hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic window approach
In robotics motion planning, the dynamic window approach is an online collision avoidance strategy for mobile robots developed by Dieter Fox, Wolfram Burgard, and Sebastian Thrun in 1997. Unlike other avoidance methods, the dynamic window approach is derived directly from the dynamics of the robot, and is especially designed to deal with the constraints imposed by limited velocities and accelerations of the robot.

It consists of two main components, first generating a valid search space, and second selecting an optimal solution in the search space.
In  Fox et al. the search space is restricted to safe circular trajectories that can be reached within a short time interval and are free from collisions. The optimization goal is to select a heading and velocity that brings the robot to the goal with the maximum clearance from any obstacle.

Wolfram Burgard
Wolfram Burgard (born 1961 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany) is a German roboticist. He is a full professor at the University of Technology Nuremberg where he heads the Laboratory for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. He is known for his substantial contributions to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem as well as diverse other contributions to robotics.
Jikuu Senshi Spielban
Dimensional Warrior Spielban (時空戦士スピルバン, Jikū Senshi Supiruban) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series, part of the Metal Hero Series franchise created by Toei Co. Ltd. and aired from April 7, 1986 to March 9, 1987. Spielban's footage was used for Saban’s live-action series, VR Troopers.

For distribution purposes, Toei Company refers to this television series as Spielvan.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Mbinda
Mbinda is a village in the Republic of Congo, lying on the border with Gabon. It is the administrative seat of the Mbinda District.

The village is a transport hub and lies at the end of a railway line to Brazzaville.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Thompson subgroup
In finite group theory, a branch of mathematics, the Thompson subgroup  of a finite p-group P refers to one of several characteristic subgroups of P. John G. Thompson (1964) originally defined  to be the subgroup generated by the abelian subgroups of P of maximal rank. More often the Thompson subgroup     is defined to be the subgroup generated by the abelian subgroups of P of maximal order or the subgroup generated by the elementary abelian subgroups of P of maximal rank. In general these three subgroups can be different, though they are all called the Thompson subgroup and denoted by .

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Lachi language
The Lachi language (Chinese: 拉基; pinyin: lājī, Vietnamese: La Chí; autonym in China: li35 pu44 ljo44; autonym in Vietnam: qu32 te453, where qu32 means "person") is a Kra language spoken in Yunnan, China and in northern Vietnam. There were 9,500 Lachi speakers in Vietnam in 1990. Edmondson (2008) reports another 2,500 in Maguan County, Yunnan, China for 1995, but Li Yunbing (2000) reports 60 speakers in Maguan out of an ethnic population of 1,600.

Nùng people
The Nùng (pronounced as noong [nuːŋ]) are a Central Tai-speaking ethnic group living primarily in northeastern Vietnam and southwestern Guangxi. The Nùng sometimes call themselves Thổ, which literally means autochthonous (indigenous or native to the land). Their ethnonym is often mingled with that of the Tày as Tày-Nùng. According to the Vietnam census, the population of the Nùng numbered about 856,412 by 1999, 968,800 by 2009, and 1,083,298 by 2019. They are the third largest Tai-speaking group, preceded by the Tày and the Thái (Black Tai, White Tai and Red Tai groups), and sixth overall among national minority groups.

They are closely related to the Tày and the Zhuang. In China, the Nùng together with the Tày are classified as Zhuang people.
Humanitarian response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Japan received messages of condolence and offers of assistance from a range of international leaders. According to Japan's foreign ministry, 163 countries and regions, and 43 international organizations had offered assistance to Japan as of September 15, 2011. The magnitude of the earthquake was estimated at 9.1. This article is a list of charitable and humanitarian responses to the disaster from governments and non-governmental organizations. As of March 2012, donations to areas affected by the disaster totalled ¥520 billion and 930,000 people have assisted in disaster recovery efforts.

Rikuzentakata, Iwate
Rikuzentakata (陸前高田市, Rikuzentakata-shi) is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. In the census of 2010, the city had a population of 23,302 (2005: 24,709), and a population density of 100 persons per km2. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused extensive damage to the city. As of 31 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 19,062, and a population density of 82 persons per km2 in 7,593 households. The total area of the city is 231.94 square kilometres (89.55 sq mi).
Yves Christian Fournier
Yves-Christian Fournier is a Canadian film and television director and screenwriter, who won the Claude Jutra Award in 2008 for his debut film Everything Is Fine (Tout est parfait). Fournier also wrote and directed the short films Sunk, Les Emmerdeurs, Écoute-moi donc pas quand je te parle and Le Gibier, as well as episodes of the Télévision de Radio-Canada documentary series La Course destination monde.

His second feature film, Noir, was released in 2015.

John Dunning Best First Feature Award
The John Dunning Best First Feature Award is a special Canadian film award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the year's best feature film by a first-time film director. Under the earlier names Claude Jutra Award and Canadian Screen Award for Best First Feature, the award has been presented since the 14th Genie Awards in 1993.

Formerly a juried prize whose winner was announced in advance of the ceremony, the award is now presented as a conventional category with a full shortlist of nominees.

To date six films, The Confessional (Le Confessionnal), Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner, Away from Her, A Colony (Une colonie), Beans and Scarborough, have won both the Best First Feature and Best Picture awards in the same year; the directors of Le Confessionnal, Atanarjuat, Away from Her and Scarborough also won the award for Best Director for the same films.
Jennifer Bendery
Jennifer Lee Bendery is an American political journalist whose focus has been on Capitol Hill and the White House, including coverage of U.S. policy regarding women and minorities – particularly Savanna's Act and the Violence Against Women Act.

Savanna's Act
Savanna's Act or the #MMIW Act (MMIW meaning Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women) reforms law enforcement and justice protocols appropriate to address missing and murdered Native women, and for other purposes. An initial version of the bill passed the Senate on December 6, 2018. It was held by Bob Goodlatte on December 10, 2018.

The bill, after the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown reintroduced in 2019 as S.227, was nicknamed after Fargo, North Dakota resident Savanna LaFontaine-Greywind, who was murdered in August 2017, as an example of the statistics regarding abuse and homicide of Native American women. A related bill on the state level is Hanna's Act in Montana, a bill named after Hanna Harris of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Tribe in Montana, who was 21 years old when she went missing on July 4, 2013.
Samuel Oppenheim
Samuel Oppenheim (19 November 1857 in Braunsberg – 15 August 1928 in Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer.

In 1875, Oppenheim began to study mathematics, physics and astronomy in Vienna. He took his Staatsexamen in 1880. From 1881–1887, he worked at the Observatory of Vienna and from 1888–1896 at the Kuffner observatory in Vienna. He attained the Doctorate in 1884 and the Habilitation in 1910 for theoretical astronomy. After working as a teacher in Prague, he was Professor ordinarius for astronomy at the University of Vienna.

Oppenheim's field of research was mainly in the field of celestial mechanics (for example he wrote works on comets, Gravitation, Precession, Kinematics and statistics of stars etc.). He was co-editor of the Astronomy section of Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften.

Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body. In an appropriate reference frame it can be defined as a change in the first Euler angle, whereas the third Euler angle defines the rotation itself. In other words, if the axis of rotation of a body is itself rotating about a second axis, that body is said to be precessing about the second axis. A motion in which the second Euler angle changes is called nutation. In physics, there are two types of precession: torque-free and torque-induced.

In astronomy, precession refers to any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters. An important example is the steady change in the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth, known as the precession of the equinoxes.
Silvia Cuminetti
Silvia Cuminetti (born 29 January 1985), is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Cuminetti was born in Bergamo. She started ski mountaineering in 2001 and competed first in the "Gara in Val di Rezzalo" race in Bormio in the same year. She has been a member of the national team since 2002. She is a member of the CAMOSCI-Gruppo Alpinisti Bergamaschi.

Bormio
Bormio (Lombard: Bormi, Romansh: Buormⓘ, German: Worms im Veltlintal) is a town and comune with a population of about 4,100 located in the Province of Sondrio, Lombardy region of the Alps in northern Italy.

The centre of the upper Valtellina valley, it is a popular winter sports resort. It was the site of the Alpine World Ski Championships in 1985 and 2005, and annually hosts the Alpine Ski World Cup. In addition to modern skiing facilities, the town is noted for the presence of several hot springs that have been tapped to provide water to three thermal baths.
Esprit-Tranquille Maistral
Esprit-Tranquille Maistral (French pronunciation: [ɛspʁi tʁɑ̃kil mɛstʁal]; Quimper, 21 May 1763 – Guipavas, 5 November 1815) was a French Navy officer. He took part in the War of American Independence and in the French Revolutionary Wars, and had a pivotal role in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Quimper
Quimper (US: /kæ̃ˈpɛər/, French: [kɛ̃pɛʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Kemper [ˈkẽmpəʁ]; Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and prefecture of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mongolia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia (MOFA; Mongolian: Монгол улсын Гадаад харилцааны яам) is the Mongolian government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Mongolia and the country's foreign policy.

Anandyn Amar
Anandyn Amar (Mongolian: Анандын Амар; 1886 – July 10, 1941) was the head of state of the Mongolian People's Republic from 1932 to 1936 and twice served as prime minister from 1928–1930 and again from 1936–1939. A widely respected politician, Amar was known for his eloquent defense of Mongolian independence in the face of increasing Soviet domination. Despite this, he proved powerless in preventing Minister of Interior Khorloogiin Choibalsan and the Soviet NKVD from carrying out mass purges of nearly 30,000 Mongolians during his second term as prime minister between 1937 and 1939. Amar's popularity ultimately led to his purge by the pro-Soviet Choibalsan, who had him charged with counterrevolution in 1939. Amar was sent to Moscow for trial and executed on July 10, 1941.
Geography of Hunan
Hunan is a landlocked province situated in the Central China and central portion of Yangtze River, Hunan spans from 108°47′ to 114°15′ longitude and 24°39′ to 30°8′. Hunan shares land borders with Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, Guizhou to the west, Chongqing to the northwest, and Hubei to the north. Hunan is 667-kilometre (414 mi) from east to west, 774-kilometre (481 mi) from south to north, with a land area of 211,800-square-kilometre (81,800 sq mi), making it the 10th largest province in China. Hunan is ringed on three sides by mountains and hills, it looks like a horseshoe. Of Hunan's total area, 51.2% consists of hilly area, 13.9% consists of basin, 13.1% consists of plain, 15.4% consists of hills, 6.4% consists of water.

Vernicia fordii
Vernicia fordii, usually known as the tung tree (Chinese: 桐, tóng) and also as the tung-oil or tungoil tree (油桐), the kalo nut tree, and the China wood-oil tree, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to southern China, Myanmar, and northern Vietnam.
History of New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It has 234 municipalities. It is the 41st state by population (approximately 1,400,000) and the 46th by area. During the American Revolution, it was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule. Since the 20th century, the state has been known for its presidential primary, outdoor recreation, prestigious educational boarding schools, and its biotech industry.

Strawbery Banke
Strawbery Banke is an outdoor history museum located in the South End historic district of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It is the oldest neighborhood in New Hampshire to be settled by Europeans, and the earliest neighborhood remaining in the present-day city of Portsmouth. It features more than 37 restored buildings built between the 17th and 19th centuries in the Colonial, Georgian, and Federal style architectures. The buildings once clustered around a waterway known as Puddle Dock, which was filled in around 1900. Today the former waterway appears as a large open space.
Yang Li (activist)
Yang Li (Chinese: 杨丽; pinyin: Yáng Lì) is a Chinese human rights activist. She is known for her petitioning in support of land rights in Jiangsu, for which she has been persecuted by Chinese authorities, including serving a custodial prison sentence between 2024 and 2025 and being prohibited from accessing medical care.

Land law
Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from land. In many jurisdictions, these kinds  of property are referred to as real estate or real property, as distinct from personal property. Land use agreements, including renting, are an important intersection of property and contract law. Encumbrance on the land rights of one, such as an easement, may constitute the land rights of another. Mineral rights and water rights are closely linked, and often interrelated concepts.

Land rights are such a basic form of law that they develop even where there is no state to enforce them; for example, the claim clubs of the American West were institutions that arose organically to enforce the system of rules appurtenant to mining. Squatting, the occupation of land without ownership, is a globally ubiquitous phenomenon.
Indigenous land rights is also a perennial related issue.
Masaki Oyokawa
Masaki Oyokawa (及川 雅貴, Oyokawa, Masaki; born April 18, 2001 in Sōsa, Chiba) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Hanshin Tigers of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

He is nicknamed "Oyoyo" by his teammates.

Sōsa
Sōsa (匝瑳市, Sōsa-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the city had an estimated population of  35,674 in 14,688 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 101.78 square kilometres (39.30 sq mi).
Bogie Cottage
Bogie Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, town of North Elba in Essex County, New York.  It was built in 1908 and is a large, 2+1⁄2-story structure on a granite and fieldstone foundation in the American Craftsman style.  It features a hipped roof, shed dormers, two cobblestone chimneys, and a verandah in addition to two levels of cure porches.  The house was a registered sanatorium and operated as a boarding cottage at one time.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Fieldstone
Fieldstone is a naturally occurring type of stone, which lies at or near the surface of the Earth. Fieldstone is a nuisance for farmers seeking to expand their land under cultivation, but at some point it began to be used as a construction material. Strictly speaking, it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally. Collections of fieldstones which have been removed from arable land or pasture to allow for more effective agriculture are called clearance cairns.

In practice, fieldstone is any architectural stone used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material when used for exterior walls, it has come to include its use in other ways including garden features and interiors. It is sometimes cut or split for use in architecture.
Oleksandr Spivak
Oleksandr Serhiyovych Spivak (born 6 January 1975) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.  He retired in 2007 after a seven-year long stint with Zenit Saint Petersburg. Before coming to Zenit, Spivak has been with multiple clubs including Silur Khartsyzsk, Stal Mielec, SC Odesa, Shakhtar Donetsk, Stal Alchevsk, Metallurg, Zirka Kirovohrad, Chornomorets Odesa. A former Ukrainian international, Spivak also has Russian citizenship.

FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi
FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi (Ukrainian: ФК "Зірка Кропивницький") is a Ukrainian amateur football club from Kropyvnytskyi, Kirovohrad Oblast, with its team currently playing in the Ukrainian Amateur League.

The club traces its history of a football team that existed at the British factory of Elvorti (Elworthy) since 1911. After the Bolshevik Revolution, the factory was nationalized and converted into Soviet factory "Chervona Zirka", and likewise, the former team was dissolved, and the Soviet football team Chervona Zirka was formed in 1922. The club's professional football history started in 1958 when it was admitted to the Class B competitions.
Oreina speciosa
Oreina speciosa is a species of broad-shouldered leaf beetles of the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Chrysomelinae.

This alpine leaf beetle lives in the Pyrenees, Massif Central, Jura, Vosges, Alps, Apennines and Balkans.

The adults are 9–13 millimetres (0.35–0.51 in) long. The colours of the elytra of this beetle are very variable, with varieties completely blue, purple, black or else bright metallic green crossed by longitudinal blue or red (or both) stripes.

It can be found on various Apiaceae species, mainly of the genus Laserpitium, Heracleum, Chaerophyllum, Peucedanum and Angelica. The activity period is June–August.

Massif Central
The Massif Central (French pronunciation: [masif sɑ̃tʁal]) is a highland region in south-central France consisting of mountains and plateaus. It covers about 15% of mainland France.

Subject to volcanism that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north–south cleft created by the Rhône river and known in French as the sillon rhodanien (literally "Rhône furrow"). The region was a barrier to transport within France until the opening of the A75 motorway, which not only made north–south travel easier but also opened access to the massif itself.
Armand Dayot
Armand Dayot, (19 October 1851 – 2 October 1934), was a French art critic, art historian and leftist politician. He was born in Paimpol, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany. He founded the journal L'Art et les artistes and the Breton liberal organisation les Bleus de Bretagne.

He became successively the head of the prefecture of Oran, head of the Ministry of Arts in the cabinet of Léon Gambetta, and inspector general of the Ministry of Fine Arts.

In Brittany he was the principal force behind the Bleus de Bretagne, which promoted modern pro-liberal thought in the province. Dayot's principal contribution was to organise the creation of statues to revolutionaries and freethinkers.

Dayot's thinking on the relationship between the arts and politics was deeply influenced by the work of John Ruskin and William Morris.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
Rafał Śliż
Rafał Śliż (born 11 July 1983) is a Polish ski jumper.

He made his Continental Cup debut in January 2004, his best result being a first place from Sapporo in January 2006 as well as two victories in Rovaniemi in December 2006. He also finished seventh in the large hill at the 2005 Winter Universiade.

He made his World Cup debut in January 2005 in Zakopane, and collected his first World Cup points with a 26th place in January 2006 in Innsbruck. His best result is a thirteenth place in January 2009 in Zakopane. In 2009, he placed 8th as part of the Polish Men's Team Large Hill HS 145 World Cup in Germany.

After ending his athletic career, Śliż became a coach at clubs in Szczyrk and Wisła, including WSS Wisła.

Szczyrk
Szczyrk (/ˈʃtʃɜːrk/; Polish pronunciation: [ʂt͡ʂɘrk]; German: Schirk [ˈʃɪʁk]) is a town in the Beskid Śląski mountains of southern Poland, situated in the valley of the Żylica river. It is part of the Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously being part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998). It has a population of 5,734 people (2019).