hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45 gun
The 5-inch (127 mm)/54-caliber (Mk 45) lightweight gun is a U.S. naval artillery gun mount consisting of a 5 in (127 mm) L54 Mark 19 gun on the Mark 45 mount. It was designed and built by United Defense, a company later acquired by BAE Systems Land & Armaments, which continued manufacture.

The later 62-calibre-long version consists of a longer-barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the same Mark 45 mount. The gun is designed for use against surface warships, anti-aircraft and shore bombardment to support amphibious operations. The gun mount features an automatic loader with a capacity of 20 rounds which can be fired under full automatic control, taking a little over a minute at maximum fire rate. For sustained use, the gun mount would be occupied by a six-person crew (gun captain, panel operator, and four ammunition loaders) below deck to keep the gun continuously supplied with ammunition.

BAE Systems Platforms & Services
BAE Systems Platforms & Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems Inc. and is a large provider of tracked and wheeled armored combat vehicles, naval guns, naval ship repair and modernization, artillery and missile launching systems, advanced precision strike munitions and ordnance, and other technologies for US and international customers.

It was created on 24 June 2005, following the completion of BAE Systems' acquisition of United Defense in 2004 and its merger with BAE Systems Land Systems. In 2007, BAE Systems acquired Armor Holdings adding to the size of Land & Armaments significantly.

Until April 2003, BAE Systems was a relatively small player in the land systems industry.  As a result of the acquisitions, it is now one of the largest land systems defence contractors in the world.
Charles McLawhorn
Charles L. McLawhorn (July 13, 1927 – February 5, 2000) was a Democratic Party member of the North Carolina House of Representatives.

McLawhorn was born in Winterville, North Carolina, in Pitt County, on July 13, 1927.  He attended Ayden High School and Oak Ridge Military Academy, followed by North Carolina State University.  He served as a Pitt County Commissioner and was elected to the North Carolina House in 1990.  He lost his Ninth District seat to Republican Henry Aldridge in the November 1994 election.

McLawhorn died in Winterville on February 5, 2000.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Cerreto, Sorano
Cerreto is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Sorano, province of Grosseto, in the tuff area of southern Maremma. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 19.

Cerreto is about 90 km from Grosseto and 4 km from Sorano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Sorano to San Quirico. The village is known for the Marian apparition that occurred to the young shepherdess Veronica Nucci in 1853. The sanctuary of Madonna Addolorata was built in 1846 as a place of pilgrimage.

Cerreto is also known for its typical caciotta cheese, the pastorella ("shepherdess") of Cerreto.

Caciotta
Caciotta, from the Tuscan cacciola, is a type of cheese produced in Italy from the milk of cows, sheep, goats, or water buffalo. Caciotta has more than a dozen variations.

The cheeses are cylindrical in shape and up to 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) in weight. The period of ripening is brief and the soft, yellow rind surrounds a white or yellowish body which is soft in texture and mild in flavour. Both artisanal and industrial production are common.
Gaussian brackets
In mathematics, Gaussian brackets are a special notation invented by Carl Friedrich Gauss to represent the convergents of a simple continued fraction in the form of a simple fraction. Gauss used this notation in the context of finding solutions of the indeterminate equations of the form .

This notation should not be confused with the widely prevalent use of square brackets to denote the greatest integer function:  denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to . This notation was also invented by Gauss and was used in the third proof of the quadratic reciprocity law. The notation , denoting the floor function,  is now more commonly used to denote the greatest integer less than or equal to .

Indeterminate system
In mathematics, particularly in number theory, an indeterminate system has fewer equations than unknowns but an additional a set of constraints on the unknowns, such as restrictions that the values be integers. In modern times indeterminate equations are often called Diophantine equations.: iii
Urpasian
Saint Urpasian is a 4th-century saint and martyr. He was a dignitary of Roman Emperor Galerius (293–311).

Urpasian suffered martyrdom in the city of Nicomedia. The emperor  Galerius persecuted Christians serving in his army and at his court. Urpasian was a member of the imperial household at Nicomedia. Some of the timid of soul began to waver and began to worship the pagan gods, but the strong of soul held out firmly until the very end. Urpasian renounced his position as a servant of the emperor stating, "Henceforth I am a warrior of the Heavenly King, the Lord Jesus Christ. Take back the insignia that was given to me." He was arrested for his Christian beliefs, and was burned alive.

In the Orthodox Church, he is commemorated on March 9. In Roman Catholicism, his feast day is celebrated on March 13.

Galerius
Galerius Valerius Maximianus (/ɡəˈlɛəriəs/; Greek: Γαλέριος; c. 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. He participated in the system of government later known as the Tetrarchy, first acting as caesar under Emperor Diocletian. In this period Galerius obtained victory warring against the Persian Sasanian Empire, defeating Narseh at the battle of Satala in 298 and possibly sacking the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Galerius was promoted to augustus upon the abdication of Diocletian in 305, but had to contend with multiple usurpers as the Tetrarchic system broke down. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, he ended the Diocletianic Persecution by issuing the Edict of Serdica in 311.
2023 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship
The 2023 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship was the fifth season of the Formula 4 South East Asia Championship and the first one since 2019. Top Speed was appointed as the new organizer and promoter as the series switched to the Tatuus F4-T421 car, the Abarth engine and the Giti tires.

Abarth
Abarth & C. S.p.A. (Italian: [ˈaːbart]) is an Italian racing- and road-car maker and performance division founded by Italo-Austrian Carlo Abarth in 1949. Abarth & C. S.p.A. is owned by Stellantis through its Italian subsidiary. Abarth's logo is a shield with a stylized scorpion on a yellow and red background, a short, wide Italian flag in the middle, and "Abarth" text on a black background.
1972 NHL amateur draft
The 1972 NHL amateur draft was the tenth NHL entry draft. It was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Richard Brodeur, who played his last NHL game in the 1987–88 season.

California Golden Seals
The California Golden Seals were a professional ice hockey club that competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 1976. Based in Oakland, California, they played their home games at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion. Initially named the California Seals, the team was renamed the Oakland Seals during the 1967–68 season and then the Bay Area Seals in 1970 before becoming the California Golden Seals the same year.

The Seals were the least successful of the teams added in the 1967 expansion, never earning a winning record and only making the playoffs twice in nine seasons of play. Off the ice, they were plagued by low attendance. The franchise was relocated in 1976 to become the Cleveland Barons, who would merge with the Minnesota North Stars two years later. They were the only franchise from the 1967 expansion to not reach the Stanley Cup Final.
Råån
Råån, formerly also known as Kvistoftaån or Kvistofta-Råån, is a river in Sweden. It is approximately 30 km long, and flows into the old fishing village Råå in Helsingborg. The river forms the geographical boundary between the plains of Helsingborg and Lund, and is surrounded by a river valley which is classified as a nature reserve and a Natura 2000 area.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
Höfer
Höfer (also spelled Hoefer) is a German surname, derived from Hof (yard, court), which refer to:

Anton Höfer (1871–1949), Austro-Hungarian general and politician

Candida Höfer (born 1944), German photographer, daughter of Werner Höfer

Edmund Hoefer (1819–1882), German novelist and literary historian

Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878), German-French physician

Hermann Höfer (1934–1996), German footballer

Karl Höfer (1862–1939), German general

Karlgeorg Hoefer (1914–2000), German typographer and calligrapher

Regina Höfer (born 1947), German former athlete

Ulrich Höfer (born 1957), German professor of physics

Werner Höfer (1913–1997), German journalist

Werner Höfer
Werner Höfer (21 March 1913, in Kaisersesch, Rhine Province – 26 November 1997, in Cologne) was a German journalist. He started his career as a Nazi propagandist, working for the newspaper Das Reich. From 1933 to 1945 he was a member of the Nazi Party.

After the war, he worked for the public broadcasting institutions Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk. He gained popularity as the host of the Sunday TV discussion show Internationaler Frühschoppen, modeled on NBC's Meet the Press and running from 1952 to 1987. When his publicly expressed satisfaction upon the execution of pianist Karlrobert Kreiten in September 1943 became known to a wider public, he was forced to retire in 1987.

His daughter Candida Höfer is a well known photographer.
Ad Plumbaria
Ad Plumbaria was a civitas (town) of the Roman North Africa. The town flourished during AD 300–640.

The town is shown on the Tabula Peutingeriana, as being on the road to Hippo Regius.

The presumed ruins of the town were discovered in the mid-1800s in the middle of the Lake of Fetzara.

Hippo Regius
Hippo Regius (also known as Hippo or Hippone) is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, Algeria. It served as an important city for the Phoenicians, Berbers, Romans, and Vandals. Hippo was the capital city of the Vandal Kingdom from AD 435 to 439.  After the Vandal capture of Carthage in 439, Carthage became the capital.

It was the focus of several early Christian councils and home to Augustine of Hippo, a Church Father highly important in Western Christianity.
Stukus
Stukus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annis Stukus (1914–2006), Canadian football player, coach, and manager

Bill Stukus (1916–2003), Canadian football quarterback

Frank Stukus (1918–2001), Canadian football fullback, brother of Annis and Bill

Annis Stukus
Annis Paul Stukus (October 25, 1914 – May 20, 2006) was a Canadian professional football player, journalist, coach, broadcaster, and executive. He was the first head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos and the BC Lions of the Western Interprovincial Football Union (now the West Division of the Canadian Football League) and the first general manager of the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association.
Dedwyddfa
Dedwyddfa is a house in Bryn Goodman, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales.  It is a Grade II listed building, dated 1886, built for the Cornwallis-West family of Ruthin Castle.  Its design is attributed to the Chester architect John Douglas.  It is one of a pair of houses, the other being Coetmor which was definitely designed by Douglas.  Both houses had large gardens, and were well placed for access to the railway.

It is described as "a fine example of the Domestic revival style" ..."retaining good character and detail".

Ruthin Castle
Ruthin Castle (Welsh: Castell Rhuthun) is a medieval castle fortification in Wales, near the town of Ruthin in the Vale of Clwyd. It was constructed during the late 13th century by Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the brother of Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, on a red sandstone ridge overlooking the valley. Part of the ancient walls still remain and now form part of the Ruthin Castle Hotel.
Armindo Cadilla
Armindo Cadilla Ginorio (January 11, 1906 – February 16, 1975), served as an associate justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court from 1973 to 1975.

Born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico on January 11, 1906, he studied law at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law. He was a member of the Phi Eta Mu fraternity.

In 1973, at the age of 67, he was appointed by Governor Rafael Hernández Colón as an Associate Justice.  After 10 years serving on the bench in Ponce, he won the admiration of former Associate Justice and Ponce native Rafael Hernández Matos, as well as his son Rafael, elected Governor in 1972.

Cadilla Ginorio's service on the Supreme Court was short-lived, since he died in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico at the age of 69 on February 16, 1975, two years and two days after having joined the Court. He was buried at Cementerio Municipal de Arecibo (Viejo) in Arecibo, Puerto Rico.

Phi Eta Mu
Fraternity Phi Eta Mu (ΦΗΜ) is a fraternity founded in Puerto Rico in 1923 at the University of Puerto Rico now University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus.  All its founders were Puerto Ricans, born on the island of Puerto Rico.
Listed buildings in Hartley, Cumbria
Hartley is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England.  It contains 16 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish is to the east of the town of Kirkby Stephen.  The South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway ran through it until the line closed in 1965, but two viaducts have survived and are listed.  Many of the other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The rest of the listed buildings comprise the ruins of a castle, two bridges, a boundary stone, a row of nine cairns, and a pinfold.

South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway
The South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway (SD&LUR) built a railway line linking the Stockton and Darlington Railway near Bishop Auckland with the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway (the West Coast Main Line) at Tebay, via Barnard Castle, Stainmore Summit and Kirkby Stephen. The line opened in 1861 and became known as the Stainmore Line.

The Stockton and Darlington absorbed the SD&LUR, and the Stockton and Darlington became a constituent of the North Eastern Railway. The line closed in stages between 1952 and 1962. A short section of the line at Kirkby Stephen East station has been restored by the Stainmore Railway Company.
Chandramani Tripathi
Chandramani Tripathi (1 July 1946 – 23 March 2013) was an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. He was elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998 from  Rewa constituency in Madhya Pradesh state. He was re-elected to the 14th Lok Sabha in 2004 from the same constituency. He died in March 2013 at Medanata, Gurgaon after a short illness.

Rewa Lok Sabha constituency
Rewa Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 29 Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 4 constituencies in Vindhya Pradesh state. This constituency presently covers the entire Rewa district.
Basilica of St. James, Levoča
The Basilica of St. James (Slovak: Bazilika svätého Jakuba) is a Gothic church in Levoča, Prešovský kraj, Slovakia. Building began in the 14th century. It is a Catholic parish church, dedicated to James the Apostle.

The interior features several Gothic altars, including as the main altar the world's tallest wooden altar at 18.62 metres (61.1 ft) by the workshop of Master Paul of Levoča, completed in 1517. The church, the second largest in Slovakia, also houses well-preserved furniture and art work. The steeple dates from the 19th century. The church was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Levoča, Spiš Castle and the associated cultural monuments in 2009. It is also a Slovak National Monument. In 2015, Pope Francis declared the church a basilica minor.

Prešov Region
The Prešov Region (Slovak: Prešovský kraj, pronounced [ˈpreʂɔwskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Eperjesi kerület), also Priashiv Region (Ukrainian: Пряшівський край, romanized: Priashivskyi krai, pronounced [ˈprʲɑʃiu̯sʲkɪj ˈkrɑj]), is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 13 districts (okresy) and 666 municipalities, 23 of which have town status. The region was established in 1996 and is the most populous of all the regions in Slovakia. Its administrative center is the city of Prešov.
Pacific Coast Conference (California)
The Pacific Coast Conference is an American high school sports league in Orange County, California and is affiliated with CIF Southern Section. The schools are located in South and Central Orange County, California.

Laguna Beach High School
Laguna Beach High School is a 4-year public high school located in Laguna Beach, California. It is the only high school in the Laguna Beach Unified School District. It is one of the smallest high schools in Orange County, made to hold 1000 students. It was established in 1934 and is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
CFMV-FM
CFMV-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Chandler, Quebec.

Owned and operated by Radio du Golfe, it broadcasts on 96.3 MHz with an effective radiated power of 5,700 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 22,900 watts (class B). The station has an adult contemporary music format.

The station was licensed in 2004 on the frequency 92.1 MHz, then later moved to its current frequency.

The station shares its website with co-owned CJMC-FM in Sainte-Anne-des-Monts.

On October 2, 2009, CFMV applied to add a low-power transmitter on 104.1 MHz at Percé, Quebec. This application was denied on February 4, 2010, on the grounds that the station would not meet conditions in regards to programming. A second attempt to add a low-power transmitter at Percé, now on 97.3 MHz, was again denied on April 16, 2012, this time due to potential interference with a repeater of CJRG-FM in Fontenelle, approximately 48 km (30 mi) northwest of Percé.

Percé, Quebec
Percé (French pronunciation: [pɛʁse]) is a city located on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula, in Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada.

Percé, member of the association of Most Beautiful Villages of Quebec, is mainly a tourist location particularly well known for the attractions of Percé Rock and Bonaventure Island. UNESCO Global Geoparks accredited Percé Geopark in 2018.

In addition to Percé itself, the town's territory also includes the communities of Barachois, Belle-Anse, Bougainville, Bridgeville, Cap-d'Espoir, Cannes-de-Roches, Coin-du-Banc, L'Anse-à-Beaufils, Pointe-Saint-Pierre, Rameau, Saint-Georges-de-Malbaie, and Val-d'Espoir.

Percé is the seat of the judicial district of Gaspé. Within the territory of the city, the Railway station is also called Percé.
Verkhny Landekh
Verkhny Landekh (Russian: Ве́рхний Ла́ндех) is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Verkhnelandekhovsky District of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,633 (2021 Census); 2,027 (2010 Census); 2,080 (2002 Census); 2,206 (1989 Soviet census).

Churches in Verkhny Landekh

House of Culture

World War II memorial

Listed building

Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast (Russian: Ива́новская о́бласть, romanized: Ivanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census.

Its three largest cities are Ivanovo (the administrative center), Kineshma, and Shuya. The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast.
Mule (coin)
In numismatics, a mule is a coin or medal minted with obverse and reverse designs not normally seen on the same piece.  These can be intentional or produced by error. This type of error is highly sought after by collectors, and examples can fetch high prices.

The earliest mules are found among ancient Greek and Roman coins. Opinion is divided between those who think that they are accidental, the result of an incorrect combination of a new die with one that had officially been withdrawn from use, or the work of coiners working with dies stolen from an official mint, perhaps at a time when one of them should have been destroyed.

The name derives from the mule, the hybrid offspring of a horse and a donkey, due to such a coin having two sides intended for different coins, much as a mule has parents of two different species.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.