hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federal tribunals in the United States
Federal tribunals in the United States are tribunals established by the federal government of the United States for the purpose of resolving disputes involving or arising under federal laws, including questions about the constitutionality of such laws.  Such tribunals include both Article III tribunals (federal courts) as well as adjudicative entities which are classified as Article I or Article IV tribunals. Some of the latter entities are also formally denominated as courts, but they do not enjoy certain protections afforded to Article III courts. These tribunals are described in reference to the article of the United States Constitution from which the tribunal's authority stems. The use of the term "tribunal" in this context as a blanket term to encompass both courts and other adjudicative entities comes from section 8 of Article I of the Constitution, which expressly grants Congress the power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The reporter of decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States is the official charged with editing and publishing the opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, both when announced and when they are published in permanent bound volumes of the United States Reports. The reporter is responsible for only the contents of the United States Reports issued by the Government Publishing Office, first in preliminary prints and later in the final bound volumes. The reporter is not responsible for the editorial content of unofficial reports of the court's decisions, such as the privately published Supreme Court Reporter and Lawyers' Edition.

By federal statute, the reporter is appointed by the Supreme Court. The current reporter is Rebecca Anne Womeldorf.
2008 Women's Junior South American Volleyball Championship
The 2008 Women's Junior South American Volleyball Championship was the 19th edition of the tournament, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was held in Chosica and Callao, Lima, Peru.

Lurigancho-Chosica
Lurigancho is a district of Lima, Peru. It is located in the valley of the Rímac River, which it shares with neighboring Chaclacayo and Ate districts. Its capital is the town of Chosica, located 861 m (2,825 ft) above sea level.
Clarence (surname)
Clarence is the surname of:

Juma Clarence (born 1989), Trinidadian footballer

Lovell Burchett Clarence (1838–1917), British barrister and Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon

O. B. Clarence (1870–1955), English film and stage actor

William Henry Clarence (1856–1879), king or hereditary chief of the Miskito people

O. B. Clarence
Oliver Burchett Clarence (25 March 1870, Hampstead, London – 2 October 1955, Hove, Sussex) was an English actor.

Following his education at Dover College and University College Hospital, he made his stage debut in 1890. His experience included Shakespearean and other repertory with Frank Benson and Ben Greet. He performed in more than eighty productions in London, originating roles in plays by W. S. Gilbert, Bernard Shaw and others. He toured the provinces, appeared several times on Broadway, and made many films between 1914 and 1948.
Come Back Home (Sofia Carson song)
"Come Back Home" is a song by American actress and singer Sofia Carson. It was released through Hollywood Records on July 12, 2022, as the lead single from the soundtrack to the 2022 Netflix film Purple Hearts. It was written by Carson, Daniel Crean, Eren Cannata, Skyler Stonestreet and Justin Tranter.

Skyler Stonestreet
Skyler Stonestreet is an American musician and singer-songwriter based in Los Angeles, California.  She is a writer on hit tracks such as Ariana Grande and Justin Bieber's "Stuck with U", The Chainsmokers' "Kanye", Dua Lipa's "IDGAF", Tate McRae and Jeremy Zucker's "That Way", Hailee Steinfeld's "Wrong Direction", Marshmello's "Chasing Colors", Lennon Stella's "Older Than I Am", Dove Cameron's "Boyfriend" and many more.  As a writer and a featured vocalist Skyler can be heard on tracks from acts such as Seven Lions' "Freesol" and Cheat Codes and Nicky Romero's "Sober".
Konstantin Stupin
Konstantin Stupin (Russian: Константин Валентинович Ступин; (9 June 1972 - 16 March 2017)) was a Soviet and Russian rock musician, singer, songwriter, actor, and frontman of the band Night Cane (Ночная Трость).

Soviet people
The Soviet people (Russian: сове́тский наро́д, romanized: sovetsky narod) were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (новая историческая общность людей различных национальностей).
Fujairah International Marine Club
The Fujairah International Marine Club (FIMC, now rebranded as the Marine Sports Club) is a club dedicated to recreational boating in Fujairah City, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

FIMC was founded in 1999, with the patronage of Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi, the Ruler of Fujairah. Facilities include fishing trips, jet skiing and speed boats. FIMC organizes deep sea fishing trips. There is a small beach and also a diving club. The club has marina berthing facilities for 120 boats, with a workshop for repairs. The club also organizes championships (e.g., the annual Formula 2000 powerboat championships and jet ski competitions) and other events (e.g., dhow sailing races). There are restaurants and a bar at the club.

The club is located on the Fujairah Corniche, off Al Corniche Road. To the north at the Hilton Fujairah hotel and beyond that Fujairah Beach.

Dhow
Dhow (/daʊ/; Arabic: داو, romanized: dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. Typically sporting long thin hulls, dhows are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items, such as fruit, fresh water, or other heavy merchandise, along the coasts of Eastern Arabia, Iran, East Africa, Yemen and coastal South Asia. Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty and smaller ones typically around twelve.
Githa Sowerby
Katherine Githa Sowerby (6 October 1876 – 30 June 1970), also known under her pen name K. G. Sowerby, was an English playwright, children's writer, and member of the Fabian Society. A feminist, she was well-known during the early twentieth century for her 1912 hit play Rutherford & Son, but lapsed into obscurity in later decades.

Rutherford & Son was first revived in 1980, and since then there have been several productions, including one at the Royal National Theatre in 1994 and, most recently, by Sheffield Theatres. A biography of Sowerby by Pat Riley, Looking for Githa, appeared in 2009, with a revised edition in 2019. In addition to several plays, Sowerby wrote books of poetry and short stories for children, illustrated by her sister Millicent Sowerby. Her papers and memorabilia are in the collections at the Tyne and Wear Archives.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Kankyō Ongaku
Kankyō Ongaku: Japanese Ambient, Environmental & New Age Music 1980-1990 (Japanese: 環境音楽, transl. Environmental Music) is a 2019 compilation of ambient music produced in Japan between 1980 and 1990, compiled by Spencer Doran. It was released on February 15, 2019 through Light in the Attic Records. Upon release, Kankyō Ongaku received universal acclaim. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards and Best Re-Issue at the 2020 Libera Awards.

2020 Libera Awards
The 2020 Libera Awards was held on July 18, 2020 to recognize the best in independent music presented by the American Association of Independent Music. The nominations were announced on April 2, 2020 and the ceremony was streamed online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A number of new genre-specific awards were introduced, namely: Best Alternative Rock Album and Best Mainstream Rock Album, succeeding Best Rock Album; Best Folk/Bluegrass Album; and Best Punk/Emo Record.

2020 marked the first year that the award ceremony could be viewed by the public and featured an increased number of musical performances. Performers included Wyclef Jean, Shabazz Palaces, Salt Cathedral, Orville Peck, Y La Bamba, Sudan Archives, Julia Jacklin, Alejandro Escovedo, Suzanne Ciani, Big Thief, and IDLES. The show's livestream was hosted by comedian Chris Gethard with event proceeds going toward the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund.
Caetano Veloso (1968 album)
Caetano Veloso is the debut solo album by the artist of the same name, released in Brazil in 1968. He had released Domingo the year before in collaboration with Gal Costa. It was one of the first Tropicália efforts, and features arrangements by Júlio Medaglia, Damiano Cozzella, and Sandino Hohagen, as well as an eclectic assortment of influences, demonstrating the "antropofagia" (artistic cannibalism) of the Tropicália movement. Sounds from psychedelia, rock, pop, Indian music, bossa nova, Bahian music and other genres appear on the album. It includes the hit songs "Alegria, Alegria", "Tropicália", and "Soy loco por ti, América".

Music of India
Owing to India's vastness and diversity, Indian music encompasses numerous genres in multiple varieties and forms which include classical music, folk, rock, and pop. It has a history spanning several millennia and developed over several geo-locations spanning the sub-continent. Music in India began as an integral part of socio-religious life.
Dhoorathu Pachai
Dhoorathu Pachai (transl. Green in the distance) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Manobala, starring Karthik, Suhasini and Tulasi. It was released on 24 July 1987, after two years of delay.

Tulasi (actress)
P. A. Tulasi (born 20 June 1967) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu, Kannada, and Tamil cinema. Later she appeared in lead actress and supporting actress roles. She has acted in over 300 films in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, and Bhojpuri languages. She won two Nandi Awards and one Filmfare Award.
Pella (town)
Pella (Greek: Πέλλα) is a town in the Pella municipality in the Pella regional unit of Macedonia, Greece. Pella is built on a hill at a distance of one kilometre from the road Thessaloniki - Edessa and the archeological site of ancient Pella, and 7 km from Giannitsa. The community of Pella has an area of 30.09 km2, and a population of 2,050 inhabitants (2021). The municipal unit covers 113.819 km2.

Pella (regional unit)
Pella (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Πέλλας) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the Region of Central Macedonia. It is named after the ancient city of Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia and the birthplace of Alexander the Great. The capital of Pella is Edessa with a population of 19,036 inhabitants according to the census of 2021, while the largest town is Giannitsa. Other towns  include Aridaia, Skydra, Arnissa, Exaplatanos and Krya Vrysi.
Zajiangmian
Zajiang mian (simplified Chinese: 杂酱面; traditional Chinese: 雜酱麵, 'noodles with zajiang') is a noodle dish from the Sichuan region of China. The zajiang (Chinese: 杂酱, 'mixed sauce'), also known as shaozi (Chinese: 䬰子), is a meat sauce mostly made from lean ground meat (often pork, sometimes beef) and lard. Tallow may also be used as an alternative to lard, albeit less commonly. The ingredients used for making zajiang could differ, but usually include chili oil, and occasionally, doubanjiang.

Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.

In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.

In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. This name comes from the chemical suffix "-ate" which signifies a negatively charged ion. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda).  It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.

Dripping is the British term for beef fat that has been rendered; it can be used to make Cornish Pasties.
Theodor Capidan
Theodor Capidan (April 28 [O.S. April 15] 1879 – September 1, 1953) was an Ottoman-born Romanian linguist. An ethnic Aromanian from the Macedonia region, he studied at Leipzig before teaching school at Thessaloniki. Following the creation of Greater Romania at the end of World War I, Capidan followed his friend Sextil Pușcariu to the Transylvanian capital Cluj, where he spent nearly two decades, the most productive part of his career. He then taught in Bucharest for a further ten years and was marginalized late in life under the nascent communist regime. Capidan's major contributions involve studies of the Aromanians and the Megleno-Romanians, as well as their respective languages. His research extended to reciprocal influences between Romanian and the surrounding Slavic languages, the Eastern Romance substratum and the Balkan sprachbund, as well as toponymy. He made a significant contribution to projects for a Romanian-language dictionary and atlas.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Burnsland Cemetery
Burnsland Cemetery is a 13 ha (32 acres) urban cemetery in Calgary, Alberta, Canada containing about 22,000 graves. It is located in the city's southeast in the predominantly industrial district of Manchester, and is the burial place for many of Calgary's First World War veterans.

The cemetery is named after Patrick Burns, one of the Big Four founders of the Calgary Stampede. Burns was a local rancher and meat packer who donated the land to the city in 1922. Along with St. Mary's Cemetery, Union Cemetery, Chevra Kadisha (Jewish) Cemetery, and the Chinese Cemetery, Burnsland Cemetery is recognized by Heritage Calgary as a culturally significant historical landscape, and every summer the city offers guided walking tours through the cemetery district.

Chevra kadisha
The term chevra kadisha (Hebrew: חֶבְרָה קַדִּישָׁא, romanized: ḥeb̲rā qaddišā) gained its modern sense of "burial society" in the nineteenth century. It is an organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of deceased Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition and are protected from desecration, willful or not, until burial. Two of the main requirements are the showing of proper respect for a corpse, and the ritual cleansing of the body and subsequent dressing for burial. It is usually referred to as a burial society in English.
1915 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1915 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1915. Josh Cody and Baby Taylor were selected third-team All-Americans by Walter Camp, and Bully Van de Graaff was selected for his second-team. Van de Graaff was Alabama's first ever All-American.  Buck Mayer of the 8–1 Virginia Cavaliers was the south's first consensus All-American, selected first-team All-American by Frank G. Menke and Parke H. Davis.  The "point-a-minute" Vanderbilt Commodores won the SIAA.

College Football All-Southern Team
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States.  The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions. It is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, George C. Marshall, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, and Dick Jemison.
Rafael Ramos Becerril
Rafael Plácido Ramos Becerril (born 5 October 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with Convergencia. 
In the 2006 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the State of Mexico's 12th district during the 
60th session of Congress.

12th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico
The 12th federal electoral district of the State of Mexico (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 del Estado de México) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 40 such districts in the State of Mexico.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fifth region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Armando Corona Arvizu of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Rick Olson (Michigan politician)
Richard Thomas Olson (born November 18, 1949) is an American politician. He served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013.

Raised in the Upper Peninsula area of Michigan, Olson is an alumnus of Michigan State University and Stanford Law School and is a lawyer by profession. He previously worked for the Washington State Legislature and Governor of Washington's office. Olson was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives as a Republican in 2010 and served until 2013. In 2014, he was severely injured after being struck by a vehicle while cycling near Saline Township, Michigan, where he resided.

He retired to Prior Lake, Minnesota with his wife in 2015. In 2019, he announced his intent to challenge Angie Craig for Minnesota's 2nd congressional district in 2020. Olson is married to Linda and has two children.

Saline Township, Michigan
Saline Township is a civil township of Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,277 at the 2020 census. The city of Saline borders the township on the northeast, and the two are administered autonomously.
Port-Daniel station
The Port-Daniel station is an inactive railway station built in 1908 by Quebec Atlantic Oriental Railway. The railway line and service was acquired by CN Rail. CN retained the tracks until 1998, but Via Rail took over passenger service from 1977 to 2013.

The station is located on Route 132 in Port-Daniel–Gascons, Quebec, Canada. It was formerly staffed by VIA Rail but it is currently closed; Via lists the station as a "sign post". As of 2013, the Gaspé train is not running; the closest passenger rail service is provided at the Matapédia station. However, service to Gaspé is scheduled to resume in 2027.

The station was given protected status in 1995.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
Roman Postl
Roman Postl (1969 in Proboštov – September 8, 2008 in Chomutov) was a Czech spree killer and drug addict who killed five people. The first murder was committed in 1998, for which he was sentenced for murder and stayed in prison for 13 years. In April 2008 he was prematurely released for good behaviour. At a gas station in Předlice in Ústí nad Labem, he murdered Jiří Šťovíček. He shot him in the head and stole 15,000 crowns and a notebook.

Postl died in a Chomutov hospital where he was taken with gunfire wounds suffered from a firefight with the police after the murder of Van Tinh. During the shootout, intervening police officer Roman Jedlička was also injured, also dying in a hospital from his wounds. Roman Postl was 39 years old at the time of his death.

Spree killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are differing opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics has spoken of "almost no time break between murders", but some academics consider that a killing spree may last weeks or months, e.g. the case of Andrew Cunanan, who murdered five people over three months, including fashion designer Gianni Versace.
Centralia Canal
The Centralia Canal, also known as Centralia Power Canal, is a canal in Thurston and Pierce counties, Washington, United States. The canal parallels the Nisqually River for 9 miles (14 km) in and around the city of Yelm. It was built in 1929 to supply water for the 12-megawatt Yelm hydroelectric project belonging to the city of Centralia's City Light Department.

Part of the canal runs through the Nisqually River Conservation Area, purchased in 2020 by the Nisqually Land Trust.

Nisqually River
The Nisqually River /nɪˈskwɑːli/ is a river in west central Washington in the United States, approximately 81 miles (130 km) long. It drains part of the Cascade Range southeast of Tacoma, including the southern slope of Mount Rainier, and empties into the southern end of Puget Sound. Its outlet was designated in 1971 as the Nisqually Delta National Natural Landmark.

The Nisqually River forms the Pierce–Lewis county line, as well as the boundary between Pierce and Thurston counties.