hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:KP
ISO 3166-2:KP is the entry for North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea) in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for North Korea, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two metropolitan cities, one capital city, one special city, and nine provinces. All of them except the metropolitan city are province-level subdivisions. The three special administrative regions, i.e. the Kaesong Industrial Region, the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, and the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region, are not listed.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is KP, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of North Korea. The second part is two digits:

01: capital city

02–10: provinces

13: special city

14–15: metropolitan cities

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Mama: Love, Motherhood and Revolution
Antonella Gambotto-Burke's first influential work of nonfiction about motherhood, Mama: Love, Motherhood and Revolution is an anthology of personal essays and interviews with some of the world's leading experts on family and childcare, including Sheila Kitzinger, Steve Biddulph, Stephanie Coontz, Gabor Maté, and others.

A number of the essays were previously published in different editions of Vogue and Elle. Professor Michel Odent wrote the foreword.

Identified as one of the most empowering feminist quotes of all time, the book's most famous line is, "Life without femininity - devoid of mystery, emotion, gentleness and the unerring power of a woman's love - is no life at all."

Sheila Kitzinger
Sheila Helena Elizabeth Kitzinger MBE (29 March 1929 – 11 April 2015) was a British social anthropologist, natural childbirth activist, and author on childbirth and pregnancy. With over 30 books, her work is considered influential in changing the worldwide culture surrounding childbirth.
Thanpati
Thanpati is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2797 persons living in 535 individual households.

Gulmi District
28°4′N 83°15′E﻿ / ﻿28.067°N 83.250°E﻿ / 28.067; 83.250

Gulmi District (Nepali: गुल्मी जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Tamghas as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,149 km2 (444 sq mi), had a population of 296,654 in 2001, 280,160 in 2011 and 268,597 in 2016.
Bill Wurtz
Bill Wurtz is an American musician, singer-songwriter, video producer, animator, and Internet personality. He is known for his distinctive style of music involving deadpan delivery and singing, as well as his animated music videos, which often include surrealist and psychedelic graphics.

Wurtz has been actively publishing music and videos since 2002. He has uploaded videos on Vine, where he first gained popularity, and on YouTube. Two of his animated videos on YouTube, History of Japan (2016), and History of the Entire World, I Guess (2017), went viral and inspired Internet memes. In 2016, Wurtz won the Shorty Award for Best in Weird.

Video production
Video production is the process of producing video content. It is the equivalent of filmmaking, but with video recorded either as analog signals on videotape, digitally in video tape or as computer files stored on optical discs, hard drives, SSDs, magnetic tape or memory cards instead of film stock. There are three main stages of video production, pre-production, production and post-production.
Hatpuraini Halt railway station
Hatpuraini Halt railway station is a halt railway station on the Dumka–Bhagalpur line of Sahibganj loop under Malda railway division of the Eastern Railway Zone. The station is situated beside State Highway 23, Puraini at Jagadishpur in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Kiul–Khana Loop Line
The Kiul—Khana Loop Line is a railway line connecting Kiul Junction  and Khana Junction. Originally a part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, it was opened to traffic in 1866. With the construction of a shorter railway line for a part of the route, the 403.8 kilometres (250.9 mi) stretch was assigned a separate identity.
Chris Naumoff
Christopher Naumoff (born 29 June 1995) is a retired Australian professional football (soccer) player who played as a winger for Sutherland Sharks in the NPL and for Sydney FC in the A-League.

Born in Sydney, Naumoff played youth football for Sutherland Sharks, eventually playing for the first team in the National Premier Leagues NSW before moving to Sydney FC's senior side in 2014. He made over 50 appearances for Sydney before leaving the club in 2016. Soon after, Naumoff agreed to a deal with Spanish side Numancia, but was found in medical testing to have a heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which led to the cancellation of the contract and Naumoff's subsequent retirement as a health precaution.

Naumoff represented the Australian under-20 and under-23 sides on several occasions.

Australia men's national under-20 soccer team
The Australia national under-20 soccer team, known colloquially as the Young Socceroos, represents Australia in international under-20 soccer. The team is controlled by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia (FA), which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is the Young Socceroos.

The team has won twelve OFC titles, one AFC title, and five AFF titles. They have represented Australia at the FIFA U-20 World Cup tournaments on 15 occasions with their best result being a fourth-place finish in 1991 and 1993.
Singmaster's conjecture
Singmaster's conjecture is a conjecture in combinatorial number theory, named after the British mathematician David Singmaster who proposed it in 1971. It says that there is a finite upper bound on the multiplicities of entries in Pascal's triangle (other than the number 1, which appears infinitely many times).  It is clear that the only number that appears infinitely many times in Pascal's triangle is 1, because any other number x can appear only within the first x + 1 rows of the triangle.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
British degree abbreviations
Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as Who's Who and on business cards. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities. In the UK it is normal not to punctuate abbreviations for degrees with full stops (e.g. "BSc" rather than "B.Sc."), although this is done at some universities.

Doctor of Clinical Psychology
The degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy/DClinPsych/ClinPsyD) is a professional doctorate in clinical psychology, awarded mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The degree has both clinical and research components, and qualifies the holder to practice as a clinical psychologist in Britain's National Health Service and other clinical settings. It bears some similarities to the Doctor of Psychology degree in the United States.
Jang Min-hyeok
Jang Min-hyeok (Korean: 장민혁; born December 28, 1978) is a South Korean voice actor. In 2006, he started his career by joining Korean Broadcasting System's voice acting division. After being a freelancer, Jang became popular with his cover of Shia LaBeouf on the Korean dub of Transformers and his role as Sherlock Holmes on the Korean dub of a British television series Sherlock.

Tears of Themis
Tears of Themis (ToT) is a free-to-play detective otome mobile game developed and published in mainland China by Chinese developer miHoYo, and published globally by its Singapore-based subsidiary HoYoverse. Officially releasing in mainland China in July 2020 for Android and iOS. Later, officially releasing in Taiwan, then world-wide with two separate releases a year later. With the global release, it includes voice overs in Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, as well as text for a variety of languages.
Bevois Valley
Bevois Valley (/ˈbiːvɪs/ BEE-vis) is an inner city area of Southampton, England, within Bevois Electoral Ward, and includes areas called Bevois Town and Bevois Mount. The area lies south of and adjoins Portswood and is within easy walking distance of the city centre. It follows the line of the original valley of the River Itchen and as such the land is primarily clays and shingles. The area apparently gains its name from a folk lore hero called Bevis of Hampton and his giant companion Ascapart.

Bevois Valley has a primary school (Bevois Town Primary School), three churches, (St. Barnabas Church in Lodge Road, a Baptist chapel in Southcliff Road and a small church in Ancasta Road).   The nearest railway station is St Denys railway station. Along with the nearby Bedford Place, it is a popular area for nightlife, with various takeaways, pubs, nightclubs, and small venues offering live music. Since 2001, the area has been home to the Eilis O'Connell sculpture Shear.

River Itchen, Hampshire
The River Itchen in Hampshire, England, rises to the south of New Alresford and flows 26 miles (42 km) to meet Southampton Water below the Itchen Bridge. The Itchen Navigation was constructed in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to enable barges to reach Winchester from Southampton Docks, but ceased to operate in the mid-19th century and is largely abandoned today.

The river is one of the world's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, amenable to dry fly or nymphing. The local chalk aquifer has excellent storage and filtration and the river has long been used for drinking water. Watercress thrives in its upper reaches.

Much of the river from its source to Swaythling is classified as a 748.5-hectare (1,850-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and a Special Area of Conservation, of which the 9-hectare (22-acre) Hockley Meadows nature reserve is a part. The Itchen estuary is part of the separate Lee-on-The Solent to Itchen Estuary SSSI.
SS Liberty Glo
SS Liberty Glo (originally Scooba) was built by American International Shipbuilding at Hog Island in Philadelphia during World War I, but was not completed until after the November 1918 armistice. While off the Dutch coast in December 1919, it struck a mine which broke her in two, but the aft part of the vessel remained afloat and was repaired. She served as a civilian cargo ship during World War II and was scrapped in 1950 in Baltimore.

Hog Island, Philadelphia
Hog Island is the historic name of an area southeast of Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Delaware River, to the west of the mouth of the Schuylkill River. Part of Philadelphia International Airport now occupies Hog Island and the infilled channel behind it. It was the site of a major shipyard during World War I; sandwiches made for workers there may be the origin of the name "hoagie".
Symondsbury
Symondsbury (/ˈsɪməndzbəri/) is a village and civil parish in southwest Dorset, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Bridport and 16 miles (26 km) west of Dorchester. The A35 road runs through the parish to the south of the village. The village has a pub (the Ilchester Arms), a pottery and a primary school. Symondsbury parish extends from Eype and West Cliff (West Bay) in the south, to the Marshwood Vale in the north. The village is in the Dorset National Landscape area. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 1,059.

Marshwood Vale
The Marshwood Vale (or Vale of Marshwood) is a low-lying, bowl-shaped valley of Lower Lias clay, in the western tip of the county of Dorset in south-west England. It lies to the north of the A35 trunk road between the towns of Bridport and Lyme Regis, and to the south of the two highest hills in Dorset, Lewesdon Hill (279m) and Pilsdon Pen (277m). It is drained by the River Char, which flows south-west to its mouth on the English Channel coast at Charmouth. All of the vale lies within the Dorset National Landscape area.

There is an electoral ward with the same name stretching from Whitchurch Canonicorum north to Thorncombe. The total population of this ward is 1,717.
C2Y (C standard revision)
C2Y is an informal name for the next revision of the C programming language after C23 that is hoped to be released in the 2020s, hence the '2' in "C2Y".  Early working drafts of C2Y were released after the January 2024 WG14 meeting.  The current working draft N3685 was released in September 2025.  Changes have already started to be integrated in popular C/C++ compilers: GCC 15 and Clang 19.

Octal
Octal is a numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 8. Generally, an octal digit is represented as "0" to "7" with the same value as for decimal but with each place a power of 8. For example:

In decimal, each place is a power of ten. For example:

An octal digit can represent the value of a 3-digit binary number (starting from the right). For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010. Two zeroes can be added at the left: (00)1 001 010, corresponding to the octal digits 1 1 2, yielding the octal representation 112.
What to Expect When Bart's Expecting
"What to Expect When Bart's Expecting" is the nineteenth episode of the twenty-fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons and the 549th episode of the series. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 27, 2014. It was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk.

In the episode, Bart makes a voodoo doll of his hippie art teacher when he gets sick of art class and cast a spell to make her sick, but when he inadvertently gets her pregnant, he becomes a savior to Springfield couples trying to conceive—and is subsequently kidnapped to help conceive a thoroughbred race horse. Tavi Gevinson guest starred as Jenny. The episode received mixed reviews.

Springfield (The Simpsons)
Springfield is the primary fictional setting of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons and related media. It is an average-sized, fictional city in an unknown state in the United States. The city's geography, surroundings, and layout are flexible, often changing to accommodate the plot of any given episode.

Springfield was inspired by a number of real-life locations, including creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, the nearby town of Springfield, Oregon, and producer Mike Scully's hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts. However, in order to emphasize it as an example of "Anytown, USA", the location of the fictional Springfield remains a mystery. "Clues" regarding Springfield's climate, geology, distance from real cities, or political alignment, which are found in numerous episodes of the series, are intentionally contradictory.

In November 2025, an island version of Springfield was the main map for the Fortnite x Simpsons crossover mini season.
The Shoot (film)
The Shoot (German: Der Schut) is a 1964 adventure film directed by Robert Siodmak and starring Lex Barker, Marie Versini and Ralf Wolter. It was made as a co-production between West Germany, France, Italy and Yugoslavia. It is based on the 1892 novel of the same title by Karl May, and was part of a string of adaptations of his work started by Rialto Film's series of western films. It was a commercial success, benefiting from the presence of Barker and Versini who were stars of Rialto's series.

It was shot at the Tempelhof and Spandau Studios in West Berlin and on location in Kosovo and Montenegro then part of Yugoslavia. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dragoljub Ivkov. It was shot in Eastmancolor.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
1960 LPGA Championship
The 1960 LPGA Championship was the sixth LPGA Championship, held July 1–4 at Sheraton Hotel Country Club in French Lick, Indiana.

Mickey Wright won the second of her four LPGA Championships, three strokes ahead of Louise Suggs, the 1957 winner.  Defending champion Betsy Rawls finished nine strokes back in third place. It was the fourth of thirteen major titles for Wright.

The course was designed by Donald Ross; it opened in 1917 and was originally known as the "Hill Course." It hosted the PGA Championship in 1924, the second of five won by Walter Hagen and the first of four consecutive. It is now named the "Donald Ross Course." It was the second consecutive year for the LPGA Championship at the course.

Donald Ross (golf course architect)
Donald James Ross (November 23, 1872 – April 26, 1948) was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course designer. Ross was born and raised in Scotland but moved to the United States as a young man. Ross designed dozens of courses across North America and is generally regarded as one of the top golf course designers of all time.
Mabian Yi Autonomous County
Mabian Yi Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 马边彝族自治县; traditional Chinese: 馬邊彝族自治縣; pinyin: Mǎbiān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Yi: ꂶꀜꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꑤ max bie nuo su zyt jie jux dde xiep) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Leshan city. In 2020 it had a population of 188,251. The population is 50.7% Yi minority people. Mabian is known throughout China for its green tea. Other local agricultural products are Gastrodia and bamboo shoots.

Mabian's Dafengding National Nature Reserve is home to giant pandas. Other touristic sites include traditional Yi villages.

Bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used as vegetables in numerous Asian dishes and broths. They are sold in various processed shapes and are available in fresh, dried, and canned versions.

Raw bamboo shoots contain cyanogenic glycosides, natural toxins also contained in cassava. The toxins must be destroyed by thorough cooking, and for this reason, fresh bamboo shoots are boiled before being used in other ways. The toxins are also destroyed in the canning process.
2014 President's Cup – Women's doubles
Lyudmyla Kichenok and Nadiia Kichenok were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to fourth seeds Vitalia Diatchenko and Margarita Gasparyan.

Diatchenko and Gasparyan went on to win the tournament, defeating Michaela Boev and Anna-Lena Friedsam in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Anna-Lena Friedsam
Anna-Lena Friedsam (born 1 February 1994) is a German professional tennis player.
She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 45 in August 2016. In doubles, she peaked at No. 34 in September 2020.
She has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one WTA 125 singles title as well as 13 singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. Friedsam also reached the fourth round of a Grand Slam, at the 2016 Australian Open.
Spinazzola (surname)
Spinazzola is an Italian surname from Barletta–Andria–Trani, derived from the local town of Spinazzola.

Alda Levi Spinazzola (née Levi; 1890–1950), Italian archaeologist and art historian

Leonardo Spinazzola (born 1993), Italian footballer

Spinazzola
Spinazzola (Barese: Spenazzòle) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, southern Italy. Spinazzola had a population of 6,515 as of December 31 2017. Spinazzola is approximately 70km away from Bari.
A Taste for Death (James novel)
A Taste for Death is a 1986 crime novel by the British writer P. D. James, the seventh in the popular Commander Adam Dalgliesh series. The novel won the Silver Dagger in 1986, losing out on the Gold to Ruth Rendell's Live Flesh. It was nominated for the Booker Prize in 1987. The book has been adapted for television and radio.

Ruth Rendell
Ruth Barbara Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh, CBE (née Grasemann; 17 February 1930 – 2 May 2015) was an English author of thrillers and psychological murder mysteries.

Rendell is best known for creating Chief Inspector Wexford. A second string of works was a series of unrelated crime novels that explored the psychological background of criminals and their victims. This theme was developed further in a third series of novels, published under the pseudonym Barbara Vine.

Rendell has sold an estimated 20 million copies of her novels.
Frances C. Houston
Frances C. Lyons Houston (January 14, 1851 or 1867 or January 17, 1867 – 1906) was an American painter. Houston was born in Hudson, Michigan. She died in Windsor, Vermont in October 1906.

Houston primarily worked in oils, but also did work in watercolors, pottery, goldsmithing, and jewelry making. Her primary subjects were portraits. Among her subjects noteworthy subjects was the actress Ethel Barrymore.

Windsor, Vermont
Windsor is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As the "Birthplace of Vermont", the town is where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted in 1777, thus marking the founding of the Vermont Republic, a sovereign state until 1791, when Vermont joined the United States. Over much of its history, Windsor was home to a variety of manufacturing enterprises. Its population was 3,559 at the 2020 census.