hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exilliteratur
German Exilliteratur (German pronunciation: [ɛˈksiːl.lɪtəʁaˌtuːɐ̯], exile literature) is the name for works of German literature written in the German diaspora by refugee authors who fled from Nazi Germany, Nazi Austria, and the occupied territories between 1933 and 1945. These dissident writers, poets and artists, many of whom were of Jewish ancestry or held anti-Nazi beliefs, fled into exile in 1933 after the Nazi Party came to power in Germany and after Nazi Germany annexed Austria by the Anschluss in 1938, abolished the freedom of press, and started to prosecute authors and ban works.

Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from the concepts of conquest, which describes the gaining of physical control, and cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty.

Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies.

The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using the word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel, Morocco and Russia, the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such.
Guilin Scenic Area
The scenic area of Guilin is a general term for tourism resources within  Guilin, including numerous attractions. Guilin's landscape has long been renowned for its "green hills, clear water, fantastic caves, and beautiful mountains". The region's natural scenery is characterized by its mountains, rivers, karst caves, historic sites and stone carvings. On June 24, 2014, Guilin, along with Shibing in Guizhou, Mount Jinfo in Chongqing and Huanjiang in Guangxi, was inscribed on the World Heritage List as part of the South China Karst at the 38th World Heritage Conference.

Lipu, Guangxi
Lipu (Chinese: 荔浦; pinyin: Lìpǔ) is a county-level city in the northeast of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Guilin City, the downtown of which is 100 km (62 mi) to the north.

Lipu has a population of 370,000 (2002). It covers an area of 1759 square kilometers. The seat of the city is at Lipu Town (荔浦镇).

Lipu is known as "China's hanger capital." The city is home to about 100 hanger companies, which have manufactured "billions" of clothes hangers that are used throughout the world, and distributed by companies such as Target and IKEA.

Other industries include a food processing plant which makes packaged snacks.

Fengyu Cave is found in Lipu.
Los Angeles Strings
The Los Angeles Strings were a team tennis franchise in TeamTennis. They were the namesake of the original Los Angeles Strings (1974–78) and were owned by Jerry Buss, who also owned the original team. The Strings played their home matches at The Forum in Inglewood, California. The Strings won the 1981 TeamTennis championship in their inaugural season, and followed up with a second title in 1990.

World Team Tennis suspended operations after the 1978 season, and all the franchises were terminated. The league restarted in 1981, under the new name TeamTennis, with four new expansion franchises, one of which was the Strings. Each team owner paid a US$75,000 franchise fee. Jerry Buss hired his daughter Jeanie Buss, who was 19 years old at the time, to be the general manager of the Strings.

The LA Strings lost the Buss family a total of $5 million including $200,000 in the first year, and $1 million in the second year.

Jerry Buss
Gerald Hatten Buss (January 27, 1933 – February 18, 2013) was an American businessman, investor, chemist, and philanthropist. He was the majority owner of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning 10 league championships that were highlighted by the team's Showtime era during the 1980s. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor. Buss owned other professional sports franchises in Southern California.
Nicholas Briot
Nicholas Briot (about 1579 – 24 December 1646) was a French-English coin engraver, medallist and mechanical engineer. Born in France, he emigrated to England and became chief engraver to the Royal Mint in 1633 and is credited with the invention of the coining-press.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
Urhan (Ireland)
Urhan or Urhin (Irish: Iorthan) is a townland in Ireland on the Beara Peninsula. The townland lies between Slieve Miskish and Coulagh Bay, along the coastal road between Allihies and Eyeries. It contains one pub, The Urhan Inn, and a national school. Urhan is also located along both the Ring of Beara and the Wild Atlantic Way.

Eyeries
Eyeries (historically spelt as it is pronounced, Irees or Iries; Irish: Na hAoraí) is a village and its hinterland, on the Beara Peninsula in County Cork, Ireland, near the border with County Kerry. It lies at the foot of a hilly area, with a beach nearby, and is home to several retail and tourist businesses.
Fred, Frihet & Alt Gratis
Fred, Frihet & Alt Gratis ("Peace, Freedom & Everything For Free") is an album released by the Norwegian hip hop group Gatas Parlament. It was released in August 2004.

The cover was made by Rolf Groven.

Aftenposten
Aftenposten (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈɑ̂ftn̩ˌpɔstn̩]; transl. "The Evening Post"; stylized as Aftenpoſten in the masthead) is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation as well as Norway's newspaper of record. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 daily copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million readers. It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005. Aftenposten's online edition is at Aftenposten.no.

Aftenposten is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norway's second largest newspaper, VG, is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015.

The paper has around 240 employees. Trine Eilertsen was appointed editor-in-chief in 2020.

Aftenposten has correspondents based in Kyiv, Brussels, Washington D.C, Moscow and Istanbul (2025).
1996 Trans America Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 1996 Trans America Athletic Conference baseball tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson in DeLand, Florida. This was the eighteenth tournament championship held by the Trans America Athletic Conference. UCF won their third tournament championship in four years, and second of three in a row, and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

1996 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 1996 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1996 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its fiftieth year.  Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event.  Each region was composed of six teams, resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament.  The fiftieth tournament's champion was LSU, coached by Skip Bertman.  The Most Outstanding Player was Pat Burrell of Miami (FL).
IBM 1620
The IBM 1620 was a model of scientific minicomputer produced by IBM. It was announced on October 21, 1959, and was then marketed as an inexpensive scientific computer. After a total production of about two thousand machines, it was withdrawn on November 19, 1970. Modified versions of the 1620 were used as the CPU of the IBM 1710 and IBM 1720 Industrial Process Control Systems (making it the first digital computer considered reliable enough for real-time process control of factory equipment).

Being variable-word-length decimal, as opposed to fixed-word-length pure binary, made it an especially attractive first computer to learn on –  and hundreds of thousands of students had their first experiences with a computer on the IBM 1620.

Core memory cycle times were 20 microseconds for the (earlier) Model I, 10 microseconds for the Model II (about a thousand times slower than typical computer main memory in 2006). The Model II was introduced in 1962.

Ring counter
A ring counter is a type of counter composed of flip-flops connected into a shift register, with the output of the last flip-flop fed to the input of the first, making a "circular" or "ring" structure.

There are two types of ring counters:

A straight ring counter, also known as a one-hot counter, connects the output of the last shift register to the first shift register input and circulates a single one (or zero) bit around the ring.

A twisted ring counter, also called switch-tail ring counter, walking ring counter, Johnson counter, or Möbius counter, connects the complement of the output of the last shift register to the input of the first register and circulates a stream of ones followed by zeros around the ring.
Carleton-Victoria
Carleton-Victoria is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries by combining portions of the Carleton and Victoria-Tobique electoral districts.

The district includes the northern parts of Carleton County and the southern and eastern parts of Victoria County.

Victoria-Tobique
Victoria-Tobique was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  This riding was created in the 1973 redistribution when New Brunswick moved to single member districts. It had previously been part of the Victoria district which returned two members.

The riding, which was not changed in the 1994 redistribution, is made up of the anglophone parts of Victoria County which are primarily along the Tobique River. It includes three incorporated municipalities: Perth-Andover, Plaster Rock, and Aroostook as well as the Tobique First Nation Indian reserve.

In 2006, it added small parts of Carleton County to its territory. It was abolished in the 2013 redistribution.
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1785)
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on November 8, 1785 in Fontainebleau between Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, and the States-General of the United Provinces. Based on the terms of the accord, the United Provinces could maintain sovereignty over the Scheldt Estuary but had to provide several concessions to the Habsburgs, including the payment of ten million Dutch florins and the dismemberment of certain military fortifications. Overall, the treaty confirmed and reinforced the tenets of the Treaty of Münster.

The treaty was signed after the Kettle War.

Scheldt
The Scheldt (/ʃɛlt, skɛlt/ SHELT, SKELT; French: Escaut [ɛsko] ⓘ; Dutch: Schelde [ˈsxɛldə] ⓘ) is a 435-kilometre-long (270 mi) river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, with its mouth at the North Sea. Its name is derived from an adjective corresponding to Old English sċeald ("shallow"), Modern English shoal, Low German schol, West Frisian skol, and obsolete Swedish skäll ("thin").
Da grande (film)
Da grande is a 1987 Italian comedy film directed by Franco Amurri, starring Renato Pozzetto, Ottavia Piccolo and Alessandro Haber.

Da grande is one of the coming-of-age comedies released in the late 1980s. It has been claimed to be the inspiration for Big, the 1988 international blockbuster directed by Penny Marshall and starring Tom Hanks.

Penny Marshall
Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, film director, and producer. She is best known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990) (which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture), A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996), and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man and Bewitched (both 2005), and directed episodes of the television series According to Jim and United States of Tara.
Dunmore, West Virginia
Dunmore is an unincorporated community in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States. Dunmore is located at the junction of state routes 28 and 92, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Marlinton. Dunmore has a post office with ZIP code 24934.

Some say the community has the name of the Earl of Dunmore, while others believe the place name is an amalgamation of Dunkum and Moore, early owners of the town site.

Earl of Dunmore
Earl of Dunmore is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.

The title Earl of Dunmore was created in 1686 for Lord Charles Murray, son of John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl. The title passed down through generations, with various earls serving in the House of Lords as Scottish Representative Peers and holding other political positions. The 4th Earl was a colonial governor in New York, Virginia, and the Bahamas, while the 5th Earl bought the Estate of Harris in 1834. The 7th Earl served under Benjamin Disraeli and was the Lord Lieutenant of Stirlingshire. The 8th Earl received the Victoria Cross and held political office as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms. The barony of Dunmore became extinct after the 9th Earl's death in 1980, but the other titles passed to his distant relatives in Tasmania, Australia. The family seat was located at Amhuinnsuidhe Castle on the Isle of Harris and Dunmore Tower near Falkirk.
Dirck Cornelis de Hooch
Dirk Cornelis de Hooch (1613–1651) was a 17th-century Dutch portrait painter, who lived and worked in The Hague (the Netherlands).

Born in 1613 at The Hague, he was a son of a Dutch bailiff, Cornelis de Hooch and his wife Jannetje Dirx van Doverschey. He was Gerrit de Hooch's uncle. He painted portraits and was a pupil of painter Pieter Quast. Dirk was a friend of Jan Jansz Buesem and Hans van Evelen (Ebeleyn), who both testified on his behalf in 1649. In 1645 he married Anna Heckselaer from Utrecht, widow of Pieter Hermensz Wolphes. Dirk Cornelisz murdered a fish seller called Stouthart in The Hague. Presumably for this reason, he fled to Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad), but is mentioned again in The Hague in 1651 repeatedly harassing verbally a certain Magdaleentje Ariens Colijns.

Bailiff
A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary.

Another official sometimes referred to as a bailiff was the Vogt. In the Holy Roman Empire a similar function was performed by the Amtmann. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and who also administers oaths to people who participate in court proceedings.
Christian Mikolajczak
Christian Mikolajczak (born 15 May 1981) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Mikolajczak began his professional football career with FC Schalke 04 where he would play in the Bundesliga. After making a few competitive appearances for Schalke, the club loaned him to Hannover 96. Shortly after, Mikolajczak left to spend the remainder of his football career in the 2. Bundesliga and 3. Liga.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
8AM in Charlotte
"8AM in Charlotte" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released through OVO Sound and Republic Records as the second single from his eighth studio album, For All the Dogs, on October 5, 2023, one day before the album was released. Drake wrote the song with producers Conductor Williams and Mario Luciano and additional producer Jason Wool, alongside L. Santi and Nichol Eskridge, due to it sampling "A Faithful Spirit", written by the latter. The song is a continuance of Drake's "[timestamp] in [city]" series of tracks.

OVO Sound
OVO Sound (short for October's Very Own) is a Canadian independent record label, founded in 2009 by rapper Drake, producer 40, and manager Oliver El-Khatib. The label operated as a subsidiary of Warner Music Group until 2022, after which it became an independent label.

The label has signed acts including PartyNextDoor, ILoveMakonnen, Majid Jordan, Roy Woods, Dvsn, Baka Not Nice, Alexander Slang, Popcaan, Smiley, Naomi Sharon, and Pimmie. In-house producers include 40 himself, Boi-1da, Nineteen85, Alexander Slang, Mike Zombie, and T-Minus.
Frozen dough
The frozen dough is dough that have been frozen in order to decouple the dough preparation and baking processes of breadmaking (without freezing, the dough must be used quickly once prepared). The frozen dough is used for home baking and by small bakeries, especially the supermarket deli ones, due to the simplicity of baking using the pre-made dough, especially for more complicated products (Danish pastries, croissants). The storage time for frozen dough is limited, although it is constantly increasing due to the improvements in manufacturing. As of 2013, the 16 weeks storage time was typical (lean doughs deteriorate quicker).

Delicatessen
A delicatessen or deli is a grocery store that sells a selection of fine, exotic, or foreign prepared foods. Delicatessens originated in Germany (contemporary spelling: Delikatessen) during the 18th century and spread to Canada and the United States in the mid-19th century. European immigrants to Canada and the United States, especially Ashkenazi Jews, popularized the delicatessen in North American culture beginning in the late 19th century. Today, many large retail stores like supermarkets have deli sections.
Atelopus moropukaqumir
Atelopus moropukaqumir is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Peru, where it was discovered in a cloud forest near Anchihuay in the department of Ayacucho, marking the first known Atelopus record from that region. It closely resembles Atelopus erythropus in appearance but differs in ventral coloration, skin texture, and snout shape. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatis, which has been implicated in the extinctions of other Atelopus species, was detected in some of the sampled individuals; however, the occurrence of the fungus was low, and did not seem to have any major impacts on the species; this could indicate that A. moropukaqumir has developed resistance to the disease.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Battle of Sadakhlo
The Battle of Sadakhlo was a military battle fought from 19 to 23 December 1918, between the First Republic of Armenia and the Democratic Republic of Georgia during the 1918 Armeno-Georgian war. The battle was one of the most significant events during the war between Armenia and Georgia.

Drastamat Kanayan
Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: Դրաստամատ Կանայեան; 31 May 1884 –  8 March 1956), better known as Dro (Դրո), was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He briefly served as Defence Minister of the First Republic of Armenia in 1920, during the country's brief independence. During World War II, he led the Armenian Legion, which consisted of Armenian POWs who opted to fight for Nazi Germany rather than face the brutal conditions of the Nazis' camps.
Édouard François
Édouard François (born April 2, 1957 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French architect known for his environmentally friendly buildings. He was described as "The Hero of Green Architecture" by the Financial Times for his Tower-Flower.

Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (French: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ; often colloquially simply Boulogne, until 1924 officially Boulogne-sur-Seine, [bulɔɲ syʁ sɛn], lit. 'Boulogne-on-Seine') is a wealthy and prestigious commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France, located 8.2 km (5 mi) from the centre of Paris at Notre Dame. It is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and thus the seat of the larger arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt. It is also part of the Métropole du Grand Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt includes one island in the Seine: Île Seguin.

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest regions in the Parisian area and in France. Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.
Fuzzy clustering
Fuzzy clustering (also referred to as soft clustering or soft k-means) is a form of clustering in which each data point can belong to more than one cluster.

Clustering or cluster analysis involves assigning data points to clusters such that items in the same cluster are as similar as possible, while items belonging to different clusters are as dissimilar as possible. Clusters are identified via similarity measures. These similarity measures include distance, connectivity, and intensity. Different similarity measures may be chosen based on the data or the application.

Unit of observation
In statistics, a unit of observation (or individual) is the unit described by the data that one analyzes. A study may treat groups as a unit of observation with a country as the unit of analysis, drawing conclusions on group characteristics from data collected at the national level. For example, in a study of the demand for money, the unit of observation might be chosen as the individual, with different observations (data points) for a given point in time differing as to which individual they refer to; or the unit of observation might be the country, with different observations differing only in regard to the country they refer to.