hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Academic job market in Ethiopia
Academic job market in Ethiopia is under development in every higher education institution. The government of Ethiopia is improving the quality of employment for university graduate students to achieve favorable market system and reduce poverty. This, however, obstructed by shortage of skilled manpower as higher education institutions produce graduate students every year.

According to the World Bank, the government had invested 42% of total education budget on employing mechanism over the last two decades. Nonetheless, unemployment rate is increasing: from 2.6% in 2014 to 6.61% in 2018. Preventions of proliferating unemployment rate includes creating various workshops and events, by organizing networking workshops that contacts students with prospective employees, providing curriculum vitae writing and skilled training for unemployed and public works.

Academic job market
Academic job market refers to the pool of vacant teaching and administrative positions in Academia, i.e. in academic institutions of higher education such as universities and colleges, and also to the competition for these positions, and the mechanisms for advertising and filling them. This job market differs somewhat from other job markets because of such institutions as tenure. It is frequently a subject of debate relating to questions of openness, discrimination and reverse discrimination, and political interference.

The Academic job market, like the structure of academic careers, operates somewhat differently in different countries.

In 2022 Nature reports a wave of departures of scientists, which calls attention to widespread discontent in universities.
Ghana Movie Awards
Ghana Movie Awards is an annual film award to recognise excellence in the Ghanaian film industry. The first edition was held on 25 December 2010 at the Accra International Conference Center. It’s only in 2017 that the ceremony wasn’t held due to the franchise being given to Zylofon media that year. The Award Sheme was founded by Ghanaian actor Fred Nuamah in 2009.

Cinema of Ghana
The Ghanaian film industry, nicknamed Ghallywood, began when early film making was first introduced to the British colony of Gold Coast (now Ghana) in 1923. At the time only affluent people could see the films, especially the colonial master of Gold Coast. In the 1950s, the popularity of film making in Ghana began to increase. Cinemas were the primary venue for watching films until home video became more popular. The movie industry has no official name as yet since consultations and engagements with stakeholders has been ongoing when a petition was sent to the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture which suspended the use of the name Black Star Films.
Ryōichi Tanaka
Ryōichi Tanaka (田中 亮一, Tanaka Ryōichi, born January 26, 1947) is a Japanese actor and narrator. His late younger brother Kazumi Tanaka (田中 和実, August 11, 1951 - December 20, 2007) was also a voice actor. Tanaka is currently affiliated with Aoni Production.

He is most known for the roles of Akira Fudo (Devilman), Nobita Nobi's teacher Sensei (Doraemon), and Cancer Deathmask (Saint Seiya).

Cobra Commander
Cobra Commander is a fictional character and the main antagonist of the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero franchise. He is the supreme leader of the terrorist organization Cobra and the archenemy of the G.I. Joe Team. He was portrayed by Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, and by Luke Bracey with the voice of Robert Baker in the 2013 sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation.
Psalm 44
Psalm 44 is the 44th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and generally in its Latin translations, this psalm is Psalm 43. In the Vulgate, it begins "Deus auribus nostris audivimus patres nostri adnuntiaverunt". The psalm was composed by the sons of Korah and is classified in the series of lamentations of the people.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies and has often been set to music.

Pesukei dezimra
Pesukei dezimra (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פְּסוּקֵי דְזִמְרָא, romanized: pǝsuqē ḏǝzimrā, lit. 'Verses of praise'; Rabbinic Hebrew: פַּסוּקֵי הַזְּמִירוֹת pasuqẽ hazzǝmiroṯ "Verses of songs"), or zemirot as they are called by the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, are a group of prayers that may be recited during Shacharit (the morning set of prayers in Judaism). They consist of various blessings, psalms, and sequences of other Biblical verses. Historically, reciting pesuqe dezimra in morning prayer was only practiced by the especially pious. Throughout Jewish history, their recitation has become widespread among the various rites of Jewish prayer.

The goal of pesukei dezimra is for the individual to recite praises of God before making the requests featured later in Shacharit and the day.
Liberty Weekend
Liberty Weekend was a four-day celebration held to mark the 1984–86 restoration and the centenary of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) in New York City. It began on July 3, 1986, and ended on July 6.

Itzhak Perlman
Itzhak Perlman (Hebrew: יצחק פרלמן; born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist. He has performed worldwide and throughout the United States, in venues that have included a state dinner for Elizabeth II at the White House in 2007, and at the 2009 inauguration of Barack Obama. He has conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Westchester Philharmonic. In 2015, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Perlman has won 16 Grammy Awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and four Emmy Awards.
Ripstein
Ripstein is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Ripstein (1916–2007), Mexican film producer

Arturo Ripstein (born 1943), Mexican film director

Arthur Ripstein (born 1958), Canadian philosopher

Gabriel Ripstein (born 1972), Mexican film producer, director, editor, and screenwriter

Jacqueline Ripstein, Mexican artist

Arturo Ripstein
Arturo Ripstein y Rosen (born December 13, 1943) is a Mexican film director and screenwriter. Considered the "Godfather of independent Mexican cinema", Ripstein's work is generally characterized by "somber, slow-paced, macabre melodramas tackling existential loneliness", often with a grotesque-like edge.

He is a nine-time Ariel Award winner, including five for Best Picture and two for Best Director. Three of his films have been nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1997, he received the prestigious National Prize for Arts and Sciences for his contributions to Mexican cinema. He was the second filmmaker (after Luis Buñuel) to receive that honour.
Per Pedersen
Per Pedersen is the name of:

Per Pedersen Tjøstland (formerly Per Pedersen) (1918-2004), Norwegian Nazi activist

Per Pedersen (footballer) (born 1969), Danish footballer

Per Pedersen (cyclist) (born 1964), Danish road racing cyclist

Per Pedersen (footballer)
Per Werner Pedersen (born 30 March 1969) is a Danish former footballer who played the majority of his career for Danish clubs Odense BK and Lyngby BK. Pedersen scored two goals in six games for the Danish national team between 1991 and 1997. In 1997, he became the most expensive player sold by a Danish football club, when he signed a £2.5 million transfer deal with English club Blackburn Rovers, where he scored once against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. Pedersen also had short stints with German club Borussia Mönchengladbach and Racing Strasbourg in France. He moved back to Denmark to play for Odense BK, where he suffered a career-ending injury, and retired in June 2001.

Pedersen also appeared in matches for Denmark's league selection, in which he played in several matches not considered fully official. A high point of his career came in 1997, when he scored four goals in a game for Denmark against the United States at the U.S. Cup.
Energy in Western Australia
Western Australia, like other Australian states and high-income countries, is a heavy energy user by global standards.

The most distinctive features of Western Australia's energy systems are the massive export of natural gas, its independence from the interconnected cross-state gas and electricity networks in eastern Australia, and the presence of two separate large-scale grids and many microgrids to provide power for the sparsely populated state.

Pilbara
The Pilbara (/ˈpɪlbərə/) is a large, dry, sparsely populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal people, its geography, its red earth, and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna.
Ronald A. Marks
Ronald Anthony Marks FRSA is a former senior Central Intelligence Agency  official and Capitol Hill Staffer. He is currently chairman and CEO of ZPN Cyber and National Security Strategies and an academic focused on Cyber and Intelligence policy issues. His book "Spying in America in the Post 9/11 World: Domestic Threat and the Need for Change," published by Praeger Publishing, focuses on the vast expansion of intelligence collection in America and the need for careful oversight.

ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings. Since 2021, ABC-Clio and its suite of imprints are collectively imprints of British publishing house Bloomsbury Publishing.

ABC-Clio provides service to fifteen different online databases which contain over one million online textbooks. The company consults academic leaders in the fields they cover in order to provide authority for their reference titles. The headquarters are located in Santa Barbara, California.
Arrondissement of Douai
The arrondissement of Douai (West Flemish: Dowaai) is an arrondissement of France in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 64 communes. Its population is 244,710 (2021), and its area is 476.6 km2 (184.0 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Bosmont
Bosmont is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Bosmont is located in the West Rand of Johannesburg and 70% of its residents are Coloured as of 2011.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Nema Sagara
Nema Sagara is a general in the Malian Air Force. She received military education since 1986 in Mali, France and the United States. She is one of Africa's most senior female soldiers and one of the few Malian female commissioned officer to have seen combat.

Malian Air Force
The Mali Air Force (French: Armée de l'air du Mali) is the primary aerial warfare branch of Malian Armed Forces. It was established in 1961. In the following years, the Mali Air Force received significant support from the Soviet Union, which provided both equipment and training to the force.
Landon Fox
Landon Fox is an American college football coach. He is the defensive coordinator and safeties coach for the Western Illinois University, positions he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for Valparaiso University from 2019 to 2024. He also coached for Preble Shawnee High School, Lakeland, Dayton, Ball State, and Wayne State (MI). He played college football for Defiance.

During Fox's 13 combined years at Dayton, he served as a graduate assistant, defensive backs coach, and finally as defensive coordinator from 2010 to 2018.

Wayne State Wildcats
The Wayne State Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent Wayne State College, located in Wayne, Nebraska, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) in all sports since the 1999–2000 academic year. The Wildcats previously competed in the Central States Intercollegiate Conference (CSIC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1976–77 to 1988–89; as well as in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC) as a provisional member during the 1989–90 school year.
Grinds
In Ireland, grinds are a form of private tuition. The grinds industry in Ireland, particularly at secondary school level, acts as a supplement to other forms of schooling and is described in some sources as "shadow education". In 2012, the Revenue Commissioners launched an investigation into a perceived failure of some teachers to declare extra income from giving grinds for tax purposes. The Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland denied that this was a widespread problem.

Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland
The Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland (ASTI) is a trade union for secondary school teachers in Ireland. It is a member of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions. The union represents 18,500 teachers in schools attended by 80% of all second-level students.
Edward Prentice Mawson
Edward Prentice Mawson (1885 in Ambleside, Westmorland – 22 December 1954 in Lancaster) was the eldest of the nine children of Thomas Hayton Mawson, and, like his father a British garden designer, landscape architect, and town planner.

Ambleside
Ambleside is a town in the civil parish of Lakes and the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Westmorland and located in the Lake District National Park, the town sits at the head of Windermere, England's largest natural lake. In 2022 the built up area had an estimated population of 2,586.
John Lavan
Sir John Martin Lavan (September 1911 – 1 December 2006) was a judge in the Supreme Court of Western Australia.

Lavan was educated at Christian Brothers, Perth and Xavier College in Melbourne. He joined his father's firm Lavan and Walsh in 1934, where he remained until 1969.

He was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Western Australia in 1969, a position he held until 1981.

He served as president of the law society from 1964 to 1966, and he was also chairman of the Parole Board of WA from 1960 to 1969.

Supreme Court of Western Australia
The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving sums of A$750,000 or more), and hears the most serious criminal matters.
Campsa (Macedonia)
Campsa or Kampsa (Ancient Greek: Κάμψα) was an ancient Greek polis (city-state) in the Chalcidice, ancient Macedonia. It is cited by Herodotus as one of the cities—together with Lipaxus, Combreia, Lisaea, Gigonus, Smila, Aeneia—located in the vicinity of the Thermaic Gulf, in a region called Crusis near the peninsula of Pallene where Xerxes recruited troops in his expedition of the year 480 BCE against Greece.

Other names borne by the city were Scapsa or Skapsa (Σκάψα), under which name it appears on Athenian tribute lists from 452/1 BCE, and Capsa or Kapsa (Κάψα). The city was a member of the Chalcidian League.

Its site is unlocated, but is sometimes considered to be near the silver mines 12 miles E-S-E of Thessaloniki.

Chalcidian League
The Chalcidian League (Greek: Κοινόν τῶν Χαλκιδέων, Koinon tōn Chalkideōn, "League of the Chalcidians"), also referred to as the Olynthians or the Chalcidians in Thrace (Χαλκιδεῖς ἐπί Θρᾴκης, Chalkideis epi Thrakēs) to distinguish them from the Chalcidians in Euboea,  was a federal state that existed on the Chalcidice peninsula, on the shores of the northwest Aegean Sea, from around 430 BCE until it was destroyed by Philip II of Macedon in 348 BCE.
Tom Mayson (Canadian football)
Tom Mayson (February 1, 1928 – October 18, 2010) was a Canadian professional football player who played for the Edmonton Eskimos. He previously played for the Alberta Golden Bears. Mayson's grandson, Joffrey Lupul, who is an NHL player, played for the Edmonton Oilers while Mayson was a former member of the Edmonton Investors Group (EIG), the limited partnership that owned the Edmonton Oilers.

Edmonton Investors Group
The Edmonton Investors Group Limited Partnership (EIGLP) was the limited partnership that owned the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League and the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League. With more than thirty individual shareholders, EIGLP was the largest ownership group in the NHL.  Among the four North American major sports leagues, only the Green Bay Packers have a larger ownership group.

The EIG were the key players for keeping the Edmonton Oilers in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada long term by purchasing the team from then-owner Peter Pocklington for C$107 million ($184 million in 2023 Canadian dollars) and preventing the team from being moved by being purchased for US$90 million ($174 million in 2024 American dollars) or C$127 million ($219 million in 2023 Canadian dollars).
Pebble Creek Formation
Pebble Creek Formation is a volcanic formation in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt created when the Mount Meager massif erupted about 2,350 years ago and by two rock avalanche deposits.

The two rock avalanches are not linked with the 2,350 BP eruption, although the post-eruption avalanche may have its causes in the over-steepened slopes produced by the explosive period of the eruption.

The rocks of the Pebble Creek Formation are the youngest known of the Mount Meager volcanic complex, and are made of dacite.

The formation includes a dacite lava flow, pyroclastic flows, lahars and fallout pumice.

Pebble Creek Hot Springs is increasingly popular after access to Meager Creek Hot Springs has been restricted post slide.

Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph; 90 ft/s) but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700 km/h (190 m/s; 430 mph; 640 ft/s). The gases and tephra can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).

Pyroclastic flows are the deadliest of all volcanic hazards and are produced as a result of certain explosive eruptions; they normally touch the ground and hurtle downhill or spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the density of the current, the volcanic output rate, and the gradient of the slope.
2018 Women's Australian Hockey League
The 2018 Women's Australian Hockey League was the 26th edition of the women's field hockey tournament. The 2018 edition of the tournament was held between 6 – 28 October, and featured a new format from previous editions.

The finals phase of the 2018 tournament was held in the Queensland city of the Gold Coast, from the 25 – 28 October.

NSW Arrows won the tournament for the tenth time, after defeating the QLD Scorchers 7–6 in the gold medal match. Canberra Strikers won the bronze medal after defeating VIC Vipers 2–0 in a penalty shoot-out following a 4–4 draw.

Victorian Vipers
The Victorian Vipers are a field hockey team who participate in Australia's national field hockey league, the WAHL. The team is predominantly made up of amateurs who participate in the Victorian Premier League competition. The team's home stadium is the Victorian State Netball and Hockey Centre, and in 1993 the women's competition was included in the AHL. The Victorian Vipers have experienced varying levels of success including winning two national championships. These two championships came in the 2003 and 2012 competitions.
Albany Meadows
Albany Meadows is a tract of approximately four acres (1.6 ha) of land at the Gill Tract in Albany, California. It is bounded by San Pablo Avenue to the east, Monroe Street to the north, 10th Street to the west, and Codornices Creek to the south.

Albany Meadows is the former site of residential buildings for student housing at the University Village. That housing was demolished in 2007, and the site is now home to native trees, grasses, wild turkeys, and other species. It serves as a wildlife corridor for a range of organisms, including owls, wild turkey, and deer.

Wild turkey
The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is an upland game bird native to North America, one of two extant species of turkey and the heaviest member of the order Galliformes. It is the ancestor to the domestic turkey (M. g. domesticus), which was originally derived from a southern Mexican subspecies of wild turkey (not the related ocellated turkey).
Colacogloea
Colacogloea is a genus of fungi belonging to the class Microbotryomycetes. Most species in the genus are known only from their yeast states. Where known, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and occur as parasites on or in the fruit bodies of other fungi.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Smoker (surname)
Smoker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Smoker (1923–2020), British Humanist activist and freethought advocate

Craig Smoker (born 1978), Australian rules footballer

George Smoker (1856–1925), English cricketer and footballer

Henry Smoker (1881–1966), English cricketer and footballer, son of George Smoker

Jeff Smoker (born 1981), American football quarterback

Josh Smoker (born 1988), American baseball player

Paul Smoker (1941–2016), American jazz trumpeter

Jeff Smoker
Jeff Smoker (born June 13, 1981) is an American former professional football quarterback. He was selected by the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League (NFL) in the sixth round of the 2004 NFL draft. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans. He was also the starting quarterback for the Nashville Kats and Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League (AFL).