hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hvítserkur
65°36′23″N 20°38′08″W﻿ / ﻿65.60648°N 20.63563°W﻿ / 65.60648; -20.63563

Hvítserkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰvitˌsɛr̥kʏr̥], regionally also [-ˌsɛrkʰʏr̥]) is a 15 m high basalt stack along the eastern shore of the Vatnsnes peninsula, in northwest Iceland.

The rock has two holes at the base, which give it the appearance of a dragon that is drinking. The base of the stack has been reinforced with concrete to protect its foundations from the sea.

Dike (geology)
In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. Dikes can be either magmatic or sedimentary in origin. Magmatic dikes form when magma flows into a crack then solidifies as a sheet intrusion, either cutting across layers of rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack.
Rogówiec
Rogówiec [rɔˈɡuvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Rawa Mazowiecka and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Rawa County
Rawa County (Polish: powiat rawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Rawa Mazowiecka, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Biała Rawska, lying 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka.

The county covers an area of 646.6 square kilometres (249.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 49,443, out of which the population of Rawa Mazowiecka is 17,643, that of Biała Rawska is 3,182, and the rural population is 28,618.
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (2017)
The Chicago Rock Island & Pacific Railroad LLC (AAR-reporting mark RI) is an American Class III railroad operating in Mississippi, Kansas and Oklahoma. It uses the name and the most recent corporate identity of the first Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (1852–1980).

Corporate identity
A corporate identity or corporate image is the manner in which a corporation, firm or business enterprise presents itself to the public. The corporate identity is typically visualized by branding and with the use of trademarks, but it can also include things like product design, advertising, public relations etc. Corporate identity is a primary goal of corporate communication, aiming to build and maintain company identity.

In general, this amounts to a corporate title, logo (logotype and/or logogram) and supporting devices commonly assembled within a set of corporate guidelines. These guidelines govern how the identity is applied and usually include approved color palettes, typefaces, page layouts, fonts, and others.
Soheta
Soheta  is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from sub post office Jadla, 13.7 kilometres (8.5 mi) from Nawanshahr, 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 85.5 kilometres (53.1 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Mercy Adoma Owusu-Nimoh
Mercy Adoma Owusu-Nimoh (6 February 1936 – 14 February 2011) was a Ghanaian children's writer, publisher, educationist and politician. She was the recipient of a Noma Award honourable mention in 1980 for The Walking Calabash.

Noma Prize
The Noma Prizes were established by Shoichi Noma, or in his honor.  More than one award is conventionally identified as the Noma Prize.  Noma was the former head of Kodansha, the Japanese publishing and bookselling company. Kodansha is Japan's largest publisher of literature and manga.
East Homer, New York
East Homer is a hamlet in Cortland County, New York, United States. The community is located along New York State Route 13, 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Cortland. East Homer had a post office until June 17, 1995; it still has its own ZIP code, 13056.

Cortland, New York
Cortland is a city and the county seat of Cortland County, New York, United States. Known as the Crown City, Cortland is in New York's Southern Tier region. As of 2024, the estimated population of Cortland, New York, is 17,196, reflecting a decline of approximately 1.82% since the 2020 census, which recorded 17,515 residents.

The city of Cortland, near the county's western border, is surrounded by the town of Cortlandville.
Samuel Marvin
Samuel Marvin (1664–1754) was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk, Connecticut Colony in the May 1718 session. He served as a townsman in 1702, 1707, 1710, 1712, 1714, 1717, 1724, and 1727.

He was the son of Matthew Marvin, Jr., one of the founding settlers of Norwalk and Mary Brush Marvin.

On June 3, 1723 he was appointed by a town meeting to a committee to seat the new meeting-house, of which his brother-in-law, Joseph Platt, was chairman.

From February 1732, until his death, he lived in Wilton parish, which, at the time was part of Norwalk. His house in Norwalk was still standing in 1902.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
S.H. Kress & Co. Building (Nogales, Arizona)
S. H. Kress, & Co. Building is a historic commercial building in Nogales, Arizona.  Built sometime between 1917 and 1930, the building's stylized "Kress" on its pedimented parapet identifies its original use as part of the S. H. Kress & Co. chain of "five and dime" retail department stores.

The building is two story, fired brick, with cast stone keystones over flat arch windows and a pressed metal cornice.  Aluminum signage has been added to the facade.  Notable as an example of a brick commercial style building, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  It now houses a local retail store.

Variety store
A variety store  is a retail store that sells general merchandise, such as apparel, auto parts, dry goods, toys, hardware, furniture, and a selection of groceries. It usually sells them at discounted prices, sometimes at one or several fixed price points, such as one dollar, or historically, five and ten cents. Variety stores, as a category, are different from general merchandise superstores, hypermarkets (such as those operated by Target and Walmart), warehouse clubs (such as Costco), grocery stores, or department stores.

Dollar stores that sell food have been alleged to create food deserts: areas with limited access to affordable and healthy food. This is alleged to occur when dollar stores outcompete local businesses, and soon become some of the only grocery store–like businesses available in some areas.
Gregory Scholz
Gregory Scholz (born 21 June 1981 in Landau in der Pfalz) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate since 2023. He has served as secretary general of the Social Democratic Party in Rhineland-Palatinate since 2025.

Landau
Landau (Palatine German: Landach), officially Landau in der Pfalz (German pronunciation: [ˈlandaʊ ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈpfalts], lit. 'Landau in the Palatinate'), is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, on the German Wine Route.

It contains the districts (Ortsteile) of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, Mörlheim, Mörzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.
Probabilistic soft logic
Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL) is a  statistical relational learning (SRL) framework for modeling probabilistic and relational domains.

It is applicable to a variety of machine learning problems, such as collective classification,  entity resolution, link prediction, and ontology alignment.
PSL combines two tools: first-order logic, with its ability to succinctly represent complex phenomena, and  probabilistic graphical models, which capture the uncertainty and incompleteness inherent in real-world knowledge.
More specifically, PSL uses  "soft" logic as its logical component and Markov random fields as its statistical model.
PSL provides sophisticated inference techniques for finding the most likely answer (i.e. the maximum a posteriori (MAP) state).
The "softening" of the logical formulas makes inference a polynomial time operation rather than an  NP-hard operation.

NP-hardness
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for  every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H's solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time. As a consequence, finding a polynomial time algorithm to solve a single NP-hard problem would give polynomial time algorithms for all the problems in the complexity class NP. As it is suspected, but unproven, that P≠NP, it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithms for NP-hard problems exist.

A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem.

Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are provably not NP-hard (unless P=NP).
Friendship, New Jersey
Friendship is an unincorporated community located within Upper Pittsgrove Township in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is located approximately 1.3 mi (2.1 km) west of Monroeville.

The community is the site of Friendship United Methodist Church.

Salem County, New Jersey
Salem County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its western boundary is formed by the Delaware River, and it has the eastern terminus of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, which connects the county with New Castle, Delaware. Its county seat is Salem. The county is part of the South Jersey region of the state.

The county lies within the Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as the Delaware Valley area. As of the 2020 census, the county retained its position as the state's least-populous county, with a population of 64,837, a decrease of 1,246 (−1.9%) from the 2010 census count of 66,083. The most populous place in Salem County is Pennsville Township with 12,684 residents as of the 2020 Census. Lower Alloways Creek Township covers 72.46 square miles (187.7 km2), the largest total area of any municipality.

Salem County, along with adjacent Gloucester County, also in South Jersey, have become an East Coast epicenter for logistics and warehouse construction.
Barney Circle
Barney Circle is a historic district in the Hill East neighborhood of Southeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by the Anacostia River to the south, Potomac Ave to the north, 17th Street to the east, and Kentucky Ave to the west. The district's name derives from the eponymous former traffic circle at Pennsylvania Avenue just before it crosses the John Philip Sousa Bridge over the Anacostia River. The traffic circle is named for Joshua Barney, Commander of the Chesapeake Bay Flotilla in the War of 1812.

Anacostia Park
Anacostia Park is operated by the United States National Park Service. It is one of Washington, D.C.'s largest and most important recreation areas, with over 1200 acres (4.9 km2) at multiple sites. Included in Anacostia Park are Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens and Kenilworth Marsh. Hundreds of acres are available for ballfields, picnicking, basketball, tennis, and the Anacostia Park Pavilion has some 3,300 square feet (307 m2) of space for roller skating and special events, the only roller skating rink in a U.S. national park. The Langston Golf Course offers an 18-hole course as well as a driving range, and three concession-operated marinas, four boat clubs, and a public boat ramp provide for access to the tidal Anacostia River for recreational boating.

"Eagles' Nest", the headquarters of the United States Park Police helicopter aviation unit, is located in Anacostia Park.  Additionally, the headquarters of National Capital Parks-East is located within the park.
Dwayne Hicks
Corporal Dwayne Hicks, also known mononymously as Hicks, is a fictional character in the Alien franchise. First appearing in the film Aliens, he was portrayed by actor Michael Biehn. The character is a Senior Corporal of the United States Colonial Marine Corps aboard the USS Sulaco and is one of only four survivors of the Sulaco crew's expedition to LV-426, along with Ellen Ripley, Rebecca "Newt" Jorden, and the android Bishop. Hicks was initially killed during the introduction of the film's sequel Alien 3, a decision that garnered negative backlash from fans of the franchise. Hicks was later rewritten to have survived, as he returns as the main protagonist of the "Stasis Interrupted" DLC in the videogame Aliens: Colonial Marines and as a side character in the game's main story.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Church of the Precious and Life-Giving Cross, Buchach
Church of the Precious and Life-Giving Cross (Ukrainian: Церква Чесного і животворящого Хреста) is an architectural monument of national importance in Buchach (Ternopil Oblast). It is part of the complex of buildings of the Buchach Monastery of the Order of Saint Basil the Great. Protection number 652/1, address — 19 Mitskevych Street. It is an active church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The founder was the owner of the city, Mikołaj Bazyli Potocki.

Ternopil Encyclopedic Dictionary
The Ternopil Encyclopedic Dictionary (Ukrainian: Тернопільський енциклопедичний словник) is a regional encyclopedia in Ukrainian containing information about the history, geography, culture, economy, administrative structure, and other features of Ternopil Oblast.
Jenna Martin (curler)
Jenna Martin (born August 19, 1993, in Janesville, Wisconsin as Jenna Haag) is an American curler. Martin is a two-time United States Junior Curling Champion, in 2008 on Nina Spatola's team and in 2015 on Cory Christensen's team.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.
Nemadus colonoides
Nemadus colonoides is a species of beetle in the Leiodidae family that can be found in such European countries as Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands.

Leiodidae
Leiodidae is a family of beetles with around 3800 described species found worldwide. Members of this family are commonly called round fungus beetles due to the globular shape of many species, although some are more elongated in shape. They are generally small or very small beetles (less than 10 mm in length) and many (but not all) species have clubbed antennae.

Members of the family are generally detritivorous or scavengers feeding on carrion or decaying organic matter like dung, or are specialised on feeding on specific types of fungus. Many species have reduced wings, with about half of all described species being flightless.

The oldest fossil of the family is Mesagyrtoides from Shar-Teg, Mongolia, dating the Late Jurassic (Tithonian). Members of modern subfamilies appear during the Cretaceous, with Cretaceous members of the family being primarily known from Burmese amber.
Daniel Byrne
Daniel Joseph Byrne (5 October 1885 – 9 June 1952) was an Irish politician, medical doctor and farmer. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1922 general election as a Farmers' Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Waterford–Tipperary East constituency. He did not contest the 1923 general election.

He was born in Graiguealug, County Carlow, and was educated at Rockwell College, County Tipperary. He graduated from Yale School of Medicine in 1909. Following his return to Ireland in 1915 he later became involved in the Irish War of Independence.

His house, furniture and contents at the Islands Mullinahone was burned by armed men on 19 March 1923; burning and destruction of hay barn, hay and contents at same address by a number of men on 2 April 1923.https://nationalarchives.ie/advanced-search/#!/details/111275536

Waterford–Tipperary East
Waterford–Tipperary East was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1921 to 1923. The constituency elected 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
The Warrior and the Slave Girl
The Warrior and the Slave Girl (Italian: La rivolta dei gladiatori, Spanish: La rebelión de los gladiadores, French: La révolte des gladiateurs) is a 1958 Italian-Spanish-French  historical adventure film in Supercinescope and Eastman Color directed by Vittorio Cottafavi.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
Purdue Boilermakers
The Purdue Boilermakers are the official intercollegiate athletics teams representing Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana. As is common with athletic nicknames, the Boilermakers nickname is also used as colloquial designation of Purdue's students and alumni at large. The nickname is often shortened to "Boilers" by fans. Purdue is one of the few college athletic programs that is not funded by student fees or subsidized by the university.

2021 Music City Bowl
The 2021 Music City Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2021, with kickoff at 3:00 p.m. EST (2:00 p.m. local CST) and televised on ESPN. It was the 23rd edition of the Music City Bowl (after the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and was one of the 2021–22 bowl games concluding the 2021 FBS football season. Sponsored by translation and language services company TransPerfect, the game was officially known as the TransPerfect Music City Bowl.
Nigel Heath
Nigel Richard Mark Heath (born 1 July 1955) is an ex-rally driver from England. He raced in 40 World Rally Championship events, despite not scoring a single point, and also in the PWRC in 1999 and 2006.

In 2008, Heath was arrested for fraud and corruption in the UK in relation to his work as a solicitor.

World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship (WRC) is an international rallying series owned and governed by the FIA. Inaugurated in 1973, it is the second oldest FIA world championship (after Formula One). Each season lasts one calendar year, and typically consists of 13 three- to four-day rally events driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice. Each rally is usually split into 15–25 special stages which are run against the clock on up to 350 kilometres (220 mi) of closed roads.

Separate championship titles are awarded to drivers, co-drivers and manufacturers. There are also two support championships, WRC2 and WRC3, which are contested on the same events and stages as the WRC, but with progressively lower maximum performance and running costs of the cars permitted. Junior WRC is also contested by younger drivers on five events of the World Rally Championship calendar.
Ken Robinson (priest)
Christianity portal

John Kenneth Robinson (17 December 1936 – 5 August 2020) was an Anglican priest.

Robinson was educated at Balshaw's Grammar School, Leyland and trained for the priesthood at King's College London. He was ordained in 1963.  After curacies at St Chad's Poulton-le-Fylde and Lancaster Priory, in 1966 he became a chaplain at St John's Army Children's School, Singapore and then the vicar of Holy Trinity, Colne. He then became Director of Education for the Diocese of the Windward Isles and then the vicar of  St Luke's Skerton. After this  he was a minor canon at St Edmundsbury Cathedral and then chaplain of Greater Lisbon. In 1994 he became the Archdeacon of Gibraltar and in 2000 its Dean. He resigned in 2003 and died on August 5, 2020, in Lancashire at the age of 83.

Colne
Colne (/kɒln/) is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. The town is 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Nelson, 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Burnley and 25 mi (40 km) east of Preston.

The town should not be confused with the unrelated Colne Valley around the River Colne near Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.

Colne is close to the southern entrance to the Aire Gap, the lowest crossing of the Pennine watershed. The M65 terminates west of the town and from here two main roads take traffic onwards towards the Yorkshire towns of Skipton (A56) and Keighley (A6068). Colne railway station is the terminus of the East Lancashire railway line.

Colne adjoins the Pendle parishes of Foulridge, Laneshaw Bridge, Trawden Forest, Nelson, Barrowford and Blacko.
Inukami District, Shiga
Inukami (犬上郡, Inukami-gun) is a district located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2020, the district has an estimated population of 20,768 and a density of 132.1 persons per km2. The total area is 157.2 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.