hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ft. Frank Turner
"Ft. Frank Turner" is a non-album single by the American hardcore band The Armed featuring archived vocal tracks of folk punk musician Frank Turner. The song was posted online for streaming exclusively at Adult Swim on June 5, 2019 as a part of Williams Street Records' Adult Swim Singles series. The following day, the song was made available on most major digital streaming sites through Sargent House. The Armed announced they had signed with the label coinciding with the release of "Ft. Frank Turner". Turner claims he did not authorize use of his vocal tracks for the song and was surprised by the release. The single's cover art features Frank Carter of Gallows, Pure Love and Frank Carter & The Rattlesnakes.

Pure Love (band)
Pure Love was an English-American rock band formed in 2011 by former Gallows frontman Frank Carter and ex-The Hope Conspiracy and Suicide File guitarist Jim Carroll, after Carter's departure from Gallows due to "creative differences". The band's musical style was a marked change from the hardcore punk backgrounds of the members.
Armstrong Musgrove
Armstrong H. Musgrove (March 26, 1854 – March 28, 1940) was an educator and political figure in Ontario. He represented Huron North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1908 to 1918 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Pickering township, the son of John Musgrove and Mary A. Armstrong, both natives of Ireland. In 1881, Musgrove married Margaret Simpson. He was a school teacher and principal. Musgrove was defeated when he ran for the Huron East seat in the Ontario assembly in 1890.

His brother George also served in the assembly. He died at Wingham, Ontario, in March 1940 and was buried at Wingham Cemetery.

Huron North (provincial electoral district)
Huron North was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1867 to 1874, and again from 1908 to 1934, when it was abolished into Huron—Bruce. It consisted of the northern areas of Huron County.
Thomas Williams (Alabama politician)
Thomas Williams (August 11, 1825 – April 13, 1903) was a United States representative from Alabama.

Williams was born near Richmond, Virginia.  He graduated from the University of East Tennessee in Knoxville. He was admitted to the Alabama bar in 1852 and began practicing law in Wetumpka, Alabama.

Williams held various minor public offices over the years, such as justice of the peace and register of chancery.  In 1872, he was appointed prison inspector. In 1878, he was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1885.

After leaving office, Williams returned to Wetumpka and took up farming until his death at age 77 in Alabama .

Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.
Lucélia Santos
Maria Lucélia dos Santos (born 20 May 1957) is a Brazilian actress, director and producer. She received international acclaim for her leading role in the 1976 Rede Globo telenovela Isaura, The Slave Girl, broadcast in over 80 countries.

Malhação
Malhação (Brazilian Portuguese: [maʎa'sɐ̃w], Young Hearts in English) is a Brazilian soap-opera that aired on TV Globo from 4 March 1995 to 3 April 2020. The series is targeted at a teenage audience. Each season runs for about a year with cast members changing every season.
Board game development
Board game development is the entire process of creating, developing and producing a board game. It includes game design, product development, funding, marketing and promotion. The process of board game design bears certain similarities to software design.

Funding
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources.

Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes.
2021 Iași Open – Doubles
Rafael Matos and João Menezes were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Orlando Luz and Felipe Meligeni Alves won the title after defeating Hernán Casanova and Roberto Ortega Olmedo 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Hernán Casanova
Hernán Casanova (born 6 February 1994) is an Argentine tennis player.

Casanova had a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 221 achieved on 24 October 2022. Casanova also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 160 achieved on 24 October 2022.

Casanova made his ATP doubles main draw debut at the 2022 Argentina Open after entering into the main draw as alternates with Sergio Galdós.

Casanova also made his ATP singles main draw debut at the 2022 Generali Open Kitzbühel as a qualifier where he lost to Jurij Rodionov.
Mayors in Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, if a local government district has borough status then the chairman and vice chairman of the borough council may be styled mayor and deputy mayor, respectively. These provisions date from the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972; some towns already had borough status which was carried over to their post-1972 district, while other districts later petitioned for a charter granting borough status. The head of Belfast City Council has been styled Lord Mayor of Belfast since 1892.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Wacholder
Wacholder is a juniper-flavored distilled beverage and a regional variety of gin. It is produced predominantly in Westphalia, Emsland, Lippe, and the Rhineland. One of the oldest operating Wacholder distilleries is the Brennerei Eversbusch in Hagen, founded in the 18th century. Wacholder is the German word for "juniper".

In Austria and regions of Bavaria, Wacholder is referred to as Kranewitter, which is a regional term for the juniper plant. In Germany, Wacholder spirit can be used as an umbrella term for all juniper-flavored spirits such as Genever, Gin, Köm, Kranewitter, Krambambuli, and Steinhäger. A similar beverage, Borovička, is popular in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

It is strong-flavored owing to its method of distillation, and is traditionally served chilled as a neat shot, with a beer chaser.

Shot glass
A shot glass is a glass originally designed to hold or measure spirits or liquor, which is either imbibed straight from the glass ("a shot") or poured into a cocktail ("a drink"). An alcoholic beverage served in a shot glass and typically consumed quickly, in one gulp, may also be known as a "shooter" or “shot”.

Shot glasses decorated with a wide variety of toasts, advertisements, humorous pictures, or other decorations and words are popular souvenirs and collectibles, especially as merchandise of a brewery.
Childress, Texas
Childress (/ˈtʃɪldrɪs/ CHIL-driss) (established 1887; incorporated 1890) is a city in and the county seat of Childress County, Texas, United States. Its population was 5,737 at the 2020 census.

The city and county were named after George Campbell Childress, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, who was the principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. The county and city were incorporated more than four decades after Childress' death.

Texas Declaration of Independence
The Texas Declaration of Independence, adopted on March 2, 1836 at the Convention of 1836 in Washington-on-the-Brazos, formally declared Texas's independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution. It was signed by delegates the following day after corrections were made to the text.
Chuang Chia-jung
Chuang Chia-jung (Chinese: 莊佳容; pinyin: Zhuāng Jiāróng; Taiwanese  Mandarin: [tswáŋ.tɕjá zʊ̌ŋ]; born 10 January 1985) is a Taiwanese former tennis player.

In her career, she won 22 doubles titles on the WTA Tour and three doubles titles on tournaments of the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as ten singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 13 November 2006, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 177. On 18 August 2008, she peaked at No. 5 in the WTA doubles rankings.

On 28 October 2018, Chuang announced her retirement from pro tour and her marriage via Instagram.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
2025 in archosaur paleontology
New taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind were described during the year 2025 (or scheduled to), and other studies related to the paleontology of archosaurs were published that year.

Paleontology portal

History of science portal

dinosaurs portal

Cf.
The abbreviation cf. (for Latin confer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is generally used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed. Different style guides offer differing advice.

In Italian, the abbreviation "cfr." (confronta, 'confront') is more common than "cf."
Treaty of Chaguaramas
The Treaty of Chaguaramas established the Caribbean Community and Common Market, popularly known as CARICOM. It was signed on 4 July 1973 in Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago. It was signed by Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. It came into effect on 1 August 1973. The treaty established the regional institution while replacing the Caribbean Free Trade Association which ceased to exist on 1 May 1974.  The revised treaty, signed in 2001, created the Caribbean Single Market and Economy.

In addition to economic issues, the Community instrument addressed issues of foreign policy coordination and functional cooperation. Issues of economic integration, particularly those related to trade arrangements, were addressed in the CSME Annex.

A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) was signed in 2001.

Economic integration
Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states, through the partial or full abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade.

The trade-stimulation effects intended by means of economic integration are part of the contemporary economic Theory of the Second Best: where, in theory, the best option is free trade, with free competition and no trade barriers whatsoever. Free trade is treated as an idealistic option, and although realized within certain developed states, economic integration has been thought of as the "second best" option for global trade where barriers to full free trade exist.

Economic integration is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers with the goal of increasing the level of welfare, while leading to an increase of economic productivity of the states.
Rachel Quick Buttz
Rachel Nelson Quick Buttz (October 14, 1847 – September 6, 1923) was an American memoirist and poet.

She was born Rachel Nelson Quick near Columbus, Indiana on October 14, 1847, the daughter of Tunis Quick, a judge and state legislator, and Susannah Record Quick.  She graduated from North-Western Christian University (now Butler University) in 1871, which was one of the earliest coeducational colleges in the United States.  She married Samuel Buttz.

Buttz published two books. Blades and Blossoms (1911) was a collection of poetry.  A Hoosier Girlhood (1924) was a memoir of her childhood that she wrote for her daughter Mabel.

Rachel Quick Buttz died on September 6, 1923, aged 75, in Bartholomew County, Indiana.

Butler University
Butler University is a private university in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1855 and named after founder Ovid Butler, the university has over 60 major academic fields of study within six colleges in the arts, business, communication, education, liberal arts and the sciences, and health sciences. It enrolls approximately 5,700 undergraduate and graduate students. Its 295-acre (119 ha) campus is approximately five miles (8.0 km) north of downtown Indianapolis.
2008 Portuguese motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2008 Portuguese motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 2008 MotoGP Championship. It took place on the weekend of 11–13 April 2008 at the Autódromo do Estoril located in Estoril, Portugal.

This race would mark the first start in Grand Prix motorcycle racing for future multiple time MotoGP champion Marc Márquez. Márquez had entered the previous round at Jerez, but withdrew before the race began.

Circuito do Estoril
The Circuito do Estoril or Autódromo do Estoril (Estoril Circuit), officially known as Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva, is a motorsport race track on the Portuguese Riviera, outside of Lisbon, owned by state-run holding management company Parpública. Its length is 4.182 km (2.599 mi). It was the home of the Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix from 1984 to 1996. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
3714 Kenrussell
3714 Kenrussell, provisional designation 1983 TT1, is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 12 October 1983, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. It was named for Australian astronomer Kenneth S. Russell. The presumably stony asteroid has a rotation period of 5.25 hours.

Anderson Mesa Station
Anderson Mesa Station is an astronomical observatory established in 1959 as a dark-sky observing site for Lowell Observatory. It is located at Anderson Mesa in Coconino County, Arizona, about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Lowell's main campus on Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Women's Action Alliance
The Women's Action Alliance (WAA), or simply the Alliance, was a feminist organization in the United States which was active from 1971 to 1997. It was founded by Gloria Steinem, Brenda Feigen Fasteau and Dorothy Pitman-Hughes. The board of directors of the WAA included several notable feminists such as Bella Abzug and Shirley Chisholm. The WAA's mission was to assist local activists through technical and communications support and through them, to create change on a national scale.

The group created a network of feminist activists, coordinated resources, and led initiatives on a number of issues. The WAA helped to raise discussion for a national agenda of feminist legislation, developed strategies for countering gender stereotypes in developmental education, and helped open the first battered women's shelters.

Bella Abzug
Bella Abzug (/ˈæbzʊɡ/; née Savitzky; July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed "Battling Bella", was an American lawyer, politician, social activist, and a leader in the women's movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus. She was a leading figure in what came to be known as ecofeminism.

In 1970, Abzug's first campaign slogan was, "This woman's place is in the House—the House of Representatives." She was later appointed to co-chair the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year created by President Gerald Ford's executive order, presided over the 1977 National Women's Conference, and led President Jimmy Carter's National Advisory Commission for Women. Abzug was a founder of the Commission for Women's Equality of the American Jewish Congress.
Allium parvum
Allium parvum is an American species of wild onion known by the common name small onion. It is native to the western United States where it is a common member of the flora in rocky, dry areas in mountainous areas, especially in talus at elevations of 1,200–2,800 m (3,900–9,200 ft). It is widespread in California, Nevada, Oregon and Idaho, and also reported from western Utah and from extreme southwestern Montana (Ravalli and Beaverhead Counties).

Allium parvum has a bulb one to two and a half centimeters wide and bears a relatively short scape for an onion species, rarely more than 12 centimeters tall. The two leaves are sickle-shaped. Atop the stem is an umbel of fewer than 30 flowers, which are generally pale pink with prominent dark midveins. Anthers are purple or yellow; pollen yellow.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Bovec sheep
The Bovec (Slovene: bovška ovca, Italian: Plezzana, German: Krainer Steinschaf) is a breed of domestic sheep from the upper valley of the Soča or Isonzo river, now in Slovenia. The breed is named in both Slovenian and in Italian for the town of Bovec or Plezzo; in the Trenta valley it may also be called Trentarka. It is raised in the Soča valley in Slovenia, in the areas of Resia and Tarvisio in Friuli in Italy, and in Styria and Carinthia in Austria. The breed is raised for milk and for meat.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Acacia dimidiata
Acacia dimidiata, commonly known as swamp wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a slender shrub or tree with corrugated bark, obliquely egg-shaped phyllodes with a rounded base, spikes of deep yellow to golden yellow flowers and more or less straight, crusty pods. It is also known as pari in the MalakMalak and Matngala languages, garninyjan in the Wagiman language, and as wirril in the Warray language.

Warray language
Warray (Waray) was an Australian language spoken in the Adelaide River area of the Northern Territory.

Wulwulam (Worrwolam) may have been a dialect. Ngorrkkowo may have been another name for Wulwulam.
El Cantante del Ghetto
El Cantante del Ghetto is the debut studio album by Colombian singer Ryan Castro. The album was released on May 9, 2024, through Sony Music Latin. It contains guest appearances from COQE, La Eterna, Arcángel, SOG, Yandel, Jowell & Randy, Onyl, Blessd, Zion, Peso Pluma, Ñengo Flow, Myke Towers, Natan & Shander, Akapellah, Totoy el Frio, and Rich the Kid.

Blessd
Stiven Mesa Londoño (born 27 January 2000), known professionally as Blessd, is a Colombian rapper, singer and songwriter. Born in Itagüí, he has worked with well-known artists such as Maluma, Justin Quiles, and Myke Towers.

In October 2021, Blessd signed with Warner Music Latina and released his first studio album, Hecho en Medellín. His most popular song from the album, entitled "Medallo", has reached number 1 in Colombia and has over 100 million views on YouTube. In March 2022, he was nominated for three Heat Latin Music Awards, including Best New Artist, Best Artist – Andean Region and Best Collaboration for the song "Medallo".
Aleksandr Shumidub
Aleksandr Shumidub (17 March 1964 – 13 July 2019) was a Belarusian ice hockey player and manager. Shumidud played in the Soviet Hockey League and the Russian Superleague for HC Dinamo Minsk. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1998 Winter Olympics for Belarus.

HC Dinamo Minsk
Hockey Club Dinamo Minsk or HC Dinamo Minsk (Russian: Дина́мо-Минск; Belarusian: Дынама-Мінск, Dynama-Minsk) is a professional ice hockey club based in Minsk, Belarus. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Dinamo has qualified for the KHL playoffs (Gagarin Cup) nine times: in the 2010–11, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24 and 2024–25 KHL seasons. The team has not won a single round in the Gagarin Cup playoffs, losing in all nine series in a combination of 2nd round and 1st round losses.
UNCOVER-z12
UNCOVER-z12 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project in November 2023. UNCOVER-z12 is within the Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor. It is the 8th-most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy ever discovered as of 2025, and is estimated to be 32.21 giga-lightyears from Earth.

Supercluster
A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; they are among the largest known structures in the universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy group (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in turn is part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is part of the Laniakea Supercluster, which is part of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex. The large size and low density of superclusters means that most of them, unlike clusters, expand with the Hubble expansion. The number of superclusters in the observable universe is estimated to be 10 million.