hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Li Chengqi
Li Chengqi (Chinese: 李成器) (679 – January 5, 742), known as Wu Chengqi (Chinese: 武成器) during the reign of his grandmother Wu Zetian and as Li Xian (Chinese: 李憲) after 716, formally Emperor Rang (Chinese: 讓皇帝, literally, "the emperor who yielded"), was an imperial prince of the Tang dynasty who served as crown prince during the first reign of his father Emperor Ruizong, who yielded that position to his younger half-brother Li Longji (Emperor Xuanzong) during Emperor Ruizong's second reign. Li Chengqi had a number of children, including his oldest son, Li Jin, the Prince of Ruyang, who was called one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup by famous poet Du Fu.

According to historical records, Li Chengqi was close to his younger brother, Li Longji (later Emperor Xuanzong), and was never ambitious. Despite his never having been emperor, he was posthumously honored as an emperor by Emperor Xuanzong.

Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup
The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup or Eight Immortals Indulged in Wine (Chinese: 飲中八仙; pinyin: yǐnzhōng bāxiān) were a group of Tang dynasty scholars who are known for their love of alcoholic beverages. They are not deified and xiān ("immortal; transcendent; fairy") is metaphorical. The term is used in a poem by Du Fu, as well as in the biography of Li Bai in the New Book of Tang.

They appeared in Du's poem in the following order:

He Zhizhang (賀知章 Hè Zhīzhāng)

Li Jin (李璡 Lǐ Jìn)

Li Shizhi (李適之 Lǐ Shìzhi)

Cui Zongzhi (崔宗之 Cuī Zōngzhī)

Su Jin (蘇晉 Sū Jìn)

Li Bai (李白 Lǐ Bái)

Zhang Xu (張旭 Zhāng Xù)

Jiao Sui (焦遂 Jiaō Suì)
Juan Samorano
Juan Samorano (born 25 September 1981) is an Argentine para taekwondo practitioner. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 75 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan.

In 2019, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 75 kg event at the Parapan American Games held in Lima, Peru.

2019 Parapan American Games
The 2019 Parapan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Parapanamericanos de 2019), officially the VI Pan American Games and commonly known as the Lima 2019 ParaPan-Am Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee, which was held from August 23 to September 1, 2019 in Lima, Peru.
Rakugo
Rakugo (落語; literally 'story with a fall') is a form of Japanese verbal comedy, traditionally performed in yose theatres. The lone storyteller (落語家, rakugoka) sits on a raised platform, a kōza (高座). Using only a paper fan (扇子, sensu) and a small cloth (手拭, tenugui) as props, and without standing up from the seiza sitting position, the rakugo artist depicts a long and complicated comical (or sometimes sentimental) story. The story always involves the dialogue of two or more characters. The difference between the characters is depicted only through change in pitch, tone, and a slight turn of the head.

Tenugui
A tenugui (手拭い) is a traditional Japanese decorative towel made from a thin and light cotton. It dates back to the Heian period or earlier. By the Edo period, tenugui became what they are today; about 35 by 90 centimetres (14 by 35 in) in size, plain woven, and almost always dyed with plain color or some pattern. The long sides are finished with a selvage, while the short sides are left unfinished to allow fraying.

Tenugui are traditionally used, tied in a specific manner, as a sling to wrap and carry bento boxes. Similarly, they're used to wrap items such as bottles. They are also used as hand towels, and often as headbands, such as for Kendo. And they are widely used simply as souvenirs or decorations. Although tenugui were once used as dishcloths, today Western-style thick or terry cloth dishcloths have generally replaced tenugui for dishcloth use.
Range (statistics)
In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is the size or width of the narrowest interval which contains all the data.
It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as  the sample maximum and minimum). 
It is expressed in the same units as the data.

The range provides an indication of statistical dispersion. Robust measures of range include the interdecile range and the interquartile range.

Interval estimation
In statistics, interval estimation is the use of sample data to estimate an interval of possible values of a (sample) parameter of interest. This is in contrast to point estimation, which gives a single value.

The most prevalent forms of interval estimation are confidence intervals (a frequentist method) and  credible intervals (a Bayesian method). Less common forms include likelihood intervals, fiducial intervals, tolerance intervals, and prediction intervals. For a non-statistical method, interval estimates can be deduced from fuzzy logic.
Satala Aphrodite
The Satala Aphrodite is an over-life-sized head of a bronze Hellenistic statue discovered in Satala (classical Armenia Minor, present-day Sadak, Gümüşhane Province, Turkey). Probably created in the 2nd or 1st century BC in Asia Minor, it was acquired by the British Museum in 1873, a year after its discovery. It has been widely admired since its discovery and likened to the Aphrodite of Knidos by some scholars.

It is usually assigned to the Greek goddess Aphrodite, but has been associated with her Armenian equivalent Anahit, whose major temple was located not far from Satala. Consequently, head has been widely depicted in Armenian culture as a symbol of the country's pre-Christian heritage. Although not found in modern-day Armenia, there have been unsuccessful efforts to move the fragments to Armenia.

Gümüşhane Province
Gümüşhane Province (Turkish: Gümüşhane ili Romeika: Αργυρούπολη) is a province in northern Turkey, bordering Bayburt to the east, Trabzon to the north, Giresun and Erzincan to the west. Its area is 6,668 km2, and its population is 144,544 (2022). The population was 186,953 in 2000. Gümüşhane is the capital city of the province. The name Gümüşhane means silver house. The city has a rich mining (silver and bronze) history and was the source of exports for Trabzon. The current Governor is Alper Tanrısever, appointed in August 2023.
Whitcher
Whitcher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Whitcher (1917–1997), American baseball pitcher

Chase R. Whitcher (1876–1940), American architect

Frances Miriam Whitcher (1811–1852), American humorist

Mary Whitcher (c. 19th century), American Shaker born in Laurens (town), New York

Sarah Whitcher (b. 1779/80), missing person known for List of New Hampshire historical markers (251–275)

W.F. Whitcher, a notorious 19th century obsessed bibliomaniac

William Whitcher (1832–1910), English cricketer

Laurens, New York
Laurens is a town in Otsego County, New York, United States. The population was 2,424 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Laurens is in the southern half of the county, north of the City of Oneonta. There is also a village named Laurens, located in the town.
Op. 3
In music, Op. 3 stands for Opus number 3. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Bach – Organ concerto

Beethoven – String Trio

Berg – String Quartet

Britten – A Boy Was Born

Chopin – Introduction and Polonaise brillante

Dvořák – Symphony No. 1 in C minor "The Bells of Zlonice"

Gottschalk – La Savane

Handel – Concerti Grossi, Op. 3

Haydn – String Quartets, Op. 3

Kreisler – Tambourin Chinois

Mendelssohn – Piano Quartet No. 3

Myaskovsky – Symphony No. 1

Rachmaninoff – Morceaux de fantaisie

Rachmaninoff – Prelude in C-sharp minor

Rautavaara – A Requiem in Our Time

Schumann – Etudes After Paganini Caprices

Sibelius – "Arioso", art song (1911)

Stamitz – Symphony in D major, Op. 3, No. 2

Strauss – Wiener Carneval

Stravinsky – Scherzo fantastique

Tchaikovsky – The Voyevoda

Vivaldi – L'estro armonico

Zemlinsky – Clarinet Trio

Wiener Carneval
Wiener Carneval (Viennese Carnival), opus 3, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss I in 1828. The waltz was intended as a contribution to the carnival of 1828 Johann Strauss appeared as leader of a group of musicians at the balls at the Kettenbrücke in Leopoldstadt. The fourth waltz theme incorporates melodies from Carl Maria von Weber's Ocean aria from Oberon, with Rezia’s words Mein Hüon, mein Gatte, die Retter, sie nah’n (My Hüon, my husband, the rescuers approach), partly as a tribute to Weber, who had died not long before Strauss' waltz was composed.
Lidholm
Lidholm is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Lidholm (born 1982), Swedish footballer

Ingvar Lidholm (1921–2017), Swedish composer

Matt Benson-Lidholm (born 1952), Australian politician

Swedish name
In Sweden, a person must have a surname and one or more given names. Two given names are common. Surnames are inherited from the parents in the order of "same as elder sibling, if any, specified by parents, or mother's last name," and given names must be chosen by the parents at birth. The calling name (Swedish: tilltalsnamn), by which the person is normally identified in conversation, is one of the given names but not necessarily the first. In contexts in which the full name is spelled out, the calling name is often indicated by an asterisk, capital letters, underlining or italics. For example, Märta Birgit* Nilsson is known as Birgit Nilsson, and Björn* Kristian Ulvaeus is known as Björn Ulvaeus.
Aaron Sojourner
Aaron Sojourner is an American economist and senior researcher at the Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. He was formerly an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management and senior economist for the Council of Economic Advisers. His work has been widely covered by the media, particularly on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market in the United States.

Carlson School of Management
The Curtis L. Carlson School of Management is the business school of the University of Minnesota, a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota Carlson offers undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as an executive education program. It also offers dual degrees with the colleges and schools of public affairs, law, medicine, and public health.
Emmanuel Finkiel
Emmanuel Finkiel (born 30 October 1961 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French film director and actor.

Emmanuel Finkiel was born to a father who was born in France, whose parents and brother were rounded up in 1942 during the Vel d'Hiv roundup and then deported and killed in Auschwitz. His family came from Poland and one of his great-grandfathers was a rabbi.

He began his career in 1979 as an assistant director to Jean-Luc Godard, Krzysztof Kieslowski and Bertrand Tavernier. He initially worked as an assistant director for 16 years. His debut film, Voyages received Louis Delluc Prize and César Award for Best First Feature Film. Finkiel also received Prix Jean Vigo for his film Nulle part, terre promise. In 2019, he was nominated for César Award for Best Director and César Award for Best Adaptation for his film, Memoir of War.

César Award for Best First Film
The César Award for Best First Film (French: César du meilleur premier film) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma since 1982. It was originally named the César Award for Best Debut (César de la meilleure première œuvre in French) between 1982 and 1999, and  César Award for Best Debut in Fiction (César de la meilleure première œuvre de fiction) until 2005, when it has been renamed again in 2006 to its current name.
Katy Derbyshire
Katy Derbyshire is a British-born, Berlin-based translator and writer. Among the authors she has translated are: Clemens Meyer, Christa Wolf, Inka Parei, Helene Hegemann, Simon Urban, Rusalka Reh, Yangzom Brauen, Tilman Rammstedt, Francis Nenik, and Dorothee Elmiger.

Her translation of Bricks and Mortar by Clemens Meyer was long-listed for the 2017 Man Booker Prize and won the 2018 Straelener Prize for Translation. Derbyshire has also served on the jury of Germany's Internationaler Literaturpreis and the International Dublin Literary Award.

In addition, Derbyshire was instrumental in establishing the Warwick Prize for Women in Translation, awarded annually since 2017. She has also been a vocal supporter of the Women in Translation movement and the creation of Women in Translation Month.

Christa Wolf
Christa Wolf (German: [ˈkʁɪs.ta vɔlf] ⓘ; née Ihlenfeld; 18 March 1929 – 1 December 2011) was a German novelist and essayist. She is considered one of the most important writers to emerge from the former East Germany.
Earl Young (athlete)
Earl Verdelle Young (born February 14, 1941) is a retired American sprinter. He competed at the 1960 Olympics and won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 m relay setting a new world record at 3.02.2. He finished sixth in 400 m, in a time of 45.9 s that matched the former Olympic Record. At the 1963 Pan American Games, Young won gold medals in both 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relays.

He was Inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Hall of Fame, Class of 2015.

1963 Pan American Games
The 1963 Pan American Games, officially known as the IV Pan American Games (Portuguese: IV Jogos Pan-Americanos) and commonly known as São Paulo 1963, were held from April 20 to May 5, 1963, in São Paulo, Brazil.

The organization of the Pan American Games was led by Major Sylvio de Magalhães Padilha, a distinguished Olympic athlete who also served as President of the Brazilian Olympic Committee, Vice President of PanAm Sports (Panamerican Sports Organization), and Vice President of the International Olympic Committee.
Lars Bondeson
Lars Bondeson (1865-1908) was the stage name of Carl Jansson-Öhlin, who was one of the founders of Swedish bondkomik (rustic humor). Born in Örebro in 1865, he was a singer, storyteller, lyricist and music publisher. His songbooks were a  major influence on countless entertainers in Sweden and America.

Örebro
Örebro (/ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO; Swedish: [œrɛˈbruː] ⓘ) is the seventh-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Örebro Municipality, and capital of Örebro County. It is situated by the Närke Plain, near the lake Hjälmaren, a few kilometers inland along the small river Svartån, and has a population of approximately 126,000 in the city proper. It is one of the largest inland hubs of the country, and a major logistic and commercial operating site.

Örebro is home to Örebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset and Rynningeviken Nature Reserve adjacent to lake Hjälmaren.

Örebro is a trade and logistics city with a strategic location 200 km from Stockholm, 330 km from Oslo and 280 km from Gothenburg. The city is served by Örebro Airport 10 km (6 mi) southwest of the city, and by Örebro Central Station, serviced by the Mälaren Line and Western Main Line.
Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun
Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun (Arabic: معضمية القلمون) is a Syrian town in the Al-Qutayfah District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun had a population of 14,228 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Al-Qutayfah District
al-Qutayfah District (Arabic: منطقة القطيفة, romanized: manṭiqat al-Qutayfah) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of al-Qutayfah. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 119,283.
Maureen Lander
Maureen Robin Lander MNZM (born 1942 in Rawene) is a New Zealand weaver, multimedia installation artist and academic. Lander is of Ngāpuhi (Te Hikutu subtribe) and Pākehā (New Zealand European) descent and is a well-respected and significant artist who since 1986 has exhibited, photographed, written and taught Māori art. She continues to produce and exhibit work as well as attend residencies and symposia both nationally and internationally.

Te Tuhi
Te Tuhi, formerly known as Te Tuhi Centre for the Arts, Te Tuhi - The Mark, Te Tuhi Gallery and Pakuranga Arts Society is a public contemporary art gallery situated in Pakuranga, Auckland, New Zealand.

Managed by Te Tuhi Contemporary Art Trust and the Contemporary Art Foundation, Te Tuhi presents significant exhibitions and projects by New Zealand and international artists. Te Tuhi also serves as a focal point for the community as an events venue and meeting place for our many users and community groups in Pakuranga.
Park Sang-ki
Park Sang-ki (Korean: 박상기; born 1952) is a South Korean educator, jurist, prosecutor and politician who has served as the Minister of Justice from May 2017 to September 2019 under the cabinet of Moon Jae-in.

Ministry of Justice (South Korea)
The Ministry of Justice (MOJ; Korean: 법무부) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Government of South Korea that oversees the justice and legal affairs, protection of human rights, crime prevention and immigration control. It is headed by the minister of justice. The ministry contains organization and agency such as Supreme Prosecutors' Office of the Republic of Korea and Korea Correctional Service. It is headquartered in Building 1 of the Gwacheon Government Complex in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Established on July 17, 1948, the Ministry of Justice is the only ministry whose name has never been changed or altered in the history of the Republic of Korea.
Mizukagami
Mizukagami (水鏡, "The Water Mirror") is a Japanese rekishi monogatari. It is believed to have been written in the around the onset of the Kamakura period c. 1195.  It has been credited to Nakayama Tadachika or Minamoto Masayori, but the actual writer is unknown. It is the third book of the four mirror series.

It deals with the oldest time-period, starting with the legendary Emperor Jimmu and ending with Emperor Ninmyō.  It is told by a fictitious old woman who is visited by a bhikkhu while staying at Hase-dera. All the facts are taken from ca. 1150 Fusō Ryakuki (扶桑略記, "Brief History of Fusang") by Kōen, the teacher of Hōnen.

"Mizukagami" refers to the reflective pool in Japanese gardens in which can be seen such things as bridges and cherry blossoms in its reflection.

Emperor Jimmu
Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu Tennō; Japanese pronunciation: [dʑiꜜm.mɯ (ten.noː), dʑim.mɯ ten.noꜜː]) was the legendary first emperor of Japan according to the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki. His ascension is traditionally dated as 660 BC. In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo. He launched a military expedition from Hyūga near the Seto Inland Sea, captured Yamato, and established this as his center of power. In modern Japan, Emperor Jimmu's legendary ascension is marked as National Foundation Day on February 11.

There is no evidence to suggest that Jimmu existed, and he is regarded by most modern scholars as a legendary figure.
Lüshi Chunqiu
The Lüshi Chunqiu (simplified Chinese: 吕氏春秋; traditional Chinese: 呂氏春秋; lit. 'Lü's Spring and Autumn'), abbreviated Lülan 吕览 "Lu Survey", also known in English as Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, is an encyclopedic Chinese classic text compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of late pre-imperial Qin Chancellor Lü Buwei. In the evaluation of Michael Loewe, "The Lü shih ch'un ch'iu is unique among early works in that it is well organized and comprehensive, containing extensive passages on such subjects as music and agriculture, unknown elsewhere." One of the longest early texts, it extends to over 100,000 words.

Combining ideas from many different 'schools', it was traditionally classified as 'Syncretist', though there was no school that called itself Syncretist. Almost certainly written for review by Qin authorities, or those who were going to come into a position of authority, Yuri Pines considered it more moral leaning than the Strategies of the Warring States.

Edward N. Zalta
Edward Nouri Zalta (/ˈzɔːltə/; born March 16, 1952) is an American philosopher who is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University. He received his BA from Rice University in 1975 and his PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1981, both in philosophy. Zalta has taught courses at Stanford University, Rice University, the University of Salzburg, and the University of Auckland. Zalta is also the Principal Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Georg Niermann
Georg Niermann (born 8 March 1937) is a West German rower who represented the United Team of Germany. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome with the men's coxless four where they were eliminated in the round one repêchage. In 1958 he was rewarded with the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt.

United Team of Germany at the Olympics
The United Team of Germany (German: Gesamtdeutsche Mannschaft) was a combined team of athletes from West Germany and East Germany that competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Winter and Summer Olympic Games. In 1956, the team also included athletes from a third Olympic body, the Saarland Olympic Committee, which had sent a separate team in 1952, but in 1956 was in the process of joining the German National Olympic Committee. This process was completed in February 1957 after the admission of Saarland into West Germany.
The Final Revival of Opal & Nev
The Final Revival of Opal & Nev is a 2021 historical fiction novel by Dawnie Walton published by 37 Ink. It received the 2022 Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell First Novelist Award, the 2022 Aspen Words Literary Prize, and was nominated for the Women's Prize for Fiction.

Women's Prize for Fiction
The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It is awarded annually to a female author of any nationality for the best original full-length novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom in the preceding year. A sister prize, the Women's Prize for Non-Fiction, was launched in 2023.
First Yusuf Zuayyin Government
The First Yusuf Zuayyin Government ruled Syria from September 1965 to December 1965. The Cabinet of Syria led by then-Prime Minister Yusuf Zuayyin. This government was the 72nd since Syria gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. It was formed on 23 September 1965 by Decree No. 2128 and dissolved on 27 December 1965 by Decree No. 2836.

Deputy Prime Minister of Syria
The deputy prime minister of Syria (Arabic: نايب رئيس الوزراء في سوريا, romanized: Nayib Raʾīs al-wuzarāʾ fī Sūriyā), officially the vice president of the Council of Ministers of the Syrian Arab Republic, was a position in the Council of Ministers of Syria.

The deputy prime minister was the second highest-ranking member of the Council of Ministers, after the prime minister. In the previous semi-presidential system used under both Ba'athist Syria and the Syrian caretaker government, the prime minister was treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy prime minister was used to bring political stability and strength within a government or in times of national emergency when a proper chain of command was necessary. The post became vacant on 28 April 2022 and was formally abolished following the establishment of Syrian transitional government on 29 March 2025.