hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Craig Fleisher
Craig S. Fleisher is a scholar, advisor and author who has written or edited several books on public affairs, business, and competitive intelligence and analysis. Before becoming Dean of the Business School at the College of Coastal Georgia, he was awarded two endowed research chair positions while a Professor of Business (Strategy & Environment) at the Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. His research addresses the areas of business and competitive intelligence, corporate public affairs (government relations and lobbying), and performance management and measurement. Since 2011 Dr. Fleisher has served as the Chief Learning Officer of Aurora WDC, a 20+ year old professional services firm (PSF) headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Adviser
An adviser or advisor is normally a person with more and deeper knowledge in a specific area and usually also includes persons with cross-functional and multidisciplinary expertise. An adviser's role is that of a mentor or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-specific consultant. An adviser is typically part of the leadership, whereas consultants fulfill functional roles.

The spellings adviser and advisor have both been in use since the 16th century. Adviser has always been the more usual spelling, though advisor has gained frequency in recent years and is a common alternative, especially in North America.
Hely's Grave
Hely's Grave is a heritage-listed grave at 559 Pacific Highway, Wyoming, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Verge and built in 1836. The property is owned by the Central Coast Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Dinnieh clashes
The Dinnieh fighting (Arabic: اشتباكات الضنية)
(30 December 1999 – 6 January 2000) involved the Sunni Islamist group Takfir wa al-Hijra and the Lebanese Army fighting for eight days in the mountainous Dinnieh region, east of the northern Lebanese port of Tripoli.

Over a period of several days, an estimated 13,000 Lebanese army troops backed by tanks and artillery swiftly defeated the group of 200–300 rebels, driving isolated bands of surviving guerrillas into remote areas of north Lebanon. The Lebanese army reported a total of 12 soldiers killed in action, while 25 rebels were killed and 55 captured.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
2025 Miami Grand Prix
The 2025 Miami Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2025) was a Formula One motor race that was held on May 4, 2025, at the Miami International Autodrome in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It was the sixth round of the 2025 Formula One World Championship and the second of six Grands Prix in the season to utilise the sprint format.

Kimi Antonelli of Mercedes took sprint pole position for the event. Lando Norris of McLaren won the sprint ahead of his teammate Oscar Piastri and Lewis Hamilton of Ferrari. Verstappen took pole for the Grand Prix. Piastri won the Grand Prix ahead of Norris and Antonelli's teammate George Russell. This would be the final race in F1 for Alpine driver Jack Doohan, as he would be replaced by the team's reserve driver Franco Colapinto before the following Emilia Romagna Grand Prix.

UTC−04:00
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.

It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., in Canada and the United States) during daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time.

It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
Zion (Hillsong United album)
Zion is the third studio album by Australian contemporary worship music band Hillsong United. It was released on 22 February 2013 for Australia, and was released by 26 February 2013 internationally, under Hillsong Music and Sparrow Records. Production for the album began in March 2011 in Sydney, Australia. Michael Guy Chislett and band member Joel Houston oversaw production of the album, with the latter serving as executive producer.

Two singles were released to promote the album: "Scandal of Grace" on 5 February 2013, and "Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)" on 10 September 2013.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Photothermal therapy
Photothermal therapy (PTT) refers to efforts to use electromagnetic radiation (most often in infrared wavelengths) for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer. This neurotherapy is an extension of photodynamic therapy, in which a photosensitizer is excited with specific band light. This activation brings the sensitizer to an excited state where it then releases vibrational energy (heat), which is what kills the targeted cells.

Unlike photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy does not require oxygen to interact with the target cells or tissues. Current studies also show that photothermal therapy is able to use longer wavelength light, which is less energetic and therefore less harmful to other cells and tissues.

Polypyrrole
Pyrrole can be polymerised electrochemically.

Polypyrrole (PPy) is an organic polymer obtained by oxidative  polymerization of pyrrole. It is a solid with the formula H(C4H2NH)nH. It is an intrinsically conducting polymer, used in electronics, optical, biological and medical fields.
All or Nothing: Brazil National Team
All or Nothing: Brazil National Team is an Amazon Original docuseries as part of the All or Nothing brand. In the series, Brazil national football team's progress was charted through their winning campaign at the 2019 Copa América.

The show premiered on 31 January 2020.

2019 Copa América
The 2019 Copa América was the 46th edition of the Copa América, the international men's association football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It was held in Brazil and took place between 14 June and 7 July 2019 at 6 venues across the country. This was the first time since 1991 where no CONCACAF nation took part in the tournament.

Heading into the tournament, Chile were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2015 and 2016 editions of the tournament, but were eliminated by Peru in the semi-finals leading to the third place match against Argentina, which they also lost.

Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final. Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
Fabrice Reuperné
Fabrice Reuperne (born September 18, 1975) is a Martiniquais former footballer.

Reuperne played for the Martinique national football team at the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup finals, helping the team reach the quarterfinals.
At the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup he scored the winning goal against Canada in Martinique's opening match, a long range blast in the 93rd minute.

Martinique national football team
The Martinique national football team (French: Équipe de Martinique de football) represents Martinique (French overseas department) in men's international football and is controlled by the Ligue de Football de la Martinique (English: Martinique Football League), the local branch of the FFF. It has been a member of CONCACAF since 1964 (as an associate member) and obtained full membership in 2013. Regionally, it is also a member of CFU.

The association is not a member of FIFA. On 7 August 2010, the team adopted the nickname Les Matinino, which pays tribute to the history of the island.
Sean Kerrigan
Sean Kerrigan (born 5 July 2002) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder most recently for League of Ireland Premier Division club Galway United. He previously played for AFC Ann Arbor and Salem City in America's USL League Two.

Sligo Rovers F.C.
Sligo Rovers Football Club is an Irish professional football club playing in the League of Ireland Premier Division. The club is based in Sligo in the west of Ireland.

The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934. The club is a co-operative venture, owned by the people of Sligo. Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception. In 2013, they won a third FAI Cup in four years, and also became the 2012 Premier Division Champions, winning the league with two games to spare. In total, they have won three league titles, five FAI Cups and two League Cups.
2017–18 Spartan South Midlands Football League
The 2017–18 Spartan South Midlands Football League season was the 21st in the history of Spartan South Midlands Football League, a football competition in England.

The constitution for Step 5 and Step 6 divisions for 2017–18 was announced on 26 May 2017. Following a few amendments, the constitution for the Spartan South Midlands League was ratified at the league's AGM on 24 June 2017.

Spartan South Midlands Football League
The Spartan South Midlands Football League is an English football league covering Hertfordshire, northwest Greater London, central Buckinghamshire and southern Bedfordshire. It is a feeder to the Southern Football League or the Isthmian League, and consists of five divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), and two for reserve teams (Reserve Division One and Reserve Division Two).

The Premier Division is at step 5 (or level 9) and Division One at step 6 (level 10) of the National League System (NLS) respectively. Division Two, at level 11, and the reserve divisions are not part of the NLS.
59th Ōza
The 59th Ozā was the 2011 iteration of one of the big seven professional Go tournaments held in Japan. Beginning on 13 January 2011, the preliminary tournament began with a single knockout round of 16 players. The winner of the preliminary tournament, Hane Naoki, then faced the previous year's title-holder, Taiwanese Go player Cho U, over 3 days of play, resulting in 0-3 in favour of U.

Cho U
Cho U (simplified Chinese: 张栩; traditional Chinese: 張栩; pinyin: Zhāng Xǔ; Wade–Giles: Chang Hsu; born on 20 January 1980) is a Taiwanese professional Go player. He currently ranks 6th in the most titles won by a Japanese professional; his NEC Cup win in 2011 put him past his teacher Rin Kaiho and Norimoto Yoda. Cho is the first player in history to have held five of the top seven major titles simultaneously with Iyama Yuta being the second. Cho U, Naoki Hane, Keigo Yamashita and Shinji Takao make up the group of players in Japan called the "Four Heavenly Kings". His wife is one of Japan's best female go professionals, Izumi Kobayashi, the great Kitani's granddaughter and daughter of Kobayashi Koichi.
2025 deaths in the United States
The following notable deaths in the United States occurred in 2025. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order.
A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Name, age, country of citizenship at birth and subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, year of birth (if known), and reference.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Töpperschloot
TheTöpperschloot is a canal in the area of Poggenkrug, Willen, in the district Wittmund in East Frisia . It rises at the Bundesstraße 210 and flows approximately 1200 feet south-southeast into the Poggenkruger Leide.

East Frisia
East Frisia (/ˈfriːʒə/) or East Friesland (/ˈfriːzlənd/; German: Ostfriesland; East Frisian Low Saxon: Oostfräisland; Saterland Frisian: Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia and to the west of Landkreis Friesland.

Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts Aurich, Leer and Wittmund, and the city of Emden. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of 3,142 square kilometres (1,213 sq mi).

There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln). From west to east, these islands are Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog.
Wistanswick
Wistanswick (/wɪstənzwɪk/ WISS-tənz-wik) is a small village, located in the parish of Stoke upon Tern in Shropshire, England. It is located in a rural area approximately five miles south of Market Drayton just off the A41. The village contains a public house (pictured right) and a URC chapel.

Market Drayton
Market Drayton is a market town and civil parish on the banks of the River Tern in Shropshire, England. It is close to the Cheshire and Staffordshire borders. It is located between the towns of Whitchurch, Wem, Nantwich, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Newport and the city of Stoke on Trent. The town is on the Shropshire Union Canal and bypassed by the A53 road.
Vipera darevskii
Vipera darevskii, known as Darevsky's viper, is a small species of viper, a venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to northwestern Armenia, northeastern Turkey, and possibly also adjacent southern Georgia. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

Viperinae
Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, Vipera berus, even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous.

The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers", and "true adders" all refer to this group.
Grassengrat
The Grassengrat is a multi-summited mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Obwalden and Uri in Central Switzerland. It lies on the range between the Titlis and the Gross Spannort. The main summit has an elevation of 2,941 metres and is named Stössenstock.

Uri Alps
The Uri Alps (also known as Urner Alps, German: Urner Alpen) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss).

The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass. The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part, which culminates on Titlis, has lower summits but greater extent.
John T. Davies (politician)
John Thomas "Jack" Davies II (born January 6, 1932) is a Minnesota DFL politician, a former legislator and jurist, former Minnesota Court of Appeals judge, and a former President of the Minnesota Senate.

Davies served as a sports editor for KSTP-TV, and later earned a law degree from the University of Minnesota, eventually working as a professor at William Mitchell College of Law. Davies was first elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1959, and served until 1983. While in office, he served as chair of the judiciary committee, and as President of the Senate during his last term. In 1990, Davies was appointed to the Minnesota Court of Appeals by Gov. Rudy Perpich, a position he held until he retired in 2000.

William Mitchell College of Law
The William Mitchell College of Law was a private law school from 1956 to 2015 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. On December 9, 2015, the Hamline University School of Law and the William Mitchell College of Law were merged to form the Mitchell Hamline School of Law.

Before the 2015 merger, the law school was accredited by the American Bar Association, and offered full-time and part-time legal education in pursuit of the Juris Doctor degree.
Dwight Taylor (baseball)
Dwight Bernard Taylor (born March 24, 1960) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played during one season at the major league level for the Kansas City Royals. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 7th round of the 1981 amateur draft. Taylor, played his first professional season with their Class A Waterloo Indians in 1981, and split his last season between the Cincinnati Reds' Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts and Triple-A Nashville Sounds, in 1992.

Chattanooga Lookouts
The Chattanooga Lookouts are a Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League and the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. They are based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and are named for nearby Lookout Mountain. After the 2025 season, they will move to Erlanger Park. They played at Engel Stadium from 1930 through 1999, except in 1943, when they played at Montgomery, Alabama's Cramton Bowl.
Diatragacanth
In pre-modern medicine, the name diatragacanth was applied to certain powders that contain the natural gum tragacanth as its basis. There are two kinds: cold and hot.

Powder of cold diatragacanth is composed of the gums tragacanth and Arabic, liquorice, starch, white poppy seed, and the four great cold seeds (cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and melon). It was said to be good thicken, and soften the too sharp, and subtile serous humours occurring in the chest, to assuage coughs, and promote spitting.

Powder of hot diatragacanth is composed of gum tragacanth, cinnamon, hyssop, almonds, linseed, and fenugreek, liquorice, juice of liquorice, and ginger. It was said to be good against asthmas, to promote expectoration, strengthen the stomach, and assist in digestion.

Humorism
Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.

Humorism began to fall out of favor in the 17th century and it was definitively disproved with the discovery of microbes.
Ram Tahal Choudhary
Ram Tahal Choudhary (born 1942; Hindi pronunciation: [ɾaːm ʈəɦəl t͡ʃɔːd̪ʱ.ɾiː]) is an Indian politician,  Educationalist, philanthropist. He was a BJP member of the Lok Sabha from Ranchi in Jharkhand from 1991 to 2004, and then 2014 to 2019. He used to belong to Bharatiya Janata Party, but resigned from the party when he was denied a ticket for 2019 Lok Sabha polls. He contested from Ranchi as an independent in 2019 but polled less than 2.5% votes. He had earlier served as member of Bihar Legislative Assembly.

Ranchi University
Ranchi University is a public state university in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was established in 1960 by an Act of the Bihar legislature. Ranchi University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, M.Phil. and doctorate programs.
Castle Frome
Castle Frome is a village and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, and is 10 miles (16 km) north-east from the city and county town of Hereford. The closest large town is the market town of Bromyard, 5 miles (8 km) to the north. The Norman font in Castle Frome church is "one of the outstanding works of the Herefordshire school".

Bromyard
Bromyard is a town in the parish of Bromyard and Winslow, in Herefordshire, England, in the valley of the River Frome. It is near the county border with Worcestershire on the A44 between Leominster and Worcester. Bromyard has a number of traditional half-timbered buildings, including some of the pubs; the parish church is Norman. For centuries, there was a livestock market in the town.
Jargalant, Bayankhongor
Jargalant (Mongolian: Жаргалант), also known as Baidrag (Mongolian: Байдраг), is a sum (district) of Bayankhongor Province in southern Mongolia. It is bordered by Zag sum to the west, Gurvanbulag sum to the northwest, Khangai sum of Arkhangai province and Chuluut sum to the northeast, and Galuut and Bömbögör sums to the east and south, respectively.

The northern part of the district includes portions of the Untaa Yamaat mountain range. The eastern section features the Egi Pass, while the southern boundary lies approximately 2.7 km south of the southern shore of Davsan Lake. The western boundary is marked by the Zag River.

Jargalant sum is administratively divided into four bag (subdistricts): Nam Tolgoi bag, Ulziit Heights bag, Crossing Spring team, and Emeel Togol bag.

Khangai, Arkhangai
Khangai (Mongolian: Хангай) is a sum (district) of Arkhangai Province in central Mongolia. In 2009, its population was 2,926.

The territory is dominated by the Khangai Mountain Range, and is known for its vegetation. It includes several bio-zones including mountain and mountain steppe zones, and Siberian taiga forest. Species in the area include the elk, Siberian roe deer, wolf, fox, wild boar, ibex, lynx and brown bear.
Flora in the area, includes Iris tigridia.
2019 Tour de l'Avenir
The 2019 Tour de l'Avenir was the 56th edition of the Tour de l'Avenir, a UCI 2.NCup stage race for riders aged 23 or younger. The 1,036.2-kilometre (643.9 mi) race consisted of 10 stages. It started on 15 August in Marmande and concluded on 25 August in La Corbière, with Norwegian Tobias Foss winning the general classification.

Matteo Jorgenson
Matteo Jorgenson (/ˈdʒɔːrɡɪnsən/ JOR-ghin-sən; born July 1, 1999) is an American professional cyclist who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike. Known for his prowess in the mountains, he is the two-time defending winner of Paris–Nice.

Jorgenson was born in Walnut Creek, California,  grew up in Boise, Idaho and credits BYRDS (Boise Young Rider Development Squad) for his start in cycling.