hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General debate of the seventy-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly
The General debate of the seventy-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) opened on 21 September and ran until 27 September 2021. Leaders from a number of member states addressed the UNGA.

United Nations Interpretation Service
The United Nations Interpretation Service is a part of the Meetings and Publishing Division (MPD) of the UN's Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM). Its core function is to provide interpretation from and into Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish for meetings held at the United Nations' headquarters, and those at other locations which the department is responsible for servicing. Interpretation is essential to the inter-governmental bodies for the proper conduct and smooth functioning of their deliberations.
Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography
The Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography (DCALAB) is a six-volume, 2080-entry biographical dictionary that was published in May 2016 by Oxford University Press. The project was funded by the Mellon Foundation. The editors were Franklin W. Knight and Henry Louis Gates Jr.

Described by Ben Vinson III as a "remarkable feat of scholarship", coverage begins in 1492, and all Latin American and Caribbean countries and territories are included. To ensure this broad coverage, a call-out was made across the region for subjects to include. Librarian Jessica Lewis described how the dictionary will be "a core resource for libraries in nations with African heritage".

Ben Vinson III
Ben Vinson III is an American historian, who served as the 18th president of Howard University in Washington D.C. from September 2023 - August 2025. He served as provost of Case Western Reserve University from 2018 to 2023 and as dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at George Washington University from 2013 to 2018.
Enemy Territory: Quake Wars
Enemy Territory: Quake Wars is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Splash Damage and published by Activision for Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game was first released in the PAL region on 	
September 28, 2007, and later in North America on October 2. It is a spinoff of the Quake series and the successor to 2003's Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory.

Quake Wars is a prequel set in the same universe as Quake II and Quake 4. New features include the addition of controllable vehicles and aircraft as well as multiple AI deployables, asymmetric teams, much bigger maps and the option of computer-controlled bot opponents. Unlike Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory, Quake Wars is a commercial release rather than a free download.

Enemy Territory: Quake Wars received positive reviews upon release, with a more mixed reception for the console versions. Since 2011, the rights to the game have reverted to ZeniMax Media.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
Ghattamaneni
Ghattamaneni is a Telugu surname (variants include Gattamneni or Gattamaneni). Notable people with the surname include:

Ghattamaneni Krishna is famous Telugu film actor and producer

Ghattamaneni Mahesh Babu is famous Telugu film actor

Ghattamaneni Manjula is an Indian film producer and actor

Ghattamaneni Ramesh Babu is an Indian film producer and actor

Ghattamaneni Venkat is an Indian entrepreneur and Technologist

Manjula Ghattamaneni
Manjula Swarup (née Ghattamaneni; born 8 November 1970) is an Indian film producer, director and actress known for her work in Telugu Cinema. Born to prominent Telugu actor Krishna, she began her acting career by doing a cameo role in the 1999 film Rajasthan and went on to act as a supporting actor in the Malayalam film Summer in Bethlehem. She found fame by starring in and producing the 2002 film Show. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu and National Film Award for Best Screenplay for that year. She owns a film production company called Indira Productions, named after her mother.
Bernard Nieuwentyt
Bernard Nieuwentijt, Nieuwentijdt, or Nieuwentyt (10 August 1654, West-Graftdijk, North Holland – 30 May 1718, Purmerend) was a Dutch philosopher, mathematician, physician, magistrate, mayor (of Purmerend), and theologian.

Purmerend
Purmerend (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌpʏrməˈrɛnt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The city is surrounded by polders, such as the Purmer, Beemster and the Wormer. Purmerend's population grew relatively slowly until the 1960s, when it increased from around 10,000 to over 80,000 by 2020. This expansion has turned Purmerend into a commuter town; many inhabitants (14,200 in 2011) work, go to school or spend leisure time in Amsterdam. Purmerend is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.

The municipality of Beemster merged into the municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. The extended municipality has a population of about 96,000.
Harbor Point (Subic)
Ayala Malls Harbor Point  is a  shopping mall in Subic Bay Freeport Zone in Zambales, Philippines owned by property development firm Ayala Land, Inc., a real estate subsidiary of Ayala Corporation. It is the first Ayala mall located in Subic Bay and the second in the Central Luzon region.

The Mall is located across the river (a foot bridge essentially connects the two locations) from its significant market competition, SM City Olongapo Downtown, owned by SM Prime Holdings which will become Subic's new Central Business District. The mall was named Harbor Point because of Subic's bayside location.  It was opened on April 26, 2012.

The mall is composed of three major levels.  It also has a Puregold supermarket which serves as the anchor store.

Central Luzon
Central Luzon (Tagalog: Gitnang Luzon; Kapampangan: Kalibudtarang Luzon; Sambal: Botlay a Luzon; Pangasinan: Pegley a Luzon; Ilocano: Tengnga a Luzon), designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises seven provinces: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga (with its capital, City of San Fernando serving as the regional center), Tarlac, and Zambales; and two highly urbanized cities, Angeles and Olongapo. San Jose del Monte is the most populous city in the region. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, earning itself the nickname "Rice Granary of the Philippines". It is also the region to have the most number of provinces.
Lac de Vallon
Lac de Vallon is a lake at Bellevaux in the Haute-Savoie department of France. The lake formed in 1943 when a landslide blocked the flow of the Brévon river. It is within the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark.

Chablais Alps
The Chablais Alps or Chablais Massive (French: Massif du Chablais, pronounced [masif dy ʃablɛ], [ʃable]) are a mountain range in the Western Alps. They are situated between Lake Geneva and the Mont Blanc Massif. The Col des Montets separates them from the Mont Blanc Massif in the south, and the Rhône valley separates them from the Bernese Alps in the east.

The Chablais Alps are composed of two distinct parts separated by the Val d'Illiez: the Dents du Midi massif on the south which contains the highest peaks, and the alpine foothills on the north.
Motive for Movement
Motive for Movement was a Tulsa, Oklahoma indie rock band that formed in 2005. The band consisted of the 4 members now known as Foreign Home. The band has gone through many style shifts since 2005 but consistently combines angular guitar and syncopated drums for a style often described as ambient shoegazing indie rock with Britpop melodic sensibilities.

TBD Records
TBD Records (previously Side One Recordings) was an American record label co-founded by Coran Capshaw and Phil Costello, and is a sublabel of ATO Records, distributed by RED Distribution. The label was founded in August 2007 and quickly announced its first release, the band Underworld's first studio album in five years, Oblivion with Bells.  Side One Recordings gained attention when it was connected with the CD release of Radiohead's 2007 album In Rainbows in the United States and Canada. In 2008 they signed the British band Hatcham Social, releasing their debut album You Dig The Tunnel I'll Hide The Soil in June 2009.
Todos Santos Chocolates
Todos Santos (All Saints in Spanish) is a chocolate shop opened by Hayward Simoneaux in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1999. He began shaping his confections in the shape of Milagros, "small charmlike silver and gold offerings made to saints" in traditional Hispanic cultures, using custom molds and coatings of silver and gold leaf. Simoneaux's skills with those materials were refined as a fine art framer. Todos Santos chocolates are Valrhona-based, though fine packaged chocolates such as Knipschildt and Michel Cluizel originating elsewhere are also sold. The store also offers its own truffles "in flavors like black pepper, burn caramel, and red chile-tangerine", enclosed in "ornate" and "colorful" packaging.

Framer
A framer is someone who builds or creates frames. In construction work, frames may be built from wood or metal and provide support and shape to a structure. In a related sense, framers may create frames for art works, pictures, or mirrors. The term framer is also used for the authors of a formal text such as a constitution.
Usmate Velate
Usmate Velate (Brianzoeu: Oeus Velaa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.

Usmate Velate borders the following municipalities: Casatenovo, Lomagna, Camparada, Carnate, Arcore, Vimercate. It is served by Carnate-Usmate railway station.

Usmate Velate was once knows as Osio, reason for which its Lombard dialect name is Oeus.

Brianzöö dialect
Brianzöö (modern orthography) or Brianzoeu (historical orthography) is a group of variants (Prealpine and Western Lombard – macromilanese) of the Western variety of the Lombard language, spoken in the region of Brianza.
Gagarinsky (inhabited locality)
Gagarinsky (Russian: Гага́ринский; masculine), Gagarinskaya (Гага́ринская; feminine), or Gagarinskoye (Гага́ринское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Gagarinsky (rural locality), a settlement in Bogdanovsky Selsoviet of Uritsky District of Oryol Oblast

Gagarinskoye, a village in Berezyatsky Selsoviet of Tonshayevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Uritsky District
Uritsky District (Russian: Урицкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Oryol Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 838.4 square kilometers (323.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Naryshkino. Population: 18,666 (2010 Census);  20,224 (2002 Census); 19,082 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Naryshkino accounts for 51.3% of the district's total population.
Green Point Lighthouse, KwaZulu-Natal
The Green Point Lighthouse  is a provincial heritage site in Clansthal in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

In 1995 it was described in the Government Gazette as an "unusual cast-iron structure, erected in 1905, [...] the oldest lighthouse on the KwaZulu-Natal coast."

Government Gazette of South Africa
The Government Gazette (Afrikaans: Staatskoerant) is the gazette of record of South Africa. It is the "official organ of Government". The Government Gazette is used by the government as an official way of communicating to the general public.
Appledore, Torridge
Appledore is a village at the mouth of the River Torridge, about 6 miles (10 km) west of Barnstaple and about 3 miles (5 km) north of Bideford in the county Devon, England. It is the home of Appledore Shipbuilders, a lifeboat slipway and Hocking's Ice Cream, a brand of ice cream only sold in North Devon. There are numerous shops, cafes and galleries. The local football club is Appledore F.C. The ward population at the 2011 census increased to 2,814.

St Mary's Church, Appledore
51°03′18″N 4°11′35″W﻿ / ﻿51.055°N 4.193°W﻿ / 51.055; -4.193

St Mary's Church is the parish church of Appledore.  It sits on the Quay overlooking the River Torridge.  The foundation stone of the church was laid in 1836, the church being dedicated two years later.  The sailing ship Marco Polo was used to create the wooden screen.  The creation of a church in Appledore is believed to be due to Protestant dissenters being ejected from nearby Northam Parish Church in 1662 and opening their own chapel in 1699.
Orozco the Embalmer
Orozco the Embalmer (Spanish: Orozco el embalsamador) is a 2001 Spanish-language mondo film directed by Kiyotaka Tsurisaki. It follows a Colombian embalmer named Froilan Orozco Duarte, who is shown living in El Cartucho, an impoverished and crime-ridden area of Bogotá, Colombia, where the homicide rate is high and corpses can be seen on the streets.

The film comprises footage taken over a period of several years, documenting in a graphic cinéma vérité manner Orozco's embalming of corpses. Orozco died during the production of the film.

Embalming
Embalming is the art and science of preserving human remains by treating them with embalming chemicals in modern times to forestall decomposition. This is usually done to make the deceased suitable for viewing as part of the funeral ceremony or keep them preserved for medical purposes in an anatomical laboratory. The three goals of embalming are sanitization, presentation, and preservation, with restoration being an important additional factor in some instances. Performed successfully, embalming can help preserve the body for many years. Embalming has a long, cross-cultural history, with many cultures giving the embalming processes religious meaning.

Animal remains can also be embalmed by similar methods, though embalming is distinct from taxidermy. Embalming preserves the body while keeping it intact, whereas taxidermy is the recreation of an animal's form often using only the creature's skin, fur or feathers mounted on an anatomical form.
East Indies Station
The East Indies Station was a formation and command of the British Royal Navy. Created in 1744 by the Admiralty, it was under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

Even in official documents, the term East Indies Station was often used. In 1941, the ships of the China Squadron and East Indies Squadron were merged to form the Eastern Fleet under the control of the Commander-in-Chief, Eastern Fleet. The China Station then ceased as a separate command. The East Indies Station was disbanded in 1958.

It encompassed Royal Navy Dockyards and bases in East Africa, Middle East, India and Ceylon, and other ships not attached to other fleets. For many years under rear admirals, from the 1930s the Commander-in-Chief was often an Admiral or a Vice-Admiral.

Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)
A vice-admiral (VAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy and equates to the NATO rank code OF-8. It is immediately superior to the rear admiral rank and is subordinate to the full admiral rank.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is lieutenant-general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air marshal.
Nowiny, Złotów County
Nowiny [nɔˈvinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotów, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

For centuries, the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland and the Greater Poland region (often called the "cradle of Poland"), which beginning in the 10th-century formed the heart of the early Polish state. During the Partitions of Poland beginning in 1772, the area was annexed by Prussia. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. In 1945, it rejoined Poland.

Złotów County
Złotów County (Polish: powiat złotowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Złotów, which lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Jastrowie, 17 km (11 mi) northwest of Złotów, Okonek, 23 km (14 mi) northwest of Złotów, and Krajenka, 7 km (4 mi) southwest of Złotów.

The county covers an area of 1,661 square kilometres (641.3 sq mi). As of 2011, its total population is 68,791, out of which the population of Złotów is 18,303, that of Jastrowie is 8,485, that of Okonek is 3,855, that of Krajenka is 3,659, and the rural population is 34,489.
Muccioli
Muccioli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Maria Muccioli (born 1964), Sammarinese politician

Claudio Muccioli (born 1958), Sammarinese politician

Dalia Muccioli (born 1993), Italian cyclist

Giulio Muccioli (born 1978), pharmacologist and bioanalyst

Riccardo Muccioli (born 1974), Sammarinese footballer

Simona Muccioli (born 1984), Sammarinese swimmer

Dalia Muccioli
Dalia Muccioli (born 22 May 1993) is an Italian former racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2012 and 2019, for the Astana BePink Women Team, Alé–Cipollini and Valcar–Cylance teams. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence, and won the Italian National Road Race Championships in the same year.

Following her retirement, Muccioli now works as a tour guide for a cycling tours and adventure company.
Jenny Spangler
Jenny Spangler (born July 20, 1963) is an American long-distance runner. She competed in Atlanta, GA in the women's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics, but dropped out, along with 20 other women. By virtue of winning the Olympic Trials in 2:29:54, she was also the 1996 United States national champion in the marathon. She had run the best time of any U.S. Junior in 1983, clocking 2:33:52 at the Duluth, Minnesota point-to-point Grandma's Marathon. In 1984, she finished the Trials in 2:40:18, in 1988, 2:44.59, and in 2000, in 2:36:30, for 9th place. In 2003 Spangler set a Masters American Record at the Chicago Marathon.

USA Marathon Championships
The USA Marathon Championships is the annual national championships for marathon running in the United States. The race serves as a way of designating the American national champion for the marathon. The men's race was first contested in 1925 and a women's race was added to the program in 1974.

Since 1968, in years which the Summer Olympics are held the event serves as a way of selecting the athletes who will represent the United States at the Olympic Games, with the top three eligible finishers selected to be on the Olympic team and the fourth and fifth eligible finishers being designated as alternates. During these years, the race is more commonly referred to as the United States Olympic trials and it is much more competitive.
Annie Cardin
Annie Cardin (born September 30, 1938) is a French artist. Born in Paris, her work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Asheville Art Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Asheville Art Museum
The Asheville Art Museum is a nonprofit visual art organization in Western North Carolina (WNC) and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. The museum is located on the center square of downtown Asheville, 2 South Pack Square at Pack Place.

The Asheville Art Museum presents exhibitions and public programs based on its permanent collection of 20th and 21st century American art. The museum features regional and national artists through special exhibitions, and showcases works of significance to Western North Carolina's cultural heritage including Studio Craft, Black Mountain College and Cherokee artists. Educational programs for children and adults are also offered.
N-acetyl-1-D-myo-inositol-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside deacetylase
N-acetyl-1-D-myo-inositol-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.103, MshB) is an enzyme with systematic name 1-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol acetylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

1-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O  1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol + acetate

This enzyme mediates the rate limiting step in the mycothiol biosynthesis pathway.

Mycothiol
Mycothiol (MSH or AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is an unusual thiol compound found in the Actinomycetota. It is composed of a cysteine residue with an acetylated amino group linked to glucosamine, which is then linked to inositol. The oxidized, disulfide form of mycothiol (MSSM) is called mycothione, and is reduced to mycothiol by the flavoprotein mycothione reductase. Mycothiol biosynthesis and mycothiol-dependent enzymes such as mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and mycothione reductase have been proposed to be good drug targets for the development of treatments for tuberculosis.
The Grapes of Wrath (opera)
The Grapes of Wrath is an opera in three acts composed by Ricky Ian Gordon to a libretto by Michael Korie based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. It premiered on February 10, 2007 at the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts in Saint Paul, Minnesota in a production by Minnesota Opera. The work has been revised in subsequent years and has also been performed as a two-act concert version.

American Symphony Orchestra
The American Symphony Orchestra is a New York–based American orchestra founded in 1962 by Leopold Stokowski whose mission is to demystify orchestral music and make it accessible and affordable for all audiences. Leon Botstein is the orchestra's music director and principal conductor. They perform regularly at Carnegie Hall and Symphony Space in New York City.
Sequencing batch reactor
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. SBRs treat wastewater such as sewage or output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The treated effluent may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use on land.

Chemical oxygen demand
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter (mg/L). A COD test can be used to quickly quantify the amount of organics in water. The most common application of COD is in quantifying the amount of oxidizable pollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers) or wastewater. COD is useful in terms of water quality by providing a metric to determine the effect an effluent will have on the receiving body, much like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).