hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008–09 Hessenliga
The 2008–09 season of the Hessenliga was the first season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system after the introduction of the 3. Fußball-Liga.

SC Waldgirmes, champions of the Hessenliga, did not meet the licensing criteria for the Fußball-Regionalliga. In their place, the Bavarian team FC Bayern Alzenau were promoted to the 2009–10 Regionalliga Süd. SV Buchonia Flieden, Borussia Fulda, KSV Hessen Kassel II and FSC Lohfelden were relegated to their respective Verbandsligen.

1. FC Schwalmstadt and SVA Bad Hersfeld from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord, VfB Marburg from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Mitte and FSV Frankfurt II from the Verbandsliga Hessen-Süd were promoted to the 2009–10 Hessenliga. Joining them in the Hessenliga next season are Viktoria Aschaffenburg, having been relegated from the Regionalliga.

SC Waldgirmes
SC Waldgirmes is a German association football club from Waldgirmes, Hesse. The 700 member club is best known for its football team, but also has departments for table tennis, women's gymnastics, alpine gymnastics, and cycling.
Post Office Act 1977
The Post Office Act 1977 (c. 44) was an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, which regulated corporate governance at the Post Office. It required that employees had voting rights for the board of directors. It is generally thought to have proved successful, but was repealed in 1979.

Corporate governance
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, practices, and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated by their boards of directors, managers, shareholders, and stakeholders.
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme or LCAS is a method to dynamically increase or decrease the bandwidth of virtual concatenated containers. The LCAS protocol is specified in ITU-T G.7042.

It allows on-demand increase or decrease of the bandwidth of the virtual concatenated group in a hitless manner. This brings bandwidth-on-demand capability for data clients like Ethernet when mapped into TDM containers.

LCAS is also able to temporarily remove failed members from the virtual concatenation group. A failed member will automatically cause a decrease of the bandwidth and after repair the bandwidth will increase again in a hitless fashion. Together with diverse routing this provides survivability of data traffic without requiring excess protection bandwidth allocation.

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
Anglican Journal
The Anglican Journal is the national newspaper of the Anglican Church of Canada.  The Journal publishes news, features and opinion related to Anglicanism and religion in Canada and abroad.  It also contains an extensive arts and culture section, and classified advertising.  Its editor Is Tali Folkins. The headquarters is in Toronto.

The paper was first published under the name Dominion Churchman in 1875; and later as the Canadian Churchman.  It is published ten times a year, and is mailed separately or with one of 19 diocesan or regional publications. It is a member of the Canadian Church Press and Associated Church Press.

The Journal has been frequently cited for excellence in journalism, winning 33 awards, including first prize for general excellence, in 2016.

Classified advertising
Classified advertising is a form of advertising, particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals, which may be sold or distributed free of charge. Classified advertisements are much cheaper than larger display advertisements used by businesses, although display advertising is more widespread. They were also commonly called "want" ads, starting in 1763, and are sometimes called small ads in Britain.
Rajinimurugan (soundtrack)
Rajinimurugan is the soundtrack album composed by D. Imman for the 2015 Tamil film of the same name directed by Ponram, starring Sivakarthikeyan. The film marked Imman's third collaboration with Sivakarthikeyan and second collaboration with Ponram. The album featured ten tracks in entirety, including a remix and karaoke versions of the songs, with lyrics written by Yugabharathi. The song "Yennamma Ippadi Panreengalema" was released as a single on 25 May 2015, and the album in its entirety was released on 10 June 2015 by Sony Music India. The album received positive response and topped the charts.

Sony Music India
Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian music record label operated by Sony and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company began operations in 1997 and was the first record company in India to be fully foreign-owned, with Sony being a Japanese corporation. From December 2013 to March 2020, the company distributed Warner Music Group releases in India and the SAARC region, until the launch of the Warner Music India division. Sony Music India is the largest foreign-owned music label in the country and the second-largest overall. It holds a 25% share of the Indian music market, ranking behind T-Series and ahead of Zee Music Company, with which it has a strategic partnership.
Gallini (bird)
Gallini is a tribe of bird in the subfamily Phasianinae. It includes the bamboo partridges, francolins and junglefowl (including the chicken). Members of this tribe are found in both Asia and tropical Africa. This grouping was supported by a 2021 phylogenetic analysis of Galliformes, and has been accepted by the International Ornithological Congress. The tribe name is accepted by the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World.

Bamboo partridge
Bamboo partridges, sometimes called ridge partridges, are medium-sized non-migratory birds of the genus Bambusicola in the family Phasianidae.They have a wide native distribution throughout Asia. They were formerly grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae (pheasants, quail, etc.). However, molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the family Phasianidae, but that some species are closer to the pheasants, while others are closer to the junglefowl. Phylogenetic evidence supports the bamboo partridges as being the sister genus to the junglefowl.
Baćović
Baćović (Cyrillic script: Баћовић) is a Serbo-Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Petar Baćović (1898–1945), Bosnian Serb Chetnik leader

Simo Baćović (1828–1911), Montenegrin voivode

Vasilije Baćović

Simo Baćović
Simo Baćović (Serbian Cyrillic: Симо Баћовић; 1828 – 4 September 1911) was a Montenegrin voivode born in Banjani.

He was a general of the rebels during the Vukalović's Uprising, he blockaded Ottoman garrisons in cities of Trebinje and Gacko. He also commanded Montenegrin divisions during Herzegovina uprising and Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878). He led his division to victory in Battle of Vučji Do.
National Salvation Front (Tunisia)
The “National Salvation Front” in Tunisia (NSFT) is a Tunisian political group headed by Ahmed Najib Chebbi, founded on 31 May 2022, 10 months after the political crisis  in Tunisia. The Front includes several Tunisian political entities who oppose actions taken by President Kais Saied, including his suspension of the House of Representatives as well as other measures which the Front considers a coup against legitimate political rule. Among the front's participants are Ennahda Movement, Amal Movement, Tunisia Movement of Will, Dignity Coalition and Heart of Tunisia, Citizens’ Movement against the Coup, the Democratic Initiative, the National Salvation Meeting, the Tunisian Movement for Democracy, the Meeting for Tunisia, the Youth Meeting for Democracy and Social Justice, and the Coordination of Parliament Representatives. In April 2024, the National Salvation Front coalition announced that it was boycotting the 2024 presidential election, denouncing an “electoral farce”.

Movement Party (Tunisia)
The Movement Party (Arabic: حزب الحراك, romanized: Ḥizb al-Harāk), previously known as the Tunisia Will Movement (Arabic: حراك تونس الإرادة, romanized: Harāk Tūnis al-Irādah) and by its shortened name Al-Irada (Arabic: الإرادة, romanized: al-Irādah, lit. 'The Will'), is a Tunisian political party that was founded on 20 December 2015 by former Tunisian president Moncef Marzouki.
Rosetta Sherwood Hall
Rosetta Sherwood Hall (September 19, 1865 – April 5, 1951) was an American medical missionary and educator. She founded the Pyongyang School for the Deaf and Blind. Hall spent forty-four years in Korea, helping develop educational resources for disabled Koreans and implementing women's medical training.

Disability in South Korea
The 2016 National Disability Survey found that there are approximately 2,683,400 people with disabilities in South Korea. Physical disabilities account for about 50% of the total disabled population. In the past few decades, guided by the five-year plan, policies and services related to people with disabilities have improved. The government has established several regional rehabilitation centers for people with disabilities and has provided and implemented rehabilitation programs in their communities. The number of disabled people in South Korea is increasing as the population ages. Regarding this matter, the South Korean government is planning a stable welfare model to adapt to long-term demographic changes.
Hunzib language
Hunzib is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Hunzib people in the Tsunta and Kizilyurt districts of Dagestan and in two villages across the Russian border in Georgia. Hunzib is not an official language, and it is rarely written.

Instrumental case
In grammar, the instrumental case (abbreviated INS or INSTR) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.
Łabuń Wielki
Łabuń Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈwabuj̃ ˈvjɛlkʲi]; German: Labuhn) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Resko, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Resko, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Łobez, and 71 km (44 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Łobez
Łobez [ˈwɔbɛs] ⓘ (Kashubian: Łobéz; German: Labes) is a town on the river Rega in northwestern Poland, within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łobez County, and has a population of 10,066 (2019).
Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Equatorial Guinea of 1980
The Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Tratado de Amistad y Cooperación entre España y Guinea Ecuatorial de 1980) is a bilateral treaty signed on 23 October 1980 in Madrid by the First Vice President and Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Equatorial Guinea, Florencio Mayé Elá and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain, José Pedro Pérez-Llorca. The treaty was published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado on 27 July 1981.

Bilateral treaty
A bilateral treaty (also called a bipartite treaty) is a treaty strictly between two subjects of public international law, generally either sovereign states or international organisations established by treaty. It is an agreement made by negotiations between two parties, established in writing and signed by representatives of the parties. Treaties can span in substance and complexity, regarding a wide variety of matters, such as territorial boundaries, trade and commerce, political alliances, and more. The agreement is usually then ratified by the lawmaking authority of each party or organization.  Any agreement with more than two parties is a multilateral treaty. Similar to a contract, it is also called a contractual treaty. As with any other treaty, it is a written agreement that is typically formal and binding in nature.
Arlene Voski Avakian
Arlene Voski Avakian (born 1939) is an Armenian-American academic specializing in women's studies and food history.

Avakian came to the University of Massachusetts Amherst as a graduate student, helping to found the Women's Studies Program. She later joined the faculty at what grew into the university's Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. She retired from UMass Amherst in 2011.

Avakian's papers are held in the university's archives collection.

Food history
Food history is an interdisciplinary field that examines the history and the cultural, economic, environmental, and sociological impacts of food and human nutrition.  It includes famines and malnutrition.  It is distinct from the more traditional field of culinary history, which focuses on the origin and recreation of specific recipes.
Beer in Germany
Beer (German: Bier, pronounced [biːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a major part of German culture. According to the Reinheitsgebot (German beer purity law), only water, hops, yeast and malt are permitted as ingredients in its production. Beers not exclusively using barley-malt, such as wheat beer, must be top-fermented.

In 2023, Germany ranked fourth in beer exports and in 2020, Germany ranked third in Europe in terms of per-capita beer consumption, trailing behind the Czech Republic and Austria.

Oktoberfest
Oktoberfest (German pronunciation: [ɔkˈtoːbɐˌfɛst] ⓘ; Bavarian: Oktobafest/d'Wiesn) is the world's largest Volksfest. It combines a beer festival with a fun fair and is held annually in Munich on the Theresienwiese from mid-September to the first Sunday in October.

The event draws around seven million visitors each year. In 2023, attendance reached a record 7.2 million. Visitors consumed approximately 7.4 million litres of beer. The festival features amusement rides, games, food stalls, and traditional Bavarian dishes.

The first Oktoberfest was held on 12 October 1810 to celebrate the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen. Since then, the festival has been cancelled on multiple occasions, most recently in 2020 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Gerov Pass
Gerov Pass (Bulgarian: Геров проход, ‘Gerov Prohod’ \'ge-rov 'pro-hod\) is a pass of elevation 400 m in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Situated on Rozhen Peninsula, 1.6 km south-southeast of Pleven Saddle.  Bounded by Shumen Peak to the east-northeast, and Gabrovo Knoll to the west-southwest.  Providing overland access between Charity Glacier to the northwest and Tarnovo Ice Piedmont to the south.  Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05.  Named
after the Bulgarian linguist Nayden Gerov (1823–1900).

Rozhen Peninsula
Rozhen Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Рожен, romanized: poluostrov Rozhen, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈrɔʒɛn]) extends 9 km in the southwest direction towards Barnard Point, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and 8.8 km wide. It is bounded by False Bay and its segment Inept Cove to the west, Bransfield Strait to the southeast and Brunow Bay to the east.  Its interior is occupied by the Friesland Ridge of Tangra Mountains.

The peninsula is named after Rozhen site in Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria.
Kaohsiung MRT foreign workers scandal
Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit Foreign Workers Scandal, also known as the KMRT Scandal, is a scandal that broke in August 2005, during the presidency of Chen Shui-bian. During the construction of the Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit, Thai workers hired for the job rioted to protest bad working conditions. During the subsequent investigation, it was found that foreign workers had been hired through a third party, despite project requirements mandating that workers be vetted directly by the government.

Vetting
Vetting is the process of performing a background check on someone before offering them employment, conferring an award, or doing fact-checking prior to making any decision. In addition, in intelligence gathering, assets are vetted to determine their usefulness.
Charles Dramiga
Charles Dramiga (born 15 January 1954) is a Ugandan sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Competing for the New Mexico Lobos track and field team, Dramiga won the 1976 600 yards at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.

600 yards at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
This is a list of the NCAA Division I indoor champions in the 600 yards or its metric equivalent 500 meters. The imperial distance was run until 1983, and the 500 meters was contested for only three years from 1984 to 1987 before the event was discontinued. The 1986 and 1987 races were reported to have been shorter than 500 meters, as the track was 25 inches (640 mm) per lap short in 1986. Hand timing was used until 1975 and in 1980, while starting in 1976 fully automatic timing was used.
East (Croydon ward)
East was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Croydon from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned three councillors to Croydon London Borough Council. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Croydon electoral division from 1965 and then the Croydon North East division from 1973.

1974 London local elections
Local government elections took place in London, and some other parts of the United Kingdom on Thursday 2 May 1974. Ward changes took place which increased the total number of councillors by 4 from 1,863 to 1,867.

All London borough council seats were up for election.  The previous Borough elections in London were in 1971.
Hasta la Verdad
"Hasta la Verdad" (Spanish: [ˈasta la βeɾˈðað], lit. 'Until the Truth') is a song by Chilean singer-songwriter Javiera Mena. Written by Mena herself and produced by Cristian Heyne, the song was released on May 23, 2010, as the first single from her second studio album, Mena.

Mena (album)
Mena is the second studio album by Chilean recording artist Javiera Mena. It was officially released worldwide on September 1, 2010 via iTunes, and on September 15, 2010 physically through indie label Unión del Sur, as a follow-up to her successful debut, Esquemas Juveniles (2006). Javiera wrote and all the songs, as well as being the co-producer of every track in the album along with Cristián Heyne. Production first took place in early 2008 and recording sessions at Heyne's personal studio. A couple of months before the album's release, its first single "Hasta la Verdad" was sent to radio stations.

The music of Mena is rooted in the synthpop, electropop and dance-pop-oriented styles, a lot more than in her previous album. Mena also draws inspiration from the pop and electronic music of the 1990s.

At the end of 2010, iTunes Mexico named Mena "the breakthrough album that year".
Vonnie Gros
Vonnie Gros (born c. 1935) is an American field hockey player, coach, and one of the charter inductees into the USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame. Gros attended Ursinus College where she captained the college's field hockey team. She later coached the field hockey teams at West Chester and Princeton. She also served as the head coach of the U.S. national team for several years and of the U.S. Olympic team at the 1980 (boycotted) and 1984 Summer Olympics (bronze medal). She was inducted into the USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988.

West Chester University
West Chester University of Pennsylvania (WCUPA), commonly known as West Chester University (WCU), is a public research university in West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". With 17,275 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2022, WCU is the largest of the 10 state-owned universities belonging to the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) and the sixth largest university in Pennsylvania. It also maintains a Center City Philadelphia satellite campus on Market Street.
Ken Maiuri
Kenneth Maiuri (born 1971) is an American multi-instrumentalist and composer based in Florence, Massachusetts. Since early 2016, he has been the keyboardist for The B-52's.  He has played in numerous other bands, such as Pedro the Lion and The Mammals. He has been part of the live band for performances of "Picture-Stories" created by Ben Katchor and Mark Mulcahy, including The Slug Bearers of Kayrol Island, or, The Friends of Dr. Rushower; A Checkroom Romance; and Up from the Stacks. Maiuri co-composed the music to Jason Mazzotta's 2015 short film The Century of Love, Part I. In 2023, he backed up Eggstone’s Per Sunding for his first-ever US tour. He has appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (with The B-52's), The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Ellen DeGeneres Show (as a member of the Young@Heart Chorus band), Fresh Air (with Mark Mulcahy), and Mountain Stage (with Mark Mulcahy and The Mammals).

Florence, Massachusetts
Florence is a village in the northwestern portion of the city of Northampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. During the 19th century, Florence was a thriving manufacturing village shaped by progressive ideas on religion, abolitionism, and education.
2018–19 Kansas Jayhawks women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Kansas Jayhawks women's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Jayhawks were led by fourth year head coach Brandon Schneider. They played their home games at Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 13–18, 2–16 in Big 12 play, to finish in last place. They advanced in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 Tournament, where they lost to Iowa State.

2019 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Phillips 66 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament was the postseason tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from March 8 to 11 in Oklahoma City at Chesapeake Energy Arena. Baylor won the championship game over Iowa State, 57–49. Kalani Brown was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.
Calw
Calw (German pronunciation: [ˈkalf] ⓘ; previously pronounced [ˈkalp] and sometimes spelled Kalb accordingly; Swabian: Calb) is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital and largest town of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 km (11 mi) south of Pforzheim and 33 km (21 mi) west of Stuttgart. It has the status of a große Kreisstadt.

Swabian German
Swabian (German: Schwäbisch [ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ] ⓘ) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg (including its capital Stuttgart and the Swabian Jura region) and the southwest of Bavaria (Bavarian Swabia). Furthermore, Swabian German dialects are spoken by Caucasus Germans in Transcaucasia. The dialects of the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania are only nominally Swabian and can be traced back not only to Swabian but also to Franconian, Bavarian and Hessian dialects, with  locally varying degrees of influence of the initial dialects.