hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
False singular
In English grammar, a false singular occurs when a singular noun ending in a s or z sound is understood as a plural from which a new singular is constructed.  The false singular is a form of back-formation.

Some false singulars become standard English.  For example, pea was originally a false singular from pease pl. peasen. The old word remains in the phrase pease porridge.

The non-standard historical forms Chinee and Portuguee are also false singulars, from Chinese and Portuguese.

Back-formation
Back-formation is the process or result of creating a new word via morphology, typically by removing or substituting actual or supposed affixes from a lexical item, in a way that expands the number of lexemes associated with the corresponding root word. James Murray coined the term back-formation in 1889. (Oxford English Dictionary Online preserves its first use of 'back-formation' from 1889 in the definition of to burgle; from burglar.)

For example, the noun resurrection was borrowed from Latin, and the verb resurrect was then back-formed hundreds of years later from it by removing the -ion suffix. This segmentation of resurrection into resurrect + ion was possible because English had examples of Latin words in the form of verb and verb+-ion pairs, such as opine/opinion. These became the pattern for many more such pairs, where a verb derived from a Latin supine stem and a noun ending in ion entered the language together, such as insert/insertion, project/projection, etc.
Calas (surname)
Calas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jean Calas (1698–1762), Protestant executed for his faith

Georges Calas (born 1948), French mineralogist

Nicolas Calas (1907–1988), Greek-American poet and art critic

Raoul Calas (1899–1978), French politician

Nicolas Calas
Nicolas Calas (Greek: Νικόλαος Κάλας) (May 27, 1907 – December 31, 1988) was the pseudonym of Nikos Kalamaris (Νίκος Καλαμάρης), a Greek-American poet and art critic. While living in Greece, he also used the pseudonyms Nikitas Randos (Νικήτας Ράντος) and M. Spieros (Μ. Σπιέρος).
Nõmme Kalju FC U21
Nõmme Kalju FC U21, commonly known as Nõmme Kalju U21, or simply as Kalju U21, is a football club, based in Nõmme, Tallinn, Estonia.

Founded as Nõmme Kalju II, it is the reserve team of Nõmme Kalju, and currently plays in the Esiliiga B.

Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as the senior team, rather than in a reserve team league. They must play at least one level below their main side, however, they can play in the Estonian Cup.

Football in Estonia
Football in Estonia is governed by the Estonian Football Association (Eesti Jalgpalli Liit). The EJL controls the domestic club championships (Meistriliiga, II liiga, III liiga, IV liiga; Naiste Meistriliiga, Naiste Esiliiga, Naiste II liiga), the Estonian Cup, Estonian SuperCup, Estonian Small Cup and the national teams (Estonia national football team, Estonia women's national football team, all youth teams).
Moollawoolka, New South Wales
Moollawoolka is a rural locality and a civil parish of Killara County, in New South Wales

The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BSh (Hot semi-desert).

Moolawoolka is on the Paroo River at 30°33′23″S 143°52′38″E which is between Paroo-Darling National Park and Nocoleche Nature Reserve. The Paroo River represents an oasis in the otherwise arid and featureless landscape of the northwest New South Wales and the area has been declared an important Ramsar Site.

The main geographic features of the parish are Tongo Lake and the Paroo River, and the parish is near the Norma Downs Cattle Station. The nearest town is Wilcannia, New South Wales.

Paroo River
The Paroo River, a series of waterholes, connected in wet weather as a running stream of the Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South West region of Queensland and Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the home of the Paarkantji people.

Paroo is the local Aboriginal word for the bony bream fish, which are common in the river.
Talat Chaiya
Talat Chaiya (Thai: ตลาดไชยา, lit. 'Chaiya Market') is the one of two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambon) in Chaiya District, Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand. It was founded as the center of Chaiya District in 1915 on the area of former Srivijaya city of Chaiya. It covers an area of 21 km2 and has a population of 5,549.

Surat Thani province
Surat Thani (Thai: สุราษฎร์ธานี, pronounced [sù.râːt tʰāː.nīː]), often shortened to Surat, is the largest province (changwat) of Southern Thailand. It lies on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means 'city of good people', a title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI); Surat Thani is therefore the sole province in Southern Thailand for which the native name is in the Central Thai language.
Typhoons in the Korean Peninsula
The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula region located over Eastern Asia. Politically, the region is divided into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

Climatologically, in the Northwest Pacific basin, most tropical cyclones tend to develop between May and October. Typhoons impacting this region are not uncommon, with the bulk of these storms doing so in the third quarter (July to September). This article includes any tropical cyclone of any intensity that affected the Korean Peninsula.

Kunsan Air Base
Kunsan K-8 Air Base (Korean: 군산공군기지) is a United States Air Force base located at Gunsan Airport, on the west coast of the Korean peninsula bordered by the Yellow Sea.  It is located in the town of Gunsan (also romanized as Kunsan), about 180 kilometres (110 mi) south of Seoul.

Kunsan Air Base is the home of the 8th Fighter Wing, "The Wolf Pack," assigned to the Pacific Air Forces Seventh Air Force and the 38th Fighter Group of the Republic of Korea Air Force. About 45 F-16 aircraft are stationed at the base. It is one of two major Air Force installations operated by the United States Forces Korea, the other being Osan Air Base.
Grêmio Esportivo Tiradentes
Grêmio Esportivo Tiradentes, commonly known as Tiradentes, was a Brazilian football team, based in city of Ceilândia, in the Distrito Federal, founded in 1967 and dissolved circa 2001. The winner of the Championship of the Federal District of 1988 competed five times in the Série C and once in the Série B and in the Copa do Brasil. For a short time, the club was known as Flamengo Esportivo Tiradentes de Brasília.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Beth Croft
Beth Emily Croft (née, Coulson; born 13 October 1986) is an English Christian musician, who primarily plays a contemporary Christian style of worship music. She released, Rule in My Heart, with Integrity Music alongside Survivor Records, in 2014.

Soul Survivor (charity)
Soul Survivor is a Christian movement, based in Watford, Hertfordshire, part of the charismatic evangelical tradition. From 1993 until 2019, it ran Christian summer festivals aimed at young people, as well as other events throughout the year. It is also the name of a church, centred on weekly worship services at its warehouses in Watford.
Joseph Dufresne
Joseph Dufresne (February 2, 1805 – November 5, 1873) was a Quebec notary and political figure. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Montcalm from 1867 to 1871.

He was born in Saint-Paul-de-Lavaltrie, Lower Canada in 1805. He qualified as a notary in 1834 and set up practice in Saint-Jacques-de-l'Achigan, then Saint-Lin, Saint-Alexis and finally Montreal. In 1854, he was elected to the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada for Montcalm; he was re-elected in 1858 but defeated by Jean-Louis Martin in 1861. When Martin died before taking his seat, Dufresne was elected to the seat in a by-election in February 1862. He was re-elected in 1863 and, in 1867, was elected to the Parliament of Canada in the same riding. He resigned in 1871, when he was appointed sheriff for Saint-Jean County.

He died two years later at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu.

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ syʁ ʁiʃ(ə)ljø], lit. 'Saint-Jean on Richelieu') is a city in eastern Montérégie in the Canadian province of Quebec, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Montreal, roughly halfway between Montreal and the Canada–United States border with the state of Vermont. It straddles the west and east banks of the Richelieu River (which is accompanied by a canal) at the northernmost navigable point of Lake Champlain. As of December 2019, the population was 98,036. The city has experienced steady growth, up from the official 2021 Census count of 97,873 residents. It hosts the annual International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, a hot air balloon festival which attracts thousands of tourists
Newton, Illinois
Newton is a city in and the county seat of Jasper County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,777 at the 2020 census. Newton is home to a large coal-fired power plant operated by Illinois Power Generating Co and is close to Newton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area and Sam Parr State Fish and Wildlife Area.

Newton is also home to the Drive 'n Theatre, formerly known as the Fairview Drive-In, which opened in 1953. It is one of ten drive-ins left standing in Illinois.

Newton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area
Newton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 1,775 acres (718 ha) in Jasper County, Illinois, United States. The park's grasslands are home to the largest of the three remaining greater prairie chicken flocks in Illinois.

The park centers on Newton Lake, an artificial reservoir constructed to provide cooling water for the Newton Power Station, a coal-fired electricity-generating power plant operated by Ameren, a public utility holding company.
Hunters Hill High School
Hunters Hill High School (HHHS) is a public, secondary, co-educational day school, located in Hunters Hill. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the Lane Cove River, near the Fig Tree Bridge.

HHHS was established in 1958.  Today the school is a comprehensive high school catering for approximately 585 students from Years 7 to 12, with most residing in the Inner West and lower North Shore.

Hunters Hill High School is a school of the New South Wales Department of Education and prepares students for the School Certificate (Year 10), and the Higher School Certificate (Year 12).

School Certificate (New South Wales)
The School Certificate was a qualification issued by the Board of Studies, typically at the end of Year 10. The successful completion of the School Certificate was a requirement for completion of the Higher School Certificate. The School Certificate was issued for the last time in 2011. It has been replaced with the RoSA (Record of School Achievement)
South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.

London Borough of Wandsworth
Wandsworth (/ˈwɒndzwɜːrθ/ ⓘ) is a London borough in South West London, England. It forms part of Inner London and has an estimated population of 329,677 inhabitants. Its main communities are Battersea, Balham, Putney, Tooting and Wandsworth Town.

The borough borders the London Borough of Lambeth to the east, the London Borough of Merton and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the south, the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the west, and to the north (across the River Thames) three boroughs, namely the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. The local authority is Wandsworth London Borough Council.
Coenonympha symphita
Coenonympha symphita, or Lederer's heath, is a butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It is found in north-eastern Turkey, south-western Georgia, and north-western Armenia.

The habitat is calcareous grasslands at 2000–2500 m above sea level. Its flight period is from early June to mid-July in one generation per year. The larvae feed on Poa annua.

Poa annua
Poa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a  widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Notwithstanding the reference to annual plant in its name, perennial bio-types do exist. This grass originated as a hybrid between Poa supina and Poa infirma. Major chromosomal rearrangements after polyploidy have contributed to variation in genome size in Poa annua.
French Heels
French Heels is a lost 1922 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Edwin L. Hollywood and starring Irene Castle. Based on short story "Knots and Windshakes" by Clarence Budington Kelland which appeared in Everybody's Magazine, it was distributed by W. W. Hodkinson.

Everybody's Magazine
Everybody's Magazine was an American magazine published from 1899 to 1929. The magazine was headquartered in New York City and was published by the Ridgway Company, a subsidiary of the Butterick Publishing Company.
Tregenna
Tregenna is a surname of Cornish origin. Recorded variations include Treganna, Tregona, Tregannah, Tregunna, Tregunno, Tregensoe, Tregensowe, Tregenza, and Tregenzo. The name is believed to have originated in the phrase tre-cenue (also tre-gonyow or tre-kensa), meaning the first or foremost farm or homestead on the downs. Examples from the church registers of Cornwall date to at least as early as 1547.

The name Tregenna may refer specifically to:

Tregenna Castle, an 18th-century castle in St Ives, Cornwall

Catherine Tregenna, Welsh playwright, television screenwriter and actress

Fiona Tregenna, South African economist

SS Tregenna, a Hain Line steamship launched in 1919 and sunk in 1940

SS Tregenna (1880), a Hain Line steamship launched in 1880

"Tregenna Afternoons", a song by English musician Anthony Phillips, released in 1978 on the album Private Parts & Pieces

SS Tregenna
SS Tregenna was a cargo steamship that was launched in England in 1919 and sunk by a U-boat in the Battle of the Atlantic in 1940 with the loss of 33 of her 37 crew. She was laid down as War Bulldog, but the Hain Steam Ship Co bought her before she was completed and renamed her Tregenna.
GTT Communications
GTT Communications, Inc. (GTT), formerly Global Telecom and Technology, is a Network as a Service (NaaS) and Security as a Service (SECaaS) provider headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. GTT operates a Tier 1 IP network and provides Internet; wide area networking, SD-WAN; network security, voice and video transport services.

Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily functions regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN. Many WANs are, however, built for one particular organization and are private. WANs can be separated from local area networks (LANs) in that the latter refers to physically proximal networks.
Always Let Me Go
Always Let Me Go: Live in Tokyo is a live double album by American jazz pianist Keith Jarrett, recorded at the Bunkamura Orchard Hall and Tokyo Bunka Kaikan in Japan in April 2001 and released on ECM October the following year. The trio—Jarrett's "Standards Trio"—features rhythm section Gary Peacock and Jack DeJohnette.

It is the fourth album to feature mainly original improvised material by the trio, following Changes (1983), Changeless (1987), and Inside Out (2000).

Tokyo Bunka Kaikan
The Tokyo Bunka Kaikan (東京文化会館) is a Japanese concert hall located in Ueno Park, Taitō, Tokyo. Designed by Japanese architect Kunio Maekawa, it was built in 1961 and renovated in 1998–99. Its larger hall seats 2303 people, and its small hall seats 649. It is operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for History and Culture.
Polytechnic University (Dawei)
Polytechnic University, Dawei (Burmese: ပိုလီတက္ကနစ်တက္ကသိုလ် (ထားဝယ်), romanized: pole takk naittakkasol (htarrwaal)) is a university in Dawei, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar.

It was formed in 2024 by the merger of Technological University (Dawei) and the University of Computer Studies (Dawei). As of April 2025 the acting rector is Aung Myint Aye, whose research interests are wireless communications, radio wave propagation system and image processing.

It is one of a group of Polytechnic Universities founded by the government of Myanmar, including Naypyitaw State Polytechnic University, Polytechnic University, Myeik, and those in Kengtung, Panglong, and Ma-ubin.

Panglong, Southern Shan State
Panglong (Shan: ပၢင်လူင်, Paang⁰long⁰, [pɑːŋ˨˦ loŋ˨˦]), officially Pinlon (ပင်လုံ, /pɪ̀ɴlòʊɴ/) is a town in Loilem Township of Loilem District, southern Shan State, Myanmar. The town is also home to Panglong University and is the largest town in Loilem Township. The Town is subdivided into 4 wards, each simply numbered one to four. Ward Two has the most people at 14,563 people. Buddhism is the largest religion, professed by 95.7% of residents.
Wrinstone
Wrinstone or Wrinston (Welsh: Wrinstwn) is a medieval hamlet, just east of Wenvoe, Vale of Glamorgan, south Wales. The Wrinstone estate was variously also known as Wrenston, Wrencheston or Wrenchester. The Barry Railway line ran past the hamlet and entered the Wenvoe Tunnel just to the north near Wenvoe Quarry. It closed after a fire in 1963.

Wenvoe Quarry
Wenvoe Quarry, formerly known as Alps Quarry, is a quarry located on the eastern edge of the Vale of Glamorgan, south Wales, approximately 5 km (3 miles) southwest of Cardiff city centre. It is situated on Alps Quarry Road, in an area known as "The Alps", between Wenvoe, Culverhouse Cross and Caerau. The quarry is accessed from the A4050 road.

The now-closed Whitehall Quarry, located 1 km (0.6 miles) to the west, was also known as Wenvoe Quarry.
Theatrical séance
A theatrical séance is an aspect of mentalism that purports to give its audiences the feeling of contacting the spirits of the dead, as might be experienced in a successful Spiritualist séance.

Theatrical séances are usually performed in either total or partial darkness to replicate the atmosphere of a traditional seance, to set the mood for the performance, and to hide the methods of the performer. Performance-goers may be treated to a variety of mentalism demonstrations during a theatrical séance, including examples of clairvoyance, ESP, precognition and telekinesis, in addition to or in preparation of apparent mediumship.

Precognition
Precognition (from the Latin prae- 'before', and cognitio 'acquiring knowledge') is the purported psychic phenomenon of seeing, or otherwise becoming directly aware of, events in the future.

There is no accepted scientific evidence that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot occur before its cause.

Precognition has been widely believed in throughout history. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, many people believe it to be real; it is still widely reported and remains a topic of research and discussion within the parapsychology community.
Shawn Hornbeck Foundation
The Shawn Hornbeck Foundation was a non-profit charitable organization based in Richwoods, Missouri, devoted to the search for and rescue of abducted children. It ran the Shawn Hornbeck Search and Rescue Team.

The rescue team was founded by Pam and Craig Akers following the disappearance of their son Shawn Hornbeck (born July 17, 1991). Hornbeck was 11 years old on October 6, 2002, when he was kidnapped while riding his bicycle near his home in Richwoods, Missouri. Shawn Hornbeck was missing for over four years before being discovered on January 12, 2007, along with another teenage boy, Ben Ownby. They had been kidnapped by Michael J. Devlin.

The Shawn Hornbeck Search and Rescue Team was a member of the National Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) and a member of the Search and Rescue Council of Missouri (SARCOM). It was also involved with the National Search Dog Association.

National Association for Search and Rescue
The National Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) has been in existence since 1972. Originally started to represent the State Search and Rescue Coordinators, NASAR grew to represent all SAR volunteers and continues to support the State Search And Rescue Coordinators Committee (SSARCC). NASAR uses standards developed by ASTM, NFPA, DHS, FEMA, and other respected bodies to build education courseware, publications, and certifications. Government agencies and non-profit search and rescue teams use NASAR's material and certifications to build credentialing programs for their organizations and produce highly skilled searchers that work within their communities and are available for mutual aid regionally and nationally. NASAR is a Virginia non-profit and federal 501(c)(3) organization.
Cossío
Cossío is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alicia Yánez Cossío (born 1928), Ecuadorian poet, novelist and journalist

José Ramón Cossío (born 1960), Mexican jurist

Karla Cossío (born 1985), Cuban-born Mexican actress

Manuel Bartolomé Cossío (1857–1935), Spanish art historian and Krausist teacher

Karla Cossío
Karla Cossío (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈsi.o]; born June 22, 1985, in Cuba) is a Mexican actress.

Born in Cuba and brought to Mexico when she was only three months old , Karla Cossío began performing very young. She studied acting at the age of 15 in the Centro de Educación Artística Infantil (CEAI) and later in the Centro de Educación Artística (CEA).

She attended elementary school in Colegio Ciudad de México, Junior High and the High School in El Colegio Britanico (The Edron Academy). She is also fluent three languages: Spanish, English, and French. Cossío was part of the soap opera Clase 406 with the character of Sandra Paola, a production of Pedro Damián.

In 2004, she acts in the soap opera Rebelde with the character of Pilar.