hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trams in Duisburg
The Duisburg tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Duisburg) is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Duisburg, a city in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Opened in 1881, the network has been operated since 1940 by the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft (DVG) and is integrated into the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR). It now forms part of the larger Duisburg Stadtbahn system, which in turn makes up part of the Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn system.

Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr
Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) (German: [fɐˈkeːɐ̯sfɐˌbʊnt ˌʁaɪ̯n ˈʁuːɐ̯]), is a public transport association (Verkehrsverbund) in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It covers large parts of the Ruhr area, the Lower Rhine region including Düsseldorf and the Rhine-Ruhr conurbation. It was founded on 1 January 1980, and is Europe’s largest public Transport association, covering an area of some 7,305 km2 (2,820 sq mi) with around 7.8 million inhabitants, spanning as far as Dorsten in the north, Dortmund in the east, Langenfeld in the south, and the Dutch border in the west and northwest.
Angelo Nikolopoulos
Angelo Nikolopoulos (born September 24, 1981) is an American poet.

Nikolopoulos's first book of poems, Obscenely Yours, was published by Alice James Books in April 2013  and was a finalist for the 2014 Lambda Literary Award for Poetry. His second book of poetry, Pleasure, is forthcoming from Four Way Books.

His poems have appeared in The Best American Poetry (2012), Best New Poets (2011), Boston Review, Fence, Los Angeles Review of Books, New York Quarterly, Poetry Society of America, Tin House, TriQuarterly, and elsewhere.

Best New Poets
The Best New Poets series consists of annual poetry anthologies, each containing fifty poems from poets without a previously published collection.  The first edition of the series appeared in 2005, and was published, as all later editions have been, by Samovar Press.  In 2006, the University of Virginia Press began distributing the anthology.
Mathomatic
Mathomatic is a free, portable, general-purpose computer algebra system (CAS) that can symbolically solve, simplify, combine and compare algebraic equations, and can perform complex number, modular, and polynomial arithmetic, along with standard arithmetic. It can perform symbolic calculus (derivative, extrema, Taylor series, and polynomial integration and Laplace transforms), numerical integration, and can handle all elementary algebra except logarithms. Trigonometric functions can be entered and manipulated using complex exponentials, with the GNU m4 preprocessor.  Not currently implemented are general functions such as f(x), arbitrary-precision and interval arithmetic, as well as matrices.

M4 (computer language)
m4 is a general-purpose macro processor included in most Unix-like operating systems, and is a component of the POSIX standard.

The language was designed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie for the original versions of UNIX. It is an extension of an earlier macro processor, m3, written by Ritchie for an unknown AP-3 minicomputer.

The macro preprocessor operates as a text-replacement tool. It is employed to re-use text templates, typically in computer programming applications, but also in text editing and text-processing applications. Most users require m4 as a dependency of GNU autoconf and GNU Bison.
Johannes Jensen (aviator)
Lieutenant Johannes Jensen (17 April 1898 – 7 February 1978) was a German World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

Jensen piloted a Fokker D.VII for Jagdstaffel 57 during 1918. He scored his first aerial victory on 17 April 1918. During August and September, he shot down four more British aircraft. On 2 October, he was credited with destroying an observation balloon. A seventh victory went unconfirmed.

Johannes Jensen died in Aalen, Germany, on 7 February 1978.

Fokker D.VII
The Fokker D.VII is a German World War I fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz of the Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. Germany produced around 3,300 D.VII aircraft in the second half of 1918. In service with the Luftstreitkräfte, the D.VII quickly proved itself to be a formidable aircraft. The Armistice ending the war specifically required, as the fourth clause of the "Clauses Relating to the Western Front", that Germany was required to surrender all D.VIIs to the Allies. Surviving aircraft saw much service with many countries in the years after World War I.
Birmingham All Saints
Birmingham All Saints was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Birmingham, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Elections were held using the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created in 1955 and abolished in 1974.

Birmingham Ladywood
Birmingham Ladywood is a constituency in the city of Birmingham that was created in 1918. The seat has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom  by Shabana Mahmood of the Labour Party since 2010. Mahmood currently serves as Home Secretary under the government of Keir Starmer.
Hopar Valley
The Hopper Valley (Urdu: وادی ہوپر), also spelled Hopar Valley, is a section of the Nagar Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is situated approximately 10 km from Nagar Khas, the main city of the Nagar Valley. Hopper Valley is known for the Spantik and Hopper glaciers.

Nagarkhas
Nagarkhas (Urdu: نگرخاص), also known as Oyum-Nagar, serves as the administrative center for the Nagar District in Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan and is one of the main towns of the district. Located along the Nagar River, this town also held the distinction of being the capital of the erstwhile princely state of Nagar.

Today, the renowned Karakoram Highway traverses through Nagar, establishing a crucial connection between  Pakistan and China via the Khunjerab Pass.  This roadway traces the course of the Hunza-Nagar River for a portion of its journey, passing through Nagar and extending into the Hunza District.
Rosa Honung
Rosa Honung is a record company started in the early 1980s and focused on punk rock. Rosa Honung existed as a cultural association in the 1970s before being registered as a company. They are notable both for their roster and their feud with Asta Kask where the record company trademarked their name. Rosa Honung also tried to become a publisher to rival STIM.

Rosa Honung published records with artists such as Asta Kask, Rolands Gosskör, Tredje Könet, Weaselface, Strebers, Livin' Sacrifice, The Bristles and Incest Brothers as well jazz musicians such as Jan Johansson and Lars Gullin. Rosa Honung have also released Feels like a woman with The Troggs. Rosa Honung is mostly known for the record by Asta Kask. Carola released her first records, then in the group Standby, on Rosa Honung, before breaking through with  "Främling" in Melodifestivalen.

Mart Hällgren of De Lyckliga Kompisarna have written a song against Rosa Honung called Rosa Honungs grav.

Carola Häggkvist
Carola Maria Häggkvist (Swedish: [kaˈrôːla ˈhɛ̂ɡːkvɪst] ⓘ; born 8 September 1966), best known mononymously as Carola, is a Swedish singer. She has been among Sweden's most popular performers since the early 1980s and has released albums ranging from pop and disco to hymns and folk music. Her debut album, Främling (1983), sold around one million copies and remains the biggest-selling album in Swedish music history. During her career, she has recorded many top-selling albums and singles and is referred to as Sweden's most prominent female singer. Some of her biggest hits are "Främling", "Tommy tycker om mig", "Fångad av en stormvind", "All the Reasons to Live", "I Believe in Love", "Genom allt", and "Evighet". Besides Swedish, she has also released records in Dutch, German, English, Norwegian and Japanese.

Häggkvist has represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions: in 1983, finishing third; in 1991, winning the contest; and in 2006, finishing fifth.
Tehri Assembly constituency
13-Tehri Legislative Assembly constituency is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India.

Tehri Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency).

Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency
Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency is one of the five Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttarakhand. This constituency came into existence in 1957, following the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies. It comprises the districts of Dehradun (part), Tehri Garhwal (part) and Uttarakashi.
Human Powered Health (women's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPH) is a women's professional cycling team founded in 2012 which currently competes in the UCI Women's World Tour. In 2022, Human Powered Health became the first co-educational professional cycling team to promote its women's team to the WorldTour level ahead of its men's program.

The team was founded as Optum-Kelly Benefit Strategies and was initially directed by Rachel Heal. The team's current sports directors are Joanne Kiesanowski and Andrew Bajadali.

UCI Women's World Tour
The UCI Women's World Tour is the premier annual female elite road cycling tour. As of 2025, the tour includes 27 events in Europe, Asia and Oceania – with one-day races such as Strade Bianche Donne and Paris–Roubaix Femmes, stage races such as Women's Tour Down Under, as well as week long stage races (sometimes referred to as a "Grand Tour") such as Tour de France Femmes.
Princess Princess Tour 2012: Saikai at Budokan
Princess Princess Tour 2012: Saikai at Budokan (PRINCESS PRINCESS TOUR 2012～再会～at 武道館) is a live video album by the Japanese girl band Princess Princess, released on March 27, 2013, by SME Records on DVD and Blu-ray, and CD. It was recorded on November 23, 2012, at Nippon Budokan during the band's reunion tour, with proceeds of the album's sales going to the reconstruction of Japan after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

The video peaked at No. 18 on Oricon's DVD chart and No. 14 on Oricon's Blu-ray chart.

All-female band
An all-female band is a musical group in popular music that is exclusively composed of female musicians. This is distinct from a girl group, in which the female members are solely vocalists, though this terminology is not universally followed. While all-male bands are common in many rock and pop scenes, all-female bands are less common.
Buboy Villar
Robert "Buboy" Tamayo Villar Jr. (born March 21, 1998) is a Filipino actor, comedian, host and singer. In 2024, he was formerly one of the main presenters of a Philippine noontime show, Tahanang Pinakamasaya!. Villar is signed under GMA Network's talent agency Sparkle.

Sparkle GMA Artist Center
Sparkle (stylized in all caps, formerly known as GMA Artist Center, also formally as GMA Talent Development and Management Department and Sparkle GMA Artist Center) is the talent agency owned by GMA Network Inc. based in Quezon City, Philippines that was founded on August 12, 1995.
Ambisagrus
In Gallo-Roman religion, Ambisagrus was a Gaulish god worshipped at Aquileia in Cisalpine Gaul, where he was identified with Jupiter Optimus Maximus.

The name may be composed of the Proto-Celtic prefix *ambi- ('around') and root *sagro-.

Gallo-Roman religion
Gallo-Roman religion is a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Gaulish language speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule. It was the result of selective acculturation.
Fourth siege of Szenttamás
The fourth siege of Szenttamás (now Srbobran, in the South Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia) was a siege during the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848-1849, as a part of the Serb uprising of 1848–49, on 3 April 1849, carried out by the Hungarian Army under the command of General Mór Perczel against the Serbian fortified encampment in Szenttamás and Turia held by the Serb insurgents led by Captain Jovan Stefanović Vilovski. The Serbian fortified camp of Szenttamás was considered impregnable by the Hungarians, as in the Summer and Fall of 1848 they failed three times to capture it. But with the start of the Hungarian Spring Campaign of 1849, General Perczel began to score victories after victories against the Serbs, and on 3 April, he managed to capture also Szenttamás, after a heroic Serbian resistance. After this victory, Perczel's troops continued to advance toward the Hungarian fortress of Pétervárad, and relieve it after half of year of Serbian and Austrian blockade.

Jovan Stefanović Vilovski
Jovan Stefanović Vilovski (1821-1902) was one of the early Serbian scientist hydrologists who studied the waters in the March, situated along the Pannonian rivers, the Danube, Sava and the Tisa.

He was a general staff major in the Austro-Hungarian army. During the 1848 Revolution, he participated on the side of the Conservative wing around Patriarch Josif Rajačić. He also fought at the Battle of Solferino.

In 1865 he retired and moved from Srem to Vienna where he then began to pursue hydrology. He authored 60 important papers, mainly on the amelioration and regulation of the rivers Tisza and the Danube. He left an extensive memoir in manuscript form.

His work "From the Life of an Officer ..." (Zemun, 1863), written in the Slavoserbian alphabet, served as one of the sources for the Dictionary of Serbo-Croatian Literary and Folk Language in an edition of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Old Fourth Ward Historic District
The Old Fourth Ward Historic District in Janesville, Wisconsin is a large old working-class neighborhood southwest of the downtown, comprising about 1100 contributing structures built from the 1840s to 1930. In 1990 the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.
Emily Summers
Emily Summers (born 1945), is an American interior designer. She is president and CEO of Emily Summers Design Associates. Beginning her design career in 1979, she became known for her collaboration with architects and artists along with the collection, commission, and architectural installation of fine art into projects. Her firm, Emily Summers Design Associates, has been recognized for using unexpected materials, creating custom pieces for each project, and combining them with 20th-century furniture and decorative objects for clients. 
Summers is also recognized for her involvement in urban planning, museums and fine art, higher education, and historic preservation.

Dallas Museum of Art
The Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) is an art museum located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas, along Woodall Rodgers Freeway between St. Paul and Harwood. In the 1970s, the museum moved from its previous location in Fair Park to the Arts District. The new building was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes and John MY Lee Associates, the 2007 winner of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal. The construction of the building spanned in stages over a decade.

The museum collection is made up of more than 24,000 objects, dating from the third millennium BC to the present day. It is known for its dynamic exhibition policy and educational programs. The Mildred R. and Frederick M. Mayer Library (the museum's non-circulating research library) contains over 50,000 volumes available to curators and the general public. With 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2) of exhibition spaces, it is one of the largest art museums in the United States.
Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed. The section is also known as the reasonable limits clause  or limitations clause, as it legally allows the government to limit an individual's Charter rights.  This limitation on rights has been used in the last twenty years to prevent a variety of objectionable conduct such as child pornography (e.g., in R v Sharpe), hate speech (e.g., in R v Keegstra), and obscenity (e.g., in R v Butler).

When the government has limited an individual's right, there is an onus upon the Crown to show, on the balance of probabilities, firstly, that the limitation was prescribed by law namely, that the law is attuned to the values of accessibility and intelligibility; and secondly, that it is justified in a free and democratic society, which means that it must have a justifiable purpose and must be proportional.

Obscenity
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus, obscaenus, "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage in expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war". As a legal term, it usually refers to descriptions and depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity.
The Week (Indian magazine)
The Week is an Indian news magazine founded in the year 1982 and published by The Malayala Manorama Co. Pvt. Ltd. The magazine is published from Kochi and is currently printed in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kottayam. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it is the largest circulated English news magazine in India.

The magazine covers politics, entertainment, social issues, trends, technology and lifestyle.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Spitzner
Spitzner is a surname of German origin. Notable persons with the surname include:

Erwin Spitzner (born 1994), Brazilian soccer player

Franz Ernst Heinrich Spitzner (1787–1841), German educator

Renate Spitzner (born 1943), Austrian composer

Václav Spitzner (1852–1907), Czech botanist

Renate Spitzner
Renate Spitzner (born 28 May 1943 in Prague, Czech Republic) is an Austrian composer (member of the "OeGZM" – Austrian Society of contemporary music), musician, music pedagogue, music therapist and founder of the "Music-social Method" – "Musisch-soziale Methode". Spitzner studied violin, organ, piano, trumpet, music education and music therapy. She absolved the University of Music at Vienna.

At her work at the psychiatric hospital "Baumgartnerhöhe" in Vienna, Austria, she developed the "Music-social Method" in which patients and professional musician play together. For that common play-together music pieces of the classic period are specially adapted or also new composed. First time the "Music-social method" has been recognized and approved at the "United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons 1983–1992". Spitzner is the mother of the Austrian composer Gerald Spitzner.
Mackenzie Willis
Mackenzie Willis (born 7 August 1995) is an Australian rules footballer who currently plays for the Southport Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He previously for the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Willis was drafted by Gold Coast with their fourth selection and fifty-second overall in the 2015 national draft. He made his debut in the 120 point loss against Geelong in round 6, 2016 at Simonds Stadium. He was delisted by Gold Coast at the conclusion of the 2018 season.

Willis played for Southport in the club's six-point 2024 VFL grand final loss to Werribee.

Werribee Football Club
The Werribee Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Werribee. The club was formed in 1964 and currently plays in the Victorian Football League (VFL). It is the western-most Melbourne-based VFL club as of 2021.
Bodrogkeresztúr
Bodrogkeresztúr (shortly, "Keresztúr", Yiddish: קערעסטיר) is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, in the Tokaj District, Hungary.

Before World War II, there was a sizable Jewish community in Bodrogkeresztúr. At its height, there were 535 Jews in the community, but most of them were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust in Hungary.

Rabbi Yeshaya Steiner of the Kerestir Hasidic dynasty lived Bodrogkeresztúr at 67 Kossuth Utca. The house still serves tens of thousands of people annually, especially on the anniversary of his death.

Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County
Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén (Hungarian: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegye, pronounced [ˈborʃod ˈɒbɒuːj ˈzɛmpleːn]; Slovak: Boršodsko-abovsko-zemplínska) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in north-eastern Hungary (commonly called "Northern Hungary"), on the border with Slovakia (Košice Region). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú–Bihar and Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg. The capital of Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén county is Miskolc. Of the seven statistical regions of Hungary it belongs to the region Northern Hungary.

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the second largest county of Hungary both by area (after Bács–Kiskun) and by population (after Pest County). It is the only Hungarian county with two UNESCO World Heritage Sites (the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst and the Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape).
Brontoscorpio
Brontoscorpio is an extinct genus of possible scorpion that lived in the Early Devonian. Remains of the only known species, Brontoscorpio anglicus, were discovered in the St. Maughan's Formation, Lochkovian-aged (previously also considered as late Silurian) sandstone from Trimpley, Worcestershire.

Lochkovian
The Lochkovian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 million years ago to 413.02 ± 1.91 million years ago. It marked the beginning of the Devonian Period, and was followed by the Pragian Stage. It is named after the village of Lochkov in the Czech Republic, now part of the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Lochkow Formation at the Klonk Section in Prague.

In North America the Lochkovian Stage is represented by Gedinnian or Helderbergian time.
Showboy
Showboy is a 2002 mockumentary film that was produced by Jason Buchtel, directed by Christian Taylor and Lindy Heymann, and written by and starring the three. It has cameos by Whoopi Goldberg, Siegfried & Roy, Alan Ball and the cast of the television series Six Feet Under.

Alan Ball (screenwriter)
Alan Erwin Ball (born May 13, 1957) is an American writer and director for film and television. Ball is best known for writing the screenplay for the dramedy film American Beauty (1999), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 72nd Academy Awards ceremony. He also created the HBO drama series Six Feet Under (2001–2005) and True Blood (2008–2014), and served as an executive producer on the Cinemax action drama series Banshee (2013–2016). He wrote and directed the films Towelhead (2007) and Uncle Frank (2020).