hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red-faced cisticola
The red-faced cisticola (Cisticola erythrops) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is widely present across sub-Saharan Africa (rare in southern Africa). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and swamps.

Cisticolidae
The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae.

This family probably originated in Africa, which has the majority of species, but there are representatives of the family across tropical Asia into Australasia, and one species, the zitting cisticola, breeds in Europe.

These are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.
Quercus oxyodon
Quercus oxyodon is a tree species in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to the Himalayas (Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Tibet, Myanmar) and to the mountains of southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang) and the Sa Pa region of northern Vietnam (as Q. songtavanensis).  It is placed in the subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus oxyodon is a tree up to 20 m tall. Leaves can be as much as 220 mm long.

Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three sub-regions: the Northwest (vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng bằng sông Hồng). Unlike tropical Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.

The region was historically referred to by various names in Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ during the Nguyễn dynasty, Bắc Bộ from 1945 to the present (encompassing the Empire of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and Bắc Phần, sometimes Bắc Việt, during the State of Vietnam.

It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
Faryd Mondragón
Faryd Camilo Mondragón Alí (born 21 June 1971) is a Colombian retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

In a club career that started and ended at his hometown club Deportivo Cali, Mondragón also had two spells at Argentine club Independiente. In European football, he had brief spells with Zaragoza in La Liga and Metz in Ligue 1, as well as a full decade split between Galatasaray in the Turkish Süper Lig and 1. FC Köln in the Bundesliga.

In a 21-year international career that started in 1993, he played 51 times for the Colombia national team. He was named in the Colombia squads for the 1992 Olympics, two Copa América tournaments, two CONCACAF Gold Cups, and the World Cups of 1994, 1998 and 2014. On 24 June 2014, Mondragón became the oldest player to play a FIFA World Cup match at the age of 43 years and 3 days, a record that was broken four years later by 45-year-old Egyptian goalkeeper Essam El Hadary.

Turkish Cup
The Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) is an annual football cup competition in Turkey, organised by the Turkish Football Federation since 1962. During a period of sponsorship by Fortis, the competition was temporarily known as the Fortis Turkish Cup (Turkish: Fortis Türkiye Kupası). It is currently sponsored by the state-owned bank Ziraat Bankası and officially called the Ziraat Turkish Cup (Turkish: Ziraat Türkiye Kupası).

The tournament has been held under various formats, including a traditional knockout competition and group stages on an experimental basis. An expanded format was introduced for the 2012–13 season, with a record 156 teams participating. The structure included a round-robin group stage following five knockout rounds, with group winners and runners-up advancing to the semi-finals and final. The current holders of the cup are Galatasaray S.K..
Haraldfjellet
Haraldfjellet is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located in the northern part of Carlsfjella and has a height of 849 m.a.s.l. It forms a nunatak surrounded by the three glaciers Konowbreen, Løvenskioldfonna and Osbornebreen. The mountain is named after Norwegian landowner Harald Løvenskiold.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Foreign Policy Initiative
The Foreign Policy Initiative (FPI) was an American right-wing, specifically neo-conservative, think tank that operated from 2009 to 2017. In many ways it was a successor organization to Project for the New American Century.

FPI's Board of Directors consisted of former Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Eric S. Edelman, Dan Senor, former editor of the now-defunct The Weekly Standard Bill Kristol, and Brookings Institution Senior Fellow Robert Kagan. The latter two were project directors of the neoconservative Project for the New American Century.

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
The United States under secretary of defense for policy (USDP) is a high level civilian official in the United States Department of Defense. The under secretary of defense for policy is the principal staff assistant and adviser to both the secretary of defense and the deputy secretary of defense for all matters concerning the formation of national security and defense policy.

The under secretary is normally appointed from civilian life by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Swimming at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay event at the 1964 Olympic Games took place on 16 October (qualification) and 18 October (final). This swimming event uses medley swimming as a relay. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool, each using a different stroke. The first on each team used the backstroke, the second used the breaststroke, the third used the butterfly stroke, and the final swimmer used freestyle (restricted to not allow any of the first three strokes to be used, though nearly all swimmers use front crawl regardless).

The first swimmer must touch the wall before the next can leave the starting block, and so forth; timing of the starts is thus important.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
United States Attorney for the Western District of New York
The United States attorney for the Western District of New York is the chief federal law enforcement officer in seventeen New York counties: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Ontario, Orleans, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yates.

The U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York has jurisdiction over all cases prosecuted by the U.S. attorney. As of February 28, 2025 the U.S. attorney is Michael DiGiacomo, who was appointed by Pam Bondi.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
Lester Sickels
Lester Sickels (27 June 1909 – 21 March 2001) was an American politician.

Sickels was born on a farm near Grant City, Missouri, on 27 June 1909. His family soon moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, where he spent most of his life and later ran his own farm. He served on the local and county boards of education for thirteen and twelve years, respectively. Some of Sickels's school board tenures overlapped with his service on the Iowa House of Representatives. Between 1959 and 1963, he represented House District 7 as a Republican. After stepping down from the state legislature, Sickels was appointed to a citizen's advocacy committee that predated and, in 1979, became the fifth judicial district's board of corrections, on which he remained until 1984. Sickels died at the age of 92 on 21 March 2001.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
The Postman Always Rings Twice
The Postman Always Rings Twice may mean:

The Postman Always Rings Twice (novel), a 1934 crime novel by James M. Cain
The Postman Always Rings Twice (play), his play (1936) based on the novel
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946 film), a drama-film noir based on the novel
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981 film), a drama based on the novel
The Postman Always Rings Twice (opera), a 1982 opera based on the novel

The Postman Always Rings Twice (play)
The Postman Always Rings Twice is a play by James M. Cain, based on his best-selling 1934 novel The Postman Always Rings Twice. The work was first performed at the Lyceum Theatre in New York City in 1936. The play saw a brief revival in 1953.
Donisthorpe (surname)
Donisthorpe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Horace Donisthorpe (1870–1951), British myrmecologist and coleopterist

Richard Donisthorpe, (fl. 1797) (usually Richard Donisthorp), English clockmaker

Wordsworth Donisthorpe (1847–1914), English individualist, anarchist and inventor

Martin Donisthorpe Armstrong, English writer

G. Sheila Donisthorpe (1898-1946), English novelist and playwright

Martin Armstrong (writer)
Martin Donisthorpe Armstrong (2 October 1882 – 24 February 1974) was an English writer and poet, known for his stories.

Armstrong was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, and educated at Charterhouse and Pembroke College, Cambridge.

During World War I he volunteered with the British Army and served in France as a Private in the Artists' Rifles. He was commissioned into the 8th Battalion Middlesex Regiment, T.F. in 1915 and promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in 1916. He was included in the final Georgian Poetry anthology.

He married in 1929 Canadian writer Jessie McDonald after she had divorced Conrad Aiken, making Armstrong the stepfather of the young Joan Aiken. He appears in disguised form as a character in Conrad Aiken's Ushant.
Arthur Roche
Arthur Roche (born 6 March 1950) is a British bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church. He has been prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments since 2021. He was previously secretary of the congregation from 2012 to 2021.

Before his service in the Roman Curia, Roche was Bishop of Leeds from 2004 to 2012. He was coadjutor bishop of Leeds under Bishop David Konstant (2002–2004) and before that an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Westminster (2001–2002). He was appointed an archbishop when he joined the Roman Curia in 2012.

On 27 August 2022, Pope Francis elevated him to the College of Cardinals.

College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (Latin: Collegium Cardinalium), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, of whom 121 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, cardinals serve for life, but become ineligible to participate in a papal conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs.

Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils ratified by the pope, and the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900, nearly half of whom were created after 1655. This number excludes possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty.
Mohamed Rela
Mohamed Rela is an Indian surgeon and expert in liver transplantation and hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. He is considered one of the world's best liver transplant surgeons. He is in the Guinness Book of Records for performing a liver transplant on a 5-day-old baby.

He is the chairman and director of Dr Rela Hospital, India and the Professor of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, at the King's College Hospital, London.

Liver transplantation
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person (allograft). Liver transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure, although the availability of donor organs is a major limitation. Liver transplantation is highly regulated and only performed at designated transplant medical centers by highly trained transplant physicians. Favorable outcomes require careful screening for eligible recipients, as well as a well-calibrated live or deceased donor match.
Francesco Graziani (baritone)
Francesco Graziani (April 26, 1828 – June 30, 1901) was an Italian baritone and voice teacher. Graziani has been called the first modern baritone because his vocal attributes were well suited to the high-lying operatic parts composed by Giuseppe Verdi, with whom he worked.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Bison Film Company
Bison Film Company, also known as 101 Bison Film Company, was an American film studio established in 1909 and disestablished in 1917.

It partnered with Miller Brothers 101 Ranch to lease 20,000 acres to build a Western town set and an Indian village and make silent films with stars including Tom Mix, Buck Jones, Hoot Gibson and Will Rogers. It produced The Indian Massacre (1912), by Thomas H. Ince.

In 1912 it also produced The Indian Raiders, Early Days in the West, Hunted Down, A Daughter of the Redskins, The Cowboy Guardians, The Tribal Law, An Indian Outcast; in 1913 it produced In Love and War, Woman and War; and in 1915 Lone Larry, starring Kingsley Benedict.

Henry MacRae
Henry Alexander MacRae (August 29, 1876 – October 2, 1944) was a Canadian film director, producer, and screenwriter during the silent era, working on many film serials for Universal Studios. One of a number of Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, MacRae was credited with many innovations in film production, including artificial light for interiors, the wind machine, double exposures and shooting at night.
Ed Schrader's Music Beat
Ed Schrader's Music Beat is an American two piece rock duo of Ed Schrader and Devlin Rice from Baltimore, Maryland. According to The Boston Hassle, the duo has "a gas pedal/brake pedal sonic narrative, careening without warning between cross-eyed tantrums and sultry, eyebrow-cocked croons." They have released albums on Infinity Cat Recordings, Load Records, Upset The Rhythm, and Famous Class Records. Touring with bands such as Future Islands, Ceremony, and Wye Oak, the duo has been described as "one of contemporary punk’s best examples of testing the possibilities"  and has performed across the U.S. and Europe.

Undertow Brass Band
Undertow Brass Band (formerly What Cheer? Brigade) is a brass band with approximately 18 active members from Providence, Rhode Island, United States. They perform using exclusively brass instruments, saxophones, and drums in a variety of world styles, such as Indian Bollywood music, Balkan brass, klezmer, as well as American styles such as hip hop, rock, and New Orleans second line music.
Alan Kadish
Alan H. Kadish (born August 18, 1956), is the second president of Touro University. Kadish succeeded Touro's founder, Rabbi Bernard Lander, who died on February 8, 2010. Kadish came to Touro in 2009 as senior provost and chief operating officer. At the time of his appointment, Touro's Board of Trustees stated that Kadish eventually would succeed Lander as president.

Bernard Lander
Bernard Lander (June 17, 1915 – February 8, 2010), founder and first president of Touro College, was a rabbi, social scientist and educator, a leader in the Jewish community and a pioneer in Jewish and general higher education.
1972 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German author Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature." Böll is the fifth German author to be recipient of the prize.

Group Portrait with Lady (novel)
Group Portrait with Lady (German: Gruppenbild mit Dame) is a 1971 novel by Nobel Prize winning author Heinrich Böll. The novel is concerned with a woman named Leni Pfieffer (née Gruyten) who faces eviction from her apartment building in Cologne. It structured as a report compiled from interviews conducted by an unnamed author with Leni’s friends, family, employers, coworkers, and others, forming a detailed social portrait of life in Cologne from the 1910s to 1971. Like many of Böll's novels, there is a particular focus on representing the Nazi era from the perspective of ordinary people.

The Nobel Prize committee referred to Group Portrait with Lady as Böll’s "most grandly conceived work."

The novel was adapted into a film in 1977.
Richard Funk
Richard Funk (born November 22, 1992, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian breaststroke swimmer.

Funk was a triple medallist at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto. In April 2017, Funk was named to Canada's 2017 World Aquatics Championships team in Budapest, Hungary.

Canada at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships
Canada competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.

Canada was scheduled to compete in all six disciplines and its team consisted of 84 athletes (31 men and 53 women). However, only 83 competed across five disciplines because high diver Lysanne Richard withdrew from competition.
1988 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1988 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 43rd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

The final was held at the Vojens Speedway Center, owned by former World Champion Ole Olsen. Despite the country having won seven World Individual Championships between three riders since 1971 (Olsen, Erik Gundersen and Hans Nielsen), it was the first time Denmark hosted the World Final.

Gundersen renewed his fierce rivalry with Nielsen as both finished on 14 points to tie for the lead of the Championship. However it was Gundersen that won the toss to choose his starting gate for the run-off. He chose the outside and on a wet track he won his third title by defeating Nielsen in the run-off. Fellow Dane Jan O. Pedersen completed a clean sweep for Denmark by taking the bronze medal.

Blijham
Blijham (Dutch pronunciation: [blɛiˈɦɑm]) is a village with a population of 2,240 in the municipality of Westerwolde in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The origins of the settlement date back to the 11th century. Until 1968, Blijham was part of the municipality of Wedde. Until 2017, it was part of the municipality of Bellingwedde.
Placentalia
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia /plæsənˈteɪliə/) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the vast majority of extant mammals, which are partly distinguished from monotremes and marsupials in that the fetus is carried in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development. The name is something of a misnomer, considering that marsupials also nourish their fetuses via a placenta, though for a relatively briefer period, giving birth to less-developed young, which are then nurtured for a period inside the mother's pouch. Placentalia represents the only living group within Eutheria, which contains all mammals that are more closely related to placentals than they are to marsupials.

Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be a word that is used incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect.