hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Geo-Politics of the City
The Geo-Politics of the City (ISBN 978-0-9554975-2-0) is a 2007 collection of essays exploring the City of London's financial markets and globalisation, edited by Stephen Barber and with a foreword by Peter Jay.

The book covers topics such as the geo-political economy of the city, the post-industrial world economy, the end of geography, London as a global city, terrorism, supra-national bonds, foreign exchange, corporate responsibility, the growth of India and China, and challenges to the city.

It includes contributions from Guler Aras, Alex Brassey, David Crowther, David Lascelles, Kathy Pain, Lauren Phillips, Andreas Prindl, Swati Raju, Sam Whimster and Richard Woodward.

Peter Jay (journalist)
Peter Jay (7 February 1937 – 22 September 2024) was an English journalist, broadcaster, and economist. He served as the British Ambassador to the United States from 1977 to 1979 during the prime-ministership of his father-in-law, James Callaghan.

After leaving public life, Jay became the founding chairman of the breakfast television station TV-am and was Chief of Staff to Robert Maxwell. He served as a governor of the Ditchley Foundation from 1982 to 1987 and as a non-executive director of the Bank of England from 2003 to 2009.
Lopsang Jangbu Sherpa
Lopsang Jangbu Sherpa (May 5, 1971 – September 25, 1996) was a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineering guide, climber and porter, best known for his work as the climbing Sirdar for Scott Fischer's Mountain Madness expedition to Everest in Spring 1996, when a freak storm led to the deaths of eight climbers from several expeditions, considered one of the worst disasters in the history of Everest mountaineering. Notwithstanding controversy over his actions during that expedition, Lopsang was well-regarded in the mountaineering community, having summited Everest four times. Lopsang was killed in an avalanche in September 1996, while again on an expedition to climb Everest for what would have been a fifth ascent.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Freetown, Orange County, Virginia
Freetown is a freedmen's town in Orange County, Virginia founded by formerly enslaved people, one of multiple Freetowns created in Central Virginia during the Reconstruction Era. One of the founders was Chester Lewis, who was born enslaved around 1830 on a plantation in Lahore, Virginia.

Village life was "communal", according to Phil Audibert. "Your child was everybody's child, and your parents were everybody's parents. If you borrowed a cup of sugar, you returned two." Life in the community was detailed by Edna Lewis in her 1976 The Taste of Country Cooking.

An annual Revival celebration is held in August at the Bethel Baptist Church in nearby Unionville. In 2024, an historical marker honoring Edna Lewis was installed at the site.

Unionville, Virginia
Unionville is an unincorporated community in Orange County, Virginia, United States. Unionville is 8 miles (13 km) east-northeast of Orange. Unionville has a post office with ZIP code 22567.

Orange Springs was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Henry Markham
Henry Harrison Markham (November 16, 1840 – October 9, 1923) was an American lawyer and Republican politician.  He was the 18th governor of California (1891–1895), and represented California's 6th congressional district during the 49th United States Congress (1885–1887).  Earlier in life, he served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.

California's 6th congressional district
California's 6th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. It is represented by Democrat Ami Bera.

Currently, the 6th district is entirely in Sacramento County and includes the north side of the city of Sacramento and its suburbs of Rosemont, Rancho Cordova, Citrus Heights, Rio Linda, Elverta, Arden-Arcade, Antelope, Foothill Farms, North Highlands, and most of Fair Oaks.

Prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission of 2021, the district included the entire city of Sacramento and some of its suburbs. The district was represented by Democrat Doris Matsui.
Paris by Night 81
Paris By Night 81: Âm Nhạc Không Biên Giới 2 is a Paris By Night program produced by Thúy Nga Productions that was filmed at the Terrace Theater at the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center in California on Saturday, January 21, 2006, the first show of 2006. It is a direct continuation of Paris By Night 62: Âm Nhạc Không Biên Giới, that was released at the end of 2001.

Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center
The Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center is a convention center located in Long Beach, California. Built on the former site of the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium, the venue is composed of the Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach Arena, and the Long Beach Performing Arts Center. It is served by the 1st Street station of Los Angeles Metro Rail.
Blood, Sweat & Tea
Blood, Sweat & Tea is a book by ambulance technician Brian Kellett, writing under the pseudonym Tom Reynolds, about life in the London Ambulance Service.

The book is compiled from posts and correspondence from the blog Random Acts of Reality, one of the earliest high-readership blogs in England. The book covers Reynolds's career from 2003 to 2006, and discusses his career as an emergency medical technician and a rapid responder.

Although often critical of NHS policies and management, the book was well received within the European emergency services, and the book (with its associated blog) is now cited in the NHS's own guidelines on staff blogging.

Unusually for a newly published mainstream book, the entire text of the book was placed online under a Creative Commons Licence.

The book has also inspired the TV series Sirens, which first aired in June 2011 on Channel 4.

Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in rural areas) are volunteers. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a physician.

EMTs often work alongside other EMS professionals such as paramedics, who receive additional training and are granted a greater scope of practice.
Lilly Otasevic
Lilly Otasevic (Serbian Cyrillic: Лили Оташевић, born 1969) is a Serbian Canadian artist based in Toronto, whose large-scale sculptural works have been commissioned by several local governments in Ontario, Canada. Ecological concepts are frequently incorporated into her sculptures and also determine the materials being used.

Sculptors Society of Canada
The Sculptors Society of Canada (SSC) promotes and exhibits contemporary Canadian sculpture.

Founded by Canadian sculptors Frances Loring, Florence Wyle, Elizabeth Wyn Wood, Wood's teacher and husband Emanuel Hahn, Henri Hébert and Alfred Laliberté,  the Sculptors Society of Canada has been exhibiting sculpture in Canada since 1928, particularly in Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto.

The Canadian Sculpture Centre is the Society's public exhibit gallery, and was located on 500 Church Street (before 2019), in Distillery District (2019—2024) and on Moatfield Dr in North York (since 2024) in Toronto.
1844 Salford Borough Council election
Elections to Salford Borough Council were held on Friday, 12 July 1844.

This was the first local election held in Salford since it had been incorporated under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.  As this was the first election to the council, all seats for each of the four wards were up for election. Each ward elected six councillors. The candidates in each ward with the highest and second-highest numbers of votes were elected for three years. The candidates with the third and fourth-highest number of votes were elected for two years, and the candidates with the fifth and sixth-highest numbers of votes were elected for one year.

A slate consisting of Liberals who supported the town's previous administration under William Lockett was formed to contest the election. Another slate comprising Conservatives as well as some Chartists and Independent Liberals was then formed in opposition to the "Lockett Party".

The Liberal slate gained overall control of the council.

Municipal Corporations Act 1835
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 76), sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in the incorporated boroughs of England and Wales. The legislation was part of the reform programme of the Whigs and followed the Reform Act 1832, which had abolished most of the rotten boroughs for parliamentary purposes.
Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez
Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez (born June 21, 1970) is a writer at Marvel Entertainment, Editor-in-Chief at Darryl Makes Comics LLC, Art Director/Owner at Somos Arte and Studio Edgardo creative services, and creator of La Borinqueña, an original comic book character that has grown into a cultural phenomenon and a nationally recognized symbol of Puerto Rican patriotism, social justice, and equality.

New Jersey-born and Bronx-raised, Miranda-Rodriguez considers himself, above all, a Nuyorican.

Marvel Universe
The Marvel Universe is a fictional shared universe where the stories in most American comic book titles and other media published by Marvel Comics take place. Superhero teams such as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, and many Marvel superheroes live in this universe, including characters such as Spider-Man, Wolverine, the Hulk, Captain America, and Iron Man. It also contains well-known supervillains such as Doctor Doom, Magneto, the Green Goblin, Loki, and Thanos. It also contains antiheroes such as Deadpool, Ghost Rider, the Punisher, Elektra, and Black Cat.

The Marvel Universe is further depicted as existing within a "multiverse" consisting of thousands of separate universes, all of which are the creations of Marvel Comics and all of which are, in a sense, "Marvel universes". In this context, "Marvel Universe" is taken to refer to the mainstream Marvel continuity, which is known as Earth-616 or Prime Earth.
Damien Ryan (politician)
Damien Ryan (born 8 September 1955) is an Australian politician and the longest-serving Mayor of Alice Springs.

Ryan has served in a variety of public positions and on boards for many Central Australian government and non-government organisations. He has run for both the Territory and Federal parliaments as a candidate for the Country Liberal Party and is a public figure in Alice Springs.

Electoral division of Araluen
Araluen is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1983, replacing the electorate of Alice Springs, which had been abolished as part of the enlargement of the Assembly. The electorate covers a 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi) area to the south and west of Alice Springs, including the Alice Springs CBD, the suburb of Araluen, and some surrounding rural areas. There were 5,742 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2020.

The current member for Araluen is Robyn Lambley, who has held the seat since 2010. She was originally elected as a member of the Country Liberal Party (CLP), but resigned from the party in 2015 and was re-elected as an independent at the 2016 election. In 2020 she joined the Territory Alliance, but left the party the same year.
Inconsolable
"Inconsolable" is a song by American boy band Backstreet Boys. The song was released as the first single from their sixth studio album Unbreakable (2007). It is the group's first single without Kevin Richardson, who had left the group in 2006. The single was released to US radio outlets on August 27, 2007. It was first confirmed on July 25, 2007, and premiered by Jive at Z-100 - New York's Hit Music Station on August 6. The song entered the top 10 in Italy and Switzerland, reaching numbers two and eight, respectively.

Kevin Richardson (musician)
Kevin Scott Richardson (born October 3, 1971) is an American pop singer, best known as a member of the vocal group the Backstreet Boys. Richardson was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame with his cousin and bandmate Brian Littrell in 2015.
Durba
Dubra (Oromo: "virgin") is a town in central Ethiopia. Located in the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, about 70 km north of Addis Ababa, this town has a latitude and longitude of 9°26′N 38°39′E﻿ / ﻿9.433°N 38.650°E﻿ / 9.433; 38.650 with an elevation of 2450 meters above sea level. The town sits above the canyon of the Muger River, near the largest falls of the Muger.

Dubra is important for being one of the major sites for the production of cement in Ethiopia. In 2006, the Muger Cement Factory plant announced it would expand its facilities. In 2008, Mohammed Al-Amoudi's Derba Midroc Cement company announced it would establish its own cement factory 8 km from Durba.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Dubra has an estimated total population of 2,188 of whom 1,053 were men and 1,135 were women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,225 of whom 571 were men and 654 were women. It is one of six towns in Mulona Sululta woreda.

MIDROC
Mohammed International Development Research and Organization Companies (MIDROC) is an Ethiopian mining and oil company owned by Ethiopian-born Saudi billionaire Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi. It has operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.  Through its Corral Petroleum Holdings AB, MIDROC has become a major independent oil company.

The company has perpetrated extreme human rights violations at Lega Dembi gold mine in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia by improper disposal of hazardous waste including mercury, arsenic, and cyanide.
Sing with the Stars
Sing with the Stars is a 1945 American short film produced by the Army Pictorial Service in cooperation with the Music Section Special Services Division. The film stars Carmen Miranda and Richard Lane.

Richard Lane (announcer)
Richard Lane (May 28, 1899 – September 5, 1982), sometimes known as Dick Lane, was an American actor and television announcer/presenter. In movies, he played assured, fast-talking slickers: usually press agents, policemen and detectives, sometimes swindlers and frauds. He is perhaps best known to movie fans as "Inspector Farraday" in the Boston Blackie mystery-comedies. Lane also played Faraday in the first radio version of Boston Blackie, which ran on NBC from June 23, 1944 to September 15, 1944. Lane was an early arrival on television, first as a news reporter and then as a sports announcer, broadcasting wrestling and roller derby shows on KTLA-TV, mainly from the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles.
The Flowering Peach
The Flowering Peach is a 1954 dramatic play by American playwright Clifford Odets with music by Alan Hovhaness. The plot is a modern take on the Bible stories of Noah and Noah's Ark.

It was the last original play by Odets produced in his lifetime. The play was revived in 1994. While rarely produced in stock and regional theatres, a musical version titled Two by Two was produced on Broadway in 1970 by Richard Rodgers, Martin Charnin and Peter Stone. It starred Danny Kaye and ran for a year on Broadway.

Danny Kaye
Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; Yiddish: דוד־דניאל קאַמינסקי; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, comedian, singer, and dancer. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs.

Kaye starred in 23 films, notably Wonder Man (1945), The Kid from Brooklyn (1946), The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947), The Inspector General (1949), Hans Christian Andersen (1952), White Christmas (1954), and The Court Jester (1955). His films were popular, especially for his performances of patter songs and favorites such as "Inchworm" and "The Ugly Duckling".

He was the first ambassador-at-large of UNICEF in 1954 and received the French Legion of Honor in 1986 for his years of work with the organization.
Osman Agha Gulmammadov
Osman Agha Gulmammad Agha oghlu Gulmammadov - (August 16, 1892, Yukhary Salahly, Kazakh uezd – November 1, 1950, Kars, Kars province) was an officer of the Russian Empire and the Azerbaijan Republic, as well as a colonel in the Turkish Armed Forces.

He participated in the First World War, the Battle of Baku, the Battle of Gokchay, the Karabakh uprising against the April occupation, and the Turkish War of Independence.

For his actions during the First World War he was awarded the second, third, and fourth class St. George's Crosses, as well as the second, third, and fourth class St. George's Medals. He was also awarded the Order of the Medjidie for the Battle of Baku and the Medal of Independence for the Turkish War of Independence.

Kars Province
Kars Province (Turkish: Kars ili; Azerbaijani: Qars Rayonu; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Qersê; Armenian: Կարսի նահանգ) is a province of Turkey, located in the northeastern part of the country. It shares part of its closed border with Armenia. Its area is 10,193 km2, and its population is 274,829 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Kars. The provinces of Ardahan and Iğdır were part of Kars Province until 1992.
Adolf Meyer (architect)
Adolf Meyer (17 June 1881, Mechernich – 14 July 1929, the Island of Baltrum) was a German architect.

A student and employee of both Bruno Paul and Peter Behrens, Meyer became the office boss of the firm of Walter Gropius around 1915 and a full partner afterwards. In 1919, Gropius appointed Meyer as a master at the Bauhaus, where he taught work drawing and construction technique. Between 1920 and 1921, Gropius and Meyer worked together to create the architectural design for the Sommerfeld House. Meyer is also credited as co-designer of the Gropius entry for the 1922 Chicago Tribune Tower competition.

From 1926, he practiced as an architect in the New Frankfurt project.

Tribune Tower
The Tribune Tower is a 463-foot-tall (141 m), 36-floor neo-Gothic skyscraper located at 435 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The early 1920s international design competition for the tower became a historic event in 20th-century architecture.  Built for Chicago Tribune owner Robert R. McCormick, since 2018 it has been converted into luxury residences and in 2023 won a Driehaus Prize for architectural preservation and adaptive reuse from Landmarks Illinois.

The tower was the home of the Tribune and the related Tribune Media, Tribune Broadcasting, and Tribune Publishing. WGN Radio (720 kHz) originated broadcasts from the building until June 18, 2018. CNN's Chicago bureau was also located in the building. It is listed as a Chicago Landmark and is a contributing property to the Michigan–Wacker Historic District. One of its predecessors, the first "Tribune Tower", had been built in 1868 and was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
Apartment House 1776
Apartment House 1776 is a 1976 composition by the American composer John Cage, composed for the United States Bicentennial and premiered by six orchestras across the country in 1976. The work was commissioned jointly by the orchestras of Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia. In these performances, the work was performed together with Cage's 1975–76 orchestral work Renga.

United States Bicentennial
The United States Bicentennial was a series of celebrations and observances during the mid-1970s that paid tribute to historical events leading up to the creation of the United States as an independent republic. It was a central event in the memory of the American Revolution. The Bicentennial culminated on Sunday, July 4, 1976, with the 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Founding Fathers in the Second Continental Congress.
India ink
India ink (British English: Indian ink) or China ink (also Chinese ink) is a simple black or coloured ink once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly used for drawing and outlining, especially when inking comic books and comic strips. India ink is also used in medical applications.

Compared to other inks, such as the iron gall ink previously common in Europe, India ink is noted for its deep, rich black colour. It is commonly applied with a paintbrush (such as an ink brush) or a dip pen. In East Asian traditions such as ink wash painting and Chinese calligraphy, India ink is commonly used in a solid form called an inkstick.

Jean-Baptiste Du Halde
Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (Chinese: 杜赫德, Pinyin: Dù Hèdé; 1 February 1674 – 18 August 1743) was a French Jesuit historian specializing in China. He did not travel to China, but collected seventeen Jesuit missionaries' reports and provided an encyclopedic survey of the history, culture and society of China and "Chinese Tartary," that is, Manchuria.

Voltaire said of Du Halde's work: "Although it is developed out of Paris, and he hath not known the Chinese, [he] gave on the basis of the memoirs of his colleagues, the widest and the best description the empire of China has had worldwide."
Art Center Nabi
The Art Center Nabi (Korean: 아트센터나비) is an art museum in Seorin-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was relocated to the 4th floor of SK building of SK Group in 2000 and reborn as digital art museum.

Art Center Nabi has produced and exhibited various kinds of digital art at the intersection of arts and technology.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.