hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Straw purchase
A straw purchase or nominee purchase is any purchase wherein an agent agrees to acquire a good or service for someone who is often unable or unwilling to purchase the good or service themselves, and the agent transfers the goods or services to that person after purchasing them. In general, straw purchases are legal except if the ultimate receiver of goods or services uses those goods or services in the commission of a crime with the prior knowledge of the straw purchaser, or the ultimate possessor is not legally able to purchase the goods or services.

In some jurisdictions, straw purchases are legal even if the end user is not legally able to purchase the good or service themselves.

Purchasing
Purchasing is the process a business or organization uses to acquire goods or services to accomplish its goals. Although there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between organizations.

Purchasing is part of the wider procurement process, which typically also includes expediting, supplier quality, transportation, and logistics.

Purchasing managers/directors, procurement managers/directors, or staff based in an organization's purchasing office, guide the organization's acquisition procedures and standards and operational purchasing activities.
Idaho's 35th legislative district
Idaho's 35th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Senator Jeff Siddoway, Republican  of Terreton, Representative Van Burtenshaw, Republican of Terreton, and Rod Furniss, Republican of St. Anthony.

St. Anthony, Idaho
St. Anthony or Saint Anthony is a city in and the county seat of Fremont County, Idaho, United States. The population was 3,606 at the 2020 census, up from 3,542 in 2010. It is part of the Rexburg, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Seghers
Seghers is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Anna Seghers (1900–1983), German writer

Anne-Marie Seghers (1911–2012), French tennis player

Armand Seghers (1926–2005), Belgian footballer

Carroll Seghers II (1924–2004), American photographer

Charles John Seghers (1839–1886), Belgian clergyman and missionary

Daniel Seghers (1590–1661), Flemish Jesuit and painter

Emilius Seghers (1855–1927), Belgian bishop

Gerard Seghers (1591–1651), Flemish painter

Hercules Seghers (c. 1589 – c. 1638), Dutch painter and printmaker

Jean Seghers, Belgian racewalker

Pierre Seghers (1906–1987), French poet and editor

Samuel Seghers (born 1994), Papua New Guinean swimmer

Anne-Marie Seghers
Anne-Marie Lucienne Seghers (15 September 1911  – 17 January 2012) was a French tennis player . She reached the singles final at the 1941 French Championships in which she was defeated by Alice Weiwers in straight sets. As the final was played during wartime in occupied France it is not recognized as an official French Championship and is known by the name Tournoi de France. She reached the quarterfinals in 1949 and 1954. Seghers competed in the Wimbledon Championships in 1949 and 1950. In the singles event in 1950 she reached the third round in which she lost to Gussie Moran.

In April 1955 she was runner-up to Ginette Bucaille in the singles event at the International Championships of Paris.

Seghers was ranked joint No.1 in France in 1950.
Scott Underwood
Scott Underwood (born c. 1966) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Southwest Minnesota State University, a position he has held since 2022. He previously was the head football coach for St. Cloud State University from 2008 until the football program was dropped in 2019. He previously coached for Augustana (IL), Sioux Falls, and North Dakota. He played football for Augustana as a defensive back.

Sioux Falls Cougars football
The Sioux Falls Cougars football team represents the University of Sioux Falls, located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, in NCAA Division II college football.

The Cougars, who began playing football in 1902, currently compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference.

Sioux Falls won the NAIA Division II football national championship in 1996 and the NAIA football national championship in 2006, 2008 and 2009. All four of USF's national championships have been undefeated seasons.
John de Karlell
John de Karlell (died 1393) was an English-born cleric, civil servant and judge in fourteenth-century Ireland. He served as second Baron of the Court of Exchequer, and as Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer. He became Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, after a struggle for the office with his colleague Walter de Brugge.

St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
Saint Patrick's Cathedral (Irish: Ard-Eaglais Naomh Pádraig) in Dublin, Ireland is the national cathedral of the Church of Ireland. Christ Church Cathedral, also a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, is designated as the local cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
Informal value transfer system
An informal value transfer system (IVTS) is any system, mechanism, or network of people that receives money for the purpose of making the funds or an equivalent value payable to a third party in another geographic location, whether or not in the same form. Informal value transfers generally take place outside of the conventional banking system through non-bank financial institutions or other business entities whose primary business activity may not be the transmission of money. The IVTS transactions occasionally interconnect with formal banking systems, such as through the use of bank accounts held by the IVTS operator.

Non-bank financial institution
A non-banking financial institution (NBFI) or non-bank financial company (NBFC)  is a financial institution that is not legally a bank; it does not have a full banking license or is not supervised by a national or international banking regulatory agency. NBFC facilitate bank-related financial services, such as investment, risk pooling, contractual savings, and market brokering. Examples of these include hedge funds, insurance firms, pawn shops, cashier's check issuers, check cashing locations, payday lending, currency exchanges, and microloan organizations.

In 1999, Alan Greenspan identified the role of NBFIs in strengthening an economy, as they provide "multiple alternatives to transform an economy's savings into capital investment which act as backup facilities should the primary form of intermediation fail." Operations of non-bank financial institutions are not typically covered under a country's banking regulations.
Yellow cab (stereotype)
Yellow cab (イエローキャブ, Ierō Kyabu) is a disparaging term for Japanese women who travel overseas or to foreign enclaves in Japan seeking to meet foreign men.

The term combines the use of "yellow", a color/racial classification category for people of East Asian origin, and the image of a yellow cab which can be "ridden at any time".

The term was spread to Japan by Shōko Ieda's 1991 book Yellow Cab, and was quickly appropriated by the Japanese media as a way of sensationalizing and censuring the women's behaviour. Later, Yellow Cab was exposed as a fraud, and   Japanese media   reports were criticized.

Mass media in Japan
The mass media in Japan include numerous television and radio networks as well as newspapers and magazines in Japan. For the most part, television networks were established based on capital investments by existing radio networks. Variety shows, serial dramas, and news constitute a large percentage of Japanese evening shows.

Western movies are also shown, many with a subchannel for English. There are all-English television channels on cable and satellite (with Japanese subtitles).
Pyrausta volupialis
Pyrausta volupialis, the volupial pyrausta moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1877. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Oklahoma, Utah, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California to Chiapas, Mexico.

The length of the forewings is 8-10.5 mm. Adults have been recorded year round.

The larvae feed on Lamiaceae species, including Rosmarinus officinalis.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
Graham Correctional Center
Graham Correctional Center is a Level 4 medium-security adult male state prison in Hillsboro, Illinois. The prison opened in 1980 with a capacity of 750 inmates. The current capacity of the prison is 974, though the average daily population is 1,906. The prison's warden is Steve Campbell. Graham Correctional Center consists of 50 buildings located on 117 acres (0.47 km2; 0.183 sq mi). It houses a residential sex offender program and substance abuse treatment as well as vocational and academic classes for prisoners.  The facility also houses an Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) Reception and Classification Center.

The prison is mentioned in the 2017 John Scalzi science fiction novel The Dispatcher.

John Scalzi
John Michael Scalzi II (born May 10, 1969) is an American science fiction author and former president of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. He is best known for his Old Man's War series, three novels of which have been nominated for the Hugo Award, and for his blog Whatever, where he has written on a number of topics since 1998. He won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 2008 based predominantly on that blog, which he has also used for several charity drives. He has written non-fiction books and columns on diverse topics such as finance, video games, films, astronomy, writing and politics, and served as a creative consultant for the TV series Stargate Universe.

His novel Redshirts won the Hugo Award for Best Novel; his novels The Collapsing Empire and The Kaiju Preservation Society have both won the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
Charles Ruxton
Charles Ruxton (1726–1806) was an Irish MP and landowner in Ardee, County Louth.

A younger son of William Ruxton, he and his elder brother John Ruxton represented Ardee in the Irish House of Commons.

He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Robert Parkinson, who had also been an MP for Ardee. They inherited his estate of the Red House, Ardee, which on Ruxton's death passed to their son William Parkinson Ruxton.

County Louth
County Louth (/laʊð/ LOWDH; Irish: Contae Lú) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough. It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous, with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022. The county is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county.
Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18
The Bangladesh cricket team toured South Africa in September and October 2017 to play two Tests, three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. It was Bangladesh's first tour of South Africa in nine years. Ahead of the series, Faf du Plessis was appointed captain of South Africa's ODI side, replacing AB de Villiers, therefore captaining South Africa in all three formats. However, du Plessis suffered an injury during the third ODI ruling him out of the T20I series, with JP Duminy replacing him as captain.

South Africa won the Test series 2–0, the ODI series 3–0 and the T20I series 2–0.

Hashim Amla
Hashim Mahomed Amla OIS (born 31 March 1983) is a South African former international cricketer who captained the national team in Test matches and One Day Internationals (ODIs). He is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen to have played for South Africa, and one of the greatest top-order batsmen of his era.

He is a right-handed batsman and holds the record for the second highest individual Test score of any South African batsman, scoring 311 not out against England at The Oval in July 2012.

He scored ODI centuries against all Test playing countries, only the fourth person to do so. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2013. Along with Quinton de Kock, Faf du Plessis, and AB de Villiers, he formed the core batting line-up of the South African team.

In August 2019, Amla announced his retirement from international cricket. On 18 January 2023, Amla announced his retirement from all cricket.
Dinding Bypass
Dinding Bypass, Federal Route 60, is a highway bypass in Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia. The bypass connecting Damar Laut in the north until Sitiawan in the south. The bypass was opened on 30 April 2001. It also featured the second longest river bridge in Malaysia, the Raja Pemaisuri Bainun Bridge crossing Dinding River.

Sitiawan
Sitiawan (alternate spelling: Setiawan;  origin: from Malay, a portmanteau of Setia Kawan, meaning "Loyal Friend") is a mukim and town in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia.

The region spans an area of 331.5 square kilometers (128.0 sq mi). In the year 2000, the population was 95,920 and by 2015, has grown to more than 150,000. Sitiawan (mukim), is located at 4°13′N 100°42′E﻿ / ﻿4.217°N 100.700°E﻿ / 4.217; 100.700.
Yazid Sufaat
Yazid Sufaat (born 20 January 1964), also known as Yazud bin Sufaat or Yazid Shufaat, is a Malaysian member of the extremist Islamist terrorist organisation Jemaah Islamiyah from shortly after its foundation in 1993 until his arrest by Malaysian authorities in December 2001. His speciality had been to develop anthrax as a weapon of bio-terrorism on behalf of the terror group al-Qaeda. Released in 2008, he was again detained on terrorist charges in Malaysia in 2013.

Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents include bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or their toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in biological warfare. Further, modern agribusiness is vulnerable to anti-agricultural attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as consumer confidence. The latter destructive activity is called agrobioterrorism and is a subtype of agro-terrorism.
Joanna Kocielnik
Joanna Henryka Kocielnik (born 11 March 1983 in Warsaw) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Poland.

Kocielnik represented Poland at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 4 x 100 metres relay together with Daria Korczyńska, Dorota Jędrusińska and Marta Jeschke. In their first round heat (without Kocielnik) they placed fifth behind Belgium, Great Britain, Brazil and Nigeria. Their time of 43.47 seconds was the second best non-directly qualifying time and the seventh time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result they qualified for the final in which they replaced Jeschke with Kocielnik. In the final they were eventually disqualified.

Poland at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Poland competed at the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics. The country's delegation included 268 athletes.

Natalia Partyka, in table tennis, is one of only two athletes competing at both the Beijing Olympics and the Beijing Paralympics – the other being South Africa's Natalie du Toit in swimming.
Mass action principle (neuroscience)
In neuroscience, the mass action principle suggests that the proportion of the brain that is injured is directly proportional to the decreased ability of memory functions.
In other words, memory cannot be localized to a single cortical area, but is instead distributed throughout the cortex. This theory is contrasted by functional specialization. This is one of two principles that Karl Lashley published in 1950, alongside the equipotentiality principle.

Functional specialization (brain)
In neuroscience, functional specialization is a theory which suggests that different areas in the brain are specialized for different functions. It is opposed to the anti-localizationist theories and brain holism and equipotentialism.
CU-CPT4a
CU-CPT4a is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), with an IC50 of 3.44 μM. It is used for research into the function of TRL3 and its role in inflammation, autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.

Autoimmunity means presence of antibodies or T cells that react with self-protein and is present in all individuals, even in normal health state. It causes autoimmune diseases if self-reactivity can lead to tissue damage.
Christian Pauli
Christian Pauli (born 30 January 1992) is an Austrian-German footballer who plays as a striker for Austrian third-tier side FC Kitzbühel.

He made his debut for VfL Osnabrück in April 2011, as a substitute for a Benjamin Siegert in a 4–0 defeat to Hertha BSC in the 2. Bundesliga. He played in the last five matches of the 2010–11 season, and in the second leg of a playoff against Dynamo Dresden, which Osnabrück lost, relegating them to the 3. Liga. The following season, he made eighteen appearances, scoring one goal. In January 2013, he signed for SV Wilhelmshaven on a six-month loan.

Hertha BSC
Hertha, Berliner Sport-Club e. V., commonly known as Hertha BSC (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁtaː beː ʔɛs t͡seː]) or Hertha Berlin, is a German professional football club based in Berlin. Hertha BSC plays in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German football, following relegation from the Bundesliga in 2022–23. Hertha BSC was founded in 1892, and was a founding member of the German Football Association in Leipzig in 1900.

The team won the German championship in 1930 and 1931. Since 1963, Hertha's stadium has been the Olympiastadion. The club is known as Die Alte Dame in German, which translates to "The Old Lady". In 2002, the sports activities of the professional, amateur, and under-19 teams were separated into Hertha BSC GmbH & Co. KGaA.
1992 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1992 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the twenty-third FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place in Lonigo, Italy. The championship was won by United States who beat England in Run-Off (both 23 points) and Sweden (22 points).

United States national speedway team
The United States national speedway team are an international motorcycle speedway team governed by the American Motorcyclist Association. They compete in the major international speedway competitions, including the Speedway World Cup and Speedway of Nations and the former events the Speedway World Team Cup and the Speedway World Pairs Championship.
Kim Bok-soon
Kim Bok-soon (Korean: 김복순; Hanja: 金福順; born 6 January 1950) is a North Korean speed skater. She represented her nation between 1968 and 1979 at international competitions.

Kim Bok-soon participated at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women in 1968, finishing 29th overall. In April 1970 she started in two events at the 1970 Winter Universiade, with her best result in the 1500m finishing 5th. She competed in two events at the 1972 Winter Olympics. After no international competitions in the years after the Olympics, she competed at a friendly international competition in Zakopane, Poland in February 1979.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
Hans Krausner
Hans Krausner is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s. He won a gold medal in the men's doubles event at the inaugural FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955.

Krausner also won five medals at the European luge championships with two golds (Men's doubles: 1951, 1953), two silvers (Men's singles: 1956, Men's doubles: 1952), and one bronze (1954).

FIL European Luge Championships 1951
The FIL European Luge Championships 1951 took place in Igls, Austria under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in (in French)) under their "Section de Luge", a trend that would continue until the International Luge Federation (FIL) was formed in 1957. It marked the first time these championships would be held after the end of World War II in 1945. Host nation Austria made history by becoming the first nation to sweep the medals in all three events at these championships.
Florida crowned snake
The Florida crowned snake (Tantilla relicta) is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to peninsular Florida and extreme southern Georgia. It is a small, slender, snake that is rarely seen, and is most often associated with sandy habitats. There are three recognized subspecies.

Colubrinae
The Colubrinae are a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae. It includes numerous genera, and although taxonomic sources often disagree on the exact number, the Reptile Database lists 717 species in 92 genera as of September 2019. It is the second largest subfamily of colubrids, after Dipsadinae. Many of the most commonly known snakes are members of this subfamily, including rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes, and indigo snakes.
Robert John Wilson
Robert John Wilson (14 July 1865 – 5 November 1946) was Labour MP for Jarrow.

Born in Gateshead, Wilson was privately educated before becoming the manager of a drapers' shop.  He joined the Labour Party and was elected to Sunderland Borough Council in 1907.  He stood in Newcastle-upon-Tyne North at the 1918 general election, but was defeated.  However, he won the seat of Jarrow at the 1922 general election, standing down from the council after his win.  From 1924, he served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to William Leach.  He lost his seat to the Conservatives at the 1931 general election.

Parliamentary private secretary
A parliamentary private secretary (PPS) is a member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom who acts as an unpaid assistant to a government minister or a shadow minister. They are selected from backbench MPs as the "eyes and ears" of the minister in the House of Commons.

PPSs are junior to parliamentary under-secretaries of state, a ministerial post salaried by one or more departments.