hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qazi Altaf Hussain
Lieutenant Colonel Qazi Altaf Hussain (1920–1999) served in the British Indian Army later taking up a place in the Army of Pakistan. He advanced to various positions of leadership during his military career, serving as lieutenant colonel of the 11 Frontier Force Regiment, commandant of the Zhob Militia in Quetta, Pakistan, and commander of a regiment in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. He was forced to retire as a lieutenant colonel, instead of advancing to general, as a result of his short-tempered, frank and outspoken nature.

John Bagot Glubb
Sir John Bagot Glubb KCB CMG DSO OBE MC KStJ KPM (16 April 1897 – 17 March 1986), also known as Glubb Pasha (Arabic: كلوب باشا) and Abu Hunaik (by the Jordanians), was a British military officer who led and trained Transjordan's Arab Legion between 1939 and 1956 as its commanding general. He served in World War I, the Ikhwan revolt, World War II and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Hawk Creek (Minnesota)
Hawk Creek is a 62.0-mile-long (99.8 km) tributary of the Minnesota River in Kandiyohi, Chippewa, and Renville counties, Minnesota, United States. It begins at the outlet of Foot Lake in Willmar and flows southwest, passing the cities of Raymond, Clara City, and Maynard.  Turning south, it reaches the Minnesota River 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Granite Falls.

One of Hawk Creek's tributaries is called the Chetamba Creek/River between Maynard, Sacred Heart, and Granite Falls.

"Hawk Creek" is an English translation of the native Sioux language name.

Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Kandiyohi County (/ˌkændiˈjoʊhaɪ/ KAN-dee-YOH-hy) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, its population is 43,732. As of November 20, 1871, its county seat is Willmar.

Kandiyohi County comprises the US Census Bureau's "Willmar, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area".
2025 Geneva Open – Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Hubert Hurkacz in the final, 5–7, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–2) to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Geneva Open. It was his 100th career ATP Tour singles title, joining Jimmy Connors and Roger Federer as the third man in the Open Era to win 100 career singles titles. Aged 38 years and two days old, Djokovic was the third-oldest man to win an ATP Tour singles title (behind Gaël Monfils and Federer).

Casper Ruud was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Kyabetsu Tarō
Kyabetsu Tarō (Japanese: キャベツ太郎; Tarō being a common Japanese male first name) is a Japanese snack food made by the Kadō (菓道) company of Ibaraki Prefecture. It consists of balls of corn about 3 cm in diameter flavoured with small pieces of nori and Japanese brown sauce. It is a relatively low-cost snack aimed at children. It is sold in two bag sizes, a 20-yen and a 100-yen bag. The package shows a frog wearing a policeman's hat. Kyabetsu Tarō is widely listed among the most popular snacks in Japan.

Nori
Nori (Japanese: 海苔) is a dried edible seaweed used in Japanese cuisine, usually made from species of the red algae genus Pyropia, including P. yezoensis and P. tenera. It has a strong and distinctive flavor, and is generally made into flat sheets and used to wrap rolls of sushi or onigiri (rice balls).

The finished dried sheets are made by a shredding and rack-drying process that resembles papermaking. They are sold in packs in grocery stores for culinary purposes. Since nori sheets easily absorb water from the air and degrade, a desiccant is needed when storing nori for any significant time.

Nori—despite not being cultivated by humans until the 1600s—has been popular since the pre-modern era in Japan, having been used as currency, offerings at shrines, and food since the 700s.
Narrows Dam and Power Plant Complex
Narrows Dam and Power Plant Complex is a national historic district located at Badin, Stanly County, North Carolina. The district encompasses one contributing building and two contributing structures in the company town of Badin.  The dam and power plant were built in 1917 by Alcoa to support the Badin plant.  At the time of its completion, the Narrows Dam was the world's highest overflow type dam.  The Narrows power plant is a one-story building nine bays wide with a gable roof and six-foot raised monitor roof.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Stanly County, North Carolina
Stanly County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,504. Its county seat is Albemarle.

Stanly County comprises the Albemarle, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined Statistical Area.
Oleksandr Avramenko
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Avramenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Авраменко; born 22 March 1999) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Ukrainian Premier League club Metalist Kharkiv.

In 2020, he tried out for the Spanish club CD Lugo.

CD Lugo
Club Deportivo Lugo is a Spanish football team based in Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded on 8 July 1953, it plays in Primera Federación – Group 1, holding home games at Estadio Anxo Carro.
Powfoot
Powfoot is a coastal village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland that lies on the northern shore of the Solway Firth.

It is located approximately 4 miles south west of the town of Annan and approximately 1.5 miles south east of the neighbouring village of Cummertrees. The Pow water, a local river runs through the village.

Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
Annan (/ˈænən/ AN-ən; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Anainn) is a town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Historically part of Dumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, and a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying the window tax.

Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia.  Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.
Doubt
Doubt is a mental state in which the mind remains suspended between two or more contradictory propositions, and is uncertain about them. Doubt on an emotional level is indecision between belief and disbelief. It may involve uncertainty, distrust or lack of conviction on certain facts, actions, motives, or decisions. Doubt can result in delaying or rejecting relevant action out of concern for mistakes or missed opportunities.

Fact
A fact is a true datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement by experiments or other means. Generally speaking, facts are independent of belief, knowledge and opinion. 
Facts are different from inferences, theories, values, and objects.

For example, "This sentence contains words." accurately describes a linguistic fact, and "the Sun is a star" describes an astronomical fact. Further, "Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States" and "Abraham Lincoln was assassinated" are both historical facts.
Foreman College and Career Academy
Foreman College and Career Academy formerly, Foreman High School), is a public four-year high school located in the Portage Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Foreman is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. Established in 1928, the school is named in the honor of a Chicago banker and civic leader, Edwin G. Foreman.

Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools (CPS; administratively referred to by the state of Illinois as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons) is a public school district in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

It is the fourth-largest school district in the United States (after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County). CPS students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter, magnet, and selective enrollment schools.

As of 2023, CPS has 634 schools, including 477 elementary schools and 157 high schools; of which 514 were district-run, 111 were charter schools, 7 were contract schools, and 2 were SAFE schools.

CPS is led by a chief executive officer, an alternative title for the position of superintendent in most other public school systems.
6-MeO-RU-28306
6-MeO-RU-28306, or 6-methoxy-RU-28306, also known as 4,α-methylene-5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4,α-methylene-5-MeO-DMT), is a serotonin receptor modulator and a cyclized tryptamine and partial ergoline. It is the 6-methoxy derivative of RU-28306 (4,α-methylene-DMT) and a cyclized derivative of 5-MeO-DMT. The drug showed affinity for the serotonin-labeled serotonin 5-HT1 receptors and spiperone-labeled serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in rat frontal cortex membranes in vitro (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 96 nM and 1,756 nM, respectively). 6-MeO-RU-28306 robustly reduced hypothalamic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and increased circulating corticosterone levels in rodents in vivo, which are both measures of serotonin receptor agonist activity. The chemical synthesis of 6-MeO-RU-28306 has been described. 6-MeO-RU-28306 was first described in the scientific literature by 1988.

Spiperone
Spiperone, also known as spiroperidol and sold under the brand name Spiropitan ((JP)) is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone family related to haloperidol. It is approved for clinical use in Japan as a treatment for schizophrenia.
Peter Salovey
Peter Salovey (/ˈsæləveɪ/; born February 21, 1958) is an American social psychologist and former academic administrator. He served as the 23rd president of Yale University from 2013 to 2024. He previously served as provost of Yale University from 2008 to 2013, dean of Yale College from 2004 to 2008, and dean of Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences from 2003 to 2004. Salovey is one of the early pioneers in emotional intelligence.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Eastern Trough Area Project
57°24′54″N 2°15′22″E﻿ / ﻿57.415°N 2.256°E﻿ / 57.415; 2.256
The Eastern Trough Area Project, commonly known as ETAP, is a network of nine smaller oil and gas fields in the Central North Sea covering an area up to 35 km in diameter.  There are a total of nine different fields, six operated by BP and another three operated by Shell, and together, they are a rich mix of geology, chemistry, technology and equity arrangements.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Mathurin-Joseph Fordos
Mathurin-Joseph Fordos (3 November 1816 – 1 July 1878) was a French pharmaceutical chemist who was the first to examine what he named as pyocyanin, the blue pigment in pus produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was the first natural phenazine to be described. He also collaborated with Louis Daguerre and is thought to have been involved in producing one of the first photographs in 1837 of the Pont Neuf in Paris.

Phenazine
Phenazine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)2N2. It is a dibenzo annulated pyrazine, and the parent substance of many dyestuffs, such as the toluylene red, indulines, and safranines (and the closely related eurhodines). Phenazine crystallizes in yellow needles, which are only sparingly soluble in alcohol. Sulfuric acid dissolves it, forming a deep-red solution.
Donald Fagen
Donald Jay Fagen (born January 10, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and musician who is the co-founder, lead singer, co-songwriter, and keyboardist of the rock band Steely Dan, formed in the early 1970s with musical partner Walter Becker. In addition to his contributions to Steely Dan, Fagen has released four solo albums, beginning with The Nightfly in 1982, which was nominated for seven Grammys.

In 2001, Fagen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Steely Dan. Following Becker's death in 2017, Fagen continues to tour using the band name.

Grammy Award for Album of the Year
The Grammy Award for Album of the Year is an award presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales, chart position, or critical reception." Album of the Year is the most prestigious category at the Grammy Awards and is one of the general field categories that have been presented annually since the 1st Annual Grammy Awards in 1959 alongside Best New Artist, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year.
Rudolf Eklöw
Rudolf Eklöw (15 January 1904 - 29 September 1986, in Stockholm) was a sports journalist, association football referee, and 
Swedish sports manager. He is known for writing under his pseudonym: "The R" (Swedish: "R:et").

Eklöw served as an international referee, at  major competitions from 1935 to 1939. His work included, three games at the 1935 Baltic Cup of football, one game in football at the 1936 Summer Olympics, three games at the 1936 Baltic Cup of football, and two games at the Nordic Football Championship.

Eklöw was made an honorary member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1976. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1999, and inducted into the Swedish Hockey Hall of Fame in 2012.

Nordic Football Championship
The Nordic Football Championship (Danish: Nordisk Mesterskab, Norwegian: Nordisk Mesterskap, Swedish: Nordiska Mästerskapet, Finnish: Pohjoismaiden-mestaruusturnaus, commonly abbreviated NM or PM) was an international football competition contested by the men's national football teams of the Nordic countries. In the first tournament played 1924–1928, only Denmark, Norway and Sweden competed, but Finland joined for the second tournament, and at the last tournament played in 2000–2001, Iceland and the Faroe Islands also competed.
Larcher
Larcher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Larcher

Francisco Larcher, the current Argentine Subsecretary of Intelligence

Gérard Larcher (born 1949), French politician, former President of the Senate

Michelle Larcher de Brito (born 1993), Portuguese tennis player

Pierre Henri Larcher (1726–1812), French classical scholar and archaeologist

Rolf Larcher (born 1934), Swiss rower who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics

Serge Larcher (born 1945), member of the Senate of France, representing the island of Martinique

Thomas Larcher (born 1963), Austrian composer and pianist

Christian Larcher
Christian Larcher (born 15 September 1953, in Charmois-l'Orgueilleux, Lorraine, France) is a French scouting leader, who served as the International Commissioner of the Scouts et Guides de France for many years. He also assumed the interim post of Delegate General following the departure of Catherine Larrieu in 2016.

In 2015, Larcher was awarded the 345th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Larcher is married and lives in Lagny, Île-de-France, France.
Dzwonkowice
Dzwonkowice [d͡zvɔnkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Nowy Kawęczyn, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Skierniewice, and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Mount Torckler
Mount Torckler (66°52′S 52°44′E﻿ / ﻿66.867°S 52.733°E﻿ / -66.867; 52.733) is a mountain 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Smethurst and 28 nautical miles (50 km) southwest of Stor Hanakken Mountain in Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1957 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.M. Torckler, a radio officer at Wilkes Station in 1961.

Wilkes Station
Wilkes Station is a former Australian Antarctic research station. It was established in January 1957 by the United States in Antarctica. It was taken over by the Australian Antarctic Division on 7 February 1959. Environmental difficulties at this site lead to it being abandoned in 1969, with the Australians establishing a new base, Casey Station. The old base is still awaiting remediation, with contamination left at the site threatening to affect the environment.
Məmmədsabir
Məmmədsabir (also, Mammadsabir) is a municipality and village in the Sharur District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. Its population engaging in growing vegetables. There are secondary school, club, library and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 967.

Sharur District
Sharur District (Azerbaijani: Şərur rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the districts of Kangarli, Sadarak, as well as the Vayots Dzor and Ararat provinces of Armenia and the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Sharur. As of 2020, the district had a population of 117,600.
Congress Dances
Congress Dances is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Erik Charell and starring Lilian Harvey, Conrad Veidt and Henri Garat. It was an English-language version of the German film Der Kongreß tanzt. A separate French-language version Le congrès s'amuse was also made. It is centered on the Congress of Vienna, where an Austrian commoner is mistaken for the Tsar of Russia.

It was made at the Babelsberg Studio near Berlin. The film's sets were designed by Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig.

It was remade in Austria in 1955 as The Congress Dances

Erik Charell
Erich Karl Löwenberg (8 April 1894 – 15 July 1974), known as Erik Charell, was a German theatre and film director, dancer and actor. He is best known as the creator of musical revues and operettas, such as The White Horse Inn (Im weißen Rössl) and The Congress Dances (Der Kongress tanzt).
4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-F) is a fluorogenic, amine labeling dye that is not fluorescent itself,  but covalently reacts with secondary or primary amines to form a fluorescently labeled product. It and other fluorogenic benzofurans (i.e. NBD-Cl) are used for derivitization in HPLC applications. After the fluorogenic reaction, it can be detected with an excitation wavelength of 470 nm (blue) and an emission wavelength of 530 nm (green), enabling an HPLC limit of detection of 10 fmol.

Detection limit
The limit of detection (LOD or LoD) is the lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quantity to be determined (or extracted) from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical significance. However, the exact threshold (level of decision) used to decide when a signal significantly emerges above the continuously fluctuating background noise remains arbitrary and is a matter of policy and often of debate among scientists, statisticians and regulators depending on the stakes in different fields.
Bacterial colony optimization
The bacterial colony optimization algorithm is an optimization algorithm which is based on a lifecycle model that simulates some typical behaviors of E. coli bacteria during their whole lifecycle, including chemotaxis, communication, elimination, reproduction, and migration. The bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) is a biologically inspired swarm intelligence optimization approach that mimics bacteria's foraging activity to gather the most energy available throughout the search phase. Since its introduction in 2002, it has garnered widespread interest from scholars.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
George Martinez (American football)
George Martinez (born August 5, 1961) is an American football coach and former player. He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma Panhandle State University in 1988 and at Northwestern Oklahoma State University from 1989 to 1991, compiling a career college football coaching record of 11–28. He currently serves as a football coach at Agua Fria High School in Avondale, Arizona.

Oklahoma Panhandle State University
Oklahoma Panhandle State University (OPSU, informally Panhandle State or simply Panhandle) is a public college in Goodwell, Oklahoma. OPSU is a baccalaureate degree-granting institution. General governance of the institution is provided by the Board of Regents of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges. Academic programs and financial support are authorized and coordinated through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education.