hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1854 Town of Nelson by-election
The 1854 Town of Nelson by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of Town of Nelson during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 17 June 1854, and was the first by-election in New Zealand political history.

The Town of Nelson member of parliament William Travers and the neighbouring Waimea electorate's MP William Cautley resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament.  On nomination day (17 June) Samuel Stephens and Francis Jollie were nominated (both candidates were nominated in absentia), and after a show of hands Stephens was declared elected. The outgoing MP Travers was subsequently elected two days later in the Waimea by-election, as expected, Jollie coming second.

New Zealand electorates
An electorate or electoral district (Māori: rohe pōti) is a geographic constituency used for electing a member (MP) to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same electoral population.

Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. Thereafter, New Zealand's electoral system provides that some (in practice, the majority) of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate representatives with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The number of electorates changes periodically, in line with national population growth. Starting from the 2020 general election, there are 72 electorates including the Māori electorates.
Edmond H. Madison
Edmond Haggard Madison (December 18, 1865 – September 18, 1911) was a U.S. representative from Kansas.

Born in Plymouth, Illinois, Madison attended common schools. He taught in school. He moved to Wichita, Kansas, in 1885. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1888, before commencing legal practice in Dodge City, Kansas. He served as prosecuting attorney of Ford County, Kansas from 1889 to 1893. He was appointed judge of the thirty-first judicial district of Kansas on January 1, 1900, and served until September 17, 1906, when he resigned to become a candidate for Congress.

Madison was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1907, until his death in Dodge City on September 18, 1911. He was interred in Maple Grove Cemetery.

Common school
A common school was a public school in the United States during the 19th century. Horace Mann (1796–1859) was a strong advocate for public education and the common school. In 1837, the state of Massachusetts appointed Mann as the first secretary of the State Board of Education where he began a revival of common school education, the effects of which extended throughout America during the 19th century.
Closing the Gaps
Closing the Gaps was a policy of the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand for assisting socio-economically disadvantaged Māori and Pasifika ethnic groups in New Zealand through specially targeted social programmes. The phrase "Closing the Gaps" was a slogan of the Labour Party in the 1999 election campaign and was implemented as a policy initiative in the 2000 Budget.

1999 New Zealand general election
The 1999 New Zealand general election was held on 27 November 1999 to determine the composition of the 46th New Zealand Parliament. The governing National Party, led by Prime Minister Jenny Shipley, was defeated, being replaced by a coalition of Helen Clark's Labour Party and the smaller Alliance. This marked an end to nine years of the Fourth National Government, and the beginning of the Fifth Labour Government which would govern for nine years in turn, until its loss to the National Party in the 2008 general election. It was the first New Zealand election where both major parties had female leaders.
Inka Pukara (La Paz)
Inka Pukara (Aymara Inka Inca, pukara fortress, "Inka fortress", also spelled Inca Pucara) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,400 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Aroma Province, Patacamaya Municipality, northeast of Patacamaya.

Patacamaya
Patacamaya or Patak Amaya (Aymara) is a city in Bolivia, situated in the La Paz Department. It is the seat of the Patacamaya Municipality, the fifth municipal section of the Aroma Province. Patacamaya lies in the Altiplano, approximately 100 km southeast of La Paz. It contains the intersection between 'Carretera 1' which goes from La Paz to Oruro, as well as Cochabamba, and the 'Carretera Arica-La Paz'. The 'Tambo Quemado' highway is one of the most important international roads that travels through Bolivia.
Volkswagen ID. Polo
The Volkswagen ID. Polo is an upcoming battery electric supermini car to be produced by Volkswagen. It is the first electric Volkswagen to adopt the new naming scheme for the Volkswagen ID. series, now using existing nameplates.

B-segment
The B-segment is the second smallest of the European segments for passenger cars between the A-segment and C-segment, and commonly described as "small cars". The B-segment is the third largest segment in Europe by sales volume, accounting for 15.5% percent of total car sales in 2024 according to JATO Dynamics. B-segment cars include hatchback, saloon, estate, coupe/convertible, MPV, and crossover/SUV body styles.

The B-segment is considered as the European equivalent to the subcompact category widely known in North America, the A0-class in China, and the supermini category for B-segment hatchbacks in Great Britain.
Hollins, Virginia
Hollins is a census-designated place (CDP) in Botetourt and Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.  Hollins covers much of the area known locally as "North County". The population was 15,574 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Roanoke metropolitan area. The area is also the home of Hollins University in addition to four properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Black Horse Tavern-Bellvue Hotel and Office, Harshbarger House, the Hollins College Quadrangle, and Old Tombstone.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Roanoke County, Virginia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Roanoke County, Virginia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.
Parade in the Opernplatz in Berlin
Parade in the Opernplatz in Berlin (German: Parade auf dem Opernplatz in Berlin) is an 1830 history painting by the German artist Franz Krüger. It shows a parade on the Unter den Linden in Berlin in 1817. It portrays the Sixth Brandenburg Cuirassiers parading for Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia. Nicholas, later Tsar of Russia, was in the Prussian capital to marry Princess Charlotte. Her father Frederick William III can be seen by the Neue Wache.

For many years it hung at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, before being gifted to Germany before the First World War. Today it is part of the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie on the Museum Island in Berlin. A later companion piece Parade in Potsdam in 1817 was commissioned by Nicholas.

Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats, or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually some variety of celebration.

The term "parade" is also used in different contexts; for example, in the Canadian Armed Forces, "parade" is used both to describe the procession and in other informal connotations.

Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade, but these are usually referred to as a march instead.
Kári Steinn Karlsson
Kári Steinn Karlsson (born 19 May 1986) is an Icelandic long-distance runner. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's marathon, finishing in 42nd place.  In 2016 Karlsson won the Montreal Marathon.

Karlsson went to University of California, Berkeley and competed for the men's California Golden Bears track and field team.

Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.
Fujiwara no Takatada
Fujiwara no Takatada (藤原 隆忠; 1163 - 1245), first son of regent Matsudono Motofusa, was a Kugyō (high-ranking Japanese official) of the late Heian and Kamakura periods.

Despite being first-born, he was treated as if he were not, while his stepbrother Moroie inherited the male-line. Hence, he called himself Daikakuji Sadaijin (大覚寺左大臣), avoiding the use of the name Matsudono. In 1220, just before the Jōkyū War, he retired from politics, becoming a Buddhist monk.

In recent years scholars have suspected that he is actually the author of Rokudai Shōjiki (六代勝事記).

Jōkyū War
Jōkyū War (承久の乱, jōkyū no ran), also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow.

The decisive battle of the conflict was fought at Uji in 1221, the third year of the Jōkyū era, just outside the imperial capital of Kyōto. It was the third battle to be fought there in less than half a century.
La Petite Fadette
La Petite Fadette, also published in English under the titles Little Fadette. A Domestic Story (1849), Fadette. A Domestic Story (1851) and Little Fadette (1967), is an 1849 novel written by French novelist George Sand, born Amantine Dupin. Sand wrote the rural story together with La Mare au Diable and François le Champi in the 1840s as she returned from Paris to the countryside of Châteauroux. The novel is one of Sand's best known today.

Châteauroux
Châteauroux (/ˌʃætoʊˈruː/ SHAT-oh-ROO; French pronunciation: [ʃɑtoʁu] ⓘ; Occitan: Chasteurós) is the capital city of the French department of Indre, central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges. Its residents are called Castelroussins (pronounced [kastɛlʁusɛ̃]) in French.
Hàm Luông River
The Hàm Luông River (Vietnamese: Sông Hàm Luông) is a branch of Mekong River in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam. It flows for 70 kilometres (43 mi) through Bến Tre Province. It is the border of Châu Thành, Bến Tre, Giồng Trôm and Ba Tri, and Chợ Lách, Mỏ Cày Nam, Mỏ Cày Bắc and Thạnh Phú.

Mỏ Cày Bắc district
Mỏ Cày Bắc is a rural district (huyện) of Bến Tre province in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The district is established in March 2009.

Mỏ Cày Bắc borders Mỏ Cày Nam and Giồng Trôm districts to the east, Chợ Lách district to the west, Vĩnh Long province to the south and Châu Thành district and Bến Tre town to the north.

Mỏ Cày Bắc has a population of 113,210 in 2019 and covers an area of 154.6 km2. The district is subdivided into 13 communes (xã): Thanh Tân, Thạnh Ngãi, Tân Phú Tây, Tân Thành Bình, Thành An, Phước Mỹ Trung, Tân Thanh Tây, Tân Bình, Nhuận Phú Tân, Hòa Lộc, Khánh Thạnh Tân, Hưng Khánh Trung A and Phú Mỹ.
1928–29 Irish League
The 1928–29 Irish League was the 35th edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Northern Irish football. The league comprised 14 teams, and Belfast Celtic won the championship.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
2025 Hall of Fame Open – Men's doubles
André Göransson and Sem Verbeek were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Robert Cash and JJ Tracy won the title after defeating Hans Hach Verdugo and Cristian Rodríguez 7–6(7–3), 6–3 in the final.

Cristian Rodríguez (tennis)
Cristian Rodríguez (born 24 June 1990) is a Colombian tennis player who plays primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures Tour. He reached a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 69 on 4 March 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 362 on 9 April 2018. He has played for the Colombia Davis Cup team since 2018 with an overall record of 1–0, with the sole match coming in singles play. In 2026, he was arrested while playing a Challenger in Brazil, being accused of making racial slurs to a ball boy.

Rodriguez has won three singles titles, all coming at the ITF Futures tour level, and he has won 32 doubles titles, with 14 at the ATP Challenger Tour level and 18 at the ITF level.
Peyre en Aubrac
Peyre en Aubrac (Occitan: Peire en Aubrac) is a commune in the department of Lozère, southern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Aumont-Aubrac (the seat), La Chaze-de-Peyre, Fau-de-Peyre, Javols, Sainte-Colombe-de-Peyre and Saint-Sauveur-de-Peyre.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.
Niyoyita Roger
Niyoyita Roger is a Rwandan television producer. His father operated a movie theater in Ruhengeri, Northern Province, where Niyoyita Roger began his cinematic career as a young man.

He was instructed to see as many films as he could at the cinema before choosing the best ones to be screened. In order to expand on this expertise and interest, he chose to enter the National University of Rwanda's Art and Media Faculty in 2000. He is currently a young filmmaker who has acted in a few regional productions.

Ruhengeri
Ruhengeri, today known as Musanze is the third largest city in Rwanda and the capital of Musanze District in the Northern Province of Rwanda. The city has a population of 153,368 as of the 2022 census.
2011 Nagano earthquake
The 2011 Nagano earthquake (長野県北部地震, Nagano-ken Hokubu Jishin) was an earthquake that occurred near the border between Niigata and Nagano prefectures at 3:59 JST on March 12, 2011. The depth of the hypocenter was 8 km and magnitude of the earthquake was MJMA 6.7.

The strongest shaking was felt in Sakae, Nagano, where a maximum JMA intensity of shindo 6+ was recorded. Thus, damage due to the earthquake was concentrated in Sakae, and so the earthquake is also called the Sakae earthquake (栄村大震災, Sakae-mura Daishinsai). Three people were killed.

Japan Standard Time
Japan Standard Time (日本標準時, Nihon Hyōjunji; JST), or Japan Central Standard Time (中央標準時, Chūō Hyōjunji; JCST), is the standard time zone in Japan, 9 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+09:00). Japan does not observe daylight saving time, though its introduction has been debated on several occasions. During World War II, the time zone was often referred to as Tokyo Standard Time.

Japan Standard Time is equivalent to Korean Standard Time, Pyongyang Time (North Korea), Eastern Indonesia Standard Time, East-Timorese Standard Time, Palau Time, and Yakutsk Time (Russia).
Doyle Webb
Doyle Webb (born December 3, 1955) is an American politician who served as the Chair of the Arkansas Republican Party from 2008 to 2020. He currently serves as Chairman of the Arkansas Public Service Commission. During his tenure, Republicans gained control of all of Arkansas' constitutional offices, both chambers of the General Assembly, and both of the state's U.S. Senate seats. He previously served in the Arkansas Senate from the 14th district from 1995 to 2002.

In 2000, Webb was reprimanded for violating Arkansas Model Rules 7.5(d), 5.3(d), 8.4(a) and 1.10(a).

State constitutional officer
In the United States, each state and territory has constitutional officers who lead the state governments of the United States. These officers may be elected or appointed, depending on the position. The number and powers of state constitutional officers varies from state to state, based on the constitution and statutes of each state. State constitutional officers may reside in the executive or legislative branch, while state constitutions also establish the judicial system of the state, including state supreme courts.
Lucky Ali (cricketer)
Lucky Ali Malik (born 20 October 2003) is a Danish cricketer, who has played for the national team. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Denmark, against Finland, on 13 July 2019.

Malik is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm off spin. In August 2019, he was named in Denmark's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. Malik made his List A debut against Qatar, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 23 September 2019.

In 2018, he participated in a tournament in the Netherlands (European Cup) where the Netherlands, Essex cricket county and Sweden participated. During the tournament there was a trophy at stake (Man of the tournament European cup) and in this tournament Malik took 14 wickets and made 123 runs with the bat, where he took 7 wickets for only 3 runs. In October 2021, he was named in Denmark's T20I squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament.

Qatar national cricket team
The Qatar national cricket team is the team that represents Qatar in international cricket. The team is organised by the Qatar Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1999 and an associate member in 2017.

Qatar made its international debut in 1979, at an invitational tournament that also included Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sharjah (one of the United Arab Emirates). The team's first Asian Cricket Council (ACC) event was the 2002 ACC Trophy in Singapore. For a period during the 2000s, Qatar was one of the top-ranked non-Test teams in Asia – at the 2004 ACC Trophy, the team placed fourth. However, a few years later it was relegated to the second-division ACC events.

Qatar made its first and only World Cricket League (WCL) appearance at the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five event in South Africa. It placed third, enough to secure the team a place in the new 2019–21 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Grindlay family
The Grindlay family (Old English: [compound] Grēne/Grynde + Leāh/Leā) is an Anglo-Scottish knightly family of medieval origin.

Among the oldest landed families in Great Britain, it now has two primary branches, one in the English Midlands and the other in the former Scottish Marches, with a small presence in Ireland, North America, Australasia, and South Africa. The family established themselves as landed lords, knights, and gentry, but more recently were prominent British bankers (see Grindlays Bank), officials, industrialists, soldiers, and freemasons during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

As an armigerous family whose position arose from feudal manorial lordships and knightly service, the Grindlay family rank among the British minor nobility or noblesse d'épée.

Knight-service
Knight-service was a form of feudal land tenure under which a knight held a fief or estate of land termed a knight's fee (fee being synonymous with fief) from an overlord conditional on him as a tenant performing military service for his overlord.
KSNG
KSNG (channel 11) is a television station licensed to Garden City, Kansas, United States, affiliated with NBC and Telemundo. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, and maintains a news bureau and advertising sales office on Fulton Street in southwestern Garden City; its transmitter is located east of US 83 in rural southwestern Finney County (south of Plymell).

KSNG is part of the Kansas State Network (KSN), a regional network of five stations relaying programming from Wichita NBC affiliate KSNW (channel 3) across central and western Kansas, as well as bordering counties in Nebraska and Oklahoma; KSNG incorporates local advertising and news inserts aimed at areas of southwest Kansas within the Wichita–Hutchinson Plus television market. Master control and most internal operations are based at KSNW's studios on North Main Street in northwest Wichita (near downtown).

Hutchinson, Kansas
Hutchinson is the largest city in and the county seat of Reno County, Kansas, United States, and located along the Arkansas River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 40,006.  It has been home to salt mines since 1887, thus its nickname of "Salt City".  Each year, Hutchinson hosts the Kansas State Fair, and National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Men's Basketball Tournament. It is the home of the Hutchinson Community College, the Cosmosphere aerospace museum, and Strataca underground salt museum.
Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao
Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao (22 January 1882 - 23 February 1962) was an Indian freedom fighter and the first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh. He was born in Nandigama village, Krishna district, then in Madras Presidency, British India and now a part of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Kaleswara Rao market in Vijayawada was named in his honour.

Krishna district
Krishna district is a district in the Coastal Andhra region in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, with Machilipatnam as its administrative headquarters. It is surrounded on the East by Bay of Bengal, West by Guntur, Bapatla and North by Eluru and NTR districts and South again by Bay of Bengal.
Stepping Stones (islands)
The Stepping Stones are three prominent rocks lying 0.8 km (0.5 mi) north of Limitrophe Island, off the southwest coast of Anvers Island, Antarctica. The Stepping Stones are located at 64°47′S 64°00′W﻿ / ﻿64.783°S 64.000°W﻿ / -64.783; -64.000. The Stepping Stones form one of a series of small boat refuges for parties working between nearby Palmer Station and Biscoe Bay, and therefore form "stepping stones" for coastal trips. Named by Palmer Station personnel in 1972.

Biscoe Bay
Biscoe Bay is a bay which indents the southwest coast of Anvers Island immediately north of Biscoe Point, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. First charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Adrien de Gerlache, and named by him for John Biscoe, who may have landed there in February 1832.