hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turana (ward)
Biturana is an administrative ward in Muhambwe Constituency in Kibondo District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 3,958 people in the ward.: 125

Prior to 2014 Bitarana was a village of Kibondo Mjini ward.

Kigoma Region
Kigoma Region (Mkoa wa Kigoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with the city of  Kigoma as the regional capital. Kigoma Region borders Kagera Region, Geita Region, Katavi Region, Tabora Region, DRC and Burundi According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 2,127,930, which was higher than the pre-census projection of 1,971,332.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the sixteenth most densely populated region with 57 people per square kilometer.: page 6  With a size of 45,066 square kilometres (17,400 sq mi), the region is slightly smaller than Estonia (45,227 square kilometres (17,462 sq mi)).
Caturla
Caturla is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro García Caturla (1906–1940), Cuban composer

Antonio Vidal Caturla (1923–1999), Spanish footballer

Eduardo Caturla (born 1953), Spanish football manager

Manuel Torres Caturla (born 1989), Spanish footballer

Teté Caturla (1937–2023), Cuban singer

Eduardo Caturla
Eduardo Caturla Vázquez (born 25 November 1953) is a Spanish former football manager. His managerial career, beginning in his late 20s, was mostly spent in the lower leagues, besides spells in the Segunda División with Salamanca (1989) and Mérida (1991).
Mantana Morakul
Mantana Keartiwongs is known by the original name Mantana Morakul (Thai: มัณฑนา โมรากุล, RTGS: Manthana Morakun; born March 30, 1923) was the first female singer in The Public Relations Department band, Luk Krung singer and the Early Era singer of The Suntaraporn Band. Mantana also is the National artist of 2009 in Performing arts (Thai music – singing).

Luk krung
Luk krung (Thai: ลูกกรุง, pronounced [lûːk krūŋ]; lit. 'child of the city') is a genre of Thai music. It is a more polished, urban style, compared to its folk music counterpart, luk thung. Luk krung songs commonly feature themes about feelings of society, people in the capital and occurrences that happen in the period of time. The emotions, the singing, the tone of singer, the songwriter and musicians all form to create an exquisite, delicate and gentle sound. The style of the music and lyrics are similar to poetry and the meaning of lyrics is complex.
Reginald Jagers III
Reginald "Reggie" Jagers III (born August 28, 1994) is an American athlete specializing in the discus throw. He won the gold medal at the 2017 Summer Universiade.

Jagers was an All-American thrower for the Kent State Golden Flashes track and field team, finishing runner-up in the discus at the 2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

He set the left handed discus world record while competing at the 2018 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

In 2019, he won the bronze medal at Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.

He qualified to represent the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2024 Summer Olympics in the discus throw event.

2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 96th NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 36th NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held for the fifth consecutive year at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. In total, forty-two different men's and women's track and field events were contested from June 7 to June 10, 2017.
2,147,483,647
The number 2147483647 is the eighth Mersenne prime, equal to 231 − 1. It is one of only four known double Mersenne primes.

The primality of this number was proven by Leonhard Euler, who reported the proof in a letter to Daniel Bernoulli written in 1772. Euler used trial division, improving on Pietro Cataldi's method, so that at most 372 divisions were needed. It thus improved upon the previous record-holding prime, 6,700,417 – also discovered by Euler – forty years earlier. The number 2,147,483,647 remained the largest known prime until 1867.

In computing, this number is the largest value that a signed 32-bit integer field can hold.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.
Augusto Rodríguez (musician)
Augusto Rodríguez a.k.a. "Tito" (February 9, 1904 – January 5, 1993) was a music composer pianist chorus bandleader and  director. Augusto Rodríguez was the founder of the Choir of the University of Puerto Rico.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Rokan Hulu Palace
The Rokan Hulu Palace (Indonesia: Istana Rokan Hulu) is located in the regency of Rokan Hulu, Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

The wooden palace is approximately two hundred years old and was constructed by the Rokan Hulu kingdom, a small kingdom of the Malayu people. It was the residence of the sultan and his family.

The building is notable not only as a relic of this lost kingdom but also due to its architecture. The palace features some outstanding examples of traditional wood-carving. It follows the traditional design of an old, Malayu 'rumah tinggi' house, with a soaring roof and a projecting porch. The palace is now protected as a national monument.

National Monument (Indonesia)
The National Monument (Indonesian: Monumen Nasional, abbreviated Monas) is a 132 m (433 ft) obelisk in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence. This monument is crowned with a flame covered in gold leaf which symbolizes the burning spirit of struggle of the Indonesian people.

Construction began in 1961 under the direction of President Sukarno, and the monument was opened to the public in 1975. The monument and the museum are open daily from 08:00 to 16:00 Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7) throughout the week except for Mondays when the monument is closed. Since April 2016, the monument is also open during night time, from 19:00 to 22:00 on Tuesdays to Fridays, and from 19:00 to 00:00 on Saturdays and Sundays.
Kristi Miller
Kristi Miller-North (born December 22, 1985) is an American former professional tennis player. She was raised in Marysville, Michigan and played collegiate tennis for Georgia Tech.

Miller made history in 2005 as Georgia Tech's first female All-American and was a winner of the 2005–06 Honda Sports Award. In 2006-07, she was a member of Georgia Tech's NCAA championship winning team. They secured the title by beating UCLA in the championship match at home in Athens and contributed with a win over Riza Zalameda in No. 1 singles.

A right-handed player, Miller competed briefly on the professional tour after graduation and won three ITF titles in doubles. Her best performance on tour came while she was still at Georgia Tech in 2005, when she teamed up with Megan Bradley to make the second round of the US Open women's doubles.

2005 US Open (tennis)
The 2005 US Open was the fourth and final Grand Slam of 2005. It was held between August 29, 2005, and September 11, 2005.

Roger Federer was successful in defending his 2004 title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final. Svetlana Kuznetsova was unsuccessful in her title defense, losing in the first round against compatriot Ekaterina Bychkova. Kim Clijsters won her first Grand Slam title after four previous Grand Slam final losses. It was the first of three US Open titles for Clijsters, also winning in 2009 and 2010. This was the first time that future US Open (Tennis) champion Andy Murray was featured in the tournament.
Ownby
Ownby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Ownby (b. 1990), American soccer player

Dan Ownby (b. 1968), American Scout volunteer

James P. Ownby (1845–1906), American politician and farmer

Ben Ownby (b. 1993 or 1994)

Michael J. Devlin
Michael John Devlin (born November 19, 1965) is an American criminal convicted of kidnapping and child sexual abuse of two young boys, Shawn Hornbeck and Ben Ownby. He is serving 74 life sentences plus 2,020 years at Crossroads Correctional Center in Cameron, Missouri. His life sentences are 30 years each; his total sentence is 4,240 years.
Cuvée des Trolls
Cuvée des Trolls is a beer brewed at the Dubuisson Brewery in Pipaix in Belgium and also by the Brasse-Temps micro-breweries in Louvain-la-Neuve and Mons. Its logo is a little troll with a pointy nose, who is wearing a green hat which is a hop cone.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Ben Moore (composer)
Ben Moore (born January 2, 1960) is an American composer whose works include art song, musical theatre, cabaret, chamber music, choral music and opera.  His songs have been recorded by Deborah Voigt, Susan Graham Nathan Gunn and Lawrence Brownlee on the EMI, SonyBMG, Warner Classics and Opus Arte labels.  Other singers who have performed his music include Frederica von Stade, Jerry Hadley, Robert White, and Audra McDonald.

Warner Classics
Warner Classics is the classical music arm of Warner Music Group. The label began issuing new recordings under the Warner Classics banner in 1991. The company also includes the Erato Records and Teldec Records labels. Based in France, Warner Classics also distributes the Elektra Nonesuch, Finlandia, Lontano, NVC Arts, Warner Apex, Warner Elatus and Warner Fonit labels.
Burnet Cave
Burnet Cave (also known as Rocky Arroyo Cave of Wetmore) is an important archaeological and paleontological site located in Eddy County, New Mexico, United States within the Guadalupe Mountains about 26 miles west of Carlsbad.

Carlsbad, New Mexico
Carlsbad (/ˈkɑːrlzbæd/ KARLZ-bad) is a city in and the county seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 32,238. Carlsbad is centered at the intersection of U.S. Routes 62/180 and 285, and is the principal city of the Carlsbad-Artesia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 62,314. Located in the southeastern part of New Mexico, Carlsbad straddles the Pecos River and sits at the eastern edge of the Guadalupe Mountains.

Carlsbad is a hub for potash mining, petroleum production, and tourism. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of the city, and Guadalupe Mountains National Park lies 54 miles (87 km) southwest across the Texas border. The Lincoln National Forest is to the northwest of town.
WOCV-CD
WOCV-CD (channel 35) is a low-power, Class A television station in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, airing programming from the digital multicast network Catchy Comedy (formerly known as Decades). The station is owned and operated by Weigel Broadcasting, and maintains a transmitter in Parma, Ohio.

WOCV-CD has some cable carriage, most notably on Charter Spectrum—channel 15 in Cleveland and channel 13 in Akron.

Digital multicast television network
A digital multicast television network, also known as a diginet or multichannel, is a type of national television service designed to be broadcast terrestrially as a supplementary service to other stations on their digital subchannels. Made possible by the conversion from analog to digital television broadcasting, which left room for additional services to be broadcast from an individual transmitter, regional and national broadcasters alike have introduced such channels since the 2000s. By March 2022, 54 such services existed in the United States.

Typically run on a lesser budget, national multicast services often rely on archive and imported content and are tailored to allow advertisers to reach specific demographics. Most of their revenue is derived from national advertising.
Auraptene
Auraptene is a natural bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether. It was first isolated from members of the genus Citrus.

Auraptene has shown some effect as a chemopreventative agent against cancers of liver, skin, tongue, esophagus, and colon in rodent models.

Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are diverse. They have relevance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries.
Oshawa GO Station
Durham College Oshawa GO station is a station for commuter rail, passenger rail and regional bus services in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It is the terminal station for the Lakeshore East line of GO Transit and serves Via Rail's Corridor service, which travels from Toronto to both Ottawa and Montreal. The bus terminal is served by bus routes of GO Transit and Durham Region Transit.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
Letitia Campfield
Letitia Campfield was one of the first Black people to be admitted to the Nurses Training Program at Boston City Hospital School of Nursing in April 1929. Campfield and Frances W. Harris, the other Black woman who was admitted as a trainee at Boston City Hospital, began their training in September 1929.

Boston City Hospital
The Boston City Hospital (1864–1996), in Boston, Massachusetts, was a public hospital located in the South End. It was "intended for the use and comfort of poor patients, to whom medical care will be provided at the expense of the city, and ... to provide accommodations and medical treatment to others, who do not wish to be regarded as dependent on public charity."

In 1996, it merged with the Boston University Medical Center Hospital to form the Boston Medical Center.

This building is under study for Boston Landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission.
Lovelife (album)
Lovelife is the third and final studio album by English rock band Lush. It was released on 5 March 1996 by 4AD. On Lovelife, the band moved away from their earlier dream pop and shoegazing style and embraced a more Britpop-oriented sound. The album was produced by Pete Bartlett and the band at Protocol Studios in London, and engineered by Giles Hall. Three songs were released as singles: "Single Girl", "Ladykillers", and "500 (Shake Baby Shake)", all of which achieved moderate success on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top 30 positions. On release, Lovelife reached number eight on the UK Albums Chart.

Jarvis Cocker
Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English singer and musician. As the founder, frontman, lyricist and only consistent member of the band Pulp, he became a reluctant figurehead of the Britpop genre of the mid-1990s. Cocker has also pursued a solo career, and for seven years he presented the BBC Radio 6 Music show Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service.
Damage (Pharoahe Monch song)
"Damage" is a song by American hip hop artist Pharoahe Monch, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album, P.T.S.D. (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Prior to its release date, Pharoahe Monch's independent label, W.A.R. Media, published a visual trailer to YouTube on September 22, 2012.  The song was officially made available for purchase worldwide on September 27, 2012, on the iTunes Music Store by W.A.R. Media in conjunction with Duck Down Music Inc.   The Lee Stone-produced song is the final piece to Pharoahe's "bullet" trilogy in which he anthropomorphizes a slug fired with the intent to annihilate, and tackles the issue of gun violence. The song and its cover art provide a chilling reminder that bullets have no name.

Duck Down Music
Duck Down Music Inc is a New York City based record label, talent management, music-marketing, and consulting company founded by Drew "Dru-Ha" Friedman and Kenyatta "Buckshot" Blake in 1995. In Duck Down's 30-year existence, the company has released over 40 albums and sold more than 3 million collective copies worldwide. Home of established hip hop artists such as Boot Camp Clik, Pharoahe Monch, Black Rob, 9th Wonder, KRS-One, B-Real of Cypress Hill, The Away Team, Statik Selektah, Random Axe, Promise, David Dallas, Marco Polo, Ruste Juxx, Torae, Blue Scholars, Special Teamz (Slaine of La Coka Nostra, Edo G., Jaysaun, DJ Jayceeoh) and Kidz in the Hall.
Acanthocinus henschi
Acanthocinus henschi is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Reitter in 1900, and is known from Austria, Croatia, Italy, and Macedonia. The beetles measure 7-11 millimetres in length, and live for approximately 1–2 years. They inhabit trees in the species Pinus nigra.

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Ostrobothnian Plain
The Ostrobothnian Plain or Pohjanmaa is a large lowland in Finland along the Bothnian Sea being arguably the largest plain in the Nordic countries. The plain is made up smaller individual sand and clay plains alternated with rivers and peat bogs. It extends as a 100 km wide and 257 km long belt along the northwestern coast of Finland. The plain is extremely flat with height differences never exceeding 50 m.

Geologically the plain is a continuation of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain found across much of Fennoscandia.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Doe (1782 ship)
Doe was built in 1780, in the Thirteen Colonies, possibly under another name. She was taken in prize. Between 1783 and 1786 Doe made three complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. New owners in 1787 renamed Doe to Ellen. Ellen was registered in Liverpool in 1787. Between 1789 and 1792, she made two complete voyages transporting enslaved people. A French privateer captured her in 1793 as she was on her way to the West Indies having embarked captives in Africa on her sixth voyage transporting enslaved people.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Socinianism
Socinianism (/soʊˈsɪniənɪzəm, səˈ-/ soh-SIN-ee-ə-niz-əm, sə-) is a Nontrinitarian Christian belief system developed and co-founded during the Protestant Reformation by the Italian Renaissance humanists and theologians Lelio Sozzini and Fausto Sozzini, uncle and nephew, respectively.

It was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church between the 16th and 17th centuries, and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period. Socinianism is most famous for its unitarian belief but contains a number of other distinctive theological doctrines, such as the denial of divine foreknowledge regarding the actions of free agents and rejection of the pre-existence of Christ.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".