hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modugno
Modugno (Italian: [moˈduɲɲo]; Barese: Medùgne [məˈduɲɲə]) is a town and comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. It borders the municipalities of Bari, Bitetto, Bitonto, Bitritto, and Palo del Colle.

Before the 1970s, the town was mainly dedicated to agriculture; since construction of an industrial zone, it has become an important factory site in the region. Modugno is 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the shore. The landscape is mainly flat.

Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan
Isabella of Aragon (2 October 1470 – 11 February 1524), also known as Isabella of Naples, was by marriage Duchess of Milan and suo jure Duchess of Bari.

A member of the Neapolitan branch of the House of Trastamara, her life was characterised by the political crises surrounding the Italian Wars. Isabella often found herself torn between her native Kingdom of Naples and her marital home of the Duchy of Milan, causing her to suffer personal and political difficulties. After a disastrous marriage and lack of support in Milan, she received the Duchy of Bari as her personal property. This change in circumstances gave Isabella the opportunity to form her own court as well as build up political support and security against the ongoing wars. These reforms along with her interest in arts and literature, resulted in Bari undergoing revival and refurbishment. During this period, she also concentrated on the education of her daughter Bona, who became Queen of Poland.
Guido Grandi (entomologist)
Guido Grandi (3 March 1886, Vigevano – 10 December 1970, Bologna) was an Italian entomologist.
In 1928 he founded the Institute of Entomology at the University of Bologna (l'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Università di Bologna).

Vigevano
Vigevano (Italian: [viˈdʒɛːvano, -ˈdʒeː-]; Western Lombard: Avgevan) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pavia, in the Italian region of Lombardy. A historic art town, it is also renowned for shoemaking and is one of the main centres of Lomellina, a rice-growing agricultural district. Vigevano received the honorary title of city with a decree of Duke Francis II Sforza on 2 February 1532. It is famed for its Renaissance Piazza Ducale in the centre of the town. It is also known for the Rassegna Litteraria di Vigevano (Literary Review of Vigevano), an annual cultural event celebrating literature and the arts, which honours two distinguished personalities from the world of culture every year with the National Prize and the International Career Prize.
Rebecca Shanahan
Rebecca Shanahan is a New South Wales-based artist and arts educator whose work has been exhibited at a number of art galleries across Australia and who has also written for a range of outlets. In 2006, Shanahan described herself as being "interested in photographic space, time and surface" for an extensive research project funded by the Australian Research Council.

Her photographic portrait 'untitled' was a finalist for the Art Gallery of New South Wales' 2004 Photographic Portrait Prize. In 2015, judges for the Fremantle Arts Centre Print Award gave a high commendation to Shanahan's ode to the book I had but Could not Keep.

Shanahan's writing has appeared in publications such as Art Guide Australia and Mamamia.

Shanahan had an exhibition Homelands, which she developed with fellow artist Damian Dillon. An illustrated book of the exhibition is stored in the National Library of Australia.

National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia (NLA), formerly the Commonwealth National Library and Commonwealth Parliament Library, is the largest reference library in Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act 1960 for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people", thus functioning as a national library. It is located in Parkes, Canberra, ACT.

Created in 1960 by the National Library Act, by the end of June 2019 its collection contained 7,717,579 items, with its manuscript material occupying 17,950 metres (58,890 ft) of shelf space. The NLA also hosts and manages the Trove cultural heritage discovery service, which includes access to the Australian Web Archive and National edeposit (NED), a large collection of digitised newspapers, official documents, manuscripts and images, as well as born-digital material.
Maskpol
Maskpol (full name Przedsiębiorstwo Sprzętu Ochronnego "Maskpol" S.A. (English: Security Equipment Company Maskpol" S.A.)) is a Polish company operating in the armament industry. The company is headquartered in the village of Konieczki, in the Silesian province, Kłobuck county.

The company was founded in the 1960s as Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego "PZL Warszawa II" in Złochowice. Currently, it has the form of a joint-stock company and is part of the Polish Armaments Group.

Kłobuck County
Kłobuck County (Polish: powiat kłobucki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kłobuck, which lies 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice. The only other town in the county is Krzepice, lying 16 km (10 mi) west of Kłobuck.

The county covers an area of 889.15 square kilometres (343.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,762, out of which the population of Kłobuck is 12,934, that of Krzepice is 4,456, and the rural population is 67,372.
Justin Tellus
Justin Tellus (born 26 December 1974) is a Malta former footballer who played as a defender, featuring in the Maltese Premier League and UEFA Cup.

Tellus spent two years as recruitment and development manager for Leeds United SC Hubs after four years in the role as development manager at Northern Premier League Premier Division team Matlock Town. In 2021, Tellus became the academy's head of recruitment and development officer for Chesterfield Football Club.

Maltese Super Cup
The Maltese Super Cup is an annual super cup tie held in Malta between the champions of the previous Maltese Premier League season and the holders of the Maltese FA Trophy. If the Premier League champion also won the FA Trophy, the league runners-up takes its place as the opposition. Up till 2003, the match used to be played at the end of the season, however, this was altered to be played around mid-December.

The current holders are Hibernians , who defeated Ħamrun Spartans 2–1 in the final played in 2026.
Jo Chale To Jaan Se Guzar Gaye
Jo Chale To Jaan Se Guzar Gaye is a Pakistani drama television serial premiered on Geo Entertainment on 19 September 2011. The serial is directed by Nadeem Siddiqi, written by Maha Malik, and produced by Asif Raza Mir & Babar Javed under their banner A&B Entertainment.

Sami Khan
Sami Khan (Urdu: سمیع خان; born Mansoor Aslam Khan Niazi (Urdu: منصوراسلم خان نیازی ) on 6 July 1980) is a Pakistani film and television actor and model, known for his versatile performances across both mediums. He began his career in cinema with the film Salakhain (2004) before transitioning to television, where he rose to prominence through acclaimed roles in popular drama serials.  Over a career spanning more than two decades, Khan has received multiple accolades, including Best Actor honors at the PTV Awards. He is also a recipient of the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz, one of Pakistan’s highest civilian honors, and earned critical acclaim for his performance in Gumm, for which he received several award nominations and wins.  His film credits include the commercially successful Wrong No. 2 (2019), and his television work spans a wide range of genres, establishing him as one of Pakistan’s respected leading actors.
Hopkins & Allen
Hopkins & Allen Arms Company was an American firearms manufacturing company based in Norwich, Connecticut, that was founded in 1868 by Charles W. Allen, Charles A. Converse, Horace Briggs, Samuel S. Hopkins and Charles W. Hopkins. The Hopkins brothers ran the company's day-to-day operations until it went bankrupt in 1916 and was subsequently bought by Marlin-Rockwell.

Norwich, Connecticut
Norwich (/ˈnɔːrwɪtʃ/ NOR-wich) is a city in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The city is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 40,125 at the 2020 United States Census.
Barry Colliver
Barry Raymond Colliver (28 February 1935 – 19 May 2023) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He won the under-19s best and fairest in 1952 and was captain the next year. After his time for the Essendon, Colliver played for the Rushworth Football Club and was captain-coach of Lake Boga.

Rushworth Football Club
The Rushworth Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in the town of Rushworth, Victoria, Australia.  The club is one of 12 member clubs in the Kyabram & District Football League and are known as the 'Tigers'. They wear a black jumper with horizontal gold stripe.
Cenchreae (Argolis)
Cenchreae or Kenchreai (Ancient Greek: Κεγχρεαί), also Cenchreiae or Kenchreiai (Κεγχρειαί), was a town in ancient Argolis, south of Argos, and on the road from the latter city to Tegea. Pausanias says that it was to the right of the Trochus (τρόχος), a carriage road leading to Lerna. Near Cenchreae Pausanias saw the sepulchral monuments of the Argives, who conquered the Lacedaemonians at Hysiae. The site is located near present-day Palaio Skafidaki.

Tegea
Tegea (/ˈtiːdʒiə/; Greek: Τεγέα) was a settlement in ancient Arcadia, and it is also a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the  Tripoli municipality, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 118.350 km2. It is near the modern villages of Alea and Episkopi.

The legendary founder of Tegea was Tegeates, a son of Lycaon.
Jarque
Jarque is a municipality located in the Aranda Comarca province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 556 inhabitants.

The town is also known as Jarque de Moncayo, despite its location at the feet of the Sierra de la Virgen, another range of the Iberian System. The Moncayo Massif is visible in the distance to the north of the town.

Moncayo Range
Moncayo is a 15 km long and about 7 km wide mountain chain giving name to the Tarazona y el Moncayo comarca, Aragon, Spain. The Moncayo's highest summit, San Miguel (2,314 metres (7,592 ft)), is the highest point in the 500 km long Sistema Ibérico.

The Moncayo is located between the provinces of Zaragoza in Aragon and Soria in Castile and León. The ridge's highest summits are usually covered in snow between October and May every year.
Alexander Shafranovich
Alexander Shafranovich (Hebrew: אלכס שפרנוביץ'; born (1983-04-02)2 April 1983) is an Israeli volleyball retired player and current coach. He was member of the Israel men's national volleyball team for 20 years. He was one of the key players that contributed to 2 Greek Championships and 3 Cups for PAOK.

A1 Ethniki Volleyball
The A1 Ethniki (Greek: Α1 Εθνική Κατηγορία), often referred to as the Greek Volleyball League, is the highest professional volleyball league in Greece. It is run by the Hellenic Volleyball Federation. It is considered one of the top national leagues in European volleyball, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions.
Mauron
Mauron (French pronunciation: [moʁɔ̃]; Breton: Maoron) is a commune in the Morbihan department and Brittany region of north-western France. It lies close to the borders of both Côtes d'Armor and Ille-et-Vilaine. Mauron's location make it a crossroads on the routes connecting Dinan to Vannes and Quimper to Rennes.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Scolochloa
Scolochloa is a genus of grasses in the family Poaceae / Gramineae, now containing a single species, Scolochloa festucacea. Common rivergrass is a common name for the species. Scolochloa festucacea grows in Europe, temperate Asia, and North America. Its culms are erect and 100–150 centimetres (39–59 in) in height; its leaf blades are 15–30 cm (5.9–11.8 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) wide.

The genus formerly included a second species, Scolochloa arundinacea, which is now placed in the genus Arundo as Arundo donax.

Arundo donax
Arundo donax is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. Arundo and donax are respectively the old Latin and Greek names for reed.

Arundo donax grows in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline, and is native to the Greater Middle East. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean and is considered invasive in North America and Oceania. It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats.
Stieber
Stieber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

András Stieber (born 1991), Hungarian footballer

Logan Stieber (born 1991), American amateur wrestler

Mercédesz Stieber (born 1974), Hungarian water polo player

Raymond Stieber (1936–2025), French footballer

Sarolta Stieber (1905–1985), Hungarian swimmer

Tamar Stieber, American journalist

Wilhelm Stieber (1818–1882), Prussian spy

Zoltán Stieber (born 1988), Hungarian footballer

Tamar Stieber
Tamar Stieber is an American journalist who won the 1990 Pulitzer Prize for Specialized Reporting. Her coverage revealed a correlation between the drug L-tryptophan and a rare blood disorder. As a result of her reporting, the Food and Drug Administration recalled the dietary supplement.

In 1993, Stieber sued the Albuquerque Journal for unfair treatment and gender discrimination. The United States District Court for the District of New Mexico ruled in favor of the Journal and an appellate court upheld the decision.
Xynoris
Saint Xynoris is a fictional Christian saint who was created through a mistranslation. The saint was inadvertently fabricated by Caesar Baronius when he mistranslated the notes of John Chrysostom while chronicling the oppression of Christians under Roman Emperor Julian.

Caesar Baronius
Cesare Baronio, C.O. (as an author also known as Caesar Baronius; 30 August 1538 – 30 June 1607) was an Italian Oratorian, cardinal and historian of the Catholic Church. His best-known works are his Annales Ecclesiastici ("Ecclesiastical Annals"), which appeared in 12 folio volumes (1588–1607). He is under consideration for sainthood and, in 1745, Pope Benedict XIV declared him "Venerable".
Shaban Veli
Shaban-i Veli (Turkish: Şaban-ı Veli) also written as Sha’ban Wali (d. 976 AH/1569 AD), was an Ottoman Sufi saint from Kastamonu, and founder of the Shabaniyya branch of the Khalwatiyya order. He was trained under and was a murid (disciple) of Hayreddin Tokadi of Bolu.

Bolu
Bolu is a city in northern Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province and of Bolu District, located on the highway between Istanbul and Ankara. Its population is 184,682 (2021).

The city has been governed by mayor Tanju Özcan (CHP) since local elections in 2019. It was the site of Ancient Claudiopolis and has also been called Eskihisar ("old fortress") (and as such has several Turkish namesakes).

The old highway (D-100) between Ankara and Istanbul climbs over Mount Bolu, while the new motorway (E-80) passes through Mount Bolu Tunnel, a little distance from the town. It is situated at 742 m (2,434 ft) above sea level on the southern slopes of a bare hill.
Treadwheel
A treadwheel, or treadmill, is a form of engine typically powered by humans. It may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference (treadmill), or by a human or animal standing inside it (treadwheel). These devices are no longer used for power or punishment, and the term "treadmill" has come to mean an exercise machine for running, walking or other exercises in place.

Exercise machine
An exercise machine is any machine used for physical exercise. These range from simple spring-like devices to computerized electromechanical devices to recirculating-stream swimming pools. Most exercise machines incorporate an ergometer. An ergometer is an apparatus for measuring the work a person exerts while exercising as used in training or cardiac stress tests or other medical tests.
Westend, Espoo
Westend is a district of the city of Espoo, Finland. It is located next to Tapiola and about ten kilometers from the center of Helsinki. From Westend Helsinki can be reached along Länsiväylä (National road 51). Known as an affluent area, Westend is the wealthiest postal code area of Finland by mean household income. In 2019, the area was home to more than 3,000 residents.

Westend is a part of the "Greater Tapiola" district, which also comprises Haukilahti, Laajalahti, Mankkaa, Niittykumpu, Otaniemi, Pohjois-Tapiola and Tapiola.

There are other wealthy neighborhoods with the same name in the UK and the US. The most well known example being West End of London.

Contrary to the district's name, Westend is located in the very southeastern corner of Espoo, west of the Helsinki city centre, by the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Westend also comprises some islands on the coast.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
Superbill
A superbill is an itemized form, used by healthcare providers in the United States, which details services provided to a patient. It is the main data source for creation of a healthcare claim, which will be submitted to payers (insurances, funds, programs) for reimbursement.

There is no standard format for a superbill but it usually covers certain key information about the provider, the patient, and the type of care.

Health care provider
A health care provider is an individual health professional or a health facility organization licensed to provide health care diagnosis and treatment services including medication, surgery and medical devices. Health care providers often receive payments for their services rendered from health insurance providers.

In the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services defines a health care provider as any "person or organization who furnishes, bills, or is paid for health care in the normal course of business."
Quantum Hall transitions
Quantum Hall transitions are the quantum phase transitions that occur between different robustly quantized electronic phases of the quantum Hall effect. The robust quantization of these electronic phases is due to strong localization of electrons in their disordered, two-dimensional potential. But, at the quantum Hall transition, the electron gas delocalizes as can be observed in the laboratory.  This phenomenon is understood in the language of topological field theory. Here, a vacuum angle (or 'theta angle') distinguishes between topologically different sectors in the vacuum. These topological sectors correspond to the robustly quantized phases. The quantum Hall transitions can then be understood by looking at the topological excitations (instantons) that occur between those phases.

Theta vacuum
In quantum field theory, the theta vacuum is the semi-classical vacuum state of non-abelian Yang–Mills theories specified by the vacuum angle θ that arises when the state is written as a superposition of an infinite set of topologically distinct vacuum states. The dynamical effects of the vacuum are captured in the Lagrangian formalism through the presence of a θ-term which in quantum chromodynamics leads to the fine tuning problem known as the strong CP problem. It was discovered in 1976 by Curtis Callan, Roger Dashen, and David Gross, and independently by Roman Jackiw and Claudio Rebbi.
Katia Griffiths
Katia Griffiths (born August 4, 1982) is a Spanish freestyle skier who competed in ski halfpipe. Her mother is from Spain and her father is from the United Kingdom. She was born in London.

Katia participated in the Olympic debut of the ski halfpipe in Sochi 2014 where she finished 16th in the qualification.

Her best results in World Cup is the 5th place in La Plagne in 2009 and also 5th place in Kreischberg in 2011.

La Plagne
La Plagne (French pronunciation: [la plaɲ]) is a French ski area in the alpine valley of the Tarentaise (Savoie). Since 2003, La Plagne and the neighbouring resort of Les Arcs form the Paradiski ski area. It is currently owned by Compagnie des Alpes.

In 2014, La Plagne was named the most popular ski resort in the world with more than 2.5 million visitors a season on average.
Corneliu Baba
Corneliu Baba (Romanian pronunciation: [korˈnelju ˈbaba] ⓘ; 18 November 1906, Craiova – 28 December 1997) was a Romanian painter, primarily a portraitist, but also known as a genre painter and an illustrator of books.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.