hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sleep epigenetics
Sleep epigenetics is the field of how epigenetics (heritable characteristics that do not involve changes in DNA sequence) affects sleep.

Research in the field of epigenetics has proven the significance of various environmental experiences. Changes in sleep can cause critical changes to the epigenome, while changes to the epigenome can, in turn, have a crucial influence on experiences related to sleep. Early life experiences with stress can produce lifelong changes in the number of glucocorticoid receptors and impair sleep. Additionally, sleep deprivation alters individuals’ epigenome via changes to methylation, histones, and non-coding RNA. The development of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy can be greatly impacted by epigenetic changes. Additionally, various methods have been discovered that can reverse, prevent, and treat sleep-related issues by causing epigenetic changes.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
P. Buford Price
Paul Buford Price (1932 – 2021), usually known as P. Buford Price, was a professor in the graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.  His work had been wide-ranging over his career, but began with the study of physics and included cosmic rays, astrophysics, nuclear physics, glaciology, climatology, biology in extreme environments, and origins of life.  He was born November 8, 1932, in Memphis, TN and died December 28, 2021.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Coburgosuchus
Coburgosuchus is an extinct genus of mystriosuchin phytosaur. The genus was named for Coburg, Germany, the type locality where specimens have been found dating back to the Late Triassic. It has at times been considered a nomen dubium due to the fragmentary nature of the material associated with the genus, and it may prove to be synonymous with other phytosaurs such as Nicrosaurus  or Phytosaurus.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase
Alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.159, alpha-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase, alpha-NAOS hydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide 3-glycohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Hydrolysis of the (1->3)-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose

When neoagarohexaose is used as a substrate, the oligosaccharide is cleaved at the non-reducing end to produce 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and agaropentaose, which is further hydrolysed to agarobiose and agarotriose.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Reddingmuirhead
Reddingmuirhead is a village located in Stirlingshire, Falkirk council area, Central Scotland. A few hundred yards uphill from the village of Redding, it is between Shieldhill and Brightons.

The village contains a large Co-operative Society building, the shops of which provide most everyday requirements, one small general store, and one licensed grocer who also looks after the post office, and a large secondary school, Braes High. It was notable in recent times for the success of its local Sunday football team, Blairlodge AFC, which competed in the Falkirk and District League.

Reddingmuirhead is also the location of the Polmont Young Offenders Institution.

Central Region, Scotland
56°03′47″N 3°47′46″W﻿ / ﻿56.063°N 3.796°W﻿ / 56.063; -3.796

Central region was a local government region from 1975 to 1996, being one of twelve such regions across Scotland. The Regional Council's headquarters were at Viewforth in Stirling, which had been previously the headquarters of Stirlingshire County Council. Since 1996 the area has been divided into the council areas of Clackmannanshire, Falkirk and Stirling, which had previously been districts within Central region.
Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld
Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld (8 March 1824 – 27 October 1893) was a German pedagogue. A practising teacher, Dörpfeld never held a position at a university but was still considered a pedagogical authority. Dörpfeld applied the Herbartian philosophy to the level of elementary school. His Herbartianism was influenced by German Romanticism and therefore had strong religious undertones. Nevertheless, Dörpfeld defended the self-governance of schools against both secular and religious authorities. After retiring, Dörpfeld devoted himself to writing, most importantly The Connection Between Thought and Memory (Denken und Gedächtnis: eine psychologische Monographie, 1886). He was father to Wilhelm Dörpfeld, the archaeologist, and Anna Carnap-Dörpfeld, the mother of Rudolf Carnap. Dörpfeld's work is said to have influenced Carnap's philosophy.

Ronsdorf
Ronsdorf is a district of the German city of Wuppertal. It has a population of about 22,500. Ronsdorf was first mentioned in 1494, and in 1745 it received its town charter. It was founded a few years earlier by Elias Eller when he relocated the Zionites there from Elberfeld. Ronsdorf was made a part of Wuppertal in 1929.

In addition to the town, Ronsdorf consists of the villages of Heidt, Erbschlö, Holthausen, Blombach, Linde, Marscheid, Großsporkert, Kleinsporkert and Kleinbeek.

As with other districts of Wuppertal, Ronsdorf was heavily damaged during the allied bombings of World War II on May 29, 1943. Only a few old buildings (like the typical black and white timber-framed "Bergisches Haus") remain.
Arttu Luttinen
Arttu Luttinen (born September 3, 1983) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for HIFK of the Liiga. He was selected by the Ottawa Senators in the 3rd round (75th overall) of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.

2002 NHL entry draft
The 2002 NHL entry draft was the 40th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 22 and 23, 2002, at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. In total, 291 players were drafted: 35 from the Ontario Hockey League (OHL); 23 from the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL); 43 from the Western Hockey League (WHL); 41 from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) hockey conferences; six from U.S. high schools and 110 from outside North America.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Duncan Keith, who played his last NHL game in the 2021–22 season.
Minnesota State Highway 249
Minnesota State Highway 249 was a highway in southeast Minnesota, which ran from its intersection with State Highways 44 and 76 in Caledonia and continued east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 26 in Crooked Creek Township, south of Reno.

The route was a state marked route from 1949 to 1992. In the present day, nearly all of the route is known as Houston County Road 249.

The highway was also known as Main Street, Winnebago Street, and Adams Street in the city of Caledonia.

Minnesota State Highway 76
Minnesota State Highway 76 (MN 76) is a highway in southeast Minnesota, which runs from Iowa Highway 76 at the Iowa state line (near Eitzen), and continues north to its northern terminus at its interchange with Interstate Highway 90 in Pleasant Hill Township near Winona.

Highway 76 is 37 miles (60 km) in length.
Ampapuram
Ampapuram is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Bapulapadu mandal of Nuzvid revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Nuzvid revenue division
Nuzvid revenue division is an administrative division in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 6 mandals under its administration. Nuzvid serves as the headquarters of the division. The division has 1 municipality.
Fahad Al-Munaif (footballer, born 1994)
Fahad Ibrahim Al-Munaif  (Arabic: فهد إبراهيم المنيف, born 10 May 1994) is a Saudi footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Orobah.

On 16 June 2022, Al-Munaif joined Al-Riyadh. On 19 September 2023, Al-Munaif joined Neom. On 15 August 2025, Al-Munaif joined Al-Orobah.

Neom SC
Neom Sports Club (stylized as NEOM S.C.; Arabic: نادي نيوم الرياضي) is a Saudi Arabian professional football and multi-sports club based in the Tabuk Province of Saudi Arabia. The club is named after the planned urban area of Neom and competes in the Saudi Pro League, the top tier of the Saudi football league system.
John Scott (composer)
Patrick John O'Hara Scott (born 1930) (also credited as John Scott, Johnny Scott and Patrick John Scott), is an English composer, conductor, and jazz musician. He began his career as a pop and jazz arranger and session musician, before becoming well-known for his film and television scores, including collaborations with directors such as Richard Donner, Mike Hodges, Hugh Hudson, Norman Jewison, Irvin Kershner, Ilaiyaraaja, and Norman J. Warren. He is also a composer of contemporary classical music.

Hugh Hudson
Hugh Hudson (25 August 1936 – 10 February 2023) was an English film director. He is known for directing the 1981 Academy Award and BAFTA Award Best Picture Chariots of Fire, after beginning his career making documentaries and television commercials. He continued to direct commercials while making films, which included the British Airways face advertisement from 1989 made in collaboration with London-based advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi.
Xyber 9: New Dawn
Saban's Xyber 9: New Dawn is an American animated television series produced by Bokabi and Saban Entertainment. It originally debuted on the Fox Kids network on September 25, 1999. Only 10 episodes aired before it was cancelled on December 4, 1999. Soon after, it was aired in its entirety on Irish television network RTÉ Two from 2 July to August 2001. Six years later, it appeared on Toon Disney as part of the channel's Jetix line up. In addition to re-airing the first 10 episodes, the remaining 12 episodes aired from February 24, 2007, through April 8, 2007, although these episodes were made in 2000.

Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide, which also includes Saban Entertainment.

Jason Marsden
Jason Christopher Marsden (born January 3, 1975) is an American actor, who has done numerous voice roles in animated films, as well as various television series and video games. He is best known for his voice roles as the voice of the Disney character Max Goof, since 1995, Kovu in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Haku in the English dub of Spirited Away, Chester McBadbat in The Fairly OddParents, Matt Olsen/Shagon in W.I.T.C.H., Chase Young in Xiaolin Showdown, Richie Foley / Gear in Static Shock, Tino Tonitini in The Weekenders, Nermal in The Garfield Show and the title character in the Tak and the Power of Juju video game trilogy (Tak and the Power of Juju, Tak 2: The Staff of Dreams and Tak: The Great Juju Challenge) from 2003 to 2005. He is also known for voicing Thackery Binx in the film Hocus Pocus (1993).
Gulakamale
Gulakamale is a village in Bangalore district, Karnataka, India, near Kaggalipura on Bangalore – Kanakapura Road. The population of the village is 2,293 which made up of 1,131 males and 1,162 females. The literacy rate is lower than that of Karnataka and stands at 71.82% as opposed to 75.36% of the rest of the state. Out of those who are literate are 81.05% male and 62.70% female populations. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 51.72% and 0.22% respectively.

Bangalore district
Bengaluru district was a district in the state of Karnataka, India. In 1986, Bangalore district was bifurcated into Bengaluru Urban district and Bengaluru Rural district.

In July 2025, the Karnataka Cabinet renamed the Bengaluru Rural district as Bengaluru North district as part of the administrative reorganization.
Pushpendra Saroj
Pushpendra Saroj (born 1 March 1999) is an Indian politician who is the current Member of Parliament from Kaushambi Lok Sabha constituency. He is a member of the Samajwadi Party. He is currently India's youngest MP, breaking the record of Chandrani Murmu.

Member of Parliament (India)
A Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: Representative of the Indian states to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha: Representative of the Indian citizens to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
European route E952
European route E952, formerly the E951 from 1983 to 1986, is a Class B European route that runs through Western and Central Greece, from Aktio (near Preveza) through Agrinio to Lamia. Introduced in 1983, it is part of the International E-road network, a network of main roads in Europe.

Western Greece
Western Greece Region (Greek: Περιφέρεια Δυτικής Ελλάδας, romanized: Periféria Dhitikís Elládhas, [periˈferia ðitiˈcis eˈlaðas]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It comprises the western part of continental Greece and the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It occupies an area of 11,336 km2 (4,377 sq mi) and its population is, according to the 2011 census, at 679,796 inhabitants. The capital of the Western Greece is Patras, the third-largest-city in the country, with a population of about 280,000 inhabitants. The NUTS 2 code for the region of Western Greece is EL63.
Mauritanian ouguiya
The ouguiya (Arabic: أوقية موريتانية (IPA: [u.ɡij.jə]); sign: UM; code: MRU), at one time spelled "ougiya", is the currency of Mauritania. Each ouguiya constitutes five khoums (meaning "one fifth").

The current ouguiya was introduced in 2018, replacing the old ouguiya at a rate of 1 new ouguiya = 10 old ouguiya, which in turn replaced the CFA franc at a rate of 1 old ouguiya = 5 francs.
The name ouguiya (أوقية) is the Hassaniya Arabic pronunciation of uqiyyah أُوقِية), meaning "(Roman) ounce".

Currency symbol
A currency symbol or currency sign is a graphic symbol used to denote a currency unit. Usually it is defined by a monetary authority, such as the national central bank for the currency concerned.

A symbol may be positioned in various ways, according to national convention: before, after or between the numeric amounts: $2.50, 2,50€ and 250.

Symbols are neither defined nor listed by international standard ISO 4217, which only assigns three-letter codes.

The generic currency sign, used as a placeholder, is ¤.
Comeback Kid (Sleigh Bells song)
"Comeback Kid" is a song written and performed by noise pop duo Sleigh Bells, issued as the official lead single for their second album Reign of Terror (following the promotional single "Born to Lose"). The song was released January 17, 2012. On February 18, the band performed the song on Saturday Night Live.

Noise pop
Noise pop is a subgenre of alternative and indie rock that emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Kingdom, originally pioneered by the Jesus and Mary Chain on their debut album Psychocandy. Elements of the style were also present in some bands associated with the British C86 movement. Noise pop later influenced the development of shoegaze.
Shulbinsk Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Shulbinsk Hydro Power Plant (Шульбинская ГЭС) is a hydro power plant on the middle reach of the Irtysh River, 70 km up the stream from Semipalatinsk in East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It has 6 individual turbines, which will deliver up to 702 MW of power and generates 1.66 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year. Formerly owned and operated by AES Corporation, currently owned by Samruk-Energy.

Samruk-Kazyna
The Samruk-Kazyna (Kazakh: Самұрық-Қазына, romanized: Samūryq-Qazyna, pronounced [sɑmʊ̆rʊ́q qɑzɤ̆nɑ́]), officially known as the Sovereign Wealth Fund "Samruk-Kazyna" Joint Stock Company (Kazakh: «Самұрық-Қазына» Ұлттық әл-ауқат қоры, romanized: «Samūryq–Qazyna» Ūlttyk äl-auqat qory), is a sovereign wealth fund and joint stock company in Kazakhstan. It owns, either wholly or partially, major national companies, including rail, postal services, oil and gas, uranium, and the flag carrier Air Astana. The Government of Kazakhstan is its sole shareholder.
Ted Larsen
Theodore Larsen (born June 13, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the New England Patriots in the sixth round of the 2010 NFL draft. He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack.

NC State Wolfpack football
The NC State Wolfpack football team represents North Carolina State University in the sport of American football. The Wolfpack competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Prior to joining the ACC in 1953, the Wolfpack were a member of the Southern Conference. As a founding member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won seven conference championships and participated in 34 bowl games, of which the team has won 17. NC State is coached by Dave Doeren.

Since 1966, the Wolfpack has played its home games at Carter–Finley Stadium, the largest college football stadium in North Carolina. On September 16, 2010, NC State restored the tradition of having a live mascot on the field.  A wolf-like Tamaskan Dog named
"Tuffy" was on the sidelines for the Cincinnati game that day in Raleigh and Tuffy has not missed a Wolfpack football game in Carter–Finley Stadium since.
Actor analysis
Actor analysis can be seen as an approach to environmental management. Environmental issues are often very complex, because many parties are involved. All parties have their own interests, goals and strategies. Actor analysis provides a structured inventory of the parties and their interests to get an overview.

Instead of parties, we speak of actors which comprise both individuals and groups like organizations, administrative authorities or consumer organisations. All these actors can change an existing situation by their priorities or value systems.

There have been many changes of environmental behaviour that can be described via actor analysis. For example, all cars are now equipped with catalytic converters. Environmental organisations, governments, companies, legislators, and customers have all been actors in this process.

Environmental resource management
Environmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not, as the phrase might suggest, the management of the environment itself. Environmental resources management aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations, and also maintain ecosystem integrity through considering ethical, economic, and scientific (ecological) variables. Environmental resource management tries to identify factors between meeting needs and protecting resources. It is thus linked to environmental protection, resource management,  sustainability, integrated landscape management, natural resource management, fisheries management, forest management, wildlife management, environmental management systems, and others.
R2000
R2000 or R-2000 might refer to:

R2000 (microprocessor), a microprocessor developed by MIPS Computer Systems

Pratt & Whitney R-2000, an aircraft engine

R-2000 program, a Natural Resources Canada program for the construction of energy efficient homes

Robin R2000, a French aircraft

R-2000 program
R-2000 is a Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) program that was developed in partnership with the Canadian Home Builders' Association in 1981, and formalized as a standard in 1982.  Notably, the R-2000 standard is a voluntary standard to exceed building code requirements for energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and environmental responsibility.

The R-2000 program is managed by NRCan's Office of Energy Efficiency and comprises:

R-2000 standard - technical specifications

quality assurance

certification

training and licensing of builders and service providers

consumer information

In May 2008, the CHBA published an internal discussion paper proposing changes to the R-2000 standard so it would remain at the forefront as the reference model that influences other programs or initiatives.
Azot (Sievierodonetsk)
Sievierodonetsk Association "Azot" is a chemical producer based in Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It is the third largest producer of ammonia in the country and one of the largest in Europe; producing nitrogen fertilizers, methanol, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, and their derivatives; acetylene, formalin, catalysts, household chemicals, and other chemical products. The successor of the Lysychansk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant built in 1934, "Azot" produced its first output of ammonium nitrate on 1 January 1951. Sometime after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the chemical plant was acquired by Ostchem Holding, part of Group DF run by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, "Azot" became the last Ukrainian-held position in the Battle of Sievierodonetsk, having sheltered soldiers and civilians. It was heavily damaged during the battle, as the transport workshop of the plant was shelled, igniting fuel and lubricants.

Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and other important industrial polymers.