hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elections in Bulgaria
Bulgaria elects a head of state—the president—and a legislature on a national level. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people directly. The National Assembly (Narodno Sabranie) has 240 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system in which usually no party receives a required majority and parties have to collaborate to form governments, generally via confidence and supply or coalition agreements.

Confidence and supply
In parliamentary democracies, especially those based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation.

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement in which junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation and formally participate in the government, with members holding office in the cabinet and ministerial roles.
Magic User Interface
The Magic User Interface (MUI in short) is an object-oriented system by Stefan Stuntz to generate and maintain graphical user interfaces. With the aid of a preferences program, the user of an application has the ability to customize the system according to personal taste.

The Magic User Interface was written for AmigaOS and gained popularity amongst both programmers and users. It has been ported to PowerPC processors and adopted as the default GUI toolkit of the MorphOS operating system. The MUI application programmer interface has been cloned by the Zune toolkit used in the AROS Research Operating System.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Sprout Sharing Show
The Sprout Sharing Show was a programming block on the Sprout cable channel. The show premiered on May 5, 2008, airing on daily afternoons (3 PM-6 PM EST) in the lineup formerly occupied by The Let's Go Show. However, The Let's Go Show moved to a weekend lineup (6 AM-7:30 AM and 9 AM-11 AM EST) until September 2010. It features three new programs which encourage viewers (referred to on the channel as "Sproutlets") to send in photos, videos, artwork, and stories. Programs and segments are introduced by the show's puppet hosts: Patty (a pig voiced by Kelly Vrooman), Ricky (a rabbit voiced by Kevin Yamada), and Curtis E. Owl (voiced by Brendan Gawell), whose first name and middle initial are a pun on the word "courtesy". Other characters include Patty's mother, Ricky's father and Curtis' younger brother, Otis, who plays the ukulele. It ended on May 11, 2014.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Sheng Hsing railway station
Sheng Hsing (Chinese: 勝興; pinyin: Shèngxīng), also spelled Shengsing, Shengxing or Shengzing, is a railway station on the Taiwan Railway West Coast line (Former Mountain line). It is located in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. It is now a tourist spot surrounded by a cluster of tea shops and traditional Hakka restaurants.

Hakka cuisine
Hakka cuisine is the cooking style of the Hakka people. It is found primarily in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi, as well as parts of Taiwan and within countries with significant overseas Hakka communities.  There are many restaurants in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, as well as in the United States and Canada, that serve Hakka food. Hakka cuisine was listed in 2014 on the first Hong Kong Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Kolob, Untsukulsky District, Republic of Dagestan
Kolob (Russian: Колоб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ishtiburinsky Selsoviet, Untsukulsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  241 (2010 Census); 137 (2002 Census); 167 (1989 Soviet census).

Untsukulsky District
Untsukulsky District (Russian: Унцукульский райо́н; Avar: Унсоколо мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 560 square kilometers (220 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Untsukul. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 29,547, with the population of Untsukul accounting for 21.2% of that number.
Gerhana Skacinta
Gerhana Skacinta is a Malaysian band that specializes in the musical style of ska. The name is composed of gerhana 'eclipse', ska, and cinta 'love'. Although based in a country far from more famous centers of ska culture, the music of the band is not a fusion of Caribbean and Southeast Asian genres, but instead pure, traditional ska style. They are signed to the Clockwork Records label. The band is influenced by bands such as The Skatalites, Lord Kitchener and The Wailers.

Lord Kitchener (calypsonian)
Aldwyn Roberts HBM DA (18 April 1922 – 11 February 2000), better known by the stage name Lord Kitchener (or "Kitch"), was a Trinidadian calypsonian. He has been described as "the grand master of calypso" and "the greatest calypsonian of the post-war age".
House with Guild Tree
The House with Guild Tree (Romanian: Casa cu Pomul Breslelor), also known as the House with Iron Tree (Romanian: Casa cu Pomul de Fier), is a historical building in the Cetate district of Timișoara, Romania. At the corner of the house stands a replica of the "Guild Tree," with the original housed in the National Museum of Banat. Though surrounded by various legends, it is generally believed to have served as a house sign.

Stock im Eisen
The Stock im Eisen (German: "staff in iron") is the midsection of a tree-trunk from the Middle Ages, a so-called nail-tree (Nagelbaum), into which hundreds of nails have been pounded for good luck over centuries. It is located in Vienna, Austria, in Stock-im-Eisen-Platz, now part of Stephansplatz, at the corner of the Graben and Kärntner Straße and is now behind glass on a corner of the Palais Equitable.
Twentysomething (TV series)
Twentysomething is an Australian television comedy programme that premiered on 6 September 2011 on ABC2. The six-part comedy series was created by and starred Jess Harris and Josh Schmidt. It was based on a 2007 six-part RMITV supported series sitcom of the same name broadcast on Channel 31. Twentysomething returned for a second series on 27 June 2013.

A soundtrack was released on 21 October 2011.

RMITV
RMITV is a not-for-profit, community access television production facility based at RMIT University City Campus in Melbourne, Australia. It is a full member of the Melbourne Community Television Consortium, a not-for-profit consortium that operates the community access channel C31 which broadcasts throughout Melbourne and Geelong.
Kinetic Energy Interceptor
The Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) was a planned U.S. missile defense program whose goal was to design, develop, and deploy kinetic energy-based, mobile, ground and sea-launched missiles that could intercept and destroy enemy ballistic missiles during their boost, ascent and midcourse phases of flight.  The KEI consisted of the Interceptor Component (kinetic projectile), the Mobile Launcher Component, and the Command, Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) component.

On 7 May 2009, the KEI program was canceled due primarily to financial reasons.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
Mikhail Semevsky
Mikhail Ivanovich Semevsky (Russian: Михаил Иванович Семевский; 1837–92) was a Russian Imperial amateur historian who focused on the era of palace revolutions, and the history of the 18th century Russia.

Of noble birth, Semevsky received a military education in St. Petersburg and did not retire from civil service until 1882. He assembled the memoirs of no less than 850 individuals, many written on his own request. Semevsky published them through Herzen's Free Russian Press in London, before establishing the Russkaya Starina monthly in 1870.

His younger brother, Vasily Semevsky (1849-1916), was a historian of Narodnik bend. The Russkaya Starina was published under Vasily's auspices until 1877, although the printing press was effectively run by Mikhail, until his death in 1892.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
Jiří Ryba
Jiří Ryba (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪr̝iː ˈrɪba]) (born 15 June 1976 in Tábor) is a former Czech decathlete. His personal best result was 8339 points, achieved in May 2000 in Desenzano del Garda. Ryba is married to pole vaulter Pavla Hamáčková.

Desenzano del Garda
Desenzano del Garda (Brescian: Dezensà) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy, on the southwestern shore of Lake Garda. It borders the communes of Castiglione delle Stiviere, Lonato, Padenghe sul Garda, and Sirmione.
Blitz!
Blitz! is a musical by Lionel Bart. The musical, described by Steven Suskin as "massive", was set in the East End of London during the Blitz (the aerial bombings during World War II). The story drew on Bart's childhood memories of London's Jewish East End during the Blitz and, like most musicals, centred on a romance between a young couple, in this case a Jewish woman and a Cockney man, although the largest role and main point-of-view character is that of Mrs Blitztein, the young woman's mother. Steven Suskin describes it as "Abie's Irish Rose set against the burning of Atlanta." Bart himself described the play as "…three human stories inside an epic canvas; the major human conflict – the major plot – personifies the spirit of London and how that spirit developed during the period of the piece."

Cockney
Cockney is a dialect of the English language mainly spoken in London, particularly by Londoners from working-class and lower-middle-class families. The term Cockney is also used as a demonym for a person from the East End, or, traditionally, born within earshot of Bow Bells.

Estuary English is an intermediate accent between Cockney and Received Pronunciation, also widely spoken in and around London, as well as in wider South East England. In multicultural areas of London, the Cockney dialect is, to an extent, being replaced by Multicultural London English—a new form of speech with significant Cockney influence.
Pezza (surname)
Pezza is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Pezza (born 1952), an Italian fencer

Michele Pezza (1771–1806), an Italian guerrilla leader who resisted the French occupation of Naples

Fra Diavolo
Fra Diavolo (lit. Brother Devil; 7 April 1771–11 November 1806), is the popular name given to Michele Pezza, a guerrilla leader who resisted the French occupation of Naples, proving an "inspirational practitioner of popular insurrection". Pezza figures prominently in folk lore and fiction. He appears in several works of Alexandre Dumas, including The Last Cavalier: Being the Adventures of Count Sainte-hermine in the Age of Napoleon, not published until 2007 and in Washington Irving's short story "The Inn at Terracina".
Acorn Network Computer
The Acorn Network Computer was a network computer (a type of thin client) designed and manufactured by Acorn Computers Ltd. It was the implementation of the Network Computer Reference Profile that Oracle Corporation commissioned Acorn to specify for network computers (for more detail on the history, see Acorn's Network Computer). Sophie Wilson of Acorn led the effort. It was launched in August 1996.

The NCOS operating system used in this first implementation was based on RISC OS and ran on ARM hardware.  Manufacturing obligations were achieved through a contract with Fujitsu subsidiary D2D.

In 1997, Acorn offered its designs at no cost to licensees of RISC OS.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Gavin Edwards (basketball)
Gavin Earl Edwards (born January 15, 1988, in Gilbert, Arizona) is a U.S.-born Japanese professional basketball player for Utsunomiya Brex in Japan. He is also a member of the Japanese men's national basketball team and competed for them in the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo.

Gilbert, Arizona
Gilbert is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Located southeast of Phoenix, Gilbert had a population of 293,630 as of 2023. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in Arizona and is considered a suburb of Phoenix. Gilbert is the most populous incorporated town in the United States and has been described as the “largest town in America.”

Incorporated on July 6, 1920, Gilbert was once known as the "Hay Shipping Capital of the World".
Robert Penner
Robert Clark Penner is an American mathematician whose work in geometry and combinatorics has found applications in high-energy physics and more recently in theoretical biology. He is the son of Sol Penner, an aerospace engineer.

Pseudo-Anosov map
In mathematics, specifically in topology, a pseudo-Anosov map is a type of a diffeomorphism or homeomorphism of a surface. It is a generalization of a linear Anosov diffeomorphism of the torus. Its definition relies on the notion of a measured foliation introduced by William Thurston, who also coined the term "pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism" when he proved his classification of diffeomorphisms of a surface.
Agate Beach, Oregon
Agate Beach is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. Agate Beach is named for the agates that are found on the beaches of the Pacific Ocean between Newport and Yaquina Head. Agate Beach post office was established in 1912 and closed in 1971.

Historically, the area's most famous citizen was composer Ernest Bloch, who spent his later years in the community. The 1914 Ernest Bloch House is on the National Register of Historic Places and was once owned by the son of Asahel Bush and his family.

In June 2012 a 165-ton floating dock dislodged from the March 2011 Japanese tsunami washed up ashore, creating a popular tourist attraction as well as an imperative to remove potential invasive species.

Asahel Bush
Asahel Bush (June 4, 1824 – December 23, 1913) was an American newspaper publisher and businessman in Salem, Oregon. As publisher of the Oregon Statesman newspaper, he moved the paper to Salem when the territorial capital moved to that city. A Massachusetts native, Bush became the first official printer for the state of Oregon, and his estate is now a city park.
Baruna Nusantara F.C.
Baruna Nusantara Banyuwangi Football Club (simply known as Baruna Nusantara or MBU, formerly known as Mitra Bola Utama) is an Indonesian football club based in Banyuwangi, East Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4. In 2011, the club won the Liga Indonesia Third Division and got promoted to the Second Division.

Liga 4 (Indonesia)
Liga 4 (English: League Four) is the fourth-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia. The competition is organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) and the first season started in 2024.
Anders Omholt
Anders Kristian Omholt (27 November 1926 – 30 April 2017) was a Norwegian physicist.

He was born in Aker. He was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1963 to 1971. As researcher he has contributed to the fields of Aurora Borealis and cosmic physics. He had a leading position at the Federation of Norwegian Industries from 1971 to 1977, and was director of the research council Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd from 1978 to 1988. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

He resided at Eiksmarka. He died at the age of 90.

Federation of Norwegian Industries (1919–1989)
The Federation of Norwegian Industries (Norwegian: Norges Industriforbund, NI) was an employers' organisation in Norway. It existed between 1919 and 1989, and was one of the main organisations in the field. In 1989 it became a part of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise through a merger.
Peter Coghlan
Peter Coghlan (born 27 March 1975 in Dublin) is a retired Irish track and field athlete who specialised in the 110 metres hurdles event. He represented his country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, as well as five outdoor and two indoor World Championships.

His personal bests of 13.30 for the 110 metres hurdles and 7.57 for the 60 metres hurdles, both from 1999, are current national records.

He attended Belvedere College secondary school in Dublin at the same time as fellow Olympian Cian O'Connor.

Belvedere College
Belvedere College S.J. is a fee-paying voluntary secondary school for boys in Dublin, Ireland.

Formally established in 1832 at Hardwicke Street in north inner city Dublin, the school was later moved to Belvedere House in 1841 and it is for this building that the school is named. It remains in the same location as of 2026.

The school has numerous notable alumni in the arts, politics, sports, science, business and religion.

Belvedere College also forms the setting for part of James Joyce's semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
Tajzara Lake
Tajzara (pronounced Taxara in English) is a small region and lake on the arid Altiplano of Bolivia, located in the vicinity of Cordillera de Sama Biological Reserve, Yunchará, José María Avilés Province. Tarija Department, near the town of Iscayachi.

Iscayachi
Iscayachi is a sparsely populated town in the Bolivian high valleys, located at the Eustaquio Méndez province Junction, north Tarija, at an elevation of 2,915 meters. The population is reported to be 1,153.

There are different theories about the toponym, one of the most widespread by some is that it derives from quechua: iskaychay, which means "divide in two", supposedly referring to the highway.

Iscayachi has a simple guest house, and birdwatchers find it be a productive location to view the avifauna of the high valleys.  It was formerly served by bus on the main long-distance bus routes between Tarija and western Bolivia before there was built a new mountain crossing road between Tarija in the east and San Lorencito in the west further in the north.

21°28′47″S 64°58′11″W﻿ / ﻿21.4797°S 64.9698°W﻿ / -21.4797; -64.9698
Church Lane Flood Meadow
Church Lane Flood Meadow is a 3.3 hectare Local Nature Reserve in North Weald Bassett in Essex. It is owned and managed by Epping Forest District Council.

The site was created to relieve flooding in the parish, and it is managed for wildlife. A pond and wet grassland have been created, and over 2,500 native deciduous trees have been planted. Plants include ragged robin and marsh cinquefoil, and 16 butterfly and moth species have been recorded, together with 10 dragonflies and 60 birds.

There is access to footpaths on the site by a footpath from the High Road.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
1954 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1954.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.