hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jahan Khan Popalzai
Sardar Jahan Khan, better known simply as Jahan Khan, was the war minister and commander-in-chief (Sipah-Salar) under Ahmad Shah Abdali.

In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani formed the Durrani Empire after he was elected as Afghan king in Kandahar by local chiefs. Sardar Jahan Khan was appointed as the army general in chief and honoured with the title of Mir Bazan and Khān-i-Khānān.

Jahan Khan partook in the various Durrani campaigns in Khorasan and in India, including the famous Third Battle of Panipat. Jahan Khan died on 14 March 1770 due to a colic attack.

Durrani
The Durrānī (Pashto: دراني, pronounced [durɑˈni]1), formerly known as Abdālī (ابدالي), are one of the largest tribal confederation of Pashtuns. Their traditional homeland is in southern Afghanistan (Loy Kandahar region), straddling into Toba Achakzai in Balochistan, Pakistan, but they are also settled in other parts of Afghanistan and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is considered the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, belonged to the Abdali tribe. In 1747 after establishing the Durrani Empire based in Kandahar, he adopted the epithet Shāh Durr-i-Durrān, "King, Pearl of Pearls," and changed the name of his Tareen Abdali tribe to "Durrani" after himself.
Anisophyton
Anisophyton was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. Known fossils are of Emsian age (411 to 393 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Anisophyton in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Reuben Droughns
Reuben Droughns (/ˈdroʊnz/; born August 21, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for the Oregon Ducks, he was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round of the 2000 NFL draft. During his nine years playing professional football, Droughns was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, Cleveland Browns, and New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in their Super Bowl XLII victory against the New England Patriots.

Following his playing career, Droughns worked as an assistant coach for the Serbian team Vukovi Beograd, the two-time champions of the Central European Football League (CEFL) from 2010 to 2013.

Super Bowl ring
The Super Bowl ring is an award given by the National Football League to the members of the winning team of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl.

Other rings are awarded to the members of the Super Bowl runner-up team and of the teams that win the AFC or NFC championship. Teams that make the playoffs also receive bonus money that is distributed evenly among members who spent at least three games on the active or reserve list during the regular season.
Quantitative analysis (chemistry)
In analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample. It relates to the determination of percentage of constituents in any given sample.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Hulman family
The Hulman family is a family of Indiana businesspeople and philanthropists best known as the former owners of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the Indy Racing League and Hulman & Co., which produces Clabber Girl Baking Powder.

Notable members include:

Anton "Tony" Hulman and Mary Fendrich Hulman

Their daughter Mari Hulman George (born Mary Antonia Hulman)

Mari's son Tony George (born Anton Hulman George)
His step-son Ed Carpenter (racing driver)

Mari's grandson Kyle Krisiloff

Mari Hulman George
Mary Antonia "Mari" Hulman George (December 26, 1934 – November 3, 2018) was the daughter of Anton "Tony" Hulman and Mary Fendrich Hulman, prominent Indiana philanthropists and business owners. She was the chairperson of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 1988 to 2016, and also of Hulman & Company.
Anastasia Bavykina
Anastasija Al'bertovna Bavykina (Russian: Анастасия Альбертовна Бавыкина; born 1992) is a Russian female volleyball player, playing as an outside spiker for the PLDT High Speed Hitters of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL) in the Philippines. She is part of the Russia women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku. On club level she played for Zarechie Odintsovo in 2015.

Russia women's national volleyball team
The Russia women's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and participated in international volleyball competitions. They played from 1949 to 1991 as the Soviet Union and as the CIS in 1992.

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Volleyball Federation suspended all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials, as well as beach and snow volleyball athletes, from all events. The European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) also banned all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Russia from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Kenneth Maguire
Robert Kenneth Maguire (31 March 1923 – 14 October 2000) was the 8th Anglican Bishop of Montreal for twelve years.

Born the son of teacher Robert Maguire on 31 March 1923, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and then studied for ordination and embarked on an ecclesiastical career that shuttled between Ireland and Canada. After curacies in Armagh and Montreal, he was Dean of Residence at Trinity College until 1960.

Returning to Canada, he became Rector of the Cathedral Church in Montreal before he became Diocesan Bishop of Montreal in 1963. During his long retirement, he was an honorary assistant bishop in New York and Florida.

Anglican Diocese of Montreal
The Diocese of Montreal is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada, in turn a province of the Anglican Communion.  The diocese comprises the 21,400 square kilometres (8,300 sq mi) encompassing the City and Island of Montreal, the Laurentians, the South Shore opposite Montreal, and part of the Eastern Townships.  The See city is Montreal, and the cathedral is Christ Church.

The diocese maintains approximately 7,025 on its parish rolls in sixty-eight parishes as of 2025. Meanwhile, 29,455 people residing in the territory covered by the Diocese self-identified as being Anglican on the 2021 Census.

As of 2025, the diocesan bishop is Victor-David Mbuyi Bipungu.
The Ultimate Stuntman
The Ultimate Stuntman is a 1990 video game developed by Codemasters and published by Camerica for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), featuring action game elements. The Ultimate Stuntman is one of 14 video games published by Camerica for the NES without proper licensing. The company had to create their own cartridges that would bypass Nintendo's lock-out chip and break the 10NES "code". In virtually all of Camerica's games (including The Ultimate Stuntman) there is a switch found on the reverse side of the cartridge, this allows the user to switch between NTSC and PAL compatibility.

Another unusual aspect of Camerica games released for the NES is their distinctive color cartridges. The Ultimate Stuntman, like all Codemasters games, was released as a gold cartridge in the U.S. and a black cartridge in Europe.

Camerica
Camerica was a Canadian video game company founded in 1988.  It released various unlicensed video games and accessories for the Nintendo Entertainment System, such as the Game Genie and Aladdin Deck Enhancer, and was the North American publisher for British developer Codemasters.
Sever the Wicked Hand
Sever the Wicked Hand is the ninth studio album by American sludge metal band Crowbar. It was released on February 8, 2011 through E1 Music, on February 14, 2011 through Century Media in the UK, and a day later for the rest of Europe. It was the band's first studio album after Lifesblood for the Downtrodden, released exactly six years before in 2005.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Crundmáel Bolg Luatha
Crundmáel Bolg Luatha mac Áedo (died 628) was a King of Uí Cheinnselaig. He was the grandson of a previous king Éogan Cáech and great-great grandson of the Leinster king Crimthann mac Énnai (died 483). He ruled from 625 to 630 and succeeded Rónán mac Colmáin of the Sil Chormaic sept as King of Ui Cheinnselaig.

The annals record that he was besieged in 626 by the Ui Neill  and the Annals of Ulster call this the "sack of ashes". He was slain at the Battle of Duma Aichir in 628 by Fáelán mac Colmáin (died 666) from the Uí Dúnlainge, later King of Leinster.

He was succeeded by his son Colgu Bolg Luatha who was slain in 647.

Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.
August von Herder
August von Herder (18 August 1776 - 29 January 1838) was a German geologist and mineralogist. From 1813 he served in a succession of increasingly senior posts in the Saxon government mines service, ending up in 1826 as government mining director ("Berghauptmann"). He was an energetic and highly effective moderniser of the Saxon mining industry.

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public university of technology with 4,389 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, in Germany. The university's focuses are exploration, mining and extraction, processing, and recycling of natural resources & scrap, as well as developing new materials and researching renewable energies. It is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world.
1969 Leeds City Council election
The 1969 Leeds municipal election was held on 8 May 1969, with one third of the councillors up for election. The Conservative incumbent in Armley had defected to Independent Conservative in the interim and hoped to defend it as such.

In contrast to their performance nationally, the Tories fell back upon their peak the previous year, with Labour managing to stabilise their support somewhat. The sole beneficiary (unlike last year, the Communists dropped back to their normal support) were the Liberals, who obtained their largest vote since 1963. In total three seats changed hands, with a spectacular gain in West Hunslet by the Liberals from the Conservatives, another loss of the latter's to Labour in Osmondthorpe, offset a little by a comfortable win back in Armley from their former incumbent.

County Borough of Leeds
The County Borough of Leeds, and its predecessor, the Municipal Borough of Leeds, was a local government district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, from 1835 to 1974. Its origin was the ancient borough of Leeds, which was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. In 1889, when West Riding County Council was formed, Leeds became a county borough outside the administrative county of the West Riding; and in 1893 the borough gained city status. The borough was extended a number of times, expanding from 21,593 acres (8,738 ha) in 1911 to 40,612 acres (16,435 ha) in 1961; adding in stages the former area of Roundhay, Seacroft, Shadwell and Middleton parishes and gaining other parts of adjacent districts. In 1971 Leeds was the fifth largest county borough by population in England. The county borough was abolished in 1974 and replaced with the larger City of Leeds, a metropolitan district of West Yorkshire.
Tarbagatay, Zabaykalsky Krai
Tarbagatay (Russian: Тарбагатай) is an urban-type settlement in Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population:  2,227 (2010 Census); 2,521 (2002 Census); 3,343 (1989 Soviet census).

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Oued el Melah
Oued el Melah or Wadi el Melah (Arabic: وادي مالح, وادي المالح, "Salty Wadi") is an intermittent wadi of Tunisia whose course is located on the territory of the governorates of Gafsa and Tozeur. Generally dry, except when it rains, the wadi has its mouth in Chott el-Gharsa.

It is almost a river for a series of wadis in the area between Gafsa and Tozeur, forming a waterway for a distance of 70 kilometers.  The decrease in precipitation in the area means that it does not carry water any more, except in the case of rain, usually occurring during the fall and winter.

The towns of Lalla, El Ksar and Guettaria are on the river.

Gafsa Governorate
Gafsa Governorate (Tunisian Arabic: ولاية ڨفصة Wilāyat Gafṣa; French: Gouvernorat de Gafsa) is one of the 24 governorates of Tunisia. It is situated in central Tunisia, bordering Algeria. It covers an area of 7807 km2 and has a population of 337,331 (2014 census). The capital of the city is Gafsa. The governorate is considered a primarily mining region. Phosphate is the region's main resource, with 47 industrial enterprises located there.
Aaj Ka Hindustan
Aaj Ka Hindustan (transl. Today's India) is a 1940 Bollywood film directed by Jayant Desai and starring Rose, Prithviraj Kapoor, Ishwarlal, Sitara Devi and comedian Charlie. It was produced by Movietone. The film is the story of two brothers – one a nationalist (Prithviraj).

Prithviraj Kapoor
Prithviraj Kapoor (born Prithvinath Kapoor; 3 November 1906 – 29 May 1972) was an Indian actor who is also considered to be one of the founding figures of Hindi cinema. He was associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and established the Prithvi Theatres in 1944 as a travelling theatre company based in Mumbai.

He was the patriarch of the Kapoor family of Hindi films, four generations of which, beginning with him, have played active roles in the Hindi film industry, with the youngest generation still active in Bollywood. His father, Basheshwarnath Kapoor, also played a short role in his movie Awara. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1971 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.
Zim (software)
Zim is  a graphical text editor designed to maintain a collection of locally stored wiki-pages, a personal wiki. It works as a personal knowledge base and note-taking software application that operates on text files using markdown. Each wiki-page can contain things like text with simple formatting, links to other pages, attachments, and images. Additional plugins, such as an equation editor and spell-checker, are also available. The wiki-pages are stored in a folder structure in plain text files with wiki formatting. Zim can be used with the Getting Things Done method.

Zim is written in Python using GTK libraries. It is open source and free software under the GPL-2.0-or-later license.

Note-taking
Note-taking (sometimes written as notetaking or note taking) is the practice of recording information from different sources and platforms. By taking notes, the writer records the essence of the information, freeing their mind from having to recall everything. Notes are commonly drawn from a transient source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture (notes of a meeting are usually called minutes), in which case the notes may be the only record of the event. Since the advent of writing and literacy, notes traditionally were almost always handwritten (often in notebooks), but the introduction of notetaking software and websites has made digital notetaking possible and widespread. Note-taking is a foundational skill in personal knowledge management.
Moby Dick (restaurant)
Moby Dick House of Kabob (Persian: موبی دیک: خانه کباب) is a Persian kabob restaurant chain in the Washington metropolitan area. It is named after a restaurant in Tehran which was right near the American Embassy during the Pahlavi's time; that restaurant was closed after the Iranian revolution in 1979. The restaurant continues across from what is now the Artists' Forum in the city, becoming a popular place for many.

The first Moby Dick restaurant opened in Bethesda, Maryland in 1989.

Embassy of the United States, Tehran
The Embassy of the United States of America in Tehran (Persian: سفارت آمریکا در تهران) was the American diplomatic mission in the Imperial State of Iran. Direct bilateral diplomatic relations between the two governments were severed following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and the subsequent seizure of the embassy in November 1979.
Indiana Regional Medical Center
Indiana Regional Medical Center is a not-for-profit hospital located in Indiana, Pennsylvania that was founded in 1914. The first hospital in Indiana, PA was founded by Dr. Harry B. Neal and Dr. George Simpson on 9th and Church street in 1904. In 1914 the Neal-Simpson Hospital merged with a then newly forming hospital to found Indiana Hospital, which became Indiana Regional Medical Center. It is one of the eighteen member hospitals of the Pennsylvania Mountains Healthcare Alliance that was established to provide community-based health care via independent community hospitals. The hospital became a level IV trauma center in 2026.

Indiana Regional Medical Center employs more than 50 physicians in and surrounding Indiana, PA. This group of primary care and specialty providers is called IRMC Physician Group.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Kishi-Karoy
Kishi-Karoy or Kishi Karaoy, meaning "Little Karoy" (Kazakh: Кіші Қараой; Russian: Киши-Карой), is a bittern salt lake in Akzhar District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

The Kazakhstan–Russia border lies about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) to the northwest and northeast of the northern shores of the lake. Kishi-Karoy village, formerly Kievskoye, Bostandyk, Baytus and Kenashchi, formerly Menzhinskoye,  are the nearest inhabited localities.

Kazakhstan–Russia border
The Kazakhstan–Russia border is the 7,644-kilometre (4,750 mi) international border between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. It is the longest continuous international border in the world and the second longest by total length, after the Canada–United States border. It is in the same location as the former administrative-territorial border between the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Ipai language
Ipai, also spelled ʼIipay and also known as Northern Diegueño, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of central San Diego County, California. Professor Leanne Hinton suggested a conservative estimate of 25 surviving Ipai speakers.

Ipai belongs to the Yuman language family and to the Delta–California branch of that family. Ipai and its neighbors to the south, Kumeyaay and Tipai, were often considered to be dialects of a single Diegueño language, but the current consensus among linguists seem to be that at least three distinct languages are present within the dialect chain (e.g., Langdon 1990). Confusingly, Kumeyaay is commonly used as a designation both for the central language in this family and for the Ipai-Kumeyaay-Tipai people as a whole.

Published documentation for the Ipai language includes reference and teaching grammars, a dictionary, and several texts (cf. Mithun 1999:578).

There is no standardized orthography for Ipai.

Marianne Mithun
Marianne Mithun (/mɪˈθuːn/ mih-THOON; born 1946) is an American linguist specializing in American Indian languages and language typology. She is a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she has held an academic position since 1986.
Lehmer pair
In the study of the Riemann hypothesis, a Lehmer pair is a pair of zeros of the Riemann zeta function that are unusually close to each other. They are named after Derrick Henry Lehmer, who discovered the pair of zeros

(the 6709th and 6710th zeros of the zeta function).

More precisely, a Lehmer pair can be defined as having the property that their complex coordinates  and  obey the inequality

for a constant .

It is an unsolved problem whether there exist infinitely many Lehmer pairs.
If so, it would imply that the De Bruijn–Newman constant is non-negative,
a fact that has been proven unconditionally by Brad Rodgers and Terence Tao.

Terence Tao
Terence Chi-Shen Tao FAA FRS (born 17 July 1975) is an Australian and American mathematician. He is a Fields medalist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the James and Carol Collins Chair in the College of Letters and Sciences. His published research includes topics in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, algebraic combinatorics, arithmetic combinatorics, geometric combinatorics, probability theory, compressed sensing, analytic number theory and the applications of artificial intelligence in mathematics.

Tao was born to Chinese immigrant parents and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. Tao won the Fields Medal in 2006 and won the Royal Medal and Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in 2014, and is a 2006 MacArthur Fellow. Tao has been the author or co-author of over three hundred research papers, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living mathematicians.