hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington Peak
Washington Peak can refer to the following mountains in the United States:

Washington Peak (Alaska)

Washington Peak (California) in Del Norte County

Washington Peak (Idaho) in Custer County

Washington Peak (Washington) in Chelan County

Washington Peak (Idaho)
Washington Peak at 10,519 feet (3,206 m) above sea level is a peak in the White Cloud Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County 2.37 mi (3.81 km) from Fourth of July Peak, its line parent. It is the 264th highest peak in Idaho.
Thomas Richard Lloyd
Thomas Richard Lloyd (1820 – 10 May 1891) was a Welsh Anglican priest, who spent his entire ministry in one parish, and eisteddfod participant.

Lloyd was born in Denbigh, Wales, and studied at Ruthin School and Jesus College, Oxford. He was ordained deacon in 1843, the year he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Oxford, and ordained priest the following year. He was appointed as curate of Llanfynydd, Carmarthenshire, Wales in the parish of Hope, Flintshire in 1843 and became rector in 1845.  He served the parish until his death on 10 May 1891, advocating abstinence, and participating in eisteddfods as a member of the gorsedd; his bardic name was Yr Estyn.

Denbigh
Denbigh (/ˈdɛnbi/ DEN-bee; Welsh: Dinbych [ˈdɪnbɨχ]) is a market town and a community in Denbighshire, Wales. It was the original county town of the historic county of Denbighshire created in 1536. Denbigh's Welsh name (Dinbych) translates to "Little Fortress"; a reference to its historic castle. Denbigh lies near the Clwydian Hills.

The town developed around Denbigh Castle, built in 1282, and the walled settlement that followed under Edward I. Over the centuries, it became known as a stronghold, a busy market town, and an administrative hub. Although Denbigh has seen times of conflict and decline, its medieval walls, castle ruins, and historic centre still shape its character today. According to the 2021 census, the town has a population of about 8,669.
Gerald Lee Warren
Gerald Lee Warren (August 17, 1930 – March 20, 2015) was an American journalist and newspaper editor at The San Diego Union-Tribune.  He served under Ron Ziegler as deputy press secretary in the Richard Nixon administration until 1974. He served as Nixon's de facto final White House Press Secretary after Ron Ziegler's appointment as assistant to the president in June 1974, though Zielger kept the title. He then held the same position as well as White House Director of Communications in the Gerald Ford administration until 1975.

Press secretary
A press secretary or press officer is a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps their employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.
Peronospora arborescens
Peronospora arborescens is a plant pathogen. It causes downy mildew on leaves of Papaver spp. It has economic importance on Papaver somniferum grown as an oilseed crop, for example in central and eastern Europe. It is controlled by sanitation, crop rotation, use of clean seed and fungicide sprays of the foliage.

There are other species of Peronospora which occur on Papaver: Peronospora argemones (Gäum.), Peronospora cristata (Tranzschel), and Peronospora papaveris-pilosi (Vienn.-Bourg.).

Ernst Albert Gäumann
Ernst Albert Gäumann (6 October 1893 – 5 December 1963) was a Swiss botanist and mycologist who made contributions to plant pathology. As professor and director of the Institute for Special Botany at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology from 1927 until his death, he authored over 250 scientific publications, including influential works on fungal morphology and plant infections. Gäumann was particularly renowned for his pioneering research on rust fungi, fungal toxins, and plant defence mechanisms. His groundbreaking work on host-specific toxins and wilt diseases established foundational concepts in phytopathology. For his contributions to science, he received numerous accolades, including the Marcel Benoist Prize, honorary doctorates from several universities, and membership in the French Academy of Sciences.
Randy Robertson (politician)
Wiley Randall Robertson (born October 6, 1962) is an American politician from Cataula, Georgia. He is a Republican member of the Georgia State Senate representing District 29, elected in 2018. Robertson is a retired law enforcement officer and attended Command College at Columbus State University and the FBI National Academy.

Robertson was a Law Enforcement Officer in the Muscogee County Sheriff's Office. In 2018, he was elected to the Georgia State Senate. He was reelected in the 2020 general elections.

2020 Georgia state elections
Several elections took place in the U.S state of Georgia in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020, and the runoff on January 5, 2021. A combined partisan primary for president and all other offices on the ballot was held on June 9, 2020, with a primary runoff held on August 11.

To vote by mail, registered Georgia voters must have requested a ballot by October 30, 2020. By early October some 1,589,147 voters requested mail ballots. Following the November 3, 2020 general election, voters whose mail-in ballots were rejected could make corrections ("cure") until 5 p.m. on Friday, November 6, 2020.
Eupithecia sabulosata
Eupithecia sabulosata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1944. It is found in the US state of California.

The wingspan is 22–23 mm.

The larvae feed on Thuja plicata. The larvae are various shades of green with a brown head.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
Crosby (UK Parliament constituency)
53°29′28″N 3°01′44″W﻿ / ﻿53.491°N 3.029°W﻿ / 53.491; -3.029

Crosby was a constituency in Merseyside, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1950 until 2010. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Blundellsands
Blundellsands is an area of Crosby in the ceremonial county of Merseyside, England and in the historic county of Lancashire. The area was created as a suburb for wealthy businessmen from Liverpool by the Blundell family of Crosby Hall in the middle of the 19th century.

It is part of the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, and a Sefton council electoral ward. At the 2001 census the population was recorded as 11,514. This area was not measured in the 2011 Census. For current figures see Blundellsands (Ward).
Streap
Streap is a mountain in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. It lies on a long ridge that separates Glen Finnan from Gleann Dubh Lighe, about 5 km north-east of the village of Glenfinnan.

56°55′23″N 5°22′32″W﻿ / ﻿56.923017°N 5.3754694°W﻿ / 56.923017; -5.3754694

Glenfinnan
Glenfinnan (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Fhionnain [klan̪ˠˈʝũn̪ˠɛɲ]) is a hamlet in Lochaber area of the Highlands of Scotland. In 1745 the Jacobite rising began here when Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") raised his standard on the shores of Loch Shiel. Seventy years later, the 18 m (60 ft) Glenfinnan Monument, at the head of the loch, was erected to commemorate the historic event.
Kwai Shing West Estate (constituency)
Kwai Shing West Estate (Chinese: 葵盛西邨) is one of the 31 constituencies of the Kwai Tsing District Council in Hong Kong. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in the 1994 elections. Its boundary is loosely based on part of High Prosperity Terrace, Horizon Place and Kwai Shing West Estate in Kwai Chung with estimated population of 18,062.

Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town.

In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km2. Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong.
Phosphate-buffered saline
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solutions are isotonic, meaning they match those of the human body.

Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. KCl is used as a salt substitute for table salt (NaCl), a fertilizer, as a medication, in scientific applications, in domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), as a feedstock, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.

It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, which is named after salt's historical designations sal degistivum Sylvii and sal febrifugum Sylvii, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
CTBC Financial Park
The CTBC Financial Park, or Chinatrust Commercial Bank Headquarters (Chinese: 中國信託金融園區), is a skyscraper office complex located in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan. Construction of the complex began in 2010 and it was completed in 2013. The complex consists of three towers with a total floor area of 266,290 m2 (2,866,300 sq ft). The height of Block A is 139 m (456 ft), and it comprises 30 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. The height of Block B is 99.4 m (326 ft), and it comprises 20 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. The height of Block C is 66.7 m (219 ft), and it comprises 14 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. It houses the headquarters of CTBC Financial Holding and is situated in close proximity to Nangang Software Park and Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center.

Nangang Software Park
25°3′27.1″N 121°36′52″E﻿ / ﻿25.057528°N 121.61444°E﻿ / 25.057528; 121.61444

The Nangang Software Park (NKSP; Chinese: 南港軟體產業園區; pinyin: Nángǎng Ruǎntǐ Chǎnyè Yuánqū) is located in the 87-hectare Nangang Trade and Economic Park, Taipei, Taiwan. It is also known as Nangang Software Industrial Park (Chinese: 南港軟體工業園), Nangang Industrial Park (Chinese: 南港工業園), and Nangang Science Park (Chinese: 南港科學園).
Orthmann
Orthmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Gottlob Orthmann (1859–1922), German gynecologist

Hanna Orthmann (born 1998), German volleyball player

Hans-Jürgen Orthmann (born 1954), German long-distance runner

Walter Orthmann (1922–2024), Brazilian textile worker

Wilhelm Orthmann (1901–1945), German physicist

Winfried Orthmann (born 1935), German archaeologist specializing in the Near East

Wilhelm Orthmann
Wilhelm Orthmann (1 May 1901 – 6 July 1945) was a German physicist. He was director of the physico-technical department of the Industrial College of Berlin. During World War II, he was also employed by the Reich Aviation Ministry.
Commonwealth School
Commonwealth School, often referred to simply as Commonwealth, is a private, co-educational high school of about 160 students and 35 faculty members located in the downtown Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

New England Association of Schools and Colleges
The New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc. (NEASC /ˈniːæsk/ NEE-ask) is an American educational organization that accredits private and public secondary schools (high schools and technical/career institutions), primarily in New England. It also accredits international secondary schools (primarily in the Middle East and Europe) and, less frequently, high schools in other U.S. states.

Until 2018, NEASC was the primary accrediting organization for universities in New England. Since 2018, the former NEASC university accreditation body is now an independent organization, the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). NEASC retained its old name after the split, although the word "colleges" is now an anachronism.
Karalina
Karalina is a given name. It is a version of Caroline and a variant of Carolina.

Karalina Savenka (born 1998), Belarusian cyclist

Johanna Maria Karalina [Lina] Karsten birthname of Mary Caroline Bisley (1836-1917), German settler of New Zealand

Mary Caroline Bisley
Mary Caroline Bisley (born Johanna Maria Karalina [Lina] Karsten) (23 December 1836-1917) was an early settler in Nelson, New Zealand, arriving in 1843. She came to New Zealand on the St. Pauli, from Prussia (now Germany).

Bisley's memoirs were published in 1899, and detail early settler existence in Moutere and the Nelson region. Her gravestone is featured in the "Notable Women Walk" in Nelson.
Museum London
Museum London is an art and history museum located in London, Ontario, Canada. It is located near the forks of the Thames River. It started its operations in 1940 with London Public Library and amalgamated with London Regional Art Gallery and London Regional Historical Museum in 1989. The current building is designed by Raymond Moriyama, architect of Science North in Greater Sudbury, the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, and the National Museum of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh.

National Museum of Saudi Arabia
The National Museum of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المتحف الوطني السعودي) is a national museum located in the al-Murabba neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Established in 1999, it is part of the King Abdulaziz Historical Centre and is surrounded by al-Wadi Park to the north and al-Madi Park to the east, who altogether constitute eastern side of the National Museum Park.
Felinów, Łódź Voivodeship
Felinów [fɛˈlinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osjaków, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Osjaków, 16 km (10 mi) east of Wieluń, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Mike Nahan
Michael Dennis Nahan (born 2 July 1950) is an Australian politician who served as the leader of the Western Australian Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition from the 2017 state election until his resignation in June 2019. He served as Treasurer of Western Australia under the Barnett ministry from March 2014 until the government's election defeat in March 2017. Nahan was also the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Riverton from 2008 until 2021, when he was succeeded by Labor's Jags Krishnan.

Barnett ministry
The Barnett Ministry was the 35th Ministry of the Government of Western Australia. It included 13 members of the Liberal Party, three members of the National Party and an independent. It was led by the Premier of Western Australia, Colin Barnett, and Deputy Premier Liza Harvey. It succeeded the Carpenter Ministry on 23 September 2008 following the 2008 election and was succeeded by the First McGowan Ministry following the Liberal Party's defeat at the 2017 election.
Heonilleung
Heonilleung (Korean: 헌인릉; Hanja: 獻仁陵) is a burial ground from the Joseon dynasty, located in Seocho District, Seoul. This is where King Taejong and King Sunjo are entombed, along with their wives, Queen Wongyeong and Queen Sunwon.

Queen Wŏn'gyŏng
Queen Wŏn'gyŏng (Korean: 원경왕후 민씨; 6 August 1365 – 27 August 1420) of the Yeoheung Min clan, was the primary wife of King Taejong of Joseon, and the mother of Sejong the Great.

She was queen consort of Joseon from 1400, and was honored as Consort Chŏng (정비) until her husband became king emeritus in 1418 after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Hudŏk (후덕왕대비).
Pashan Test Range
Pashan Test Range is an out-door testing and evaluating facility of Armament Research and Development Establishment for armament stores.

It is located in outskirt of Pune near Pashan village and is spread over 150 acres of land surrounded by hills on three sides.

The facilities at Pasan Test Range include the following:

Small arms firing up to 1,000-m range

Velocity measurement tunnel up to 100 m

Sand butt tunnel for firing of high-calibre guns

Leaning tower for aircraft seat ejection studies

Environment testing for life assessment of armament stores

High-speed photography and video recording

Photometric tunnel for measuring luminosity of illuminating store

30-m para-drop tower

Since Pashan Test Range is located in the vicinity of a metropolitan city, it a limited trial facility and full range trial cannot be conducted here

Armament Research and Development Establishment
In India, the Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Pune, it is the main DRDO lab involved in the development of conventional armaments.
Albanian Canadians
Albanian Canadians (Albanian: shqiptaro-kanadezët; French: albanais-canadien) are Canadians of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in Canada. They trace their ancestry to the territories with a large Albanian population in the Balkans among others to Albania, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Montenegro. They are adherents of different religions and are predominantly Muslims though there are also many who adhere to Christianity.

In 2021, there were 41,620 Canadian citizens of Albanian descent living in Canada. The Albanian Canadians are predominantly distributed in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec followed by growing communities in Alberta and British Columbia.

Ancestor
In genealogy and evolutionary biology, an ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth). Ancestor is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an estate has been inherited."
Hanyang University College of Engineering
College of Engineering Hanyang University (Korean: 한양대학교 공과대학) is the oldest engineering school in South Korea which is established in 1939. It is the major college(number of students, professors, etc.) of Hanyang University.

Illinois Institute of Technology
The Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university's historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
Paul G. Halpern
Paul G. Halpern (born 27 January 1937) is a retired American educator, naval historian and documentary editor. His primary focus has been the history of the Royal Navy in the period surrounding the First World War and in Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I. In describing his career of achievement in publishing six volumes of edited naval documents, "The Annual Report of the Council of the Navy Records Society" noted in 2016 that "Paul Halpern has served the Society notably". "Those who have edited a similar number are a distinguished group: Sir Julian Corbett, Michael Oppenheim, Professor David Syrett, and J. R. Tanner, while only Sir John Knox Laughton (with nine volumes) and the Admiralty Librarian David Bonner-Smith (with eight volumes) have outstripped him."

Julian Corbett
Sir Julian Stafford Corbett (12 November 1854 at Walcot House, Kennington Road, Lambeth – 21 September 1922 at Manor Farm, Stopham, Pulborough, Sussex) was a prominent British naval historian and geostrategist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose works helped shape the Royal Navy's reforms of that era. One of his most famous works is Some Principles of Maritime Strategy, which remains a classic among students of naval warfare. Corbett was a good friend and ally of naval reformer Admiral John "Jacky" Fisher, the First Sea Lord. He was chosen to write the official history of British naval operations during World War I.
Wolff Olins
Wolff Olins is a global brand consultancy agency that specialises in corporate identity. It was founded in 1965 in London, where its main office is still based, as well as having offices in New York City, San Francisco and Los Angeles. It employs some 150 designers, strategists, technologists, environment specialists and programme managers, and has been part of the Omnicom Group since 2001. 
Since the agency was founded, it has worked for several entities in various sectors including technology, culture, retail, sport, consumer goods, travel, energy and public utilities, media and non-profit.

In 2012 the firm was listed by The Sunday Times as one of the "best small companies to work for", and was in 31st place on list of the "best places to work" compiled by Ad Age magazine. In 2018 Fast Company magazine placed the company at the head of a list of the "most innovative design firms".

Ad Age
Ad Age (known as Advertising Age until 2017) is a global media brand that publishes news, analysis, and data on marketing and media. Its namesake magazine was started as a broadsheet newspaper in Chicago in 1930. Ad Age appears in multiple formats, including its website, daily email newsletters, social channels, events and a bimonthly print magazine.

Ad Age is based in New York City. Its parent company, the Detroit-based Crain Communications, is a privately held publishing company with more than 30 magazines, including Autoweek, Crain's New York Business, Crain's Chicago Business, Crain's Detroit Business, and Automotive News.