hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Empowerment evaluation
Empowerment evaluation (EE) is an evaluation approach designed to help communities monitor and evaluate their own performance. It is used in comprehensive community initiatives as well as small-scale settings and is designed to help groups accomplish their goals. According to David Fetterman, "Empowerment evaluation is the use of evaluation concepts, techniques, and findings to foster improvement and self-determination". An expanded definition is: "Empowerment evaluation is an evaluation approach that aims to increase the likelihood that programs will achieve results by increasing the capacity of program stakeholders to plan, implement, and evaluate their own programs."

Project stakeholder
Project stakeholders are persons or entities who have an interest in a specific project. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), the term project stakeholder refers to "an individual, group, or organization, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.: Section 3. Definitions  ISO 21500 uses a similar definition.
EFM32
EFM32 Gecko MCUs are a family of mixed-signal 32-bit microcontroller integrated circuits from Energy Micro (now Silicon Labs) based on ARM Cortex-M CPUs, including the Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M3, and Cortex-M4.

Pin compatibility
In electronics, pin-compatible devices are electronic components, generally integrated circuits or expansion cards, sharing a common footprint and with the same functions assigned or usable on the same pins. Pin compatibility is a property desired by systems integrators as it allows a product to be updated without redesigning printed circuit boards, which can reduce costs and decrease time to market.

Although devices which are pin-compatible share a common footprint, they are not necessarily electrically or thermally compatible. As a result, manufacturers often specify devices as being either pin-to-pin or drop-in compatible. Pin-compatible devices are generally produced to allow upgrading within a single product line, to allow end-of-life devices to be replaced with newer equivalents, or to compete with the equivalent products of other manufacturers.
Invisible (Duran Duran song)
"INVISIBLE" (stylized in all caps) is a song by the English pop rock band Duran Duran. It was released on 19 May 2021 as the lead single from their fifteenth studio album, Future Past (2021), and their 39th single overall.

The song debuted and peaked at number 45 on the UK Singles Sales Chart and number 44 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart.

UK Singles Downloads Chart
The UK Singles Downloads Chart is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the music industry. Since July 2015, the chart week runs from Friday to Thursday, with the chart date given as the following Thursday.

The main chart contains the Top 200 downloads (which are published in UKChartsPlus), with the top 100 published on the OCC website. The chart only uses sales of permanent digital downloads, that is single-download tracks on non-subscription online music stores. Some downloading services offer a monthly fee plan where generally an unlimited number of tracks can be downloaded within a month for a certain price. Tracks downloaded in those instances do not qualify.

An album equivalent, the UK Album Downloads Chart, was launched in April 2006.
Pathani
The Paatni (Kumaoni: पाटनी) are an ethnic Kumaoni Rajput group of the Attigoan and Kamsyar region of Gangolihat tehsil Pithoragarh district of the Kumaon Himalayas of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

Paatni people are members of a Chandravanshi Kshatriya clan that migrated from the town of Patan in Rajasthan to their current location in Uttarakhand in the early 16th century. Atkinson described them as the groups holding small principalities in Kumaon at the end of Katyuri rule and the advent of the Chand dynasty in Kumaon. After a brief stint with the Chands, they were awarded a grant of the Patti of Attigaon and Kamsyar i.e. the area from Ganaigangoli to Banspatan.

Gangolihat
Gangolihat is a town in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. It is the headquarters of its eponymous tehsil- one of the 12 revenue subdivisions of the Pithorarh district.

Gangolihat is known for its Shakta pitha of Haat Kalika Temple.
Psalms of Thomas
The Psalms of Thomas (more correctly Psalms of Thom) are a set of third-century psalms found appended to the end of a Coptic Manichaean psalm book, which was in turn part of the Medinet Madi library excavated in 1929. The psalms were originally published in 1938 by Charles Allberry.

The meter and structure of the psalms suggest that they were originally written in Eastern Aramaic. There are 20 psalms in total. The themes and content of the psalms bear a considerable resemblance to the Hymn of the Pearl from the Acts of Thomas.

Charles Allberry
Charles Robert Cecil Augustine Allberry (9 November 1911 – 3 April 1943) was an English Egyptologist and Coptic scholar. He was best known during his lifetime for his 1938 partial translation of A Manichean Psalm-Book, and posthumously as the model for C. P. Snow's character, Roy Calvert, introduced in The Light and the Dark (1947). Allberry served in the Royal Air Force in the Second World War and was shot down and killed in 1943.
Paulus Glacier
Paulus Glacier (69°24′S 70°33′W﻿ / ﻿69.400°S 70.550°W﻿ / -69.400; -70.550) is a glacier west of Mount Cupola, flowing southeast from Rouen Mountains into Hampton Glacier, north Alexander Island, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and mapped from the air photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1960. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Lieutenant Commander John F. Paulus, U.S. Navy, LC-130 aircraft commander, Squadron VXE-6, U.S. Navy Operation Deepfreeze, 1969 and 1970.

Derek and Petra Searle
Derek John Hatherall Searle (born Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, 1928 – 12 September 2003, Norwich) and Petra Leay Searle (born Exeter, Devon, 2 December 1928) are a British couple known for surveying British Overseas Territories and Antarctica in the mid-20th Century. Derek, a photographer and map librarian worked on the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, and Petra worked for Ordnance Survey International, mapping South Georgia.

The Leay Glacier off the coast of Graham Land, Antarctica is named after Petra. Mount Searle on Antartica's Horseshoe Island is named after Derek.
Diformylcresol
Diformylcresol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H2(CHO)2OH.  The 2,6-diformyl derivative of p-cresol is the most common isomer and is a white solid at room temperature.

Diformylcresol condenses with amines to give diimines that are widely studied as binucleating ligands.

Binucleating ligand
In coordination chemistry, a binucleating ligand binds two metals.  Much attention has been directed toward such ligands that hold metals side-by-side, such that the pair of metals can bind substrates cooperatively.

A variety of metalloenzymes feature bimetallic active sites.  Examples include superoxide dismutase, urease, nickel-iron hydrogenase.  Many Non-heme iron proteins have diiron active sites, e.g. ribonucleotide reductase and hemerythrin.
6th Queens
6th Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1966 to 1993.

The district comprised the western half of the city of Charlottetown. Prior to 1966, the district was part of 5th Queens, and its creation marked the only redistribution of Prince Edward Island's provincial electoral districts to take place until the province adopted conventional single-member districts for the 1996 general election.

Charlottetown
Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in 1855.

It was the site of the famous Charlottetown Conference in 1864, the first gathering of Canadian and Maritime statesmen to discuss the proposed Maritime Union. This conference led, instead, to the union of British North American colonies in 1867, which was the beginning of the Canadian Confederation. Prince Edward Island, however, did not join Confederation until 1873. From this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis, "Birthplace of Confederation".

The population of Charlottetown is estimated to be 40,500 (2022); this forms the centre of a census agglomeration of 83,063 (2021), which is roughly half of the province's population (160,302).
Kudryashov
Kudryashov (Russian: Кудряшо́в) and Kudryashova (Russian: Кудряшо́ва; feminine) is a common Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Kudryashov (born 1974), Russian football player

Andrey Kudryashov (born 1991), Russian speedway rider

Dmitri Kudryashov (born 1983), Russian football player

Dmitry Kudryashov (boxer) (born 1985), Russian boxer

Fyodor Kudryashov (born 1987), Russian football player

German Kudryashov (born 1964), Russian football player

Oleg Kudryashov (1932 - 2002), Russian painter

Olga Kudryashova (born 1978), Belarusian biathlete

Pavel Kudryashov (born 1996), Russian football player

Valeriy Kudriashov (born 1984), Ukrainian sailor

Aleksandr Kudryashov
Aleksandr Viktorovich Kudryashov (Russian: Александр Викторович Кудряшов; born 3 August 1974) is a Russian professional football manager and a former player who is the assistant manager of FC Spartak Tambov.
Astronidium tomentosum
Astronidium tomentosum is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Fiji.

The species was first described as Astronia tomentosa by Berthold Carl Seemann in 1866. In 1942 Albert Charles Smith placed the species in genus Astronidium as A. tomentosum.

Berthold Carl Seemann
Berthold Carl Seemann (25 February 1825, in Kingdom of Hanover – 10 October 1871, in Nicaragua) was a German botanist. He travelled widely and collected and described plants from the Pacific and South America. Along with his brother, he founded the German botanical periodical Bonplandia in 1853 and edited it for a decade before it became the Journal of Botany. The genus Seemannaralia is named after him.
Gradient copolymer
In polymer chemistry, gradient copolymers are copolymers in which the change in monomer composition is gradual from predominantly one species to predominantly the other, unlike with block copolymers, which have an abrupt change in composition, and random copolymers, which have no continuous change in composition (see Figure 1).
In the gradient copolymer, as a result of the gradual compositional change along the length of the polymer chain less intrachain and interchain repulsion are observed.

The development of controlled radical polymerization as a synthetic methodology in the 1990s allowed for increased study of the concepts and properties of gradient copolymers because the synthesis of this group of novel polymers was now straightforward.

Due to the similar properties of gradient copolymers to that of block copolymers, they have been considered as a cost-effective alternative in applications for other preexisting copolymers.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Ishiura
Ishiura (written: 石浦) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiroaki Ishiura (石浦 宏明; born 1981), Japanese racing driver

Ishiura Shikanosuke (石浦 鹿介; born 1990), retired Japanese sumo wrestler

Taiga Ishiura (石浦 大雅; born 2001), Japanese footballer

Tomomi Ishiura (born 1988), Japanese para-swimmer

Ishiura Shikanosuke
Ishiura Shikanosuke  (Japanese: 石浦 鹿介; born January 10, 1990 as Masakatsu Ishiura  (石浦 将勝, Ishiura Masakatsu)) is a retired Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Tottori Prefecture. Wrestling for Miyagino stable, he debuted in sumo wrestling in January 2013 and made his makuuchi debut in November 2016.  His highest rank was maegashira 5, and he has one special prize for Fighting Spirit. He retired from sumo on 1 June 2023.
2021 Gibraltar abortion referendum
A referendum on partially legalising abortion was held in Gibraltar on 24 June 2021. The referendum question was whether to enact the Crimes (Amendment) Act 2019, which allows abortions up to 12 weeks if the woman's mental or physical health is at risk. It also allows abortion later if the woman's life is at risk, to prevent "grave permanent" mental or physical injury, or if there is a fatal fetal abnormality. It had originally been scheduled for 19 March 2020, but was postponed on 12 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposal was approved by 63% of voters.

Fabian Picardo
Fabian Raymond Picardo (born 18 February 1972) is a Gibraltarian politician and barrister, serving as Chief Minister of Gibraltar and Leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party since 2011. At the 2015 and 2019 Gibraltar general elections, Picardo was re-elected to two further four-year terms. He was narrowly re-elected for a fourth term in the 2023 Gibraltar general election.

Picardo attended the University of Oxford, where he studied jurisprudence.
Rondae Hollis-Jefferson
Rondae Jaquan Hollis-Jefferson (born January 3, 1995) is an American-born naturalized Jordanian professional basketball player who last played for the Meralco Bolts of the East Asia Super League (EASL). After playing college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats, he was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 2015 NBA draft, and spent six seasons with the NBA before playing for four different basketball teams outside the United States. He has won three Philippine Basketball Association championships as part of the TNT Tropang Giga, and three-time Best Import of the Conference (2023 PBA Governors' Cup, 2024 PBA Governors' Cup and the 2024–25 PBA Commissioner's Cup).

2024–25 PBA Commissioner's Cup
The 2024–25 PBA Commissioner's Cup, also known as the 2024–25 Honda PBA Commissioner's Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the second conference of the 2024–25 PBA season of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The 22nd edition of the Commissioner's Cup started on November 27, 2024, and ended on March 28, 2025. The tournament allowed teams to hire foreign players or imports with unlimited height limit.

It was initially reported that the champions of this conference would represent the Philippines at the 2025 Basketball Champions League Asia, before it was instead awarded to the Meralco Bolts as champions of the 2024 PBA Philippine Cup. The PBA previously skipped the 2024 edition of the Asian continental club tournament.
Romance scam
A romance scam is a confidence trick involving feigning romantic intentions towards a victim, gaining the victim's affection, and then using that goodwill to get the victim to send money to the scammer under false pretenses or to commit fraud against the victim.  Fraudulent acts may involve access to the victim's money, bank accounts, credit cards, passports, Cash App, e-mail accounts, or national identification numbers; or forcing the victims to commit financial fraud on their behalf. These scams are often perpetrated by a fraud factory operated by organized criminal gangs, who work together to take money from multiple victims at a time. Pig butchering scam (PBS or PB Scam) is increasingly rampant and widespread type of romance scam which usually also entail the high-yield investment program (HYIP) scam.

Scams can be detected and prevented with simple precautions.   More money is lost each year to romance scams than to similar internet scams, such as technical support scams.

High-yield investment program
A high-yield investment program (HYIP) is a type of Ponzi scheme, an investment scam that promises unsustainably high return on investment by paying previous investors with the money invested by new investors.
Stichococcus
Stichococcus is a genus of green algae in the family Stichococcaceae. It is a very common algal genus found in a variety of habitats, such as tree trunks, soil, snow, freshwater and marine habitats. One species, Stichococcus bacillaris is economically important as it produces fatty acids useful for biofuels.

The name Stichococcus originates from the Ancient Greek στίχος (stíkhos, "row, line") and κόκκος (kókkos, "seed" or "berry").

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Fletcher FU-24
The Fletcher FU-24 is an agricultural aircraft made in New Zealand. Being one of the first aircraft designed for aerial topdressing, the Fletcher has also been used for other aerial applications as a utility aircraft, and for sky diving.

Parachuting
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from altitude  to the surface using the power of gravity, and a parachute.

The three phases of parachuting are freefall, parachute deployment and landing.
Skydiving takes place during the freefall phase where the parachute has not yet been deployed and the body accelerates to terminal velocity.
Gustaw Lewita
Gustaw Lewita (1853, 1854 or 1855 – 7 February 1889) was a pianist from Płock, Poland. He attended the Vienna Conservatory and graduated with distinction, before heading to Paris. There he became a member of the Pasdeloup Orchestra. In 1882, he became a professor at the Warsaw Conservatory. He later gave concerts to Archduke Franz Karl in Vienna, and, touring America, before the Emperor of Brazil.

University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (German: Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, abbreviated MDW) is an Austrian university established in 1817 located in Vienna. With a student body of over three thousand, it is the largest institution of its kind in Austria, and one of the largest in the world.

In 1817, it was established by the Society for the Friends of Music. It has had several names: Vienna Conservatory, Vienna Academy and in 1909 it was nationalized as the Imperial Academy of Music and the Performing Arts. In 1998, the University assumed its current name to reflect its university status, attained in a wide 1970 reform for Austrian Arts Academies.
Anders Donner
Anders Donner (November 5, 1854 – April 15, 1938) was a professor of astronomy at the University of Helsinki observatory between 1883 and 1915. Before that, he served as a docent of astronomy between 1881 and 1883. 
He was the rector of the university between 1911 and 1915 and acting chancellor 1917–1919 and 1921–1926.

Under the leadership of Donner, the observatory participated in the international star directory and star map project "Carte du Ciel". The star directory photograph work began in 1890 in Helsinki and it was ready in 1937. The Helsinki directory contains about 285,000 stars, their luminance and precise positions. Donner donated most of the work to the university.

The crater Donner on the far side of the Moon and the asteroid 1398 Donnera are named after him.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Steve Edlefsen
Steven Bradley Edlefsen (born June 27, 1985) is a former professional baseball relief pitcher who played for the San Francisco Giants in Major League Baseball between 2011 and 2012.

Prior to playing professionally, Edlefsen attended Jefferson High School in Bloomington, Minnesota and then Barton County Community College and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He was originally drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 41st round of the 2004 amateur draft, however he did not sign. He was then drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the 16th round of the 2007 amateur draft, beginning his professional career that season.

Barton Community College
Barton Community College, previously Barton County Community College, is a public community college in Great Bend, Kansas. Its service area includes Barton, Ellsworth, Pawnee, Rush and Russell Counties, Stafford County north of US Highway 50, and northwestern Rice County.
Col du Platzerwasel
The Col du Platzerwasel (elevation 1,182 m (3,878 ft)) is a mountain pass situated in the Vosges Mountains in the  Haut-Rhin department of France, between Sondernach and Le Markstein. It has been crossed occasionally during the Tour de France cycle race, including on Stage 10 of the 2014 race.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Arena Manawatu
Central Energy Trust Arena is the current name of the 180,000 square meter publicly owned recreational complex just west of the Palmerston North city center in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand.

It has three linked indoor stadiums with movable tiered seating. Outdoor facilities include football fields and a speedway track with a grandstand.

In June 2015, FMG Insurance chose not to renew the sponsorship deal for the main stadium name.

6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles
The 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles was formed on March 17, 1911. They were mobilised during World War I as a squadron of the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment. They served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli.
As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (of the ANZAC Mounted Division), they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.