hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cliff effect
In telecommunications, the (digital) cliff effect or brick-wall effect is a sudden loss of digital signal reception. Unlike analog signals, which gradually fade when signal strength decreases or electromagnetic interference or multipath increases, a digital signal provides data which is either perfect or non-existent at the receiving end. It is named for a graph of reception quality versus signal quality, where the digital signal "falls off a cliff" instead of having a gradual rolloff. This is an example of an EXIT chart.

The phenomenon is primarily seen in broadcasting, where signal strength is liable to vary, rather than in recorded media, which generally have a good signal. However, it may be seen in significantly damaged media that is at the edge of readability.

Signal strength in telecommunications
In telecommunications, particularly in radio frequency engineering, signal strength is the transmitter power output as received by a reference antenna at a distance from the transmitting antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are measured in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m).  For very low-power systems,  such as mobile phones, signal strength is usually expressed in dB-microvolts per metre (dBμV/m) or in decibels above a reference level of one milliwatt (dBm).  In broadcasting terminology, 1 mV/m is 1000 μV/m or 60 dBμ (often written dBu).
Raj Aggarwal
Raj Aggarwal is an author and contributor to the fields of finance and international business studies. Aggarwal was the dean of the University of Akron College of Business Administration from 2006 until 2009. He was elected as a fellow of the Academy of International Business. He has worked as an engineer, financial analyst, strategic planner, department chair, university budget planner and corporate board member. He has authored or co-authored over a dozen books or monographs and over a hundred scholarly articles that have cited over 5,000 times according to his profile in Google Scholar.

Academy of International Business
Academy of International Business (AIB) is an association of international business scholars and specialists. Established in 1959, it has over 3400 members in about 90 countries. Membership is open to organizations as well as individuals.
Bode George
Olabode Ibiyinka George Listenⓘ ("Bode George") (born 21 November 1945) is a Nigerian politician who became Military Governor of Ondo State, and later Chairman of the Nigerian Ports Authority, then national vice-chairman in the southwest zone of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP).

Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is a Nigerian law enforcement and anti-graft agency that investigates financial crimes and unknown transactions such as advance fee fraud (419 fraud) and money laundering. The EFCC was established in 2003, partially in response to pressure from the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), which named Nigeria as one of 23 countries non-cooperative in the international community's efforts to fight money laundering. The agency has its head office in Abuja, Nigeria. The EFCC was also set up to fight against corruption and protect the country from economic saboteurs.
University of Tennessee College of Medicine
The University of Tennessee College of Medicine is one of six graduate schools of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) in downtown Memphis. The oldest public medical school in Tennessee, the UT College of Medicine is a LCME-accredited member of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and awards graduates of the four-year program Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees. The college's primary focus is to provide practicing health professionals for the state of Tennessee.

Association of American Medical Colleges
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. that was established in June 1876. It represents medical schools, teaching hospitals, and academic and scientific societies, while providing services to its member institutions that include data from medical, education, and health studies, as well as consulting. The AAMC administers the Medical College Admission Test and operates the American Medical College Application Service and the Electronic Residency Application Service. Along with the American Medical Association (AMA), the AAMC co-sponsors the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), the accrediting body for all U.S. MD-granting medical education programs.
Thimister-Clermont
Thimister-Clermont (French pronunciation: [timistɛʁ klɛʁmɔ̃]; Walloon: Timister-Clairmont) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

On January 1, 2006, Thimister-Clermont had a total population of 5,296. The total area is 28.69 km2 which gives a population density of 185 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Clermont-sur-Berwinne, and Thimister. Clermont-sur-Berwinne is a member of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie ("The Most Beautiful Villages of Wallonia") association.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Peter Combe
Peter Charles Combe OAM (/ˈkuːm/; born 20 October 1948) is an Australian children's entertainer and musician. At the ARIA Music Awards he has won three ARIA Awards for Best Children's Album, for Toffee Apple (1988), Newspaper Mama (1989) and The Absolutely Very Best of Peter Combe (So Far) Recorded in Concert (1992) and four additional nominations (Chopsticks (1990), Little Groover (1996), Live It Up (2017) and Planet Earth 3rd from the Sun (2023)). His best-known tracks are "Toffee Apple", "Spaghetti Bolognaise", "Mr Clicketty Cane", "Juicy Juicy Green Grass" and "Newspaper Mama". His Christmas Album (November 1990) reached the ARIA Albums Chart top 50.

The Springfields
The Springfields were a British folk-pop vocal trio who had success in the early 1960s in the UK, Australia, US and Ireland.  They included singer Dusty Springfield and her brother, songwriter Tom Springfield, along with Tim Feild, who was later replaced by Mike Hurst.
Ashmont
Ashmont can mean:

Ashmont, Alberta, a hamlet in Canada

Ashmont, Boston, a section of the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts
Ashmont (MBTA station), an MBTA subway station located here

Ashmont, New South Wales, a suburb of Wagga Wagga in Australia

Ashmont, Alberta
Ashmont is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of St. Paul No. 19. It is located near the intersection of Highway 28 and Highway 36, approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) northwest of the Town of St. Paul. It has an elevation is 2,073 feet (632 m).

Ashmont is surrounded by numerous lakes, such as Lower Mann Lakes, Upper Mann Lake, Batty Lake, Lottie Lake, Floatingstone Lake and Garner Lake. Many provincial recreation areas are established on the shores of these lakes.

A first settler named the community after his native home in Ashmont, Boston. Ashmont began as a farming community in the early part of the 20th century.  At its peak in the 1960s it boasted a grain elevator, four general stores, a pool hall, Legion Hall, two gas stations and a school.  As is typical of many small rural communities it has fallen on hard times.  Only one store remains, kept alive by the local lake communities and a relatively large school (K to 12).
Nupe language
Nupe (also known as Anufe, Nupenci, Nyinfe, and Tapa) is a Volta–Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the North Central region of Nigeria. Its geographical distribution stretches and maintains preeminence in Niger State as well as Kwara, Kogi, Nasarawa and the Federal Capital Territory. Nupe is closely related to Kakanda in structure and vocabulary. There are at least two markedly different dialects of Nupe: Nupe central and Nupe Tako.

Geopolitical zones of Nigeria
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is divided into six geopolitical zones, commonly called zones. They are a type of administrative division grouping the country's states, created during the regime of president General Sani Abacha. Nigerian economic, political, and educational resources are often shared across the zones.: 98

The six zones were not entirely carved out based on geographic location, but rather states with similar ethnic groups, and/or common political history were classified in the same zones. Nigeria is made up of approximately 400 ethnic groups and 525 languages. There was a need for the government to merge similar groups for the effective allocation of resources.
Cerutti Mastodon site
32°39′57.4″N 117°03′11.4″W﻿ / ﻿32.665944°N 117.053167°W﻿ / 32.665944; -117.053167

The Cerutti Mastodon site is a paleontological and possible archeological site in San Diego County, California. In 2017, broken mastodon bones at the site were dated to around 130,700 years ago.

The bones were found with cobblestones displaying use-wear and impact marks among the otherwise fine-grain sands. Researchers have proposed that these marks were caused by the intentional breakage of the broken bones by hominins using the cobblestones. If true, that would be older by far than the scientific consensus for habitation of the New World, which generally traces widespread human migration to the Americas to 19,000 to 26,000 years ago,  and tens of thousands of years earlier than any modern human sites outside of Africa.

Cobble (geology)
A cobble (also sometimes called a cobblestone) is a clast of rock defined on the Udden–Wentworth scale as having a particle size of 64–256 millimeters (2.5–10.1 in), larger than a pebble and smaller than a boulder. Other scales define a cobble's size differently. A rock made predominantly of cobbles is termed a conglomerate. Cobblestone is a building material based on cobbles.
2012 CFU Club Championship
The 2012 CFU Club Champions’ Cup was the 14th edition of the CFU Club Championship, the annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). The top three teams in the tournament qualified for the 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League.

Caribbean Football Union
The Caribbean Football Union (CFU) is the representative organization for football associations in the Caribbean. It represents 25 FIFA member nations, as well as 6 territories that are not affiliated with FIFA. The Union was established in January 1978 and its member associations compete in the CONCACAF region.

The CFU runs multiple competitions, including the CFU Club Shield, CONCACAF Caribbean Cup, and youth challenge series.
Anja Meldo
Anja Meldo (born 19 April 1945) is a Finnish orienteering competitor. She received a silver medal in the relay event at the 1966 World Orienteering Championships in Fiskars together with 
Pirjo Ruotsalainen and Raila Hovi.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen
Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen is a 2022 Gujarati historical drama film directed by Nitin Gawde and produced by Umesh Sharma. It is based on the life of Chandel-born Solanki Rajput Queen Naiki Devi, played by Khushi Shah, a warrior queen known for defeating Muhammad of Ghor, played by Chunky Panday, the film is based on Battle of Kasahrada. It was released on 6 May 2022.

Chandel (Rajput clan)
Chandel or Chandela is a Rajput
clan from India. Families belonging to this clan ruled several kingdoms in north India and held various feudal estates. The most notable of these were the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti, who ruled the Bundelkhand region.
Malli Maduve
Malli Maduve (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1963 Indian Kannada-language film directed by G. R. Nathan. The film stars Rajkumar, Udaykumar, Rajashankar and K. S. Ashwath and has a musical score composed by G. K. Venkatesh. The film was a remake of 1949 Tamil film Velaikaari which was based on the play of the same name written by C. N. Annadurai incorporating plot details from the Alexandre Dumas novel The Count of Monte Cristo (1844). Rajkumar plays a dual role, with the second character making a brief appearance of just three seconds on-screen, contributing to an important plot revelation.

G. K. Venkatesh
Gurusala Krishnadas Venkatesh (21 September 1927 – 17 November 1993) was an Indian film score composer who primarily worked in Kannada cinema during the 1960s, 1970s and until the late-1980s. He also composed music for Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil films. He produced numerous master pieces of Kannada film music and also brought in Western background score into Kannada films and scored music for all Bond movies of Rajkumar in the 1960s to 1970s.
Toth Duo
The Toth Duo was founded in 1972 by two members of the New Hungarian Quartet: Andor Toth, violin and Andor Toth Jr., cello. The Toth Duo recorded  a significant album of Duos for Violin and Cello on the ECLECTRA label. The Duo actively performed until the death of Andor Toth Jr. in 2002.

Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály (UK: /ˈkoʊdaɪ/, US: /koʊˈdaɪ/; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály method of music education.
Hossein Keyhani
Hossein Keyhani (Persian: حسین کیهانی; born 26 April 1990 in Songhor, Kermanshah Province) is an Iranian Kurdish runner specializing in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He represented Iran at the 2017 World Championships but failed to reach the final despite setting a new national record of 8:33.76. Earlier that year he became an Asian Champion in the event. In 2018 he won the steeplechase at the Asian Games, setting new national and Asian Games records.

In 2019 Keyhani was banned from competing for four years over a positive doping test for EPO. In 2025, he was banned for second time with a eight-year sanction also for testing positive for EPO.

Sonqor
Sonqor (Persian: سنقر) is a city in the Central District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is in the Zagros Mountains, about 90 kilometers from the province's capital city Kermanshah, and consists of two valleys; that of Gavehrud and Shajarud. Sonqor lies between the modern cities of Kangavar and Sanandaj.
Cherbourg Round Barn
The Cherbourg Round Barn near Little Creek, Delaware is a round barn that was built in 1918.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Now destroyed, its walls were made of poured concrete.

Round barn
A round barn is a historic barn design that could be octagonal, polygonal, or circular in plan. Though round barns were not as popular as some other barn designs, their unique shape makes them noticeable. The years from 1880 to 1920 represent the height of round barn construction. Round barn construction in the United States can be divided into two overlapping eras. The first, the octagonal era, spanned from 1850 to 1900. The second, the true circular era, spanned from 1889 to 1936. The overlap meant that round barns of both types, polygonal and circular, were built during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Numerous round barns in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Torneio Internacional Charles Miller
The Torneio Internacional Charles Miller (also named Taça Charles Miller) was an international football club tournament played by six teams in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, in June and July 1955. According to the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, the competition was sponsored and organized under the auspices of Brazilian Sports Confederation (CBD), including being managed by the entity's Technical Council.

The tournament was contested by teams from Brazil, Uruguay, and Portugal, and played under a single round-robin tournament format. Brazilian side Corinthians won the competition on points.

Jornal do Brasil
Jornal do Brasil, widely known as JB, is a daily newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The paper was founded in 1891 and is the third oldest extant Brazilian paper, after the Diário de Pernambuco and O Estado de S. Paulo. On 31 August 2010 it became a digital newspaper, folding its print edition until 25 February 2018, when it resumed publication.
Candice Davis Price
Candice Davis Price (née Davis, born October 26, 1985) is an American hurdler, On Air Personality, and an Performance Coach. She won gold for the 100 meters hurdles during the 2007 NACAC Championships.

A native of Ann Arbor, Michigan, Candice attended Pioneer High School as a student during her adolescent years. She is married and shares 3 kids to her husband, American football player Brian Price.

Known for being a pioneer for women in sports, Candice has paved the way for young girls by launching her own athletic brand, "Wildchild Athletics." Her brand has established one of the first all girls flag football leagues in the United States.

Apart from her work with "Wildchild Athletics," Candice also runs her own media and advisory company called "Catch Candice Media." She often appears on WDIV Local 4 News as a Sports Anchor, along with being a guest/host of their day time talk show "Live in the D."

Pioneer High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
Pioneer High School is a public high school in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  Founded in 1856, the school was previously called the Union School and Ann Arbor High School.  In 2010, Pioneer was listed as a "Silver Medal School" by the U.S. News & World Report.

For years, Pioneer and cross-town Huron High School were among the largest high schools in the state of Michigan due to overcrowding that was eased with the construction and opening of Skyline High School in 2008.
Kamen Rider OOO
Kamen Rider OOO (仮面ライダーOOO, Kamen Raidā Ōzu) is a 2010–2011 Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company's Kamen Rider Series, being the twelfth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-first overall. It began airing on September 5, 2010, the week following the conclusion of Kamen Rider W, joining Tensou Sentai Goseiger and then Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger in the Super Hero Time lineup, until its conclusion on August 28, 2011. The series' titular Kamen Rider made a cameo appearance in the film Kamen Rider W Forever: A to Z/The Gaia Memories of Fate and a supporting character in other Kamen Rider movies. The series centers around medals, animals, and the themes of desire and greed. The series follows Eiji Hino, who becomes Kamen Rider OOO after obtaining the power of the Core Medals, which are linked to five different animal species (the Hawk, Tiger, Cheetah, Stag Beetle, and Grasshopper) and grant him the ability to transform and use various powers.

Chinatsu Wakatsuki
Chinatsu Wakatsuki (若槻 千夏, Wakatsuki Chinatsu, born 28 May 1984) is a Japanese variety tarento and former gravure idol. Her real name was Chiharu Kurihara (栗原 千春, Kurihara Chiharu) before she got married. She is previously represented with Platinum Production.
Apeton
Apeton is a hamlet in Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. It is located 5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) southwest of Stafford, in the civil parish of Church Eaton and the Borough of Stafford.

Apeton is mentioned as Abetone in the 11th-century Domesday Book, when it was part of the land of Robert de Stafford.

In the 1880s it was in the parish of Gnosall, until parts were transferred to Bradley and Haughton. The boundaries were changed again in 1934, when Church Eaton parish was extended to include Apeton to the north.

Bradley, Staffordshire
Bradley is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 513. It is located close to the A518 road leading to the villages of Haughton and Gnosall towards Telford.
BM Villa de Aranda
Club Balonmano Villa de Aranda is a handball team based in Aranda de Duero, Province of Burgos, Castile and León. It was founded in 2000 and made its debut in Liga ASOBAL in 2012–13 season after achieving the promotion from División de Plata in 2011–12 season.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Mangum Township, Durham County, North Carolina
Mangum Township is one of six townships in Durham County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 5,821 according to the 2000 census.

Geographically, Mangum Township occupies 71.57 square miles (185.4 km2) in northern Durham County.  The township contains small portions of the city of Durham, as well as the unincorporated communities of Bahama and Rougemont.

It includes a portion of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Federal Correctional Complex, Butner.

Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) is a federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all federal prisons in the country and provides for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.
2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was an international field hockey tournament held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 21 to 28 September 2003. It was the sixth edition of the Men's Hockey Asia Cup that started in 1982. The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2006 Men's Hockey World Cup in Germany.

Seven of the eight teams competing in the tournament had qualified via the host nation spot or by finishing in the top six of the previous tournament with the last remaining spot being played between seven teams (which was won by Hong Kong). These eight teams were separated into two groups of four teams with the top two of each group qualifying through to the semi-finals while the bottom two competed for fifth place. After competing in the same group, India and Pakistan competed in the final, which India won 4–2 to take their first title here. South Korea claimed the bronze medal after defeating Japan 4–2.

2006 Men's Hockey World Cup
The 2006 Men's Hockey World Cup was the 11th edition of the Hockey World Cup men's field hockey tournament. It was held 6–17 September 2006 in Mönchengladbach, Germany.

Germany won the tournament for second consecutive time after defeating Australia 4–3 in the final. Spain won the third place match by defeating Korea 3–2 with a golden goal.