hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duke Leopold
Duke Leopold may be

Leopold IV, Duke of Bavaria  (d. 1141)

Leopold, Duke of Austria
Leopold V, Duke of Austria (d. 1194)
Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (d. 1230)
Leopold I, Duke of Austria of Habsburg (d. 1326)
Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. 1386)
Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1411)
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (d. 1662)
Leopold V, Archduke of Austria (d. 1632)

Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (=Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor)

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1729)

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1817)

Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1852)

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1869)

Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870)

Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt (d. 1871)

Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (d. 1884)

Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
Leopold IV Frederick, Duke of Anhalt (1 October 1794 – 22 May 1871) was a German prince of the House of Ascania.

From 1817 until 1853, he was ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau and, from 1847 until 1853, also ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen. From 1853 until 1863, he was the ruler of the joined duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen and from 1863, the first ruler of the united duchy of Anhalt.
Canton of Fauquembergues
The Canton of Fauquembergues is a former canton situated in the Pas-de-Calais département and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 18 communes, which joined the canton of Fruges in 2015. It had a total of 9,931 inhabitants (2012).

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
John Sutherland Whitewright
John Sutherland Whitewright (Chinese: 怀恩光; pinyin: Huái Ēnguāng, 5 September 1858 in Edinburgh – 10 January 1926 in Tianjin) was a British Baptist missionary to China in the late 19th and early 20th century. He arrived in the city of Qingzhou, Shandong province in 1880 or in 1881. In 1886, he started a theological college in Qingzhou that would later develop into Gotch-Robinson Theological College.  He directed the college with the assistance of Alfred G. Jones and J. Percy Bruce. In 1887, he established the Yidu Museum (named after the former Yidu County) in Qingzhou. In 1904, he moved with the museum to Jinan, where the museum became the Guangzhi Yuan. In 1917, he taught at the divinity school of Cheeloo University. His museum became a forerunner of the Shandong Provincial Museum.

Alfred G. Jones
Alfred George Jones (Chinese: 仲鈞安; pinyin: Zhòng Jūn'ān, 23 July 1846 - 17 July 1905) was an Irish baptist missionary to China. Jones had his own business in his native town of New Ross, Ireland, but left it in the hands of a manager in order to go on his mission to China. He attended Lancashire Independent College, a dissenting academy from 1874 to 1876 and arrived in Yantai, Shandong in 1876. In the following year, he went to Qingzhou to assist Timothy Richard by keeping the accounts for an ongoing relief effort for the victims of the Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879. He continued to reside in Qingzhou with the exception of the period from 1889 to 1896, during which he lived in Zouping. He died when a temple building on Taishan, Tai'an in which he was sleeping collapsed during a storm.
Nash Chambers
Nash Chambers (born 8 May 1974, Mount Gambier) is an Australian record producer, talent manager, audio engineer and multi-instrumentalist. He is a former member of the family country music group, Dead Ringer Band (1986–98), with his father Bill, mother Diane, and younger sister Kasey Chambers.

Chambers works from his own Foggy Mountain Studios in the Hunter Valley. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2007 he was nominated for Producer of the Year for Kasey's album Carnival (August 2006). He has won Golden Guitars for Producer of the Year and for Engineer of the Year.

The Captain (album)
The Captain is the solo debut album of Australian country music singer Kasey Chambers. It was released on 17 May 1999 in Australia, and on 5 June 2000 in the US. The Captain won the 1999 ARIA Music Award for Best Country Album. Prior to releasing this album, Chambers had performed more than a decade with her family's Dead Ringer Band, a popular Australian country music group.

The album has been certified 3× platinum in Australia.
Biathlon World Championships 2024 – Women's individual
The Women's individual competition at the Biathlon World Championships 2024 was held on 13 February 2024.

Hanna Öberg was the defending champion but she did not defend her title, finishing the competition in 16th place.

Lisa Vittozzi from Italy became the new world champion after winning her first individual gold medal. Janina Hettich-Walz from Germany took silver, winning her first individual world championship medal. The bronze was won by Julia Simon from France, who had won gold medals in all previous competitions at this world championship.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
Tarxien
Tarxien (Maltese: Ħal Tarxien [ˈħɐl tɐrˈʃɪːn]) is a town in the Port region of Malta, seat of the Port Regional Council. Its population stood at 8,583 in March 2014.

The town is most notable for the Tarxien Temples, a megalithic temple complex which is among the oldest freestanding structures on Earth. It forms part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Volodymyr Khoma
Volodymyr Khoma (Ukrainian: Володимир Іванович Хома; 2 February 1930 – 6 March 2005) was a Ukrainian educator, local historian, literary critic, folklorist, writer. Corresponding member of the Rylsky Institute of Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology, member of the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine (1992), the All-Ukrainian Union of Local History (1992), the Geographical Union of the Ukrainian SSR (1969); honorary member of the All-Ukrainian Union "Prosvita" (1998).

Corresponding member
The corresponding member is one of the possible membership types in some organizations, especially in the learned societies and scientific academies.

This title existed or exists in the Soviet Union, GDR, Polish People's Republic, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, France, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Russia.
Stephen Deutsch
Stephen Deutsch (July 17, 1945) is a filmmaker, professor, and film score composer who has composed over 30 scores for film, theatre, radio, and television. His many collaborations with the playwright Peter Barnes include Jubilee (2001), the Olivier Award-winning play Red Noses (1985) and the feature film Hard Times (1994).

Peter Barnes (playwright)
Peter Barnes (10 January 1931 – 1 July 2004) was an English Olivier Award-winning playwright and screenwriter. His best known work is the play The Ruling Class, which was made into a 1972 film for which Peter O'Toole received an Oscar nomination.
Harleigh Cemetery
Harleigh Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located in Camden, New Jersey, and established in 1885. The Camden County Veterans Cemetery was established in it in 2007. The cemetery covers over 130 acres (0.53 km2) of lush mature grounds on the Cooper River. The cemetery was listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on 1995 (as ID #2829).

New Jersey's 1st congressional district
New Jersey's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district, which includes Camden and South Jersey suburbs, has been represented by Democrat Donald Norcross since November 2014. It is among the most reliably Democratic districts in New Jersey, as it is mainly made up of Democratic-dominated Camden County.
Pritam & Eames
Pritam & Eames is an art gallery associated with the American Studio Furniture movement which was established in 1981 by Bebe Pritam Johnson and Warren Eames Johnson in East Hampton, New York.

In 1990 to 1991, the gallery partners interviewed 14 of the artists who were early and continuing contributors to the gallery, which included:

These conversations were turned into a 2013 book, Speaking of Furniture: Conversations with 14 American Masters. In 2014, Bebe and Warren Johnson received the Award of Distinction from The Furniture Society. In the spring of 2015, Pritam & Eames re-located its exhibition space to The Gallery at Somes Sound on Mount Desert Island, Maine.

Somes Sound
Somes Sound is a fjard
running deep into Mount Desert Island, the main site of Acadia National Park in Maine, United States. Its deepest point is approximately 175 feet (50 m), and it is over 100 feet (30 m) deep in several places. The sound almost splits the island in two.

While often described as the "only fjord on the East Coast", it lacks the extreme vertical relief and anoxic sediments associated with Norwegian fjords, and is now called a fjard by officials — a smaller drowned glacial embayment.

Somes Sound was named for Abraham Somes, who was one of the first settlers on the island and had a home at the end of the sound in Somesville, the first village on the island.
Duriatitan
Duriatitan is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic in what is now England. The holotype specimen of Duriatitan, BMNH 44635, is a partial left upper arm bone which was found by R.I. Smith near Sandsfoot, Weymouth in the lower Kimmeridge Clay from Dorset. The type species, D. humerocristatus, was described in 1874 by John Hulke as a species of Cetiosaurus and was noted as being similar to that of Gigantosaurus. The specific name refers to the deltopectoral crest, crista, on the upper arm bone, humerus. The specimen was assigned to its own genus by Paul M. Barrett, Roger B.J. Benson and Paul Upchurch in 2010. The generic name is derived from the Latin name for Dorset, Duria, and Greek Titan. Thomas Holtz estimated its length at 25 meters (82 ft).

Gigantosaurus megalonyx was once synonymised with Duriatitan while D. humerocristatus was still a species of Ornithopsis.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Pop out cake
A pop out cake, popout cake, jump out cake, or surprise cake is a large object made to serve as a surprise for a celebratory occasion. Externally, such a construction appears to be an oversized cake, and sometimes actually is, at least in part. However, the construction is usually cardboard. The inside of the object has a space for someone, typically a woman, to crouch and hide until the moment of surprise, when she then stands up and comes out of the cake.

Surprise (emotion)
Surprise (sə(r)ˈprīzⓘ) is a rapid, fleeting mental and physiological state. It is related to the startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event.

Surprise can have any valence. That is, it can be pleasant/positive, unpleasant/negative, or neutral/moderate. Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very surprised, which may induce the fight-or-flight response, or slightly surprised, which elicits a less intense response to the stimulus.

Surprise is included as a primary or basic emotion in the taxonomies of Carroll Izard and Paul Ekman. According to these perspectives, surprise is evolutionarily adaptive, and also innate and universal across human cultures.
Kim Yeo-oul
Kim Yeo-oul (also Kim Yeo-ul, Korean: 김여울; born June 24, 1987) is a South Korean sport shooter. Kim represented South Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's 10 m air rifle, along with her teammate Kim Chan-mi. She finished only in thirteenth place by one point ahead of Norway's Kristina Vestveit from the second attempt, for a total score of 395 targets.

Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air rifle
The Women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 9 at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall. It was the first medal awarded at the 2008 Olympic Games. Kateřina Emmons, who won a bronze medal in Athens four years earlier (then known by her maiden name Kůrková), now went all the way to a gold medal, after becoming the first shooter ever to achieve maximum qualification score (400) in an Olympic air rifle competition.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 40 shots with an air rifle at 10 metres distance from the standing position. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 50 shots was used to determine final ranking.
Human rights reports on the 2011 Bahraini uprising
Many human rights reports were published about the Bahraini uprising of 2011, a campaign of protests, and civil disobedience in the Persian Gulf state of Bahrain that is considered part of the revolutionary wave of protests dubbed the Arab Spring. At least 14 human rights reports were issued by 18 different parties: Amnesty International, International Crisis Group, Doctors Without Borders, Physicians for Human Rights, Human Rights First, Independent Irish figures, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Without Frontiers, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights, Bahrain Human Rights Society, Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, Front Line Defenders, Gulf Centre for Human Rights, Index on Censorship, International Media Support and the Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC) of PEN International.

Gulf Centre for Human Rights
The Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR; Arabic: مركز الخليج لحقوق الإنسان, romanized: Markaz al-Khalīj li-Ḥuqūq al-Insān) is an independent non-profit charity that defends human rights among Middle Eastern states including, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen, UAE, Oman, Iran, Qatar, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, and Lebanon.

The GCHR is funded by the Sigrid Rausing Trust. Its vision is "To develop and protect a sustainable network of human rights defenders in the Gulf region." They are based in Lebanon.

The organisation was co-founded by Khalid Ibrahim along with Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja and Nabeel Rajab, Bahraini activists who have both been jailed in Bahrain. Bahraini activist Maryam Al-Khawaja is a co-director of the organisation.

In June 2021, the organisation filled a complaint in France against UAE's official candidate for Interpol's presidency, Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi. The organisation accuses him of being responsible for “torture and barbaric acts” against UAE dissident Ahmed Mansoor.
Tetylkivtsi, Ternopil Oblast
Tetylkivtsi (Ukrainian: Тетильківці) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Volkameria
Volkameria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution. Many of the species are found in coastal habitats.

The species of Volkameria are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes. The flowers are usually fragrant. The fruit matures black or brown, separating into four corky pyrenes.

Volkameria aculeata and Volkameria glabra are grown as ornamentals in the tropics. Volkameria heterophylla is also known in cultivation. Volkameria inermis is planted as a sand binder.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Tom Jones (footballer, born 1916)
Thomas Jones (1916 – date of death unknown) was an English footballer who played as a central defender for Accrington Stanley and Oldham Athletic, and guested for Rochdale during World War II. He was born in Little Hulton.  His career came to an end in 1945 when he lost both feet to a land mine after the D-Day Landings.

Little Hulton
Little Hulton is a suburb in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, 3.4 miles (5.5 km) south of Bolton, 7 miles (11.3 km) northwest of Salford, and 9 miles (14.5 km) northwest of Manchester. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Little Hulton is bordered by Farnworth to the north, Walkden to the east and Tyldesley to the south.

In 2014, it had a population of 13,469.
ACAMPs
Apoptotic-cell associated molecular patterns (ACAMPs) are molecular markers present on cells which are going through apoptosis, i.e. programmed cell death (similarly, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are markers of invading pathogens and Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are markers of damaged tissue). The term was used for the first time by C. D. Gregory in 2000. Recognition of these patterns by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of phagocytes then leads to phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell. These patterns include eat-me signals on the apoptotic cells, loss of don't-eat-me signals on viable cells and come-get-me signals (also find-me signals)) secreted by the apoptotic cells in order to attract phagocytes (mostly macrophages and immature dendritic cells). Thanks to these markers, apoptotic cells, unlike necrotic cells, do not trigger the unwanted immune response.

GAS6
Growth arrest – specific 6, also known as GAS6, is both a human gene and the protein it codes for. It is similar to the Protein S with the same domain organization and 43% amino acid identity. It was originally found as a gene upregulated by growth arrested fibroblasts.
South Central Library System
The South Central Library System (SCLS) is a consortium of 53 public libraries in 7 Wisconsin counties: Adams, Columbia, Dane, Green, Portage, Sauk, and Wood.

The mission of the South Central Library System is " to help its member libraries provide the best possible service to the public."

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Brookfield, Preston
Brookfield is an electoral ward of the city of Preston, in Lancashire, England. It is located north-east of the city centre, in the suburb of Ribbleton. At the 2001 census the ward had a population of 7,625, reducing to 7,301 at the 2011 Census. The area is represented on the city council by three Labour councillors. The area forms part of the Preston East division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one Labour councillor.

The area is mainly residential, and the majority of homes are privately owned although there is also a large council estate. The ward also contains a modern business park, which includes the head office of Booths, a regional chain of supermarkets. This is close to junction 31A on the M6 motorway.

City of Preston, Lancashire
The City of Preston, or simply Preston (/ˈprɛstən/ ⓘ), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Ribble and has a population of 162,864 (2024). The neighbouring districts are Ribble Valley, South Ribble, Fylde and Wyre.

The district is named after its largest settlement, Preston, which lies in the south of the district. The district also includes rural areas to the north of the main urban area, including part of the Forest of Bowland, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 2002 the district was granted city status to mark the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II; prior to this it was known as the Borough of Preston, having held borough status since its creation in 1974.