hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karena Lam
Karena Lam (Chinese: 林嘉欣; pinyin: Lín Jiāxīn; Jyutping: Lam4 Gaa1 Jan1; Cantonese Yale: Làm Gāyān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Ka-him; born 17 August 1978) is a Taiwanese Canadian actress and singer based in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

In October 1995, Lam released her debut album Karena (有點想). In 2015, she won the Best Actress award at the Golden Horse Awards for her role in Zinnia Flower, making her the first person to have won all of the following three Golden Horse awards: Best Lead Actress, Best Supporting Actress and Best New Performer.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Harald Maartmann
Harald Rolf Maartmann (5 January 1926 – 1 January 2021) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He won both the 17 km and the 50 km event in the Norwegian Championships in 1950. He finished fifth in the 50 km event at the 1950 World Championships in Lake Placid, New York. Maartmann also finished eighth in the 50 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.

He was the son of soccer player Rolf Maartmann and cousin of luger Titti Maartmann. His grandfather was Harald Sigvart Maartmann, the first Executive Director of Ringnes. His great-grandfather was Norwegian politician Knud Geelmuyden Fleischer Maartmann.

Maartmann died on 1 January 2021, aged 94.

Rolf Maartmann
Rolf Maartmann (3 November 1887 – 8 July 1941) was a Norwegian football player. He was born in Kristiania. He played for the club Lyn, and also for the Norwegian national team. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He was Norwegian champion with Lyn in 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911. He was the twin brother of Erling Maartmann.
Pseudohydromys
Pseudohydromys is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to New Guinea.
It contains the following species:

Bishop's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys berniceae)

Huon small-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys carlae)

Laurie's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys eleanorae)

One-toothed shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys ellermani)

Mottled-tailed shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys fuscus)

German's one-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys germani)

Eastern shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys murinus)

Musser's shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys musseri)

Western shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys occidentalis)

Woolley's moss mouse (Pseudohydromys patriciae)

Southern small-toothed moss mouse (Pseudohydromys pumehanae)

White-bellied moss mouse (Pseudohydromys sandrae)

It was not until a 2009 revision that a general idea of the true taxonomic content of this genus was realized.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Aaron Gunn Pyle
Aaron Gunn Pyle (February 19, 1909 – December 25, 1972) was an American painter known for his contributions to Regionalist painting. His work is closely tied to the Midwestern United States, the region where he was born and spent most of his life.

Omaha World-Herald
The Omaha World-Herald is a daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, the primary newspaper of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

It was locally owned from its founding in 1885 until 2020, when it was sold to the newspaper chain Lee Enterprises by its most recent local owner, Warren Buffett, chairman of Omaha-based Berkshire Hathaway.

For more than a century it circulated daily throughout  Nebraska – a state that is 430 miles (690 km) long. It also circulated daily throughout all of Iowa, and in parts of Kansas, South Dakota, Missouri, Colorado, and Wyoming. It retrenched during the 2008 financial crisis, ending far-flung circulation and restricting daily delivery to an area in Nebraska and Iowa within an approximately 100-mile (160 km) radius of Omaha.
Second Sight (The Avengers)
"Second Sight" is the eighth episode of the third series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman. It was first broadcast by ABC on 16 November 1963. The episode was directed by Peter Hammond and written by Martin Woodhouse.

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Hasan Doğan Sports Hall
Hasan Doğan Sports Hall (Turkish: Hasan Doğan Spor Salonu) is a multi-purpose indoor sport venue located in Canik district of Samsun Province, northern Turkey.
It was named in honor of Hasan Doğan (1956–2008), who served as the president of the Turkish Football Federation.

The sports hall hosts basketball and volleyball competitions. It is the home ground of the women's basketball team of 
Canik belediyespor.

Samsun Province
Samsun Province (Turkish: Samsun ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Its area is 9,725 km2, and its population is 1,368,488 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Sinop on the northwest, Çorum on the west, Amasya on the south, Tokat on the southeast on the east. Its traffic code is 55. The provincial capital is Samsun, one of the most populated cities in Turkey.
Can't Run from Yourself
Can't Run from Yourself is the 20th studio album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker, it was released on October 6, 1992 as her first album for Liberty Records after Capitol Records dropped Tucker from the label in 1991. There were three Billboard Top Ten Country Singles from Can't Run from Yourself: "It's a Little Too Late" and "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane" both at #2, and "Tell Me About It," a duet with Delbert McClinton, at #4. The album peaked at #12 on the Country Albums chart. Tammy Wynette would later cover "What Do They Know" for her 1994 album Without Walls.

Brian Mansfield of Allmusic rated it three stars out of five, saying that it was more "consistent" than her previous album.

Tanya Tucker
Tanya Denise Tucker (born October 10, 1958) is an American country singer who had her first hit, "Delta Dawn", in 1972 at the age of 13. During her career Tucker became one of the few child performers to mature into adulthood without losing her audience; she had a streak of top-10 and top-40 hits.
She has had several successful albums, several Country Music Association award nominations, and hit songs including 1973's "What's Your Mama's Name?" and "Blood Red and Goin' Down", 1975's "Lizzie and the Rainman", 1988's "Strong Enough to Bend", and 1992's "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane". Tucker's 2019 album While I'm Livin' won the Grammy Award for Best Country Album, and "Bring My Flowers Now" from that same album won Tucker a shared songwriting Grammy for Best Country Song.

Tucker’s latest album is a 2023 critically acclaimed collaboration with Brandi Carlile called Sweet Western Sound. Tucker was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame on October 22, 2023.
Earltown
Earltown (Baile-an-Iarla) is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Colchester County.

The community is located 25 km north of the town of Truro on Route 311, on the north slope of the Cobequid Mountains.

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.
Bigelow, Arkansas
Bigelow is a town in Perry County, Arkansas, United States. Located in Central Arkansas near the confluence of the Fourche La Fave River and Arkansas River, the community was incorporated in 1905 as Esau. Based largely on the timber industry, the town grew until the lumber mills were closed in 1920. The population was 352 at the 2020 census.

Fourche La Fave River
The Fourche La Fave River (pronounced "Foosh (like push but with an f-sound) Luh Fave"), shown as Fourche LaFave River on federal maps) is a tributary of the Arkansas River, approximately 151 miles (243 km) long, in western Arkansas in the United States. It drains part of the northern Ouachita Mountains west of Little Rock.

It was named for the La Feve family who settled near its mouth. Fourche is French meaning "fork".
Ria Tikini
Ria Tikini or Ria Te Kini (c. 1810 – 19 July 1919), also known as Mrs Chicken, was a New Zealand businesswoman, cultural informant and midwife. She is credited as one of the midwives who paved the way for the creation of the Plunket Society. As a Kāi Tahu and Kāti Mamoe woman, she was an informant for ethnographer William Anderson Taylor's work on Kāi Tahu history and early European contact with Māori.

Rūnanga
In tikanga Māori (Māori culture or practice), a rūnanga (runaka in Southern Māori dialect) is a tribal council, assembly, board or boardroom. The term can also be a verb meaning "to discuss in an assembly". An iwi (tribe) can have one governing rūnanga and many sub rūnanga. In such cases it can be used to mean the subdivision of a tribe governed by that council. It is also used for non tribal affiliations as with the CTU Runanga a sub union for Māori workers.

The leader or representative of a rūnanga is sometimes referred to as Te Upoku o Te Rūnanga (literally "The head of the rūnanga").
Routes into Languages
The Routes into Languages project is a consortium of universities working together with schools and colleges to promote the study of languages.

The Routes brand and the activities associated with Routes into Languages are managed by the University Council of Modern Languages (UCML), a sector-wide association representing modern languages in the United Kingdom.

Modern language
A modern language (also known as a living language) is any human language that is currently in use as a native language.

The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such as Latin and Classical Chinese, which are studied for their cultural and linguistic value. For example, the Modern Language Association tracks student enrollments in Ancient Greek versus Modern Greek, or Biblical Hebrew versus Modern Hebrew, separately.

SIL Ethnologue defines a living language as "one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language" (see also Language § Linguistic diversity).
Epitalon
Epitalon is a synthetic peptide, telomerase activator, and putative anti-aging compound, which was identified as the putative active component of a bovine pineal gland extract known as epithalamin.

Most studies on epitalon and epithalamin have been conducted by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, primarily overseen by Vladimir Khavinson, in Russia, though in recent years research using epitalon has started to be conducted elsewhere, focusing mainly on its ability to extend telomere length.

Bovinae
Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The members of this group of bovids are classified into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups, as the evolutionary relationships within the groups are still uncertain. General characteristics include cloven hooves and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. The largest extant bovine is the gaur.

In many countries, bovine milk and meat is used as food by humans. Cattle are kept as livestock almost everywhere except in parts of India and Nepal, where they are considered sacred by most Hindus. Bovines are used as draft animals and as riding animals. Small breeds of domestic bovine, such as the Miniature Zebu, are kept as pets. Bovine leather is durable and flexible and is used to produce a wide range of goods including clothing and bags.
David Morris (jeweller)
David Morris is a British luxury jeweller famed for designing, crafting and selling fine jewellery and watches. It was founded in 1962, by David Morris and remains family owned. Throughout its 50-year history David Morris has produced a number of notable works, including the Miss World crown, jewellery for the James Bond film franchise and various pieces commissioned by royal families.

Jewellery store
A jewellery store (American English: jewelry store) is a retail business establishment, that specializes in selling (and also buying) jewellery and watches. Jewellery stores provide many services such as repairs, remodelling, restoring, designing and manufacturing pieces.
Retaliation (German band)
Retaliation (formerly known as Invalid Injection) is a German death metal band from Lower Franconia, Bavaria, formed in 2005. The band was founded by Julian Welsch and Sven Lutz under its former name, before renaming and re-branding in 2006.

The band's debut album, Seven, was released in August 2010.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Tom Soetaers
Tom Soetaers (born 21 July 1980) is a Belgian former footballer who played as a midfielder and current football coach, mostly being deployed as a left-winger. He is currently in charge of SC Hoegaarden-Outgaarden.

KRC Genk
Koninklijke Racing Club Genk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈreːsɪŋ ˌklʏp ˈxɛŋk]), commonly known as KRC Genk or Racing Genk, is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Genk in Belgian Limburg.  Racing Genk plays in the Belgian Pro League and have won four championship titles; in 1998–99, in 2001–02, in 2010–11 and in 2018–19. They have also won five Belgian Cups, most recently in 2020–21. They qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage in the 2002–03, 2011–12 and 2019–20.

The club formed in 1988 by the merger of Waterschei Thor with KFC Winterslag, from which it took over the matricule number.  It has been one of the most successful clubs in Belgium since the late 1990s and so they regularly qualify for European competitions. The club has been playing in the first division since the 1996–97 season. They play their home matches in the Cegeka Arena. Their main outfit is blue and white.
Claes Tholin
Claes Emil Tholin (born 22 October 1860 in the former Södra Säm parish near Gällstad, Älvsborgs län) was the first leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party 1896–1907, after collective leadership had been applied in 1889–1896. He was a tailor by occupation. In the years 1880–1890 he worked in Copenhagen and became a member of the tailor's union board there. After returning to Sweden he continued his work as a tailor while becoming a leading force in the Swedish social democratic movement.

In 1907, he was hired by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (the "LO" - Landsorganisationen i Sverige) as their organizing ombudsman, coordinating organization efforts and speaking at rallies. He continued this work until 1919, when he became a member of Work Council tasked by the government with implementing the eight hour day.

Swedish Trade Union Confederation
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Swedish: Landsorganisationen i Sverige [ˈlânː(d)sɔrɡanɪsaˌɧuːnɛn iː ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ⓘ; literally "The National Organisation in Sweden"), commonly referred to as LO ([ˈɛ̂lːuː] ⓘ), is a national trade union centre, an umbrella organisation for thirteen Swedish trade unions that organise mainly "blue-collar" workers. The Confederation, which gathers around 1.5 million employees out of Sweden's 10 million people population, was founded in 1898 by blue-collar unions on the initiative of the 1897 Scandinavian Labour Congress and the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which almost exclusively was made up by trade unions. In 2019 union density of Swedish blue-collar workers was 60%, a decline by seventeen percentage points since 2006 when blue-collar union density was 77%. A strong contributing factor was the considerably raised fees to union unemployment funds in January 2007 made by the new centre-right government.
Monika Kompaníková
Monika Kompaníková (born 1979) is a Slovak writer, editor and publisher. She studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bratislava. She has written books for adults as well as books for children, and has won many prizes. In addition, she has also written lyrics, journal columns, and reportage pieces. She works at the Slovak newspaper Denník N.

Her work has been translated into 15 languages. In 2011, she won the Anasoft Litera Prize for her novel Piata loď, (Boat Number Five, 2010). The film version, titled Little Harbour, won the Crystal Bear at the Berlinale Film Festival in 2017.

Denník N
Denník N is an independent Slovak daily newspaper and digital news outlet founded in 2015 in Bratislava. It is regarded as one of the most influential independent media organizations in Slovakia, with a business model built primarily on reader subscriptions.
St Rollox Chemical Works
St Rollox Chemical Works was an industrial manufacturer of chemicals located in Glasgow, Scotland, that began in 1799 and stood until 1964. It was created by Scottish industrialist Charles Tennant and owned and operated by his family and descendants. It was described as the largest plant in Europe, if not the world.

Solvay process
The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2CO3). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this  are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries). The worldwide production of soda ash in 2005 was estimated at 42 million tonnes, which is more than six kilograms (13 lb) per year for each person on Earth. Solvay-based chemical plants now produce roughly three-quarters of this supply, with the remaining being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process.
Choya Umeshu
Choya Umeshu Co., Ltd. (チョーヤ梅酒株式会社, Chōya Umeshu Kabushiki-gaisha), or Choya, is a Japanese company headquartered in Habikino, Osaka, Japan, which specializes in the production and sales of umeshu plum liqueur. Its other main businesses include brandy, sake, wine, and foods. The company started producing umeshu in 1959. As of 2011, the company's products are distributed to more than 60 countries.

Monde Selection
Monde Selection is an annual non-competitive award open to food, drinks, and cosmetics products, created in 1961. It is run by the commercial company, International Institute for Quality Selections, Brussels, Belgium. Consumer products are tasted and tested in order to grant them a quality label awarded by the International Quality Institute.

Monde Selection states that "This bronze, silver, gold or grand gold quality label can be compared to the quality stars of a hotel or those of the Michelin Guide." However, while both processes are anonymous, Michelin chooses the hotels and restaurants it reviews and pays for everything. Only products who pay the entry fee are reviewed by Monde Selection. Unlike Olympic gold, silver and bronze medals, where only one of each is awarded per event, there are no limits to how many can be awarded in each category.
Mount Villard
Mount Villard (12,350 feet (3,760 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is one of the tallest in the Beartooth Mountains and is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests. Hidden Glacier lies to the northwest of the peak.

Custer National Forest
Custer National Forest is located primarily in the south central part of the U.S. state of Montana but also has separate sections in northwestern South Dakota. With a total area of 1,188,130 acres (4,808 km2), the forest comprises over 10 separate sections. While in the westernmost sections, Custer National Forest is a part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the easternmost sections are a combination of forest "islands" and grasslands. A portion of the forest is also part of the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness and constitutes over a third of the wilderness land. South of Red Lodge, Montana, the Beartooth Highway (U.S. 212) passes through the forest en route to Yellowstone National Park.

The eastern areas are dominated by large stands of ponderosa pine surrounded by grasslands, which are often leased to local ranchers for cattle grazing.
Butalia
Butalia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Pankaj Butalia (born 1950), Indian documentary filmmaker

Romola Butalia (fl. 2003), Indian writer

Urvashi Butalia (born 1952), Indian writer

Urvashi Butalia
Urvashi Butalia (born 1952) is an Indian feminist writer, publisher and activist. She is known for her work in the women's movement of India, as well as for authoring books such as The Other Side of Silence: Voices from and the Partition of India and Speaking Peace: Women's Voices from Kashmir. She is a visiting professor at Ashoka University.

Along with Ritu Menon, she co-founded Kali for Women, India's first feminist publishing house, in 1984. In 2003, she founded Zubaan Books, an imprint of Kali for Women.

In 2011, Butalia and Menon were jointly awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, for their work in Literature and Education.
Copelatus pandanorum
Copelatus pandanorum is a species of diving beetle. It is part of the genus Copelatus in the subfamily Copelatinae of the family Dytiscidae. It was described by Hugh Scott in 1912.

Scott collected specimens from the Seychelles islands of Praslin, Silhouette, and Mahé.

Copelatini
Copelatini is a tribe of diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. It is the sole tribe in the subfamily Copelatinae. The largest genus within the tribe is Copelatus, which has about 470 described species found worldwide, but most diverse in tropical South America, Africa and South-East Asia.

Genera accepted within the tribe:

Agaporomorphus

Aglymbus

Capelatus

Copelatus

Exocelina

Lacconectus

Liopterus

Madaglymbus