonly known as torem or sawai) is a species of tree in the sapodilla family Sapotaceae. It is thinly dispersed in low-lying rainforests over a large range, from the Maluku Islands of Indonesia to the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland) of Papua New Guinea. It is endangered by the furious pace of logging in its native habitat, where it is felled as timber.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Mahmoud Al-Kheirat
Mahmoud Al-Kheirat (Arabic: محمود الخيرات; born 16 September 1970) is a Syrian retired middle-distance runner and athlete. Al-Kheirat won a bronze medal in 800 m at the 1998 Asian Athletics Championships held in Fukuoka. He is also a multiple medalist from the Pan Arab Games and Arab Championships. He represented Syria three times during his career at the World Athletics Indoor Championships. He is the current Syrian record holder of the outdoor 800 m, 1500 m and indoor 800 metres events.

World Athletics Indoor Championships
The World Athletics Indoor Championships are a biennial indoor track and field competition served as the global championship for that version of the sport. Organised by the World Athletics, the competition was inaugurated as the World Indoor Games in 1985 in Paris, France and were subsequently renamed to IAAF World Indoor Championships in 1987. The current name was adapted with the name change of the sports governing body in 2019.

They have been held every two years except for when they were held in consecutive years 2003 and 2004 to facilitate the need for them to be held in alternate years to the outdoor World Athletics Championships in the future, and in 2024, 2025, and 2026. The Championships due to be held in China in 2020 were postponed because of the COVID pandemic, as were the attempted running of the China edition in then 2021 and 2023, eventually being scheduled for 2025. Two standard editions of the Championships were held in 2022 and 2024.
The Long Cosmos
The Long Cosmos is a science fiction novel by  Terry Pratchett and Stephen Baxter published on 30 June 2016. It is the final installment in the award-winning five-book parallel-Earth series The Long Earth.

It is the fifth book in the series published posthumously from Terry Pratchett.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Rees Thomas
Rees Thomas (1882–14 June 1926) was a Welsh international rugby union back row player who was utilised usually as a flanker or Number 8. Thomas played club rugby for Pontypool and county rugby for Monmouthshire. He won eight caps for Wales and played between 1909 and 1913, representing Wales during two Triple Crown winning seasons.

Monmouthshire County RFC
Monmouthshire County RFC is a Welsh rugby union club that manages an invitational team, known as Monmouthshire that originally played rugby at county level. The team was made up of amateur players from sports clubs in the Monmouthshire region and historically played matches against other county teams from Wales and England, and during the 20th century was a fixture for touring international teams. Today clubs from the Monmouthshire region are still affiliated to Monmouthshire County RFC, as well as the Welsh Rugby Union.
Maanik
Maanik is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language fantasy comedy film directed by Martyn and starring Ma Ka Pa Anand and Suza Kumar. Featuring music composed by Dharan Kumar and lyrics by Mirchi Vijay, the film began production in mid 2016 was released in January 2019.

Fantasy comedy
Fantasy comedy (also called comic fantasy) is a subgenre of fantasy that is primarily humorous in intent and tone. Typically set in imaginary worlds, fantasy comedy often involves puns on, and parodies of, other works of fantasy.
Parkapzuk
The parkapzuk (Armenian: Պարկապզուկ) is a droneless, horn-belled bagpipe played in Armenia.  The double-chanters each have five  or six finger-holes, but the chanters are tuned slightly apart, giving a "beat" as the soundwaves of each interfere, resulting in a penetrating tone.  Researchers in 1996 and 1997 noted they recorded one of the last active pipers of that time.

The Parkapzuk is made of sheep or lamb skin, which has been gutted and hardened. The size of the 'bag', depends on the player's comfortable size. The pipes are made of wood. Wood was the original material, preferably wood from an apricot tree, but today some of the pipes have been made of plastic, as it is cheaper and less difficult to make.

Some sources indicate that the parkapzuk is single chantered, while others indicate it is double-chantered like the tulum.

Chanter
The chanter (Irish: seamsúr; Scottish Gaelic: seannsair; Scots: chanter, chaunter) is the part of the bagpipe upon which the player creates the melody. It consists of a number of finger-holes, and in its simpler forms looks similar to a recorder. On more elaborate bagpipes, such as the Northumbrian bagpipes or the Uilleann pipes, it also may have a number of keys, to increase the instrument's range and/or the number of keys (in the modal sense) it can play in. Like the rest of the bagpipe, they are often decorated with a variety of substances, including metal (silver/nickel/gold/brass), bone, ivory, or plastic mountings.
Australian Paralympic Table Tennis Team
Australia was represented in table tennis at the 1960 Summer Paralympics. In the early Games, many table tennis players represented Australia in several events. It won eight medals - two gold, three silver and three bronze.

Gold medallists are:

Daphne Ceeney and Marion O'Brien in 1964

Terry Biggs in 1984

Lei Lina in 2021 (2020 Summer Paralympics)

Qian Yang in 2021 (2020 Summer Paralympics)

1960 Summer Paralympics
The 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, retroactively designated as the 1960 Summer Paralympics, were the first international Paralympic Games, following on from the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948 and 1952. They were organised under the aegis of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation. The term "Paralympic Games" was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) first in 1984, while the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989.

The Games were held in Rome, Italy from September 18 to 25, 1960, with the 1960 Summer Olympics. The only disability included in these Paralympics was spinal cord injury. There were 400 athletes from 23 countries.
Hilaliyya Zawiya
The Hilaliyya Zawiya is a zawiya located in the east part of the Jallum quarter of Aleppo, Syria. It was reconstructed in 1790 to accommodate a mausoleum for Sheikh Mohammed Hilal Ram Hamdani. It has evolved into a place where pilgrims could meditate in seclusion.

Zawiya (institution)
A zawiya or zaouia (Arabic: زاوية, romanized: zāwiyah, lit. 'corner'; Turkish: zaviye; also spelled zawiyah or zawiyya) is a building and institution associated with Sufis in the Islamic world. It can serve a variety of functions such a place of worship, school, monastery and/or mausoleum. In some regions the term is interchangeable with the term khanqah, which serves a similar purpose. In the Maghreb, the term is often used for a place where the founder of a Sufi order or a local saint or holy man (e.g. a wali) lived and was buried. In the Maghreb the word can also be used to refer to the wider tariqa (Sufi order or brotherhood) and its membership.
Wagh (surname)
Wagh is a Marathi surname used by the Maratha caste, which literally means 'tiger'.

People with Wagh surname:

Amey Wagh (born 1987), Indian Marathi actor

Anutai Wagh (1910–1992), Indian educator

Dhondia Wagh (died 1800), Indian soldier and adventurer

Dilip Wagh, Indian politician

Dushyant Wagh (born 1987), Indian actor

Girish Wagh, Indian businessman

Kshitij Wagh, Indian playback singer and a composer

Mark Wagh (born 1976), English cricketer

Mayuri Wagh, Indian Marathi actress

Pratap Wagh, Indian politician

Saleel Wagh, Indian Marathi poet and philosopher

Sharvari Wagh (born 1997), Indian actress

Sneha Wagh (born 1987), Indian actress

Shrikant Wagh (born 1988), Indian cricketer

Smita Wagh, Indian politician

Vishnu Wagh (1964–2019), Indian poet, writer, dramatist, journalist and politician

Vitthal Wagh (born 1945), Indian Marathi poet, writer and artist

Girish Wagh
Girish Wagh is currently the Executive Director of Tata Motors. He was previously leading the Commercial Vehicle Business Unit at Tata Motors. He earlier worked in the capacity of Sr. Vice President(Tata Small & Passenger Car Segment) & Head Project Planning and Program Management of Tata Motors. He is a key figure in the Tata Nano's project.

A mechanical engineer from the Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Wagh did a post-graduate programme in manufacturing from Mumbai B-school SP Jain Institute of Management and Research. At Tata Motors, he previously designed the Tata Ace mini truck. He is a native of Pune.
Dasara (soundtrack)
Dasara is the soundtrack album composed by Santhosh Narayanan to the 2023 film of the same name written and directed by debutant Srikanth Odela, and stars Nani and Keerthy Suresh. The soundtrack to the film features 10 songs released under the Saregama record label. It was preceded by six tracks released as singles—"Dhoom Dhaam Dhostham", "Ori Vaari", "Chamkeela Angeelesi", "Oh Ammalaalo Ammalaalo", "Celebration of Vennela" and "Cricket Rap"—followed by the soundtrack released on 14 April 2023. The songs were written by Kasarla Shyam, Sri Mani, Rehman, Gaddam Suresh in Telugu, whereas Vivek, Muthamil, Santhosh Varma, Varadaraj Chikkaballapura, Kausar Munir, Raqueeb Alam, Vinay, Tarun Mathur were credited as the songwriters for the Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi versions.

Dasara (film)
Dasara is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by Srikanth Odela and produced by Sudhakar Cherukuri. It stars an ensemble cast of Nani, Dheekshith Shetty, Keerthy Suresh, Shine Tom Chacko, Samuthirakani, P. Sai Kumar and Shamna Kasim. The film marks the directorial debut of Odela and Chacko's acting debut in Telugu cinema. Santhosh Narayanan composed the soundtrack and background score, while the cinematography and editing were by Sathyan Sooryan and Naveen Nooli.

The film was announced in October 2021. Principal photography commenced in March 2022 and ended in January 2023. The film is set around Singareni Coal Mines in Veerlapalli village near Godavarikhani and Ramagundam cities of Telangana.

Dasara was released on 30 March 2023 to positive reviews from critics and emerged as a commercial success at the box office, grossing over ₹121 crore worldwide.
Hugaboom Lake
Hugaboom Lake is a 31-acre (13 ha) lake that is located in northern Delta County, Michigan in the Hiawatha National Forest.  It is just south of the county line with Alger and Schoolcraft countries and about a mile and half east of the intersection of Federal Forest Highway 13 and County Road 440.  Other nearby lakes include Mowe Lake, Corner-Straits Chain of lakes, Ironjaw Lake, and Round Lake.

Alger County, Michigan
Alger County (/ˌældʒər/ AL-jər) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 8,842. It is the state's second-largest county by area, including the waters of Lake Superior. The county seat is Munising. Alger County is home to Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, which features rock formations, waterfalls, and sand dunes along the shore of Lake Superior. Much of the county is also part of the Hiawatha National Forest.
Beerenberg
Beerenberg is a stratovolcano dominating the northeastern end of the Norwegian island of Jan Mayen. It is 2,277 m (7,470 ft) high and is the world's northernmost subaerial active volcano and the only active volcano in Norway. The volcano is topped by a mostly ice-filled crater about one kilometre (5⁄8 mile) wide, with numerous peaks along its rim including the highest summit, Haakon VII Toppen, on its western side.

Subaerial
In natural science, subaerial (literally "under the air") has been used since 1833, notably in geology and botany, to describe features and events occurring or formed on or near the Earth's land surface. They are thus exposed to Earth's atmosphere. This may be contrasted with subaqueous events or features located below a water surface, submarine events or features located below a sea surface, subterranean events or features located below ground, or subglacial events or features located below glacial ice such as ice sheets.
1999 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 1999 was the 81st mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio.  It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1999.  Republican party incumbent mayor Greg Lashutka retired from office after two consecutive terms in office.  Democratic party nominee Michael B. Coleman defeated Republican party nominee Dorothy Teater.  Coleman became the first African American elected as mayor of Ohio's capital city.

Greg Lashutka
Gregory S. Lashutka (born March 28, 1944) is an American lawyer who served as the 51st mayor of Columbus, Ohio, from 1992 to 2000. He is an Eagle Scout and had earlier been an American football player.