hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kuban bridgehead
The Kuban Bridgehead (German: Kuban-Brückenkopf), also known as the "Goth's head position" (Gotenkopfstellung), was a German military position on the Taman Peninsula, Russia, between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Existing from January to October 1943, the bridgehead formed after the Germans were pushed out of the Caucasus. The heavily fortified position was intended as a staging area for the Wehrmacht which was to be used to renew attacks towards the oil wells of the Caucasus. Axis positions in the bridgehead were repeatedly subjected to large Soviet offensives, but none ever comprehensively broke the Axis defensive lines. The bridgehead was abandoned when the Red Army breached the Panther–Wotan line, forcing an evacuation of the German forces across the Kerch Strait to Crimea.

Bridgehead
In military strategy, a bridgehead (or bridge-head) is the strategically important area of ground around the end of a bridge or other place of possible crossing over a body of water which at time of conflict is sought to be defended or taken over by the belligerent forces.

Bridgeheads typically exist for only a few days, the invading forces either being thrown back or expanding the bridgehead to create a secure defensive lodgement area, before breaking out into enemy territory, such as when the U.S. 9th Armored Division seized the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen in 1945 during World War II.  In some cases a bridgehead may exist for months.
Maarouk
Maarouk (Arabic: معروك, romanized: maʿrūk), Marook, or "Ramadan bread", is a traditional Syrian leavened sweet bread common in Levantine cuisine. It is made into a variety of shapes and sizes, and is stuffed with various fillings. It is very popular during the month of Ramadan, and is traditionally stuffed with date paste, and flavored with mahleb.

Ka'ak
Ka'ak (Arabic: كَعك [kaʕk], also transliterated kaak), is a baked good of varying types produced throughout the Arab world and the Near East. The bread, in Middle Eastern countries, is similar to a dry and hardened biscuit and mostly ring-shaped. A similar pastry called "kue kaak" is also popular in Indonesia.
Marrack
Marrack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Marrack Goulding KCMG (1936–2010), British diplomat who served more than eleven years as Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations

Abi Marrack of Echo Beach (TV series), British teen drama series that aired on ITV in 2008

Hugh Marrack, CBE, DSC (1888–1972), submarine specialist in the Royal Navy, Commodore Superintendent, Gibraltar, 1943–45

John Marrack, DSO, MC (1886–1976), the Emeritus Professor of Chemical Pathology in the University of London

Philippa Marrack FRS is an English biologist, based in the United States

Hugh Marrack
Hugh Richard Marrack (5 July 1888 – 12 February 1972) was a submarine specialist serving in the British Royal Navy, who commanded both the Portland and China Submarine flotillas and was Commodore Superintendent, Gibraltar, 1943–45. Marrack later became an ADC to King George VI.
Bill Anderson (1940s pitcher)
William Albert "Fireman" Anderson (January 25, 1913 – March 25, 1971) was an American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues in the 1940s.

A native of Brevard, North Carolina, Anderson played mostly with the New York Cubans from 1941 to 1946, and briefly with the Homestead Grays in 1943 and the Newark Eagles in 1947. He also played with the Drummondville Royals of the Provincial League in 1953. Anderson died in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1971 at age 58.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Subscapular artery
The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises from the third part of the axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis muscle, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries, and with the descending branch of the dorsal scapular artery (a.k.a. deep branch of the transverse cervical artery if it arises from the cervical trunk), and ends in the neighboring muscles.

About 4 cm from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery.

From the thoracodorsal artery, it supplies latissimus dorsi, while the scapular circumflex artery participates in the scapular anastamosis. It terminates in an anastomosis with the dorsal scapular artery.

Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.
Close-mid front rounded vowel
The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is ⟨ø⟩, a lowercase letter o with a diagonal stroke through it, borrowed from Danish, Norwegian, and Faroese, which sometimes use the letter to represent the sound. This sound is represented by the letter ⟨ø⟩ in those languages of Scandinavia; by the digraphs ⟨eu⟩ and ⟨œu⟩ (using the ⟨œ⟩ ligature) in French; and by ⟨ö⟩ in several languages, including the North Germanic languages Swedish and Icelandic, and the Finno-Ugric languages Estonian and Finnish. The symbol is commonly referred to as a "slashed o" in English.

For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ʏ⟩, see near-close front rounded vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨ø⟩, the vowel is listed here.

Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the first ligature and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are often merged to create ⟨ﬁ⟩ (where the tittle on the ⟨i⟩ merges with the hood of the ⟨f⟩); the same is true of ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ to create ⟨ﬆ⟩. The common ampersand, ⟨&⟩, developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨t⟩ (spelling et, Latin for 'and') were combined.
Separation (1967 film)
Separation is a 1967 British experimental psychological drama film directed by Jack Bond and starring Jane Arden, David de Keyser, Ann Lynn and Iain Quarrier. It was written by Arden. The mostly black and white film occasionally cuts to colour sequences.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
Paradiskullen
Paradiskullen is a ski jumping hill in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, and is also a local landmark as it can be seen from downtown Örnsköldsvik. It consists of a normal hill with a K-point of 90 and a hill size of 100, and nearby there are also a few smaller hills, one medium hill and three small hills, as part of the complex. The hill was originally constructed in 1961, and renovated in 1991 and 1992, but had to be moved slightly as the Bothnia Line railway line was being built. The normal hill was reconstructed about 40 m (130 ft) away from its original site, and the smaller hills further away. It is used by the local ski jumping club IF Friska Viljor and various international competitions have been held at the venue through the years, such as the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup and FIS Cup.

Construction point
The construction point (German: Konstruktionspunkt), also known as the K-point or K-spot and formerly critical point, is a line across a ski jumping hill. It is used to calculate the number of points granted for a given jump. It is also called calculation point or calculation line.
Zeisler
Zeisler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Zeisler (1892–1985), American film producer, director, actor and screenwriter

Andi Zeisler, American journalist and writer

Bat-Sheva Zeisler, Israeli vocalist, actress, and voice teacher

Claire Zeisler (1903–1991), American fiber artist who expanded the expressive qualities of knotted and braided threads

Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler (1863–1927), Austrian-born U.S. pianist

Klaus Zeisler, East German sprint canoeist who competed in the mid-1970s

Sigmund Zeisler (1860–1931), Austrian-born U.S. attorney, known for his defense of radicals in Chicago in the 1880s

Sigmund Zeisler
Sigmund Zeisler (1860–1931) was a German-Jewish U.S. attorney born in Austria and known for his defense of radicals in Chicago in the 1880s.  His wife was the famed concert pianist Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler.
Guglielmo II da Verona
Guglielmo II da Verona (died 1273/1275) was a  Lombard noble from the triarchy of Negroponte (Euboea), considered by earlier historians as a triarch and a marshal of the principality of Achaea in Frankish Greece.

He was the second son of Guglielmo I da Verona, ruler of the southern third ("triarchy") of Euboea.

According to earlier historians following K. Hopf, he succeeded to this position upon his father's death in 1263/6. He was also thought to have become Baron of Passavant and marshal in the Principality of Achaea from an hypothetical marriage to Margaret de Neuilly, because he was improperly called "marshal" in Sanudo's Istoria di Romania. These views have been challenged by  Raymond-Joseph Loenertz in the 1960s.

He married Catherine, a niece of William II of Villehardouin, with whom he had no known child.

Guglielmo was killed in the Battle of Demetrias, which took place either in 1273 or in 1275 in the area of modern Volos.

Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Principality of Morea was one of the vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Epirus in 1224. After this, Achaea became the dominant power in Greece, lasting continuously for 227 years and cumulatively for 229.
Oriented structural straw board
Oriented structural straw board (OSSB) is an engineered board that is made by splitting straw and formed by adding methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and then hot compressing layers of straw in specific orientations. Research and development for OSSB panels began in the mid 1980s and was spearheaded by the Alberta Research Council, Canada (today AITF).

Straw
Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. It makes up about half of the yield by weight of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat. It has a number of different uses, including fuel, livestock bedding and fodder, thatching and basket making.

Straw is usually gathered and stored in a straw bale, which is a bale, or bundle, of straw tightly bound with twine, wire, or string. Straw bales may be square, rectangular, star shaped or round, and can be very large, depending on the type of baler used.
Seven Natural Wonders (CNN)
Seven Natural Wonders is an organization that was created with the mission of protecting and promoting the natural wonders of the world. The project was launched in 2008 in response to the New 7 Wonders efforts to change the natural wonders of the world. This announcement was made following the campaign's efforts to establish a new list of modern man-made wonders.

Seven Natural Wonders was established to protect the original vision and declaration of the seven natural wonders of the world. Their list of the natural wonders includes:

Aurora Borealis (also known as the northern lights)

Grand Canyon, Arizona, United States

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Harbor of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Mount Everest, Nepal and Tibet

Parícutin, Mexico

Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe

This list is the same as the one compiled by CNN in 1997.

The mission of Seven Natural Wonders is 'to promote and protect the natural wonders of the world.'

Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay (Portuguese: baía de Guanabara, baía da Guanabara, IPA: [baˈi.ɐ da ɡwɐnaˈbaɾɐ]) is an oceanic bay in Southeast Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lie the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, and on its eastern shore are the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Four other municipalities surround the bay's shores. Guanabara Bay is the second largest bay in area in Brazil (after the All Saints' Bay), at 412 square kilometres (159 sq mi), with a perimeter of 143 kilometres (89 mi).

Guanabara Bay is 31 kilometres (19 mi) long and 28 kilometres (17 mi) wide at its maximum. Its 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) wide mouth is flanked at the eastern tip by the Pico do Papagaio (Parrot's Peak) and the western tip by Pão de Açúcar (Sugar Loaf).

The name Guanabara comes from the Tupi language, goanã-pará, from gwa "bay", plus nã "similar to" and ba'ra "sea". Other glosses include hidden water, lagoon of the sea, and bosom of the sea.
10660 Felixhormuth
10660 Felixhormuth, provisional designation 4348 T-1, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after German astronomer Felix Hormuth.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
2013 San Marino CEPU Open – Doubles
Lukáš Dlouhý and Michal Mertiňák were the defending champions, but Dlouhý chose not to compete. Mertiňák played with Mikhail Elgin but lost to eventual runners-up Daniele Bracciali and Florin Mergea. Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler won the title 6–2, 6–4 over Bracciali and Mergea.

Simon Stadler
Simon Stadler (German pronunciation: [ˈziːmɔn ˈʃtaːdlɐ]; born 20 July 1983 in Heidelberg, West Germany) is a German retired professional left-handed tennis player. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 140 in February 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 52 in February 2014.
Lalu Wetlands National Nature Preserve
Lalu Wetlands National Nature Reserve, also known as Lhasa Wetlands Nature Preserve, protects 625 hectares (1,540 acres) of wetlands in the center of Lhasa City, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the southwestern People’s Republic of China. The wetlands are completely surrounded by Lhasa, and constitute the largest urban park in the world and the largest urban wetlands in the world.

The preserve, initially created in 1994 as an urban park by the mayor of Lhasa with the support of his council, was subsequently made into a regional level preserve by the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1999, and then elevated to national protection status on July 25, 2005. This preserve is also recognized as being of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on wetlands.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Elusates
The Elusates were an Aquitani tribe dwelling in the modern Gers department, around present-day Eauze, France during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

They were subjugated in 56 BC by the Roman forces of Caesar's legatus P. Licinius Crassus.

Gers
Gers (French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁ(s)]; Occitan: Gers or Gerç, [dʒɛɾs]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southwestern France. Gers is bordered by the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Haute-Garonne and Tarn-et-Garonne to the east, Lot-et-Garonne to the north and Landes to the west. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the Gersois and Gersoises in French. In 2019, it had a population of 191,377.
Matthew 6:11
Matthew 6:11 is the eleventh verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and forms part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the third one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This brief verse contains the fourth petition to God.

A Greek–English Lexicon
A Greek–English Lexicon, often referred to as Liddell & Scott (/ˈlɪdəl/) or Liddell–Scott–Jones (LSJ), is a standard lexicographical work of the Ancient Greek language originally edited by Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Roderick McKenzie and published in 1843 by the Oxford University Press.

It was most recently revised for its ninth edition of 1940. Abridged versions and a supplement exist. It was initially the basis for the 2021 Cambridge Greek Lexicon, although subsequently that became a complete rewrite from scratch.
Belford (name)
Belford is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Cameron Belford (born 1988), English footballer

Charles Belford (1837–1880), Irish Canadian journalist

Dale Belford (born 1967), English footballer,

James B. Belford (1837–1910), American politician

James Franklin Beatty Belford, Canadian politician

Joseph M. Belford (1852–1917), American politician

Ken Belford (1946–2020), Canadian poet

Given name:

Belford Hendricks (1909–1977), aka Belford Cabell Hendricks & Belford Clifford Hendricks, American composer, pianist, arranger, conductor and record producer

Belford Lawson Jr. (1901–1985), American lawyer and activist

David Belford West (1896–1973), American football player

Ronald Belford Scott (1946–1980), former singer of AC/DC

Charles Belford
Charles Belford (April 25, 1837 – December 19, 1880) was a journalist and publisher from County Cork, Ireland.

Belford came to Canada with two younger brothers in 1857 and later they formed Belford Brothers publishing. Since there was no international copyright agreement at the time, they took advantage of the Canadian Copyright Act of 1875 to reprint many authors, most notably Mark Twain, when it was legal to do so; the unauthorized editions were then sold in the United States as well as Canada.  Twain estimated that the Belford Brothers' edition of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer alone had cost him ten thousand dollars.

The company was successful and eventually was absorbed into the Rand McNally Company after Charles had left.
Yaylabaşı, Artuklu
Yaylabaşı (Kurdish: Şatih) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Surgucu tribe and had a population of 249 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Great Food Live
Great Food Live, formerly Good Food Live, was a British magazine programme hosted by Jeni Barnett and broadcast on UKTVFood part of the UKTV Network between 2001 and 2007. Jeni Barnett was joined every day by a chef co-host. The first co-hosts were Simon Rimmer, Paul Hollywood, Ed Baines and Paul Merrett, and later included Antony Worrall Thompson, Brian Turner, Sophie Grigson and Alan Coxon. Guest chefs demonstrated recipes, there were phone-ins, celebrity guests, and features on wine & spirits, new products and speciality foods. GFL was produced by independent production company, Prospect Pictures, its Editor was Elaine Bancroft, and Deputy Editor, Nikki Cooper.

The show was taken off the air on 6 April 2007 and a new show called Market Kitchen followed from 16 April 2007, featuring Tana Ramsay, Tom Parker Bowles, Rachel Allen, Matthew Fort and Matt Tebbutt.

Sophie Grigson
Hester Sophia Frances Grigson (born 19 June 1959) is an English cookery writer and celebrity cook. She has followed the same path and career as her mother, Jane Grigson. Her father was the poet and writer Geoffrey Grigson, and her half-brother was musician and educator Lionel Grigson.