hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1924 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1924.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Dazkırı District
Dazkırı District is a district of Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Dazkırı. Its area is 408 km2, and its population is 11,364 (2021). Lake Acıgöl, the second-largest alkaline lake in the world, is largely within this district. On the Denizli side of the lake there are plants extracting sodium sulphate, but the Dazkırı lake-shore is still agricultural. There is also potential for mining chrome and other minerals.

Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used as a filler in the manufacture of powdered home laundry detergents and in the Kraft process of paper pulping for making highly alkaline sulfides.
Shoichi Sakata
Shoichi Sakata (坂田 昌一, Sakata Shōichi; 18 January 1911 – 16 October 1970) was a Japanese physicist and Marxist who was internationally known for theoretical work on subatomic particles. He proposed the two meson theory, the Sakata model (an early precursor to the quark model), and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata neutrino mixing matrix.

After the end of World War II, he joined other physicists in campaigning for the peaceful uses of nuclear power.

George Zweig
George Zweig (/zwaɪɡ/; born May 30, 1937) is an American physicist of Russian-Jewish origin. He was trained as a particle physicist under Richard Feynman. He introduced, independently of Murray Gell-Mann, the quark model (although he named it "aces"). He later turned his attention to neurobiology. He has worked as a research scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Massachusetts Institute of Technology,  and in  the financial services industry.
Big Lava Bed
The Big Lava Bed, located in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in the southwestern area of the State of Washington, originated from a 500-foot-deep crater in the northern center of the bed. The Big Lava Bed is the youngest feature of the Indian Heaven volcanic field. The 0.9-cubic kilometer lava flow erupted from the cinder cone about 8200 years ago. The lava flow traveled 13 km from the source crater. Lodgepole pine, alder, and other pioneer plants struggle to grow, seen sparsely growing between and amid towering rock piles, caves, and strange lava formations. Access into the interior of the lava bed is difficult, since there are no roads or trails crossing the lava field. Explorers who wish to venture deep within the lava flow are advised to choose their route carefully. Compasses are not always reliable, since local magnetic influences affect their magnetic performance in the vast expanse of rock.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
TV Bingo
TV Bingo is an Australian television series of 1965. Aired in Sydney only on station TCN-9, it was a half-hour game show in which viewers at home played bingo for prizes. It was hosted by David Paterson, and aired in a daytime time-slot.

Bingo (British version)
Bingo is a game of probability in which players mark off numbers on cards as the numbers are drawn randomly by a caller, the winner being the first person to mark off all their numbers. Bingo, traditionally known as Housey-Housey, became increasingly popular across the UK following the Betting and Gaming Act 1960 with more purpose-built bingo halls opened every year until 2005. Since 2005, bingo halls have seen a marked decline in revenues and many have closed. The number of bingo clubs in Britain dropped from nearly 600 in 2005 to under 400 in 2014. These closures have been blamed on high taxes, the smoking ban, and the rise in online gambling.

In Quebec, this game is called Kinzo. In India, it is known as Tambola.

Bingo played in the UK (90-ball bingo) is distinct from bingo played in the US (75-ball bingo), which has a square ticket layout and a different style of calling.
404th Air Expeditionary Group
The 404th Air Expeditionary Group is a provisional United States Air Force unit assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe. 
The group may be activated or inactivated at any time.

It was last activated on 1 October 2008, and provided airlift for US Africa Command (USAFRICOM). The 404 Group added, in provisional status, the 459th Expeditionary Air Medical Squadron.

The group forward-deploys when needed to facilitate air and support operations for varied missions, ranging from humanitarian airlift to presidential support. It deployed to Rwanda in January 2009 to airlift for United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur peacekeeping equipment. In July 2009, the 404th Group deployed to Ghana to provide aerial port and aircraft maintenance teams, along with forward communications, early warning, and air domain safety and security elements for U.S. President Barack Obama's visit.

PGM-19 Jupiter
The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear armed, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF). It was a liquid-propellant rocket using RP-1 fuel and LOX oxidizer, with a single Rocketdyne LR79-NA (model S-3D) rocket engine producing 150,000 lbf (670 kN) of thrust. It was armed with the 1.44 Mt (6.0 PJ) W49 nuclear warhead. The prime contractor was the Chrysler Corporation.

The Jupiter was originally designed by the US Army, which was looking for a highly accurate missile designed to strike enemy states such as China and the Soviet Union. The US Navy also expressed an interest in the design as an SLBM but left the collaboration to work on their solid-fuel Polaris. Jupiter retained the short, squat shape intended to fit in submarines.
John Koskan
John Koskan (born September 27, 1955) is an American politician who served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 26th district from 1993 to 2001 and in the South Dakota Senate from the 26th district from 2001 to 2007.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
First war against Swantopolk II
The first war against Swantopolk II was a military conflict in Pomerelia and Kuyavia. It was fought between 1236 and 1238 by the Duchy of Lubiszewo, and later the Mecklenburgian forces, both led by Sambor II, the Duchy of Białogarda, led by Ratibor and the Duchy of Kuyavia, led by Casimir I, all fighting against Duchy of Gdańsk, led by Swantopolk II. The conflict ended with the conquest of Lubiszwo and Białogarda, and subsequent recovery of control over their rulers by Swantopolk II. Additionally, Kuyavia conquered neighboring lands of the Duchy of Gdańsk, and was subsequently raided by it, receiving heavy financial and material losses. Following the war, Swietopelk II was excommunicated by the Catholic Church.

Świętopełk II, Duke of Pomerania
Swantopolk II (Polish: Świętopełk II; Kashubian: Swiãtopôłk II; 1190/1200 — 11 January 1266), also known as Swantopolk II the Great (Polish: Świętopełk II Wielki; Kashubian: Swiãtopôłk II Wiôldżi), was the ruling Duke of Gdańsk from 1215 until his death. He was the first member of the Samborides to style himself dux from 1227 onwards.
Stefánsdóttir
Stefánsdóttir is an Icelandic patronymic, used by:

Dóra Stefánsdóttir (born 1985), retired Icelandic footballer who last played for Swedish club LdB FC Malmö

Erla Stefánsdóttir (1935–2015), Icelandic self-proclaimed seer and public commentator on the topic of the huldufólk

Greta Salóme Stefánsdóttir (born 1986), Icelandic singer and violinist in the Iceland Symphony Orchestra

Hanna Guðrún Stefánsdóttir (born 1979), Icelandic team handball player

Ragna Lóa Stefánsdóttir (born 1966), Icelandic former football player

Sigrún Stefánsdóttir (born 1947), the head of radio and television of RÚV, the National Icelandic Broadcasting Service

Sóley Stefánsdóttir (born 1987), Icelandic multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter

Þórey Rósa Stefánsdóttir (born 1989), Icelandic team handball player

Erla Stefánsdóttir
Erla Hafstein Stefánsdóttir (6 September 1935 – 5 October 2015) was an Icelandic piano-teacher and self-proclaimed seer. She was a noted public commentator on the topic of the huldufólk, particularly in relation to how they might be affected by building projects such as road-building, housing estates, or power-stations. She also held elf-tours in Hafnarfjörður.
John Schulze (baseball)
John H. Schulze (April 4, 1866 – May 19, 1941) was an American catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the 1891 St. Louis Browns of the American Association. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

Schulze was a major league player whose career, statistically speaking, was only slightly different from that of Eddie Gaedel or Moonlight Graham. On August 7, 1891, he debuted with the Browns and went hit-less in two at-bats. He did not have a fielding chance, and never appeared in a major league game again.

Schulze died in his native St. Louis at the age of 75.

Eddie Gaedel
Edward Carl Gaedel (June 8, 1925 – June 18, 1961) was the smallest player to appear in a Major League Baseball game.

Gaedel gained recognition in the second game of a St. Louis Browns doubleheader on August 19, 1951. Weighing 60 pounds (27 kg) and standing 3 feet 7 inches (109 cm) tall, he became the shortest player in the history of the Major Leagues. Gaedel made a single plate appearance and was walked with four consecutive balls before being replaced by a pinch-runner at first base. His jersey, bearing the uniform number "1⁄8", is displayed in the St. Louis Cardinals Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.

St. Louis Browns owner Bill Veeck, in his 1962 autobiography Veeck – As in Wreck, said of Gaedel, "He was, by golly, the best darn midget who ever played big-league ball. He was also the only one."
Tony Hale, Space Detective
Children's literature portal

Tony Hale, Space Detective is a juvenile science fiction novel, the fifteenth in Hugh Walters' Chris Godfrey of U.N.E.X.A. series. It was published in the UK by Faber in 1973.

This and all subsequent books in the series focused on either Earth or local planetary adventures, as technology to explore further afield could not be justified by Walters.

Tony Hale was first introduced as a character in Moon Base One, and this is the only book to bear one of the main characters in the title. Copies are rare and fetch high prices.

Faber & Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London. Published authors and poets include T. S. Eliot (an early Faber editor and director), W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, Margaret Storey, William Golding, Samuel Beckett, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Milan Kundera and Kazuo Ishiguro.

Founded in 1929, in 2006 the company was named the KPMG Publisher of the Year.

Faber and Faber Inc., formerly the American branch of the London company, was sold in 1998 to the Holtzbrinck company Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Faber and Faber ended the partnership with FSG in 2015 and began distributing its books directly in the United States.
Harrison Kombe
Harrison Mwalimu Garama Kombe (born 1956 in Magarini, Kilifi County) is a Kenyan teacher and politician. He was first elected to the Kenya National Assembly from Magarini Constituency on the ticket of Shirikisho Party in 2002. He suffered a defeat in 2007 and returned to the parliament in 2013 and was reelected in 2017 before being defeated again in the 2022 parliamentary election.

Shirikisho Party of Kenya
The Shirikisho Party of Kenya  is a political party in Kenya. (Shirikisho means Union or Federation in Swahili). The party was formed in 1997 and had some political influence in the Coast Region. At the last legislative elections, 27 December 2002, the party won 1 out of 212 elected seats.

At the Kenyan general election, 2007, Shirikisho was part of the newly created alliance Party of National Unity led by President Mwai Kibaki but failed even to clinch a single seat in parliament.
Capital Arts Entertainment
Capital Arts Entertainment is a Los Angeles-based film and television production, financing and distribution company.

Run by former Roger Corman alums Mike Elliott, Rob Kerchner and Joe Genier, Capital Arts Entertainment is widely believed to have produced, with Saban Entertainment's Lance H.Robbins and Haim Saban, the very first direct-to-video sequel, 1997's Casper: A Spirited Beginning starring Steve Guttenberg, Lori Loughlin and Rodney Dangerfield.

Company efforts include Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman, American Pie Presents: The Book of Love, Beethoven's 5th, Peaceful Warrior, Why Did I Get Married?, Route 9, The Perfect Holiday and TimeCop : The Berlin Decision. Though best known for their succession of direct-to-video sequels, the shingle has also developed and produced several original features.

Beethoven's 5th (film)
Beethoven's 5th is a 2003 American family comedy film and is the fifth installment in the Beethoven film series. The film was released direct-to-video on December 2, 2003.

The cast was completely renewed for this film. Daveigh Chase takes over the role of Sara, which was originally played by Michaela Gallo in the previous two films.

It was also the final film of the original series, as the 2008 film, Beethoven's Big Break was a reboot of the character.
EP300
Histone acetyltransferase p300 also known as p300 HAT or E1A-associated protein p300 (where E1A = adenovirus early region 1A) also known as EP300 or p300 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the EP300 gene. It functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription of genes via chromatin remodeling by allowing histone proteins to wrap DNA less tightly. This enzyme  plays an essential role in regulating cell growth and division, prompting cells to mature and assume specialized functions (differentiate), and preventing the growth of cancerous tumors. The p300 protein appears to be critical for normal development before and after birth.

The EP300 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the human chromosome 22 at position 13.2. This gene encodes the adenovirus E1A-associated cellular p300 transcriptional co-activator protein.

EP300 is closely related to another gene, CREB binding protein, which is found on human chromosome 16.

Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe.

In some species, the offspring is precocial and can move around almost immediately after birth but in others, it is altricial and completely dependent on parenting.

In marsupials, the fetus is born at a very immature stage after a short gestation and develops further in its mother's womb  pouch.

It is not only mammals that give birth. Some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates carry their developing young inside them. Some of these are ovoviviparous, with the eggs being hatched inside the mother's body, and others are viviparous, with the embryo developing inside their body, as in the case of mammals.
2011 Bucyrus 200
The 2011 Bucyrus 200 presented by Menards was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held on June 25, 2011, at Road America in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin. The race was the 16th of the 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 2nd iteration of the event. Michael McDowell won the pole for the race and led the most laps but the race featured a crazy and controversial finish as Reed Sorenson won the race in the end as the race became a wreckfest towards the end.

Reed Sorenson
Bradley Reed Sorenson (born February 5, 1986) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and spotter. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 27 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE for Premium Motorsports, the Nos. 74/77 Camaro for Spire Motorsports, and the No. 7 Camaro for Tommy Baldwin Racing. As of 2024, he works as a spotter for Kaulig Racing's No. 11 of Josh Williams in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Sorenson began competing in NASCAR in 2004 as a Busch Series driver; he has four wins in the series. His first Cup start came in 2005 before moving to a full schedule the following year.
Martin Albertsen
Martin Albertsen (born 10 April 1974) is a Danish handball coach.

He qualified the Swiss team for their first international competition at the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship in North Macedonia, Slovenia and Montenegro. Despite the qualification, they were eliminated in the preliminary round.

In 2002 and 2004 he won the Danish Women's Handball League with Viborg HK, as his first professional coaching job. Albertsen also won the Handball-Bundesliga Frauen in 2006 and with SG BBM Bietigheim in 2017 and 2019. He also qualified the Bietigheim team for the 2016–17 Women's EHF Cup final.

Kvindeligaen (handball)
The Kvindeligaen (English: women's league) is the top professional league for Danish women's handball clubs. It is administered by the Danish Handball Federation, and the winners are recognized as Danish champions. The league was previously called Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons. It has previously been known as HTH GO Ligaen, Primo Tours Ligaen, Boxer Dameligaen, TOMS Ligaen and GuldBageren Ligaen. The current title holder is Odense Håndbold (2025). The European Handball Federation (EHF) ranks the Danish league 4th in the coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past seasons.
Lake Mattoon
Lake Mattoon is a 1,050-acre (4.2 km2) reservoir located in Coles County, Illinois, Cumberland County, Illinois, and Shelby County, Illinois. Almost three-quarters of the lake, 765 acres (3.10 km2), is located in Shelby County. The reservoir was built to supply  tap water to Mattoon, Illinois and Neoga, but also provides fishing and boating recreation. The lake is 4 miles (6.4 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide.

The lake is owned by the city of Mattoon. Boaters must buy a permit to use the lake. There is no power limit on the lake, which welcomes waterskiers. The lake is stocked with bass, bluegill, catfish, and crappie. The nearest Interstate access is Exit 177 on Interstate 57.

A large Reliant Energy electricity generating plant stands adjacent to the lake.

Coles County, Illinois
Coles County is a county in Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,863. Its county seat is Charleston, which is also the home of Eastern Illinois University.

Coles County is part of the Charleston–Mattoon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
The Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed site, officially named the Hudson-Meng Education and Research Center, is a fossil site located in the Oglala National Grassland of Sioux County, Nebraska 20 miles northwest of Crawford.  It contains the 10,000-year-old remains of up to 600 bison.

Open seasonally, the site features a visitor center with interpretive exhibits and views of the bones. Guided tours are available.

The Bison Trail to Toadstool Geologic Park is a 3-mile hike.

Crawford, Nebraska
Crawford is a city in Dawes County, Nebraska, United States, in the Great Plains region. As of the 2020 census, Crawford had a population of 840. It was incorporated in 1886 and was named for the late Captain Emmet Crawford, who had been stationed at nearby Fort Robinson.
Roman Wall Blues
Roman Wall Blues is the first solo album by Alex Harvey made after the Soul Band, and his time in the Hair pit band. This album was released in 1969 and contains one song from Hair ("Donna"), plus some Harvey originals, ("Midnight Moses", "Roman Wall Blues" and "Hammer Song"); that he later re-record with The Sensational Alex Harvey Band. The title track was a couplet sonnet by W.H. Auden about the life of a Roman soldier.

The album was recorded at Philips Studio, London.

Sonnet
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word sonetto (lit. 'little song', from the Latin word sonus, lit. 'sound'). Originating in 13th-century Sicily, the sonnet was in time taken up in many European-language areas, mainly to express romantic love at first, although eventually any subject was considered acceptable. Many formal variations were also introduced, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit – and even of rhyme altogether in modern times.
Porbandar Airport
Porbandar Airport (IATA: PBD, ICAO: VAPR) is a domestic airport and an Indian Navy base serving the city of Porbandar in the state of Gujarat, India. The airport had direct flights to Ahmedabad, Delhi and Mumbai since the 1980s, all of which were discontinued in 2020. After a brief period of inactivity, the airport restarted operations in March 2025 with daily direct flights to Mumbai operated by SpiceJet, which was operated before until 2019 and 2021. Apart from civilian operations, it has a military presence in the form of INAS 343 of the Indian Navy and CGAE Porbandar of the Indian Coast Guard. A new terminal building was opened in April 2008.

Indian Coast Guard
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is a maritime law enforcement and search and rescue agency for India with jurisdiction over its territorial waters, including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. It was started in February 1977 and formally established in August 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India. It operates under the Ministry of Defence.

The ICG works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs), and the Coastal Police of the State Police Forces, and the Central Armed Police Forces.