hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Thew Burke
George Thew Burke (1776 – February 2, 1854) was a soldier, merchant and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Ballyartella, County Tipperary, Ireland in 1776. He was a captain in the British Army serving in Canada from 1811 to 1818; he fought under Major General Isaac Brock at the Battle of Queenston Heights. In 1818, he became head of the settlement at Richmond, where a number of members of the army had received free land grants, and he set up a store there. He served in the Carleton militia and was named colonel in 1822. He became a justice of the peace in the Johnstown District in 1819 and in the Bathurst District in 1822. He represented Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1824 to 1828. He died in Bytown in 1854.

Carleton County, Ontario
Carleton County is the name of a former county in Ontario, Canada. In 1969, it was superseded by the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton. In 2001, the Regional Municipality and its eleven local municipalities (including Ottawa) were replaced by the current city of Ottawa.
SpeedWeek
SpeedWeek is an American television program on ESPN. For fourteen years, the weekly show aired multiple times in a week. When SpeedWeek ended in 1997, it was the longest-running motorsports magazine show. SpeedWeek covered multiple genres of motorsports, including stock cars, modifieds, sprint cars, midgets, and off-road racing.

Midget car racing
Midget cars, also Speedcars in Australia, is a class of racing cars. The cars are very small, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, and typically use four-cylinder engines. They originated in the United States in the 1930s and are raced on most continents. There is a worldwide tour and national midget tours in the United States, Australia, Argentina and New Zealand.
Shahri Buzurg District
Shahr-e-Bozorg (Persian: شهرستان شهر بزرگ, romanized: Šahrestāne Šahre Bozorg) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province in northeastern Afghanistan. According to latest estimates, approximately 67,000 people live in the district.

The district of Shahr-e-Bozorg is located in the western part of the province, east of Takhar Province and south of the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border. To the northeast is Yawan District, to the east is Yaftali Sufla District and to the southeast is Argo District.

Shahr-e-Bozorg along with the surrounding and nearby districts were affected by the 2005 Hindu Kush earthquake. The district also deals with heavy snow and occasional avalanche during winter seasons.

2005 Hindu Kush earthquake
The 2005 Hindu Kush earthquake hit northeastern Afghanistan with a magnitude of 6.5 on December 12 at 21:47 (UTC). According to the United States Geological Survey, the maximum Mercalli intensity was V (Moderate) at Chitral. Five people were killed in the Hindu Kush region and landslides blocked several roads near Bagh, Kashmir. The earthquake occurred some 65 miles away from Faizabad, a city in the Hindu Kush mountains, but it could be felt in many neighboring areas. It could even be felt about 200 miles away in Islamabad, Pakistan. The quake was strong enough to trigger panic among survivors of October's devastating earthquake, who came out from their makeshift shelters in freezing temperatures. Although magnitude–6 earthquakes typically cause severe damage, this quake caused relatively little because it occurred deep underground (224.6 km (140 mi)).
Nicolas-Guy Turbide
Nicolas-Guy Turbide (born January 12, 1997) is a Canadian Paralympic swimmer who has albinism. He is a two-time Paralympic medallist, a Commonwealth Games champion, a triple Parapan American Games champion and a World silver medallist in the 100m backstroke.

Swimming Canada
Swimming Canada is the national governing body for competitive swimming in Canada. It was established in 1909, as the Canadian Amateur Swimming Association. Swimming Canada oversees the management of all swim programs throughout the nation and provides the foundation for beginner-level athletes to train towards the elite level, with the chance to attend world championships and the Olympic Games. The national headquarters is located in Ottawa, Ontario, with staff dispersed throughout Canada.
2018–19 Liga IV
The 2018–19 Liga IV was the 77th season of Liga IV and the 51st since the 1968 administrative and territorial reorganization of the country, representing the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association played against one from a neighbouring county in a play-off for promotion to Liga III.

This is the second season when the counties were divided into seven regions, each consisting of six counties and the draw was made on 15 February 2019, with four months before the first matches.

Former administrative divisions of Romania
The 41 județe (English: counties) and the municipality of Bucharest comprise the official administrative divisions of Romania. They also represent the European Union' s NUTS-3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania.
Vahan Bichakhchyan
Vahan Bichakhchyan (Armenian: Վահան Բիչախչյան; born 9 July 1999) is an Armenian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Ekstraklasa club Legia Warsaw and the Armenia national team. He is the son of Vardan Bichakhchyan, a former player who most recently managed Ararat Yerevan.

FC Ararat Yerevan
Football Club Ararat Yerevan (Armenian: Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Արարատ Երևան), commonly known as Ararat Yerevan, is an Armenian professional football club based in Yerevan that plays in the Armenian Premier League.

Since 1999 the club has been owned by the Swiss-Armenian businessman Vartan Sirmakes. The badge shows a white eagle standing on a football and is a reference to the club nickname. The badge also displays the name of Ararat in both Latin (Ararat) and Armenian (ԱՐԱՐԱՏ) text.
San Antonio Sporting District
The Sporting District was a red-light district in the U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was established by the city council to manage prostitution in the city. For a time it was one of the nation's largest vice districts with venues ranging from brothels to gambling halls. The area was officially shut down in 1941 resulting from the mobilization for World War II.

The term sporting was a common 19th-century euphemism for gambling and/or prostitution. Many communities around the U.S. used this term; brothels were often referred to as sporting houses.

Red-light district
A red-light district or pleasure district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theaters, are found. In most cases, red-light districts are particularly associated with female street prostitution, though in some cities, these areas may coincide with spaces of male prostitution and gay venues. Areas in many big cities around the world have acquired an international reputation as red-light districts.
Gehn
The Gehn is a small ridge of hills between Bramsche and Ueffeln in Germany's Central Uplands, that are an extension of the Wiehen Hills (German: Wiehengebirge).
The ridge runs from northwest to southeast and is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long and an average of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide. The highest point is the Kettelberg which is 108 m above sea level (NN) high. The Gehn forms a link between the Wiehen Hills and the Ankum Heights (Ankumer Höhe). It is largely forested and is not - like the Ankum Heights- part of a series of ice age terminal moraines from the latest event of the Saalian glaciation, the so-called Drenthe I stage, but is a ridge of Jurassic rock that was pushed up during the folding towards the end of the Cretaceous period.

Like the Wiehen Hills and the Ankum Heights, the Gehn belongs to the North Teutoburg Forest-Wiehen Hills Nature Park (Naturpark Nördlicher Teutoburger Wald-Wiehengebirge).

Central Uplands
The Central Uplands (German: die Mittelgebirge) is one of the three major natural regions of Germany. It stretches east to west across the country. To the north lies the North German Plain or Northern Lowland; to the south, the Alps and the Alpine Foreland.
Sahajanand Saraswati
Sahajanand Saraswati (Hindi: सहजानन्द सरस्वती /sɛɦɛdʒa:nɐnd sɐrɐswɐti/ pronunciationⓘ, 22 February 1889 – 26 June 1950) was an ascetic, a nationalist and a peasant leader of India. Although born in United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), his social and political activities focussed mostly on Bihar in the initial days, and gradually spread to the rest of India with the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha. He had set up an ashram at Bihta, near Patna, Bihar carried out most of his work in the later part of his life from there. He was an intellectual, prolific writer, social reformer and revolutionary.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Knatchbull
Knatchbull is a surname. The surname Knatchbull has the meaning "knock out the bull", i.e. butcher.

Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Knatchbull-Hugessen

Alexandra Knatchbull

Daisy Knatchbull

Dora Knatchbull, married name of Dora Bright (1862–1951), English composer and pianist

Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne

Edward Knatchbull (disambiguation), various people

Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne

John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne

Leonora Knatchbull

Michael Knatchbull

Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne

Nicholas Knatchbull

Norton Knatchbull (disambiguation), various people

Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma

Edward Knatchbull
Edward Knatchbull is the name of:

Sir Edward Knatchbull, 4th Baronet (c. 1670–1730), British MP for Rochester, Kent 1713–1715 & 1722–1727 and Lostwithiel

Sir Edward Knatchbull, 7th Baronet (1704–1789), Irish MP for Armagh

Sir Edward Knatchbull, 8th Baronet (1758–1819), his son, British MP for Kent 1790–1802 & 1806–1819

Sir Edward Knatchbull, 9th Baronet (1781–1849), his son, British MP for Kent 1819–1831 and East Kent, Paymaster-General
Dina (annelid)
Dina is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Erpobdellidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Western Asia.

Species:

Dina absoloni Johansson, 1913

Dina anoculata Moore, 1898

Dina apathyi Gedroyc, 1916

Dina dubia Moore & Meyer, 1951

Dina eturpshem Sket, 1989

Dina farsa Grosser & Pesic, 2006

Dina krasensis (Sket, 1968)

Dina krilata Sket, 1989

Dina kuzmani Sapkarev, 1990

Dina latestriata Neubert & Nesemann, 1995

Dina lepinja Sket & Sapkarev, 1986

Dina lineata (O.F.Müller, 1773)

Dina parva Moore, 1912

Erpobdella lineata
Erpobdella lineata is a leech found in Europe. These leeches show a preference for calcic waters and have a tolerance to pollution. They have a digestive tract that consists of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, six-chambered stomach, three-chambered intestine, rectum, and an anus. Its nervous system contains 21 pairs of cell compartments.
Great Debate (astronomy)
The Great Debate, also called the Shapley–Curtis Debate, was held on 26 April 1920 at the U.S. National Museum in Washington, D.C. between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis. It concerned the nature of so-called spiral nebulae and the size of the universe. Shapley believed that these nebulae were relatively small and lay within the outskirts of the Milky Way Galaxy (then thought to be the center or entirety of the universe), while Curtis held that they were in fact independent galaxies, implying that they were exceedingly large and distant. A year later the two sides of the debate were presented and expanded on in independent technical papers under the title "The Scale of the Universe".

In the aftermath of the public debate, scientists have been able to verify individual pieces of evidence from both astronomers, but on the main point of the existence of other galaxies, Curtis has been proven correct.

Pinwheel Galaxy
The Pinwheel Galaxy (also known as Messier 101, M101 or NGC 5457) is a face-on, counterclockwise intermediate spiral galaxy located 21 million light-years (6.4 megaparsecs) from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries.

On February 28, 2006, NASA and the European Space Agency released a very detailed image of the Pinwheel Galaxy, which was the largest and most detailed image of a galaxy by Hubble Space Telescope at the time. The image was composed of 51 individual exposures, plus some extra ground-based photos.
S number (wool)
An S number on the label of wool suits or other tailored apparel, wool fabric, or yarn, indicates the fineness of the wool fiber  as measured by its maximum diameter in micrometres. Fiber fineness is one of the main factors determining the quality and performance of a wool product. It is an important marketing term used by many mills, garment makers, and retailers. The range starts from the coarsest  "Super 80s" wool of 19.75 micron and extends to the finest "Super 250s" wool of merely 11.25 micron in diameter.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
In Old Kentucky (1919 film)
In Old Kentucky is a 1919 American silent drama film produced by Louis B. Mayer and distributed through First National Attractions, later First National Pictures. The picture was directed by Marshall Neilan and starred Anita Stewart. It was based on the play In Old Kentucky  by Charles T. Dazey.

Neilan and Mayer worked often together at this time, but after Mayer became head of MGM in 1924, the two had a falling-out which revealed each man disliking the other fiercely. Neilan was vocal about his dislike of Mayer, which damaged his Hollywood career.  Later, not finding work at the major studios, Neilan ended his career directing B movies.

Later, as head of MGM, Mayer had the film remade in 1927. In 1935, Will Rogers made a sound version at Fox.

MGM has preserved the film.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Walter Buchgraber
Walter Buchgraber (Vienna, 21 November 1938 – December 1992) was an Austrian sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1960s. At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, he was eliminated in the repechages of the K-1 4 × 500 m event.

Canoeing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 4 × 500 metres
The men's K-1 4 × 500 metres event was a relay kayaking event conducted over 500 meters as part of the Canoeing at the 1960 Summer Olympics program on Lake Albano. This would be the only time this event was held in the Summer Olympics though it was part of the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships from 1948 to 1975.
Tara Schmitz
Tara Schmitz (born March 16, 1998) is a German ice hockey player. She is a member of the Germany women's national ice hockey team that participated in women's ice hockey tournament at the 2026 Winter Olympics. During the 2024–25 season, she was named team captain of Mad Dogs Mannheim.

Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics took place in Milan, Italy, between 5 and 19 February 2026. Ten countries qualified for the tournament; six via ranking by the IIHF, three via qualification tournaments, and Italy as hosts. Russia and Belarus were banned from competing due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine; players from those two countries were also disallowed from competing under the banner of "Individual Neutral Athletes" (AIN) like those athletes in other Olympic team events.

Canada were the defending champions, having won in 2022. The United States won the gold medal by defeating Canada 2–1 in OT in the gold medal game. Switzerland won the bronze medal for the second time in history.
Nayar (name)
Nayar or Nayyar is a surname that is found among Khatri community which are majorly Hindus with a minority of Sikhs and Muslims. The belong to the "Sareen" division among the Khatris. They were mostly concentrated in the Majha region especially in the districts of Gujrat, Lahore, Okara, Nankana Sahib and Sialkot before 1947. Nayyar families were known to have been qanungos (governors) in the town of Kunjah in Gujrat district, Punjab.

As a custom, milk is never churned in Nayyar families because one of their ancestors died of drinking whey in which a snake had got accidentally churned.

Nankana Sahib District
Nankana Sahib District is a district within the Lahore Division of Punjab, Pakistan. Nankana Sahib is the seat of the district government, and Shahkot is the largest urban center. The district of Nankana Sahib is located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Lahore and about 53 kilometres (33 mi) east of Faisalabad. Until 2005, it was part of Sheikhupura District.
1974 LPGA Tour
The 1974 LPGA Tour was the 25th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from February 1 to November 24. The season consisted of 32 official money events. JoAnne Carner and Sandra Haynie won the most tournaments, six each. Carner led the money list with earnings of $87,094.

The season saw the first tournament in Mexico, the Bing Crosby International Classic. There were three first-time winners in 1974: Bonnie Bryant, Gail Denenberg, and Sue Roberts. Bryant was the first, and through 2016 only, left-handed golfer to win on the LPGA Tour.

Kathy Whitworth won the LPGA's annual tour stop in St. Petersburg for a fifth time. Only three other golfers in tour history have won the same event five times.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Sandra Haynie
Sandra Jane Haynie (born June 4, 1943) is an American former professional golfer on the LPGA Tour starting in 1961. She won four major championships, 42 LPGA Tour career events, and is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Bennett's Hole
Bennett's Hole is a 1.2 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Mitcham in the London Borough of Merton. According to the Natural England details page about the site, it is owned by Merton Council.

The reserve is a narrow strip along the east bank of the River Wandle. It has areas of woodland, marsh, scrub and an open ditch. Trees include crack willow and oak, and there is a variety of tall herbs. There is access from Willow Lane.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Lenia
Lenia is a family of cellular automata created by Bert Wang-Chak Chan. It is intended to be a continuous generalization of Conway's Game of Life, with continuous states, space and time. As a consequence of its continuous, high-resolution domain, the complex autonomous patterns ("lifeforms" or "spaceships") generated in Lenia are described as differing from those appearing in other cellular automata, being "geometric, metameric, fuzzy, resilient, adaptive, and rule-generic".

Lenia won the 2018 Virtual Creatures Contest at the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference in Kyoto, an honorable mention for the ALIFE Art Award at ALIFE 2018 in Tokyo, and Outstanding Publication of 2019 by the International Society for Artificial Life (ISAL).

Spaceship (cellular automaton)
In a cellular automaton, a finite pattern is called a spaceship if it reappears after a certain number of generations in the same orientation but in a different position. The smallest such number of generations is called the period of the spaceship.
2024 Roller Hockey World Cup
The 2024 Men's Roller Hockey World Cup was the 46th edition of the Roller Hockey World Cup, organised by World Skate. The tournament was held in Italy, in the city of Novara, as part of the 2024 World Skate Games.

It took place alongside the women's tournament, which followed the same format.

Spain claimed their 18th world title.

World Skate
World Skate is the only governing body in the world for all sports performed on skating wheels. The organisation is the successor of the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS) founded on 21 April 1924.
Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837
Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 is a history written in 1992 by Linda Colley.  Britons charts the emergence of British national identity from the Act of Union in 1707 with Scotland and England to the beginning of the Victorian era in 1837. British identity, she argues, was created from four features that both united the Britons and set the nation apart from others:

Britain is a Protestant state defined against a largely Catholic Europe;

it is an island nation with a strong navy rather than a massive army;

it is a metropole;

it is a direct rival to France.

Colley's analysis of the source of British identity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries led her to wonder whether British identity will survive in the future, now that so much of what made the Britons British – religion, Empire, disaffiliation from the Continent – has been lost. Britons won the Wolfson History Prize in 1992.

Linda Colley
Dame Linda Jane Colley (born 13 September 1949 in Chester, England) is an expert on British, imperial and global history from 1700. She is currently Shelby M. C. Davis 1958 Professor of History at Princeton University. She previously held chairs at Yale University and at the London School of Economics. Her work frequently approaches the past from inter-disciplinary perspectives.