hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fordham Rams softball
For information on all Fordham University sports, see Fordham Rams

The Fordham Rams softball team represents Fordham University for college softball in NCAA Division I.  The team participates in the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). From 1985 until 1990, the team was a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). From 1991 until 1995, the team was a member of the Patriot League (PL). The Rams are currently led by head coach Melissa Inouye. The team plays its home games at Bahoshy Softball Complex, which is located on the college's campus.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Rudie Ramli
Rudie Ramli (born 15 May 1982) is a Malaysian former professional football player who last played for MOF FC in Malaysia FAM League as a forward.

Born in Selangor, Rudie with Mohd Fadzli Saari of Pahang was the first player from Malaysia who sign a contract to play in Germany. He signed a five-month contract as a semi professional player with SV Wehen who currently in third division of Germany Football.

Rudie is also the former member of Malaysia national team. He played in the 2005 Southeast Asian Games in Manila where Malaysia won the bronze medal. He scored three goals in the competition and earned his first red card at international stage against Cambodia. With the senior team, he made his debut against New Zealand on 19 February 2006.

Malaysia FAM Cup
The FAM Cup (Malay: Piala FAM) was a knock-out football tournament for the Malaysia M3 League and the Malaysia M4 League in Malaysia. From 2008 to 2018 it was held as a third-tier league and used the FAM League (Liga FAM) name.

The competition was first held in September 1951. Up to 1973, the competition was open to state teams that also competed in the Malaysia Cup, before the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) opened up the competition to club sides from 1974 onwards.
Charles-Philippe Robin
Charles-Philippe Robin (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl filip ʁɔbɛ̃]; 4 June 1821 – 6 October 1885) was a French anatomist, biologist, and histologist born in Jasseron, département Ain. He was a founder of the French Society for Biology in which he advocated positivist philosophy in scientific thought.

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
2013 NBA playoffs
The 2013 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2012–13 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals. LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP for the second straight year.

Eastern Conference (NBA)
The Eastern Conference is one of two conferences that make up the National Basketball Association (NBA), the other being the Western Conference. Both conferences consist of 15 teams organized into three divisions. The Eastern Conference comprises the Atlantic, Central, and Southeast Divisions.

The current divisional alignment was adopted at the start of the 2004–05 season, when the now Charlotte Hornets began play as the Bobcats, NBA's 30th franchise. This necessitated the move of the New Orleans Hornets (now Pelicans) from the Eastern Conference's Central Division to the newly created Southwest Division of the Western Conference.

The NBA first started awarding an Eastern Conference championship trophy during the 2000–01 season, renaming it after Hall of Famer Bob Cousy in the 2021–22 season. In 2021–22, the league began awarding the Larry Bird Trophy to the Eastern Conference Finals Most Valuable Player, named after Hall of Famer Larry Bird.
Thomas Z. Morrow
Thomas Zanzinger[a] Morrow (September 3, 1836 – August 25, 1913) was a lawyer, judge, and politician from Kentucky. He was one of twenty-eight men who founded the Kentucky Republican Party. His brother-in-law, William O. Bradley, was elected governor of Kentucky in 1895, and his son, Edwin P. Morrow was elected to that same office in 1919.

Morrow actively campaigned for Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860, and served in both houses of the Kentucky General Assembly. During the Civil War, he raised and commanded the 32nd Kentucky Infantry Regiment of the Union Army, which was in active service from 1862 to 1863. After the war, he remained active with the Republican Party, and was its nominee for governor in 1883, losing to J. Proctor Knott. He served seventeen years as a circuit court judge for Kentucky's 8th circuit. He died August 25, 1913, after a long illness.

James C. Klotter
James C. Klotter is an American historian who has served as the State Historian of Kentucky since 1980. Klotter is also a history professor at Georgetown College and one of the co-authors of Kentucky's staple history book, A New History of Kentucky.

Klotter received a Ph.D. in History from the University of Kentucky, and he has been awarded honorary degrees from Eastern Kentucky University and Union College. Klotter was the executive director of the Kentucky Historical Society for many years, and he was an associate editor of the Kentucky Encyclopedia. In 2015, the Boyd County High School chapter of the Rho Kappa National Social Studies Honor Society was named in his honor. In 2022, he was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame for 2022 by the Carnegie Center for Literacy and Learning.

As of 2017, Klotter lives in Lexington, Kentucky.
David Taylor (professor)
David Taylor FFRPS FRPharmS (born 1963) is a British professor. He is the head of the Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Academic Group within King's Health Partners. Taylor has been lead author and editor of the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry since 1994. In 2014, Taylor was named as one of the top 100 clinical leaders in the UK National Health Service.

Royal College of Psychiatrists
The Royal College of Psychiatrists is the main professional organisation of psychiatrists in the United Kingdom, and is responsible for representing psychiatrists, for psychiatric research and for providing public information about mental health problems. The college provides advice to those responsible for training and certifying psychiatrists in the UK.

In addition to publishing many books and producing several journals, the college produces, for the public, information about mental health problems. Its offices are located at 21 Prescot Street in London, near Aldgate. The college's previous address (until 2013) was Belgrave Square.
Disconfirmed expectancy
Disconfirmed expectancy is a psychological term for what is commonly known as a failed prophecy.  According to the American social psychologist Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance, disconfirmed expectancies create a state of psychological discomfort because the outcome contradicts expectancy. Upon recognizing the falsification of an expected event an individual will experience the competing cognitions, "I believe [X]," and, "I observed [Y]."  The individual must either discard the now disconfirmed belief or justify why it has not actually been disconfirmed.  As such, disconfirmed expectancy and the factors surrounding the individual's consequent actions have been studied in various settings.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Dizzy Heights
Dizzy Heights is the fourth studio album by British alternative rock band The Lightning Seeds, released in 1996, and reached No. 11 in the UK Albums Chart. It was re-issued in Sony Mid Price range in August 1999.

Terry Hall (singer)
Terence Edward Hall (19 March 1959 – 18 December 2022) was a British musician who came to prominence as the lead singer of the 2-tone band the Specials, and later recorded with groups such as Fun Boy Three, the Colourfield, Terry, Blair & Anouchka, and Vegas.

Hall released two solo studio albums and also collaborated with many artists including David Stewart, Bananarama, the Lightning Seeds, Sinéad O'Connor, Stephen Duffy, Dub Pistols, Gorillaz, Damon Albarn, D12, Tricky, Lily Allen and Shakespears Sister.
Joseph D. Zuckerman
Joseph D. Zuckerman is an American orthopedic surgeon specializing in shoulder, hip and knee replacement surgery.

Zuckerman is the surgeon-in-chief of the Hospital  for Joint Diseases of NYU Langone Medical Center New York University Langone Medical Center. He is the Walter A.L. Thompson Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Chair of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at NYU Langone Medical Center which includes the Hospital for Joint Diseases. He has published over 350 publications, including articles in Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, Journal of Orthopedic Trauma and has co-authored 14 textbooks. Zuckerman is a design surgeon for the Exactech Equinoxe shoulder arthroplasty system.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering orthopedic surgery related to the shoulder, elbow, and upper extremities. It is the official journal of multiple shoulder and elbow societies, including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, the European Society for Surgery of Shoulder and Elbow, the Japan Shoulder Society, the Shoulder and Elbow Society of Australia, the South American Shoulder and Elbow Society, the South African Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, the Asian Shoulder Association, the Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society, the International Congress of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists.
Jason of Nysa
Jason of Nysa (Greek: Ἰάσων ὁ Νυσαεύς, Iason o Nysaevs; 1st-century BC) was a Stoic philosopher, the son of Menecrates, and, on his mother's side, grandson of Posidonius, of whom he was also the disciple and successor at the Stoic school at Rhodes. He therefore flourished after the middle of the 1st century BC. The Suda lists four works of his:

Βίοι Ἐνδόξων Vii Endoxon – Famous Lives

Φιλοσόφων Διαδοχαί Filosofon Diadoche – Successions of Philosophers

Βίος Ἑλλάδος Vios Ellados – Life of Greece, in 4 books

Περὶ Ῥόδου Peri Rodou – On Rhodes

However, the Suda expresses doubt about whether the third book is his, and also credits Jason of Argos as having written a Life of Greece in 4 books.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Explorer 34
Explorer 34 (IMP-F, IMP-4), was a NASA satellite launched as part of Explorer program. Explorer 34 as launched on 24 May 1967 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, with Thor-Delta E1 launch vehicle. Explorer 34 was the fifth satellite launched as part of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform program, but was known as "IMP-4" because the preceding launch was more specifically part of the "Anchored IMP" sub-program. The spacecraft was put into space between the launches of Explorer 33 (IMP-D / AIMP-1) in 1966 and Explorer 35 (IMP-E / AIMP-2) in July 1967, but the next satellite to use Explorer 34's general design was Explorer 41 (IMP-G / IMP-5), which flew in 1969.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
La vie secrète des jeunes
La Vie secrète des jeunes is a cartoon series by French cartoonist Riad Sattouf that appeared weekly in French satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo from 2004 to summer 2014. In the series, the artist portrays real life anecdotes.

A collection of 150 weekly drawings were published in October 2007 with L'Association Publishing House. It received the Globes de Cristal Award for Best Cartoon in 2008. A second volume was published in April 2010. The third, and final, volume appeared in 2012.

Globe de Cristal Awards
The Globes de Cristal Awards (English: Crystal Globe Awards) is a set of awards bestowed by members of the French Press Association recognizing excellence in home art and culture. The annual formal ceremony and dinner at which the awards are presented happens each February.

The 1st Globes de Cristal were in 2006 in Paris. The 2014 ceremony was held at Le Lido cabaret on 10 March 2014 and was hosted by Valérie Bénaïm, who is the first woman to host the show, without being a co-host.
Intectin
Intectin is a Ly-6 family protein which is anchored to glycosylphosphatidylinositol on intestinal epithelial cells. Intectin has been shown to maintain the integrity of the intestinal wall by inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells upon exposure to dietary palmitic acid. Mice treated with the prebiotic oligofructose showed improved intestinal homeostasis as indicated by increased intectin.

Prebiotic (nutrition)
Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The most common environment concerning their effects on human health is the gastrointestinal tract, where prebiotics can alter the composition of organisms in the gut microbiome.

Dietary prebiotics are typically nondigestible fiber compounds that pass undigested through the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and help growth or activity of advantageous bacteria in the colon by acting as substrates for them. They were first identified and named by Marcel Roberfroid in 1995. Depending on the jurisdiction, they may have regulatory scrutiny as food additives for the health claims made for marketing purposes. Common prebiotics used in food manufacturing include beta-glucan from oats, resistant starch from grains and beans, and inulin from chicory root.
Sugar Sugar
Sugar Sugar, Inc. is a confectionery manufacturer and retailer located in Orlando, Florida.

The company is most famous for their handmade hard candy and incredibly large novelty lollipops weighing up to 2 pounds each. One of their specialties is a personalized candy where they form names, words, and logos by hand within each bite-sized piece of hard candy. The style of candymaking is very similar to Great Britain's "stick of rock" or Australia's "lollies" and often called just Rock or Lolly. Sugar-free lollies are also made using Splenda brand sucralose.

They make a variety of other confections, including peanut brittle, cashew brittle, candy apples, caramel apples, and an assortment of chocolate dipped sweets.

First airing in 2006, Sugar Sugar has been featured two of the Food Network's Unwrapped episodes, "Candy Cravings" and "Couch Potato."

Sugar Sugar's exhibition factory is located inside Universal Studios Florida theme park in the San Francisco/Amity themed area.

Candy apple
Candy apples (in American English) or toffee apples (in Commonwealth English) are whole apples covered in a sugar candy coating, with a stick inserted as a handle. These are a common treat at fall festivals in Western culture in the Northern Hemisphere, such as Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night, because these festivals occur in the wake of annual apple harvests. Although toffee apples and caramel apples may seem similar, they are made using distinctly different processes.
Kang Kwan-ju
Kang Kwan-ju (born 5 July 1930), or Kang Chu Il, is a North Korean politician. He is head of department 225 of the Cabinet of North Korea, and an alternative member of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. He is the vice-chair of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland.

Cabinet of North Korea
The Cabinet of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 내각; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 內閣) is the supreme administrative organ of North Korea and the executive organ of the Supreme People's Assembly, the highest organ of state power. The Cabinet's official newspaper is Minju Choson.
Suté Iwar
Msughter Wuese Iwar (born 14 November 1992), professionally known as Suté Iwar, is a Nigerian Afro-Fusion rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer, signed to Outer South, and co-founder of the BANTU Collective, with his brothers Tay Iwar, and Terna Iwar. His debut into the limelight was met with critical acclaim when he released his second mixtape Visions.

He rose to stardom in 2022, following the release of "alright, ok", which became his breakout song into the mainstream. In 2023, Suté gained international recognition with the release of his studio album ULTRALIGHT. The project spawned the hit tracks including "Judah Lion" featuring WurlD, and "MEDITATE", featuring Lex Amor and Tay Iwar, premiered on BBC Radio 1Xtra's R&B Show.

Afro fusion
Afro fusion (also spelled afrofusion or afro-fusion) is a dance and musical style that emerged between the 1970s and 2000s. In the same way as the dance style, the musical style invokes fusions of various regional and inter-continental musical cultures, such as jazz, hip hop, kwaito, reggae, soul, pop, kwela, blues, folk, rock and afrobeat.
Untitled (Urban Wall)
Untitled (Urban Wall) is an outdoor mural by Austrian artist Roland Hobart located at 32 North Delaware Street in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The mural originally occupied two exterior walls of two four-story commercial buildings at this site. The mural was commissioned by the City of Indianapolis for the Indianapolis Urban Walls Project in 1973. Fabrication of the mural began in September 1973 and finished by the end of the year.

Roland Hobart
Roland Hobart (25 December 1940 – 29 October 2020) was an Austrian artist who arrived in the United States in 1966 to participate in the L. S. Ayres "Import Fair" and later became a leading mural artist in Downtown Indianapolis, a well-known screen printing artist, and educator.
Shriniwas Patil
Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil (Marulkar) (born 11 February 1941) is an Indian politician and ex-officer of the Indian Administrative Services (IAS). He was the Member of Lok Sabha from the Satara constituency from Maharashtra, India.

Patil completed his M.A. Economics and LL.B. degree from Pune and Mumbai University respectively. He was the officer of Indian Administrative Services of 1979 batch. Thereafter he served as the collector of Beed district and Pune district. He has been deputy CEO of Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC).

He was elected as member of the 13th and 14th Lok Sabha of India, from 1999 to 2009 representing the Karad constituency from the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). In 2013, he was appointed the Governor of Sikkim; the position that he continued till August 2018. He was elected as Member of Parliament for the third time by defeating former Member of Parliament Udayanraje Bhosale by over 87,000 votes in October 2019 bypolls.

Beed district
Beed district (Marathi pronunciation: [biːɖ]) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. The district headquarters are located at Beed. The district occupies an area of 10,693 km2 and has a population of 2,161,250 of which 17.91% were urban (as of 2001).
Trinidad Express Newspapers
The Trinidad and Tobago Express, better known as Daily Express (and the weekend editions Saturday Express and Sunday Express), is one of three daily newspapers in Trinidad and Tobago. The Daily Express as per its masthead is published by the Caribbean Communications Network (CCN) and is headquartered on Independence Square in Port of Spain. The newspaper commenced operations on 6 June 1967. The website for the Trinidad and Tobago Express was first registered in 1997 and launched subsequently very soon thereafter. The Express newspaper is the second-oldest of the daily Trinidad and Tobago newspapers.

Independence Square (Port of Spain)
Independence Square  lies near to the southern end of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.  Formerly named Marine Square, it was renamed in honour of Trinidad and Tobago's independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.  The Square runs from east to west and is bounded on the north side by King Street (the southern street bears the name of the square).  The Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception lies at the eastern end of the Square (although the roadways bounding the square continue past the cathedral).  The western portion of the Square forms the Brian Lara Promenade.  The square was constructed on reclaimed land at the waterfront and was originally called Plaza de la Marina.  When the British captured Trinidad in 1797 they translated the name to Marine Square.

Some of the tallest buildings in the country, the Nicholas Tower and the Eric Williams Plaza are located on the southern side of Independence Square.
Gravel (video game)
Gravel is a 2018 racing video game developed by Milestone srl and published by Milestone and Square Enix for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.  MacOS and Linux ports by Virtual Programming were released in January 2019.

Milestone (Italian company)
Milestone S.r.l. is an Italian video game developer based in Milan. Founded in 1994 by Antonio Farina, the studio specialises in racing games, especially motorcycle racing games. The company began under the name Graffiti, developing the car racing game Screamer. After the studio rebranded as Milestone in 1996, it used Screamer's success for multi-game publishing deals with Virgin Interactive and Electronic Arts. The poor performance of Racing Evoluzione, published by Atari with little marketing, lead to key figures leaving Milestone. As part of Leader Group from 2002 on, the studio hired many younger developers and developed multiple games for multiple platforms, including several based on the Superbike World Championship. This shaped Milestone's identity as a developer of motorcycle racing games. After detaching from Leader Group in 2011, the studio obtained the license for MotoGP games in 2013. In 2019, Milestone was acquired by Koch Media.