hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax on trees
Tax on trees was a tax imposed on the owners of fruit trees in the USSR by Joseph Stalin's government in 1944. The tax made it expensive to have trees on a farm, and had the unintended consequence of causing a mass felling of trees by Soviet farmers. This subsequently led to shortage of fruit.

The idea was proposed by the Minister Arseny Zverev, and Stalin failed to foresee the problems it would produce. The tax was repealed in 1954 by Georgy Malenkov, when taxes were reduced by 60 percent for farmers.

Unintended consequences
In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen. The term was popularized in the 20th century by American sociologist Robert K. Merton.

Unintended consequences can be grouped into three types:

Unexpected benefit:  A positive unexpected benefit (also referred to as luck, serendipity, or a windfall).

Unexpected drawback:  An unexpected detriment occurring in addition to the desired effect of the policy (e.g., while irrigation schemes provide people with water for agriculture, they can increase waterborne diseases that have devastating health effects, such as schistosomiasis).

Perverse result: A perverse effect contrary to what was originally intended (when an intended solution makes a problem worse).
Embee
Embee is a Swedish hip hop DJ and producer. He was born Magnus Bergkvist on February 24, 1977 in Badelunda, Västmanland, Sweden. He is best known for his work with Swedish hip-hop group Looptroop Rockers. His first solo album Tellings from Solitaria won a Swedish Grammy Award for best hip hop or soul release of 2005.

Collaborations include Capleton, Dilated Peoples, Saïan Supa Crew, José González, Seinabo Sey, Sabina Ddumba, Jojje Wadenius to name a few.

Västmanland
Västmanland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂sːtmanˌland] or [ˈvɛ̌sːt-] ⓘ) is a historical Swedish province, or landskap, in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland.

Västmanland means "West Man Land" or, less literally, "The Land of the Western Men", where the "western men" (västermännen) were the people living west of Uppland, the core province of early Sweden.
Filipino Chinese cuisine
Filipino Chinese cuisine is a style of Filipino cuisine influenced by Chinese cuisine historically brought to the Philippines by Chinese Filipinos, starting with the Sangley Chinese and their Chinese mestizo descendants and modern descendants in the Chinese Filipino community of the Philippines. It is characterized as a fusion of Fujian/Hokkien cuisine and Cantonese cuisine adapted over the centuries to Filipino cuisine to suit the general Filipino palate/taste.

Zongzi
Zongzi (Chinese: 粽子; pinyin: zòngzi), simply zong (Chinese: 粽; pinyin: zòng; Jyutping: zung2)  or translated as rice dumplings, is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with a range of fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves. Fillings can be either sweet, such as red bean paste, or savory, such as pork belly or Chinese sausage. The bamboo for wrapping the zongzi is generally of the species Indocalamus tessellatus, although sometimes reed or other large flat leaves may be used. Zongzi are cooked by steaming or boiling.
Grabmusik
Grabmusik (Grave Music), K. 42/35a, is a 20-minute cantata by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Translated variously into Cantata on Christ's Grave and Music for the Holy Sepulchre, it was composed in Salzburg during Holy Week in 1767. The circumstances of the work's composition are bizarre, as the eleven-year-old Mozart was closeted at the order of Sigismund von Schrattenbach, who doubted the authenticity of the previous works attributed to him, and subsequently required him to write the cantata in the course of a week.

The author of the text is unknown, but there have been several assumptions among musicologists, reflecting the attribution of Mozart's previous sacred singspiel Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots.

Tomb of Jesus
According to the gospel accounts, Jesus was buried in a tomb which originally belonged to Joseph of Arimathea, a wealthy man who, believing Jesus was the Messiah, offered his own sepulcher for the burial of Jesus. According to Christian tradition, the tomb of Jesus is located in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Josh Davis (basketball, born 1991)
Josh Davis (born January 22, 1991) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots in Japan.

Davis played his freshman year at NC State. Davis transferred to Tulane, where he averaged 17.6 points and 10.7 rebounds per game as a junior and was named to the First Team All-Conference USA. After the season he transferred again to San Diego State but did not have to sit out the season. He was nicknamed Kawhi 2.0 due to his resemblance of Kawhi Leonard and rebounding ability. In his only season at San Diego State, Davis averaged 10.1 rebounds and 7.7 points per game. After the season he signed with the San Antonio Spurs but never played for the team.

Tulane Green Wave men's basketball
The Tulane Green Wave men's basketball team represents Tulane University in NCAA Division I college basketball. The team competes in the American Athletic Conference. They play home games on campus in Devlin Fieldhouse, the ninth-oldest active basketball venue in the nation. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament was in 1995.

Tulane is the only school from the original Metro Conference that remained in the conference through its 1975 founding, the 1991 breakup that saw several schools form the Great Midwest Conference, the 1995 reunification that created today's Conference USA, and the 2004 realignment of conferences. It rejoined many of its previous conference mates when it became a member of the American Athletic Conference in 2014.
Mark Jones (basketball, born 1975)
Mark Jones (born May 25, 1975, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was undrafted after a career at the University of Central Florida, and at the age of 30 entered the NBA with the Orlando Magic, during the 2004-05 NBA season, averaging 2.3 points per game in ten total games.

In addition to his time in the NBA, Jones played professionally in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) and NBA Development League in the United States as well as in leagues in Switzerland, France and Venezuela. He was selected to the All-CBA Second Team in 2005.

His nephew, Trey McKinney-Jones, is a professional basketball player.

Orlando Magic
The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team based in Orlando, Florida. The Magic compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference. The franchise was established in 1989 as an expansion franchise. Notable NBA stars as Shaquille O'Neal, Penny Hardaway, Grant Hill, Tracy McGrady, and Dwight Howard, have played for the club throughout its history. As of 2024, the franchise has played in the NBA playoffs 17 times in 35 seasons, and twice went to the NBA Finals, in 1995 and 2009, losing to the Houston Rockets and the Los Angeles Lakers, respectively.
Heliothelopsis unicoloralis
Heliothelopsis unicoloralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona.

The wingspan is 12–14 mm. The forewings are deep black brown with a slight bronze tinge and sprinkled with whitish scaling. The hindwings are uniform black brown. Adults have been recorded on wing in August.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
2016 Open Sud de France – Doubles
Marcus Daniell and Artem Sitak were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Andrea Arnaboldi and Marc López.

Mate Pavić and Michael Venus won the title, defeating Alexander and Mischa Zverev in the final, 7–5, 7–6(7–4).

Andrea Arnaboldi
Andrea Arnaboldi (Italian pronunciation: [anˈdrɛːa arnaˈbɔldi]; born 27 December 1987) is an Italian former tennis player who competed on the ATP Challenger Tour. He advanced to the main draw of the 2014 French Open, 2015 French Open, and 2019 Wimbledon.
Gastão de Sousa
Gastão Francisco de Sousa (born 25 March 1960) is an East Timorese engineer and politician, and a member of the Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrático, PD).

He is the incumbent Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment, serving since July 2023 in the IX Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão.

Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
The prime minister of Timor-Leste, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Primeiru-Ministru Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

The president of Timor-Leste is the head of state. The president appoints the prime minister, after parliamentary elections and have listened to all parties represented in the National Parliament, who is usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. The prime minister is ex officio a member of the Council of State, chairs the cabinet and oversees the activities of the government.

The current prime minister is Xanana Gusmão, who was sworn in on 1 July 2023; he also served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015.
Highland Mall
ACC Highland Campus is a college operated by the Austin Community College District, adjacent to retail space. It was formerly known as Highland Mall, which was a shopping mall located in north Austin, Texas, United States, on Airport Boulevard west of I-35 and north of US Route 290. Opened in 1971, Highland Mall was Austin's first suburban shopping mall. Highland Mall was jointly owned by General Growth Properties and Simon Property Group until 2011. On April 30, 2015, Highland Mall officially closed its doors; the space has since been repurposed primarily as a campus for Austin Community College.

Simon Property Group
Simon Media Properties, LLC, doing business as Simon Property Group, Inc., is an American real estate investment trust that invests in shopping malls, outlet centers, and community/lifestyle centers. It is the largest owner of shopping malls in the United States and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. As of December 31, 2024, it owned  interests in 232 properties.
National Highway 27 (India)
National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in India that starts in Porbandar and ends in Silchar, the highway passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.
NH-27 was laid and is maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). It is the second longest National Highway (after NH-44) in India and is a part of NS-EW Corridor of NHAI.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is a ministry of the Government of India, that is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, transport research and in also to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Through its officers of Central Engineering Services (Roads) cadre it is responsible for the development of National Highways of the country.

Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60 percent of the total goods and 85 percent of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for India and accounts for a significant part in the budget.
Siedlisko, Gołdap County
Siedlisko [ɕɛˈdliskɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Gołdap and 125 km (78 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gołdap
Gołdap (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡɔwdap] ⓘ; German: Goldap [ˈɡɔldap] ⓘ or variant Goldapp; Lithuanian: Geldupė, Geldapė, Galdapė) is a spa town in northeastern Poland, in the region of Masuria, seat of Gołdap County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is located on the Gołdapa River, between the Szeskie Hills, Gołdap Lake and the Puszcza Romincka forest. It has a population of 15,600 (as of 2007).
2002 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes were the defending champions but only Paes competed that year with John-Laffnie de Jager.

de Jager and Paes lost in the first round to Robert Kendrick and Brian Vahaly.

Mardy Fish and Andy Roddick won in the final 6–4, 6–4 against Jan-Michael Gambill and Graydon Oliver.

Jan-Michael Gambill
Jan-Michael Charles Gambill (born June 3, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player who made his professional debut in 1996. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 14, which he achieved on June 18, 2001. Best known for his unusual double-handed forehand, Gambill reached the quarterfinals of the 2000 Wimbledon Championships, the final of the 2001 Miami Masters, and won three singles titles.
1935 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1935 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

In May 1935, the Soviets signed a treaty of mutual assistance with France and Czechoslovakia which lasted until the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany in 1939.

At the Communist International's 7th Congress, held in July–August 1935, the Soviet government encouraged Marxist–Leninists to unite with other leftists as part of a popular front against fascism.

William Christian Bullitt Jr.
William Christian Bullitt Jr. (January 25, 1891 – February 15, 1967) was an American diplomat, journalist, and novelist. He is known for his special mission to negotiate with Lenin on behalf of the Paris Peace Conference, often recalled as a missed opportunity to normalize relations with the Bolsheviks. He was also the first U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union and the U.S. ambassador to France during World War II. In his youth, he was considered a radical, but he later became an outspoken anticommunist.
Archery at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Mixed team
The mixed team archery competition at the 2014 Youth Summer Olympics took place from 22–24 August in Nanjing, China.

All 64 archers who qualified for the individual rounds entered the competition, which consisted of a 72-arrow 70m ranking round (60m for girls) followed by a knockout tournament based on the Olympic scoring system, with each match competed over four sets. Unlike other World Archery competitions, the mixed team competition is not competed by teams from the same nation, but from teams compiled on the basis of their total ranking round score in an attempt to make teams even.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
172nd Cavalry Regiment
The 172nd Cavalry Regiment is an armored cavalry regiment of the Vermont Army National Guard, with one battalion currently active. First organized in 1861, the regiment has seen combat in the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, and the war on terror. Originally an infantry regiment, elements of the unit were consolidated with an antiaircraft unit in 1959 and converted into an armored regiment. In 1964, the remainder of the 172nd Infantry was consolidated with the 172nd Armor, as an armored regiment.

In 2007, the regiment was retitled cavalry. In 1982, a new infantry unit designated the 172nd Infantry Regiment was organized in the Vermont Army National Guard, but it does not share the lineage of the previous 172nd Infantry/Cavalry, only the numerical designation.

Bennington, Vermont
Bennington is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. It is one of two shire towns (county seats) of the county, the other being Manchester. As of the 2020 US Census, the population was 15,333. Bennington is the most populous town in southern Vermont, the second-largest town in Vermont (after Colchester) and the fifth-largest municipality in the state.

The town is home to the Bennington Battle Monument, which is the tallest human-made structure in the state of Vermont. The town has a long history of manufacturing, primarily within wood processing. The town is also recognized nationally for its pottery, iron, and textiles.
Elliott Mountain
Elliot Mountain is a prominent mountain summit in the San Miguel Mountains of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12,346-foot (3,763 m) peak is located in San Juan National Forest, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-northwest (bearing 335°) of the Town of Rico in Dolores County, Colorado, United States.

Rico, Colorado
Rico is a town in Dolores County, Colorado, United States. It was settled in 1879 as a silver mining center in the Pioneer Mining District; today it functions as a historic and tourism site. The population was 288 at the 2020 census. Its current form of government is that of a home rule municipality.

Rico is a name derived from Spanish meaning "rich".
Explicit formulae for L-functions
In mathematics, the explicit formulae for L-functions are relations between sums  over the complex number zeroes of an L-function and sums over prime powers, introduced  by Riemann (1859)  for the Riemann zeta function.  Such explicit formulae have been applied also to questions on bounding the discriminant of an algebraic number field, and the conductor of a number field.

Von Mangoldt function
In mathematics, the von Mangoldt function is an arithmetic function named after German mathematician Hans von Mangoldt. It is an example of an important arithmetic function that is neither multiplicative nor additive.
Lake End, Louisiana
Lake End is an unincorporated community in the southern part of Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is located off Interstate 49 (exit 155) near the intersection of Louisiana Highway 1 and Louisiana Highway 174.

Louisiana Highway 1
Louisiana Highway 1 (LA 1) is a state highway in Louisiana.  At 431.88 miles (695.04 km), it is the longest numbered highway of any class in Louisiana.  It runs diagonally across the state, connecting the oil and gas fields near the island of Grand Isle with the northwest corner of the state, north of Shreveport.

The part south of U.S. Highway 90 near Raceland is Corridor 44, a National Highway System High Priority Corridor. From Alexandria to Shreveport, the LA 1 corridor was used for Interstate 49.

Between New Roads, Louisiana, and the interchange with Interstate 49 at Alexandria, Louisiana, LA 1 forms part of the Zachary Taylor Parkway.
Hooker reaction
In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.

Mechanistically oxidation causes ring-cleavage at the alkene group, extrusion of carbon dioxide in decarboxylation with subsequent ring-closure.

Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, which dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−4 ions to give an intensely pink to purple solution.

Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also traditionally as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has a great variety of niche uses such as biocide for water treatment purposes and for tanning and dyeing cloth. In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tons.

It is also referred to as chameleon mineral, Condy's crystals, permanganate of potash, hypermangan, purple potion powder, permanganic acid (potassium salt), and purple salt.
Haplogroup G-P303
In human genetics, Haplogroup G-P303 (G2a2b2a, formerly G2a3b1) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G (Y-DNA) (M201).  In descending order, G-P303 is additionally a branch of G2 (P287), G2a (P15), G2a2, G2a2b, G2a2b2, and finally G2a2b2a. This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and the Black Sea. To the east, G-P303 is found among G persons across the Middle East, Iran, the southern Caucasus area, China, and India. G-P303 exhibits its highest diversity in the Levant.

FamilyTreeDNA
FamilyTreeDNA is a division of Gene by Gene, a commercial genetic testing company based in Houston, Texas.  FamilyTreeDNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, Y-DNA, and mitochondrial DNA to individuals for genealogical purpose. With a database of more than two million records, it is the most popular company worldwide for Y-DNA and mitochondrial DNA, and the fourth most popular for autosomal DNA. In Europe, it is the most common also for autosomal DNA. FamilyTreeDNA as a division of Gene by Gene were acquired by MYDNA, Inc., an Australian company, in January 2021.
Nick Talley
Nicholas Talley is an Australian gastroenterologist, epidemiologist, researcher, and clinical educator. Most of his work centers on FGIDs. He currently serves as Distinguished Laureate Professor at the University of Newcastle, Australia and as Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina, USA. He is also Director, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Transforming Gut Health and an NHMRC Leadership Fellow. He currently works as Senior Staff Specialist at John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.

Functional gastrointestinal disorder
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), also known as disorders of gut–brain interaction, include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and involve visceral hypersensitivity and motility disturbances.
Donkey Rider
The Donkey Rider is a watercolor created in 1914 by the German Expressionist painter August Macke. It was created during the art-historically significant trip to Tunisia that he took with fellow painters Paul Klee and Louis Moilliet in April 1914. The watercolor is in a private collection.

Louis Moilliet
Louis Moilliet (October 6, 1880 – August 24, 1962) was an artist from Switzerland who was noted as a painter and stained glass designer.  He was lifelong friends with fellow artists Paul Klee and August Macke, spending time painting and traveling with them in Tunisia 1914 and introducing Klee into the group Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) earlier in 1911.  His expressionist painting style was closely connected with that of the Orphism movement.  One of his more popular works is titled "In The Circus".