hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Codex Argenteus
The Codex argenteus (Latin for "Silver Book/Codex") is a 6th-century illuminated manuscript originally containing part of the 4th-century translation of the Christian Bible into the Gothic language traditionally attributed to the Gothic Bishop Wulfila.  A part of it is on permanent display at the Carolina Rediviva building in Uppsala, Sweden, under the name "Silverbibeln" (i.e. "The Silver Bible"). Since 2011, the Codex Argenteus has been included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.

Memory of the World Programme
UNESCO's Memory of the World (MoW) Programme is an international initiative that recognises documentary heritage of global importance. It aims to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, decay over time and climatic conditions, as well as deliberate destruction. It calls for the preservation of valuable archival holdings, library collections, and private individual compendia all over the world for posterity and increased accessibility to, and public awareness of, these items.

Following the establishment of the Memory of the World International Register, UNESCO and the Memory of the World Programme have encouraged the creation of autonomous national and regional committees as well as national and regional registers which focus on documentary heritage of great regional or national importance, but not necessarily of global importance.
2017 OFC U-16 Women's Championship
The 2017 OFC U-16 Women's Championship was the 4th edition of the OFC U-16/U-17 Women's Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) for the women's under-16/under-17 national teams of Oceania. The tournament was held in Samoa between 4 and 18 August 2017.

For this tournament the age limit was lowered from under-17 to under-16. The winners of the tournament qualified for the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Uruguay as the OFC representative.

OFC U-16 Women's Championship
The OFC U-16 Women's Championship (previously the OFC U-17 Women's Championship or OFC Women's Under 17 Qualifying Tournament) an Oceanic association football tournament held to determine the team that will appear in the Women's U-17 World Cup. The competition is organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and was first held in 2010.

There was no OFC qualifying tournament to the first world cup in 2008, as New Zealand classified automatically as hosts.

The inaugural edition, held in New Zealand from 12 to 14 April 2010, was a group stage contested by only 4 of OFC's 11 teams to fill the only spot for the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. It was won by New Zealand, who won all their games without conceding a goal. The 2016 edition was the first to play a knock-out stage. New Zealand won its third title.

The edition held in August 2017 was an under-16 edition, and the tournament was called the OFC U-16 Women's Championship, so was the 2023 edition.
Ma Lin (biochemist)
Ma Lin, CBE, JP (Chinese: 馬臨; 12 March 1924 or 8 February 1925 – 16 October 2017) was a biochemist and educator. He was the Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) from 1978 to 1987. He subsequently served as chairman of the board of trustees of Shaw College in CUHK.

Shaw College, Chinese University of Hong Kong
22°25′22″N 114°12′04″E﻿ / ﻿22.4228°N 114.2012°E﻿ / 22.4228; 114.2012

Shaw College (Chinese: 逸夫書院) is the fourth constituent college to be established at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a public university in New Territories, Hong Kong.
2011 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections
The 2011 Election Committee subsector elections took place between 7:30 am and 10:30 pm on 11 December 2011. The Election Committee sub-sector elections are a part of the contemporary political process of Hong Kong. The election's purpose is to decide the 1,044 members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong. The resulting Election Committee is then responsible for electing the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) in the 2012 Election.

Sin Chung-kai
Sin Chung-kai (Chinese: 單仲偕; born 15 June 1960) is a former member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. He was the chairman and a member of Kwai Tsing District Council for the Wah Lai constituency. He was one of the two vice-chairmen of the Democratic Party until December 2012, and is a member of the Executive Committee.
Bible translations into Latvian
The Lutheran pastor Johann Ernst Glück translated the Bible into the Latvian language, which was published in 1694 in Riga.

This translation was republished many times, repeatedly re-edited. Most recently a revision was begun in 1931 and printed in 1965 by the United Bible Societies, London. For this the main language editor was Professor Ernests Blese. This translation used the traditional "ch" and "ŗ" of pre-war Latvia and Latvians in exile.

In 1995 The Latvian Bible Society (LBB) began work on a new Bible translation; Gospels and Acts 1999, the whole New Testament 2007. The Publishing House "Zinātne" ("Science") has issued a number of Old Testament books in some editions, but the LBB's Old Testament translation is still being prepared for publication. In 2005 the Latvian Bible Society issued the Deuterocanonical books.

United Bible Societies
The United Bible Societies (UBS) is a global fellowship of around 150 Bible societies operating in more than 240 countries and territories. It has working hubs in England, Singapore and Nairobi. The headquarters are located in Swindon, England.
Ducati Road 250
The Ducati Road 250 is a 247 cc (15.1 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Spanish manufacturer MotoTrans, who were licensed by Ducati to produce motorcycles under the Ducati brand name and was produced from 1972 to 1977. The model was intended to be a Spanish domestic market version of the 250 Scrambler, although it was also exported to the US in 1972/3.

MotoTrans
MotoTrans is a Spanish company which produced motorcycles and scooters between 1957 and 1983 when it was bought by Yamaha. It was famous for licensing Ducati engines and using them in MotoTrans motorcycles, as well as building Ducati motorcycles incorporating small differences.
History of the courts of England and Wales
Certain former courts of England and Wales have been abolished or merged into or with other courts, and certain other courts of England and Wales have fallen into disuse.

For just under 600 years, from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1642, French was the language of the courts, rather than English. Until the twentieth century, many legal terms were still expressed in Latin.

Court leet
The court leet (Latin: curia leta, curia magna, curia cum visu franciplegii, lit. 'court leet, great court, court within sight of frankpledge') was a historical court baron (a type of manorial court) of England and Wales and Ireland that exercised the "view of frankpledge" and its attendant police jurisdiction, which was normally restricted to the hundred courts.
Dekeyseria picta
Dekeyseria picta is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil, and found in the lower Rio Negro basin, the largest left tributary of the Amazon River.  This species grows to a length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) TL.

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Dipkun
55°07′52″N 126°46′37″E﻿ / ﻿55.1311°N 126.7769°E﻿ / 55.1311; 126.7769

Dipkun (Russian: Дипкун) is a settlement in Tyndinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia, located 162 kilometers (101 mi) east of Tynda on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM).

The settlement was founded in 1975 with the construction of the BAM, built by Komsomol brigades from around Moscow.  The name of the settlement comes from the Evenk word for the number eight.

While Dipkun is located on the same latitude as Moscow, its climate is far more severe, with long, cold winters.

Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.

It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.
Chosei Komatsu
Chosei Komatsu (小松 長生, Komatsu Chōsei; born March 1, 1958) is a Japanese conductor who, from 2003 to 2010, was artistic director of Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Costa Rica. Also, after five years as music director of Japan’s Central Aichi Symphony Orchestra, he assumed the title of Conductor Laureate.

Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra
The Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra is a Russian classical music radio orchestra established in 1930. It was founded as the Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra, and served as the official symphony for the Soviet All-Union Radio network.
Kassel (region)
Kassel is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the north of the state. It was created in 1866 when Prussia annexed the Electorate of Hesse, forming part of the new Province of Hesse-Nassau. It was enlarged following the incorporation of the former Free State of Waldeck in 1929. From 1944 to 1945 it formed its own province: Kurhessen. After World War II it became part of Greater Hesse within the American Occupation Zone, the precursor to the modern state of Hesse. In its modern form it consists of 138 municipalities.

Greater Hesse
Greater Hesse (German: Groß-Hessen) was the provisional name given for a section of German territory created by the United States military administration in at the end of World War II. It was formed by the Allied Control Council on 19 September 1945 and became the modern German state of Hesse on 1 December 1946.
Norwich Village Historic District
The Norwich Village Historic District encompasses the compact village center of Norwich, Vermont.  The village was developed mainly in the first half of the 19th century, benefiting in importance from the 1820 founding of what is now Norwich University (since relocated to Northfield).  The district has well-preserved examples of architecture ranging from the late 18th century to the early 20th century.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Northfield, Vermont
Northfield is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. The town lies in a valley within the Green Mountains and has been home to Norwich University since 1866. It contains the village of Northfield, where over half of the population lives. The town's total population was 5,918 at the 2020 census.
Chihuahuita, Texas
Chihuahuita (or Little Chihuahua) is a neighborhood in El Paso, Texas. It has also been known as the "First Ward." It is considered the oldest neighborhood in the city. It has also suffered through extreme poverty in its history. It is currently on the Most Endangered Historic Places list as compiled by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. It is located on the border of the Rio Grande at the Mexico–United States border. For most of the twentieth century, the name Chihuahuita was used to refer to all of southern El Paso, often including El Segundo Barrio. In 1991, Chihuahuita was designated as a historic district by the city of El Paso.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Entrada de Piérola a Lima por la Puerta de Cocharcas
Entrada de Piérola a Lima por la Puerta de Cocharcas, durante la Guerra Civil de 1894-1895 (Spanish for "De Piérola's entrance to Lima through the Gate of Cocharcas during the civil war of 1894-1895") is an oil painting by Juan Lepiani, painted from around 1890 to 1900. It forms part of the collection of the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru.

National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru
The National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú, MNAAHP) is the largest and oldest museum in Peru, housed at the Palacio de la Magdalena, located in the main square of Pueblo Libre, a district of Lima, Peru. The museum houses more than 100,000 artifacts spanning the entire history of human occupation in what is now Peru. Highlights include the Raimondi Stele and an impressive scale model of the Incan citadel, Machu Picchu. As of 2023, the museum is under restoration and very few rooms are open for visitors.
Lientur
Lientur was the Mapuche toqui from 1618 to 1625.  He was the successor to Loncothegua.  Lientur with his vice toqui Levipillan was famed for his rapid malóns or raids.  Because of his ability to slip back and forth over the Spanish border between its fortresses and patrols and raid deep into Spanish territory north of the Bio-Bio River without losses he was called the Wizard by the Spanish.

In 1625 his successor Butapichón was elected when he resigned his office when he felt himself to be too old and tired to continue as before.  However a cacique named Lientur continued to lead troops in the field.  He was present leading troops at the Battle of Las Cangrejeras.  A cacique of that name also participated in the Parliament of Quillín in 1641.

Biobío River
The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates at Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the Gulf of Arauco (in Spanish) on the Pacific Ocean.

The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and  the Laja. The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being the Loa River) and the Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after the Loa and Baker basins. The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, four bridges cross the river: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973), Llacolén Bridge (2000) and Bicentennial Bridge (2010).
Engin de débarquement d'infanterie et de chars
The EDIC or Engin de débarquement d'infanterie et de chars are large landing craft that operate in the French Navy, Lebanese Navy, Senegalese Navy, and Madagascar Navy. EDICs have the typical landing craft utility design with a bow ramp and have a large aft superstructure compared to the derivative CDIC. The EDIC vessels were constructed in three groups, the first were launched in 1958, the second in 1967–1969 and the third in 1987. A sub class, called the Engin de débarquement ateliers or EDA was constructed between the first and second groups but were fitted out as repair craft. In French service, they predominantly were used in the French Pacific territories.

Landing craft utility
A landing craft utility (LCU) is a type of boat used by amphibious forces to transport equipment and troops to the shore. They are capable of transporting tracked or wheeled vehicles and troops from amphibious assault ships to beachheads or piers.
Muniswamy Rajgopal
Muniswamy Rajgopal (24 March 1926 – 3 March 2004) was an Indian field hockey player. He was a member of the India national team that won gold medal at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. He was from his home State of Mysore (now Karnataka) to win an Olympic medal.

Rajgopal was a versatile player and played as a wing forward or inside-right on either wings. He was nicknamed 'the artful dodger' for his stickwork. Rajgopal's contributions to hockey was recognized with Karnataka's Rajyotsava Award in 2000.

Rajyotsava Prashasti
The Rajyotsava Prashasti or Rajyotsava Award is the second highest civilian honor given by the State of Karnataka in India which is conferred annually by the Karnataka Government on the occasion of the establishment of the state on 1 November, celebrated as the Kannada Rajyotsava.

The awards are presented in Bengaluru by the Chief Minister of Karnataka on 1 November of every year. Each award carries an amount of ₹100,000, a 20-gram gold medal and a citation. In addition to that, the government has in the past allotted commercial land to eligible awardees.
Cartosat-2B
Cartosat-2B is an Earth observation satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit and the fourth of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite is the seventeenth satellite in the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series to be built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
GameTV
GameTV is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel. Owned by Anthem Sports & Entertainment, it primarily broadcasts competition-based programming, including game shows and reality competition series.

The channel was first launched in 2005 under the ownership of Stuart Media Group as Casino and Gaming Television (CGTV), which primarily focused on sports betting and televised poker. Larry Tanenbaum's Insight Sports served as the channel's operating partner.

In 2007, the channel was re-launched under its current name, phasing out its casino-based programming in favour of a focus on classic game shows, reality series, and nightly movies. After GameTV was acquired by Anthem in 2016, the channel briefly added sports and sports entertainment-based programming.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Shipton Kaserne
Shipton Kaserne is a small United States Army post outside of Ansbach, Germany. Named after Brigadier General James Ancil Shipton, the post was built in the late 1980s and was officially opened January 8, 1988. Shipton is located in-between Katterbach and Ansbach, adjacent to Soldier's Lake and Urlas Housing and Shopping Complex. It was the home of the 412th Aviation Support Battalion from 2006 and is still used by the United States Army today. Since its creation, Shipton Kaserne has been home to several units, including the 6th Battalion, 43rd Air Defence Artillery Regiment (6/43 Air Defense Artillery), 6/52 Air Defense Artillery, and the 601st Aviation Support Battalion.

James Ancil Shipton
Brigadier General James Ancil Shipton (March 10, 1867 – February 15, 1926) was a senior United States Army officer. He served in the Philippine–American War and World War I, where he held various commands on the Western Front.
Melsheimer
Melsheimer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Melsheimer (1897–1960), German lawyer

Frederick Valentine Melsheimer (1749–1814), American entomologist and Lutheran clergyman

Frederick Ernst Melsheimer (1782–1873), American entomologist

Thomas M. Melsheimer, American lawyer and managing partner of Winston & Strawn LLP's Dallas office

Frederick Valentine Melsheimer
The Reverend Frederick Valentine Melsheimer (September 25, 1749, Negenborn, Brunswick – June 30, 1814, Hanover, Pennsylvania) was a Lutheran clergyman and early American entomologist, called the "Father of American Entomology" by successor Thomas Say. He was the author of the first major entomological work in the United States: A Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania (1806), a sixty-page work that describes 1,363 species of beetles.
Flaviano Melo
Flaviano Flávio Baptista de Melo (17 November 1949 – 20 November 2024) was a Brazilian civil engineer and politician. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, he served as Governor of Acre from 1987 to 1990, as a senator from 1991 to 1999, and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2007 to 2023.

Melo died of pneumonia in São Paulo, on 20 November 2024, at the age of 75.

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
Dendrobium bullenianum
Dendrobium bullenianum is a member of the family Orchidaceae found in the Philippines and Vietnam. It is named in honor of Mr. Bullen, orchid cultivator with Low & Co.'s nursery, who was first in Britain get this species to flower in cultivation. It is pendulous and sympodial with 1 meter long pseudobulbs of 1.5 cm thickness and deciduous leaves of 10 cm by 1.5 cm. Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach was the first to describe this species in 1862 in Botanische Zeitung. It is found as an epiphyte in elevations up to 1,000 metres in Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines.

Clapton Nursery
The Clapton Nursery also known as Mackay's Clapton Nursery and later Low's Clapton Nursery was a plant nursery established in the early 19th century by John Bain Mackay in Upper Clapton, London, and noted for its introductions of Australian and South American plants into cultivation.

The nursery propagated plant material sent by William Baxter from Australia  and James Anderson from South America. A garden library was established at the nursery in 1827. In 1831 the foreman and propagator, Hugh Low, took over the nursery. Low was a Scots horticulturalist who commenced work at the nursery after arriving in London in about 1823. His son, Hugh, also became involved with the nursery.

The nursery corresponded with Sir William Hooker and supplied the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew with seed and cuttings.