hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of same-sex unions
This is a history of same-sex unions in cultures around the world. Various types of same-sex unions have existed, ranging from informal, unsanctioned, and temporary relationships to highly ritualized unions that have included marriage. State-recognized same-sex unions have recently become more widely accepted, with various countries recognizing same-sex marriages or other types of unions. A celebrated achievement in LGBT history occurred when Queen Beatrix signed a law making Netherlands the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001.

Moralia
The Moralia (Latin for "Morals", "Customs" or "Mores"; Ancient Greek: Ἠθικά, Ethiká) is a set of essays ascribed to the 1st-century scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea. The eclectic collection contains 78 essays and transcribed speeches. They provide insights into Roman and Greek life, but they also include timeless observations. Many generations of Europeans have read or imitated them, including Michel de Montaigne, Renaissance Humanists and Enlightenment philosophers.
Kyzyl-Kul
Kyzyl-Kul (Russian: Кызыл-Куль; Bashkir: Ҡыҙылкүл, Qıźılkül) is a rural locality (a village) in Nizhnekaryshevsky Selsoviet, Baltachevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Baltachevsky District
Baltachevsky District (Russian: Балта́чевский райо́н; Bashkir: Балтаc районы, Baltas rayonı; Tatar: Балтач районы, Baltaç rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Tatyshlinsky District in the north, Askinsky and Karaidelsky Districts in the east, Mishkinsky District in the south, and with Burayevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,598 square kilometers (617 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Starobaltachevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,623, with the population of Starobaltachevo accounting for 25.9% of that number.
Maurice Pon
Maurice Marie Jean Pon (26 October 1921 in Bordeaux – 3 April 2019) was a French lyricist who mainly worked with Henri Salvador.

In 1949, Pon wrote the lyrics of "Le Loup, la Biche et le Chevalier". With Salvador, Pon also wrote "Le travail c’est la santé" and other well-known French songs. He also wrote for Bourvil, Fernandel, Jean Sablon, André Claveau and Les Frères Jacques.

Pon died in Île-de-France, at the age of 97.

André Claveau
André Claveau (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe klavo], 29 December 1911 – 4 July 2003) was a French singer, popular in France from the 1940s to the 1960s. He won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1958 singing "Dors, mon amour" (Sleep, My Love), with music composed by Pierre Delanoë and lyrics by Hubert Giraud. Winning at the age of 46 years and 76 days, Claveau was the oldest winner of the contest until 1990, being the first and only winner prior to 1990 to triumph in their forties.
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
Xanthomonas cucurbitae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria that is a plant pathogen. It is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of cucurbits, infecting plants like pumpkins, squash, and cucumbers.

The disease can cause significant yield losses in commercial crops—up to 100% in some fields—particularly in pumpkin production in the Midwestern United States. The bacterium was first identified on 'Hubbard squash' in New York in 1926. It has since been found worldwide, with the first confirmed report in Europe occurring in Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 2018.

Cucumber
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the family Cucurbitaceae that bears cylindrical to spherical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables. Considered an annual plant, there are three main types of cucumber—slicing, pickling, and seedless—within which several cultivars have been created. The cucumber originates in Asia extending from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), and Northern Thailand, but now grows on most continents, and many different types of cucumber are grown commercially and traded on the global market. In North America, the term wild cucumber refers to plants in the genera Echinocystis and Marah, though the two are not closely related.
Eric MacKenzie (politician)
Eric MacKenzie (born 1938) is an educator and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Fredericton-Fort Nashwaak in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, the son of Daniel MacKenzie. After graduating from high school, he served in the Canadian Navy. He went on to study at the University of New Brunswick and St. Thomas University. He was a math teacher in Fredericton, also teaching in Bagotville, Quebec and St. Andrews.

MacKenzie was defeated when he ran for reelection in 2003. He later served on the executive committee of the National Capital Commission in Ottawa. In 2007, he was named to the board of directors for the New Brunswick Capital Commission.

St. Thomas University (Canada)
St. Thomas University (also St. Thomas or STU) is a  Catholic, English-language liberal arts university located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is a primarily undergraduate university, offering bachelor degrees to approximately 1,700 students. St. Thomas is also home of the Frank McKenna Centre for Communications and Public Policy.
Taverner Consort and Players
The Taverner Choir, Consort and Players is a British music ensemble which specialises in the performance of Early and Baroque music. The ensemble is made up of a Baroque orchestra (the Players), a vocal consort (the Consort) and a Choir. Performers place emphasis on a historically informed performance practice and players work with restored or replicated period instruments.

The group is named after the 16th-century English composer John Taverner.

Baroque violin
A  Baroque violin is a violin set up in the manner of the baroque period of music. The term includes original instruments which have survived unmodified since the Baroque period, as well as later instruments adjusted to the baroque setup, and modern replicas. Baroque violins have become relatively common in recent decades thanks to historically informed performance, with violinists returning to older models of instrument to achieve an authentic sound.

The differences between a Baroque violin and a modern instrument include the size and nature of the neck, fingerboard, bridge, bass bar, and tailpiece. Baroque violins are almost always fitted with gut strings, as opposed to the more common metal and synthetic strings on a modern instrument, and played with a bow made on the baroque model rather than the modern Tourte bow. Baroque violins are not fitted with a chin rest and are played without a shoulder rest.
Xenia Peni
Xenia Peni (born February 28, 1983) is a Papua New Guinean former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. Peni represented Papua New Guinea, as a 17-year-old, at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where she became the nation's first female flag bearer in the opening ceremony.

Peni competed only in the women's 100 m breaststroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 1:18.58. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including Bolivia's 26-year-old Katerine Moreno and Angola's Nádia Cruz, who competed in her fourth Olympic Games at age 25. She trailed behind Cruz in a spirited challenge by five-hundredths of a second (0.05) to round out the field in 1:19.62. Peni failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed thirty-ninth overall in the prelims.

2000 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
During the Parade of Nations portion of the 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from that country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.
Heather Rose Jones
Heather Rose Jones is an American author of fantasy novels. She received the 2017 Gaylactic Spectrum Award for her novel Mother of Souls, the third novel in her Alpennia series. Previous novels in her Alpennia series, Daughter of Mystery and The Mystic Marriage, were both finalists for the Spectrum Award. Jones published the book Baby Names for Dummies, part of the For Dummies series of instructional manuals, under the pseudonym Margaret Rose.

Jones received a PhD in linguistics from the University of California, Berkeley.

Since August 2016, Jones has presented the Lesbian Historic Motif Podcast subseries of the Lesbian Talk Show.

For Dummies
For Dummies is an extensive series of instructional reference books that aim to present non-intimidating guides for readers new to the various topics covered. The series has been a worldwide success, with editions in numerous languages.

The books are an example of a media franchise, consistently sporting a distinctive cover—usually yellow and black with a triangular-headed cartoon figure known as the "Dummies Man", and an informal, blackboard-style logo. Prose is simple and direct. Bold icons—such as a piece of string tied around an index finger—indicate particularly important passages.
Urhobo people
The Urhobos are a people located in southern Nigeria, near the northwestern Niger Delta. They are the major ethnic group in Delta State. The people of this ethnic group speak the Urhobo language. Their population is approximately 7 million.

The Urhobo people live in a territory bounded by latitudes 6° and 5°, 15° North and Longitudes 5°, 40° and 6°, 25° East in the Delta and Bayelsa States of Nigeria. Their neighbors are the Isoko to the southeast, the Itsekiri and Ijaw to the west, the Edo people to the north, the Ijaw to the south and the Ukwuani people to the northeast.

Isoko South
Isoko South is a local government area (LGA) in the Isoko region of Delta State, Nigeria. With its headquarters at Oleh, Nigeria. It is one of the two local governments that make up the Isoko region. The other is Isoko North, which has its headquarters at Ozoro. This LGA has a total population of 235,147 as at the 2006 census.
Insects in art
Insects have found uses in art, as in other aspects of culture, both symbolically and physically, from ancient times. Artforms include the direct usage of beetlewing (elytra) in paintings, textiles, and jewellery, as well as the representation of insects in fine arts such as paintings and sculpture. Insects have sometimes formed characteristic features of artforms, as in Art Nouveau jewellery.

Insect groups represented in art include bees, beetles, butterflies,  grasshoppers, and dragonflies.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Alan David (singer)
Alan David is a British pop singer of the 1960s and 1970s. He released several singles first for Decca, then for EMI, from 1964 to 1978. David appeared, playing himself as a singer in a band, in the film Gonks Go Beat (1965), and co-hosted the BBC2 TV show Gadzooks, It's The In Crowd in June, 1965 with Lulu.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Agua Caliente Mountains
The  Agua Caliente Mountains are a small range in eastern Yuma and western Maricopa counties in southwest Arizona. The community of Hyder is on the north side of the range adjacent to the Union Pacific rail line and Hyder Road. The community of Agua Caliente lies on the south flank of the range and the Gila River lies to the south.

The highest point is Morris Peak at 1,240 ft (380 m) rising 700 ft (210 m) above the surrounding desert plain in the northwest part of the range in Yuma County.

Yuma County, Arizona
Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona, one of 15 counties in the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,881. The county seat is Yuma.

Yuma County includes the Yuma, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.

Being 63.8% Hispanic in 2020, Yuma is Arizona's largest majority-Hispanic county.
Water Lily Shaft
The Water Lily Shaft near Eureka, Utah was dug during 31 days in 1921 and won a "World Champion Shaft Sinking" competition.  It was drilled by Walter Fitch Jr. Company using Waugh Clipper Drills, and set a record of "427.5 feet of vertical, three-compartment shaft" being dug in a 31-day period.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and is in the Tintic Mining District.

East Tintic Mountains
The East Tintic Mountains are a mountain range in central Juab, Utah, and Tooele counties in Utah, United States on the east margin of the Great Basin just west of the Wasatch Front about 50 miles (80 km) south-southeast of Salt Lake City. The community of Eureka is an old mining town near the center of the range. U.S. Route 6 Passes through the central part of the range and through Eureka.

The Tintic Mining District is located in the central part of the range. The district was an important producer of silver, gold and base metals during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  The mountain range, Tintic Valley, and the mining district are named after Chief Tintic of the Goshute.

The Tintic Smelter Site, the Sunbeam Mine, and the Silver City Cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, preserve some remnants of the district.

The Tintic quartzite is named after the Tintic Mountains, where exposures of the formation occur.
Rafa Blas
Rafael Martínez Carpena, known as Rafa Blas (born 8 November 1986, in Albacete), is a Spanish rock and heavy metal-singer, mostly known as the winner of Spanish talent show La Voz in 2012. Before being a part of La Voz, he was the lead singer of melodic heavy metal band Matavys (2005–2010) and Toledo-based power metal-band Nocturnia (2010–2013).

After winning La Voz, Rafa begun his solo career as Rafa Blas and released his debut album Mi Voz in 2013 via Universal Music. Two years later, he released his second solo album Sin Mirar Atrás. This time via Maldito Records.

On April 2, 2023, it was confirmed that Rafa Blas is the new singer of Mägo de Oz, after the departure of Javier Dominguez "Zeta".

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
University of Chlef
The University of Chlef (Arabic: جامعة الشلف), is a university in Algeria in the province of Chlef. It was established in 2001 by grouping several national institutes of higher education into one center, and named after the Algerian martyr Hassiba Benbouali. The university currently has almost 26,000 students enrolled over nine faculties, with 75 specialties in the first cycle (LMD) and nearly 112 specialties at the masters level. The teaching staff consists of 1,083 teachers and the personal staff consists of 1,195 functionaries.

Chlef Province
Chlef (Arabic: ولاية الشلف, Berber: ⴰⴳⴻⵣⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵛⵍⴻⴼ) (formerly known as El Asnam) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria with its capital and biggest city being Chlef. It is the 8th most populous province in the country, having 1.356.151 inhabitants (2021).

Chlef Province is an important agricultural region, as it is located on the plain of the Middle Chelif Basin and has access to an abundance of water resources. 65.43% of the province is dedicated to agriculture. Other notable industries in the province include breeding, glass production, and plastic processing. As well as these industries, Chlef Province is also home to two dams.

Being located in the Atlas Mountains, Chlef also has a sizeable seismic risk, being struck by a 6.7 magnitude earthquake in 1954 and a 7.1 magnitude earthquake in 1980.
Wahid Hasyim
Abdul Wahid Hasyim (1 June 1914 – 19 April 1953) was the first Minister of Religious Affairs in the government of President Sukarno of Indonesia, a post he held in 1945, and from 1949 to 1952.

He was the son of Nahdlatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari and went on to lead the organization. In the future his son, Abdurrahman Wahid, also held the same office in NU, and later was elected as 4th President of Indonesia in 1999.

One of the main roads in central Jakarta, Jalan Wahid Hasyim, is named after him.

President of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.

The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
Unmanned ground vehicle
An unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) also known colloquially as armored robot (ARB) is a vehicle that operates while in contact with the ground without an onboard human presence. UGVs can be used for many applications where it is inconvenient, dangerous, expensive, or impossible to use an onboard human operator. Typically, the vehicle has sensors to observe the environment, and autonomously controls its behavior or uses a remote human operator to control the vehicle via teleoperation.

The UGV is the land-based counterpart to unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles. Unmanned robots are used in war and by civilians.

Unmanned underwater vehicle
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), also known as underwater drones, or unmanned submarines, are submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant, either remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
Espeland Falls
Espeland Falls (English) or Espelandsfossen (Norwegian) is a 135-metre (443 ft) tall waterfall located in the Espeland Valley (Norwegian: Espelandsdalen) in Voss Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The falls are located just above large Lake Espeland (Norwegian: Espelandsvatnet), near the border of Voss Municipality and Ulvik Municipality.

Due to an urban legend, Espeland Falls is sometimes erroneously claimed to be 2,307 feet (703 m) tall. One theory is that the erroneous information may have originated from a misunderstanding of the concept meters of head in relation to the development of the Espeland River (Norwegian: Espelandselvi) for hydropower. Another theory is that there may have been a mixup with Skrikjofossen in Lofthus, Ullensvang Municipality, a 455-metre (1,493 ft) tall waterfall located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Espeland Falls.

Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a measurement related to liquid pressure (normalized by specific weight) and the liquid elevation above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as an equivalent liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.
2022 Brazilian gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections were held in Brazil on 2 October 2022 as part of the nationwide general elections to elect tickets with state governors and their vice governors (as well as the Governor of the Federal District and their vice governor). A second round was held on 30 October for states where no candidate was able to secure more than half of the votes in the first round.

Green Party (Brazil)
The Green Party (Portuguese: Partido Verde, PV) is a political party in Brazil. It was constituted after the military dictatorship period when limitations on party development were lifted, and, like other green parties around the world, is committed to establishing a set of policies on ensuring social equity and sustainable development. One of the party's founding members was the journalist and former anti-dictatorship revolutionary Fernando Gabeira (a federal deputy between 1995 and 2011), along with Alfredo Sirkis and Carlos Minc.
All Night (Example song)
"All Night" is a song by British recording artist Example featuring uncredited vocals by his wife Erin McNaught. It was released as a single on 11 January 2019. The song was written and produced by Example himself.

Erin McNaught
Erin McNaught (born 22 May 1982) is an Australian model, actress, presenter, television personality and beauty pageant titleholder. McNaught grew up in Australia alongside her older brothers and began playing in a band named "Short Straw" in her teenage years. After starting a career in modelling she represented Australia at the Miss Universe 2006 competition. After her participation McNaught went on to secure more modelling contracts and television jobs. In 2007 she took acting classes and secured a part in the soap opera Neighbours playing the role of Sienna Cammeniti. In 2010, she was employed by MTV and fronted their MTV Hits Weekly Hot30 Countdown show.