hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Bretz (photographer)
George M. Bretz (June 6, 1842– April 12, 1895) was an American photographer who is best known for his photographs of the Northeastern Pennsylvania Coal Region and its coal miners.

A collection of Bretz's original glass plate negatives from the Kohinoor Mine at the Shenandoah Colliery were rediscovered in 2011 at the National Museum of American History. Taken circa 1884, this was one of the earliest fully illuminated photo shoots in an underground mine. These photographs were displayed at the 1884 World Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, and again at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Bretz is also known for his photos of alleged Molly Maguires, radical coal miners who fought against unfair labor practices in the coal fields. For the rest of his life, Bretz was considered an authority on coal mining, and articles about his photography were widely published.

Coal Region
The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons.

The region is typically defined as comprising five Pennsylvania counties, Carbon County, Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Northumberland County, and Schuylkill County. It is home to 910,716 people as of the 2010 census.

The Coal Region is bordered by Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties (including the Lehigh Valley) to its south; Columbia and Dauphin Counties to its west; Wyoming County to its north; and Monroe County, Pennsylvania to its east.
Batucada
Batucada ([batuˈkadɐ]) is a substyle of samba and refers to a percussive style, usually performed by an ensemble, known as a bateria. Batucada music is characterized by its syncopated style and fast pace with a marked rhythm.

Originally from Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, Brazil, the rhythm has become popular around the world and is played specially in carnival festivities and celebrations, and also in street performances many times using big percussionist ensembles for greater impact. In some parts of Spain it has become a popular music, especially in parades and carnivals. During the Chinese New Year celebrations in the city of València, the Batuchina is played, an adaptation of Batucada to Chinese Traditional Music sounds.

Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats, or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually some variety of celebration.

The term "parade" is also used in different contexts; for example, in the Canadian Armed Forces, "parade" is used both to describe the procession and in other informal connotations.

Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade, but these are usually referred to as a march instead.
Old Minnehaha County Courthouse
The Old Minnehaha County Courthouse, located at Main Avenue and 6th Street in Sioux Falls, is the former county courthouse of Minnehaha County, South Dakota.

The courthouse, which was the seat of county government from 1890 to 1962, is one of the oldest buildings in Sioux Falls. The Richardsonian Romanesque building was designed by local architect Wallace L. Dow and built from locally quarried quartzite, a common building material in Sioux Falls at the time. The three-story building features a tall clock tower over the front entrance. The building's doorways are surrounded by Roman archways; the second- and third-story windows are also arched, while the first-story windows are rectangular. The attic windows have decorative dormers aligned with the front walls.

The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 1973.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Moss Lane Cricket Ground
Moss Lane Cricket Ground was a cricket ground in Moss Side, Manchester, Lancashire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1864, when Manchester Cricket Club played Sheffield Cricket Club.

In 1844, the ground held its inaugural first-class match when Manchester played Sheffield Cricket Club who were called Yorkshire on that occasion. From 1844 to 1846, the ground played host to four first-class matches, the last of which saw Manchester play Sheffield.

The final recorded match on the ground came in 1847 when Manchester Slow Bowlers played Manchester Fast Bowlers. The ground was later developed, with St Mary's Church covering the site today.

Moss Side
Moss Side is an inner-city area of Manchester, England, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of the city centre. It had a population of 20,745 at the 2021 census. Moss Side is bounded by Hulme to the north, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Rusholme and Fallowfield to the east, Whalley Range to the south, and Old Trafford to the west.

As well as Whitworth Park and Alexandra Park, Moss Side is close to Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan universities. Manchester City Football Club played at Maine Road in Moss Side between 1923 and 2003.
Aydarovo
Aydarovo (Russian: Айдарово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Aydarovo, Chuvash Republic, a village in Andreyevo-Bazarskoye Rural Settlement of Kozlovsky District in the Chuvash Republic

Aydarovo, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Iznoskovsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Aydarovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Loknyansky District of Pskov Oblast

Aydarovo, Tyulyachinsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Tyulyachinsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Aydarovo, Zelenodolsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Zelenodolsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Aydarovo, Tula Oblast, a village in Bunyrevsky Rural Okrug of Aleksinsky District in Tula Oblast

Aydarovo, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Aydarovskoye Rural Settlement of Ramonsky District in Voronezh Oblast

Ramonsky District
Ramonsky District (Russian: Рамо́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,281 square kilometers (495 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ramon. Population: 38,471 (2021 Census); 32,027 (2010 Census); 33,230 (2002 Census); 43,711 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ramon accounts for 22.0% of the district's total population.
DM-39 mine
The DM-39 is a German anti-personnel, cylindrical-shaped and plastic-made blast mine intended for emplacement under an anti-tank mine. It is pressure initiated and has a clockwork delayed arming mechanism, making it suitable for its anti-lift role. A secondary fuze well is located on the lower side of the mine, allowing for use of a secondary anti-disturbance fuze. The mine measures 100 by 40 mm with a 300-gram TNT/RDX explosive charge, with three variants of the same dimensions, the DM-39A1, the DM-68 and the DM-68A1.

The DM-39A1 is the metal-case version of the DM-68, a plastic-case training mine with a smoke charge device instead of an explosive one.

TNT
Trinitrotoluene (/traɪˌnaɪtroʊˈtɒljuːˌiːn, -jəˌwiːn/ try-NY-troh-TOL-yoo-een, -⁠yə-ween), more commonly known as TNT (and more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene), is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. TNT is occasionally used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties.  The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard comparative convention of bombs and asteroid impacts. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts.
Uvat
Uvat (Russian: Уват) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Uvat, Irkutsk Oblast, a village in Nizhneudinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Uvat, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Uvatsky Rural Okrug of Uvatsky District of Tyumen Oblast

Nizhneudinsky District
Nizhneudinsky District (Russian: Нижнеу́динский райо́н) is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nizhneudinsky Municipal District. The area of the district is 50,000 square kilometers (19,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nizhneudinsk. Population: 25,694 (2010 census); 31,122 (2002 Census); 37,293 (1989 Soviet census).
Flag of Sussex
The Flag of Sussex is the flag of the traditional and historic county of Sussex. The flag was registered by the Flag Institute on Friday 20 May 2011 as a 'traditional' county flag as a result of a campaign started in August 2010, by Sussex resident Brady Ells, with support from his father, David. The Flag was certified by Chief Vexillologist, Graham Bartram.  It was first flown officially on Saturday 28 May 2011 at Lewes Castle. and was flown from the Department of Communities and Local Government at Eland House, London on Sussex Day, 16 June 2011.

Verde (building)
Verde is an office building at 10 Bressenden Place, formerly known as Eland House, in Westminster, London. It was originally designed by EPR Architects and built by Mowlem for Landsec, and although finally completed in 1998, staff of the former Department of the Environment had moved in during late 1995/early 1996.

In 2012, the building was acquired by Tishman Speyer and redeveloped according to a design created by Aukett Swanke. It was then renamed Verde. The redeveloped building encompasses 282,000 square feet of office space across 10 floors, and includes a number of roof gardens.
Pénélope (Piccinni)
Pénélope is a French-language opera by the composer Niccolò Piccinni, first performed at Fontainebleau on 2 November 1785 in the presence of King Louis XVI and his queen Marie-Antoinette. It takes the form of a tragédie lyrique in three acts. The libretto, by Jean-François Marmontel, is based on the story of Odysseus (Ulysses) and Penelope in Homer's Odyssey. The opera transferred to the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris (the Paris Opera) on 6 December 1785, but it was not a success.

Penelope
Penelope (/pəˈnɛləpi/ pə-NEL-ə-pee; Ancient Greek: Πηνελόπεια, Pēnelópeia, or Πηνελόπη, Pēnelópē) is a character in Homer's Odyssey. She was the queen of Ithaca and was the daughter of Spartan king Icarius and Naiad Periboea.The mythological Penelope is known for her fidelity to her husband Odysseus, despite the attention of more than a hundred suitors during his absence. In one source, Penelope's original name was Arnacia or Arnaea.
Lyudmila Karpawna Shleh
Lyudmila Karpawna Shleh (born 21 September 1948) is a Belarusian composer. She was born in Baranovichi and studied with Mikalay Il'ich Aladaw and Dmitry Smolsky at the Conservatory of Belarus, graduating in 1972. She joined the Belarusian Composers’ Union in 1974 and continued her education with Sergey Slonimsky while teaching at the Leningrad Conservatory. After completing her studies in 1980, she has worked as a full-time composer.

Baranavichy
Baranavichy or Baranovichi is a city in the Brest Region of western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Baranavichy District, though it is administratively separate from the district. As of 2025, it has a population of 170,817 and is the eighth largest city in the country.

The city is home to an important railway junction and to Baranavichy State University. It is characterized by a favourable geographical position and is a major junction of the most important railways and highways. It is close to the main gas pipeline, has a developed system of energy and water supply, and a favourable climate. A number of large industrial enterprises are located in the city, which is one of the most important industrial, cultural, and educational centers of Belarus.
Dowry system in India
The dowry system in India refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the bride's family gives to the groom, his parents, and his relatives as a condition of the marriage. Dowry is called "दहेज" in Hindi and as جہیز in Urdu.

Traditionally, the dowry served as the inheritance for the daughter, as her relationship was seen as severed from her parents at the time of marriage, and is sometimes negotiated as consideration or a "status equalizer" between the marrying families, often as a means of upward mobility. However, the system can put great financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases, requests for a dowry has led to crimes against women, ranging from emotional abuse and injury to death.

Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person knowingly or intentionally exposing another person to a behavior that results in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological reactions.

It is often associated with situations of controlling behavior in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, abuse in the workplace, amongst other behaviors that may cause an individual to feel unsafe.
Samuel H. Smith (politician)
Samuel H. "Sam" Smith (born August 10, 1955) is an American politician and former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 66th District who served from 1986 to 2015. The district included portions of Jefferson, Indiana and Armstrong counties. He was elected Speaker in January 2011 and served until January 2015, when he was succeeded by Mike Turzai.

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Armstrong County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,558. The county seat is Kittanning. The county was organized on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming Counties. It was named in honor of John Armstrong, who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress and served as a major general during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Battle of Cuernavaca
The Battle of Cuernavaca was a battle during the Mexican Revolution, where Emiliano Zapata and his supporters rebelling against president Francisco I. Madero, who had recently overthrown the previous president Porfirio Díaz. Zapata was patrolling around his stronghold in the hills of Cuernavaca, where he was ambushed by a government force of Rurales under the command of the American Soldier of Fortune, Emil Lewis Holmdahl.

Yecapixtla
Yecapixtla (Nahuatl languages: Yecapixtlān Nahuatl pronunciation: [jekaˈpiʃt͡ɬaːn]) is a town and municipality located in the northeast of the state of Morelos in central Mexico. Yecapixtla means, Land of men and women with sharp noses. The town is home to one of the monastery complexes associated with the Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatépetl World Heritage Site. Yecapixtla is famously known for its tasty, high-quality beef, cecina (cured dry meat).

The population of the municipality is 52,651 according to the 2015 census. The town was hit hard by the September 19, 2017 Puebla earthquake, in which two people died and the church was damaged.
Dutton Island
Dutton Island is a small island in Suisun Bay, California. It is part of Solano County, and included within Reclamation District 2127. Its coordinates are 38°04′54″N 121°58′14″W﻿ / ﻿38.08167°N 121.97056°W﻿ / 38.08167; -121.97056﻿ (Dutton Island). An 1850 survey map of the San Francisco Bay area made by Cadwalader Ringgold, 
as well as an 1854 map of the area by Henry Lange, shows an unlabeled island covering some of the area now occupied by Dutton Island.

Reclamation district
Reclamation districts are a form of special-purpose districts in the United States (and possibly other countries) which are responsible for reclaiming and/or maintaining land that is threatened by permanent or temporary flooding for agricultural, residential, commercial, or industrial use.  The land is reclaimed by removing and/or preventing water from returning via systems of levees, dikes, drainage ditches, and pumps.
History of Philippine money
The history of Philippine money covers currency in use before the Hispanic era with gold Piloncitos and other commodities in circulation, as well as the adoption of the peso during the Hispanic era and afterwards.

The Philippine peso is ultimately derived from the Spanish peso or pieces of eight brought over in large quantities by the Manila galleons of the 16th to 19th centuries. From the same Spanish peso or dollar is derived the various pesos of Latin America, the dollars of the US and Hong Kong, as well as the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen.

Jose P. Laurel
José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the President of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1945, which was a Japanese ally during World War II.

Laurel was the runner-up in the 1949 Philippine presidential election. In the 1951 Philippine Senate election, he was elected to the Senate of the Philippines for the Nacionalista Party. He headed a mission to negotiate trade and other matters with the United States, which led to the Laurel–Langley Agreement of 1954.

Since the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965), Laurel has been recognized by later administrations as a former president of the Philippines.
Velsen-Zuid
Velsen-Zuid (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌvɛlzə(n) ˈzœyt]) is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Velsen, and lies about 9 km north of Haarlem.

Velsen-Zuid developed around the church founded by Willibrord in the 8th century. Between 1865 and 1876, the North Sea Canal was dug and Velsen became two settlements.

The home of Telstar, a team competing in the first tier of Dutch football, the Eredivisie, is located in Velsen-Zuid. Their stadium is known as the 711 Stadion.

Willibrord
Willibrord (Latin: Villibrordus; c. 658 – 7 November AD 739) was an Anglo-Saxon monk, bishop, and missionary. He became the first Bishop of Utrecht in what is now the Netherlands, dying at Echternach in Luxembourg, and is known as the "Apostle to the Frisians".
Pilgrim (MØ song)
"Pilgrim" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter MØ. The song was released as a digital download in Denmark on 15 March 2013 through Chess Club and RCA Victor. "Pilgrim" was included in her debut studio album No Mythologies to Follow (2014). A 7" vinyl single of the song was released on February 25, 2013 by Neon Gold Records. The song was featured as a score in the Italian version of an advertisement for Armani's fragrance Acqua di Gioia. The song has peaked at number 11 on the Danish Singles Chart.

Hitlisten
Hitlisten (lit. 'the hit list'), formerly known as Tracklisten, is a Danish top 40 record chart that is updated every Wednesday at 00:01 on the website hitlisten.nu. The weekly Danish singles chart combines the 40 best-selling tracks from streaming and legal music downloads. The Danish albums chart combines downloads, streaming and also sales of CDs. There is a separate vinyl chart. The data are collected by M&I Service, who also compile the chart on behalf of IFPI Danmark, the local branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
Ictidodraco
Ictidodraco is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa. The type species Ictidodraco longiceps was named by South African paleontologists Robert Broom and John T. Robinson in 1948 from the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone. Ictidodraco was once classified as a scaloposaurian in the family Silpholestidae. Scaloposauria and Silpholestidae are no longer regarded as valid groups, and Ictidodraco is now classified as a basal member of the clade Baurioidea.

Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone
The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone found in the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a majorly fossiliferous and geologically important geological group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. This biozone has outcrops located in the Teekloof Formation north-west of Beaufort West in the Western Cape, in the upper Middleton and lower Balfour Formations respectively from Colesberg of the Northern Cape to east of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape. The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is one of eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be Late Permian in age.

The name of the biozone refers to Cistecephalus, a small, burrowing dicynodont therapsid. It is characterized by the presence of this species, known especially from the upper sections of this biozone, and the first appearance of the dicynodont Aulacephalodon.
Robert Webb (cricketer, born 1806)
Robert Holden Webb (22 February 1806 – 10 March 1880) was an English cricketer with amateur status, later an Anglican priest.

Webb was educated at Eton College and then Christ's College, Cambridge. He is recorded as playing for Cambridge University in three matches from 1826 to 1827, totalling 24 runs with a highest score of 10 and holding no catches. He was ordained as a Church of England priest in 1830 and was rector of Essendon from 1844 until his death.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Pila Blanca, Texas
Pila Blanca is a ghost town in Duval County, Texas, United States, located a mile and a half south of Highway 44 on Farm to Market Road 3196. It is ten miles southeast of Freer and twenty-five miles west of Alice. Today, there are a few residences and buildings remaining, but the precise population is unknown. A cemetery and an old water tower still exist in town.

Alice, Texas
Alice is a city in and the county seat of Jim Wells County, Texas, United States, in the South Texas region of the state. As of the 2020 census, Alice had a population of 17,891. Alice was established in 1888. The city was originally named "Bandana", then "Kleberg", and finally "Alice" after Alice Gertrudis King Kleberg, the daughter of Richard King, who established the King Ranch.