hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saarschleife
The Saarschleife, also known as the Great Bend in the Saar at Mettlach, is a water gap carved by the Saar River through a quartzite layer and today one of the most well-known tourist attractions of the Saarland.

Water gap
A water gap is a gap that flowing water has carved through a mountain range or mountain ridge and that still carries water today. Such gaps that no longer carry water currents are called wind gaps. Water gaps and wind gaps often offer a practical route for road and rail transport to cross the mountain barrier.
Dohmen
Dohmen is a surname. Notable people by that name include:

Albert Dohmen (born 1956), German operatic bass-baritone

Arnold Dohmen (1906–1980), German bacteriologist, physician in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp

Bejo Dohmen (born 1984), German actor

John-John Dohmen (born 1988), Belgian hockey player

Peter Dohmen (1904–1977), German stained glass artist

Rolf Dohmen (born 1952), German football coach

Peter Dohmen
Peter W. Dohmen (1904–1977) was a well-known and highly accomplished German liturgical artist who migrated to the United States with his family after the Second World War. In pre-war Germany, he had won numerous competitions for large frescoes, up  to 10 stories high, and art works for public buildings. When he refused several times invitations to become a member of the Nazi party, which recruited accomplished people, he was put on the "black list" and no longer qualified for governmental contracts.

After the war, he decided to leave Germany for the USA, saying that Europe would always be at war. He and the family were on one of the first trains from Cologne to Hamburg, to the American Embassy to apply for immigration for the family. The visas were finally granted after a five-year wait.
Säuling
Säuling (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔʏlɪŋ]) or Saulingspitze is a twin-peak mountain in the German Allgäu, though part of the mountain is in Austria. The two summits have heights of 2,047 metres (6,716 ft) and 2,038 metres (6,686 ft). It is located near the town of Füssen and the castle Neuschwanstein.

Double summit
A double summit, double peak, twin summit, or twin peak is a mountain or hill that has two summits, separated by a col or saddle.

One well-known double summit is Austria's highest mountain, the Großglockner, where the main summit of the Großglockner is separated from that of the Kleinglockner by the Glocknerscharte col in the area of a geological fault. Other double summits have resulted from geological folding. For example, on Mont Withrow in British Columbia, resistant sandstones form the limbs of the double summit, whilst the softer rock in the core of the fold was eroded.

Triple peaks occur more rarely; one example is the Rosengartenspitze in the Dolomites. The Illimani in Bolivia is an example of a rare quadruple summit.
Iranian Architecture Documentary
The Iranian Architecture documentary (Persian: مستند معماری ایرانی) was produced and directed by Hamid Soheili  Mozaffar (fa) between 1983 and 1992, following numerous journeys across different regions of Iran. It was created under the Culture, Literature, and Art department of Channel One of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

After the initial broadcast of the documentary series, it received widespread acclaim, leading to a re-airing of its early episodes. A televised panel discussion was also held with experts in the field to analyze the impact of the documentary on audiences and explore the characteristics of Iranian architecture.

This documentary is preserved in the central archives of IRIB and was inscribed on Iran’s National Memory of the World Register (fa) in 2018 for nomination to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme. This UNESCO initiative, established in 1992, aims to raise awareness about the risks facing the world's documentary heritage.

IRIB TV1
IRIB TV1 (Persian: شبکه یک, romanized: Shabakeh-ye Yek, lit. 'Channel One') is one of the 40 national television stations in Iran.

IRIB TV1 was the first national television station in Iran, and is now the oldest Iranian television station having been established in 1958. The channel is referred to by some as the National Channel, as most of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting's television budget is set aside for this station.

The station has a wide range of programming such as drama series, television premieres of major Iranian movies, and talk shows. Children's shows also air in reruns, but most of them air first-run on IRIB TV2's youth programming block. The station also has the most watched Iranian news broadcast and televises the Friday prayers. The station televised major sporting events until IRIB TV3 attained the rights for those broadcasts, as well as numerous viewers.

This station has been subjected to human rights abuses by airing forced confessions on live television.
Petseling Monastery
Petseling Monastery (Tibetan: པད་ཚལ་གླིང, THL: Padtselling) is a Buddhist monastery (gompa) located near Jakar in the Bumthang District of Bhutan. The monastery was established in 1769 (1769) under the patronage of the Penlop of Trongsa and the dzongpen (governor) of Jakar. It is built in the traditional dzong style and serves as an important center for the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language.

It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks.

THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia.
President for life
President for life is a title assumed by or granted to some presidents to extend their tenure up until their death or retirement. The title sometimes confers on the holder the right to nominate or appoint a successor. The term is often used by political leaders that aspire to legitimize their absolute power.

Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
Taanah, Syria
Taanah (Arabic: طعانة, romanized: Ţa‘ānah), alternatively spelled Tana, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Situated in the Aqil mountains, some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the Shahba reservoir, it is located about halfway between Akhtarin and the northern outskirts of the city of Aleppo.

Administratively the village belongs to Nahiya Akhtarin in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Ablah 6 km (3.7 mi) to the north and Fafin 6 km (3.7 mi) to the southwest. In the 2004 census, Taanah had a population of 1,062.

Azaz District
Azaz District (Arabic: منطقة أعزاز, romanized: manṭiqat A'zāz) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Azaz. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 251,769.

The district lies between Afrin District to the west, Mount Simeon District to the south and al-Bab District to the east. To the north is the Kilis Province of Turkey.
Monbrunn
Monbrunn is a small village in Lower Franconia in the north of Bavaria in Germany.

It has approximately 70 inhabitants. In 2007 it was chosen as one of the most beautiful villages in Bavaria. Monbrunn is a Stadtteil of Miltenberg.

The village is located in a pastoral setting on top of a hill of the Mittelgebirge Odenwald.

The surrounding area has agricultural activities.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Cunswick Scar
Cunswick Scar is a limestone scar (cliff or steep rock face) in the Lake District, England. There are extensive views from the large cairn at the top (207 metres (679 ft)). The scar is listed in the Scout Scar chapter of Wainwright's The Outlying Fells of Lakeland.

Fossils can be found in the limestone on the scar and Cunswick Fell. The area is also of interest for its flora and fauna: Scout Scar and Cunswick Scar have been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
The British Schools of Montevideo
The British Schools of Montevideo is a private, coeducational, non-profit school, founded in 1908 and based in the capital of Uruguay. It offers a bilingual education, combining the Uruguayan national curriculum with an English-language program.

Education in Uruguay
Education in Uruguay is mandatory for a total of fourteen years, which includes two years of pre-primary education, six years of primary education, and six years of secondary education. It begins at the preschool level and is provided free of charge from pre-primary through university. In 1996, Uruguay had a gross primary enrollment rate of 111.7% and a net primary enrollment rate of 92.9%. "Data on primary school attendance rates in Uruguay were not available as of 2001.
NGC 5634
NGC 5634 is a globular cluster in the constellation Virgo, located about 82,000 light years (25.12 kiloparsecs) from Earth. NGC 5634 has an apparent magnitude of about 10 and a diameter of 4 or 5 arcminutes. Its Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is IV, meaning the cluster shows intermediate rich concentrations. The star near the upper right is the eleventh-magnitude UCAC2 29844847. There is also a bright orange giant, HD 127119, about 1.3 arcminutes away from the cluster.

The origin of NGC 5634 is somewhat unclear; it was once thought to be a likely member of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, but it may be associated with Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus or the Helmi stream instead.

Helmi stream
The Helmi Stream is a stellar stream of the Milky Way galaxy. It started as a dwarf galaxy, now absorbed by the Milky Way as a stream. It was discovered in 1999, is formed of old stars deficient in heavy elements, and has a mass of 10 to 100 million solar masses. It was absorbed by the Milky Way some 6 to 9 billion years ago.

The stream was named after Amina Helmi, who discovered this stellar stream after noticing this group of stars all moving at the same speed and in the same direction. The Helmi Stream discovery affirmed theories that the merging of galaxies played a significant role in creating the giant structures of the Milky Way galaxy.

In 2024 a subdwarf of spectral type sdT4 was identified as a possible member of the Helmi stream. The brown dwarf is called CWISE J155349.96+693355.2 has Vtan > 300 km/s and a poorly constrained radial velocity of +110±90 km/s.
P.R. Olgiati
Peter Rudolph "Rudy" Olgiati (August 24, 1901 – August 6, 1989) was the 55th Mayor of Chattanooga, Tennessee from 1951 to 1963. During his time in office, Olgiati oversaw the arrival of the interstate highway, the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement, and the city's first urban renewal project. He is often accused of being one of Chattanooga's last political bosses. He is also the namesake of Chattanooga's P.R. Olgiati Bridge.

Political boss
A party boss is a person who controls a faction or local branch of a political party. They do not necessarily hold public office themselves; most historical bosses did not, at least during the times of their greatest influence. Numerous officeholders in that unit are subordinate to the single boss in party affairs. Bosses may base their power on the support of numerous voters, usually organized voting blocs, and manage a coalition of these blocs and various other stakeholders. When the party wins, they typically control appointments in their unit, and have a voice at the higher levels.

Reformers typically allege that political bosses are corrupt. This corruption is usually tied to patronage: the exchange of jobs, lucrative contracts and other political favors for votes, campaign contributions and sometimes outright bribes.
Jeti-Ögüz District
Jeti-Ögüz (Kyrgyz: Жети-Өгүз, IPA: [t͡ɕetʰɪ́ ɵɣʉ́s]; lit. 'Seven Bulls') is a district of Issyk-Kul Region in north-eastern Kyrgyzstan. Its seat lies at Kyzyl-Suu. Its area is 14,499 square kilometres (5,598 sq mi), and its resident population was 93,392 in 2021. It comprises much of the eastern end of the Terskey Ala-Too Range.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.
Zack Scott
Zack Scott (born 1977) is an American sports executive who served as the acting general manager of the New York Mets between January 2021 and September 2021.

Previously, he worked for the Boston Red Sox in different roles between 2004 and 2020, including his last two seasons as assistant general manager. In 2017, The Boston Herald described him as an analytics guru due to his work for the Boston Red Sox.

Boston Herald
The Boston Herald is an American conservative daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts, and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981.

In December 2017, the Herald filed for bankruptcy. On February 14, 2018, Digital First Media successfully bid $11.9 million to purchase the company in a bankruptcy auction; the acquisition was completed on March 19, 2018. As of August 2018, the paper had approximately 110 total employees, compared to about 225 before the sale.
Petronaitis
Petronaitis is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Stasys Petronaitis (1932–2016), Soviet and Lithuanian theater and cinema actor

Vladas Petronaitis (1888–1941), Lithuanian army officer and lawyer, victim of Rainiai massacre

Stasys Petronaitis
Stasys Petronaitis (August 8, 1932 – May 2, 2016) was a Soviet and Lithuanian actor of theater and cinema. Honored Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1982).

In 1950-1951 he studied in the studio under the direction of Juozas Miltinis. He worked as an actor drama theater in the city of Panevėžys (in 1951–1973 years).

Many appeared in films,   making his debut in 1953 in the movie Aušra prie Nemuno directed by Aleksandr Faintsimmer.

Wife —  Regina Zdanavičiūtė (1925-2015), also an actress of theater and cinema; Honored Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1974), People's Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1985).
Westphalian Mill Route
The Westphalian Mill Route (German: Westfälische Mühlenroute) is a circular, long-distance, cycle route in the German district of Minden-Lübbecke and its neighbouring areas in North Rhine-Westphalia. The route is laid out in such a way as to take in 43 historic mills along a circular route of about 320 kilometres.

Running along largely quiet country roads, the Westphalian Mill Route takes cyclists through a cultural landscape dominated by the Wiehen and Weser Hills, the North German Plain and the River Weser. As increasing numbers of tourists have used the network of cycleways, tourist accommodation and restaurants have been established on the main routes.

There are northern and southern variants of the Mill Route. Both may also be combined with the Minden Museum Railway (e. g. at Hille, Südhemmern, Kleinenbremen), the museum railway at Rahden (e. g. Tonnenheide, Rahden) or the Minden pleasure boats (Südhemmern).

Wesergebirge
The Weser Hills (Wesergebirge), also known in German as the Weserkette ("Weser Chain"), form a low hill chain, up to 326.1 m above sea level (NN), in the Weser Uplands in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.

The thickly wooded Weser ridge is one of the northern outliers of the German Central Uplands on the southern edge of the North German Plain and forms part of the TERRA.vita Nature Park in the west and Weser Uplands Schaumburg-Hameln Nature Park in the east.

The Weser Hills are widely known because of Schaumburg Castle which stands on the Nesselberg (c. 225 m above NN) in the Schaumburg district of the town of Rinteln, and is the emblem of Schaumburg Land.
Bözberg Road Tunnel
The Bözberg Road Tunnel is a motorway tunnel in Switzerland. The tunnel lies under the Bözberg Pass between Frick and Baden, in the canton of Aargau, and forms part of the A3 motorway from Basel to Sargans. It is 3,705 metres (12,156 ft) long, and was opened in 1996.

The tunnel runs roughly parallel to the Bözberg Rail Tunnel.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Tania, the Woman Che Guevara Loved
Tania, the Woman Che Guevara Loved is the English translation of a book by  José Antonio Friedl Zapata, about Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider (November 19, 1937 – August 31, 1967), better known as Tania or Tania the Guerrilla, who was a communist revolutionary and spy who played a prominent role in the Cuban government after the Cuban Revolution and in various Latin American revolutionary movements. She was the only woman to fight alongside Bolivian Marxist rebels under the command of Che Guevara.

It was published first  in German  as Tania : die Frau, die Che Guevera liebte in 1997, and then in Spanish as  Tania la guerrillera : la enigmática espía a la sombra del Che in 1999 .

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Lanjera
Lanjera is a village in Dhar Kalan in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 22 kilometres (14 mi) from sub district headquarter, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Pathankot, 90 kilometres (56 mi) from district headquarter and 275 kilometres (171 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Pathankot
Pathankot (Punjabi pronunciation: [pə.ʈʰäːn.koːʈᵊ]) is a city and the district headquarters of the Pathankot district in Punjab, India. Pathankot is the sixth most populous city of Punjab, after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Bathinda. Its local government is a municipal corporation. Pathankot is located in northern part of panjab.
Niceforonia lucida
Niceforonia lucida is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and known from the Cordillera Central west of the Apurímac River in the Ayacucho Region. Common name Cannatella's Andes frog has been coined for it. The specific name lucida refers to distinctive coloration of this frog relative to frogs in the genus Phrynopus, the genus where this species was initially placed. However, later studies have moved it to other genera where its colors are less distinctive.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Rayk Haucke
Rayk Haucke is a Paralympian athlete from Germany competing mainly in category P11 pentathlon events.

He competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.  There he won a silver medal in the men's Pentathlon - P10 event and finished fourth in the men's Javelin throw - F10 event.  He also competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia.    There he won a silver medal in the men's Javelin throw - F11 event, a bronze medal in the men's Pentathlon - P11 event and finished fourth in the men's 4 x 400 metre relay - T13 event.  He also competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece.  There he finished seventh in the men's Javelin throw - F11 event and went out in the first round of the men's 4 x 100 metre relay - T11-13 event

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Uhh Ahh
"Uhh Ahh" is the title of a number-one R&B single by group Boyz II Men. The song was written by Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris.

The song was released as the third single from the group's debut album, Cooleyhighharmony, in 1991 in the United States.

"Uhh Ahh" was another for the group, peaking at #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 7, 1992, although it was their first single to miss the Top 10. However, the song was a big success on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks peaking at #1, becoming the group's second #1 single on the chart. The song also peaked at #19 on the Hot 100 Airplay and #14 on the Hot 100 Singles Sales on the same week it peaked at #16 on the Hot 100.

The beginning of the song was sampled in Beyoncé's single "Countdown".

Radio Songs (chart)
The Radio Songs chart (previously named Hot 100 Airplay until 2014 and Top 40 Radio Monitor until July 1993) is released weekly by Billboard magazine and measures the airplay of songs being played on radio stations throughout the United States across all musical genres. It is one of the three components, along with sales (both physical and the digital) and streaming activity, that determine the chart positions of songs on the Billboard Hot 100.