hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FSEvents
The FSEvents API in macOS allows applications to register for notifications of changes to a given directory tree. Whenever the filesystem is changed, the kernel passes notifications via the special device file /dev/fsevents to a userspace process called fseventsd. This process combines multiple changes to a single directory tree that occur within a short period of time, then notifies applications that have registered for changes to the affected directory.

Until Mac OS X 10.7, FSEvents did not "watch" the filesystem, such as Linux's inotify: the API provided no notifications for changes to individual files. An application was able to register to receive changes to a given directory, and had to determine for itself which file or files were changed.

Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion) added the ability to register for file modification notifications.

Device file
In Unix-like operating systems, a device file, device node, or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file.  There are also special files in DOS, OS/2, and Windows.  These special files allow an application program to interact with a device by using its device driver via standard input/output system calls. Using standard system calls simplifies many programming tasks, and leads to consistent user-space I/O mechanisms regardless of device features and functions.
Pegomya bicolor
Pegomya bicolor is a species of fly in the family Anthomyiidae. It is found in the  Palearctic . For identification see  Host plants include Persicaria virginiana, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, and Rumex obtusifolius.

Rumex obtusifolius
Rumex obtusifolius, commonly known as bitter dock, broad-leaved dock, bluntleaf dock, dock leaf, dockens or butter dock, is a perennial plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is native to Europe, but is found on all temperate continents. It is a highly invasive species in some zones, resulting from its abundant seed dispersal, adaptability to reproduce, aggressive roots, ability to tolerate extreme climates, and hardiness.
Kana Cone
Kana Cone is a red nested cinder cone in northern British Columbia, Canada, located northeast of Eve Cone in Mount Edziza Provincial Park. The name of the cone was adopted 2 January 1980 on National Topographic System map 104G/12 after being submitted to the BC Geographical Names office by the Geological Survey of Canada, although the cone was labelled as Ashwell Cone on a 1988 Geological Survey of Canada map by Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther.

Volcanologist
A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry in recent times is the prediction of eruptions to alleviate the impact on surrounding populations and monitor natural hazards associated with volcanic activity. Geologists who research volcanic materials that make up the solid Earth are referred to as igneous petrologists.
Nezha Bidouane
Nezha Bidouane (Arabic: نزهة بدوان; born on 18 September 1969 in Rabat) is a retired Moroccan track and field hurdler who specialised in the 400 metres hurdles. A two-time World champion, she won the 400 m hurdles gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athens and the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton. In 1999, she won the silver medal at the World Championships in an African record time of 52.90 seconds. In 2000, she won the bronze medal at the Olympic Games.

Bidouane oversees the annual Women's Race to Victory 8K road race in Rabat.

2001 World Championships in Athletics
The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 and 12 August 2001 and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a thousand-strong voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

Edmonton defeated bids from Paris, France (which hosted the next edition) and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States to host the event. Edmonton had previously hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games and the 1983 Summer Universiade.
Maharagama West Grama Niladhari Division
Maharagama West Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Maharagama Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 527C.

Maharagama and President's College, Maharagama are located within, nearby, or associated with Maharagama West.

Maharagama West is a surrounded by the Pamunuwa, Dambahena, Maharagama Town, Wattegedara, Pathiragoda and Maharagama East Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Western Province, Sri Lanka
The Western Province (Sinhala: බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnāhira Paḷāta; Tamil: மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Western Province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center.
Flavored syrup
Flavored syrups typically consist of a simple syrup, that is sugar (fully mixed with water while heated), with naturally occurring or artificial (synthesized) flavorings also dissolved in them. A sugar substitute may also be used.

Flavored syrups may be used or mixed with carbonated water, coffee, pancakes, waffles, tea, cake, ice cream, and other foods. There are hundreds of flavors ranging from cherry and peach to vanilla to malt, hazelnut, coconut, almond, gingerbread, chocolate, peppermint, rootbeer, and even toasted marshmallow.

In addition to food and drink, flavored syrups are commonly used in pharmaceutical compounding.

Peppermint
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species.

Although the genus Mentha comprises more than 25 species, the one in most common use is peppermint. While Western peppermint is derived from Mentha ×  piperita, Chinese peppermint, or bohe, is derived from the fresh leaves of M. haplocalyx. M. ×  piperita and M. haplocalyx are both recognised as plant sources of menthol and menthone, and are among the oldest herbs used for both culinary and medicinal products.
Miłosz Biedrzycki
Miłosz Biedrzycki, also referred to as MLB (born 1967 in Koper, Yugoslavia) is a Polish poet, translator and geophysical engineer. One of the authors of the "brulion generation".

His poems appeared in various literary magazines, including brulion, Trafika, Boston Review, Chicago Review, Fence and Washington Square Review. Biedrzycki is the author of nine books of poetry published in Poland, two published in Slovenia, and one each in the US and Ukraine. He translated poetry of Tomaž Šalamun (Jabłoń, Zielona Sowa 2004, ISBN 978-83-7389-630-7). He was a 2010 resident of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa. From 2010 until 2015 he performed at the Gadający Pies live magazine. A brother of Mariusz Biedrzycki.

International Writing Program
The International Writing Program (IWP) is a writing residency for international artists in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Since 2014, the program offers online courses to many writers and poets around the world. Since its inception in 1967, the IWP has hosted over 1,500 emerging and established poets, novelists, dramatists, essayists, and journalists from more than 150 countries. Its primary goal is to introduce talented writers to the writing community at the University of Iowa, and to provide for the writers a period of optimal conditions for their creative work. Since 2000, the IWP has been directed by poet and journalist Christopher Merrill.
Żabowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Żabowo [ʐaˈbɔvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Dziemiany, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Kashubian: Kòscérsczi kréz, Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.

The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 72,589, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,776, and the rural population is 48,813.

Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
Gwiazdówko
Gwiazdówko [ɡvjazˈdufkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sławno, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Sławno and 175 km (109 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Sławno
Sławno [ˈswavnɔ] (Kashubian: Słôwno, German: Schlawe) is a town on the Wieprza river in Middle Pomerania region, north-western Poland, with 12,511 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of Gmina Sławno, though not part of it. The town is also the capital of Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Sejm Constituency no. 31
Sejm Constituency no. 31 is a constituency of the Sejm (lower house of Polish parliament) in the Silesian Voivodeship, electing twelve deputies. It covers area of counties: Bieruń-Lędziny, Chorzów, Katowice, Mysłowice, Piekary Śląskie, Ruda Śląska, Siemianowice Śląskie, Świętochłowice and Tychy.

Ruda Śląska
Ruda Śląska (German: Ruda O.S.; Silesian: Ślōnsko Ruda) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a city in the Metropolis GZM, a metropolis with a population of two million. It is in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica River (tributary of the Oder).

It has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, part of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Ruda Śląska is one of the cities in the Katowice urban area (population 2.7 million) and within the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area (population 5,294,000). The population of the city is 135,008 (December 2021).
Sajjan Singh Cheema
Sajjan Singh Cheema (born 15 January 1957) is an Indian former basketball player. He represented India in 1982 Asian Games and other international tournaments and matches including Asian Basketball Championship in 1981, 1983 and 1985. He was honoured in 1999 with Arjuna Award, the second-highest sporting honour of India, and in 1983 with Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award given by the Punjab state government.

1982 Asian Games
The 9th Asian Games (Hindi: नौवें एशियाई खेल), also known as Delhi 1982 (Hindi: दिल्ली 1982), were held from 19 November to 4 December 1982, in Delhi, India. 74 Asian and Asian Games records were broken at the event. This was also the first Asiad to be held under the aegis of the Olympic Council of Asia. Delhi joined Bangkok as the cities to host multiple editions of the Asian Games up to this point. Later, Jakarta and Doha would enter this group.

A total of 3,411 athletes from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in these games, competing in 196 events in 21 sports and 23 disciplines. The number of participating countries was the highest in Asian Games history. Handball, equestrian, rowing and golf were included for the first time; fencing and bowling were excluded.
Goderich United
Goderich United is a Sierra Leonean football club based in Goderich, a suburb of Freetown, Sierra Leone. The Goderich United is currently playing in the Sierra Leone National First Division, the second highest football league.

Goderich, Sierra Leone
Goderich is an affluent suburb in the  west end  of Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital. Goderich lies about 13 miles (20 kilometers) from downtown Freetown.  Goderich had a population 19,209 in the 2004 census  Goderich has a high standard of living and is the wealthiest neighborhood in Freetown.

Notable current residents of Goderich include a former president of Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma, and a former vice president of Sierra Leone, Solomon Berewa.
Louis Marchand
Louis Marchand (2 February 1669 – 17 February 1732) was a French organist, harpsichordist and composer. Born into an organist's family, Marchand was a child prodigy and quickly established himself as one of the best known French virtuosos of his time. He worked as organist of numerous churches and, for a few years, as one of the four organistes du roy. Marchand had a violent temperament and an arrogant personality, and his life was filled with scandals, publicized and widely discussed both during his lifetime and after his death. Despite his fame, few of his works survive to this day, and those that do almost all date from his early years. Nevertheless, a few pieces of his, such as the organ pieces Grand dialogue and Fond d'orgue have been lauded as classic works of the French organ school.

John Tyrrell (musicologist)
John Tyrrell (17 August 1942 – 4 October 2018) was a British musicologist. He published several books on Leoš Janáček, including an authoritative and largely definitive two-volume biography. Tyrrell was born in Salisbury, Zimbabwe and worked as a professor of music and executive editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. He died in 2018, aged 76.
Simpay
SimPay was a consortium which was founded to promote mobile payment in 2003 but which was closed as of June 2005. Simpay started in Spain by a number of mobile phone companies to build an open, interoperable solution, but was abandoned when key members pulled out in 2005.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Fuck U Betta
"Fuck U Betta" (stylized as "F**k U Betta"), also known as "Love U Betta" or "F U Betta" in clean versions, is the debut single by British singer Neon Hitch. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart and number 29 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart.

Pop Airplay
Pop Airplay (also called  Mainstream Top 40, Pop Songs, and Top 40/CHR) is a 40-song music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine that ranks the most popular songs of pop music being played on a panel of Top 40 radio stations in the United States. The rankings are based on radio airplay detections as measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (Nielsen BDS), a subsidiary of the United States' leading marketing research company. Consumer researchers, Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron), refers to the format as contemporary hit radio (CHR).
The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
2025 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Men's doubles
Jakob Schnaitter and Mark Wallner were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Denys Molchanov and Matěj Vocel won the title after defeating David Pichler and Jurij Rodionov 7–6(7–3), 6–3 in the final.

Denys Molchanov
Denys Petrovych Molchanov (Ukrainian: Денис Петрович Молчанов; born 16 May 1987) is a Ukrainian tennis player competing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 58 on 29 January 2024. In 2015 he reached his highest singles ranking of No. 169.

He has won two ATP doubles titles. He has also won 15 ITF singles and 66 doubles titles, 36 of them Challengers. He also played for the Ukraine Davis Cup team.
Omair Rana
Omair Tahir Rana (born 31 January 1978) is a Pakistani actor and theatre director. He also directs plays in educational institutes, notably One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (2014) and Life of Galileo (2013) at Lahore Grammar School Johar Town campus. He runs his theatre company by the name of Real Entertainment Productions (REP) that was founded in 2000 and has done over 50 plays.

Omair Rana was appointed as a CLF Goodwill Ambassador by the Children's Literature Festival on 30 July 2019.

Lahore Grammar School
Lahore Grammar School (LGS), established in 1980, is a private preparatory school in Pakistan affiliated with the Cambridge Board of International Examinations, with several branches throughout the country.

Lahore Grammar School has over 70 campuses spread out across Pakistan including Lahore, Islamabad and Faisalabad offering education from preschool to Matriculation and A Level.
Wewoka High School
Wewoka High School is in Wewoka, Oklahoma. It is categorized as Distant Rural and has a student body with mixed heritage. In 2025 it had 125 students in grades 9 to 12. Scores on state tests are lower than average.

Wewoka, Oklahoma
Wewoka is a city in Seminole County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,271 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Seminole County. Founded by John Coheia, a Black Seminole, and Black Seminoles in January 1849, Wewoka is the capital of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma.
Anna Nazarova
Anna Sergeyevna Nazarova-Klyashtornaya (Russian: Анна Сергеевна Назарова; born 3 February 1986) is a Russian track and field athlete who competes in the long jump. A two-time Russian champion indoors, her best mark for the event is 7.11 metres. She represented Russia at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 2012 Summer Olympics and won gold medals at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships and 2011 Summer Universiade.

On 30 November 2017 she was disqualified from the 2012 Summer Olympics, as a result of a positive doping test for turinabol.

Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone
Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT; brand name Oral Turinabol), also known as 4-chloro-17β-hydroxy17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one, is an anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). It is the 4-chloro-substituted derivative of metandienone (dehydromethyltestosterone).
Gary Ashworth
Gary Peter Ashworth (born 23 April 1960) is a British entrepreneur, business coach, author, and property developer. He founded the recruitment firm Abacus Recruitment and the technology staffing company InterQuest Group.

Property manager
A property manager or estate manager is a person or firm charged with operating a real estate property for a fee. The property may be individual title owned or owned under the sectional title, share block company owned, and may be registered for residential, commercial office, and retail or industrial use. In 2006, the Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Occupational Statistics reported that there were 329,000 property managers employed in the United States, with the number expected to grow to by 50,000 by 2016.
Anne Minter
Anne Minter (born 3 April 1963), also known as Anne Harris, is a former tennis player from Australia.

Ann competed for her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. Minter won four singles titles on the WTA Tour: 1987 Taipei, Singapore; 1988 Puerto Rico; 1989 Taipei. She was a quarterfinalist at the Australian Open in 1988, beating fourth seed Pam Shriver in the fourth round. She twice reached the fourth round at Wimbledon, upsetting ninth seed Hana Mandlíková in the third round in 1988. She reached her highest individual ranking at no. 23 on 4 July 1988. On 19 March 1990, she reached her career-high doubles ranking or 68. Her playing career spanned from 1981 until 1992. Minter's win–loss record for singles stands at 258–245.

Australian Institute of Sport
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is a high performance sports training institution in Australia. The institute's 66-hectare (163-acre) headquarters were opened in 1981 and are situated in the northern suburb of Bruce, Canberra. The AIS is a division of the Australian Sports Commission (ASC).
Luang Prabang Night Market
The Luang Prabang Night Market is an open-air flea Night Market located in downtown of Luang Prabang, Luang Prabang Province, Laos. It is open daily from 5:00 pm – 11:00 pm local time on Sisavangvong Road and end at the intersections of Chao Fa Ngum and Kingkitsarat Roads. Adjacent to the night market is the Royal Palace and the Haw Kham Buddhist Temple. Both are listed as World Heritage Sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and are open daily to tourist attractions and visitors from morning to afternoon.

Sisavang Vong
King Sisavangvong (Lao: ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌; born Prince Khao (ຂາວ) 14 July 1885 – 29 October 1959), known by his courtesy name Sisavangvong, was the last ruler of the Lao Kingdom of Luang Prabang and the founding king of the Kingdom of Laos. Born Prince Khao on 14 July 1885, he ascended the throne at the age of 18 following the death of his father. In keeping with Lao tradition, he took the courtesy name Sisavangvong.

Born in the Golden Palace of Luang Prabang during his father's reign under French colonial authority, Prince Khao extended his rule over other Lao kingdoms and built a new royal palace during his reign over Luang Prabang. He briefly ruled as king of the Japanese puppet state of Luang Prabang in late 1945, but was dethroned by the Lao Issara for his pro-French stance. He was later reinstated as monarch by the French in 1946, marking the first time in almost 250 years that a Lao monarch ruled the whole of Laos.
Willis Lamb
Willis Eugene Lamb Jr. (July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who shared the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics with Polykarp Kusch "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum". Lamb was able to precisely determine a surprising shift in electron energies in a hydrogen atom, known as the Lamb shift. He was a professor at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences.

Hydrogen spectral series
The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. The classification of the series by the Rydberg formula was important in the development of quantum mechanics. The spectral series are important in astronomical spectroscopy for detecting the presence of hydrogen and calculating red shifts.