hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Andrews
Joshua Andrews (1708? – 1793) was a Welsh Baptist minister. Following studies at Bristol Academy he served as a lay preacher at Pen-y-garn. He was ordained c.1740, assisting Miles Harry with special charge of the cause at Usk for a short time before relocating to Llanwenarth.  In 1745 he was appointed minister of Olchon, and of Capel-y-ffin (twenty miles from Olchon), where he remained until his death following a long illness, in 1793.

Usk
Usk (Welsh: Brynbuga) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Newport. It is located on the River Usk, which is spanned by an arched stone bridge at the western entrance to the town. Usk Castle, above the town, overlooks the ancient crossing point. It developed as a small market town, with some industry including the making of Japanware, and with a notable prison built in 1841–42. In recent years, Usk has become known for its history of success in Britain in Bloom competitions, winning the "Wales in Bloom" competition 35 times in a row between 1982 and 2016. The resident population of the town in 2011 was 2,834, decreasing to roughly 2,600 in 2021. 6.8% of the population are recorded as being able to speak Welsh.
Sikhio Town
Sikhio (Thai: สีคิ้ว) is the central town of Sikhio District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand. It covers parts of the sub-districts Sikhio and Mittraphab, a total area of 11.63 km2. As of 2007 it had a population of 18,663. The town is subdivided into 19 boroughs (chumchon).

Muban
Muban (Thai: หมู่บ้าน; RTGS: mu ban, pronounced [mùː bâːn]) is the lowest administrative sub-division of Thailand. Usually translated as 'village' and sometimes as 'hamlet', they are a subdivision of a tambon (subdistrict). As of 2008, there were 74,944 administrative mubans in Thailand. As of the 1990 census, the average village consisted of 144 households or 746 persons. The average land area of villages in Thailand is very small, its average area is about 6.84 km2 (2.64 sq mi), and its average population is also very small, at only 932 people.
Pavel Musil
Pavel Musil (born 30 August 1992) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He currently plays for HC Škoda Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga.

Musil made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Pardubice during the 2013–14 Czech Extraliga season.

HC Dynamo Pardubice
HC Dynamo Pardubice is a professional ice hockey club that plays in the Czech Extraliga. Its home venue is Enteria arena located in Pardubice. The club  was originally named LTC Pardubice, acquiring its current name at the start of the 2015–16 season.
NOTS-EV-2 Caleb
The NOTS-EV-2 Caleb, also known as NOTS-500, Hi-Hoe and SIP was an expendable launch system, which was later used as a sounding rocket and prototype anti-satellite weapon. It was developed by the United States Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) as a follow-up to the NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, which had been abandoned following ten launches officially classified as failed missions. Two were launched in July and October 1960, before the cancellation of the project. Following cancellation, two leftover Calebs were used in the Satellite Interceptor Program (SIP), while three more were used as sounding rockets, under the designation Hi-Hoe. These derivatives flew until July 1962, when the Hi-Hoe made its final flight.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
St Peter's Church, Wintringham
St Peter's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Wintringham, North Yorkshire, England (grid reference SE 887 731).  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described the building as "the most rewarding church in the East Riding with an exceptional collection of furnishings".

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Thunderbyrd
Thunderbyrd is an album by the American musician Roger McGuinn, released in 1977 on the Columbia Records label. Following the success of his 1976 album Cardiff Rose, McGuinn intended to make another album in collaboration with its producer Mick Ronson. This project however never materialized. Instead he put together a new band, Thunderbyrd, and recorded this album with them.

The album contains four original compositions by McGuinn and his old songwriting collaborator Jacques Levy. It also includes a version of Tom Petty's "American Girl", originally a hit the year before from Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers's eponymous debut album.

Thunderbyrd was not well received by critics or record buyers and was to be McGuinn's last solo album until 1991's Back from Rio.

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album)
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers is the debut studio album by the American rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, released on November 9, 1976, by Shelter Records. The album was recorded and mixed at the Shelter Studio in Hollywood, California.
Regnier de Graaf
Regnier de Graaf (English spelling), original Dutch spelling Reinier de Graaf, or Latinized Reijnerus de Graeff (30 July 1641 – 17 August 1673), was a Dutch physician, physiologist and anatomist who made key discoveries in reproductive biology. He specialized in iatrochemistry and iatrogenesis, and was the first to develop a syringe to inject dye into human reproductive organs so that he could understand their structure and function.

Iatrogenesis
Iatrogenesis is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence. First used in this sense in 1924, the term was introduced to sociology in 1976 by Ivan Illich, alleging that industrialized societies impair quality of life by overmedicalizing life. Iatrogenesis may thus include mental suffering via medical beliefs or a practitioner's statements. Some iatrogenic events are obvious, like amputation of the wrong limb, whereas others, like drug interactions, can evade recognition. In a 2013 estimate, about 20 million negative effects from treatment had occurred globally. In 2013, an estimated 142,000 persons died from adverse effects of medical treatment, up from an estimated 94,000 in 1990.
Vrhe, Zagorje ob Savi
Vrhe (pronounced [ʋəɾˈxeː]) is a remote dispersed settlement in the hills northeast of Izlake in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. Traditionally the area is part of the Lower Styria region. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Wannig (river)
The Wannig, locally known as the Wannigsbach, is a small river in Lower Franconia in the Bavarian district of Bad Kissingen. It is a right‑bank tributary of the Lauer and ultimately part of the Rhine drainage basin.

Bad Kissingen
Bad Kissingen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈkɪsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a German spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen. Situated to the south of the Rhön Mountains on the Franconian Saale river, it is one of the health resorts, which became famous as a "Weltbad" in the 19th century.

In 2021 the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous mineral springs and its architecture exemplifying the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
G1115 Jixi–Jiansanjiang Expressway
The G1115 Jixi–Jiansanjiang Expressway (Chinese: 鸡西—建三江高速公路), also referred to as the Jijian Expressway (Chinese: 鸡建高速公路), is an expressway in Heilongjiang, China that connects Jixi to Jiansanjiang via Mishan and Hulin. It was previously designated as Heilongjiang Provincial Expressway S11 and was fully opened to traffic on 26 September 2012.

Mishan
Mishan (Chinese: 密山; pinyin: Mìshān) is a county-level city in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, bordering Russia's Primorsky Krai to the south and southeast. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.
Gopallawa
Gopallawa (Sinhala: ගොපල්ලව, romanized: Gopallava) is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mahen Gopallawa, Sri Lankan judge of the Court of Appeal

Monty Gopallawa (1941–2005), Sri Lankan politician, cabinet minister and governor

Seelawathie Gopallawa (died 1977), First lady of Sri Lanka

William Gopallawa (1896–1981), The last Governor-General of Ceylon and the first President of Sri Lanka

William Gopallawa
William Gopallawa MBE (Sinhala: විලියම් ගොපල්ලව, Tamil: வில்லியம் கோப்பல்லாவ; 17 September 1896 – 31 January 1981) was a Sri Lankan politician and statesman who served as the last Governor-General of Ceylon from 1962 to 1972 and the first and only non-executive President of Sri Lanka from 1972 to 1978, when Ceylon declared itself a republic and changed its name to Sri Lanka.

Gopallawa served as Governor-General during the tenure of three different governments, two headed by Sirimavo Bandaranaike of the SLFP and one headed by Dudley Senanayake of the UNP.

He is also known as a Reformist.
Swannay Brewery
The Swannay Brewery is situated in Orkney, Scotland. It was founded as Highland Brewing Company in late 2004 by Rob Hill, formerly of the Orkney Brewery and Moorhouse's Brewery. It is situated in the old Creamery at Swannay Farms, Orkney Mainland.

Currently at least six beers are brewed all year round: Orkney Best, Dark Munro, Scapa Special, St Magnus Ale, Orkney IPA and Orkney Blast. There are also rotating seasonal ales, these include Light Munro, Island Hopping, Orkney Stout, Orkney Porter and Old Norway. Dark Munro was the CAMRA 2007 Champion Beer of Scotland. Scapa Special was the CAMRA 2008 Champion Beer of Scotland. Orkney Blast was the CAMRA 2010 Champion Beer of Scotland. Orkney IPA was the CAMRA 2012 Champion Beer of Scotland with Orkney Best getting the silver medal. Their Scapa Bere is brewed from bere, an ancient six-row barley cultivated mainly on Orkney.

In 2015 the brewery rebranded from Highland Brewing Company to Swannay Brewery.

Moorhouse's Brewery
Moorhouse's is an independent brewery founded in 1865, by William Moorhouse in Burnley Lancashire, England, as a producer of mineral waters and low-alcohol beers known as hop bitters. It first produced cask ales in 1978.
Claudius Terentianus
Claudius Terentianus was an Egyptian enrolled in the Roman army. He was the author of a number of papyrus-letters, mostly addressed to his father  Claudius Tiberianus, a veteran settled in Karanis, Egypt. They were found in that village in 1928-29 during excavations conducted by the University of Michigan. Specifically, the letters were found in a house identified as C/B167, located near the center of the town, beneath a staircase on the ground floor in a niche.

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
1904 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1904 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In its first season under head coach Anthony Chez, the team compiled a 6–3 record but was outscored by a total of 233 to 99. (The overall point totals were skewed by a 130–0 loss to Michigan.) Paul H. Martin was the team captain.

Notably, 1904 marked the first season where WUP/Pitt, Penn State, and West Virginia played a full round robin. Thus, 1904 marked the first season of the Big Three championship.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Low-level design
Low-level design (LLD) is a component-level design process that follows a step-by-step refinement process. This process can be used for designing data structures, required software architecture, source code and ultimately, performance algorithms. Overall, the data organization may be defined during requirement analysis and then refined during data design work. Post-build, each component is specified in detail.

The LLD phase is the stage where the actual software components are designed.

During the detailed phase the logical and functional design is done and the design of application structure is developed during the high-level design phase.

Requirements analysis
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis focuses on the tasks that determine the needs or conditions to meet the new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating, and managing software or system requirements.

Requirements analysis is critical to the success or failure of systems or software projects. The requirements should be documented, actionable, measurable, testable, traceable, related to identified business needs or opportunities, and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design.
Virisila Buadromo
Virisila Buadromo (born 1972) is a Fijian political activist and former journalist, who was the executive director of the Fiji Women's Rights Movement (FWRM) from 2001 to 2015. She used to be the news director for FM96.

Fiji Times
The Fiji Times is a daily English-language newspaper published in Suva, Fiji. Established in Levuka on 4 September 1869 by George Littleton Griffiths, it is Fiji's oldest newspaper still operating.

The Fiji Times is owned by Motibhai Group, which purchased it from Rupert Murdoch's News Corp on 22 September 2010 due to the enactment of the Media Industry Development Act 2010. The Fiji Times Limited board is chaired by Kirit Patel (as of 2010), and includes Rajesh Patel, a resident director appointed in 2010 and Jinesh Patel, Director for the Motibhai Group.

The former publisher Evan Hannah, an Australian citizen, was forcibly removed from Fiji in 2008 as he was accused by the interim Frank Bainimarama government of meddling in Fijian politics.

An online edition is published, featuring local news, sport and weather.

The Fiji Times also publishes The Sunday Times and the weekly Fijian vernacular newspaper Nai Lalakai.
Zamarkova
Zamarkova (pronounced [ˈzaːmaɾkɔʋa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Pesnica River in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A number of Roman period burial mounds have been identified near the settlement.

Pesnica (river)
The Pesnica (pronounced [ˈpéːsnitsa]; German: Pößnitz) is a river in Styria, southeastern Austria and in Styria, northeastern Slovenia.

It is 69 km (43 mi) long, of which 65 km (40 mi) is in Slovenia. Its catchment area is about 550 km2 (210 sq mi), of which 539 km2 (208 sq mi) is in Slovenia. Its source is near Glanz an der Weinstraße, near the Austrian-Slovenian border. It passes Zgornja Kungota, Pesnica, Pernica, the castle at Hrastovec v Slovenskih Goricah, Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah, the monastery of Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Dornava, and Velika Nedelja, and then merges with the Drava near Ormož, on the border with Croatia.
Thomasia
Thomasia is a genus of thirty-one species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. Plants in this genus are small shrubs that are endemic to the south-west of Western Australia, apart from T. petalocalyx that is native to Victoria and South Australia. The leaves are simple with leaf-like stipules at the base of the petiole, the flowers bisexual with five papery, petal-like sepals, usually five petals and five stamens opposite the petals. The fruit is a capsule covered with star-like hairs.

Nikolai Turczaninow
Nikolai Stepanovich Turchaninov, traditionally spelled Turczaninow (Russian: Николай Степанович Турчанинов; 1796 – 7 January 1864 [O.S. 26 December 1863]) was a Russian botanist and plant collector who first identified several genera and many species of plants.
Westfield Public Schools
The Westfield Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Westfield, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of 10 schools, had an enrollment of 5,979 students and 498.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1.

The district had been classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Hayabusa-class patrol boat
The Hayabusa-class is a guided missile patrol boat class of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). Six boats were built between 2002-04.

The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force initially built three hydrofoil missile boats of the PG 1-go class between 1993-95. The Hayabusa-class was designed to correct the issues that arose with the preceding class. After an incident off the Noto Peninsula involving a North Korean spy ship, two ships of the class were included in the 1999 fiscal year plan.

Sparviero-class patrol boat
The Sparviero class, also known as the Nibbio class, are small hydrofoil missile boats capable of traveling at speeds of 46 knots (85 km/h; 53 mph). They were designed for and formerly used by the Italian Navy. The Japanese 1-go-class missile boat is an updated version formerly used by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).
Afternoon Off
Afternoon Off is a 1979 television play by Alan Bennett. Broadcast under the umbrella title Six Plays by Alan Bennett, it was produced for London Weekend Television and directed by Stephen Frears. The screenplay was published by Faber and Faber in 1984.

Television play
A television play is a television programming genre which is a drama performance broadcast from a multi-camera television studio, usually live in the early days of television but later recorded to tape. This is in contrast to a television movie, which employs the single-camera setup of film production.
Valland
In Norse legend, Valland is the name of the part of Europe which is inhabited by Celtic and Romance peoples. The element Val- is derived from *Walhaz, a Proto-Germanic word whose descendants were used in various Germanic languages to refer to the inhabitants of the Western Roman Empire.

Italic peoples
The concept of Italic peoples is widely used in linguistics and historiography of ancient Italy. In a strict sense, commonly used in linguistics, it refers to the Osco-Umbrians and Latino-Faliscans, speakers of the Italic languages, a subgroup of the Indo-European language family.  In a broader sense, commonly used in historiography, all the ancient peoples of Italy are referred to as Italic peoples, including the non-Indo-European ones, as Rhaetians, Ligures and Etruscans. As the Latins achieved a dominant position among these tribes, by virtue of the expansion of the Roman civilization, the other Italic tribes adopted Latin language and culture as part of the process of Romanization.
Heritage of Cebu Monument
The Heritage of Cebu Monument, also known as the Parian Monument, is a monument in Cebu City, Philippines. It was made by Filipino sculptor Eduardo Castrillo and architects Heradio Español and Ildefonso Santos. It is the centerpiece of the Parian Park which was the site of the Saint John the Baptist Church which was demolished in 1875 by the Diocese of Cebu.

The artwork is a tableau depicting several of Cebu's involvement in Philippine history including the Battle of Mactan, inauguration of Sergio Osmeña as President of the Philippines, and the canonization of Pedro Calungsod as saint by the Roman Catholic Church. It consists of a mixture of concrete, bronze, brass and steel sculptures.

Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr. (September 5, 1929 – January 29, 2014), popularly known simply as "IP Santos", was a Filipino architect who was known for being the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture."  He was recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines in the field of Architecture in 2006.

He was the son of Filipino poet Ildefonso Santos and Asuncion Paez.