hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of C Sharp and Java
This article compares two programming languages: C# with Java. While the focus of this article is mainly the languages and their features, such a comparison will necessarily also consider some features of platforms and libraries.

C# and Java are similar languages that are typed statically, strongly, and manifestly. Both are object-oriented, and designed with semi-interpretation or runtime just-in-time compilation, and both are curly brace languages, like C and C++.

Execution (computing)
In computing, execution is the process by which a computer program is processed to perform the actions that it encodes. As the processor follows the program instructions, effects are produced in accordance with the semantics of those instructions. The term run is generally synonymous. The act of starting execution is often called launching or invoking in addition to executing and running.

An execution processor comes in many forms. A machine code program may be executed via the programmable interface of a computer where execution involves repeatedly following a fetch–decode–execute cycle for each program instruction executed by the control unit. Source code may be executed by interpreter software. A program may be executed in a batch process without human interaction or a user may type commands in an interactive session.
1998 du Maurier Open – Men's singles
Patrick Rafter defeated Richard Krajicek in the final, 7–6,(7–3), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Canadian Open. Rafter became the first tennis player in 10 years in winning the tournament without dropping a set, after Ivan Lendl did the same achievement in 1988.

Chris Woodruff was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year due to an 8-month injury.

Doug Flach
Doug Flach (born August 10, 1970) is a former tennis player from the United States.

Flach won two doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on March 21, 1994, when he reached World No. 108. He defeated Andre Agassi (seeded third) in the first round at Wimbledon in 1996 but lost in the third round. He also defeated Agassi in 1997 at Washington, D.C.

Additionally, Flach had career wins over Ivan Lendl, Pat Rafter, Gustavo Kuerten, and Thomas Johansson. Flach won two doubles titles: one with Paul Annacone and the other with Sandon Stolle. He retired in 1999.

Flach was an All-American at the University of Tennessee in 1990.  His older brother Ken was a prominent tour doubles player in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Empis borealis
Empis borealis is a species of dance flies in the fly family Empididae. It is found in most of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula, the Baltic Region and the Iberian Peninsula. The brown wings of the female are very broad, while the male fly’s wings are narrower.

This particular species of fly exhibits sex-role reversal in its mating process, with female flies aggregating in swarms to compete for male choice. Female fly swarms change their flying behavior in the presence of males, who present nuptial gifts to females before mating.

Nuptial gift
A nuptial gift is a material presentation to a recipient by a donor during or in relation to sexual intercourse that is not simply gametes, which increases the reproductive fitness of the donor.  Often, such a gift will improve the fitness of the recipient as well. Gifts can be neutral, costly, or beneficial to the fitness of the donor and recipient.

Nuptial gifting is at the intersection of sexual selection, nutritional ecology, and life history theory, creating a link between the three.
Sendai Tōshōgū
Sendai Tōshōgū (仙台東照宮) is the memorial shrine of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Five of its buildings, all dating to 1654, have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The torii and gates were damaged in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Op. 46
In music, Op. 46 stands for Opus number 46. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Arnold – Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra

Beethoven – Adelaide

Bruch – Scottish Fantasy

Chopin – Allegro de concert

Diaghilev – The Prodigal Son

Dvořák – Slavonic Dances

Elgar – Concert Allegro

Fauré – Clair de lune

Granados – Allegro de concierto

Hennessy – String Quartet No. 1

Hindemith – Kammermusik

Holmboe – String Quartet No. 1

Kabalevsky – Piano Sonata No. 3

Milhaud – String Quartet No. 4

Onslow – 3 String Quartets

Oswald – String Quartet No. 4

Rubinstein – Violin Concerto

Schoenberg – A Survivor from Warsaw

Schumann – Andante and variations for two pianos

Sibelius – Pelléas et Mélisande, theatre score and suite (1905, arranged 1905)

Szymanowski – King Roger

Ullman – String Quartet No. 3

Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra (Arnold)
The Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra, Opus 46, is a concerto featuring a harmonica soloist, written by English composer Malcolm Arnold. The piece was composed in 1954 for the American harmonica virtuoso Larry Adler, and was premiered on August 14, 1954, at the Royal Albert Hall, with accompaniment by the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
The concerto has a duration of nine minutes and is cast in three movements:
GROWL
GROWL is an international education network for degrowth formed by academics, practitioners, researchers and political activists. One central aim of the network is to promote collective action across initiatives related to degrowth (e.g. Transition Towns, agroecology, Solidarity economy, DIY among other "nowtopias"), in order to reduce the atomization and dispersal of initiatives that hinder their capacity to scale up and present a solid alternative to the dominant economic paradigm.

Collective action
Collective action  refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective. It is a term that has formulations and theories in many areas of the social sciences including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and economics.
Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands
Japan evacuated its civilian population and military forces from Karafuto (Sakhalin) and the Chishima (Kuril) islands, to the northwest of the Japanese main islands, in the final months of the Pacific theater of World War II.

Paramushir
Paramushir (Russian: Парамушир, romanized: Paramushir; Japanese: 幌筵島, romanized: Paramushiru-tō) is a volcanic island in the northern portion of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It is separated from Shumshu by the very narrow Second Kuril Strait in the northeast 2.5 km (1.6 mi), from Antsiferov by the Luzhin Strait (15 km (9.3 mi)) to the southwest, from Atlasov in the northwest by 20 km (12 mi), and from Onekotan in the south by the 40 km (25 mi) wide Fourth Kuril Strait. Its northern tip is 39 km (24 mi) from Cape Lopatka at the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Severo-Kurilsk, the administrative center of the Severo-Kurilsky district, is the only permanently populated settlement on Paramushir island.
2025 African Youth Games
The 2025 African Youth Games were the 4th edition of the African multi-sport event, the African Youth Games. The award to Angola, as the first Portuguese-speaking host, was announced on 29 April 2025.

The games took place from 10 to 20 December 2025, in 33 sports in Luanda, Benguela, Lubango, Huambo, Moçâmedes and Caxito.

Huambo
Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa (English: New Lisbon), is the third-most populous city in Angola, after the capital city Luanda and Lubango, with a population of 595,304 (2014) in the city and a population of 836,293 in the municipality of Huambo (Census 2024). The city is the capital of the province of Huambo and is located about 220 km E from Benguela and 600 km SE from Luanda. Huambo is a main hub on the Caminho de Ferro de Benguela (CFB) (the Benguela Railway), which runs from the port of Lobito to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's southernmost province, Katanga. Huambo is served by the Albano Machado Airport (formerly Nova Lisboa Airport).
Kollhøin
Kollhøin is a mountain in Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,925-metre (6,316 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 43 kilometres (27 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of the village of Beitostølen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Nautgardstinden to the northeast, Styggehøi to the northwest, Surtningssue to the west, Gloptinden to the southwest, Besshøe to the south, and Besseggen and Veslfjellet to the southeast.

Beitostølen
Beitostølen is a village in Øystre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at an elevation of about 900 meters (3,000 ft) above mean sea level on the southern edge of the Valdresflye mountain plateau. The villages of Skammestein and Hegge lie about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast of Beitostølen. The lake Øyangen lies a short distance to the southwest of the village. The Norwegian County Road 51 runs through the village.

The 1.08-square-kilometre (270-acre) village has a population (2024) of 342 and a population density of 317 inhabitants per square kilometre (820/sq mi).
Norrländsk uppslagsbok
Norrländsk uppslagsbok (shortened NU) is a Swedish scholarly encyclopedia on the land Norrland in northern Sweden.

The encyclopedia was issued in the years 1993–1996, at first by the publishing house Bra Böcker (Good Books) according to its model, the Nationalencyklopedin, and with Kari Marklund as chief editor. Production of the encyclopedia was made in cooperation with Umeå University.

As of the second volume, the publishing was taken over by Norrlands Universitetsförlag and Lars-Erik Edlund became editor-in-chief.
Foundation for the Promotion of Knowledge about Norrland (Swedish: Fonden för främjande av kunskap om Norrland) was responsible for the remaining volumes, a foundation made up by Umeå University, the former Högskolan i Luleå, former Mitthögskolan and former Högskolan i Gävle/Sandviken as well as Royal Skyttean Society, Folkuniversitetet and Kempestiftelserna.

People's University of Amsterdam
The People's University of Amsterdam, also known as Volks Universiteit Amsterdam or Folk University, is a course centre for adults in Amsterdam. Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam was founded in 1913 and has multiple study centres in Amsterdam. Since 2016, the Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam has been working together with the Amsterdam Public Library (Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam).
Sheelagh Islands
Sheelagh Islands is a group of small islands lying 4.8 km (3 mi) south of Cape Kolosov, near the mouth of Amundsen Bay in Enderby Land. They were possibly the site of the landing from an aircraft by Riiser-Larsen on December 22, 1929. An ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party landed on them on February 14, 1958. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for the wife of R.H.J. Thompson, Administrative Officer of the Antarctic Division and second-in-command of the expedition.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
James L. Ackerson
James L. Ackerson (1881-1931) was a United States Navy officer and naval constructor.  He served as the general  manager, vice president and trustee of the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp in 1918.

After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1901, Ackerson started serving in the Construction Corps. He then completed a naval architecture course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1906. After this, he was appointed to the Brooklyn Navy yard and later transferred to the Bureau of Construction and Repair. He was then loaned to the Shipping Board during World War II.

Ackerson died on September 13, 1931.

The SS James L. Ackerson was named after him.

Bureau of Construction and Repair
The Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R) was the part of the United States Navy which from 1862 to 1940 was responsible for supervising the design, construction, conversion, procurement, maintenance, and repair of ships and other craft for the Navy. The bureau also managed shipyards, repair facilities, laboratories, and shore stations.

On 20 June 1940, Congress passed a law which consolidated the Bureau's functions with those of the Bureau of Engineering (BuEng), creating the Bureau of Ships (BuShips).
The Secret of My Success (song)
"The Secret of My Success" is a song performed by Night Ranger from their album Big Life as well as on the soundtrack to the 1987 comedy film, The Secret of My Success.

The star of the film, Michael J. Fox, was the person to request the band to write and record the song.  It reached No. 12 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the U.S. The song was nominated for the Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Original Song in 1988, but lost to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life," the central theme of Dirty Dancing, played by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. The video for the song featured Vince Neil, Tommy Lee and "Weird Al" Yankovic acting as a horn section.

Bill Medley
William Thomas Medley (born September 19, 1940) is an American singer best known as one of the Righteous Brothers.  He is noted for his bass-baritone voice, exemplified in songs such as "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'". Medley produced a number of the duo's songs, including "Unchained Melody" and "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration".

Medley is also a solo artist. His million-selling No. 1 duet with Jennifer Warnes, "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" (1987), won a number of awards. In the 1980s, Medley also had a string of country music chart hits.
Campsicnemus popeye
Campsicnemus popeye is a species of carnivorous fly described in 2013. It was discovered from the Society Islands in French Polynesia. The species is named after the famous cartoon character Popeye the Sailor Man because of the enlarged tibia (which are like the bulging forearms of Popeye). The species is in fact among a group of six new species described as "Popeye flies". The specimen was collected in 2006 during an expedition to Tahiti.

Society Islands
The Society Islands are an archipelago in Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. Politically, the islands are part of French Polynesia, an semi-autonomous part of France. The largest and most populous island is Tahiti. Other major islands are Moʻorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine.
Alva C. Smith
Alva Cornwall "Ollie" Smith (November 1, 1871 – October 4, 1941) was an American college football player and coach. Born in Cleveland, Smith attended high school at Cleveland's Central High School.

Smith played football at Case School of Applied Science—now known as Case Western Reserve University as a quarterback from 1891 to 1894.  Smith captained the Case football team the two seasons, including the undefeated 1893 Case football team.  He majored in chemistry and was a member of Zeta Psi fraternity.

Smith coached at Case for three seasons, from 1896 to 1898, compiling a record of 10–10. He has a 2–1 record against Ohio State and a 2–1 mark against rival Western Reserve.

He drowned at Narragansett, Rhode Island on October 4, 1941.

Narragansett, Rhode Island
Narragansett is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 14,532 at the 2020 census. However, during the summer months the town's population more than doubles to near 34,000. The town of Narragansett occupies a narrow strip of land running along the eastern bank of the Pettaquamscutt River (aka Narrow River) to the shore of Narragansett Bay on the Atlantic Ocean. It was separated from South Kingstown in 1888 and incorporated as a town in 1901. With several ocean beaches and a walkable strip along the ocean front, Narragansett is a resort area in the summer season as well as a popular East Coast surfing spot due to frequent southerly swells from Atlantic Ocean.

For geographic and demographic information on the village of Narragansett Pier, which is part of Narragansett, see the article on Narragansett Pier.
Maria Berenice Dias
Maria Berenice Dias (born 1948 in the city of Santiago, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a Brazilian judge and the first woman to take the bench in her home state of Rio Grande do Sul. Dias obtained her Post Graduate Degree and Master in Civil Proceeding from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul.

Dr. Dias also was the first woman to become a justice of the state highest Court of Appeals. She is the presiding justice over the Seventh Panel of Judges of the state highest Court of Appeals; the quorum of judges assembles in Porto Alegre, the state capital. Dr. Dias' own specialty is the area of family law. She was selected and she accepted the title of ambassador of the First World Outgames in 2006 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS) is a private non-profit Catholic university. With campuses in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre and Viamão, it is the largest private university of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the first university founded by the Catholic religious institute of the Marist Brothers. PUCRS is considered the best private university of Brazil's Southern Region by the Ministry of Education (MEC), and one of the best private universities in the country, with FGV, PUC-Rio and the PUC-SP.
Bath Road, London
Bath Road, London is an 1897 Impressionist painting by the French artist Camille Pissarro with a scene of the new garden suburb of Bedford Park near Chiswick, noted for its distinctive Queen Anne Revival architecture. It depicts the view from 62 Bath Road where the artist's son Lucien Pissarro had moved with his family the previous year. The woman and child playing in the front garden are Lucien's wife Esther and daughter Orovida. At this time Camille had returned to a more orthodox form of impressionism.

Today it is on the collection of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

Ashmolean Museum
The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology (/æʃˈmoʊliən, ˌæʃməˈliːən/) on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677. It is also the world's second university museum, after the establishment of the Kunstmuseum Basel in 1661 by the University of Basel.

The present building was built between 1841 and 1845. The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment, and in November 2011, new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled. In May 2016, the museum redisplayed galleries of 19th-century art.
Government Model College Deithor
Government Model College Deithor is situated in Deithor(Labanghat -Deithor Road)near Deopahar Numaligarh in the Bokajan Legislative assembly of Karbi Anglong district of Assam in India.The College is just 1.2km away from the NH39. It is the second government college after Diphu Government College and first Model Degree College of Karbi Anglong district established under Rastriya Uchahtar Siksha Abhiyan (RUSA) of the Directorate of Higher Education, Government of Assam. It is affiliated to Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh,Assam.

Karbi Anglong district
Karbi Anglong district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of Assam. It is an autonomous district administered by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) according to the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the constitution of India. The district headquarters is in Diphu.
Slovakia national badminton team
The Slovakia national badminton team (Slovak: Slovenské národné bedmintonové mužstvo) represents Slovakia in international badminton team competitions. The Slovakian team used to compete as part of Czechoslovakia. The national team was formed after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and after the formation of the Slovak Badminton Federation.

Slovakia competed in the Sudirman Cup until 2019. The national team competes in the European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships.

Sudirman Cup
The Sudirman Cup is an international badminton mixed team competition contested by member countries of the Badminton World Federation, the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1989. It used to be held at the same venue for the World Championships in the same year until the International Badminton Federation, now the BWF, decided to split the two tournaments starting from 2003. There are five matches in every Sudirman Cup tie which consists of men and women's singles, men and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The cup is named after Sudirman (1922–1986), a former Indonesian badminton player. The current champion is China, which won its 14th title at the 2025 tournament in China.

There is no prize money in Sudirman Cup; players play for their respective countries and to earn BWF World Ranking points and national prestige.
1998 US Open – Women's doubles
Defending champion Jana Novotná and her partner Martina Hingis defeated the other defending champion Lindsay Davenport and her partner Natasha Zvereva in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1998 US Open. They did not drop a single set en route to the title. With the win, Hingis became the third woman in the Open Era to complete a Grand Slam in doubles, after Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver. Additionally, Hingis and her partners defeated Davenport/Zvereva in all four major finals in 1998.

Jana Novotná
Jana Novotná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjana ˈnovotnaː]; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a Czech professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 2 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in 1997, and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 67 weeks. Novotná won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998, and was runner-up in three other singles majors. She also won twelve major women's doubles titles (completing a double career Grand Slam), four major mixed doubles titles, and three Olympic medals. Novotná played a serve and volley game, an increasingly rare style of play among women during her career.