hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kersana Malima
Kersa Malima or Kersa and Malima, is a Aanaa in Oromia, Ethiopia. Part of the Southwest Shewa Zone, Kersana Mailma is bordered on the south by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Kokir, on the northwest by Tole, on the northeast by Sebeta Hawas, and on the east by the East Shewa Zone; the Awash defines the boundary between this woreda and Alem Gena and the Misraq Shewa Zone. The major town in Kersana Malima is Leman. Sodo Dacha woreda was separated from Kersana Malima.

The altitude of this woreda ranges from 1500 to 2900 meters above sea level. Local landmarks include the Melka Kunture prehistoric archeological site, where finds from the Paleolithic through the Neolithic periods have been recovered, and Adadi Maryam church, the southernmost existing rock-hewn church in the style of the better known monolithic churches of the Tigray Region.

Southwest Shewa Zone
Southwest Shewa (Oromo: Shawaa Kibba Lixaa) is one of the zones of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia. This zone takes its name from the kingdom or former province of Shewa. Between 2002 and 2005, a number of districts were separated from West Shewa Zone to create South west Shewa Zone. Towns in it include Waliso (the capital) and Tulu Bolo.
Mnesimache
Mnesimache (Ancient Greek: Μνησιμάχη) is a name that refers to the following figures in Greek mythology:

Mnesimache, an Olenian princess as the daughter of King Dexamenus. Her possible siblings were Eurypylus, Theronice and Theraephone. She was also called Deianira or Hippolyte. Mnesimache was nearly abducted by the Centaur Eurytion. She must be the Mnesimache who became the mother of Diores by Amarynceus

Mnesimache, possible name for the mother of Menestheus by Peteos.

Olenus (Aetolia)
Olenus or Olenos (Ancient Greek: Ὤλενος) was a town in the south of ancient Aetolia, between the Achelous River and the Evenus River. It was named after an Olenus, a son of Zeus or Hephaestus, and is mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was situated near Pleuron, at the foot of Mount Aracynthus; but its exact site is uncertain. It is said to have been destroyed by the Aeolians; and there were only a few traces of it in the time of Strabo. The Roman poets use Olenius as equivalent to Aetolian: thus Tydeus of Calydon in Aetolia is called Olenius Tydeus.
5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing)
In enzymology, a 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) (EC 3.5.2.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + 5-oxo-L-proline + 2 H2O  ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, 5-oxo-L-proline, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-oxo-L-proline amidohydrolase (ATP-hydrolysing). Other names in common use include pyroglutamase (ATP-hydrolysing), oxoprolinase, pyroglutamase, 5-oxoprolinase, pyroglutamate hydrolase, pyroglutamic hydrolase, L-pyroglutamate hydrolase, 5-oxo-L-prolinase, and pyroglutamase.  This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism.

Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH, /ˌɡluːtəˈθaɪoʊn/) is a small protein made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals.

It is synthesized by attaching cysteine to the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain with a gamma peptide linkage, and to glycine with a normal peptide linkage.
A236 highway (Nigeria)
The A236 highway is a highway in Nigeria. It is one of the east-west roads linking the main south-north roads. (It is named from the two highways it links).

It runs from the A2 highway at Zaria, Kaduna State to the A3 highway at Jos, the capital of Plateau State.

Zaria
Zaria Listenⓘ (formerly Zazzau) is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education (FCE Zaria), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma.

From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
Spanish American wars of independence order of battle: Spanish expeditionary forces
In attempts to retain or re-assert control over its colonies in America, the Spanish Empire deployed several expeditionary forces during and after the Spanish American wars of independence. The largest of these forces, known as "the expeditionary army of Costa Firme", and consisting of over 10,000 troops under General Morillo, undertook the Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–16). Forces were also sent to New Spain between 1812 and 1817. Later, after Mexican independence in 1821, a Spanish garrison was sent from Cuba to occupy Spain's last Mexican outpost, the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa; this force remained there until surrendering in 1825. Finally, a force under Isidro Barradas Valdés attempted to regain control of Mexico in 1829.

Spanish reconquest of New Granada
The Spanish reconquest of New Granada in 1815–1816 was part of the Spanish American wars of independence in South America and Colombian War of Independence. Shortly after the Napoleonic Wars ended, Ferdinand VII, recently restored to the throne in Spain, decided to send military forces to retake most of the northern South American colonies, which had established autonomous juntas and independent states. The Spanish expeditionary army under the command of Lieutenant General Pablo Morillo, with support from loyal colonial troops, completed the reconquest of New Granada by taking Bogotá on 6 May 1816.
London Philhellenic Committee
The London Philhellenic Committee (1823–1826) was a Philhellenic group established to support the Greek War of Independence from Ottoman rule by raising funds by subscription for military supplies to Greece and by raising a major loan to stabilize the fledgling Greek government. Its first meeting was held on 28 February 1823 in the Crown and Anchor Tavern on the Strand.

The committee was established by John Bowring and Edward Blaquiere. Its early members included the reformer Jeremy Bentham and Lord Byron. Other members included Francis Burdett, John Hobhouse, Joseph Hume, Edward Ellice and David Ricardo.

There were two causes that prompted the formation of the committee. Viscount Castlereagh died in 1822 and was replaced by George Canning as Foreign Secretary; and Byron was recruited to the cause.

John Bowring
Sir John Bowring, or Phrayā Siam Mānukūlakicca Siammitra Mahāyaśa (17 October 1792 – 23 November 1872) was a British political economist, traveller, writer, literary translator, polyglot and the fourth Governor of Hong Kong. He was appointed by Queen Victoria as emissary to Siam, later he was appointed by King Mongkut of Siam as ambassador to London, also making a treaty of amity with Siam on 18 April 1855, now referred to as the "Bowring Treaty". His namesake treaty was fully effective for 70 years, until the reign of Vajiravudh. This treaty was gradually edited and became completely ineffective in 1938 under the government of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. Later, he was sent as a commissioner of Britain to the newly created Kingdom of Italy in 1861. He died in Claremont in Devon on 23 November 1872.
Mark Henshaw
Mark Henshaw (born 1951) is an Australian writer. He is best known for this 1988 post-modern novel Out of the Line of Fire which was shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award and The Age Book of the Year Award.

Miles Franklin Award
The Miles Franklin Literary Award is an annual literary prize awarded to "a novel which is of the highest literary merit and presents Australian life in any of its phases". The award was set up according to the will of Miles Franklin (1879–1954), who is best known for writing the Australian classic My Brilliant Career (1901). She bequeathed her estate to fund this award. As of 2025, the award is valued at A$60,000.
Vasospasm
Vasospasm refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction. This can lead to tissue ischemia (insufficient blood flow) and tissue death (necrosis).

Along with physical resistance, vasospasm is a main cause of ischemia. Like physical resistance, vasospasms can occur due to atherosclerosis. Vasospasm is the major cause of Prinzmetal's angina.

Cerebral vasospasm may arise in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage as symptomatic vasospasm (or delayed cerebral ischemia), where it is a major contributor to post-operative stroke and mortality. Vasospasm typically appears 4 to 10 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage, however the relationship between radiological arterial spasm (seen on angiography) and clinical neurological deterioration is nuanced and uncertain.

Brain ischemia
Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient bloodflow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.  This leads to poor oxygen supply in the brain and may be temporary such as in transient ischemic attack or permanent in which there is death of brain tissue such as in cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke).

The symptoms of brain ischemia reflect the anatomical region undergoing blood and oxygen deprivation, and may involve impairments in vision, body movement, and speaking.

An interruption of blood flow to the brain for more than 10 seconds causes unconsciousness, and an interruption in flow for more than a few minutes generally results in irreversible brain damage.  In 1974, Hossmann and Zimmermann demonstrated that ischemia induced in mammalian brains for up to an hour can be at least partially recovered. Accordingly, this discovery raised the possibility of intervening after brain ischemia before the damage becomes irreversible.
Kye (surname)
Kye (Korean: 계) is a Korean family name. There were 6,641 people with this family name according to the 2015 South Korean census. The 1930 national census found that 97% of those with surname Kye were mostly found in the northern region (now North Korea), the majority were located in Sonchon County, North Pyongan Province.

Notable people with this surname:

Bumzu (born Kye Beom-ju, 1991), South Korean singer, songwriter, record producer

Kye Sun-hui (born 1979), North Korean judoka, Olympic gold medalist

Kye Ung-sang (1893–1967), North Korean geneticist and expert on silkworms

Kye Ung-thae (1925–2006), North Korean politician, former Vice Premier of North Korea

Kye Yong-mook (1904–1961), South Korean writer

Bumzu
Kye Beom-ju (Korean: 계범주, born November 8, 1991), better known by the stage name Bumzu (범주), is a South Korean record producer, songwriter and singer. He signed to Pledis Entertainment early in his career, and has been co-CEO of the Prismfilter Music Group since 2016.

He is best known for his work with Pledis Entertainment labelmates NU'EST and Seventeen, and has amassed credits working with other South Korean artists including Shinee, Fromis 9, NCT 127, TWS, and BTS's Jin. Since 2019, he has been a full member of the Korea Music Copyright Association (KOMCA), a status given to music creators who meet the highest levels of professional standards and copyright royalties. In 2025, he also became a member of The Recording Academy.
Boronia excelsa
Boronia excelsa is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to a small area in Far North Queensland. It is an erect shrub with woolly-hairy branches, simple, stalkless, more or less hairless leaves, and pink to white, four-petalled flowers.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
2016 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 2016–17 was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by Finance Minister Bill Morneau on 22 March 2016. The deficit was projected to be $29.4 billion for the fiscal year 2016–2017, however this was adjusted to $17.8 billion by end of March 2017.  This was later adjusted to $19.0 billion after reflecting a change in the discount rate methodology used to determine the present value of the Government's unfunded pension obligations. The Auditor General's recommendations resulted in revisions to 10 years' worth of budget numbers. The budget also forecast that the deficit would shrink to $14.3 billion four years later.

Items of note in the budget included $120 billion over 10 years for public infrastructure—focusing on transit, water, waste management and housing—as well as the introduction of the Canada Child Benefit. The budget also included money for First Nations communities, as well as larger seniors and employment insurance benefits.

Canada Child Benefit
The Canada Child Benefit (CCB), previously the Canada Child Tax Benefit (CCTB), is an income-tested basic income program for Canadian families. It is delivered as a tax-free monthly payment available to eligible Canadian families to help with the cost of raising children. The CCTB could incorporate the National Child Benefit (NCB), a monthly benefit for low-income families with children, and the Child Disability Benefit (CDB), a monthly benefit for families caring for children with severe and prolonged mental or physical disabilities.
Shot Tower
A shot tower is used for the production of lead shot.

Places named Shot Tower include:

Shot Tower (Dubuque), United States

Shot Tower, Lambeth, England

Shot Tower, Taroona, Tasmania

Jackson Ferry Shot Tower, Virginia, United States

Phoenix Shot Tower, Baltimore, United States listed on the NRHP in Maryland
Shot Tower station, a nearby metro station

Shot Tower (Max Meadows, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia

Shot Tower (Spring Green, Wisconsin),  listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin

George W. Rogers Company Shot Tower, Dubuque, Iowa, listed on the NRHP in Iowa

Shot Tower, Taroona
The Shot Tower (sometimes referred to as the Taroona Shot Tower) is a historic sandstone shot tower situated in Taroona, Tasmania, Australia. The tower held the title of tallest building within the Australian colonies between 1870 and 1875 and remained the tallest structure in Tasmania until 1960, when it was surpassed by the Mount Wellington broadcast tower. The Shot Tower is recognised as the tallest cylindrical sandstone tower in the Southern Hemisphere. The building is listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register and was previously listed on the former Register of the National Estate.
Lynching of Robert Marshall
Robert "Bob" Marshall (1885 - June 18, 1925) was an African American itinerant coal miner from Arkansas. On June 18, 1925, Marshall was lynched by the Ku Klux Klan for allegedly killing a white guard in Carbon County, Utah.: 355

Migrant worker
A migrant worker is a person who migrates within a home country or outside it to pursue work. Migrant workers usually do not have an intention to stay permanently in the country or region in which they work.

Migrant workers who work outside their home country are also called foreign workers. They may also be called expatriates or guest workers, especially when they have been sent for or invited to work in the host country before leaving the home country.

The International Labour Organization estimated in 2019 that there were 169 million international migrants worldwide. Some countries have millions of migrant workers. Some migrant workers are illegal immigrants or slaves.
Love's Unfolding Dream
Love's Unfolding Dream is a 2007 made-for-television Christian drama film and the sixth film based on a series of books by Janette Oke. It originally aired on Hallmark Channel on December 15, 2007 and was produced for Hallmark by Larry Levinson Productions. It was directed by Harvey Frost. It is the sixth film in an ongoing series that includes Love Comes Softly (2003), Love's Enduring Promise (2004), Love's Long Journey (2005), and Love's Abiding Joy (2006), Love's Unending Legacy (2007), Love Takes Wing (2009), and Love Finds a Home (2009), as well as the 2011 prequels Love Begins, Love's Everlasting Courage, and Love's Christmas Journey.

Larry Levinson Productions
Larry Levinson Productions (LLP) is the production company of Larry Levinson. Levinson is an American screenwriter, producer and the president of Levinson Productions. By 2016, the company had produced over 200 films.
Ancistrobasis
Ancistrobasis is a genus of sea snails, and marine gastropod mollusks in the family Seguenziidae.

Dall (1889) regarded (with some doubt) Ancistrobasis as a section of the closely related genus Basilissa Watson, 1879.

Rodolfo Amando Philippi
Rodolfo Amando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi (14 September 1808 – 23 July 1904) was a German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist. Philippi contributed primarily to malacology and paleontology, but also published a major work on Diptera of Chile. His grandson, Rodulfo Amando Philippi Bañados (1905-1969), was also a zoologist and in order to avoid confusion in zoological nomenclature, the elder is referred to as "Philippi [Krumwiede]" to distinguish him from his grandson "Philippi [Bañados]".
Scar Bluffs
Scar Bluffs is a three black, rectangular, steep-sided rock outcrops 27 nautical miles (50 km; 31 mi) south of Cape Hudson, Mawson Peninsula. Photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1958, and ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions), 1959. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) after the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) of the International Council of Scientific Unions.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Kouniakary
Kouniakary or Koniakari is a town and urban commune in the Cercle of Kayes in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The town is located approximately 65 kilometres from Kayes city. In 2009 the commune had a population of 8135.

Koniakary was the capital of the kingdom of Khasso, and was sacked by Kaarta in 1800. In 1855, El Hadj Umar Tall constructed a tata at Koniakari to protect against the soldiers of French Colonel Louis Archinard; the tata still stands today, and has become a tourist attraction.

Tata (fortification)
A tata or tata somba is a historic type of fortification used throughout West Africa. The word is applied to the wall itself as well as the elite living spaces within it for the ruler of the tata and his court. It can also designate the defenses around a major city or other military center. The term 'tata' derives from the Mandinka language but has been used across a wide area, roughly corresponding to the former Mali Empire, since at least the 16th century.

Tata are often made of wood and rammed earth or mudbrick, but sometimes of stone as well. They usually have round or square towers, sometimes thatched, with arrow or gun slits.

Tata ruins, such as that of Maba Diakhou Bâ near Nioro du Rip in Senegal, generally date from the 19th century, though some are older. The construction materials used make them vulnerable to erosion and degradation if not maintained regularly. The tata of northern Togo and Benin are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Terri Welles
Terri Welles (born Terri Knepper; November 21, 1956) is an American actress and adult model. She first appeared on the cover of the May 1980 issue of Playboy, wearing a flight attendant costume to illustrate a pictorial on stewardesses (Welles was a United Airlines stewardess at the time). She subsequently appeared as a centerfold in the December 1980 issue and was named Playmate of the Year for 1981. Her original pictorial was photographed by Richard Fegley. Welles was the inspiration for the "Bobo Weller" character in the film Star 80.

Flight attendant
A flight attendant is a member of the aircrew whose primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of passengers in the cabin of an aircraft across all stages of flight. Their secondary duty is to see to the comfort of passengers. Flight attendants are also known as a steward (MASC) or stewardess (FEM), or air host (MASC) or air hostess (FEM) and are collectively referred to as cabin crew.
San Francisco, Atlántida
San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ fɾanˈsisko]) is a town, with a population of 3,437 (2013 census), and a municipality in the Honduran department of Atlántida. The largest town of the municipality is Santa Ana, with a population of 6,776 (2013 census).

Departments of Honduras
Honduras is divided into 18 departments (Spanish: departamentos). Each department is headed by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Honduras. The governor represents the executive branch in the region in addition to acting as intermediary between municipalities and various national authorities; resolves issues arising between municipalities; oversees the penitentiaries and prisons in his department; and regularly works with the various Secretaries of State that form the President's Cabinet. To be eligible for appointment as a governor, the individual must: a) live for five consecutive years in the department; b) be Honduran; c) be older than 18 years of age and; d) know how to read and write.
Copper Mountain (Mason County, Washington)
Copper Mountain is a 5,425-foot (1,654 m) mountain summit located in the southeast portion of the Olympic Mountains, in Mason County of Washington state. It is situated on the boundary shared by Daniel J. Evans Wilderness and Mount Skokomish Wilderness, as well as the shared common border of Olympic National Park with Olympic National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Ellinor, 1.67 miles (2.69 km) to the east. Wagonwheel Lake lies immediately north of the peak. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 4,700 feet (1,433 m) above the Staircase Ranger Station at Lake Cushman in approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km). Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into the Hamma Hamma River, and south into the North Fork Skokomish River, thence Lake Cushman.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.