hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skipper Island
Skipper Island (Norwegian: Skipperøya) is one of the Rønnbeck Islands in the Svalbard archipelago. It lies northeast of Cape Weyprecht on Spitsbergen. The island is a low basalt cliff and its highest point is less than 10 meters (33 ft) above sea level. The closest neighboring islands are Qvale Island about 2.4 kilometers (1.5 mi) to the east and Torkildsen Island about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) to the southwest. The wildlife consists largely of polar bears.

The Rønnbeck Islands are named after Norwegian seal hunters, and this one is named after skippers in general.

Cape Weyprecht
Cape Weyprecht (Norwegian: Kapp Weyprecht) is a headland in the northeast part of Spitsbergen in Svalbard, in the area known as Olav V Land.

The cape is named after Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian officer and polar explorer. Together with Julius von Payer, he led the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition that discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873. Weyprecht himself was never on Svalbard.

About 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) east of Cape Weyprecht lie Mack Island, Torkildsen Island, and Isaksen Island, all part of the Rønnbeck Islands.
Situation Vacant
Situation Vacant is a 1946 detective novel by the British writer Cecil Street, writing under the pen name of Miles Burton. It was the thirty fourth entry in a lengthy series of books featuring the detective Desmond Merrion and Inspector Arnold of Scotland Yard. As with much of the series it takes place in rural England.

Cecil Street
Cecil John Charles Street OBE MC (3 May 1884 – 8 December 1964), also known as John Street, was a major in the British Army and a crime fiction novelist.

He began his military career as an artillery officer and during World War I, he became a propagandist for MI7. During the Irish War of Independence, he acted as an Information Officer for Dublin Castle alternating between Dublin and London and working closely with the British official Lionel Curtis. He later earned his living as a prolific writer of detective novels written under several pseudonyms including John Rhode, Miles Burton and Cecil Waye.
Art Directors Guild
The Art Directors Guild (ADG; IATSE Local 800) is a labor union and local of the International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees (IATSE) representing 3,278 motion picture and television professionals in the United States and Canada.

The ADG's sponsored activities include the annual ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards, the professional quarterly news magazine Perspective, an art gallery called Gallery 800, technology training programs, and a film society.

Matte painting
A matte painting is a painted representation of a landscape, set, or distant location that allows filmmakers to create the illusion of an environment that is not present at the filming location. Historically, matte painters and film technicians have used various techniques to combine a matte-painted image with live-action footage (compositing). At its best, depending on the skill levels of the artists and technicians, the effect is seamless and creates environments that would otherwise be impossible or expensive to film. In the scenes, the painting part is static while movements are integrated on it.
Moseley, Virginia
Moseley is an unincorporated area in Powhatan and Chesterfield counties in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is located to the west of the metropolitan Richmond area.

The United States Post Office for the community is located at 21431 Hull Street Road, with a ZIP code of 23120.

The community still has farms, some of which have established tourist activities such as pick-your-own-fruits and -vegetables and seasonal events. The privately owned Metro Richmond Zoo is located here and has operated year round on its 70-acre facility since 1995. (It was closed for a period during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.)

Many upper-middle class communities have been built in this formerly rural area since the late 20th century, such as Magnolia Green, Summer Lake, Westerleigh and FoxFire. It is bordered to the east by the census-designated place of Woodlake.

Woodlake, Virginia
Woodlake is a census-designated place in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 7,319. The suburban community is located on the western shore of Swift Creek Reservoir.
Common raven physiology
The common raven (Corvus corax), also known as the northern raven, is a large, all-black passerine bird. Found across the Northern Hemisphere, it is the most widely distributed of all corvids. Their Northern range encompasses Arctic and temperate regions of Eurasia and North America, and they reach as far South as Northern Africa and Central America. The common raven is an incredibly versatile passerine to account for this distribution, and their physiology varies with this versatility. This article discusses its physiology, including its homeostasis, respiration, circulatory system, and osmoregulation.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Battle of Gettysburg, third day cavalry battles
On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 3, 1863) there were two cavalry battles: one approximately three miles (5 km) to the east, in the area known today as East Cavalry Field, the other southwest of the [Big] Round Top mountain (sometimes called South Cavalry Field).

The East Cavalry Field fighting was an attempt by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry to get into the Federal rear and exploit any success that Pickett's Charge may have generated. Union cavalry under Brig. Gens. David McM. Gregg and George Armstrong Custer repulsed the Confederate advances.

In South Cavalry Field, after Pickett's Charge had been defeated, reckless cavalry charges against the right flank of the Confederate Army, ordered by Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick, were easily repulsed, resulting in the death of Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth.

Wesley Merritt
Wesley Merritt (June 16, 1836 – December 3, 1910) was an American major general who served in the cavalry of the United States Army during the American Civil War, American Indian Wars, and Spanish–American War. Following the latter war, he became the first American Military Governor of the Philippines.
1999 Prokom Polish Open
The 1999 Prokom Polish Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Sopot, Poland that was part of the Tier III  category of the 1999 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the Prokom Polish Open and took place from 12 July until 18 July 1999. Third-seeded Conchita Martínez won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.

Magdalena Grzybowska
Magdalena Grzybowska (born 22 November 1978) is a former tennis player from Poland.

Grzybowska, born in Poznań, won the juniors singles competition at the 1996 Australian Open.

She also competed for Poland in the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, where she lost in the first round.

Until her knee injury in 1998, she managed a rather successful career, culminating in the 30th position in the cumulative WTA rankings for that year, the highest standing for a Polish woman until Agnieszka Radwańska.

She retired in 2002 at age 24.

Playing for Poland Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 8–10.

After having retired from tennis, she completed her university studies in Paris, and she is working as a tennis commentator for Eurosport in Warsaw, Poland.
Leslie Adams (composer)
Harrison Leslie Adams Jr. (December 30, 1932 – May 24, 2024) was an American composer. His works have been performed by the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra, Iceland Symphony Orchestra, Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, and Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, and commissioned by the Cleveland Orchestra, Ohio Chamber Orchestra, Cleveland Chamber Symphony, and the Center for Black Music Research, among others. Metropolitan Opera artists have performed his vocal works internationally. He has also received composition awards from the National Association of Negro Women and the Christian Arts National Competition for Choral Music. Adams is best known for writing music for voice (including choral music, art songs, vocal solos, and music drama) but has also written numerous purely instrumental compositions. Adams's music is composed largely within the tradition of Western classical music and also incorporates elements unique to African-American music.

Cleveland Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.  Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".  The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Music Center. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.
Alexander S. Wiener
Alexander Solomon Wiener (March 16, 1907 – November 6, 1976) was an American biologist and physician, specializing in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics.  His work led to the discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Karl Landsteiner, and subsequently to the development of exchange transfusion methods that saved the lives of infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn. He received a Lasker Award for his achievement in 1946.

Forensic medicine
Forensic medicine is a vague term used to describe a group of medical specialties which deal with the examination and diagnosis of individuals who have been injured by or who have died because of external or unnatural causes such as poisoning, assault, suicide and other forms of violence, and apply findings to law (i.e. court cases). Forensic medicine is a multi-disciplinary branch which includes the practice of forensic pathology, forensic psychiatry, forensic odontology, forensic radiology and forensic toxicology. There are two main categories of forensic medicine; Clinical forensic medicine; Pathological forensics medicine, with the differing factor being the condition of the patients. In clinical forensic medicine it is the investigation of trauma to living patients, whereas pathological forensic medicine involves the examination of traumas to the deceased to find the cause of death.
Brewster Homestead
The Brewster Homestead is a historic house at 306 Preston Road (Connecticut Route 164) in Griswold, Connecticut, built about 1740 and one of the oldest buildings in the town.  The house was owned by six generations of the Brewster family, and originally was the centerpiece of a farmstead of 250 acres (100 ha).  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 by Ron and Kate Bauer.

Connecticut Route 164
Route 164 is a minor state highway in southeastern Connecticut, United States, running from Route 2 in Preston through the village of Preston City to Route 138 in Griswold just south of the borough of Jewett City.
Passaggio, Bettona
Passaggio is a frazione of the comune of Bettona in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 202 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 896 inhabitants.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Kirstein
Kirstein is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Georg Heinrich Kirstein (1858–1921), German Roman-catholic bishop in Mainz

Lincoln Kirstein (1907–1996), American writer, impresario, art connoisseur and cultural figure

Louis E. Kirstein (1867–1942), American businessman and philanthropist.

Peter Kirstein
Peter T. Kirstein (1933–2020), British computer scientist
Petrus Kirstenius (1577–1640) German physician and orientalist

Roland Kirstein (born 1965), German economist

Rosemary Kirstein, American writer

Petrus Kirstenius
Petrus Kirstenius, latinised form of Peter Kirstein (25 December 1577 – 5 April 1640, age 62) was a physician and orientalist.

He was born in Breslau (today Wrocław, Poland). He studied medicine at Jena, Basel and was the principal of a high school in Wrocław. He held the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy. Kirstenius was interested in Oriental languages, and founded an Arabic printer of his own publishing an Arabic grammar book. Later he lived in Prussia but was invited by Axel Oxenstierna to become a personal physician of Queen Christina of Sweden and professor of medicine at Uppsala University in 1636. Petrus Kirstenius died in Uppsala.

His son Johan Peter Kirstenius (1617–1682) was a fortification officer and court engineer in Sweden.
SS Connemara
SS Connemara was a twin screw steamer, 272 feet (83 m) long, 35 ft (11 m) broad and 14 ft (4.3 m) deep with a gross register tonnage of 1,106. She sank on the night of 3 November 1916 at the entrance to Carlingford Lough, County Louth, Ireland after being hit amidships by the collier Retriever. 97 people died that night with only one survivor – a fireman on Retriever. The captain of Connemara was Captain G. H. Doeg. The captain of Retriever was Patrick O'Neill. Both men were experienced seamen and the incident was attributed to the atrocious weather conditions on the night.

County Louth
County Louth (/laʊð/ LOWDH; Irish: Contae Lú) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough. It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous, with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022. The county is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county.
Philip Silver
Philip Silver (1910–1999), of New York City, was a philatelist who specialized in the field of air mail stamps, known as aerophilately. He studied air mail stamps and postal history, and wrote extensively on the subject.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas
The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas is an encyclopedia edited by Lynn Pan, originally published in 1998 by Landmark Books Pte. Ltd. and Editions Didier Millet in Singapore. It was published on behalf of the Chinese Heritage Centre, a subsidiary of the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations. It was later published in 1998 in the United Kingdom by Curzon Books, and in 1999 in the United States by Harvard University Press.

Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations
The Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations (traditional Chinese: 新加坡宗鄕會館聯合總會; simplified Chinese: 新加坡宗乡会馆联合总会; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Zōngxiāng Hùiguǎn Liánhé Zǒnghùi; SFCCA) is an umbrella organisation for ethnic Chinese clan associations in Singapore.
Sir John Ellerman, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Reeves Ellerman, 2nd Baronet (21 December 1909 – 17 July 1973) was an English shipowner, natural historian and philanthropist. The only son and heir of the English shipowner and investor John Ellerman, he was often said to be Britain's richest man. His sister was the writer Bryher.

Bryher (novelist)
Annie Winifred Ellerman (2 September 1894 – 28 January 1983), known by the pen name Bryher, was an English novelist, poet, memoirist, magazine editor, and a member of the Ellerman ship-owning family.

She was a major figure of the international set in Paris in the 1920s, using her fortune to help many struggling writers. With her lover H.D. and the Scottish writer Kenneth Macpherson, she launched the film magazine Close Up, which introduced Sergei Eisenstein’s work to British viewers. From her home in Switzerland, she helped to evacuate Jews from Nazi Germany, and then became an historical novelist.
Thomas Steu
Thomas Steu (born 9 February 1994) is an Austrian luger. At the 2022 Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the open doubles event with Lorenz Koller and a silver medal in the team relay event.

Steu finished fourth in the doubles event with Lorenz Koller at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Doubles
The doubles luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 14 February 2018 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. Tobias Wendl and Tobias Arlt, the defending champions, repeated their 2014 success and won gold medals. Peter Penz and Georg Fischler became second, and Toni Eggert third Sascha Benecken. Wendl and Arlt were also first in both runs, Penz and Fischler second in both runs, and Eggert and Benecken third in both runs. For Penz, Fischler, Eggert, and Benecken these were their first Olympic medals. The 2014 bronze medalists, Andris Šics and Juris Šics, were ninth in the first run and fourth in the second run, which was only sufficient for the fifth place overall.
Vilma Reyes
not to be confused with Honduran politician and dentist Vilma Reyes Escalante.

Vilma Reyes Díaz (born 1958) is a Puerto Rican poet. She has served as a teacher of Spanish language and has chaired the International Poetry Festival in Puerto Rico (Festival Internacional de Poesía en Puerto Rico) since 2010. She has been an influence on young Puerto Ricans in literary creation by offering free workshops for children and youth poetry and has published several books as a result of that work.

Loja, Ecuador
Loja (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlo.xa]), formerly Loxa and fully City of the Immaculate Conception of Loja (Spanish: Ciudad de la Inmaculada Concepción de Loja), is the capital of Ecuador's Loja Province. It is located in the Cuxibamba valley in the south of the country, sharing borders with the provinces of Zamora-Chinchipe and other cantons of the province of Loja. Loja holds a rich tradition in the arts, and for this reason is known as the Music and Cultural Capital of Ecuador. The city is home to two major universities.

The city has a population of about 203,000, and is situated 2060 m (6758 ft) above sea level. It has a mild Andean climate, ranging between 16 and 30 °C.

The Pan-American Highway runs past Loja.
Metallic silhouette shooting
Metallic silhouette shooting is a group of target shooting disciplines that involves shooting at steel targets representing game animals at varying distances, seeking to knock the metal target over. Metallic silhouette is shot with large bore rifles fired freehand without support out to 500 meters, and with large bore handguns from the prone position with only body support out to 200 meters. Competitions are also held with airguns and black-powder firearms. A related genre is shot with bow and arrow, the metal targets being replaced with cardboard or foam. The targets used are rams, turkeys, pigs, and chickens, which are cut to different scales and set at certain distances from the shooter depending on the specific discipline.

6mm BR
The 6mm BR / 6.2x39mm is a centerfire cartridge created for benchrest shooting. The cartridge is also known as the 6mm Bench Rest or simply 6 BR, and has also developed a following among varmint hunters because of its efficiency. There are two basic variants of very similar dimensions, known as the 6mm BR Remington and the 6mm Norma BR.
Brierdene
Brierdene  or Brier Dene is a small valley through which the Brierdene Burn flows down to its mouth at Whitley Bay. The valley was partly occupied by a coal mine in the past of which very little is now visible. Part of the valley is now the Brierdene Community Green Space and the Brierdene Wildlife Site. 
The site is now home to more than 1000 identified organisms and includes an ecologically diverse meadow and is a designated Site of Nature Conservation Importance. Much of work of transforming the valley into a wildlife refuge was undertaken by a voluntary group - the Friends of Brierdene. This work earned them a Queens Award for Voluntary Service.

The name Brierdene was also used for a railway station built in 1914 but which was never brought into use.

In April 2016 a new housing development at Backworth was started and adopted the name of Brierdene.

The King's Award for Voluntary Service
The King's Award for Voluntary Service, previously known as The Queen's Award for Voluntary Service, is an annual award given to groups in the voluntary sector of the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies. Until 2022, awardees were announced in the London Gazette on 2 June each year, the anniversary of the coronation of Elizabeth II. Starting in 2023, the awards have been announced on 14 November, Charles III's birthday.

The award is equivalent to the MBE and is the highest award that can be made to a voluntary group. The award is managed by the UK Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
Austin Clarke (novelist)
Austin Ardinel Chesterfield "Tom" Clarke, CM OOnt (July 26, 1934 – June 26, 2016), was a Barbadian novelist, essayist, and short story writer who was based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Among his notable books are novels such as The Polished Hoe (2002), memoirs including Membering (2015), and two collections of poetry, Where the Sun Shines Best (2013) and In Your Crib (2015).

Commonwealth Foundation prizes
Commonwealth Foundation has presented a number of prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was composed of two prizes: the Best Book Prize (overall and regional) was awarded from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book prize was awarded from 1989 to 2011. In addition the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was awarded from 1996 to 2011.

Beginning in 2012, Commonwealth Foundation discontinued its previous awards and created a new cultural initiative called Commonwealth Writers, which offered two new awards: the Commonwealth Book Prize for the best first book, in which regional winners received £2,500 and the overall winner received £10,000; and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for the best short stories, in which regional winners received £1,000 and the overall winner received £5,000. After two years, the Book Prize was discontinued. The Short Story Prize remains the sole award from Commonwealth Writers.