hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spectracanthicus zuanoni
Spectracanthicus zuanoni is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Xingu River basin in the state of Pará in Brazil. It is usually found in areas up to 2 m (7 ft) deep with strong currents and rocky substrates, where it is often seen hiding beneath rocks. It is known to occur individually or in groups of three, with juveniles being found alongside other loricariid species, such as Ancistrus ranunculus, Baryancistrus xanthellus, Hopliancistrus tricornis, Parancistrus nudiventris, Peckoltia vittata, and its congener Spectracanthicus punctatissimus.

S. zuanoni is nocturnal, feeding actively on algae and periphyton at night. It reaches 12.9 cm (5.1 inches) SL, and its specific epithet, zuanoni, refers to Jansen Zuanon, the first ichthyologist to collect the species. S. zuanoni appears in the aquarium trade, where it is usually referred to either as the acari bola branca or by its associated L-number, which is L-020.

Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term aufwuchs (German 'surface growth' or 'overgrowth', pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fishes. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.
Marijan Varešanin
Marijan Varešanin von Varesch (1 February 1847 – 22 April 1917) was a Croatian nobleman and general in the Habsburg monarchy imperial army service. He was the governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1909 to 1911.

Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Three decades later, in 1908, Austria-Hungary provoked the Bosnian crisis by formally annexing the occupied zone, establishing the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of Austria and Hungary.
Mai Khola Small Hydropower Station
Mai Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: माई खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-the-river hydro-electric plant located in Ilam District of Nepal. The flow from Mai River is used to generate 8 MW electricity. The plant is owned and developed by Himal Dolkha Hydropower Company Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal.

The plant started generating electricity in 2064-10-14 BS. The generation licence will expire in 2099-08-19 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Independent Power Producers Association
The Independent Power Producers Association, Nepal (IPPAN; स्वतन्त्र उर्जा उत्पादकहरुको संस्था, नेपाल) is an association of private developers and owners of power production companies in Nepal. It is a non-profit, non-government, autonomous organization and was established in 2001. Its main objective is to link the private sector and government organizations involved in hydropower generation. IPPAN is primarily a membership organization. The General Assembly comprises both institutional and individual members. The General Assembly elects the Board of Directors, which then formulates the plans and policies of the organization. As of 2020, there are 580 private hydropower projects that are in operation or under construction with a total capacity to generate 21,000 MW. The private sector has invested about NPR 600 billion in these projects.
The Bride Wore Red
The Bride Wore Red is a 1937 American romantic comedy drama film directed by Dorothy Arzner, and starring Joan Crawford, Franchot Tone, Robert Young and Billie Burke. It was based on the unproduced play The Bride from Trieste by Ferenc Molnár. In this "rags to riches" tale, Crawford plays a cabaret singer who poses as an aristocrat. This film is the last of the seven films that Crawford and co-star Franchot Tone, then her husband, made together.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
MySocialCloud
MySocialCloud is a cloud-based bookmark vault and password website that allows users to log into all of their online accounts from a single, secure website. The company's investors include Sir Richard Branson, Insight Venture Partners’ Jerry Murdock, and PhotoBucket founder Alex Welch.  The company and its founders have been featured in TechCrunch and The Huffington Post.

Insight Partners
Insight Venture Management, LLC (commonly referred to as Insight Partners and previously Insight Venture Partners) is a global venture capital and private equity firm that invests in software and internet businesses. The company is headquartered in New York City, also has offices in London, Tel Aviv, and Palo Alto.
Chiang Chie Foo
Chiang Chie Foo DUBC PJG PPA(E) (born c. 1957) is a former Singaporean civil servant and the former chairman of the Public Utilities Board.

Chiang served as permanent secretary for the Ministry of Education (1999–2004), Ministry of Defence (2004–2013) and Prime Minister's Office (2005–2011). He also served as director of the Internal Security Department (1993–1997), and chairman of the Telecommunications Authority of Singapore (1997–1999), Energy Market Authority (2001–2009) and Central Provident Fund (2013–2021). Chiang was a director of ComfortDelGro from 2018 to 2022.

Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.
Chomentówek
Chomentówek [xɔmɛnˈtuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielnik, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Chmielnik and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Chmielnik, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Chmielnik [ˈxmʲɛlɲik] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. As of December 2021, it has a population of 3,557, and lies in historic Lesser Poland. The name of the town is derived from hop (Polish: chmiel).
The Two Sergeants (1936 film)
The Two Sergeants (Italian: I due sergenti) is a 1936 Italian historical drama film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Evi Maltagliati, Gino Cervi and Mino Doro. It was based on the play The Two Sergeants by Theodore d'Aubigny, which has been made into films several times. It is set in the Napoleonic Wars. The film marked the debut of Alida Valli who had until recently been a student of the Centro sperimentale di cinematografia. Valli went on to be a leading star of Italian cinema.

The film was shot at the Pisorno Studios in Tirrenia and on location in Tuscany. The sets were designed by Virgilio Marchi, a noted architect who worked for many years in the film industry.

Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia
The Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (Experimental Center of Cinematography; CSC), also referred to as the Scuola Nazionale di Cinema (National Film School), is an Italian national film school headquartered in Rome, with satellite educational hubs in five other Italian regions.

It was established in 1935 and aims to promote the art and technique of cinematography and film.
Logical behaviorism
In the philosophy of mind, logical behaviorism (also known as analytical behaviorism) is the thesis that mental concepts can be explained in terms of behavioral concepts.

Logical behaviorism was first stated by the Vienna Circle, especially Rudolf Carnap. Other philosophers with sympathies for behaviorism included C. G. Hempel, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and W. V. O. Quine. A more moderate form of analytical behaviorism was put forward by the Oxford philosopher Gilbert Ryle in his book The Concept of Mind (1949).

Carl Gustav Hempel
Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (/ˈhɛmpəl/; German: [ˈhɛmpl̩]; January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer, philosopher, logician, and epistemologist. He was a major figure in logical empiricism, a 20th-century movement in the philosophy of science. Hempel articulated the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation, which was considered the "standard model" of scientific explanation during the 1950s and 1960s. He is also known for the raven paradox ("Hempel's paradox") and Hempel's dilemma.
Zou language
Zou (also spelled Zo and also known as Zokam) is a language of the Northeastern branch of Kuki-Chin languages originating in western Burma and spoken also in Mizoram and Manipur in northeastern India.

The name Zou is sometimes used as a cover term for the languages of all Mizo people (Zo people) i.e., Kukish and Chin peoples, especially the Zomi people.

Kuki people
The Kuki people, or Kuki-Zo people, are an ethnic group in the Northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, Assam,  Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, as well as the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Kukis form one of the largest hill tribe communities in this region. In Northeast India, they are present in all states except Arunachal Pradesh. The Chin people of Myanmar and the Mizo people of Mizoram are kindred tribes of the Kukis. Collectively, they are termed the Zo people.

Some fifty tribes of Kuki peoples in India are recognised as scheduled tribes in India, based on the dialect spoken by that particular Kuki community as well as their region of origin.
2022 PDC North American Championship
The 2022 North American Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Bet365 North American Championship) was the fourth edition of the tournament organized by the Professional Darts Corporation for North American players. The tournament took place at the Hulu Theater, New York City, United States on 4 June 2022, and featured the 8 players from the North American side of players that had qualified for the 2022 US Darts Masters, competing in a knockout system, with the winner earning a place in the 2023 PDC World Darts Championship and the 2022 Grand Slam of Darts.

Danny Baggish was the defending champion after defeating Jeff Smith 6–5 in the 2019 final, but he would lose 6–3 in the final to Leonard Gates.

Danny Baggish
Daniel Baggish (born August 19, 1983) is an American professional darts player. He had a PDC tour card from 2021 to 2022, after being the only American player to win one at Q-School in 2021. He is sponsored by Target Darts, and has been a member of Team Target since 2019.
Charles Mann (American football)
Charles Andre Mann (born April 12, 1961) is an American businessman and former professional football player.  He played as a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and San Francisco 49ers.  Mann made the Pro Bowl four times in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991.

1992 Pro Bowl
The 1992 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 42nd annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1991 season. The game was played on Sunday, February 2, 1992, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii before a crowd of 50,209. The final score was NFC 21, AFC 15.

Dan Reeves of the Denver Broncos led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by Detroit Lions head coach Wayne Fontes. The referee was Gerald Austin.

Michael Irvin of the Dallas Cowboys was the game's MVP. Players on the winning NFC team received $10,000 apiece while the AFC participants each took home $5,000.
Our Ladye Star of the Sea
The Church of Our Ladye Star of the Sea is a Roman Catholic church situated south of Greenwich town centre on the west side of Croom's Hill, and west of Greenwich Park in southeast London. Today a Grade II* listed building, it was designed by William Wardell in a Decorated Gothic style, with a landmark spire, and with fittings and decorative elements designed by Augustus Pugin and his son E. W. Pugin. It was opened in 1851.

Augustus Pugin
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (/ˈpjuːdʒɪn/ PEW-jin; 1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic with French and Swiss origins. He is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Among his best-known work is the interior and clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, the meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia. He was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of Edward Welby Pugin, Cuthbert Welby Pugin, and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural and interior design firm as Pugin & Pugin.
Store Lungegårdsvannet
Store Lungegårdsvannet is a bay located in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The bay lies in the centre of the city of Bergen, separating the city centre, located in the borough of Bergenhus, from the southern boroughs of the city: Årstad, Fana, and Ytrebygda. The bay is situated at the end of the Puddefjorden.

Årstad, Bergen
Årstad is a borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  Historically, the area was part of Aarstad Municipality until 1916, when it was merged into Bergen Municipality. The borough has similar (but not the same) boundaries to those of the old municipality.

The borough is located south of the city centre, and has a population of around 39,906 as of 1 January 2014. Årstad is home to Bergen's hospital, Haukeland University Hospital, as well as Norway's second largest vocational high school, Årstad videregående skole (the largest being Sandefjord videregående skole), and Brann Stadion, the stadium of the city's largest association football team, Brann.
Gardom's Edge
Gardom's Edge is a rocky outcrop near Baslow in Derbyshire, England.

The shelf between Gardom's Edge and Birchen Edge is now moorland used for grazing sheep, but was once inhabited and used for arable farming during the Bronze Age. The area of the settlement is designated as a scheduled monument.

Baslow
Baslow is a village in Derbyshire, England, in the Peak District, situated between Sheffield and Bakewell, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Chatsworth House.  It is sited by the River Derwent, which is spanned by a 17th-century bridge, alongside which is a contemporary toll house.

Baslow village is composed of several distinct areas: Bubnell, Bridge End, Over End and Nether End. The village's civil parish, Baslow and Bubnell, had a population of 1,178, according to the 2011 census.
Kochetok
Kochetok (Ukrainian: Кочеток, Russian: Кочеток) is a rural settlement in Chuhuiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Donets. Kochetok belongs to Chuhuiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,916 (2022 estimate).

Until 26 January 2024, Kochetok was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kochetok became a rural settlement.

Chuhuiv Raion
Chuhuiv Raion (Ukrainian: Чугуївський район) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Chuhuiv. Population: 194,177 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Chuhuiv Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Pechenihy, Vovchansk, and Zmiiv Raions, as well as the city of Chuhuiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,362 (2020 est.).
Die Harald Schmidt Show
Die Harald Schmidt Show ("The Harald Schmidt Show") was a German late-night talk show hosted on Sky Deutschland by comedian Harald Schmidt. The show first aired from 5 December 1995 to 23 December 2003 on Sat.1. Schmidt then moved his show to Das Erste as Harald Schmidt and Schmidt & Pocher, but he returned to Sat.1 on 13 September 2011. After cancellation on Sat.1, the show continued on Sky Deutschland in September 2012. Schmidt retired from television in 2014.

Das Erste
Das Erste (German: [das ˈʔeːɐ̯stə]; "The First") is the flagship national television channel of the ARD association of public broadcasting corporations in Germany, jointly operated by the nine regional public broadcasting corporations that are members of the ARD.

The channel was launched on 25 December 1952 as NWDR-Fernsehen and renamed to Deutsches Fernsehen in 1954. Since 1996, the official brand is Das Erste; the full name Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (First German Television) is still used before every major news edition. In colloquial speech, the station is usually called Erstes Programm ("First Channel"), or by its metonym, ARD.
1991–92 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1991 season began on December 28, 1991. The postseason tournament concluded with the Washington Redskins defeating the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVI, 37–24, on January 26, 1992, at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

This edition of the NFL playoffs marked the first time ever that every AFC playoff qualifier was an original AFL franchise. Previous postseasons had either featured pre-merger NFL teams (Steelers, Browns, Colts), AFL expansion teams (Dolphins, Bengals) and/or AFC expansion teams (Seahawks).

Eric Everett
Eric Eugene Everett (born July 13, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and was selected in the fifth round of the 1988 NFL draft. Everett played five seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Kansas City Chiefs, and Minnesota Vikings.

Everett later became a physical education coach at DeWitt Perry Middle School in Carrollton, Texas. His brother, Thomas Everett, is a former American football safety in the National Football League.
James L. Swanson
James L. Swanson (February 12, 1959 – April 21, 2025) was an American author and historian famous for his New York Times best-seller Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer, focusing on the biography of John Wilkes Booth and his plot to kill Lincoln and other cabinet members. For this book he earned an Edgar Award.  He was a Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation and appeared on C-SPAN on behalf of the Koch-affiliated libertarian CATO Institute think tank.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
2014 World Junior Table Tennis Championships
The 2014 World Junior Table Tennis Championships were held in Shanghai, China, from 30 November to 7 December 2014. It was organised by the Chinese Table Tennis Association under the auspices and authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Wszechświęte, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Wszechświęte [fʂɛxɕˈfjɛntɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oleśnica, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The village lies approximately 8 kilometers (5 mi) east from Oleśnica.

Oleśnica County
Oleśnica County (Polish: powiat oleśnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 1,049.7 square kilometres (405.3 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the town of Oleśnica, and it also contains the towns of Syców, Twardogóra, Bierutów and Międzybórz.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 107,090. The most populated towns are Oleśnica with 37,169 inhabitants and Syców is 10,397 inhabitants.
Seniorectus
Seniorectus (died February 1137) was the abbot of Montecassino in the early twelfth century.

Seniorectus was opposed to the policy of Roger II of Sicily, who intended in the late summer of 1136 to establish a garrison in Montecassino under the chamberlain Joscelin and chancellor Guarin, as defense against the invading armies of Emperor Lothair II and Henry X of Bavaria. On 5 January 1137, Guarin demanded their assistance and when refused besieged the monastery in an attempt to seize its treasure and its walls. The abbot contracted an illness during the siege and died a few months later. While Parlamocchi placed the rebellion of Seniorectus and the attempted garrisoning of Montecassino in 1134, this hypothesis is refuted by the presence of Joscelin in the chronicle of Peter the Deacon: Joscelin being appointed chamberlain only in October 1135.

Henry the Proud
Henry the Proud (German: Heinrich der Stolze) (c. 1108 – 20 October 1139), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Bavaria (as Henry X) from 1126 to 1138 and Duke of Saxony (as Henry II) as well as Margrave of Tuscany and Duke of Spoleto from 1137 until his death. In 1138 he was a candidate for the election as King of the Romans but was defeated by Conrad of Hohenstaufen.