hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erebus crystal
An erebus crystal is a crystal of anorthoclase (a type of feldspar) found in the immediate area surrounding Mount Erebus near McMurdo Station, Antarctica.  This type of feldspar is rich in sodium, potassium, and aluminium silicate.  Similar crystals have also been reported on Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro.

Though the formation and growth of these crystals is not well understood, it is evident that the crystals grow in the magma beneath Mount Erebus and are ejected out of the mountain encased in glassy volcanic bombs.  This glass structure quickly weathers away leaving the mountainside covered in crystals.

Aluminium silicate
Aluminum silicate (or aluminium silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from aluminium oxide, Al2O3 and silicon dioxide, SiO2 which may be anhydrous or hydrated, naturally occurring as minerals or synthetic. Their chemical formulae are often expressed as xAl2O3·ySiO2·zH2O. It is known as E number E559.
Krasivaya Mecha
Krasivaya Mecha (Russian: Краси́вая Ме́ча) is a river in Tula and Lipetsk oblasts in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Don, and is 244 kilometres (152 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi). The river freezes over in late November and is icebound until early April.

The town of Yefremov is along the Krasivaya Mecha River.

In his Sketches from a Hunter's Album, Russian writer Ivan Turgenev describes the area surrounding the river as the "Beautiful Lands," in reference to it being regarded as "one of the most beautiful regions in European Russia," according to the endnotes provided by Richard Freeborn for the English translation.

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Idi Minnal Kadhal
Idi Minnal Kadhal (transl. Thunder, lightning, love) is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language suspense thriller film written and directed by debutant Balaji Madhavan and produced by Pavaki Entertainment. It stars Ciby Bhuvana Chandran, Bhavya Trikha, Yasmin Ponnappa, Jay Adithya, Jagan, Radha Ravi and Balaji Sakthivel in central roles.

The film began its production in March 2022 with filming primarily taking place in Chennai and Yelagiri. Following a three-month rigorous schedule, the film completed its shoot in July 2022.

The film released theatrically on 29 March 2024. The Tamil Nadu theatrical release rights of the film were acquired by Dream Warrior Pictures.

Yasmin Ponnappa
Yasmin Ponnappa is an Indian model and actress from Bangalore. After appearing in print media and television commercials, Yasmin first worked as an actress in Thiagarajan Kumararaja's gangster film Aaranya Kaandam (2011).
Bill Cox (runner)
William John 'Spuds' Cox (June 12, 1904 – June 3, 1996) was an American middle-distance runner. Although initially qualifying for the 5,000m team at the 1924 Olympics, he competed in the 3,000m team race. He placed eighth individually, thereby winning a team bronze medal, together with Edward Kirby and Willard Tibbetts.

Cox was educated at the Rochester Shop School, Mercersburg Academy, and Pennsylvania State University. While at Mercersburg he put on several pounds in weight due to his love of potatoes in the school dining room, earning him the nickname 'Spuds'. In later years he returned to Rochester Shop School (then known as Edison Technical School) and taught mathematics for 36 years. Scots American coach Jimmy Curran trained him at Mercersburg.

Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres team race
The men's 3000 metres team event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. It was the third and last appearance of a 3000-metre team race event after the debut in 1912, but the sixth time that a team contest was arranged at the Olympics. The competition was held on Friday, July 11, 1924, and on Sunday, July 13, 1924. Forty-four runners from nine nations competed.
Drina Banovina
The Drina Banovina or Drina Banate (Serbo-Croatian: Drinska banovina, Дринска бановина) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. Its capital was Sarajevo and it included portions of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It was named after the Drina River and, like all Yugoslav banovinas, was intentionally not based on ethnic boundaries. As a result of the creation of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939, its territory was reduced considerably.

Drina
The Drina (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрина, pronounced [drǐːna]) is a 346 km (215 mi) long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube River drainage basin.

The Drina originates from the confluence of the rivers Tara and Piva, in the glen between the slopes of the Maglić, Hum and Pivska Planina mountains, between the villages of Šćepan Polje, Montenegro and Hum, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Benta (instrument)
The benta is a large one-string bamboo zither native to Jamaica. The instrument is an idiochord in that the instrument string is made from the same piece of bamboo that composes the body. The instrument is played by two men sitting astride it at either end, one striking the string and the other changing the pitch of the string by using a gourd-like guitar slide.

The instrument is primarily used to accompany Dinki Mini mourning ceremonies in Saint Mary Parish and Portland Parish.

Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica
Saint Mary (Jamaican Patois: Sint Mieri) is a parish located in the northeast section of Jamaica. With a population of 114,227, it is one of Jamaica's smallest parishes, located in the county of Middlesex. Its chief town and capital is Port Maria, located on the coast.

The parish is the birthplace of established dancehall reggae artists, including Capleton, Lady Saw, Ninjaman, Ini Kamoze, Sizzla, and Tanya Stephens.  Other notable residents of St. Mary parish include author Colin Simpson, who is the great-great grandson of abolitionist James Phillippo,  Jamaican writer and community activist Erna Brodber, and music producer Chris Blackwell, who is credited with discovering reggae icon Bob Marley.
Mars Nederland
Mars Nederland (English: Mars Netherlands) is the Dutch division of Mars, Incorporated, a privately held multi-national company in food, pet care products, and confectionery products. It has its headquarters and main production site in Veghel, North Brabant known as Mars Nederland B.V. A second production site is located in Oud-Beijerland, South Holland. The chocolate factory in Veghel is the largest production site owned by Mars, Incorporated, and is among the largest chocolate factories in the world.

It was opened in 1963. Mars has over 230 sites around the world.

Veghel
Veghel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvɛxəl] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the Southern Netherlands. On 1 January 2017 Veghel, together with Schijndel and Sint-Oedenrode, merged into a new municipality called Meierijstad. This created the largest municipality of the province of North Brabant in terms of land area.
Amrit Velā
Amrit Velā (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਵੇਲਾ, pronunciation: [əmɾɪt̪ᵊ ʋeːläː], lit. 'never ending time') does not refer to a specific time. According to the pahar system of time, most Sikhs typically interpret this time to start at around 3:00 a.m. Guru Nanak in the Japji Sahib (4th Pauri) says, "in amrit velā meditate on the grandeur of the one true Name". The importance of Amrit Vela is found throughout the Guru Granth Sahib. The Guru Granth Sahib states that "those who consider themselves a Sikh must wake up daily at Amrit vela and be in tune with the Naam (the Lord's Name)"

In the SGPC Sikh Rehat Maryada it is written to arise in the Amrit Velā, bathe, and meditate on the divine Naam (through Simran and Naam Japna). Here, Amrit Vela is defined as "three hours before the dawn". Sikhs recite their morning Nitnem during Amrit vela. Traditionally after Nitnem Sikhs meet with the Sangat (congregation) to recite Asa ki Var.

Rehat
Rehat (Punjabi: ਰਹਿਤ, alternatively transliterated as Rehit, Rahit, or Rahat) refers to the rules and traditions which govern the unique Sikh lifestyle and determines correct Sikh orthodoxy and orthopraxy. The Sikh Rehit Maryada (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਰਹਿਤ ਮਰਯਾਦਾ, Sikkh Rahit Maryādā; also transcribed as Sikh Reht Maryada or Khalsa Rehat Maryada) is a code of conduct and conventions for Sikhism. The final version of the Rehat Maryada was controversially approved by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar in 1945. The Rehat Maryada was created to provide guidance to Sikhs (and those desirous of embracing the Sikh faith) on practical and functional aspects of daily life, including the operations of Sikh Gurdwaras, and religious practices to foster cohesion throughout the community. Rehitnāma (meaning "epistles of conduct; plural: Rehitnāme) is a Punjabi term that refers to a genre of Sikh religious literature which expounds upon specifying an approved way of life for a Sikh.
Whitey Ock
Harold David Ock (March 17, 1912 – March 18, 1975) was a professional baseball player who played catcher in one game for the 1935 Brooklyn Dodgers.

He graduated from Bushwick High School before attending Lehigh University where he played college baseball and football. In a 1933 baseball game against Villanova, he played catcher without a facemask or shinguards. He was elected captain of the Lehigh Engineers football team for their 1934 season.

Lehigh University
Lehigh University (LU) is a private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The university was established in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer. Lehigh University's undergraduate programs have been coeducational since the 1971–72 academic year. As of 2022, the university had 5,911 undergraduate students and 1,781 graduate students. The university is classified as "Doctoral Universities R1: Very High Research Activity".
Political Warfare Executive
During World War II, the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was a British clandestine body created to produce and disseminate both white and black propaganda, with the aim of damaging enemy morale and sustaining the morale of countries occupied or allied with Nazi Germany.

White propaganda
White propaganda is propaganda that does not hide its origin or nature. It is the most common type of propaganda and is distinguished from black propaganda which disguises its origin to discredit an opposing cause.

It typically uses standard public relations techniques and one-sided presentation of an argument.  In some languages the word "propaganda" does not have a negative connotation. For example, the Russian word propaganda (пропаганда) has a neutral connotation in some cases, similar to the English word "promotion" (of an opinion or argument). Jacques Ellul, in one of the major books on the subject of propaganda, Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, mentions white propaganda as an acknowledgment of the awareness of the public of attempts being made to influence it. In some states there is a Ministry of Propaganda, for instance; in such a case, one admits that propaganda is being made, its source is known, and its aims and intentions are identified.
Ward Chapel AME Church
The Ward Chapel AME Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal Church building at 319 N. 9th Street in Muskogee, Oklahoma. It was built in 1904, three years before Oklahoma achieved statehood.  It was added to the National Register in 1984.

It was deemed significant as "one of the oldest remaining social institutions in the black community of Muskogee";  it "is the oldest African Methodist Episcopal Church and the second oldest black Protestant church in Muskogee".  It is a one-and-a-half-story 90 by 44 feet (27 m × 13 m) church, built of brick laid in running bond, painted yellow.

The Ward Chapel congregation was founded in 1883.  The 1904 church building "was built in 1904 to accommodate the growing congregation and to serve the spiritual and social needs of Muskogee's black community which numbered over 7,000 at the time of construction."

Muskogee, Oklahoma
Muskogee (/məˈskoʊɡiː/) is the 13th-largest city in Oklahoma and is the county seat of Muskogee County.  It lies approximately 48 miles (77 km) southeast of Tulsa. The population of the city was 36,878 as of the 2020 census, a 6.0% decrease from 39,223 in 2010.
South Hornchurch
South Hornchurch is a locality to the south of Hornchurch in London Borough of Havering, east London. It is a suburban development situated 13.6 miles (21.8 km) east of Charing Cross. The area is a relatively recent addition, compared with the more mature suburbs in Havering. It was built on open farmland and the former site of RAF Hornchurch.

River Ingrebourne
The River Ingrebourne /ˈɪŋɡərˌbɔːrn/ is a tributary of the River Thames 27 miles (43.3 km) in length. It is considered a strategic waterway in London, forming part of the Blue Ribbon Network. It flows through the London Borough of Havering roughly from north to south, joining the Thames at Rainham.
Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey II, called Martel (1006 – 14 November 1060), son of Fulk the Black, was a French knight and Count of Anjou from 1040 to 1060 and Count of Vendôme from 1032 to 1056. He fought battles against William VII, Duke of Aquitaine, Theobald III, Count of Blois, and William, Duke of Normandy. During his twenty-year reign, Geoffrey II faced down the ambitions of the Bishop of Le Mans, Gervais de Château-du-Loir and was able to maintain his authority over the County of Maine. Martel founded the Abbey aux Dames in Saintonge and also, in collaboration with his wife Agnes, founded the Abbaye de la Trinité (Abbey of the Trinity) at Vendôme. He was described in the Gesta Normannorum Ducum as "a treacherous man in every respect, frequently inflicted assaults and intolerable pressure on his neighbors."

County of Saintonge
The County of Saintonge (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃tɔ̃ʒ]), historically spelled Xaintonge and Xainctonge, is a former province of France located on the west central Atlantic coast. The capital city was Saintes (Xaintes, Xainctes). Other principal towns include Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Jonzac, Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, Royan, Marennes, Pons, and Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire.
Taunton National Park
Taunton National Park is situated near the town of Dingo approximately 135 km inland from Rockhampton in eastern Central Queensland, Australia.  The park encompasses an area of 11,626 ha (28,730 acres) within the Northern Brigalow Belt bioregion of Queensland; a region widely recognised to contain considerable biodiversity.

Taunton National Park is designated as a strictly scientific nature reserve due to its importance in ensuring the ongoing survival and protection of the endangered bridled nail-tail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata).  The wallabies protection has facilitated natural regeneration processes within reserve boundaries, protected ecosystem communities from further agricultural disturbances in the surrounding landscape, provided habitats for native fauna and helped conserve a wide range of biodiversity.

Macropodidae
Macropodidae is a family of marsupials that includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons, the quokka, and several other groups. These genera are allied to the suborder Macropodiformes, containing other macropods, and are native to the Australian continent (the mainland and Tasmania), New Guinea and nearby islands. As of 2025 there are 63 recognised living species in this family.
Reign of Terror (demo)
Reign of Terror is a demo album by American death metal band Death, released in October 1984.  An interview of the band's lead vocalist and guitarist Chuck Schuldiner was later re-released in 1985 as “Reign of Terror II” which includes  a set from October 1984.

Along with Death's demo Infernal Death, Reign of Terror "influenced the Death metal scene tremendously", as "their low and guttural nature would become the staple of the genre". Author Ian Christe, in his book Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal, noted that Death's demos "became as heavily shared by tape traders as any well-established act in metal".

Tape trading
Tape trading is an unofficial method of distribution of musical or video content through the postal system, which was prominent in the 1980s and 1990s. Although most commonly used to distribute and publicize limited-release musical demo tapes in underground musical genres such as punk, indie rock, hardcore, post-noise, and extreme metal, the system has also been used to distribute bootleg recordings of live concerts, recordings of radio broadcasts, original radio-style programming by amateur broadcasters, and videotapes of underground films and pornography.

The practice faded in prominence in the 2000s, as the rise of Internet technologies such as audio and video streaming, file sharing services and podcasting largely supplanted the need to mail out physical copies of recorded content. However, a smaller scale network of tape traders still exists as a sort of nostalgic hobby among fans of some musical genres.
Project 6
Project 6, or simply P6, is a global surveillance project jointly operated by the U.S.'s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in close cooperation with the German intelligence agencies Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) and Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (BfV). Nominally a result of efforts to combat terrorism, the project includes a massive database containing personal information such as photos, license plate numbers, Internet search histories and telephone metadata of presumed jihadists. The headquarters of the project is located in Neuss, Germany.

Web browsing history
Web browsing history refers to the list of web pages a user has visited, as well as associated metadata such as page title and time of visit. It is usually stored locally by web browsers in order to provide the user with a history list to go back to previously visited pages. It can reflect the user's interests, needs, and browsing habits.

All major browsers have a private browsing mode in which browsing history is not recorded. This is to protect against browsing history being collected by third parties for targeted advertising or other purposes.
Death of Daniel Nolan
Daniel James Nolan (5 February 1987 – 1 January 2002) was an English boy who vanished around midnight on New Year's Day 2002 from the Hampshire harbour town of Hamble-le-Rice after a fishing expedition with a group of friends.

Hamble-le-Rice
Hamble-le-Rice, commonly known as Hamble, is a village and civil parish in the borough of Eastleigh, in Hampshire, England. It is best known for being a flying training centre during the Second World War and is a popular yachting location.  The village and the River Hamble also featured in the 1980s BBC television series Howards' Way. The village centre, known as The Square, Hamble, has a more traditional English village aesthetic which differentiates it from the small industrial areas (mostly marinas) close to the village. In 2011 it had a population of 4695.
1st U.S. Artillery, Battery F
1st U.S. Artillery, Battery F was a United States Army field artillery battery that was in service between 1821 and 1901, most notably in extensive service with the Union Army during the American Civil War. In that conflict, the battery was engaged at the battles of Pensacola, Fort Bisland, Vermilion Bayou, Port Hudson, and Mansura.

Battle of Vermilion Bayou
The Battle of Vermilion Bayou or Battle of Pinhook Bridge was fought on April 17, 1863, the third battle in a series of running battles between Union Major General Nathaniel Prentice Banks and Confederate Major General Richard Taylor. The battle was fought after both the Battle of Fort Bisland and the Battle of Irish Bend. On October 9, 1863 a skirmish with Confederate & Federal cavalry occurred at the same location.
Death Wish 3
Death Wish 3 is a 1985 American vigilante action-thriller film directed and edited by Michael Winner. A sequel to the 1982 film Death Wish II, it is the third installment and the last to be directed by Winner in the Death Wish film series. It stars Charles Bronson as the vigilante killer Paul Kersey and sees him battling with New York street punk gangs while receiving tactical support from a local NYPD Inspector Richard Shriker (Ed Lauter). Despite being set in New York City, some of the filming was shot in London to reduce production costs. It was succeeded by Death Wish 4: The Crackdown.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
H. R. Hancock
Henry Richard Hancock (1 April 1836 – 14 January 1919), almost invariably referred to as "Captain Hancock", was a mine superintendent in Moonta and Wallaroo, South Australia. He was noted for his business acumen and the respect with which he was held by both workers and mine owners.

Wallaroo, South Australia
Wallaroo is a port town on the western side of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia, 160 kilometres (100 mi) northwest of Adelaide. It is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famed for their historic shared copper mining industry, and known together as "Little Cornwall", the other two being Kadina, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) to the east, and Moonta, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south. In 2016, Wallaroo had a population of 3,988 according to the census held.
Piano Concerto No. 10 (Mozart)
It is not known when Mozart completed his Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra in E-flat major, K. 365/316a, but research by Alan Tyson shows that cadenzas for the first and third movements are written in his and his father's handwriting on a type of paper used between August 1775 and January 1777. However, most sources, including Tyson's book Mozart: Studies of the Autograph Scores or more recently Lindeman's The Concerto: A Research and Information Guide (2006) indicate that it was composed in 1779. It is presumed that Mozart wrote it to play with his sister Maria Anna ("Nannerl"). Years later he performed it in a private concert with pupil Josepha Barbara Auernhammer.

Alan Tyson
Alan Walker Tyson, CBE, FBA (27 October 1926 – 10 November 2000) was a Glasgow-born British musicologist who specialized in studies of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Tyson was Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy.