hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nigel Vincent
Nigel Vincent (born 24 September 1947) is a British linguist. He is Professor Emeritus of General and Romance Linguistics at the University of Manchester.  He is best known for his work on morphology, syntax, and historical linguistics, with particular focus on the Romance languages.

Vincent was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2006, and was Vice-President for Research and HE Policy at the Academy from 2010 to 2014. In 2013, he was elected a Member of the Academia Europaea.

Until 2011, he held the Mont Follick Chair of Comparative Philology in the School of Languages, Linguistics & Cultures at the University of Manchester.  From 2000 to 2003, he was President of the Philological Society. He was the chair of Main Panel M in the Research Assessment Exercise, 2008.

In 2007, Vincent was honoured with a Festschrift with contributions by colleagues and former students.

Philological Society
The Philological Society, or London Philological Society, is the oldest learned society in Great Britain dedicated to the study of language as well as a registered charity. The current Society was established in 1842 to "investigate and promote the study and knowledge of the structure, the affinities, and the history of languages". The society publishes a journal, the Transactions of the Philological Society, issued three times a year as well as a monographic series.

The first Philological Society, based in London's Fitzroy Square, was founded in 1792 under the patronage of Thomas Collingwood of St Edmund Hall, Oxford.  Its publication was titled The European Magazine, and London Review.

The Philological Society is a member organisation of the University Council of General and Applied Linguistics.
Amur Railway
The 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) broad gauge Amur Railway is the last section of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia, built in 1907–1916. The construction of this railway favoured the development of the gold mining industry, logging, fisheries and the fur trade in Siberia and Russian Far East. It is over 2115 km in length, stretching across the Transbaikal Region and the Amur Oblast. The railway's main sections are: Kuenga-Uryum (204 km, 1907–1911); Uryum-Kerak (632 km, 1909–1913); Kerak-Deya with an offshoot to Blagoveshchensk (679 km, 1911–1915); Deya-Khabarovsk (481 km, 1915–1916). Ye.Yu.Podrutsky, Alexander Liverovsky, and V.V.Tregubov were the chief engineers, who oversaw the construction of the Amur Railway by approx. 54,000 workers (as of 1913), brought from Central Russia and Siberia (the Tsarist government specifically forbade the use of foreign workforce).

Siberian fur trade
The Siberian fur trade is an exchange concerned with the gathering, buying and selling of valuable animal furs that originate from Siberia. The Siberian fur trade expanded from localized trade, and Siberian fur is now traded around the world. The Siberian fur trade had a significant impact on the development of Siberia through exploration and colonization. The fur trade also precipitated a decline in the number of fur-bearing animals and resulted in Siberia being conquered by Russia.
Eric Bearclaw
Eric Bearclaw is the stage name of Eric Barraclough, a Canadian guitarist from Cedar, British Columbia. He is most noted for his 2023 album Distant Places, which received a Juno Award nomination for Instrumental Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2025.

His style blends classical guitar with world music elements.

Juno Award for Instrumental Album of the Year
The Juno Award for "Instrumental Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1976, as recognition each year for the best instrumental album in Canada.  The award was originally called the "Instrumental Artist of the Year".
Killing of Bogumił Linka
Bogumił Linka (Gottlieb Linka) (born 5 February 1865 in Górki near Szczytno, died 29 March 1920 in Olsztyn) - was a Polish-Masurian social and national activist, early proponent of agricultural education, activist of the Masurian People's Party (MPL), member of the supervisory board of Bank Mazurski. In March 1919, Linke went with a delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, where he asked the allies for the incorporation of Warmia and Mazury into the newly independent Polish state without a plebiscite. After returning, the delegation was arrested by German authorities for high treason, but then released after the intervention of Marshal Foch. During "Bloody Wednesday" on 21 January 1920, Linke was severely beaten by German nationalist militias and transported to a hospital in Olsztyn, where he died of internal injuries.

Szczytno
Szczytno [ˈʂt͡ʂɨtnɔ] (German: Ortelsburg) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,013 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Szczytno County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship, within the ethnocultural region of Masuria.

Olsztyn-Mazury Regional Airport, located nearby, is the most important airport of the Masurian region. Szczytno is located on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line and Szczytno – Ostrołęka line. Szczytno also had minor rail connections towards Czerwonka; however, these were later closed by Polish Railways.

Two lakes, Domowe Małe and Długie (also known as Domowe Duże), are located within the town limits.

Szczytno is a member of Cittaslow.
Des Greenslade
Desmond Greenslade (11 January 1933 — 16 November 2021) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

A Cwmcarn-born miner, Greenslade was a prop and played most of his rugby at Newport, playing 285 matches after joining the club from Newbridge in 1955. He was in the Newport side that beat the touring 1957 Wallabies.

Greenslade made a one-off appearance for Wales in the 1962 Five Nations Championship, winning his cap as a replacement for injured prop Kingsley Jones against Scotland in Cardiff, a match they lost 3–8.

Cwmcarn
Cwmcarn is a village situated in the Ebbw valley in south Wales, in the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. It grew with 19th-century coal mining, but is now known for its extensive mature forestry and greenery, that attract thousands of visitors and mountain biking enthusiasts each year.
Alumni Arena (SUNY Cortland)
The Campus Center Hockey Arena is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose ice arena located in Cortland, New York on the campus of SUNY Cortland. The arena is also the home to the Cortland Red Dragons men's and women's ice hockey teams competing at the NCAA Division III level in the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC). As well as a men's club team competing at the ACHA Division I level in the Northeast Collegiate Hockey League, SUNY Cortland Figure Skating Club, intramural hockey, and broomball. And for recreation ice skating and figure skating.

The arena is also used for various other events: commencement ceremonies, trade shows, conventions, concerts, Empire State Games, volleyball, and sports camps.

The ice arena is part of the larger Park Center Athletic Complex that serves as a location for various student activities and Red Dragon Athletic facilities.

Cortland, New York
Cortland is a city and the county seat of Cortland County, New York, United States. Known as the Crown City, Cortland is in New York's Southern Tier region. As of 2024, the estimated population of Cortland, New York, is 17,196, reflecting a decline of approximately 1.82% since the 2020 census, which recorded 17,515 residents.

The city of Cortland, near the county's western border, is surrounded by the town of Cortlandville.
Tenniöjoki
The Tenniöjoki is a river in Russia and Finland. It begins in Murmansk Oblast in Russia from where it flows into Finnish territory in Lapland region. It is a tributary of Kemijoki and one of its tributaries is Kuolajoki which also begins on the Russian side of the border and ends in Finland.

The river is 73 kilometres (45 mi) long and the area of its watershed is 725 square kilometres (280 sq mi). It starts in a swampy area by the slopes of the Minkeliminturi mountain.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Croat (coin)
The croat was a silver coin of Catalonia introduced by the king Peter III in 1285 and minted at Barcelona, Perpignan and Tortosa. The term "croat" derives from the Latin grossus denarius, great coin, a common term for silver coins of higher value than pennies. Peter III was inspired by the gros introduced by Louis IX of France.

The croat was originally worth twelve terns of 25% silver billon. In 1340 the gold florín was introduced at a value of eleven croats. The purity of the florín was fixed at eighteen carats (75% gold) in 1365. As the popularity of the florín and the croat grew, the Aragonese empire settled into bimetallism. The Catalan croat was equivalent in value to the Aragonese ral (which went by many names: grosso, real, alfonsino, anfusinus). It was the most stable of all the Aragonese coinage and widely used in the Mediterranean trade.

Spanish real
The real (English: /ɹeɪˈɑl/ Spanish: /reˈal/) (meaning: "royal", plural: reales) was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries after the mid-14th century. It underwent several changes in value relative to other units throughout its lifetime until it was replaced by the peseta in 1868. The most common denomination for the currency was the silver eight-real Spanish dollar (real de a ocho), or peso, which was used throughout Europe, America and Asia during the height of the Spanish Empire.
2012 Thai FA Cup final
The 2012 Thai FA Cup final was the 19th final of Thailand's domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Suphachalasai Stadium in Bangkok on 4 November 2012. The match was contested by Army United, who beat Police United 2–1 in their semi-final, and Buriram United who beat Bangkok Glass 2–0 in the match. After Goran Jerković opened the scoring in 37th minute, Goran Jerković equalised in the 62nd, before Issarapong Lilakorn the different beater to army united and Buriram United beat Army United 2–1 .

Thai FA Cup
The Thai FA Cup (Thai: ไทยเอฟเอคัพ), known officially as The Football Association of Thailand Cup, is a football cup competition in Thailand. Thai FA Cup is an annual knockout association football competition in men's domestic football. It was held between 1974 and 1999 and relaunched in 2009. Raj Vithi won the first two editions.

In 2009 it was announced that the Thai FA Cup would return to the Thai football calendar. All the teams from the Thai League 1 and Division 1 League were automatically entered and teams from the Division 2 League as well as university and schools teams could apply to enter. The qualifying round took place from 27–30 June. The first round proper will see sixteen qualifiers progress to the second round where they will each meet a Division 1 side. The sixteen TPL teams enter at the third round stage. The final will be played at National Stadium with the winning team receiving 1,000,000 Thai baht. The runners-up will receive 500,000 Thai baht.
Frederick (book)
Frederick is a 1967 children's book by Leo Lionni.  The book is about a group of field mice who are gathering food, except the titular mouse who prefers to store up something special for the winter instead. The book won a 1968 Caldecott Honor for its illustrations and is listed in the literary reference book 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up.

1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up
1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up is a literary reference book compiled by Julia Eccleshare, children's book editor at British newspaper The Guardian. It was published in 2009 by Universe/Rizzoli International.
Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.  Activated olfactory receptors trigger nerve impulses which transmit information about odor to the brain.  In vertebrates, these receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The olfactory receptors form the largest multigene family in vertebrates consisting of around 400 genes in humans and 1400 genes in mice. In insects, olfactory receptors are members of an unrelated group of ligand-gated ion channels.

Odor
An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system. While smell can refer to pleasant and unpleasant odors, the terms scent, aroma, and fragrance are usually reserved for pleasant-smelling odors and are frequently used in the food and cosmetic industry to describe floral scents or to refer to perfumes.
2012 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup
The 2012 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup was the seventh edition of the Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup, the men's international under-21 field hockey championship of Asia, organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held from 3 to 13 May 2012 at the MBM Stadium in Malacca, Malaysia. The top three teams alongside India qualified for the 2013 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup.

The hosts Malaysia won their first tile by defeating Pakistan 2–1 in the final. Two-time defending champions India won the bronze medal by defeating South Korea 2–1 with a golden goal in extra time after the match finished 1–1 in regular time.

2013 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2013 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup was the 10th edition of the Hockey Junior World Cup for men, an international field hockey tournament. It was held between 6 and 15 December 2013 in New Delhi, India.

Germany won the tournament for the sixth time after defeating France 5–2 in the final, who participated in their first ever final in a top international event. The Netherlands won the third place match by defeating Malaysia 7–2.
We're a Winner (song)
"We're a Winner" is a 1967 single recorded by The Impressions for the ABC-Paramount label. Written and produced by Impressions lead singer Curtis Mayfield, the song is notable as one of the most prominent popular recordings dealing with the subject of black pride. The phrase "We're a Winner" was later used as the motto of Mayfield's record label Curtom Records.

ABC Records
ABC Records was an American record label founded in New York City in 1955. It originated as the main popular music label operated by the Am-Par Record Corporation. Am-Par also created the Impulse! jazz label in 1960. It acquired many labels before ABC was sold to MCA Records in 1979. ABC produced music in a variety of genres: pop, rock, jazz, country, rhythm and blues, soundtrack, gospel, and polka. In addition to producing records, ABC licensed masters from independent record producers, and purchased regionally released records for national distribution.

The label was initially called Am-Par Records (1955), but quickly changed to ABC-Paramount Records (1955–1966), and then renamed ABC Records in 1966.
1990 Virginia Slims of Albuquerque – Doubles
Nicole Provis and Elna Reinach were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Meredith McGrath and Anne Smith won the title by defeating Peanut Louie Harper and Wendy White 7–6(7–2), 6–4 in the final.

Elna Reinach
Elna Reinach (born 2 December 1968) is a South African former professional tennis player.

With Patrick Galbraith, she won the US Open mixed doubles championship in 1994. She played in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Reinach was runner-up at the French Open with Danie Visser in 1993. Her brother, Fanie, coached her and their sister, Monica, as well as Lori McNeil, Lindsay Davenport, and Laura Gildemeister. After retiring in 1995, she had a daughter named Lané and another daughter named Liezel.
Samuel Waterhouse
Samuel Waterhouse (1815 – 4 March 1881) was an English Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1863 to 1880.

Waterhouse was the son of John Waterhouse of Wellhead and his wife Grace Elizabeth Rawson, daughter of John Rawson of Stoney Royd, near Halifax. He was a director of the Great Northern Railway. He was also a deputy lieutenant for Yorkshire and a J.P. for the West Riding of Yorkshire and a major in the 2nd West Yorkshire Yeomanry Cavalry.

In January 1860 Waterhouse stood unsuccessfully for parliament at a by-election in Pontefract. He was elected unopposed as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Pontefract at a by-election in August 1863 and held the seat until he stood down from the Commons at the 1880 general election.

Waterhouse died at the age of 65.

Waterhouse married Charlotte Lydia Edwards, daughter of Henry Lees Edwards of Pye Nest in 1840. Her brother Sir Henry Edwards, 1st Baronet was MP for Beverley.

Beverley (UK Parliament constituency)
Beverley has been the name of a parliamentary constituency in the East Riding of Yorkshire for three periods. From medieval times until 1869 it was a parliamentary borough consisting of a limited electorate of property owners of its early designated borders within the market town of Beverley, which returned (elected) two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the English and Welsh-turned-UK Parliament during that period (sometimes called burgesses).

A form of a Beverley seat was revived for a single-member county constituency created in 1950, abolished in 1955, and similarly between the 1983 and 1992 general elections inclusive after which the area was largely incorporated into one 1997-created seat Beverley and Holderness; the remainder of the seat contributed to two other late 20th century-created seats.
Jakun language
Jakun is an Austronesian language, perhaps a dialect of Malay, spoken in Malaysia. Specifically it is spoken on the east coast and inland of Peninsular Malaysia, around the Pairang River, from Pekan in Pahang to Sri Gading, east to Benut, northwest to middle Muar River area around the districts of Segamat, Muar and Tangkak in Johor. It is also known as Djakun, Jakoon, Jaku’d, Jakud’n or Orang Hulu.

The language is native to the Jakun tribe belonging to the Proto-Malay branch of the indigenous natives of Malaysia, the Orang Asli.

Muar District
The Muar District is a district in Johor, Malaysia. Muar is located at the mouth of the Muar River, on the coast of the Straits of Malacca. The Muar District covers 1,354 km2 (523 sq mi), with a population of 233,779 (2010).

The district borders Tangkak District to the west, Segamat District to the north, and Batu Pahat District to the east.
Lagoon 420
The Lagoon 420 is a French sailboat that was designed by Van Peteghem/Lauriot-Prevost as a cruiser and yacht charter boat, first built in 2006, as a 2007 model year introduction.

The boat was introduced at the 2006 US Sailboat Show in Annapolis, Maryland.

The Lagoon 420 has a unique hybrid diesel-electric drive system and sold as the first production hybrid sailboat. When a more conventional dual diesel engine arrangement was installed, the boat was designated as the Lagoon 421.

Yacht charter
Yacht chartering is the practice of renting, or chartering, a sailboat or motor yacht and traveling to various coastal or island destinations.

There are three main kinds of charter: bareboat, skippered and crewed. Bareboat charters require the client to skipper the boat themselves, while skippered charters include both boat and a professional skipper. Crewed charters are staffed by a captain and professional crew that can include chefs, engineers, deckhands, and stewards. Most bareboat charter companies offer basic seamanship courses to prepare clients for handling a boat. These companies may also provide skippered charters, which include a skipper, but no additional crew.
Riverfest Elora
Riverfest Elora is an annual art and music held at Bissell Park in Elora, Ontario.

The festival was founded in 2009 by artist Marilyn Koop, initially as a backyard festival that was attended by 700 people with headliners Rawlins Cross and Tony McManus. In 2011 the festival moved from its original location on the grounds of the Elora Centre of the Arts across the street to its current home of Bissell Park.

The 2020 edition of the festival was cancelled due to COVID-19. In 2021, the festival was initially planned to run on a shrunken basis due to continuing COVID-19 requirements with only 430 tickets sold for a line up of 11 artists before being cancelled altogether.

City and Colour
Dallas Michael John Albert Green (born September 29, 1980) is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter and record producer who records under the name City and Colour. He is also known for his contributions as a singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and co-founder of the post-hardcore band Alexisonfire. In 2005, he debuted his first full-length album, Sometimes, which achieved platinum certification in 2006. City and Colour began performing in small intimate venues between Alexisonfire tours. The name City and Colour comes from his own name: Dallas, a city, and Green, a colour. His reasoning for the name was that he felt uneasy "putting the album out under the name Dallas Green".
Rose Jackson
Rose Butler Jackson is an Australian Labor Party politician serving as a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 8 May 2019. Since 5 April 2023, she has been serving in the Minns ministry as Minister for Water, Minister for Housing, Minister for Homelessness, Minister for Mental Health, Minister for Youth, and Minister for the North Coast. She is the former Assistant General Secretary of NSW Labor.

Jackson is a former Secretary of the New South Wales Labor Left faction and associated with the majority hard-left subfaction within Labor Left.

As a member of the NSW Labor Parliamentary Caucus, Jackson has called on the party to implement drug law reform including the legalisation of cannabis. Jackson has also called for strong industrial relations reform, like criminalising wage theft, and criminal justice reform in NSW.

Labor Left
The Labor Left (LL), also known as the Progressive Left, Socialist Left or simply the Left, is one of the two major political factions within the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is characterised nationally by its advocacy of socially progressive, democratic socialist policies and competes with the Labor Right faction. The ruling Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, is a Labor Left member.

The Labor Left operates autonomously in each state and territory of Australia, and organises as a broad alliance at the national level. Its policy positions include party democratisation, economic interventionism, progressive tax reform, refugee rights, gender equality and same-sex marriage. The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including Keynesianism, confrontational trade unions, Fabian social democracy, New Leftism, and democratic socialism.