hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tart
A tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry. The pastry is usually shortcrust pastry; the filling may be sweet or savoury, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. Tartlet refers to a miniature tart; an example would be egg tarts. The categories of "tart", "flan", and "pie" overlap, with no sharp distinctions.

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Ribes pallidiflorum
Ribes pallidiflorum is a species in the genus Ribes native to the far east, from northeastern China to Russia (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin, and in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula).

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Love Like Crazy (song)
"Love Like Crazy" is a song written by Tim James and Doug Johnson, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released in August 2009 as the fourth single of his career, and the first single and title track from his album Love Like Crazy.  In September 2010, the song broke a record established by Eddy Arnold for the longest chart run in the history of the Hot Country Songs charts.

Doug Johnson (music producer)
Doug Johnson (born in Swainsboro, Georgia) is an American record producer and songwriter. He began in the 1970s working as an engineer and mixer for the Lowery Group. His first production credit was for The Burch Sisters, an act that signed with Mercury Nashville in 1988. A year later, Johnson helped Doug Stone secure a contract with Epic Records. While at Epic, Johnson became the vice president of A&R, helping the label to sign Patty Loveless while producing for Ty Herndon, John Michael Montgomery, and others. Johnson also assembled the members of the Gibson/Miller Band, which recorded two albums for Epic. He was promoted to senior vice president of the label in 1994, then moved to Giant Records in 1997, becoming president of that label. Johnson also produces and co-writes for Lee Brice.

Johnson has also written more than 40 songs, including Randy Travis's "Three Wooden Crosses", which won the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association Song of the Year award.
Lun*na Menoh
Lun*na Menoh is a Japanese-born visual artist, fashion designer and musician who lives in Los Angeles. In the early 2000s Lun*na partnered with Sukho Lee for the band Seksu Roba, created the musical entity Jean Paul Yamamoto and currently performs with Saori Mitome as Les Sewing Sisters. In 2019 Les Sewing Sisters held a musical tour through 22 closets of private homes in Los Angeles.

Since the early 1990s she has presented work at Los Angeles art spaces and unique venues including Beyond Baroque, Track 16 Gallery, Velaslavasay Panorama. South Coast Plaza and the defunct Culver City venue Royal/T. She moved to Los Angeles from Japan in 1989 and is married to author and publisher Tosh Berman.

Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center
Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center is a literary arts center located at 681 Venice Boulevard, Venice, Los Angeles, California, founded in 1968. The center is based near the beach in Los Angeles's old Venice City Hall, built in 1906. It offers an extensive program of public readings, workshops, a project room, bookstore, publications, and chapbook/small press archive.
1996–97 Scottish Inter-District Championship
The 1996–97 Scottish Inter-District Championship rugby union Scottish Inter-District Championship was the first between the Scottish districts as professional teams.

Caledonia Reds won this first professional tournament. Indeed, it was the northern Scottish district's first and only outright title in their history, since the Scottish Inter-District Championship began in 1953-54. The Reds previously competed as the amateur district North and Midlands.

Glasgow and the Border Reivers also qualified for the Heineken Cup for the next season. In last place, Edinburgh would gain the Amlin Cup place next season.

Scottish Inter-District Championship
The Scottish Inter-District Championship is a rugby union competition between regional sides in Scotland. Established in 1953, the tournament went through several formats.

The Scottish Rugby Union confirmed in January 2023 that the Scottish Inter-District Championship would return for the 2022-23 season, starting in May 2023. The Inter-District Championship will be an amateur championship with players selected outwith the professional United Rugby Championship and Super 6 leagues. Instead the players will be selected from the amateur leagues of Scotland; the Scottish Premiership and the national leagues below.
1974–75 Primera División de El Salvador
The 1974–75 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional season was the 23rd tournament of El Salvador's Primera División since its establishment of the National League system in 1948. The tournament began on 17 March 1974 and finished on 29 December 1974. Platense secured the club's first Primera División title after defeating Negocios Internacionales in a three-game series; they became the second club to win the first division in their very first appearance

Sonsonate F.C.
Sonsonate Fútbol Club is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Sonsonate, El Salvador.

The club plays its home games at Estadio Anna Mercedes Campos, a stadium located in the City suburb of Sonsonate, Sonsonate, since 2009. The team is currently led by head coach Uruguayan Rubén da Silva.
Sirkan
Sirkan (Persian: سيركان) is a city in, and the capital of, Bam Pasht District of Saravan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Bam Pasht Rural District. Its population is 2,196 and its timezone is UTC+3:30 (IRST).

Time zone
A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it is convenient for areas in frequent communication to keep the same time.

Each time zone is defined by a standard offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The offsets range from UTC−12:00 to UTC+14:00, and are usually a whole number of hours, but a few zones are offset by an additional 30 or 45 minutes, such as in India and Nepal. Some areas in a time zone may use a different offset for part of the year, typically one hour ahead during spring and summer, a practice known as daylight saving time (DST).
Sobra, Mali
Sobra is a  rural commune in the Kati Cercle of the Koulikoro Region of Mali. The commune covers an area of approximately 938 square kilometers and contains 10 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 9,900. The administrative centre (chef-lieu) is the village of Sandama.

Koulikoro Region
Koulikoro Region (Bambara: ߞߎߟߌߞߏߙߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kulikoro Dineja) is a region in western Mali. It is the second administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 90,120 km2. Its capital is the city of Koulikoro.
2020 Formula Renault Eurocup
The 2020 Formula Renault Eurocup was a multi-event motor racing championship for open-wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in 1.8 litre Formula Renault single-seat race cars that conform to the technical regulations of Formula Regional. The 2020 season was the 30th and final season Eurocup Formula Renault organised by Renault Sport, as it merged with the Formula Regional European Championship for the 2021 season. The series visited nine circuits around Europe. The championship was won by Victor Martins, with ART Grand Prix taking the teams' title.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
VoicePulse
VoicePulse was an American communications company that used its VoIP network to deliver phone service to residential and business consumers.

VoicePulse was founded and was based in North Brunswick, New Jersey, in April 2003 by Ravi Sakaria and Ketan Patel. It launched its VoicePulse FIVE telephony platform in November 2014.

In October 2022, VoicePulse users were sent communications informing them that the service would be closed by the end of that month.

North Brunswick, New Jersey
North Brunswick is a township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is centrally located in the Raritan Valley region within the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 43,905, an increase of 3,163 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 40,742, which in turn reflected an increase of 3,455 (+12.3%) from the 36,287 counted in the 2000 census.

North Brunswick is located south of New Brunswick. It was named for its earlier-established neighbor, South Brunswick. Brunswick comes from New Brunswick, which was named after the German city of Braunschweig, formerly translated in English as Brunswick or for the British royal House of Brunswick. North and South Brunswick, in turn, became the namesakes for East Brunswick. Alternatively, the city gets its name from King George II of Great Britain, the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Sunkhani, Nuwakot
Sunkhani is a village development committee of the Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. In the 1991 Nepal census its population of 2340 people lived in 437 households. One major attraction is the Shanti Dharma Stupa, a 15-metre high memorial stupa built in memory of those who died in the April 2015 Nepal earthquake by a religious group called Honmon Butsuryu Shu to help propagate Buddhist ideas of peace, happiness and general social welfare.

Bagmati Zone
Bagmati Zone (Nepali: बागमती अञ्चलListenⓘ Bāgmatī Añcal) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restoration of zones to Provinces. Its headquarters are Kathmandu. It was named after the Bagmati River. It was in the Central Development Region of Nepal. The districts are now all part of Bagmati Province. The zone contains the Kathmandu Valley with its conurbation of 4.5 million inhabitants.
Max Runge
Heinrich Max Runge (21 September 1849, in Stettin – 27 July 1909, in Göttingen) was a German obstetrician and gynecologist.

He studied medicine at the universities of Jena, Leipzig, Bonn and Strasbourg, where in 1875 he received his doctorate. In 1879 he obtained his habilitation at Berlin under the sponsorship of Adolf Gusserow. In 1883 he became a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Imperial University of Dorpat, and five years later relocated as a professor to Göttingen, where on three occasions he served as dean at the university.

He was the author of influential textbooks on both obstetrics and gynecology. The focus of his research included hot water therapy for uterine atony, treatment of puerperal fever, fetal disease, umbilical infections and laparotomy.

Umbilical region
The umbilical region is one of the nine regions of the abdomen. It is the region that surrounds the area around the umbilicus and is placed approximately halfway between the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis.  This region of the abdomen contains part of the stomach, the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, a section of the transverse colon and the lower aspects of the left and right kidney. The upper three regions, from left to right, are the left hypochondriac, epigastric, and right hypochondriac regions.  The middle three regions, from left to right, are the left lumbar, umbilical, and right lumbar regions.  The bottom three regions, from left to right, are the left inguinal, hypogastric, and right inguinal regions.
Bad River (Michigan)
The Bad River is a 44.3-mile-long (71.3 km) river in Michigan. It rises in Newark Township near the city of Ithaca in Gratiot County and flows in a north-easterly direction into Saginaw County, and through the village of St. Charles, before emptying into the Shiawassee River within the bounds of the Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge.

The river and its tributaries have a total combined length of 175 miles (282 km); most of it channelized. Land use within the surrounding watershed is 86.5 percent agricultural; as a result, the river system has been adversely impacted by sedimentation.

The name "Bad River" comes from the Chippewa Indians who called the river "maw-tchi-sebe" or quite literally, "bad river," because of how difficult it was for them to navigate it.

River engineering
River engineering is a discipline of civil engineering which studies human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded history—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier. Since the Yuan Dynasty and Ancient Roman times, rivers have been used as a source of hydropower.

From the late 20th century onward, the practice of river engineering has responded to environmental concerns broader than immediate human benefit. Some river engineering projects have focused exclusively on the restoration or protection of natural characteristics and habitats.
Family.Show
Family.Show is a free and open-source genealogy program written in C# and running on the .NET Framework. Microsoft partnered with and commissioned Vertigo Software in 2006 to create it as a reference application for Microsoft's latest UI technology and software deployment mechanism at the time, Windows Presentation Foundation and ClickOnce. The source code has originally been published on Microsoft's CodePlex website. It has since been forked and development continues independent of Microsoft on GitHub.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
History of Sufism
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali and Attar of Nishapur, and finally emerging in the institutionalised form of today's network of fraternal Sufi orders, based on Sufis such as Rumi and Yunus Emre. At its core, however, Sufism remains an individual mystic experience, and a Sufi can be characterized as one who seeks the annihilation of the ego in God.

Nafs
Nafs (نَفْس) is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul". The term is cognate with the Hebrew word nephesh, נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word nafs is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a nafs, they are individually responsible for exercising the agencies of the "free will" that it provides them.

Much of the popular literature on nafs, however, is focused on the Sufi conceptions of the term located within the sadr (the chest). According to the Sufi philosophies, the nafs in its unrefined state is "the ego", which they consider to be the lowest dimension of a person's inward existence—his animal and satanic nature. Nafs is an important concept in the Islamic tradition, especially within Sufism and the discipline of gnosis (irfan) in Shia Islam.
Handlebody
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, a handlebody is a decomposition of a manifold into standard pieces. Handlebodies play an important role in Morse theory, cobordism theory and the surgery theory of high-dimensional manifolds. Handles are used to particularly study 3-manifolds.

Handlebodies play a similar role in the study of manifolds as simplicial complexes and CW complexes play in homotopy theory, allowing one to analyze a space in terms of individual pieces and their interactions.

Homotopy theory
In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps can come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology, but nowadays is learned as an independent discipline.
Armi (Syria)
Armi, was an important Bronze Age city-kingdom during the late third millennium BC located in northern Syria, or in southern Anatolia, Turkey, at the region of Cilicia.

There is a question of whether or not Armi should be identified with Armanum, that is also mentioned in many texts of this period. According to Adelheid Otto (2006), it is "... generally accepted that Armanum should be identified with Armi/Armium of the Ebla texts ...", as opposed to Aleppo. But other scholars may disagree. Three different identifications of "Armi (Armium)" are given by Edwards (2019). This includes Samsat, Turkey, and Tall Bazi.

3rd millennium BC
The 3rd millennium BC spanned the years 3000 to 2001 BC. This period of time corresponds to the Early to Middle Bronze Age, characterized by the early empires in the Ancient Near East. In Ancient Egypt, the Early Dynastic Period is followed by the Old Kingdom. In Mesopotamia, the Early Dynastic Period is followed by the Akkadian Empire. In what is now Northwest India and Pakistan, the Indus Valley Civilization developed a state society.

World population growth relaxed after the burst due to the Neolithic Revolution.
World population was largely stable, at roughly 60 million, with a slow overall growth rate at roughly 0.03% p.a.
Bruce Blakeman
Bruce Arthur Blakeman (born October 2, 1955) is an American attorney and politician currently serving as the 10th county executive of Nassau County, New York. A Republican, Blakeman was first elected in 2021, defeating Democratic incumbent Laura Curran and becoming the county's first Jewish county executive. He previously served as a commissioner for the New York-New Jersey Port Authority, as well as a Nassau County legislator and Hempstead town councilman. He is a Republican candidate in the 2026 New York gubernatorial election.

Susan Poser
Susan Poser (born September 7, 1963) is the current and first female president of Hofstra University, having succeeded retiring president Stuart Rabinowitz on August 1, 2021. Before being named to the Hofstra post, she was chief operating officer, provost, and vice chancellor for academic affairs at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Battle of Strėva
The Battle of Strėva, Strebe, or Strawe was fought on 2 February 1348 between the Teutonic Order and the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the banks of the Strėva River, a right tributary of the Neman River, near present-day Žiežmariai. Chronicler Wigand of Marburg publicized this battle as a great victory for the Knights: he claims that some 18,000 Lithuanians were killed or drowned while only 8 knights and 60 other soldiers died on the Order's side. Narimantas and Manvydas, two sons of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, are thought to be killed in the battle.

Gediminas
Gediminas (c. 1275 – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death in 1341. When addressing him, Pope John XXII called him rex (i.e. king). Gediminas is traditionally considered to have been the founder of Vilnius, the capital city of Lithuania (see: Iron Wolf legend). During his reign, he brought under his rule lands streching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. The Gediminids dynasty he founded and which is named after him came to rule over Poland, Hungary and Bohemia.
2023 Nigerian presidential election in Katsina State
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Katsina State was held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.

2023 Nigerian House of Representatives election
The 2023 Nigerian House of Representatives elections were held on 25 February 2023 where voters  elected members of the House of Representatives using first-past-the-post voting in all 360 federal constituencies. The last regular House elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the Senate elections and the presidential election, held on the same date while state elections were held two weeks afterwards on 18 March. The winners of these House elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the House of Representatives since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.