hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frédéric Martens
Frédéric Vincent Martens, born Friedrich von Martens (December 16, 1806 – January 12, 1885) was an Italian-French photographer, engraver and inventor who spent most of his life and career in Paris. He also lived and worked in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, England and Belgium. Martens is best known for being the pioneer of panoramic-view photography.

National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring  Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the original Star-Spangled Banner. The museum is part of the Smithsonian Institution and located on the National Mall at 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking the eighth-most visited museum in the U.S.
Pound System
Pound System is a Melbourne-based electronica outfit. Both members also work as producers, working with Rocket Science, Screamfeeder and Sarah McLeod and have remixed song by many artists such as 28 Days, Spiderbait, Regurgitator, Kylie Minogue and Josh Abrahams. Their 2001 album You Know It Makes Sense features appearances by Katie Noonan and Spiderbait's Whit.

Sarah McLeod
Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.
Hou Yong (cinematographer)
Hou Yong (Chinese: 侯咏; born 1960) is a Chinese filmmaker and cinematographer. He is perhaps best known for his collaboration with director Zhang Yimou, though he has worked with many of China's major directors. Like some of Zhang's other cinematographers (notably Lü Yue, whom Hou replaced), Hou has also moved into the directing world. In 2004, he directed Jasmine Women starring Zhang Ziyi.

Hou began his career after graduating from the Beijing Film Academy in 1982 in the same class as Fifth Generation directors Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, and Tian Zhuangzhuang. Hou's early career was spent mainly on Fifth Generation projects, notably those of Tian, and Wu Ziniu. By the late 1990s, Hou began collaborating with Zhang Yimou for a series of films during Zhang's realist period.

Beijing Film Academy
Beijing Film Academy (BFA; 北京电影学院) is a municipal public college in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Beijing and co-funded by the Beijing Municipal People's Government, the National Radio and Television Administration, and the Ministry of Education.

The predecessor of the Beijing Film Academy was the Research Institute of Performing Arts of the Central Film Bureau (中央电影局表演艺术研究所) founded in 1950. The institute was renamed the Film School of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture of the Central People's Government (中央人民政府文化部电影局电影学校) in 1951. In 1953, the school was renamed Beijing Film School (北京电影学校). In 1956, the school was restructured into Beijing Film Academy.
POWER7
POWER7 is a family of superscalar multi-core microprocessors based on the Power ISA 2.06 instruction set architecture released in 2010 that succeeded the POWER6 and POWER6+. POWER7 was developed by IBM at several sites including IBM's Rochester, MN; Austin, TX; Essex Junction, VT; T. J. Watson Research Center, NY; Bromont, QC and IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH, Böblingen, Germany laboratories. IBM announced servers based on POWER7 on 8 February 2010.

Essex Junction, Vermont
Essex Junction is a city in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 10,590.  It was incorporated as a village on November 15, 1892. Essex Junction became Vermont’s 10th city on July 1, 2022.

The city is part of the Essex Westford Unified Union School District which operates K-12 schools including Essex High School. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Town of Essex ("Essex Town").

Essex Junction is home to GlobalFoundries' Burlington Design Center and 200 mm wafer fabrication plant. GlobalFoundries is the largest private employer in the state of Vermont, with approximately 3,000 employees.
Pant Glas
Pant Glas (Welsh for 'green hollow'; as in other Celtic languages, "glas" may mean both 'green' and 'blue') is a hamlet on the A487 road in Gwynedd, Wales, in the community of Clynnog. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Caernarfon, 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Porthmadog, and 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Pwllheli. Nearby is the former Pant Glas railway station on the closed Carnarvonshire Railway. The station closed in January 1957. The railway closed in 1964 and has since been replaced with the Lôn Eifion cycle track. Also nearby is the Arfon transmitting station, the tallest structure in Wales.

Welsh opera singer Sir Bryn Terfel was brought up at Fferm Nant Cyll Ucha, located just outside the hamlet.

In February 2005, the speed limit for the A487 in Pant Glas was reduced from  50 mph (80 km/h) to 40 mph (64 km/h).

Caernarfonshire
Caernarfonshire (/kərˈnɑːrvənʃər/; Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsir gaɨ̯rˈnarvɔn]), previously spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.
Pasting lemma
In topology, the pasting or gluing lemma, and sometimes the gluing rule, is an important result which says that two continuous functions can be "glued together" to create another continuous function. The lemma is implicit in the use of piecewise functions. For example, in the book Topology and Groupoids, where the condition given for the statement below is that  and

The pasting lemma is crucial to the construction of the fundamental group and fundamental groupoid of a topological space; it allows one to concatenate paths to create a new path.

Fundamental group
In the mathematical  field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a homotopy invariant—topological spaces that are homotopy equivalent (or the stronger case of homeomorphic) have isomorphic fundamental groups. The fundamental group of a topological space  is denoted by .
Roman Grill
Roman Grill (born March 1, 1966) is a German former footballer who is now a player agent. A defender, Grill spent eleven years playing for Bayern Munich's reserve team, and made one first-team appearance, replacing Thomas Helmer in a UEFA Cup match against Benfica in December 1995. Bayern went on to win the competition that season. After retiring, Grill worked as a coach with Bayern's youth team, before starting his own player agency in 2006. His clients include Owen Hargreaves, Philipp Lahm and Piotr Trochowski.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.
Blue Knob (Pennsylvania)
Blue Knob (elevation 3,146 feet (959 m)) is a summit in the eastern United States with a broad dome that is the northernmost 3,000-footer in the Allegheny Mountains. It is the highest point in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

The mountain is the site of 5,874-acre (23.77 km2) Blue Knob State Park and contains approximately 18 miles (29 km) of hiking trails and numerous overlooks. An alpine ski area is located on the mountain's north slopes. The towns of Pavia and Claysburg lie at the foot of the mountain, and Johnstown, Altoona, and Bedford are located within 25 miles (40 km).

Altoona, Pennsylvania
Altoona (/ælˈtuːnə/ al-TOO-nə) is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 43,963 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Altoona metropolitan area, which includes all of Blair County and was recorded as having a population of 122,823.

Altoona was established in 1849 by the Pennsylvania Railroad. Having grown around the railroad industry, the city has worked to recover from industrial decline and urban decentralization experienced in recent decades. The city is home to the Altoona Curve baseball team of the Eastern League, which is the AA affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team. They play at Peoples Natural Gas Field in Altoona. The Altoona Symphony Orchestra has called Altoona home since 1928. Prominent landmarks include the Horseshoe Curve, the Railroaders Memorial Museum, the Juniata Shops of the Altoona Works, the Mishler Theatre, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, and the Jaffa Shrine Center.
Great St. Martin Church, Cologne
The Great Saint Martin Church (German: Groß Sankt Martin, mostly shortened to Groß St. Martin, pronounced [ˈɡʁoːs ˌzaŋkt ˈmaʁtiːn] ⓘ or [- maʁˈtiːn] ⓘ; Kölsch: Jruhß Zint Määtes [ˈjʁús ˌtsɪ̂nt ˈmɛ́ːtəs] ⓘ) is a Romanesque Catholic church in Cologne, Germany.  Its foundations (c. 960 AD) rest on remnants of a Roman chapel, built on what was then an island in the Rhine. The church was later transformed into a Benedictine monastery.  The current buildings, including a soaring crossing tower that is a landmark of Cologne's Old Town, were erected between 1150–1250. The architecture of its eastern end forms a triconch or trefoil plan, consisting of three apses around the crossing, similar to that at St. Maria im Kapitol. The church was badly damaged in World War II; restoration work was completed in 1985.

As of 2009 Great Saint Martin is being used by a branch of the Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem and is open for visits again.

Tetraconch
A tetraconch, from the Greek for "four shells", is a building, usually a church or other religious building, with four apses, one in each direction, usually of equal size. The basic ground plan of the building is therefore a Greek cross. They are most common in Byzantine, and related schools such as Armenian and Georgian architecture. It has been argued that they were developed in these areas or Syria, and the issue is a matter of contention between the two nations in the Caucasus.  Apart from churches, the form is suitable for a mausoleum or baptistery. Normally, there will be a higher central dome over the central space.
The Bronx Bull
The Bronx Bull is a 2016 American biographical sports film written and directed by Martin Guigui and starring William Forsythe, Paul Sorvino, Joe Mantegna, Tom Sizemore, Natasha Henstridge, and Penelope Ann Miller.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
2003 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners.

Stubbs teamed up with Meghann Shaughnessy and lost in quarterfinals to Teryn Ashley and Abigail Spears.

Raymond teamed up with Cara Black and successfully defended her title, by defeating Cho Yoon-jeong and Francesca Schiavone 7–6(7–5), 6–1 in the final.

Cho Yoon-jeong
Cho Yoon-jeong (Korean: 조윤정, born 2 April 1979) is a South Korean former tennis player.

In her career, she won one doubles title on the WTA Tour, at Seoul in 2004. Her best Grand Slam performance came when she made the third round of the 2005 US Open by defeating Arantxa Parra Santonja in three sets in the first round, upsetting the 27th seed Gisela Dulko in the second round, before she fell to No. 7, Justine Henin. She reached career-high WTA rankings of No. 45 in singles (in July 2003), and No. 98 in doubles (in September 2003).

Yoon-jeong retired from professional tennis in 2008.
G. Subramania Iyer
Ganapathy Dikshitar Subramania Iyer (19 January 1855 – 18 April 1916) was a leading Indian journalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who led the Triplicane Six in launching The Hindu, an English newspaper on 20 September 1878. He was proprietor, editor and managing director of The Hindu from 20 September 1878 to October 1898. The Tamil language newspaper 'Swadesamitran' was also founded by him in 1891.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Himenokawauchi Dam
Himenokawauchi Dam (Japanese: 姫の河内ダム) is a gravity dam located in Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 1.2 km2. The dam impounds about 3  ha of land when full and can store 109 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1985 and completed in 1987.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Mount Karasuba
Mount Karasuba (烏場山, Karasuba-yama) is a mountain of modest height on the border of the cities Minamibōsō and Kamogawa in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, reaching an elevation of 266.6 m (875 ft). It is one of the mountains of the Mineoka Mountain District of the Bōsō Hill Range. The kanji for Mount Karasuba, 烏 and 場, mean 'crow' and 'place' respectively. The mountain became a popular hiking destination after the construction of a hiking trail in 1975. The trail features three viewing platforms that offer views of the Pacific Ocean, surrounding hills, and nearby cities.

Mount Karasuba is covered by a laurisilva forest, a type of laurel forest found in subtropical areas. It is home to many examples of the Japanese stone oak and the sudajii castanopsis, an evergreen beech tree. The area around the Odawara district of Minamibōsō is a base for floriculture, and there are many flower fields at the base of Mount Karasuba, even in winter.

Kamogawa, Chiba
Kamogawa (鴨川市, Kamogawa-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of  31,722 in 14,558 households and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 191.14 square kilometers (73.80 sq mi).

The name of the city consists of two kanji characters: the first, kamo (鴨), meaning "duck", and the second, kawa (川), meaning "river".
Lin-ay sang Negros 2023
Lin-ay sang Negros 2023, the 27th edition of the annual Lin-ay sang Negros pageant will be held on April 21, 2023, at the Pana-ad Park and Stadium. A total of 27 candidates from 12 cities and 15 municipalities sent their representatives. Talisay City's Roxanne Toleco will relinquish her crown to the new winner at the end of the event.

Talisay, Negros Occidental
Talisay, officially the City of Talisay (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Talisay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Talisay), is a  component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 109,204 people.

The city is often confused with another Visayas city also named Talisay, which is a component city in the neighboring province of Cebu.
Société Nautique de Genève
The Société Nautique de Genève is a yacht club based in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1872 with the goal of developing nautical sports and high level sailors. The club currently has about 3,000 members.

The club held the America's Cup from 2003 until 2010, staging one successful defense in 2007 with its Alinghi syndicate.

The club is active in yacht racing and high-performance catamarans have been developed specifically for the lake.  The design of Alinghi 5, the defender of the 2010 America's Cup, was influenced by those racing catamarans.  The best-known event, the "Bol d'or" (not to be confused with other events having the same name) runs from Geneva to the end of the lake and back.

Yacht racing
Yacht racing is a sailing sport involving sailing yachts and larger sailboats, as distinguished from dinghy racing, which involves open boats. It is composed of multiple yachts, in direct competition, racing around a course marked by buoys or other fixed navigational devices or racing longer distances across open water from point-to-point. It can involve a series of races with buoy racing or multiple legs when point-to-point racing.
Sandy King
Sandy King (1852? – November 9, 1881) was an outlaw of the Old West, and a member of the loosely knit gang the Cowboys in Cochise County, Arizona Territory, during the period when the outlaws clashed with deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp in Tombstone and the resulting Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26, 1881.

Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War.
Human Powered Health (women's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPH) is a women's professional cycling team founded in 2012 which currently competes in the UCI Women's World Tour. In 2022, Human Powered Health became the first co-educational professional cycling team to promote its women's team to the WorldTour level ahead of its men's program.

The team was founded as Optum-Kelly Benefit Strategies and was initially directed by Rachel Heal. The team's current sports directors are Joanne Kiesanowski and Andrew Bajadali.

Jo Kiesanowski
Joanne Marie Kiesanowski (born 24 May 1979)  is a New Zealand former professional cyclist, who won the silver medal in the women's scratch race at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.  She is married to Jeff Pierce, a former professional cyclist.

The 2012 Summer Olympics was Kiesanowski's third Olympics, having already competed in the women's road race at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.
Golden Corridor
The Golden Corridor is the area around the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (Interstate 90), formerly known as the Northwest Tollway, in the Chicago metropolitan area. Its name refers to the "gold" mine of economic profit for communities in the area. Several Fortune 500 company headquarters, office parks, industrial parks, exhibition and entertainment centers, medical facilities, hotels, shopping centers, and restaurants are in the Golden Corridor. With the exception of the O'Hare area of Chicago, all the communities in this region are part of a larger region known as the "Northwest Suburbs".

Business park
A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically situated near major highways, roads, or train stations for easy access.
Sant Joan de l'Erm
Sant Joan de l'Erm is a Catalan ski resort located in the Castellbò valley, in Montferrer i Castellbò.

This Nordic skiing resort is in the midst of forests of Scots Pine, Mountain Pine and fir, and the trails range from 1,700 meters high in the refuge of Basseta to 2,050 m of Prat de Montaner from which you can reach Portainé.

The ski resort opened in 1970. Altogether has 50 km of trails for skiing. They are divided according to difficulty:

Green circuit: 7 km

Blue circuit: 15 km

Red circuit: 26 km

Black circuit: 2 km

Skating circuit: 18 km

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark.
Noelani Pantastico
Noelani Pantastico (born May 4, 1980) is an American ballet dancer.  She was formerly a principal dancer with Pacific Northwest Ballet in Seattle and also danced at the Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo in Monaco.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
HMS Pilchard
HMS Pilchard was a Royal Navy Ballahoo-class schooner of four 12-pounder carronades and a crew of 20. The prime contractor for the vessel was Goodrich & Co., in Bermuda. She was commissioned under Lieutenant Samuel Crew in May 1804, launched in 1805, and completed at Plymouth in 1806. Although Pilchard was often near naval engagements, she seems not to have had to fire her cannons before she was laid up in 1812. Entries in Lloyd's Register indicate that she continued in mercantile trade from at least 1817 until 1833, under a variety of owners and masters, and as far afield as Africa and Valparaiso.

Carronade
A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the last quarter of the 18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main function was to serve as a powerful, short-range, anti-ship and anti-crew weapon. The technology behind the carronade was greater dimensional precision, with the shot fitting more closely in the barrel, thus transmitting more of the propellant charge's energy to the projectile, allowing a lighter gun using less gunpowder to be effective.

Carronades were initially found to be very successful, but they eventually disappeared as naval artillery advanced, with the introduction of rifling and consequent change in the shape of the projectile, exploding shells replacing solid shot, and naval engagements being fought at longer ranges.