hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orbital Rashba effect
The orbital Rashba effect refers to the emergence of finite orbital angular momentum (OAM) Bloch states at solid surfaces, driven by the confining electric field that breaks inversion symmetry. The formation of chiral OAM states is the primary energy-lowering mechanism of Rashba states. In turn, chiral spin angular momentum (SAM) arises from these preexisting chiral OAM structures through spin–orbit coupling, linking the orientations of the two angular momenta. Thus, the OAM structure plays the central role in Rashba phenomena, while the spin texture appears as a concomitant effect. The orbital Rashba effect has been observed on the surfaces of a wide range of materials, including Au, Bi, Sb, Al, and the topological insulator Bi2Se3.

Bismuth selenide
Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is a gray compound of bismuth and selenium also known as bismuth(III) selenide.

Its crystal structure is found to have the space group R3m (No.166) with lattice parameters a = 4.143 Å and c = 28.636 Å.
NGC 7332
NGC 7332 is an edge-on peculiar lenticular galaxy located about 67 million light-years away in the constellation Pegasus.  It possesses a (peanut shell)-shaped bulge, associated with stellar bar. It was discovered on September 19, 1784 by the astronomer William Herschel.

NGC 7332 and NGC 7339 form a dynamically isolated binary system (number 570 in the catalog of double galaxies compiled by Igor Karachentsev), and are likely orbiting each other.  NGC 7332 is the brighter of the two galaxies.

In the sky NGC 7339 lies 5' away from NGC 7332. NGC 7332 is an unusually blue object with a corrected apparent B-magnitude of 11.5. A 130mm to 200mm telescope will be needed to visually detect this pair of galaxies.  The two galaxies will appear at almost a right angle to one another.

Peculiar galaxy
A peculiar galaxy is a galaxy of unusual size, shape, or composition. Between five and ten percent of known galaxies are categorized as peculiar. Astronomers have identified two types of peculiar galaxies: interacting galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN).

When two galaxies come close to each other, their mutual gravitational forces can cause them to acquire highly irregular shapes. The terms 'peculiar galaxy' and 'interacting galaxy' have now become synonymous because the majority of peculiar galaxies attribute their forms to such gravitational forces.
IMCS
IMCS can refer to any of the following:

Pax Romana, also known as the International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS).

The Institute for Media Management and Communication Studies, a reputed media institute in New Delhi is a study centre of the Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism

The Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, an oceanographic institute located at Rutgers University in New Jersey

International Mornington Crescent Society, the rulemaking body of Mornington Crescent, a game

The International Membrane Computing Society, the organization whose objective is to promote the development of membrane computing.

Pax Romana (organization)
Pax Romana is an international lay Catholic movement. It combines the representation of two movements with similar interests and goals, the International Catholic Movement for Intellectual and Cultural Affairs (ICMICA or ICMICA/MIIC) and the International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS or IMCS/MIEC). These two groups operate independently, but share the common name of Pax Romana in representation at the United Nations and UNESCO.

Pax Romana has many focuses, some of which are human rights, democracy, education, eradication of poverty, sustainable development, and inter-cultural/inter-religious dialogue. Each of these focuses is approached from the perspective of Catholic social teaching with the goal of promoting peace, in service of the common good.
Lebanese Resistance Brigades
The Lebanese Resistance Companies (Arabic: سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية; Saraya al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniya), commonly referred to as the Lebanese Resistance Brigades is a non-denominational Lebanese paramilitary group affiliated with Hezbollah. The group is an irregular militia that is composed of Shia and Sunni Muslims, Christians, and Druze who subscribe to Lebanese nationalism and strong anti-Zionist beliefs. The Resistance Companies are funded, trained, armed, and founded by Hezbollah. The group's manpower, composition, and strength are unclear.

The group was founded in 1997 to counter Israel, but its focus has since expanded to countering Sunni extremists like ISIL as well.

Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.

The term has been used in the context of various faiths, including Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Unitarian Universalism, Neo-Paganism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Wicca. It stands in contrast with a religious denomination. Religious people of a non-denominational persuasion tend to be more open-minded in their views on various religious matters and rulings. Some converts towards non-denominational strains of thought have been influenced by disputes over traditional teachings in the previous institutions they attended. Nondenominationalism has also been used as a tool for introducing neutrality into a public square when the local populace is derived from a wide-ranging set of religious beliefs.
Eochu Uairches
Eochu (or Eochaid) Uairches, son of Lugaid Íardonn, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. After Lugaid was overthrown and killed by Sírlám, Eochu was driven into exile overseas, but he returned after twelve years, killed Sírlám with an arrow, and took the throne. His epithet is obscure: the Lebor Gabála Érenn says he gained it because of his exile, while Geoffrey Keating explains it as meaning "bare canoes", because he had canoes for a fleet, in which he and his followers used to plunder neighbouring countries. He ruled for twelve years, before he was killed by Eochu Fíadmuine and Conaing Bececlach. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 633–621 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 856–844 BC.

Artaxerxes I
Artaxerxes I was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from August 465 to December 424 BC. He was the third son of Xerxes I.

In Greek sources he is also surnamed "Long-handed" (Ancient Greek: μακρόχειρ Makrókheir; Latin: Longimanus), allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left.

Josephus and several ancient traditions identify him as King Ahasuerus, from the Book of Esther.
1942 Wairarapa earthquakes
Two 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes shook the lower North Island of New Zealand on 24 June and 2 August. They were large and shallow with epicentres close together east of Masterton in the Wairarapa region. The June earthquake was sometimes referred to as the Masterton earthquake but both caused damage over a wide area, from Dannevirke and Eketāhuna over to Whanganui and down to Ōtaki and Wellington. There was one death in Wellington, on 24 June.

The August earthquake can be regarded as an aftershock of the June earthquake. Both earthquakes were preceded by smaller foreshocks. As the second quake was slightly less in magnitude than the first, they were not an earthquake doublet where the second quake is slightly larger. The August earthquake was considerably deeper (40 km, not 12 km), though another source gives the depths as 43 km and 15 km. There was another large aftershock on 2 December and one in February 1943.

Ōtaki, New Zealand
Ōtaki is a town in the Kāpiti Coast District of the North Island of New Zealand, situated halfway between the capital city Wellington, 70 km (43 mi) to the southwest, and Palmerston North, 70 km (43 mi) to the northeast.

Ōtaki is located on New Zealand State Highway 1 and the North Island Main Trunk railway between Wellington and Auckland and marks the northernmost point of the Wellington Region.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of sticking a staff into the ground" for Ōtaki.
The Telephone Call
"The Telephone Call" (German: "Der Telefon-Anruf") is a song by the German electronic band Kraftwerk. It was released in 1987 as the second and final single from their ninth studio album, Electric Café (1986). The single was their second number-one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and stayed two weeks at the number-one spot. It is the only Kraftwerk song to feature Karl Bartos on vocals. The versions from the single were remixed by François Kevorkian and Ron Saint Germain.

Electric Café
Electric Café is the ninth studio album by German electronic band Kraftwerk, released on 27 October 1986. The initial 1986 release came in versions sung in English and German, as well as a limited Edición Española release, featuring versions of "Techno Pop" and "Sex Object" with only Spanish lyrics. It was the first Kraftwerk LP to be created using predominantly digital musical instruments, although the finished product was still recorded onto analog master tapes.

On 2 October 2009, the album was remastered and re-released under its original working title, Techno Pop.
The Incredible True Story
The Incredible True Story is the second studio album by American rapper Logic. It was released on November 13, 2015, by Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings. The album features production by Logic, executive producer 6ix, Stefan Ponce, Sir Dylan, Syk Sense, Oz, and DJ Dahi. The album also features guest appearances from Big Lenbo, Lucy Rose, Dria, and Jesse Boykins III.

The Incredible True Story was supported by three singles: "Young Jesus", "Like Woah", and "Fade Away". The album received positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. It debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, earning 135,000 album-equivalent units in its first week. It also reached number one on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in June 2021.

Visionary Music Group
Visionary Music Group (formerly known as Visionary Records) is an American independent record label and management company, founded in 2011 by Chris Zarou. The label is best known for having signed rapper Logic prior to his mainstream breakthrough; other notable signees include Jon Bellion, Quinn XCII, Chelsea Cutler, Jeremy Zucker, Ayokay, Tayyib Ali (their very first signee), and record producer 6ix.
Model photosphere
The photosphere denotes those solar or stellar surface layers from which optical radiation escapes.  These stellar outer layers can be modeled by different computer programs. Often, calculated models are used, together with other programs, to calculate synthetic spectra for stars.  For example, in varying the assumed abundance of a chemical element, and comparing the synthetic spectra to observed ones, the abundance of that element in that particular star can be determined.
As computers have evolved, the complexity of the models has deepened, becoming more realistic in including more physical data and excluding more of the simplifying assumptions. This evolution of the models has also made them applicable to different kinds of stars.

Optical radiation
Optical radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 100 nm and 1 mm. This range includes visible light, infrared light, and part of the ultraviolet spectrum. Optical radiation is non-ionizing, and can be focused with lenses and manipulated by other optical elements. Optics is the study of how to manipulate optical radiation.
Milford Parkway (Connecticut)
The Milford Parkway, officially the Daniel S. Wasson Connector, is a controlled-access parkway between I-95 and U.S. Route 1 and the Merritt and Wilbur Cross Parkways (Route 15) in Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut. The highway is officially designated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation as State Road 796 (SR 796) but is not signed as such. As a designated scenic road, the Milford Parkway is closed to commercial vehicles.

In 2012, the Milford Parkway had an average daily traffic count of 58,800 vehicles in the northbound direction.

Parkway
A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded.

Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both.

The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes.
Famous 5: On the Case
Famous 5: On the Case (French: Le Club des cinq : Nouvelles Enquêtes) is an animated television series loosely based on the Famous Five series of novels by Enid Blyton. The series is a British-French co-production between Chorion Rights Limited, Marathon Media and France 3, in association with Disney Channel and Super RTL. The series was developed for television by Douglas Tuber and Tim Maile, the writers of the former Disney Channel series Lizzie McGuire.

Chorion Limited
Chorion Limited was a multinational media production company with offices in London, New York, and Sydney. The company produced TV shows and feature films, and was best known for its portfolio of entertainment brands. These included children's characters such as Paddington Bear, Peter Rabbit, Mr. Men, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Olivia, Gaspard and Lisa and Noddy. The company also owned the rights to the Agatha Christie Estate (including the Miss Marple and Poirot characters), Raymond Chandler, and Georges Simenon.

Chorion existed initially as a diversified entertainment company, with a portfolio of Intellectual Property (IP) rights, live entertainment venues and commercial real estate. From 2002 onwards, the business was refocused towards heritage IP Rights management and media production.
Fuscoptilia emarginatus
Fuscoptilia emarginatus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu islands of Japan, the Kuril Islands, Korea, China and Amur. It is also known from Mongolia.

The length of the forewings is 8–12 mm.

The larvae feed on Lespedeza bicolor and Lespedeza cuneata. The adult appears from May to September.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Mary Geddes
Annabella Mary Geddes (19 May 1864–5 December 1955) was a New Zealand businesswoman, welfare worker and community leader. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngā Puhi iwi. She was born in Mangungu, Northland, New Zealand, on 19 May 1864.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Newstead Farm
Newstead Farm is a thoroughbred horse breeding farm near Upperville, Virginia founded in 1936 by Taylor Hardin. Following Hardin's death in 1976, the farm was operated by a trust that included his son, Mark. The property was eventually sold to Bertram and Diana Firestone.

In July 2018 the Firestone family placed the estate on 353 acres up for sale with a price of $13,500,000 Per Bertram "... time marches on and we have slowed down our various pursuits. We feel it is time to turn the reins over to a new owner that will be able to use and enjoy the farm to its fullest capacity." The farm sold for $9.5 million in March 2020.

Stud farm
A stud farm or stud in animal husbandry is an establishment for selective breeding of livestock. The word "stud" comes from the Old English stod meaning "herd of horses, place where horses are kept for breeding". Historically, documentation of the breedings that occur on a stud farm leads to the development of a stud book.  Male animals made available for breeding to outside female animals are said to be "standing at stud", or at "stud service".

The word stud is often restricted to larger domesticated (especially farm) animals, such as cattle and horses.  A specialized vocabulary exists for the studs of other animals, such as kennel (dog), cattery (cat) and aviary (birds).
Pilato (rapper)
Fumba Chama (born 6 April 1984), known professionally as Pilato, is a Zambian hip hop recording artist from Ndola. The name Pilato written as pilAto is an acronym for People in Lyrical Arena Taking Over. Born and raised in the Copperbelt province, pilAto commenced his career as a poet at the age of 10, before formally moving into the music industry in 2010, when poetry became his music. Pilato has released three studio albums.

Ndola
Ndola is the third largest city in Zambia in terms of size and population, with a population of 627,503 (2022 census), after the capital, Lusaka, and Kitwe, and the second largest in terms of infrastructure development after Lusaka. It is the industrial and commercial center of the Copperbelt, Zambia's copper-mining region, and capital of Copperbelt Province. It lies just 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the border with DR Congo. It is also home to Zambia's first modern stadium, the Levy Mwanawasa Stadium.
Sharbat (drink)
Sharbat (Persian: شربت, pronounced [ʃæɾˈbæt]; also transliterated or written as shorbot, šerbet, şerbet or sherbet) is a drink prepared from fruit or flower petals. It is a sweet cordial, and usually served chilled. It can be served in concentrated form and eaten with a spoon or diluted with water to create the drink.

Popular sharbats are made of one or more of the following: basil seeds, rose water, fresh rose petals, sandalwood, bael, hibiscus, lemon, orange, mango, pineapple, grape, falsa (Grewia asiatica) and chia seeds.

Sharbat is common in homes of Iran, Armenia, Turkey, Bosnia, Arab world, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. It is also popular with Muslims when breaking their daily fasts during the month of Ramadan.

Rose water
Rose water or rosewater is a flavoured water created by steeping rose petals in water. It is typically made as a by-product during the distillation of rose petals to create rose oil for perfumes. Rose water is widely utilized to flavour culinary dishes and enhance cosmetic products, and it is significant in religious rituals throughout Eurasia. Iran is a major producer, supplying around 90% of the world's rose water demand.

Central Iran is home to the annual Golabgiri festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater.
2010–11 Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils basketball team
The 2010–11 Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils basketball team represented Mississippi Valley State University during the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Delta Devils, led by third-year head coach Sean Woods, played their home games at Harrison HPER Complex as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. The Delta Devils finished the season 13–19 overall and 12–6 in SWAC conference play. They lost 62–65 in the first round of the SWAC Basketball tournament to Grambling State.

2011 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2011 SWAC men's basketball tournament took place March 9–12 at the Garland Special Events Center in Garland, Texas. The top eight teams in the conference standings qualified for the tournament.  Alabama State, the winner of the tournament, received the Southwestern Athletic Conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA tournament. The tournament's championship game was televised on ESPNU.
Fortunate Atubiga
Fortunate Atubiga (born 27 July 1950) is a Ghanaian politician. He was member of the First and Second Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Binduri Constituency in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Binduri (Ghana parliament constituency)
Binduri is a constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one member of parliament (MP) by the first past the post system. Mahmoud Issifu is the member of parliament for the constituency. Binduri was part of in the Bawku Municipal District of the Upper East Region of Ghana but has since June 2012 become a full district.
Kosta Hakim
Kosta Hakim (born 17 April 1917, date of death unknown) was an Egyptian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Alexandria.

In the Olympic Games, he lost to Carlos Lillo in the second round of the lightweight class. Hakim is deceased.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Lightweight
The men's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 135 pounds (61.2 kilograms). The competition was held from Tuesday, August 11, 1936 to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-six boxers from 26 nations competed.
The Red Skelton Show
The Red Skelton Show is an American television comedy/variety show that aired from 1951 to 1971. In the decade prior to hosting the show, Richard "Red" Skelton had a successful career as a radio and motion pictures star. Although his television series is largely associated with CBS, where it appeared for more than sixteen  years, it actually began and ended on NBC. During its run, the program received three Emmy Awards, for Skelton as best comedian and the program as best comedy show during its initial season, and an award for comedy writing in 1961. In 1959 Skelton also received a Golden Globe Award for Best TV Show.

Blackout gag
A blackout gag is a kind of joke in broad, rapid-fire slapstick comedy. The term is derived from burlesque and vaudeville, when the lights were quickly turned off after the punchline of a joke to accentuate it and encourage audience laughter. It may use a shock value to define the joke, and may not be initially noticeable to all viewers if it is a very fast joke.

"A blackout gag and a moment's silence provide the transition to the next scene"

It is distinguished from an iris shot, frequently used in the silent film era, where a black circle closes to end a scene.

The term blackout gag can also apply to fast-paced television or film comedy, such as Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, where there may not literally be a blackout, but a quick cut to the next gag.
José Reis Pereira
José Reis Pereira (10 December 1943 – 25 January 2023) was a Brazilian teacher and politician. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, he served in the Legislative Assembly of Piauí from 1987 to 1991.

Pereira died on 25 January 2023, at the age of 79.

Legislative Assembly of Piauí
The Legislative Assembly of Piauí (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Piauí) is the unicameral legislature of the Brazilian state of Piauí. The assembly, which is seated in the state capital of Teresina, is composed of has 30 state deputies elected by proportional representation.