hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Salesin
David Salesin is an American computer scientist known for his work in computer graphics, three-dimensional and four-dimensional mathematics, and photorealistic rendering. Until 2019, he served as the director of Snap Inc. Research Team, an affiliate professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering of the University of Washington in Seattle, and previously director of the Adobe Creative Technologies Lab. He is currently a principal scientist at Google.

Salesin graduated from Brown University in 1983, and pursued  graduate study at Stanford.

He received a National Young Investigator award from the National Science Foundation in 1993, and in 1995 was named a Presidential Faculty Fellow, receiving a National Science Foundation grant.

Unbiased rendering
In computer graphics, unbiased rendering or photorealistic rendering are rendering techniques that avoid systematic errors, or statistical bias, in computing an image’s radiance. Bias in this context means inaccuracies like dimmer light or missing effects such as soft shadows, caused by approximations. Unbiased methods, such as path tracing and its derivatives, simulate real-world lighting and shading with full physical accuracy. In contrast, biased methods, including traditional ray tracing, sacrifice precision for speed by using approximations that introduce errors—often seen as blur. This blur reduces variance (random noise) by averaging light samples, enabling faster computation with fewer samples needed for a clean image.
Duck River (Alabama)
Duck River is a 19-mile-long (31 km) river in the state of Alabama.  It is a tributary of the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River and forms a portion of the border between Cullman and Blount counties.

Blount County, Alabama
Blount County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,134. Its county seat is Oneonta.

Blount County is a moist county. In the November 6, 2012 elections, a countywide ballot initiative to allow alcohol sales was narrowly defeated, but Blountsville, Cleveland and Oneonta have allowed for the sale of alcohol since 2013.

Blount County has been dubbed the "Covered Bridge Capital of Alabama" since it has more historic covered bridges standing within a single county than any other in the state - with earlier covered bridges known of. This county celebrates the Covered Bridge Festival every autumn in Oneonta to commemorate its three remaining covered bridges.
Pilot Officer Geoffrey Lloyd Wells Memorial Seat
Pilot Officer Geoffrey Lloyd Wells Memorial Seat is a heritage-listed memorial at 103 Stanley Terrace, Taringa, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by the Wells Family in honour of their son Pilot Officer Geoffrey Lloyd Wells. It was built some time after August 1941 by Wells Family. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Memorial
A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or works of art such as sculptures, statues, fountains or parks. Larger memorials may be known as monuments.
Vchoraishe
Vchoraishe (Ukrainian: Вчорайше, Polish: Wczorajsze) is a village in Ukraine, and the administrative centre of the Vchoraishe rural hromada in Berdychiv Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast. The population is 1,308 (2001). From 1925 to 1931 and from 1935 to 1957 it was a district centre. From 1923 until 2018, it was the administrative centre of the eponymous village council.

The village lies on the Postil River, about 18 km northwest of Ruzhyn and 9 km from the railway station at Chornorudka.

Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).
Aripal Tehsil
Aripal is a subtehsil in the Tral area of Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir. It is one of the eight tehsils of Pulwama district, and was created when Pulwama changed from a four-tehsil structure to an eight-tehsil structure. The administration of Aripal Tehsil is subdivided into six patwar halqas (revenue circles).

Revenue block
Revenue blocks, revenue circles, firka, or patwar circles are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India. The revenue blocks exist to simplify local administration, and each consists of a small number of revenue villages, governed by a revenue inspector. The revenue inspector is charged with a number of key administrative roles, most notably the identification and collection of tax revenue. Sometimes the land area in a revenue circle is identified as an inspector land revenue circle for administrative purposes. While revenue blocks may be as large as or larger than a tehsildar, revenue circles are generally smaller. In the state of Tamil Nadu alone, there are 1,349 revenue blocks.
Streptomyces radiopugnans
Streptomyces radiopugnans is a halotolerant and radiation resistant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from radiation polluted soil from the Xinjiang Province in China.

Halotolerance
Halotolerance is the adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity. Halotolerant species tend to live in areas such as hypersaline lakes, coastal dunes, saline deserts, salt marshes, and inland salt seas and springs. Halophiles are also organisms that not only live in highly saline environments but also require the salinity to survive. Halotolerant organisms on the other hand (belonging to different domains of life) can grow under saline conditions, but do not require elevated concentrations of salt for growth. Halophytes are salt-tolerant higher plants. Halotolerant microorganisms are of considerable biotechnological interest.
Chai Vang
Chai Soua Vang (RPA: Cai Suav Vaj; born September 24, 1968), more commonly known as Chai Vang, is an Hmong-American man who was convicted of first degree intentional homicide, having pleaded self-defense after allegedly being fired upon. Vang, a six-year veteran of the California National Guard, shot eight people while he was trespassing upon a deer hunting group in northern Wisconsin on November 21, 2004; six were killed and two were wounded. The killings were later dubbed the Tree Stand Murders by author David B. Whitehurst.

Vang, who lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the time of the shootings, is imprisoned at the Oshkosh Correctional Institution as of 2025.

The killings caused tensions between White and Hmong hunters in Wisconsin, which culminated in the murder of Cha Vang in January 2007.

Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Sawyer County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,074. Its county seat is Hayward. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
True length
In descriptive geometry, true length is any distance between points that is not foreshortened by the view type. In a three-dimensional Euclidean space, lines with true length are parallel to the projection plane. For example, in a top view of a pyramid, which is an orthographic projection, the base edges (which are parallel to the projection plane) have true length, whereas the remaining edges in this view are not true lengths. The same is true with an orthographic side view of a pyramid. If any face of a pyramid was parallel to the projection plane (for a particular view), all edges would demonstrate true length.

Examples of views in which all edges have true length are nets.

Base (geometry)
In geometry, a base is a side of a polygon or a face of a polyhedron, particularly one oriented perpendicular to the direction in which height is measured, or on what is considered to be the "bottom" of the figure. This term is commonly applied in plane geometry to triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and in solid geometry to cylinders, cones, pyramids, parallelepipeds, prisms, and frustums.

The side or point opposite the base is often called the apex or summit of the shape.
Schnetzer
Schnetzer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Schnetzer, American actor

Ferenc Schnetzer (1867–1944), Hungarian military officer and politician

Patrick Schnetzer (born 1993), Austrian cycle ball player

Ricardo Schnetzer (1953–2026), Brazilian voice actor

Stephen Schnetzer (born 1948), American actor

Patrick Schnetzer
Patrick Schnetzer (born 15 November 1993) is an Austrian cycle ball player. He is considered one of the best current cycle ball players, having won eight of the last eleven cycle ball world championships.
The King Incorporated
The King Incorporated was the first history book published by award-winning Scottish journalist and historian Neal Ascherson exploring the course of the Congo Free State from its foundation to annexation, as well as the role of King Leopold II.

The King Incorporated was first published in 1963 (three years after the Congo's independence from Belgium) and has been reprinted in eight editions. The 1999 edition (published by Granta) modified the book's title to The King Incorporated: Leopold the Second and the Congo, omitting the reference to trusts.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Murder of Fred Fulton and Verna Decarie
On April 23, 2005, Fred Fulton, 74, and Veronica "Verna" Decarie, 70, of Minto, New Brunswick, Canada were stabbed to death, with Fulton also being decapitated with a homemade sword. On March 5, 2008, their neighbour, Gregory Allan Despres, was found guilty for the murder, but not criminally responsible for his actions at the time due to having suffered paranoid schizophrenia-led delusions.

Minto, New Brunswick
Minto is a community straddling the boundary of Sunbury County and Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on the north shore of Grand Lake, approximately 50 kilometres northeast of Fredericton. Minto held village status prior to 2023, when it was amalgamated into the newly formed village of Grand Lake.

Minto is known to have taken its present name in 1904 upon the retirement of Canada's eighth Governor General, The Earl of Minto. and the story remains that the village adopted its name from the local Minto Hotel.  From the St. John Daily Sun of 1903:

"Just how the name of Minto came to be adopted is said to have occurred in this way.  A letter which was sent from Moncton to Mr. Kennedy was enclosed in an envelope which bore the name of the Minto hotel, Moncton.  The family thought Minto a good name for their hotel, and so it was named.  Then the people generally adopted the name for the place, and so the railway people designated it."
Wynn Roberts (biathlete)
Wynn Andrew Roberts  (born March 1, 1988) is an American biathlete. He competed in the 20 km individual race at the 2010 Olympics and finished 86th out of 88 with a final time of 58:49.2. He was a late replacement for Jeremy Teela, who withdrew due to illness on the morning of the event.

Biathlon at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's individual
The men's individual competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia on February 18, 2010.  Two silver medals were awarded for a second-place tie.  No bronze medal was awarded.
Christian Camradt
Christian Camradt (born 26 July 1969) is a Danish former professional tennis player.

A left-handed player, Camradt won two national indoor singles championships and represented the Denmark Davis Cup team in a 1992 tie against Kenya. He had a career best ATP singles world ranking of 755 and made his only ATP Tour main draw appearance at the 1993 Copenhagen Open.

Camradt is the former head coach of the Lyngby Tennis Club and in this capacity coached Caroline Wozniacki. He also accompanied Wozniacki in some overseas tournaments.

Copenhagen Open
The Copenhagen Open was a men's indoor tennis tournament held in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was first held in February 1973 as part of the WCT Circuit and featured renowned players such as Ken Rosewall, Fred Stolle, Arthur Ashe and Tom Okker. It was played indoors on a carpet surface.

The tournament was not held the following two years but returned on the calendar in 1976 without any of the first-tier players. After 1976 the tournament was discontinued. It was re-introduced in 1991 as part of the ATP Tour and was halted again in 2003. The only player to win the Copenhagen Open more than once was Magnus Gustafsson (1998, 1999). The only Danish winner was Lars Elvstrøm.
Horn-satisfiability
In formal logic, Horn-satisfiability, or HORNSAT, is the problem of deciding whether a given conjunction of propositional Horn clauses is satisfiable or not. Horn-satisfiability and Horn clauses are named after Alfred Horn.

A Horn clause is a clause with at most one positive literal, called the head of the clause, and any number of negative literals, forming the body of the clause. A Horn formula is a propositional formula formed by conjunction of Horn clauses.

Horn satisfiability is actually one of the "hardest" or "most expressive" problems which is known to be computable in polynomial time, in the sense that it is a P-complete problem. The extension of the problem for quantified Horn formulae can be also solved in polynomial time.

The Horn satisfiability problem can also be asked for propositional many-valued logics. The algorithms are not usually linear, but some are polynomial; see Hähnle (2001 or 2003) for a survey.

Many-valued logic
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in Aristotle's logical calculus, there were only two possible values (i.e., true and false) for any proposition. Classical two-valued logic may be extended to n-valued logic for n greater than 2. Those most popular in the literature are three-valued (e.g., Łukasiewicz's and Kleene's, which accept the values true, false, and unknown), four-valued, nine-valued, the finite-valued (finitely-many valued) with more than three values, and the infinite-valued (infinitely-many-valued), such as fuzzy logic and probability logic.
Modrá Hůrka
Modrá Hůrka is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Modrá Hůrka lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of České Budějovice and 101 km (63 mi) south of Prague.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
2022 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships – Singles
Taylor Fritz defeated Frances Tiafoe in the final, 7–6(7–3), 7–6(7–2) to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Japan Open.

Novak Djokovic was the reigning champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but chose to compete in Astana instead.

Sho Shimabukuro
Sho Shimabukuro (島袋 将, Shimabukuro Shō, born 30 July 1997) is a Japanese professional tennis player.
Shimabukuro has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 130 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 376 achieved on 16 September 2024. He is currently the No. 3 Japanese player.

Shimabukuro represents Japan at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 1–0.
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors (Japanese: SDガンダム三国伝 BraveBattleWarriors; lit. SD Gundam Legend of the Three Kingdoms BraveBattleWarriors) is a Japanese anime adaptation of the SD Gundam model kit series BB Senshi Sangokuden produced by Sunrise.  Loosely based on the classic 14th century Chinese historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with characters being personifications of various mobile suits from the Gundam franchise, the show first premiered in Japanese theaters as a 15-minute short film titled Chō Denei-ban SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors (超電影版SDガンダム三国伝 BraveBattleWarriors) on February 27, 2010.  The broadcast of the television series followed two months later on TXN stations on April 3, 2010. It was directed by Kenichi Suzuki and Kunihiro Mori, and ran for 51 episodes.

Nobunaga Shimazaki
Nobunaga Shimazaki (島﨑 信長, Shimazaki Nobunaga; born December 6, 1988) is a Japanese voice actor affiliated with Aoni Production. He won the Best Rookie Actor Award at the 7th Seiyu Awards and the Best Actors in Supporting Roles at the 15th Seiyu Awards.
Derrytresk Fir An Chnoic GAC
Derrytresk Fir An Chnoic (Irish: Doire Treasc Fir a' Chnoic) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Tyrone. The club is based in the townland of Derrytresk near Clonoe in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

Clonoe
Clonoe (from Irish Cluain Eo) is a small village and a civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It includes O'Rahilly Park where the Clonoe O'Rahillys Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club play their home games. It was the scene of the Clonoe ambush in 1992.
Eugene Maltsev
Eugene Demjanovich Maltsev (Russian: Евгений Демьянович Мальцев; 9 August 1929 – 24 December 2003) was a Soviet Russian painter, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 — the Leningrad Union of the Soviet Artists), who lived and worked in Leningrad. In 1990-1997 Eugene Maltsev was a head of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, in 1989-1991 was elected a People's Deputies of the Soviet Union from the USSR Union of Artists. Maltsev regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his portrait and historical paintings.

People's Artist of the Russian Federation
People's Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Наро́дный худо́жник Росси́йской Федера́ции) is an honorary title given no earlier than five years after the honorary title "Honored Artist of Russia" or "Honored Art Worker of Russia" to an important artist who has created extraordinary works of painting, sculpture, graphic art, monumental, decorative, crafts, music, drama, film, or television; who has made an outstanding contribution to domestic art and culture; and who has received wide public recognition. This title in succession continues the Soviet tradition: a similar level of recognition was conveyed by the USSR title of "People's Artist of the RSFSR."
Al-Ahmadiyah, Rif Dimashq
Al-Ahmadiyah (Arabic: الأحمدية)  is a Syrian village located in Markaz Rif Dimashq, Rif Dimashq to the southeast of the al-Nashabiyah nahiyah ("subdistrict"). According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Ahmadiyah had a population of 2,352 in the 2004 census.

Markaz Rif Dimashq District
Markaz Rif Dimashq District (Arabic: منطقة مركز ريف دمشق, romanized: manṭiqat Markaz Rif Dimašq) or Damascus Central Countryside District is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria.
Panagiotopoulos
Panagiotopoulos or Panayotopoulos (Greek: Παναγιωτόπουλος) is a Greek surname, meaning "son of Panagiotis" and "son of Panagiotou". The feminine form is Panagiotopoulou/Panayotopoulou (Παναγιωτοπούλου) meaning "son of Panagiotopoulos". In Latin it becomes Sanctissimopueri which could be shortened Santos. In Olde English it becomes Alhaligsson which could be shortened Hale. Notable people with the surname include:

Diamantis Panagiotopoulos (born 1967), Greek archaeologist

Georgios Panagiotopoulos (athlete) (born 1969), Greek sprinter

Marie Panayotopoulos-Cassiotou (born 1952), Greek politician

Nicos Panayotopoulos (born 1963), Greek journalist, screenwriter and novelist

Panos Panagiotopoulos (born 1957), Greek politician

Georges B Panagiotopoulos (educator) (1917–2007), Educator, used gardens to teach science, taught royals at Anavriton, attache to Karapiperis; from Koykista  in Aetolia

Georgios Panagiotopoulos (politician) (1930–2021), Greek politician

Panos Panagiotopoulos
Panos Panagiotopoulos (Greek: Πάνος Παναγιωτόπουλος; born 11 December 1957) is a Greek politician of the New Democracy party.

Panagiotopoulos was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2009. He was the spokesman for the Hellenic Government (2007) as well as for New Democracy party (November 2009 – January 2011). He also served as the Minister of Employment and Social Protection in Kostas Karamanlis's 2004 cabinet. He has served as Minister for Culture and Sport from June 2013 to June 2014 and as Minister for Defence from June 2012 to June 2013.
Herbert Kennedy
Herbert Brownlow Kennedy  (26 May 1863 – 28 May 1939) was Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin from 1921 to 1938.

Kennedy was the son of the Very Reverend T. Le Ban Kennedy, Dean of Clogher from 1874 to 1887. He was educated at The Royal School, Armagh and Trinity College, Dublin. After being a curate at St Ann's Dublin he was an incumbent at Holywood, Naas, St Andrew's Dublin and the Mariners' Church (in what was then called Kingstown, now Dún Laoghaire), before his appointment as dean.

Holywood, County Down
Holywood (/ˈhɒliwʊd/ HOL-ee-wuud; from Latin  Sanctus Boscus 'holy wood') is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a civil parish and townland of 306 hectares (755 acres) lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor. Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby.
Gazma Cave
Gazma Cave (Azerbaijani: Qazma mağarası) is a Paleolithic dwelling site discovered between Ordubad and Sharur districts in 1983. Gazma Cave is located 3 km northeast of Tananam village, 1450 m above the sea level.

Ordubad District
Ordubad District (Azerbaijani: Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Ordubad. As at 2020, the district had a population of 50,200.