hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ptarmigan Island
Ptarmigan Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Aubrey Island, Beveridge Island, Coffin Island, Emerick Island, and Thompson Island.

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Viola nuttallii
Viola nuttallii (Nuttall's violet or yellow prairie violet) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the violet family (Violaceae), and is one of the few violet species with lanceolate leaves. It is native to the western Canada and the north-central and western United States, appearing in upper steppe lands, forests, and alpine ridges.

The genus name Viola means violet in Latin. For Nuttall's violet the only purple coloring is the nectar guides in the throat of the flower. The species name is given in honor of noted botanist Thomas Nuttall.

The plant is highly variable, usually with bright yellow petals. The veined, elliptical leaves are 2.5–10 centimeters (1–4 in) long.

The species serves as a larval host for the Coronis fritillary butterfly.

The leaves and flowers of the plant are edible as well as high in vitamins A and C. However, the rhizomes, fruits, and seeds are high in saponins and should not be eaten.

Speyeria coronis
Speyeria coronis, the Coronis fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae of North America. It is common from Baja California to Washington and east to Colorado and western South Dakota and once reported in Alberta.

This butterfly is mostly orange and yellow with distinct dark-brown bars on the topside. The wing margins are dark with lighter circles then dark crescents. Silvery spots predominate on the yellowish underside.

Wingspan ranges from 60–86 mm (2.4–3.4 in).

The larvae feed on Viola species.
Rukaiya Russell
Rukaiya Russell is a British musician and producer, specialising in house music and the genre known as UK funky. In 2008 she released the track "Bring Back The Routemaster" on Ruru Records. Her music has been featured on BBC 1Xtra.

UK funky
UK funky (sometimes known as UKF or funky) is a genre of electronic dance music which originated in England that is heavily influenced by soca, soulful house, tribal house, funky house, UK garage, broken beat and grime. Typically, UK funky blends beats, bass loops and synths with African and Latin percussion in the dembow rhythm with contemporary R&B-style vocals.
Flora, Trøndelag
Flora is a village in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Nea River, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the municipal center of Mebonden and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the village of Græsli in the neighboring Tydal Municipality. The Flora Chapel is located in this village.

Tydal Municipality
Tydal is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the Neadalen/Tydalen valley. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ås. Other villages include Østby, Græsli, Aungrenda, and Stugudalen. There is a school and a kindergarten in Tydal.

The 1,329-square-kilometre (513 sq mi) municipality is the 75th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Tydal Municipality is the 346th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 773. The municipality's population density is 0.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 10.5% over the previous 10-year period.

The inhabitants of Tydal earn a living in the areas of farming, forestry, energy production, and tourism. During Easter, the number of people in Tydal Municipality increases by up to 5,000 people. Many people from Trondheim celebrate their holidays in the 1,400 cabins located throughout the municipality.
Naphthenic acid
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are mixtures of several cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl carboxylic acids with molecular weights of 120 to well over 700 atomic mass units. The main fractions are carboxylic acids with a carbon backbone of 9 to 20 carbons. McKee et al. claim that "naphthenic acids (NAs) are primarily cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids with 10 to 16 carbons", although acids containing up to 50 carbons have been identified in heavy petroleum.

Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.

Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.
Eric de Sturler
Eric de Sturler (born 15 January 1966, Groningen) is a Professor of Mathematics at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. He is on the editorial board of Applied Numerical Mathematics and the Open Applied Mathematics Journal.

Prof. de Sturler completed his Ph.D. under the direction of Henk van der Vorst at Technische Universiteit Delft in 1994. His thesis is entitled Iterative Methods on Distributive Memory Computers. He was a second-place winner of the Leslie Fox Prize for Numerical Analysis in 1997.
His research focuses on preconditioned iterative methods for solving linear and nonlinear systems, with applications in computational physics, material science, and mathematical biology.

Computational physics
Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics. Historically, computational physics was the first application of modern computers in science, and is now a subset of computational science. It is sometimes regarded as a subdiscipline (or offshoot) of theoretical physics, but others consider it an intermediate branch between theoretical and experimental physics — an area of study which supplements both theory and experiment.
Bonderøven
Bonderøven (can loosely be translated to "The Hill-billy") is a Danish TV show produced by DR and broadcast on DR1. The program was originally broadcast on the channel DR2 but in 2011 it was moved to the main channel DR1 since it had a great success.

Kastaniegården in  Djursland is the location for the programs, where we follow Frank Erichsen pursuing his dream of becoming self-sufficient. Frank is living the dream of a simpler life with his wife Theresa and their children Alma and Johan. This means that everything, as much as possible, is done the old-fashioned way with tools he can repair himself if they break, and with machines powered by a horse.

So far, 22 seasons have been made. There have been two seasons each year, except in the beginning. Normally one season starts in January, February, or March, and one season starts in August, September, or October. The later seasons have had 10 episodes, one per week.

Self-sustainability
Self-sustainability and self-sufficiency are overlapping states of being in which a person, being, or system needs little or no help from, or interaction with others. Self-sufficiency entails the self being enough (to fulfill needs), and a self-sustaining entity can maintain self-sufficiency indefinitely. These states represent types of personal or collective autonomy. A self-sufficient economy is one that requires little or no trade with the outside world and is called an autarky.
Ancient furniture
Ancient furniture was made from many different materials, including reeds, wood, stone, metals, straws, and ivory. The furniture was decorated through processes like upholstery, inlaying, and through the use of finials.

It was common for ancient furniture to have religious or symbolic purposes. The Incans had chacmools which were dedicated to sacrifice. Similarly, in Dilmun they had sacrificial altars. In many civilizations, certain types of furniture were reserved for upper-class citizens. Stools and thrones made for nobility in Ancient Egypt were made of fine imported wood, occasionally animal bone, and were painted, gilded, and inlaid with metals. In Mesopotamia, tables were decorated with expensive metals, chairs would be padded with felt, rushes, and upholstery. Some chairs had metal inlays.

Padding
Padding is thin cushioned material sometimes added to clothes. Padding may also be referred to as batting or wadding when used as a layer in lining quilts or as a packaging or stuffing material. When padding is used in clothes, it is often done in an attempt to soften impacts on certain zones of the body or enhance appearance by adding size to a physical feature. In fashion, there is padding for:

Breasts – sometimes called falsies

The male crotch – usually called a codpiece.

Height – usually in shoes and often called elevator shoes

Width of shoulders, called shoulder pads – in coats and other garments for men, and sometimes for women.

Bombast, consisting of horsehair, flock, bran, wool, rags, or cotton, was the padding used to give the required bulk to certain fashionable items of dress in Western Europe around 1600. It was used in particular for men's trunk hose, but also for women's trunk or cannon sleeves (1575-1620).
Şehitköy, Genç
Şehitköy (Kurdish: Mexsan) is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 342 in 2021.

The hamlets of Direkli, Kozankaya and Örencik are attached to the village.

Bingöl Province
Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg; Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg; Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey. The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province. Its area is 8,003 km2, and its population is 282,556 (2022). The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.
Landsverk L-30
Landsverk L-30 (Swedish Army designation: stridsvagn försöksmodell 1931, abbr. strv fm/31, "tank trial model-1931") was a Swedish late interwar era medium tank constructed by AB Landsverk for the Swedish Army between 1930 and 1935, featuring welded armour joints and a "wheel-cum-track system", allowing for interchangeable wheeled and tracked propulsion.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
The Voice of the Philippines season 2
The second season of The Voice of the Philippines was a reality singing competition in ABS-CBN which started airing on October 26, 2014. apl.de.ap, Lea Salonga, Sarah Geronimo, and Bamboo Mañalac returned as coaches for this season. Toni Gonzaga also returned to host the show; she was also joined by The Voice Kids host, Luis Manzano. Robi Domingo and Alex Gonzaga also returned to reprise their roles as the show's V-reporters.

The show aired every Saturdays 8:45 p.m. (PST) and Sundays at 8:30 p.m. (PST).

On March 8, 2015, Jason Dy of Team Sarah won the competition, beating Alisah Bonaobra of Team apl.

Toni Gonzaga
Celestine "Toni" Cruz Gonzaga-Soriano (born January 20, 1984) is a Filipino media personality, host, actress, businesswoman, singer, and vlogger. Gonzaga was the former lead host of ABS-CBN's long-running reality show Pinoy Big Brother (2005–2022). Her own YouTube channel, Toni Gonzaga Studio (TGS), has over 8 million subscribers. Tatler magazine named her one of the most influential people in Asia in 2021 and 2022.
Ivonne Coñuecar
Ivonne Coñuecar (born September 26, 1980) is a Mapuche writer, poet and journalist from Coyhaique, Chile.

Her first novel, Coyhaiqueer, won the Santiago Municipal Literature Award in 2019. She currently lives in Argentina.

Austral University of Chile
Austral University of Chile (Spanish: Universidad Austral de Chile or UACh) is a Chilean research university based primarily in Valdivia, with satellite campuses in Puerto Montt and Coyhaique. Founded on September 7, 1954, it is one of the eight original Chilean Traditional Universities. It operates as a  nonprofit self-owned corporation under private law, and receives significant state-funding.
Boutsen
Boutsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gabriël Boutsen (1903–1970), Belgian priest and missionary

Mathieu Boutsen (born 1946), Belgian politician

Thierry Boutsen (born 1957), Belgian racing driver

Thierry Boutsen
Thierry Marc Alain Boutsen (French: [tjɛ.ʁi but.sɛn]; born 13 July 1957) is a Belgian former racing driver, businessman and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1983 to 1993. Boutsen won three Formula One Grands Prix across 11 seasons.

Boutsen competed in Formula One for Arrows, Benetton, Williams, Ligier and Jordan. He finished fourth in the 1988 World Drivers' Championship with Benetton. Boutsen also competed in 10 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1981 to 1999, finishing runner-up in 1993 and 1996 with Peugeot and Porsche, respectively.

Since retiring from motor racing, Boutsen has moved into the aviation industry, selling business jets from his firm in Monaco. He is also the founder, co-owner and advisor to Boutsen Racing, who have competed in touring car racing since 1998.
Jimmy Beaufort
James Morris Beaufort (1896 – 19 March 1952) was a New Zealand born Anglican clergyman who had an illustrious career in the Royal Flying Corps as a chaplain.

Morris was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained after a period of study at Wells Theological College in 1921. After a curacy in Northenden he was Vicar of Hauraki Plains. He was the Headmaster of King's Preparatory School, Auckland, New Zealand.  He was also a founder of St. Peter's School in Cambridge, New Zealand. After this he was Vicar of Shawbury then the Sub-Dean of St Alban's Cathedral. During World War II he was a Chaplain in the RAFVR.He served as Dean of Grahamstown from 1934 until his death on 19 March 1952 in Grahamstown. He was also Archdeacon of Grahamstown from 1944 until his death.

Shawbury
Shawbury is a village and civil parish in  Shropshire, England. The village is 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Shrewsbury and 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Telford.

The village straddles the A53 between Shrewsbury and Market Drayton. The nearest railway station is at Yorton on the Welsh Marches Line for Shrewsbury/Crewe. The 2011 census recorded a population of 2,872 for the entire civil parish of Shawbury.
Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires)
The Monumental Stadium (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈtaðjo mˌonumentˈal]; lit. 'Monumental Stadium', named after its monumental structure), also known as Estadio River Plate and currently known as Mâs Monumental for sponsorship reasons, is an association football stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the Belgrano neighbourhood, it is home of River Plate.

It was opened on 26 May 1938 and named after former club president Antonio Vespucio Liberti (1900–1978). It is the largest stadium in both Argentina and all of South America with a capacity of 85,018 and is also home of the Argentina national football team. It was the main venue in the 1951 Pan American Games. It hosted the 1978 FIFA World Cup Final between Argentina and the Netherlands. It has also hosted four finals of the Copa América, most recently in 2011, as well as many finals of the Copa Libertadores.

1978 FIFA World Cup final
The 1978 FIFA World Cup final was a football match played to determine the winner of the 1978 FIFA World Cup. It contested by teams from the Netherlands and the host country of Argentina on 25 June 1978 at Argentina's largest stadium, the Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires. The match was won by the Argentine team in extra time by a score of 3–1. Mario Kempes, who finished as the tournament's top scorer, was named the man of the match. The Netherlands team lost their second consecutive World Cup final, both times to the host nation, after losing to West Germany in 1974.
2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell – Singles
Rafael Nadal defeated David Ferrer in the final, 6–2, 6–4, to win his record-extending sixth title at the Barcelona Open.

Fernando Verdasco was the defending champion but chose not to compete this year.

Barcelona Open (tennis)
The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event was founded in 1953 as a combined men's and women's tournament until 1980. It is played at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain on clay courts. The event is commonly known as Trofeo Conde de Godó (English: Count of Godó Trophy).
Morẹ́nikẹ́ Ọláòṣebìkan
Morẹ́nikẹ́ Ẹniọlá Ọláòṣebìkanlistenⓘ is a Nigerian-Canadian pharmaceutical manufacturing inventor, licensed clinical pharmacist and public health advocate. She is CEO of Kemet Group, which is developing Kemplex, a modular, on-demand essential medicines manufacturing system to address real-time drug shortages in low resource settings. Morenike initiated the Ribbon Rouge Foundation in 2006.

Modularity
Modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use. The concept of modularity is used primarily to reduce complexity by breaking a system into varying degrees of interdependence and independence across and "hide the complexity of each part behind an abstraction and interface". However, the concept of modularity can be extended to multiple disciplines, each with their own nuances. Despite these nuances, consistent themes concerning modular systems can be identified.

Composability is one of the tenets of functional programming.  This makes functional programs modular.
Tsaganomyidae
The Tsaganomyidae are an extinct family of rodents from Asia. It contains three genera.  Tsaganomyids are generally considered to be related to the Hystricognathi (porcupines and relatives). Members of Tsaganomyidae were fossorial (digging) rodents that probably used their incisor teeth to dig like some living mole rats.

Zygomasseteric system
The zygomasseteric system (or zygomasseteric structure) refers to the anatomical arrangement of the masseter muscle and the zygomatic arch (cheek bone) in the skulls of rodents. This system plays a crucial role in the diverse chewing mechanics observed across rodent species. The zygomatic arch is modified to accommodate the masseter muscle, a primary muscle responsible for jaw movement. The masseter muscle itself is often divided into superficial, lateral, and medial components, allowing for a wide range of jaw motion, particularly the anteroposterior or propalinal movement (front-to-back chewing motion) characteristic of rodents. Variations in the structure of the zygomatic arch and the masseter muscle's insertion points have led to the classification of rodents into four main zygomasseteric types: protrogomorphous, sciuromorphous, hystricomorphous, and myomorphous,: 29–32  reflecting adaptations to different dietary niches and chewing strategies.
Cecil Cathers
Cecil Alexander (Tiny) Cathers (21 April 1901 – 6 December 1989) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Toronto, Ontario and became a business executive and farmer by career.

He was first elected at the York North riding in the 1957 general election after a previous unsuccessful attempt to win a seat there in the 1953 election. Cathers was re-elected in the 1958 election, but defeated by John Addison of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.

Cathers died at Toronto's Queen Elizabeth Hospital on 6 December 1989.

York North
York North was a federal riding in Ontario, Canada, that was in the House of Commons of Canada from Confederation in 1867 until 2004.

The federal riding was eliminated in 2003 when it was redistributed between two new ridings of Newmarket—Aurora and York—Simcoe. Another small section was incorporated into Oak Ridges—Markham. The riding covered the northern suburbs of the city of Toronto often including such towns as Aurora, Vaughan, Newmarket, Richmond Hill and Markham. The borders changed often, however, most notably in 1996 when the riding was so altered that it contained very little of the same territory as before.
Arampampa Airport
Arampampa Airport (ICAO: SLAM) is a high-elevation airport serving the village of Arampampa in the Potosí Department of Bolivia. The runway is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the village. Both airport and village are on an irregular mesa in mountainous terrain.

Potosí Department
Potosí (Spanish pronunciation: [potoˈsi]; Quechua: P'utuqsi; Aymara: Putusi) is a department in southwestern Bolivia. Its area is 118,218 km2 and its population is 856,419 (2024 census). The capital is the city of Potosí. 
It is a mostly barren, mountainous region with one large plateau to the west, where the largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni, is located.

Cerro Potosí was the richest province in the Spanish Empire, providing a great percentage of the silver that was shipped to Europe.

Potosi is also the location of the San Cristóbal silver, zinc and lead mines, developed by the US company Apex Silver Mines Limited of Colorado and sold in November 2008 to the Japanese Sumitomo Corporation.
Donald M. Fraser
Donald MacKay Fraser (February 20, 1924 – June 2, 2019) was an American politician from Minnesota who served as U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 5th congressional district from 1963 to 1979 and as mayor of Minneapolis from 1980 to 1994.

University of Minnesota Law School
The University of Minnesota Law School is the law school of the University of Minnesota, a public university in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The school confers four law degrees: a Juris Doctor (J.D.), a Master of Laws (LL.M.), a Master of Science in Patent Law (M.S.P.L.), and a Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The J.D. program offers a number of concentration opportunities, as well as dual and joint degree options with other graduate and professional schools of the university.
2011 J.League Cup
The 2011 J. League Cup, also known as the 2011 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup for sponsoring purposes, was the 36th edition of the most prestigious Japanese soccer league cup tournament and the 19th edition under the current J. League Cup format. It was scheduled to begin on 16 March 2011 with the first matches of the group stage; however, the competition was postponed due to the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Later the beginning of the tournament is set to 5 June, with reducing the number of matches.

The winner qualified for the 2012 Suruga Bank Championship.

Albirex Niigata
Albirex Niigata (アルビレックス新潟, Arubirekkusu Nīgata) is a professional football club based in Niigata, Japan. Formed in 1955 as Niigata Eleven SC, it was renamed Albireo Niigata FC in 1995, and Albirex Niigata in 1997. They currently compete in the J1 League after earning promotion from the J2 League as champions in 2022. However, after four years, in the upcoming season, they will return to the J2 League, the second tier of football in the country, following their relegation from the J1 League in the 2025 season.