hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glandaz Point
Glandaz Point (65°5′S 63°59′W﻿ / ﻿65.083°S 63.983°W﻿ / -65.083; -63.983) is a point forming the south side of the entrance to Deloncle Bay in Kyiv Peninsula, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and was named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for A. Glandaz.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Sunshine Millions Sprint
The Sunshine Millions Sprint is a race for thoroughbred horses held in January at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California or at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida.  Half the eight races of the Sunshine Millions are run at one track and half at the other.

Open to four-year-olds and older willing to race six furlongs on the dirt, the Sunshine Millions Sprint is an ungraded stakes event but currently carries a purse of $150,000.  This race is also known as the Padua Stables Sprint (in 2006) as part of the eight-race Sunshine Millions series.

In its 17th running in 2017, the series of races called the Sunshine Millions are restricted to horses bred either in Florida or in California and is the brainchild of the Thoroughbred Owners of California, the California Thoroughbred Breeders Association, the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders’ and Owners’ Association, Inc., Santa Anita Park, Gulfstream Park, and Magna Entertainment Corporation.

California Thoroughbred Breeders Association
The California Thoroughbred Breeders Association (CTBA), founded in 1937, is a non-profit organization committed to the advancement of thoroughbred breeding and racing in California. It is governed by a board of 16 directors elected by the association's general membership. The current president of the CTBA is Doug Burge.

The CTBA is among the largest organizations of its kind in the nation.
Dick's Picks Volume 20
Dick's Picks Volume 20 is the 20th installment of the popular Grateful Dead archival series. It documents the majority of the concerts on September 25, 1976 at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland and September 28, 1976 at the Onondaga County War Memorial in Syracuse, New York.

It is mastered in HDCD from the original recordings by Dan Healy. The recordings are from a period when the band was transitioning out of their long touring hiatus, trying out new songs on the road, and welcoming back second drummer, Mickey Hart. The last performance of "Cosmic Charlie" is on this installment. Though not represented on this release, "Bertha" was also performed on the 28th, and "It's All Over Now" on the 25th. The show from the night before the latter concert was released on Dave's Picks Volume 4.

Landover, Maryland
Landover is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 25,998.

Landover is contained between Sheriff Road and Central Avenue to the south, Hill Road, Cabin Branch Drive, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metro) Orange Line tracks to the west, John Hanson Highway (U.S. Highway 50) to the north, and Washington D.C.'s Capital Beltway (Interstate 495/95) to the east. Landover borders the communities of New Carrollton, Landover Hills, Glenarden, Lanham, Ardmore, Kentland, Cheverly, Chapel Oaks, Fairmount Heights, Carmody Hills, Pepper Mill Village, Walker Mill, and Largo.
Johnny Karras
John J. "Argo Express" Karras (January 29, 1928 – November 6, 2008) was an American professional football halfback who played one season with the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Cardinals in the second round of the 1952 NFL draft. Karras had previously played college football at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and attended Argo Community High School in Summit, Illinois. He was a consensus All-American in 1951.

1952 NFL draft
The 1952 NFL draft was held on January 17, 1952, at Hotel Statler in New York. Selections made by New York Yanks were assigned to the new Dallas Texans.

This was the sixth year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery, with the previous five winners (Chicago Bears in 1947, Washington Redskins in 1948, Philadelphia Eagles in 1949, Detroit Lions in 1950, and New York Giants in 1951) ineligible from the draw; it was won by the Los Angeles Rams, who selected quarterback Bill Wade.

The Washington Post sportswriter Mo Siegel later claimed that Washington Redskins owner George Preston Marshall let him choose a late-round pick. Siegel, he said, chose Tennessee Tech's Flavious Smith to force the first black player onto the all-white Redskins. If true, Marshall likely persuaded NFL Commissioner Bert Bell to remove the choice from the official records. (Smith, who did not hear the story until years later, was white.)
21st century in ichnology
The 21st century in ichnology refers to advances made between the years 1900 and 1999 in the scientific study of trace fossils, the preserved record of the behavior and physiological processes of ancient life forms, especially fossil footprints.

1900 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1900.
Chingkhei Thanbi
Chingkhei Thanbi (ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯩ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ) was a Meitei princess, the daughter of King Thawanthaba of the Ningthouja dynasty, and became queen of the Khuman dynasty through her marriage to King Punshi Purenhanba (shortly known as Punshiba) in the 13th century CE. She is known for her tragic fate during the violent conflict between the Meitei (Ningthouja) and Khuman kingdoms in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). Her life and death are central to the classical Meitei literary work Thawanthaba Hiran, which combines historical realism with poetic narrative. She is remembered for her dignity, sacrifice, and the suffering she endured in the name of political alliance.

Khuman kingdom
"Khuman Leipaak" (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ) (literally, "Khuman kingdom") was an independent powerful kingdom, ruled by the kings of the Khuman dynasty in Ancient Manipur. The principality flourished at the shores of the Loktak lake. Mayang Imphal, the capital city of the kingdom, was situated at the left banks of the Imphal River, until the middle of the 14th century AD.
The Khuman kingdom was once more extensive and prosperous than that of the Ningthoujas. However, it became dependent on the Ningthouja kingdom by the 12th century AD.
Arne Vinje
Arne Vinje (27 March 1943 – 21 August 2011), also known as Arne Vinje-Gulbrandsen until 1986, was a Norwegian chess player and two-time Norwegian Chess Championship winner (1965, 1968). In over-the-board chess, he received the FIDE title of International Master (IM) in 1981. In correspondence chess, he earned the ICCF title of Grandmaster (GM) in 2001.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Budy Wolskie, Łódź Voivodeship
Budy Wolskie [ˈbudɨ ˈvɔlskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Zgierz, and 16 km (10 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Aleksandrów Łódzki
Aleksandrów Łódzki ([alɛkˈsandruf ˈwut͡skʲi] ⓘ) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź metropolitan area. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of 13.82 square kilometres (5.34 square miles), and as of June 2022 its population was 22,160.
Rancho Las Positas
Rancho Las Positas was a  8,880-acre (35.9 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Alameda County, California given in 1839 by governor Juan Alvarado to Robert Livermore and José Noriega. Las Positas means "little watering holes" in Spanish. The rancho included the present-day city of Livermore.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.
Orzhytsia
Orzhytsia (Ukrainian: Оржиця, Russian: Оржица) is a rural settlement located in Lubny Raion of Poltava Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the Orzhytsia, a right tributary of the Sula, a tributary of the Dnieper. Orzhytsia hosts the administration of Orzhytsia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,378 (2022 estimate).

Lubny Raion
Lubny Raion (Ukrainian: Лубенський район) is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the city of Lubny. Population: 184,616 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Poltava Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Lubny Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 30,260 (2020 est.).
Paasamalargal
Paasamalargal (transl. Flowers of love) is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Suresh Chandra Menon. The film stars Arvind Swamy and Revathi. It was released on 4 February 1994.

Revathi
Asha Kelunni (born 8 July 1966), better known by her stage name Revathi, is an Indian actress and director, known for her works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam cinema - in addition to Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films.

She was one of the most successful leading actresses of South Indian cinema and has won several accolades, including three National Film Awards, and seven Filmfare Awards South. She also won the Kerala State Film Award for her performance in Bhoothakaalam (2022).
Borane tert-butylamine
Borane tert-butylamine is an amine borane complex derived from tert-butylamine and borane. It is a colorless solid.

The compound is prepared by the reaction of tert-butylammonium chloride and sodium borohydride:

t-BuNH3Cl  +  NaBH4   →   t-BuNH2BH3  +  H2  +  NaCl

In organic synthesis, borane tert-butylamine can be used for selective reduction of certain functional groups including aldehydes, ketones, oximes, and imines.

In photographic processing, it is used in the E-4 process, as "chemical enlighting" step in the processing of the film.

Imine
In organic chemistry, an imine (/ɪˈmiːn/ or /ˈɪmɪn/) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen  or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds.  Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and they participate in many reactions.

Distinction is sometimes made between aldimines and ketimines, derived from aldehydes and ketones, respectively.
Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen
Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰelˀsn̩]) is a Danish mathematician who works in the Department of Science, Systems and Models (IMFUFA) at Roskilde University, and in the Department of Science Education at the University of Copenhagen. Her research interests include the philosophy of mathematics, history of mathematics, and mathematics education.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Jerry Ravenscraft
Jerry Ravenscraft (born 1955) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1992. Ravenscraft was elected to the house in a February 1992 special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter Blevins. He was defeated for renomination for a full term in May 1992 by John Stacy.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Little Rock Christian Academy
Little Rock Christian Academy is a private, college-preparatory Christian school catering to students from PK3 through 12th grade. Established in 1977 under the name Walnut Valley Christian Academy, it holds accreditation from several organizations including the Southern Association of Independent Schools (SAIS), Association of Christian Schools International, and the Arkansas Non-Public Schools Accrediting Association. Additionally, it is affiliated with The College Board, National Honor Society, National Beta Club, and the Council of Educational Standards and Accountability (CESA).

National Beta Club
The National Beta Club (often called "Beta Club" or simply "Beta") is an International honor society for 4th through 12th-grade students. Its purpose is to promote academic achievement, character, leadership, and service among elementary and secondary school students. The National Beta Club is the largest independent educational society for youths in the United States. Headquartered in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the organization has more than 9,600 clubs nationally and more than 450,000 active members.
Pucará, Puno
Pucará, Puno (Aymara and Quechua: Pukara, which means fortress; Hispanicized spellings Pucará, Pucara, also Pukará) is a town in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, Pucará District, Peru. It is located to the north-west of Lake Titicaca.

The ancient archaeological site of Pucará, dated as early as 1,800 BC, is located to the west of the town. The site is very large, spread in the area of approximately 4.2 km2. This was the first large urban center in the region. The site also gave its name to what some archaeologists refer to as a distinct Pukara culture. The site was declared a National Cultural Heritage (Patrimonio Cultural) of Peru by the National Institute of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (Peru)
The Ministry of Culture (Spanish: Ministerio de Cultura, MINCUL) is the government ministry of Peru in charge of the promotion of Peruvian culture and identity. It was created on 20 July 2010, during the Second presidency of Alan García. It replaced the National Institute of Culture (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, INC), with Juan Ossio Acuña serving as its inaugural minister after his appointment on 4 September 2010.

As of 2025, the culture minister is Fabricio Valencia
Des Broomfield
Desmond Stretton Broomfield (6 October 1921 – 5 June 2007) was an English footballer who played as a wing half in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion.

Broomfield was born in 1921 in Hove, Sussex, and attended Shoreham Grammar School. He joined Brighton & Hove Albion as a 16-year-old amateur, but his career was interrupted by the outbreak of war, during which he served in the Royal Air Force. He returned to Albion in time to play in the first post-war league match, still as an amateur, signed on semi-professional terms in 1947, and went on to make 26 first-team appearances. He later played non-league football for Hastings United and Shoreham. Broomfield died in Burgess Hill in 2007 at the age of 85.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Hong Kong women's national rugby union team
The Hong Kong women's national rugby union team represents Hong Kong in women's rugby union. They played their first international match in 1998 against Japan. They made their Rugby World Cup debut in 2017 in Ireland.

Women's Rugby World Cup
The Women's Rugby World Cup is the women's rugby union world championship which is organised by World Rugby. The first Rugby World Cup for women was held in 1991, but it was not until the 1998 tournament that the tournament received official backing from the International Rugby Board (IRB, now World Rugby); by 2009, the IRB had retroactively recognized the 1991 and 1994 tournaments and their champions.

Normally, the tournament is held every four years; it was moved forward in 2017 so that the competition could be held in the year before the Commonwealth Games. The 2021 tournament was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but still marketed as the 2021 tournament.

Three countries have won the Women's Rugby World Cup since its establishment, with New Zealand having won the tournament a record six times.
Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon
The Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon with the undertitle Bildende Kunst, Kunsthandwerker, Gelehrte, Sammler, Kulturschaffende und Mäzene vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts is a biographical dictionary on the art of the city Nuremberg.

The encyclopaedia, edited by Manfred H. Grieb and written by him with the collaboration of numerous specialist scholars, was published in 2007 in four volumes in a slidecase by K. G. Saur Verlag. At the same time, the work was published in PDF by Verlag Walter de Gruyter, to which K. G. Saur Verlag has belonged since 2006. About the Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: It is also accessible online for a fee.

K. G. Saur Verlag
K. G. Saur Verlag is a German publisher based in Munich that specializes in reference information for libraries. The publishing house, founded in 1949 by Karl-Otto Saur, Chief of Armament Staff of wartime Nazi Germany as Dokumentation Saur, only became economically successful, now named K. G. Saur Verlag, from 1966 under his son Klaus Gerhard Saur.

In 1987,  K. G. Saur was acquired by Reed International. Its British holdings were merged into the separate company Bowker-Saur. In 2000, Reed Elsevier sold K. G. Saur to the Gale Group, a unit of the Thomson Corporation. Walter de Gruyter acquired it in 2006.
Poecilobothrus nobilitatus
Poecilobothrus nobilitatus or semaphore fly is a species of fly in the highly studied family Dolichopodidae. P. nobilitatus flies are popular study subjects because they are easy to recognize and are of large size. They mainly reside around ponds and wet lands, where most of their hunting and mating take place. Their mating ritual is highly studied due to their distinctive mate selection behaviors.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Frankenlied
The Frankenlied (Song of Franconia), or Lied der Franken (The Franconians' song) is the unofficial anthem of the German region of Franconia, and one of the most popular German commercium songs. It is also sung at official occasions in the districts of Lower Franconia, Middle Franconia, and Upper Franconia. The text of the hymn was written by Joseph Victor von Scheffel in 1859, the melody was composed by Valentin Eduard Becker in 1861.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Spiradisc
Spiradisc (often misspelled as "Spiradisk") was a copy protection scheme used by Sierra On-Line on their floppy disk releases for the Apple II.
The technique, developed by Mark Duchaineau, involved writing the data on spiralling paths on the disk rather than in concentric circles.  Initially, no commercial copying software or bit nibbler could successfully copy the disks it was applied to.

Games which used Spiradisc copy protection include Lunar Leepers, Frogger, some very early versions of Ultima II, Jawbreaker, Maze Craze Construction Set, and Pest Patrol.

Eventually, Copy II Plus version 5 was able to successfully defeat this copy protection.

Jawbreaker (video game)
Jawbreaker is a Pac-Man clone programmed by John Harris for Atari 8-bit computers and published by On-Line Systems. Released in 1981 before an official version of Pac-Man was available, it was widely lauded by reviewers and became a major seller. The story of its creation and Harris's Atari 8-bit implementation of Frogger form a portion of Steven Levy's 1984 book, Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution.

Jawbreaker was ported to the Apple II in 1981 and Harris's different take on the game for the Atari 2600 was released the following year. Legal issues resulted in the 2600 port being the template for subsequent versions—for the Commodore 64 and TI-99/4A—and sold confusingly as both Jawbreaker and Jawbreaker II.