hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence rhetoric
Artificial intelligence rhetoric (AI rhetoric) is a term primarily applied to persuasive text and speech generated by chatbots using generative artificial intelligence, although the term can also apply to the language that humans type or speak when communicating with a chatbot. This emerging field of rhetoric scholarship is related to the fields of digital rhetoric and human-computer interaction.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Shanghai Museum East
The East Branch of the Shanghai Museum (Chinese: 上海博物馆东馆), known as the Shanghai Museum East (Chinese: 上博东馆), is situated in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The Shanghai Museum's primary facility is located east of Dingxiang Road, west of Yanggao South Road, and north of Century Avenue. It is situated opposite the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum and the Oriental Art Center.

Pudong
Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center.  It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.
Gelechia sestertiella
Gelechia sestertiella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1854. It is found in Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, the Baltic region, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.

The wingspan is 13–14 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to August.

The larvae feed on Acer platanoides and Acer campestre.

Acer campestre
Acer campestre, known as the field maple, is a flowering plant species in the family Sapindaceae. It is native to much of continental Europe, Britain, southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus, and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains. It has been widely planted, and is introduced outside its native range in Europe and areas of USA and Western Australia with suitable climate.
Controlling Vice: Regulating Brothel Prostitution in St. Paul, 1865–1883
Controlling Vice: Regulating Brothel Prostitution in St. Paul, 1865–1883 is a book by Minnesotan author Joel Best, published in 1998. It is the fourth book in the History of Crime and Criminal Justice Series, and documents the strategies that the Minnesota police officers enforced in attempts to regulate prostitution in the late nineteenth century.

Saint Paul Police Department
The Saint Paul Police Department (SPPD) is the main law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.  It was established in 1854, making it the oldest police organization in the state.  In the beginning the men did not have a stationhouse.  Prisoners were taken to the Fort Snelling brig until the city built a jail.  The SPPD is the second largest law enforcement agency in Minnesota, after the Minneapolis Police Department.  The department consists of 575 sworn officers and 200 non-sworn officials. The current Chief of Police is Axel Henry. 
He is the 42nd chief in the history of the St. Paul Police Department and was sworn in November 2022.
Maykov
Maykov (Russian: Ма́йков), or Maykova (feminine; Ма́йкова) is a Russian surname associated with the noble Maykov family. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Maykov (1902–1977), Soviet Army officer

Apollon Aleksandrovich Maykov (1761–1838) Russian poet and State Counsellor, father of Nikolay

Evgeniya Maykova (1803–1880), Russian writer and poet, wife of Nikolay

Nikolay Maykov (1794–1873) Russian painter and his sons:
Apollon Maykov (1821–1897) Russian poet
Valerian Maykov (1823–1847) Russian writer and literary critic
Vladimir Maykov (1826-1885) Russian publisher
Leonid Maykov (1839–1900) Russian literary expert, ethnographer and academician

Vasili Maykov (1728–1778) Russian poet and playwright, uncle of Apollon Alexandrovich

Nikolay Maykov
Nikolay Apollonovich Maykov (Russian: Николай Аполлонович Майков; 28 August 1794, Moscow – 23 August 1873, Saint Petersburg) was a self-taught Russian portrait, history and religious painter in the Academic style.
Titiou Lecoq
Audrey "Titiou" Lecoq ([lə.kɔk], born 22 January 1980) is a French journalist, blogger and novelist, known for her books, blogs, and articles about Internet culture, and her activism for women's rights.

Articles by herself and about her views and publications have been published by leading French newsmedia, including Le Monde, Libération, L'Express, and others. As of 2024, Lecoq has authored four novels and ten non-fiction works in French, some of which have also been published in German, Italian, and Russian translations.

Le Livre de Poche
Le Livre de Poche (literally "The Pocket Book") is the name of a collection of publications which first appeared on 9 February 1953 under the leadership of Henri Filipacchi and published by the Librairie générale française, a subsidiary of Hachette. In terms of its influence on the mainstream book market, it shares a similar popularity in France as publishers like Penguin and Signet do in English-speaking territories.
Amelia Boone
Amelia Boone (born September 27, 1983) is an American obstacle racer. She used to be an attorney for the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, but now works for Apple Inc. in San Jose, California.

As one of the most accomplished obstacle course racing (OCR) athletes in the history of the sport, she has won both the Spartan Race World Championship (2013) and World's Toughest Mudder (three times 2012, 2014 and 2015). In 2014, she won the WTM title eight weeks after major knee surgery.

She is sponsored by Reebok, BeetElite, RockTape, Sufferfest Beer Company, and Ultimate Direction, and has been featured in a Tough Mudder commercial for Oberto Jerky, alongside sportscaster Stephen A. Smith.

Boone appeared on the cover of the August 2015 issue of Runner's World magazine, which included the article "The Obstacle Course Race Superstar: How Amelia Boone went from hating running to dominating races".

Reebok
Reebok International Limited (/ˈriːbɒk/ REE-bok) is an American footwear and clothing brand that is a part of Authentic Brands Group. It was established in England in 1958 as a companion company to J.W. Foster and Sons, a sporting goods company which had been founded in 1895 in Bolton, Lancashire. From 1958 until 1986, the brand featured the flag of the United Kingdom in its logo to signify the origins of the company. It was bought by German sporting goods company Adidas in 2005, then sold to the United States–based Authentic Brands Group in 2021. The company's global headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts, in the Seaport District.
Vivian Matalon
Vivian Matalon (11 October 1929 – 15 August 2018) was a British theatre director.

Born in Manchester, Matalon began his career as an actor in a series of forgettable British films, but his greatest success was as a director of West End, Broadway and regional theatre productions. His West End credits include Bus Stop with Lee Remick and Keir Dullea, I Never Sang for My Father with Raymond Massey and The Glass Menagerie with Anna Massey. He was artistic director for three years at the Hampstead Theatre, where his productions included Clifford Odets' Awake and Sing and the European premiere of Small Craft Warnings by Tennessee Williams.

Matalon served on the Artistic Advisory Board of New York City's New World's Theatre Project, which makes late 19th and early 20th century Yiddish plays accessible to contemporary audiences in modern English translations.

He died from complications of diabetes in August 2018, at the age of 88.

The Glass Menagerie
The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame. The play has strong autobiographical elements, featuring characters based on its author, his histrionic mother, and his mentally fragile sister. In writing the play, Williams drew on an earlier short story, as well as a screenplay he had written under the title of The Gentleman Caller.

The play premiered in Chicago on 26 December 1944. After a shaky start, it was championed by Chicago critics Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy, whose enthusiasm helped build audiences so the producers could move the play to Broadway where it won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1945. The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights.
2014–15 Akron Zips men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Akron Zips men's basketball team represented the University of Akron during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Zips, led by 11th year head coach Keith Dambrot, played their home games at the James A. Rhodes Arena as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 21–14, 9–9 in MAC play to finish in fourth place in the East Division. They advanced to the semifinals of the MAC tournament where they lost to Buffalo. Despite having 21 wins, they were not invited to a postseason tournament.

2015 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2015 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was a post-season men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2014–15 college basketball season. Tournament first-round games were held on campus sites at the higher seed on March 9. The remaining rounds were held at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland between March 11–14. University at Buffalo won the tournament and received the conference's automatic bid into the 2015 NCAA tournament.
New Mexico State Road 453
State Road 453 (NM 453) is a 20.979-mile-long (33.762 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 453's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 56 (US 56) and US 412 west of Clayton, and the northern terminus is at US 64 and US 87 in Grenville.

U.S. Route 412
U.S. Route 412 is an east–west United States highway, first commissioned in 1982.  U.S. 412 overlaps expressway-grade Cimarron Turnpike from Tulsa west to Interstate 35 and the Cherokee Turnpike from 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Chouteau, Oklahoma, to 8 miles (13 km) west of the Arkansas state line. It runs the entire length of the Oklahoma Panhandle and traverses the Missouri Bootheel.

As of 2020, the highway's eastern terminus is in Columbia, Tennessee at an intersection with Interstate 65, where it continues east as State Route 99. Its western terminus is in Springer, New Mexico at an intersection with Interstate 25.
Aprosphylus
Aprosphylus is a genus of katydids found in southern Africa.

It contains the following species:

Aprosphylus olszanowskii Naskrecki, 1994 – Olszanowski's black-kneed katydid

Aprosphylus hybridus Pictet, 1888 – Namibian black-kneed katydid

Aprosphylus sopatarum Naskrecki, 1994 – Sopatas' black-kneed katydid

Olszanowski's black-kneed katydid
Olszanowski's black-kneed katydid (Aprosphylus olszanowskii) is a species of katydid that is endemic to the Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa. It is mostly found in fynbos, but it can also be found in succulent and Nama Karoo biomes. Most records are from between 700 and 1,000 m.
Psychedelic Horseshit
Psychedelic Horseshit was an American rock band formed in Columbus, Ohio in 2005. That same year, Kevin DeBroux of Pink Reason coined the microgenre and scene, known as "shitgaze" when referring to recordings of Horseshit's material. Lead singer Matt Whitehurst later added the term to the groups Myspace page where it was later popularized. The band has been described as "shitgaze frontrunners" by The Times.

Microgenre
A microgenre is a specialized or niche genre, often used to describe narrowly defined subcategories within music, literature, film, or art.  The term has been in use since at least the 1970s, particularly in the context of music, where it refers to specific stylistic offshoots of prominent genres, such as the many sub-subgenres of heavy metal and electronic music.

Originally, microgenres were labels retroactively applied by record collectors and dealers, often to increase the perceived value of rare or obscure recordings. Early examples include Northern soul, freakbeat, garage punk, and sunshine pop.

By the late 2000s and early 2010s, the creation and dissemination of microgenres had become increasingly associated with internet culture, where online platforms facilitated their rapid emergence, which was often tied to internet aesthetics and online trends. Notable internet-based microgenres include chillwave, witch house, seapunk, shitgaze, dreampunk, and vaporwave.
24 Sextantis
24 Sextantis, often abbreviated as 24 Sex, is the Flamsteed designation of a 7th-magnitude star located approximately 236 light years away in the constellation of Sextans. At an apparent visual magnitude of 6.61, this star can only be viewed from rural skies under good seeing conditions.

At the age of 2.8 billion years, it has reached an evolutionary stage called a subgiant star, having a stellar classification of K0 IV. Previously it was an A-type main sequence star before using up the hydrogen at its core. It has 54% more mass than the Sun, but the outer envelope has become cooler than the Sun's as it slowly expands into a giant star.

The star is known to have two giant extrasolar planets.

Subgiant
A subgiant is a star that is brighter than a normal main-sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as  giant stars. The term subgiant is applied both to a particular spectral luminosity class and to a stage in the evolution of a star.
George Wallace's 1963 inaugural address
Following his election as governor of Alabama, George Wallace delivered an inaugural address on January 14, 1963 at the state capitol in Montgomery. At this time in his career, Wallace was an ardent segregationist, and as governor he challenged the attempts of the federal government to enforce laws prohibiting racial segregation in Alabama's public schools and other institutions. The speech is most infamous for the phrase "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever", which became a rallying cry for those opposed to integration and the civil rights movement.

Governor of Alabama
The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. Kay Ivey is the 54th and current governor since 2017.
Daruma stinger
The daruma stinger (Dampierosa daruma), also known as the North-western stonefish, is a species of venomous ray-finned fish, a stonefish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Dampierosa and is endemic to Australia.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.
John Saunders (English judge)
Sir John Henry Boulton Saunders (born 15 March 1949), formerly styled The Hon. Mr Justice Saunders, is a retired High Court Judge of the King's Bench Division.

Saunders was called to the bar in 1972 and acted as a prosecutor for the Department of Health and Social Security throughout the 1980s. He was a Recorder between 1990 and 2004 and became a Queen's Counsel in 1991.

In 2004, Saunders was appointed a full-time circuit judge as well as taking the honorary appointment of Recorder of Birmingham (the most senior judge at Birmingham Crown Court) and in April 2007 was appointed to the High Court bench and received the customary knighthood.

Department of Health and Social Security
The Department of Health and Social Security (commonly known as the DHSS) was a ministry of the British government in existence for twenty years from 1968 until 1988, and was headed by the Secretary of State for Social Services.
Ina Clough
Ina Clough (10 November 1920 – 25 January 2003) was an English character and bit-part actress.

Clough's first filmed role was in the Mike Leigh film Bleak Moments (1971), and she later appeared on television in Z-Cars (1971), All Creatures Great and Small (1988), Last of the Summer Wine (1986/1988), Cracker (1994), Hetty Wainthropp Investigates (1996) and Coronation Street (1997). Film credits include FairyTale: A True Story (1997) and This Filthy Earth (2001).

Cracker (British TV series)
Cracker is a British crime drama series produced by Granada Television for ITV, created and principally written by Jimmy McGovern. Set in Manchester, the series follows a criminal psychologist (or "cracker"), Dr Edward "Fitz" Fitzgerald, played by Robbie Coltrane, who works with the Greater Manchester Police (GMP) to help them solve crimes.

The show consists of three series, originally broadcast from 1993 to 1995. A 100-minute special set in Hong Kong followed in 1996 and another two-hour story in 2006. The show won the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series in 1995 and 1996, and Coltrane received the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in three consecutive years (1994 to 1996).
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. Thus a heat pump may be thought of as a "heater" if the objective is to warm the heat sink (as when warming the inside of a home on a cold day), or a "refrigerator" or "cooler" if the objective is to cool the heat source (as in the normal operation of a freezer). The operating principles in both cases are the same; energy is used to move heat from a colder place to a warmer place.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
1973 Basildon District Council election
The 1973 Basildon Borough Council election were the first elections to the newly created Basildon District Council and took place on 7 June 1973. This was on the same day as other local elections.  The Local Government Act 1972 stipulated that the elected members were to shadow and eventually take over from the predecessor corporation on 1 April 1974. The election resulted in Labour gaining control of the council.

Borough of Basildon
The Borough of Basildon is a local government district with borough status in Essex, England. It is named after its largest town, Basildon, where the council is based. The borough also includes the towns of Billericay and Wickford, and surrounding rural areas.

The borough borders the City of Chelmsford to the north, the Borough of Brentwood to the west, the Thurrock unitary authority area to the south, the Borough of Castle Point to the south-east, and Rochford District to the north-east.
Medal for Outstanding Civic Service
The Medal for Outstanding Civic Service or Medaljen for Borgerdåd is the second highest ranked Norwegian medal. In spring 2004 the medal ceased to be awarded. The medal was first established by Royal Resolution April 10, 1819 and later altered by Royal Resolution April 13, 1844. It was awarded by the cabinet meeting presided over by the King after a recommendation by the Norwegian Ministry of Justice.

It is divided into two grades: the first class is in gold and the second class is in silver.

Recipients of the Medal for Outstanding Civic Achievement are ranked 2nd in the Norwegian order of precedence, after recipients of the War Cross with sword and before holders of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) is the Council of Europe's independent human rights monitoring body specialised in combating antisemitism, discrimination, racism, religious intolerance, and xenophobia. It publishes periodic reports on CoE member states and general policy recommendations. The decision to found ECRI was adopted in 1993. The organization became officially active as of March 1994.

Religious intolerance
Religious intolerance or religious bigotry is intolerance of another's religious beliefs, practices, faith or lack thereof.

Statements which are contrary to one's religious beliefs do not constitute intolerance. Religious intolerance, rather, occurs when a person or group (e.g., a society, a religious group, a non-religious group) specifically refuses to tolerate the religious convictions and practices of a religious group or individual.