hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polk Audio
Polk Audio, Inc. is an American manufacturer of audio products best known for its home and automobile speakers.  The company also produces a wide range of other audio products, such as amplifiers and FM tuners. The company's headquarters is in San Diego, California. In 2006, it was bought by Directed Electronics. Polk Audio has also introduced smart speakers for Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa.

Directed Electronics
Directed Electronics, Inc. (DEI) is an Orlando, Florida-based producer of car security products, including Viper car alarms and accessories. It is a subsidiary of VOXX Automotive, which is owned by VOXX International.
Fleming–Viot process
In probability theory, a Fleming–Viot process (F–V process) is a member of a particular subset of probability measure-valued Markov processes on compact metric spaces, as defined in the 1979 paper by Wendell Helms Fleming and Michel Viot. Such processes are martingales and diffusions.

The Fleming–Viot processes have proved to be important to the development of a mathematical basis for the theories behind allele drift.
They are generalisations of the Wright–Fisher process and arise as infinite population limits of suitably rescaled variants of Moran processes.

Wendell Fleming
Wendell Helms Fleming (March 7, 1928 – February 18, 2023) was an American mathematician specializing in geometrical analysis and stochastic differential equations.

Fleming received his PhD in 1951 under Laurence Chisholm Young at the University of Wisconsin–Madison with the thesis Boundary and Related Notions for Generalized Parametric Surfaces. Fleming was a professor at Brown University, where he retired in 2009 as professor emeritus.

Together with Herbert Federer, Fleming was a pioneer of geometric measure theory. Later in his career, he worked on stochastic processes, stochastic differential equations and their applications in control theory. From 1976 to 1977, he was a Guggenheim Fellow. In 1982 he gave a plenary address (Optimal Control of Markov Processes) at the ICM in Warsaw.
COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan
The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian state of Rajasthan was reported on 2 March 2020 in Jaipur. The Rajasthan Health Department has confirmed a total of 29,835 cases, including 563 deaths and 21866 recoveries as of 20 July 2020. All districts in the state have reported confirmed cases of which, Jaipur is the worst-affected.

Dholpur district
Dholpur district is a district of eastern Rajasthan state in Northern India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters. Dholpur District is a part of Bharatpur Divisional Commissionerate. It was carved out from the erstwhile Bharatpur District on 15 April 1982.

Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km2. The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of the district supply quarries of fine-grained and easily worked red sandstone.
Lettsom
Lettsom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Coakley Lettsom (1744–1815), English physician and philanthropist

William Garrow Lettsom (1805–1887), British diplomat and scientist

William Nanson Lettsom (1796–1865), English man of letters

John Coakley Lettsom
John Coakley Lettsom FRS (1744 – 1 November 1815) was a British physician and philanthropist born on Little Jost Van Dyke in the British Virgin Islands in a Quaker settlement. The son of a West Indian planter and an Irish mother, he grew up to be an abolitionist. He founded the Medical Society of London in 1773, convinced that a combined membership of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries would prove productive. As the oldest such in the United Kingdom, it is housed in London's medical community at Lettsome House, Chandos Street, near Cavendish Square. Lettsom was its mainstay, as founder, president (1775–1776, 1784–1785, 1808–1811 and 1813–1815) and benefactor.
Matsumoto City Gymnasium
Matsumoto City Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Matsumoto, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators. It was one of the host cities of the official 2010 Women's Volleyball World Championship. It also hosted some of the volleyball events at the 2007 FIVB Men's World Cup.

2007 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
The 2007 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 18 November to 2 December 2007 in Japan. The tournament was the first step in the qualification process for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The top three teams qualified for the Olympics, and joined China as they had already secured a berth as the host country.
Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants in the rosid group of dicotyledons, including some of the best-known trees. Well-known members of Fagales include: beeches, chestnuts, oaks, walnut, pecan, hickory, birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, she-oaks, and southern beeches. The order name is derived from genus Fagus (beeches).

Pecan
The pecan (/pɪˈkæn/ pih-KAN, also US: /pɪˈkɑːn, ˈpiːkæn/ pih-KAHN, PEE-kan, UK: /ˈpiːkən/ PEE-kən; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River.

Originally native to the south-central U.S., the tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas.
Lingaraj Azad
Lingaraj Azad, popularly known as Azad Bhai, is a dalit activist from the Indian state of Orissa.  He became notable for his activism in opposing Vedanta Resources's bauxite refinery in Lanjigarh and mining of Niyamgiri Hills that tribals  say would displace thirty villages of Dongria Kondhs (the "Mountain Tribals") on top of the mountains.

Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources Limited is a diversified mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are zinc, lead, silver, oil and gas, iron ore, steel, aluminium and power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW).

The company with 20,000 employees is primarily owned by the family of Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business. Vedanta limited (formerly Sesa Goa / Sterlite) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.

Vedanta was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018.
Minister for European Affairs and Ownership Steering
The Minister for European Affairs and Ownership Steering (Finnish: Suomen eurooppa- ja omistajaohjausministeri, Swedish: Finlands europa- och ägarstyringsminister) is one of the Finnish Government's ministerial positions.

The Orpo Cabinet's incumbent Minister for European Affairs is since the 5th of July 2024 Joakim Strand of the Swedish People's Party who replaced Anders Adlercreutz the current Minister of Education (Finland).

Finnish Government
The Finnish Government (Finnish: Suomen valtioneuvosto; Swedish: Finlands statsråd; lit. 'Finland's council of state') is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Orpo Cabinet, the Government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries.

Majority coalition governments have become the foundation of the Finnish Government; apart from a few historical exceptions, a Government is usually assembled by the representatives of two major parties and a number of smaller parties.
BK channel
BK channels (big potassium), are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, and is also known as BKCa, Maxi-K, slo1, or Kca1.1. BK channels are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, hence their name, big potassium. These channels can be activated (opened) by either electrical means, or by increasing Ca2+ concentrations in the cell. BK channels help regulate physiological processes, such as circadian behavioral rhythms and neuronal excitability. BK channels are also involved in many processes in the body, as it is a ubiquitous channel. They have a tetrameric structure that is composed of a transmembrane domain, voltage sensing domain, potassium channel domain, and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain, with many X-ray structures for reference. Their function is to repolarize the membrane potential by allowing for potassium to flow outward, in response to a depolarization or increase in calcium levels.

Transmembrane domain
A transmembrane domain (TMD, TM domain) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.  TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel. Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues. TMDs vary greatly in size and hydrophobicity; they may adopt organelle-specific properties.
Ramdwara
Ramdwara (Devanagari रामद्वारा) means "the doorway to the Ram" (i.e., to the name of God). It is a place of worship for the people who believe in Ramsnehi Sampradaya, which advocates chanting of "Ram" (राम). Ramsnehi means "People who love God". Their way of worshipping God is simple. People of all faiths, castes, sections etc. visit at the Ramdwaras. This concept of Ram or Rama is distinct from the Hindu deity Rama.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
Feel the Music (Ray Stevens album)
Feel the Music was Ray Stevens' fourteenth studio album and his second for Warner Bros. Records, released in 1977. Like Stevens' previous album, this album is devoted completely to the styles of country music. "Get Crazy With Me" and "Dixie Hummingbird" are two singles that were lifted from the album.

1977 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1977. It marked the peak of vinyl record sales in the United States, which declined in the following decades before experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century.
Ek Thi Daayan
Ek Thi Daayan (Once there was a Dayan (witch)) is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language supernatural horror thriller film directed by Kannan Iyer, adapted from the short story Mobius Trips by Mukul Sharma. The film stars Emraan Hashmi, Huma Qureshi, Konkona Sen Sharma and Kalki Koechlin. The film is co-produced by Ekta Kapoor, Shobha Kapoor, Vishal Bhardwaj and Rekha Bhardwaj. It was released on 19 April 2013 to positive reviews from critics and decent box-office collections.

Konkona Sen Sharma received critical acclaim for her performance and was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 59th Filmfare Awards.

Rekha Bhardwaj
Rekha Bhardwaj is an Indian singer and live performer. She has received two Filmfare and one National Awards. In addition to Hindi, she has also sung in Bengali, Marathi,  Punjabi and Malayalam  languages.
Ambulyx sericeipennis
Ambulyx sericeipennis, the common gliding hawkmoth, is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. It is found from northern Pakistan and northern India eastwards across Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to central and southern China and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 95–124 mm. It is similar to Ambulyx maculifera.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Juglans regia, Engelhardia spicata, Elaeocarpus, Quercus, Myrica nagi, Betula alnoides and Rhus species.

Sumac
Sumac or sumach (/ˈsuːmæk, ˈʃuː-/ S(H)OO-mak, UK also /ˈsjuː-/)—not to be confused with poison sumac—is any of the roughly 35 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus (and related genera) of the cashew and mango tree family, Anacardiaceae. However, it is Rhus coriaria that is most commonly used for culinary purposes. Sumac is prized as a spice—especially in Iranian cuisine, and other Eastern cuisines—and used as a dye and holistic remedy. The plants grow in subtropical and temperate regions, on nearly every continent except Antarctica and South America.
It holds cultural significance as a symbolic item on the Haft-sin table during Nowruz, the Persian New Year.
Paul Sharp (American football)
Paul Dewey Sharp (May 11, 1952 – October 26, 2012) was an American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Southwestern Oklahoma State University from 1986 to 2004, compiling a record of 93–100–1.  Sharp led the Southwestern Oklahoma State Bulldogs to an NAIA Division I Football National Championship in 1996.

Sharp was born on May 11, 1952. A native of Douglas, Arizona, he played football at Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia, Arkansas. He died of attack on October 26, 2012.

Arkadelphia, Arkansas
Arkadelphia is a city in Clark County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,380. The city is the county seat of Clark County. It is situated at the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Two universities, Henderson State University and Ouachita Baptist University, are located here. Arkadelphia was incorporated in 1857.
In scale
The in scale (also known as the Sakura pentatonic scale due to its use in the well-known folk song Sakura Sakura) is one of two pentatonic scales commonly used in Japanese folk music, excluding gagaku and Buddhist shōmyō. The in scale, which contains minor notes, is used specifically in music for the koto and shamisen and is contrasted with the yo scale, which does not contain minor notes.

More recent theory emphasizes that it is more useful in interpreting Japanese melody to view scales on the basis of "nuclear tones" located a fourth apart and containing notes between them, as in the miyako-bushi scale used in koto and shamisen music and whose pitches are equivalent to the in scale:

Minor scale
A minor scale is a sequence of musical notes in which the third scale degree is a minor third above the tonic. The notes A–B–C–D–E–F–G form a prototypical minor scale.

There are three common types of minor scales: the natural minor scale, the melodic minor scale, and the harmonic minor scale. The Aeolian, Phrygian, and Dorian modes are also examples of minor scales.
Living in the Age of Airplanes (soundtrack)
Living in the Age of Airplanes (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2015 American experimental documentary film Living in the Age of Airplanes, written and directed by Brian J. Terwilliger, which showcases the benefits of aviation in everyday lives and urges people to view aviation in a more positive light. The score was composed by James Horner. It was the last film Horner scored, before his death in a plane crash in June 2015. The score released through digital download on September 14, 2016, and the CD release was by Intrada Records in August 2017. Horner's score received generally positive reviews from critics and had garnered him awards posthumously.

Brian J. Terwilliger
Brian J. Terwilliger (born (1976-05-14)May 14, 1976) is an American documentary film director and producer known for his two films, One Six Right and Living in the Age of Airplanes, both of which are produced under his independent company Terwilliger Productions, based in Los Angeles.
Gemini Wing
Gemini Wing is a 1987 vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Tecmo for arcades. It was released in Japan in October 1987 and North America in February 1988. Home conversions were released for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, Atari ST, MSX, and X68000. Hamster Corporation released the game as part of their Arcade Archives series for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 in September 2020.

X68000
The X68000 (Japanese: エックス ろくまんはっせん, Hepburn: Ekkusu Rokuman Hassen) is a home computer created by Sharp Corporation. It was first released in 1987 and sold only in Japan.

The initial model has a 10 MHz Motorola 68000 CPU, 1 MB of RAM, and lacks a hard drive. The final model was released in 1993 with a 25 MHz Motorola 68030 CPU, 4 MB of RAM, and optional 80 MB SCSI hard drive. RAM in these systems is expandable to 12 MB, though most games and applications do not require more than 2 MB.

The X68000 has graphics hardware similar to arcade video games of the late-1980s, with custom coprocessors supporting scrolling, tiled backgrounds, and large numbers of sprites. Sound is supplied through multiple sound chips supporting 8 channels of FM synthesis and one channel of adaptive differential pulse-code modulation audio, which are mixed down to 2 analog stereo channels via a DAC chip. As such, video gaming was a major use of the X68000.
Usdan Summer Camp for the Arts
The Usdan Summer Camp for the Arts (USDAN; formally known as the Usdan Center for the Creative and Performing Arts, previously named Nathaniel and Suzanne Usdan Center for the Creative and Performing Arts) is a Wheatley Heights, Long Island-based summer day camp. It is situated on 140 acres (57 hectares or 0.57 km²) of woodland.

Wheatley Heights, New York
Wheatley Heights is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Babylon, in Suffolk County, on Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 5,140 at the time of the 2020 census.

In the past, some or all of Wheatley Heights was proposed to become part of the never-realized Incorporated Village of Half Hollow Hills.
1945 Stanley Cup Final
The 1945 Stanley Cup Final was a best-of-seven series between the Detroit Red Wings and the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs once again defeated the Red Wings in seven games, despite leading 3–0 in a situation similar to 1942. This was the last Finals until 2024 where a team forced a seventh game after being down 3–0.

Hap Day
Clarence Henry "Happy" Day (June 14, 1901 – February 17, 1990), later known as Hap Day, was a Canadian professional hockey player who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs and New York Americans. Day enjoyed a 33-year career as a player, referee, coach and assistant general manager, 28 of which were spent in various capacities with the Maple Leafs.  He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961.

His name appears on the Stanley Cup 7 times—1932 (as Captain), 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949 (as coach) and 1951 (as assistant manager); all with the Maple Leafs.
Triethyl citrate
Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.  It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive, emulsifier and solvent (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid  for egg white. It is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.

Triethyl citrate is also used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and similar plastics.

Triethyl citrate has been used as a pseudo-emulsifier in e-cigarette juices. It functions essentially like lecithin used in food products, but with the possibility of vaporization which lecithin does not have.

Egg white
Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens, it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg. It forms around fertilized or unfertilized egg yolks. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo (when fertilized).
Egg white consists of about 90% water into which about 10% proteins (including albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins) are dissolved. Unlike the yolk, which is high in lipids (fats), egg white contains almost no fat, and carbohydrate content is less than 1%. Egg whites contain about 56% of the protein in the egg. Egg white has many uses in food (e.g. meringue, mousse) as well as many other uses (e.g. in the preparation of vaccines such as those for influenza).
Gianni Vella
Gianni Vella (9 May 1885 – 3 September 1977) was a Maltese artist. After studying in Rome, he produced many religious works which can be found in many churches in the Maltese Islands, but he also produced some secular works including landscape paintings, cartoons and a stamp design.

Maltese people
The Maltese (Maltese: Maltin) people are an ethnic group native to Malta who speak Maltese, a Semitic language descended from Siculo-Arabic with a substantial Romance superstratum, and share a common Maltese history and culture characterised by Latin Catholicism, which remains the state religion. Malta, an island country in the Mediterranean Sea, is an archipelago that also includes an island of the same name together with the islands of Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) and Comino (Maltese: Kemmuna); people of Gozo, Gozitans (Maltese: Għawdxin) are considered a subgroup of the Maltese.
Viburnum sargentii
Viburnum sargentii is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae (formerly Caprifoliaceae), native to north eastern Asia. Growing to 3 m (10 ft) tall and broad, it is a substantial deciduous shrub with 3-lobed, maple-like leaves, often turning red in autumn. Flat white flower-heads (cymes) resembling those of lacecap hydrangeas are borne in early summer. The outer florets are saucer-shaped and sterile, while the central tubular flowers are fertile. The flowers are followed in autumn by globose red berries.

The specific epithet sargentii commemorates the American botanist Charles Sprague Sargent.

The cultivar 'Onondaga', with red central flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Charles Sprague Sargent
Charles Sprague Sargent (April 24, 1841 – March 22, 1927) was an American botanist.  He was appointed in 1872 as the first director of Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, and held the post until his death. He published several works of botany. The standard author abbreviation Sarg. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose phosphorylase
4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.281, mannosylglucose phosphorylase) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose:phosphate alpha-D-mannosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose + phosphate  D-glucose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate

This enzyme forms part of a mannan catabolic pathway in the anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343.

Mannans
Mannans are polymers containing the sugar mannose as a principal component.
They are a type of polysaccharide found in hemicellulose, a major source of biomass found in higher plants such as softwoods.  These polymers also typically contain two other sugars, galactose and glucose.  They are often branched (unlike cellulose).