hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halomonas alkaliphila
Halomonas alkaliphila is a Gram-negative halophilic Pseudomonadota. Its specific epithet stems from the Arabic word alkali (al-qaliy), the ashes of saltwort and the Latin adjective philus -a -um, meaning "friend" or "loving": loving alkaline media.

Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym "Proteobacteria") is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include pathogenic and free-living (non-parasitic) genera. The phylum comprises six classes Acidithiobacillia, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrogenophilia, and Zetaproteobacteria. The Pseudomonadota are widely diverse, with differences in morphology, metabolic processes, relevance to humans, and ecological influence.
The Ghost (American band)
The Ghost was a punk rock band from Chicago, with its roots based in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Members were Brian Moss (Wunder Years, Hanalei, Ole Hole, Great Apes), Randall Bleichner, Jordan Schalich, Shane Stevens, and Paul Lask. From 2001 to 2005 The Ghost toured with bands such as Rival Schools, Thursday, Communique, The Exit, The Cost, Twelve Hour Turn and Small Brown Bike.

Signed to Some Records, The Ghost released two full-length albums. This Is a Hospital, recorded by Steve Albini, was met with favorable reviews. In 2005 This Pen Is a Weapon, recorded and produced by Brian Deck, was met with mixed reviews.

In December 2004 the band broke up, citing "arguments, shifting interests, consistently harsh tours, depression, and conflicting views".

Brian Deck
Brian Deck is an American music producer and member of the band Red Red Meat. He co-founded Idful Music Corporation in 1988. Since becoming a full-time producer, Deck has worked with bands and artists including Modest Mouse, Iron & Wine, Califone, All Smiles, Fruit Bats, Gomez, The Grates, Holopaw, Baby & Hide, David Singer and David Berkeley. Brian currently works at Narwhal Studios (formerly Engine Studios) in Chicago.
Karen Gulley
Karen Gulley is an Australian former professional tennis player.

Gulley, an Australian hardcourt junior champion, played on the international tour in the early 1980s, featuring in main draws at the French Open and Wimbledon. She made the singles second round of the 1980 Australian Open, beating Marcie Harper. In 1981 she and Dale Collings reached the round of 16 in mixed doubles at Wimbledon.

1981 Wimbledon Championships
The 1981 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 22 June until 4 July. It was the 95th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1981.

For the first time in the tournament's history there were no seeded British players in the singles draws.
Reggie Arnold
Reggie Arnold (born March 30, 1987) is an American former football running back who played college football for the Arkansas State Red Wolves.

While at Arkansas state, Arnold had three 1,000-yard rushing seasons. He accomplished the feat in 2006 (1,076), 2007 (1,060) and 2008 (1,074). He ranks second in Arkansas State school history with a career total of 3,933 rushing yards. He was named first-team Freshman All-American by Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) in 2006, and a Doak Walker Award candidate from 2007 to 2009.

Arkansas State Red Wolves football
The Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represents Arkansas State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football competition. The team was founded in 1911 and has competed as a member of the Sun Belt Conference since 2001. Their home field is Centennial Bank Stadium and the head coach is Butch Jones.

The Red Wolves have claimed 12 conference championships. Arkansas State's most recent conference championship came in 2016. The team claims one national championship, which came in 1970 at the NCAA College Division level.

In 2008, the school changed its mascot from the Indians to the Red Wolves.
Mascall
Mascall is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dernelle Mascall (born 1988), Tobagonian soccer player

Eric Lionel Mascall (1905–1993), English theologian

Jennifer Wootton Mascall (born 1952), Canadian modern dance choreographer, performer and teacher

Leah Mascall (born 1995), Australian rules footballer

Leonard Mascall (d. 1589), English author and translator

Robert Mascall (d. 1416), English medieval Carmelite friar and bishop

Roger Mascall, MP

Sharon Mascall (born 1970), British-born Australian journalist

Robert Mascall
Robert Mascall (or Maschal) (died 22 December 1416) was a medieval Carmelite friar who served as the Bishop of Hereford from 1404 to 1416.

Mascall was born at Ludlow, Shropshire, where at an early age he became a Carmelite friar. He was educated at the University of Oxford, gaining a distinction in philosophy and theology. Probably in 1400, King Henry IV appointed Mascall his confessor.

Mascall was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Hereford by papal provision on 2 July and consecrated on 6 July 1404. He received possession of the temporalities of the See of Hereford on 25 September 1404.

Mascall died in office on 22 December 1416.
Tris(dimethylamino)methane
Tris(dimethylamino)methane (TDAM) is the simplest representative of the tris(dialkylamino)methanes of the general formula (R2N)3CH in which three of the four of methane's hydrogen atoms are replaced by dimethylamino groups (−N(CH3)2). Tris(dimethylamino)methane can be regarded as both an amine and an orthoamide.

Tris(dimethylamino)methane is a strong base and can be used as a formylation agent, as aminomethylenation reagent and as a source for the basic bis(dimethylamino)carbene of the formula (R2N)2C:.

Formylation
Formylation refers to any chemical processes in which a compound is functionalized with a formyl group (-CH=O). In organic chemistry, the term is most commonly used with regard to aromatic compounds (for example the conversion of benzene to benzaldehyde in the Gattermann–Koch reaction). In biochemistry the reaction is catalysed by enzymes such as formyltransferases.

Formylation generally involves the use of formylation agents, reagents that give rise to the CHO group. Among the many formylation reagents, particularly important are formic acid and carbon monoxide. A formylation reaction in organic chemistry refers to organic reactions in which an organic compound is functionalized with a formyl group (-CH=O). The reaction is a route to aldehydes (C-CH=O), formamides (N-CH=O), and formate esters (O-CH=O).
Lake Liddell
Lake Liddell is located between Muswellbrook and Singleton, in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia.

Lake Liddell supplied cooling water for Liddell Power Station, and was created during construction of the power station.

Lake Liddell was closed for public use in March 2016 after Naegleria fowleri, a brain-eating amoeba, was discovered in the lake. Heavy metals have been detected in Lake Liddell.

Naegleria fowleri
Naegleria fowleri, also known as the brain-eating amoeba, is a species of the genus Naegleria. It belongs to the phylum Percolozoa and is classified as an amoeboflagellate excavate, an organism capable of behaving as both an amoeba and a flagellate. This free-living microorganism primarily feeds on bacteria, but can become pathogenic in humans, causing an extremely rare, sudden, severe, and almost always fatal brain infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), also known as naegleriasis.

It is typically found in warm freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, hot springs, warm water discharge from industrial or power plants, geothermal well water, and poorly maintained or minimally chlorinated swimming pools with residual chlorine levels under 0.5 g/m3, water heaters, soil, and pipes connected to tap water. It can exist in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage.
Whenever (Atmosphere album)
Whenever is the tenth studio album by American hip hop duo Atmosphere. It was surprise released via Rhymesayers Entertainment on December 13, 2019. On November 8, 2019, the first single, "Bde Maka Ska", was released. Its videoclip, directed by Tomas Askamit, was shot in the location of the eponymous Bde Maka Ska lake in Minneapolis.

From January 13, 2020 to February 28, Atmosphere, accompanied by Nikki Jean, The Lioness and DJ Keezy, embarked on The Wherever Tour to promote the album.

Bde Maka Ska
Bde Maka Ska (/bəˈdeɪ məˈkɑː skɑː/ bə-DAY mə-KAH skah, previously named Lake Calhoun) is the largest lake in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, and part of the city's Chain of Lakes. Surrounded by city park land and circled by bike and walking trails, it is popular for many outdoor activities. The lake has an area of 401 acres (1.62 km2) and a maximum depth of 87 feet (27 m).
24-Hour Call
24-Hour Call was a 1963 British television series for ATV around the private practice of four doctors played by Godfrey Quigley as Dr Bennett and Geoffrey Frederick from a previous ATV series Call Oxbridge 2000, and newcomers Scott Forbes and Andrew Downie.

Scott Forbes
Conrad Scott Forbes (11 September 1920 – 25 February 1997), popularly known as Scott Forbes, was a British film and television actor and screenwriter. In his later career as a screenwriter, he was credited as C. Scott Forbes.
Aathmakatha
Aathmakatha (English: Autobiography) is a 2010 Indian Malayalam film written and directed by debutant Premlal starring Sreenivasan, Shafna, Sharbani Mukherjee and Jagathy Sreekumar. Athmakadha finds its niche in a classic genre of mainstream Malayalam films that include the works of directors like Bharathan and Padmarajan.

Sreenivasan plays a blind man named Kochubaby while Sharbani Mukherjee plays Mary, his wife. The film talks about the positivism in life of the visually impaired Kochubaby. The film was selected for various international film festivals and was screened at the IFFI, Goa in the Indian Panorama section. Premlal received many awards for 'Athmakadha' including a special jury award at the Kerala State Film Awards for direction and Ramu Kariat award. Sreenivasan won the Asianet Film Award Honour Special Jury Award.

The soundtrack for the film was composed by "Aaromale" fame Alphons Joseph with lyrics written by Kaithapram and Engandiyoor Chandrasekharan.

Aaromale
"Aaromale" (transl. O Beloved) is a song from the 2010 Tamil film Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa and Telugu film Ye Maaya Chesave composed by A. R. Rahman, featuring lyrics by Kaithapram and the word Aaromale frequently used in the 2012 Hindi version of the song in the film Ekk Deewana Tha with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. The song is sung by Malayalam composer Alphons Joseph. The song was well received upon release and was a chart topper.
Malacañang of the South
The Malacañang of the South, also known as the Presidential Guest House in Davao or Panacañang, is a presidential guest house in Panacan, Davao City that serves as the Philippine President's official residence in Mindanao. It is located in the compound and office complex of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Davao Region.

Davao Region
The Davao Region (Cebuano: Rehiyon sa Dabaw; Filipino: Rehiyon ng Davao), designated as Region XI, is an administrative region in the Philippines. Formerly called Southern Mindanao, it is situated in the southeastern portion of Mindanao, enclosing the Davao Gulf. The region comprises five provinces: Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Davao Occidental. Davao City is the region's sole highly urbanized city, as well as its regional center.
Naashoibitosaurus
Naashoibitosaurus (from Navajo naʼashǫ́ʼii bitooh—"creek lizard") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived about 73 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous, and was found in the Kirtland Formation of the San Juan Basin in New Mexico, United States. Only a partial skeleton has been found to date. It was first described as a specimen of Kritosaurus by Jack Horner, and has been intertwined with the taxon since its description.

Jack Horner (paleontologist)
John Robert Horner is an American paleontologist who described Maiasaura, providing the first clear evidence that some non-avian dinosaurs cared for their young. In addition to his paleontological discoveries, Horner served as the technical advisor for the first five Jurassic Park films, had a cameo appearance in Jurassic World, and served as a partial inspiration for one of the lead characters of the franchise, Dr. Alan Grant.

Horner studied at the University of Montana, although he did not complete his degree due to undiagnosed dyslexia, and was awarded a Doctorate in Science honoris causa. He retired from Montana State University on July 1, 2016, although he claims to have been pushed out of the Museum of the Rockies after having married an undergraduate student 46 years his junior and then taught as a Presidential Fellow at Chapman University. In 2026, his connections with Jeffrey Epstein attracted controversy. and in February 2026 his employment with Chapman University ended.
Ndaba Gcwabaza
Ndabakayise Erasmus Gcwabaza (born 8 July 1954) is a South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2019. First elected in April 2004, he represented the KwaZulu-Natal constituency.

During apartheid, Gcwabaza was a member of the regional executive committee of the United Democratic Front in Southern Natal from 1984 to 1991. After joining the underground of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1988, he convened an MK unit in Klaarwater and helped establish another such unit in Hammarsdale. After the ANC and other anti-apartheid organisations were unbanned in 1990, he became chairperson of the ANC's new branch in Klaarwater from 1990 to 1994, and he was secretary of the Pinetown branch of the South African Communist Party from 1996 to 1998.

Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal
Mpumalanga, also widely known as Hammarsdale, is a township located in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It is situated some 10 km south-south-east of Cato Ridge and some 50 km west of Durban. Derived from Zulu, the name means 'sunrise', 'the sun comes out'.

The township boasts of a local library known as Mpumalanga Library and a shopping center which has become the heart of the township known as the Hammarsdale Junction. There is a local stadium and an Elangeni College campus located in the heart of Mpumalanga. Among amenities such as clinics, police stations, a SASSA and a home affairs office, the township has a variety of schools, some of which are mentioned below.
Brain circulation
Brain circulation is the circular movement of skilled labour across nations.

Brain circulation differs from brain drain which describes skilled labour from certain countries emigrating to other countries in search of better opportunities. In India  one witnessed large-scale emigration of engineers from its premier engineering institutes ) in the sixties, seventies and eighties.

The late nineties and the early years of the 21st century however saw large numbers of these emigrants returning to India as prospects in India improved markedly, brought on by important economic reforms initiated in the early nineties.

Microeconomic reform
Microeconomic reform (or often just economic reform) comprises policies directed to achieve improvements in economic efficiency, either by eliminating or reducing distortions in individual sectors of the economy or by reforming economy-wide policies such as tax policy and competition policy with an emphasis on economic efficiency, rather than other goals such as equity or employment growth.

"Economic reform" usually refers to deregulation, or at times to reduction in the size of government, to remove distortions caused by regulations or the presence of government, rather than new or increased regulations or government programs to reduce distortions caused by market failure. As such, these reform policies are in the tradition of laissez faire, emphasizing the distortions caused by government, rather than in ordoliberalism, which emphasizes the need for state regulation to maximize efficiency.
Ad-Dhahiriya
Ad-Dhahiriya (also az-Zahiriya) (Arabic: الظاهرية) is a city in the Hebron Governorate of Palestine, 22 km southwest of the city of Hebron in the southern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, ad-Dhahiriya had a population of 35,924 in 2017.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Habib Haroon
Habib Haroon Haroon Saeed (Arabic: حبيب هارون هارون سعيد; born 5 October 2000) is a Bahraini professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Malaysia Super League club Kelantan The Real Warriors.

Terengganu FC
Terengganu Football Club is a professional football club based in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, that competes in the Malaysia Super League, the first division of Malaysian football league system.

The club had won major trophies in Malaysian football. Domestically they had won 1 Malaysia Cup, 2 Malaysia FA Cup, 1 Malaysia Charity Shield, 2 Malaysia Premier League titles and 1 FAM League title. Terengganu remains the only state team that has not won the top flight league since the introduction of the league in 1982 up until now.
Butley (film)
Butley is a 1974 American-British drama film directed by Harold Pinter and starring Alan Bates, Jessica Tandy, Richard O'Callaghan, Susan Engel, and Michael Byrne. It was adapted by Simon Gray from his 1971 play of same name. It was produced by Ely Landau and released through Landau's American Film Theatre.

Richard O'Callaghan
Richard O'Callaghan (born Richard Brooke; 7 March 1940) is an English character actor.

He is the son of actors Patricia Hayes and Valentine Brooke, whose stage name was Valentine Rooke. As a boy actor he was known as Richard Brooke. He has led a versatile career in film, stage and television in a wide range of roles. He is best known for his roles in the bawdy British comedy films Carry On Loving (1970) and Carry On At Your Convenience (1971).
Von der Tann (gunboat)
Von der Tann was a steam-powered 120 ton gunboat built in 1849 at Conradi shipyards in Kiel for the small joint navy of the two duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. She was the first propeller-driven gunboat in the world.

Duchy of Holstein
The Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; Danish: Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his County of Holstein-Rendsburg elevated to a duchy by Emperor  Frederick III in 1474. Members of the Danish House of Oldenburg ruled Holstein – jointly with the Duchy of Schleswig – for its entire existence.

From 1490 to 1523 and again from 1544 to 1773 the Duchy was partitioned between various Oldenburg branches, most notably the dukes of Holstein-Glückstadt (identical with the Kings of Denmark) and Holstein-Gottorp. The duchy ceased to exist when the Kingdom of Prussia annexed it in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.
Bani Hassan and Hussein
Bani Hassan and Hussein (Arabic: بني حسن وحسين) is a sub-district located in Manakhah District, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. Bani Hassan and Hussein had a population of 3991 according to the 2004 census.

'Uzlah
'Uzlah (Arabic: عزلة, plural 'Uzaal; Arabic: عزل) is the name of a tier in Yemen's regional administrative divisions. The 'uzlah was originally a sub-division of a mikhlaf, another type of administrative division. However, the mikhleef system is no longer used by the government so the 'uzlah is now an administrative sub-division of a district.
Lua (song)
"Lua" is a single by Bright Eyes released in October 2004. Appearing on the album, I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning, the song deals with two people as they struggle through depression, addiction, and an interminable night. Conor Oberst appears alone on the track, on vocals and acoustic guitar.

The song also appears as a duet with Gillian Welch on the album Dark Was the Night.
"Lua" was on number 89 of Rolling Stone's "100 Best Songs of the 2000s". The song was also featured in the 2015 video game Life Is Strange and the 2021 documentary Can't Get You Out of My Head.

I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning
I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning is the sixth studio album by American band Bright Eyes, released on January 25, 2005, by Saddle Creek Records (the same day as their seventh album, Digital Ash in a Digital Urn).

The album was reissued by Dead Oceans alongside a six-track companion EP on November 11, 2022.
Nemours-Nedroma
Nemours-Nedroma is a volcanic field in Algeria. It is in the Tlecmen province. Part of the larger Oranie volcanic field, it has erupted alkali basalts, with one eruption date being 2.1 million years ago.

Alkali basalt
Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a dark-colored, porphyritic volcanic rock usually found in oceanic and continental areas associated with volcanic activity, such as oceanic islands, continental rifts and volcanic fields. Alkali basalt is characterized by relatively high alkali (Na2O and K2O) content relative to other basalts and by the presence of olivine and titanium-rich augite in its groundmass and phenocrysts, and nepheline in its CIPW norm.
Namık Kemal
Namık Kemal (Ottoman Turkish: نامق كمال, romanized: Nâmıḳ Kemâl, pronounced [ˈnaː.mɯk ce.ˈmal]; Turkish: Namık Kemal; 21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman writer, poet, democrat, intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which led to the First Constitutional Era in the Empire in 1876. Kemal championed notions of freedom and fatherland in his plays and poems, and his works had a significant impact on the establishment of and future reform movements in Turkey, as well as other former Ottoman territories. He is often regarded as being instrumental in redefining Western concepts like natural rights and constitutional government.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.