hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Cuthill
Elizabeth Hahnemann Cuthill (October 16, 1923 – January 11, 2011) was an American applied mathematician and numerical analyst known for her work on sparse matrix algorithms, on block iterative methods for the numerical approximation of differential equations, and on the development of computer simulations of nuclear reactors. She was a researcher for the United States Navy at the David Taylor Model Basin. The Cuthill–McKee algorithm and reverse Cuthill–McKee algorithm are heuristics for permuting matrices into forms with small bandwidth and for associated problems in graph bandwidth, named for the work of Cuthill with James McKee.[C]

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Gustav Meier
Gustav Meier (13 August 1929 – 26 May 2016) was a Swiss-born conductor and director of the Orchestra Conducting Program at the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University. He was also Music Director of the Greater Bridgeport Symphony Orchestra in Connecticut, for more than 40 years (1972–2013).

Claudio Abbado
Claudio Abbado OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo abˈbaːdo]; 26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor who was one of the leading conductors of his generation. He served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, founder and director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, founder and director of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, founding artistic director of the Orchestra Mozart and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra. He was recipient of the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize and Senator for life in Italy.
Registax
RegiStax is image processing software for amateur astrophotographers, released as freeware, designed to run under Windows, but which also runs on Linux, under wine.

Its purpose is to produce enhanced images of astronomic observations through combining consecutive photographs (an image "stack") of the same scene that were taken over a short period of time.  The process relies on the subject (e.g. a planet) being unchanged between photographs, so that any differences can be assumed to be random noise or atmospheric interference.

The stack of images can be in the form of individual consecutive shots or from frames of a movie camera trained on the scene.

Film frame
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture. The term is derived from the historical development of film stock, in which the sequentially recorded single images look like a framed picture when examined individually.

The term may also be used more generally as a noun or verb to refer to the edges of the image as seen in a camera viewfinder or projected on a screen. Thus, the camera operator can be said to keep a car in frame by panning with it as it speeds past.
Mongkol Borei
Mongkol Borei can refer to:

Mongkol Borei District, a district of Banteay Meanchey Province in north eastern Cambodia

Mongkol Borei River, a river that flows through the district to the Tonle Sap

Mongkol Borei (town), the capital of Mongkol Borei District

Mongkol Borey River
The Mongkol Borey River (Khmer: ស្ទឹងមង្គលបុរី [Mang Kul Buo Rei], lit. 'City of Happiness') is a river in Mongkol Borey District in Banteay Meanchey Province in northwestern Cambodia. It flows from the border of Chanthaburi Province of Thailand and runs through Mongkol Borey and neighboring districts. It is a major tributary of the Tonlé Sap.
Chalk Farm Salvation Army Band
The Chalk Farm Band is brass band of the Salvation Army located at the Salvation Army Centre in Haverstock Hill, Chalk Farm, London, England. It is one of the best known brass bands of the Salvation Army in the UK.

Haverstock
Haverstock is an area of the London Borough of Camden: specifically the east of Belsize Park, north of Chalk Farm and west of Kentish Town.  It is centred on Queens Crescent and Malden Road. Gospel Oak is to the north, Camden Town to the south.
A Summer Tale
A Summer Tale is a 2000 comedy-drama. Its original Swedish title is Den bästa sommaren, which means "The Best Summer". Written and directed by Ulf Malmros, the film stars Kjell Bergqvist, Rebecca Scheja, Cecilia Nilsson, and Brasse Brännström, and was produced by Zentropa and Memfis Film.

Zentropa
Zentropa, or Zentropa Entertainments, is a Danish film company started in 1992 by director Lars von Trier and producer Peter Aalbæk Jensen. Zentropa is named after the train company Zentropa in the film Europa (1991), which started the collaboration between von Trier and Jensen.
Carol C. Johnson
Carol C. Johnson (born January 28, 1941) is a politician in the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. She was the last person and the only woman to serve as Minnesota State Treasurer before the office was abolished in 2003. Before she assumed the office in 1999, she served as an assistant to the previous treasurer, Michael A. McGrath. She had also served in a number of local government positions in Bloomington, Minnesota.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Etched (company)
Etched.ai Inc. is an American semiconductor start-up that is designing custom ASICs for artificial intelligence (AI) workloads; its first generation product is Sohu, the first chip purpose built for transformer AI architecture, the kinds of large language models that power not only ChatGPT, but Anthropic PBC’s Claude and Google LLC's Gemini, as well as image generators such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion.

Founded in 2022 by three Harvard University drop-outs, Gavin Uberti, Chris Zhu and Robert Wachen, the company raised US$120 million in a Series A round in June 2024 to fabricate its first chips at TSMC. The round was co-led by venture-capital firms Primary Venture Partners and Patrick O'Shaughnessy's Positive Sum Ventures. Other investors include ex-GitHub CEO Thomas Dohmke, Peter Thiel, and Replit CEO Amjad Masad.

Neural processing unit
A neural processing unit (NPU), also known as an AI accelerator or deep learning processor, is a class of specialized hardware accelerator or computer system designed to accelerate artificial intelligence and machine learning applications, including artificial neural networks and computer vision.
Chicago Tunnel Company
The Chicago Tunnel Company was the builder and operator of a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway freight tunnel network under downtown Chicago, Illinois.  This was regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission as an interurban even though it operated entirely under central Chicago, did not carry passengers, and was entirely underground.  It inspired the construction of the London Post Office Railway.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts (JLA) is a quarterly, student-edited law review published at Columbia Law School. The Journal publishes articles and notes dedicated to in-depth coverage of current legal issues in the art, entertainment, sports, intellectual property, and communications industries. It features contributions by scholars, judges, practitioners, and students.

JLA is affiliated with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media, and the Arts and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Society at Columbia Law School. Its Board of Advisors currently includes Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh, June M. Besek, Professor Jane C. Ginsburg,  Trey Hatch, Adria G. Kaplan, Philippa Loengard, and David Leichtman. Past members of the Board of Advisors include Gilbert S. Edelson and Morton L. Janklow.

Jane C. Ginsburg
Jane Carol Ginsburg FBA (born July 21, 1955) is an American attorney. She is the Morton L. Janklow Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law at the Columbia Law School. She also directs the law school's Kernochan Center for Law, Media and the Arts. In 2011, Ginsburg was elected to the British Academy.

Ginsburg is the daughter of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Mustafa Denizli
Mustafa Denizli (born 10 November 1949) is a Turkish football coach and former player. He has managed many  notable Turkish football clubs, including "Istanbul Big Three" (Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Beşiktaş) and has won the Süper Lig title three times. He is the only manager in history to win the Süper Lig with three clubs, and the only manager who reached semi-finals in the European Cup 1988-89 - which make him one the top 3 coaches of Turkey along with Fatih Terim and Şenol Güneş.

Football in Turkey
Football is the most popular sport in Turkey, followed by basketball, tracing its roots to the Ottoman Empire. Approximately three-quarters of the Turkish people are interested in football.

The first matches were played in Ottoman Salonica in 1875. The sport was introduced by English residents. The Turkish football league system comprises five professional leagues, one of which is dedicated to female athletes.
Bousquet
Bousquet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolphe Bousquet (1899–1972), French rugby union player

Don Bousquet (born 1948), American cartoonist

Francis Bousquet (1890–1942), French composer and music teacher

Frédérick Bousquet (born 1981), French swimmer

Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910), French engineer for Chemin de Fer du Nord

Georges-Henri Bousquet (1900–1978), French jurist, economist and Islamologist

Jacques Bousquet (1883–1939), French actor and writer

Joë Bousquet (1897–1950), French poet

Julian Bousquet (born 1991), French rugby league player

Marie-Louise Bousquet (1885–1975), French fashion journalist; wife of the playwright Jacques Bousquet (1883–1939)

Raymond Henry Bousquet (1905–1935), birth name of Canadian boxer Del Fontaine

René Bousquet (1909–1993), French civil servant, who served as secretary general to the Vichy regime police

Rufus Bousquet (born 1958), Saint Lucian politician

Shirley Bousquet (born 1976), French actress

Adolphe Bousquet
Adolphe René Bousquet (14 August 1899 – 17 March 1972) was a French rugby union player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Béziers and died in Béziers. He won the silver medal as member of the French team in 1920 as well as in 1924.
Skultorp
Skultorp (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈskɵ̌lːtɔrp]) is a locality situated in Skövde Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 3,642 inhabitants in 2010.

On February 20, 1965, a major train accident in Skultorp claimed 10 lives. A passenger train ran into another non-moving passenger train.

It is home to Billingsdalsskolan, a prominent elementary school in the region.

Skövde Municipality
Skövde Municipality (Swedish: Skövde kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Skövde.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the City of Skövde was amalgamated with five surrounding municipalities. The number of original entities (as of 1863) is nearly 30. They had in 1952 been reduced to six.
Semiplotus manipurensis
Semiplotus manipurensis is a species of cyprinid in the genus Semiplotus, that inhabits Manipur, India. Unsexed males have a maximum length of 18.5 centimetres (7.3 in). It is classified as "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List and is considered harmless to humans.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Swedish Cricket Federation
Cricket Sweden (Swedish: Svenska Cricketförbundet) was established in 1990, and is the administrative organisation for all cricket in Sweden. The Swedish Cricket Federation is an associate member of the International Cricket Council. In 1998, there were approx. 500 registered cricket players in Sweden. In 2016 Radio Sweden reported there was an estimated 55 teams and 3,000 registered players; the surge, similar to that in Germany, has been attributed to an influx of immigrants from Afghanistan and other cricket-loving countries. The social side of the game has been praised for its ability to integrate new arrivals. In 2015 the Swedish Cricket Federation joined the Swedish Sports Confederation. While gaining in popularity, it is said that the game still lags behind cricket in Norway in popularity.

Cricket in Norway
Cricket in Norway represents cricket's most northern stations. The game has a solid and developing situation in the country, but most players of the sport are from or descended from South Asia, and the player base among Norwegians is low.

The Norwegian Cricket Board became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000, and the Norway national cricket team played its first international match later that year. Most of the side's matches have been against members of the European Cricket Council (ECC), although in more recent years Norway has fielded sides in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League (WCL). The team's current head coach is Muhammad Haroon, a former first-class player in Pakistan, who was appointed in early 2014. In September 2018, Norway qualified from Group C of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier
Chester-class cruiser
The three Chester-class cruisers were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as fast "scout cruisers" for fleet reconnaissance. They had high speed but little armor or armament. They were authorized in January 1904, ordered in fiscal year 1905, and completed in 1908. In 1920 all scout cruisers were redesignated as "light cruisers" (CL).

Birmingham was the first ship in the world to launch an airplane, in 1910 with pilot Eugene Ely, who also performed the first landing on a ship the following year, on USS Pennsylvania. The class patrolled the Caribbean prior to World War I, sometimes supporting military interventions, with Chester playing a key role at the start of the United States occupation of Veracruz in 1914. The ships escorted convoys in World War I. The class was decommissioned 1921-1923 and sold for scrap to comply with the limits of the London Naval Treaty in 1930.

Battle of Veracruz (1914)
The Battle of Veracruz  was a military conflict between the United States and Mexico that took place in the Mexican port city of Veracruz between April 21 to November 23, 1914.

The incident occurred in the midst of tense diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution.  It began with an occupation in response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914, where Mexican forces had detained nine American sailors, further worsened relations, and led to widespread anti-Americanism in Mexico.
Legal Education Eligibility Test
The Legal Education Eligibility Test (LEET) is an examination which will be administered by the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE), intended to provide law schools in the Republic of Korea an evaluation metric to measure reading and reasoning skills required for successful legal education.  The exam is similar in goal and content with the Public Service Aptitude Test (PSAT) administered as a part of the Korean civil service exams.  The Law School Admission Test of the United States and Canada serves as the model for the test.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Common Hardware Reference Platform
Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP) is a standard system architecture for PowerPC-based computer systems published jointly by IBM and Apple in 1995.  Like its predecessor PReP, it was conceptualized as a design to allow various operating systems to run on an industry standard hardware platform, and specified the use of Open Firmware and RTAS for machine abstraction purposes.

Systems architecture
A system architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and views of a system. An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.

A system architecture can consist of system components and the sub-systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. There have been efforts to formalize languages to describe system architecture, collectively these are called architecture description languages (ADLs).
Antofagastaichthys
Antofagastaichthys is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in what is now Chile during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. It contains one species, A. mandibularis, which is known from several fragmentary specimens discovered in the El Profeta Formation of Antofagasta Province.

The relationships of Antofagastaichthys to other fishes is uncertain; it has been compared to both Pachyrhizodontoidei (an extinct group of basal teleosts mostly known from the Cretaceous) and the extant order Elopiformes (which includes the modern ladyfish and tarpons).

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Netscape Mail & Newsgroups
Netscape Mail and Newsgroups, commonly known as just Netscape Mail, was an email and news client produced by Netscape Communications Corporation as part of the Netscape series of suites between versions 2.0 to 7.2. In the 2.x and 3.x series, it was bundled with the web browser. In the 4.x series, it was rewritten as two separate programs known as  Netscape Messenger and Netscape Collabra.

Newsreader (Usenet)
A newsreader is a software 
 application that reads articles on Usenet distributed throughout newsgroups. Newsreaders act as clients which connect to a news server, via the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), to download articles and post new articles. In addition to text-based articles, Usenet is also used to distribute binary files, generally in dedicated "binaries" newsgroups.

The term newsreader is sometimes (erroneously) used interchangeably with news aggregator.

Newsreaders that help users to adhere to the established conventions of Usenet, known as netiquette, are evaluated by the Good Netkeeping Seal of Approval (GNKSA).
All Visible Objects
All Visible Objects is the seventeenth studio album by American musician and singer-songwriter Moby, released on May 15, 2020 on Little Idiot and Mute Records. The album includes the singles "Power Is Taken", "Too Much Change", "My Only Love", "Morningside", "Rise Up in Love", "Forever", “Tecie" and “Refuge”.

Westside Boogie
Anthony Tremaine Dixson (born August 30, 1989), known professionally as Westside Boogie (stylised in all capitals; formerly known as Boogie), is an American rapper. His debut mixtape, Thirst 48, was released on June 24, 2014, followed by his second, The Reach a year later. He signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2015, which entered a joint venture with Eminem's Shady Records two years later. His debut studio album, Everythings for Sale, was released on January 25, 2019. His second album, More Black Superheroes was released on June 17, 2022.
Sàbat Hill
Sàbat Hill (Bulgarian: хълм Сабат, ‘Halm Sàbat’ \'h&lm 'sa-bat\) is the ice-free hill rising to 151 m in Dospey Heights on the Ray Promontory of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Richards Cove to the west-northwest and Barclay Bay to the east.

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, situated in one of its restricted zones.

The hill is named after Francesc Sàbat from Juan Carlos I Base who, together with Jorge Enrique, made the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) on 30 December 1991.

Ray Promontory
Ray Promontory is the 7 km long and 2.8 km wide promontory lying between Barclay Bay and the New Plymouth sound, and forming the northwest part of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica ending up in Start Point and Essex Point.  The promontory's interior is mostly occupied by Dospey Heights.

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, forming in one of its two restricted zones.

The feature is named after the American Captain Nathaniel Ray, Master of the sealing schooner Harmony which operated in the islands in 1820-21 .