hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convoy HX 228
HX 228 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was one of a series of four convoy battles that occurred during the crisis month of March 1943 and is notable for the loss of the Escort Group leader Commander AA "Harry" Tait.

Naval Station Argentia
Naval Station Argentia (IATA: NWP) is a former base of the United States Navy that operated from 1941 to 1994. It was established in the community of Argentia in the Dominion of Newfoundland, which later became the tenth Canadian province, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Stavchany, Lviv Oblast
Stavchany (Ukrainian: Ставчани) is a village in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pustomyty urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Stavchany belonged to Pustomyty Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven.

Lviv Raion
Lviv Raion (Ukrainian: Львівський район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 18 July 2020 as part of Ukraine's administrative reform. The center of the region is the city of Lviv. The raion was formed by merging four abolished raions, Horodok, Peremyshliany, Pustomyty, and Zhovkva Raions, as well as Lviv Municipality and parts of Kamianka-Buzka and Zolochiv Raions. Population: 1,141,119 (2022 estimate).
Gas check
A gas check is a gasket type component of firearms ammunition. Gas checks are used when non-jacketed bullets are used in high pressure cartridges. The use of a gas check inhibits the buildup of lead in the barrel and improves accuracy.

Gun barrel
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns.  It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal, through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end (muzzle) at a high velocity.  The hollow interior of the barrel is called the bore, and the diameter of the bore is called its calibre, usually measured in inches or millimetres.

The first firearms were made at a time when metallurgy was not advanced enough to cast tubes capable of withstanding the explosive forces of early cannons, so the pipe (often built from staves of metal) needed to be braced periodically along its length for structural reinforcement, producing an appearance somewhat reminiscent of storage barrels being stacked together, hence the English name.
Malfunction
A malfunction is a state in which something functions incorrectly or is obstructed from functioning at all.

Some types of malfunctions are:

Malfunction (parachuting), malfunction of a parachute

Sexual malfunction, also called "sexual dysfunction"
See also dyspareunia

Wardrobe malfunction, a euphemism, or slang term, for accidental nudity in public

Malfunction Junction, an ill-functioning interchange

Firearm malfunction, the failure of a firearm to function as expected

Wardrobe malfunction
A wardrobe malfunction is a clothing failure that accidentally exposes a person's intimate parts. It is different from deliberate incidents of indecent exposure or public flashing. Justin Timberlake first used the term when apologizing for the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy during the 2004 Grammy Awards, saying that he accidentally revealed Janet Jackson's breast instead of just her brassiere. The phrase wardrobe malfunction was in turn used by the media to refer to the incident and entered pop culture. There was a long history of such incidents before the term was coined and it has since become common.
1920 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Molla Mallory defeated Marion Zinderstein 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1920 U.S. National Championships. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from September 20 through September 25, 1920. It was Mallory's fifth U.S. National singles title.

Molla Mallory
Anna Margrethe "Molla" Bjurstedt Mallory (née Bjurstedt; 6 March 1884 – 22 November 1959) was a Norwegian-American tennis player, at one time ranked number 2 in the world. She won a record eight singles titles at the U.S. National Championships. She was the first woman to represent Norway at the Olympics.
Madrisquí
Madrisquí (also known as Cayo Madriskí or Madrizqui) is a small island that belongs to the Archipelago of Los Roques, which is administratively part of the Federal Dependencies and is under the authority of the Miranda Island Territory in the waters of the Caribbean Sea of Venezuela . Is part of the tourist or recreational area of the park, is linked to Cayo Pirata through a narrow sand barrier. It has an area of 18.85 hectares (0.18 square kilometers).

Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Spanish: Dependencias Federales de Venezuela) encompass most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea, excluding those islands that form the State of Nueva Esparta and some Caribbean coastal islands that are integrated with nearby states. These islands, with a total area of 342 square kilometres, are sparsely populated – according to the preliminary results of the 2011 Census only 2,155 people live there permanently, with another hundred from Margarita Island who live there seasonally to engage in fishing. Local government is officially under the authority of Central government in Caracas, although de facto power is often held by the heads of the sparse and somewhat isolated communities that decorate the territories.
Batalha, Portugal
Batalha (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐˈtaʎɐ] ⓘ), officially Town of Batalha (Portuguese: Vila da Batalha), is a town and a municipality in historical Beira Litoral province, and Leiria district in the Centro of Portugal. The town's name means "battle". The municipality population in 2011 was 15,805, in an area of 103.42 km2 (39.93 sq mi). The town proper has around 8,548 inhabitants in an area of 28.42 km2 (10.97 sq mi). The municipality is limited to the North and West by the municipality of Leiria, to the East by Ourém, to the Southeast by Alcanena and to the Southwest by Porto de Mós.

The town was founded by King D. João I of Portugal, jointly with the Monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória na Batalha (a World Heritage Site), to pay homage to the Portuguese victory at the Battle of Aljubarrota (14 August 1385) that put an end to the 1383–1385 Crisis.

Alcanena
Alcanena (Portuguese pronunciation: [alkɐˈnenɐ] ⓘ) is a Portuguese town and municipality of Ribatejo in Santarém District. The population in 2011 was 13,868, in an area of 127.33 km².

The current mayor is Rui Anastácio (Partido Social Democrata) and the president of the Municipal Assembly is Silvestre Pereira (Socialist Party). The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.
Étienne Klein
Étienne Klein (French: [klɛ̃]; born 1958) is a French physicist and philosopher of science. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he holds a DEA (Master of Advanced Studies) in theoretical physics, as well as a Ph.D. in philosophy of science and an accreditation to supervise research (HDR).

Master of Advanced Studies
A Master of Advanced Studies (MASt or MAS; or Master of Advanced Study) is a postgraduate degree awarded in various countries. Master of Advanced Studies programs may be non-consecutive programs tailored for "specific groups of working professionals with well-defined needs for advanced degree work" or advanced research degrees. With the exception of the several schools in the UK, advanced studies programs tend to be interdisciplinary and tend to be focused toward meeting the needs of professionals rather than academics.
The Master of Advanced Studies is also often referred as Executive Master because it is aimed at working professionals (see the LSE in the UK programs for example or INSEAD and HEC programs in France)
Sirtori
Sirtori (Brianzöö: Sìrtur) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,844 and an area of 4.3 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Sirtori contains the frazione (subdivision) Bevera di Sirtori.

Sirtori borders the following municipalities: Barzago, Barzanò, Castello di Brianza, Missaglia, Perego, Rovagnate, Viganò.

Perego, Lecco
Perego is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of La Valletta Brianza in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy.

It was an independent comune until 30 January 2015, when it merged with Rovagnate to form the new comune of La Valletta Brianza.
2014–15 Elitserien (bandy)
The 2014–15 Elitserien was the eighth season of the present highest Swedish men's bandy top division, Elitserien. The regular season began on 24 October 2014, and the final was played at Tele2 Arena in Stockholm on 14 March 2015.

Elitserien (bandy)
The Elitserien (literally, the "Elite League") (Swedish: Elitserien i bandy) is since the 2007–08 season the highest bandy league in Sweden. It consists of 14 teams. The season ends with one final game in March. The final was held at Studenternas IP in Uppsala from 1991 until 2012. In 2013 and 2014 the final was played at Friends Arena in Solna, and from 2015 to 2017 it was played at the Tele2 Arena. The final returned to 4,600-capacity Studenternas IP indoor stadium in 2018.
Resources Global Professionals
RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting, information management, governance, risk & compliance (GRC), human capital, legal & regulatory, corporate advisory & restructuring, strategic communications, and supply chain management.  As of fiscal year ending May 28, 2016, the company employed 3,283 professionals in 68 offices in 20 countries around the world. The company reported serving over 1,700 clients. Company headquarters are located in Irvine, CA.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Castle Dome (butte)
Castle Dome, or Castle Dome Peak is a prominent butte and high point of the Castle Dome Mountains northeast of Yuma, Arizona, in the northwestern Sonoran Desert.

The butte lies approximately 22 miles (35 km) east of the historical Castle Dome Landing on the Colorado River (site submerged by the Imperial Reservoir). It is located above and east of US Route 95 and the Castle Dome mining district. Castle Dome is noteworthy for its recreational use for day hiking. It is also often coated in winter or spring snowstorms as a white landform, with its loss of white being determined by season and duration of storm temperatures. Castle Dome's height is 3,791 feet (1,155 m).

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Hida Gokoku Shrine
Hida Gokoku Shrine (飛騨護國神社, Hida Gokoku Jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is designated to the people from the area who died during wars. The time period represented by the dead ranges from the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877 to World War II. Because it represented only a small portion of the prefecture, it was eventually replaced by the Gifu Gokoku Shrine.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
Accambray
Accambray is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Isabelle Accambray (born 1956), French discus thrower

Jacques Accambray (born 1950), French hammer thrower

William Accambray (born 1988), French handball player

Jacques Accambray
Jacques Accambray (born 23 May 1950) is a French former track and field athlete.

A talented age group thrower, Accambray set a world junior record in men's hammer throw in 1969. During the early 1970s he studied at Kent State University in Ohio, winning NCAA championship titles in both hammer throw and weight throw. He represented France as a hammer thrower at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, as well as at the European Championships of 1969, 1971, 1974 and 1978. From 1985 to 1996 he was President of the French American Football Federation.
Eleanor Marx (TV series)
Eleanor Marx is a British television drama series which was originally broadcast in three episodes on BBC 2 from 10 January to 24 January 1977. It was inspired by the life Eleanor Marx the British socialist campaigner and youngest daughter of Karl Marx, and her complex relationship with her family and her long-term partner Edward Aveling.

Eleanor Marx
Jenny Julia Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 – 31 March 1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling and known to her family as Tussy, was the English-born youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She was herself a socialist activist who sometimes worked as a literary translator. In March 1898, after discovering that her partner Edward Aveling had secretly married the previous year, she poisoned herself at the age of 43.
PKS 0454−234
PKS 0454−234 is a blazar located in the constellation of Lepus. It is classified as a highly polarized quasar with a redshift of (z) 1.003. This object was first discovered in 1970 during a 1415 MHz continuum survey conducted by Ohio State University where it was given the designation, OF -292. The radio spectrum of this source is flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
1961 Rebel 300
The 1961 Rebel 300 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event held on May 6, 1961, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Two hundred and nineteen laps were run on an oval track spanning 1.375 miles (2.213 km).

Darlington, South Carolina
Darlington is a city located in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Darlington had a population of 6,149. It is the county seat of Darlington County. It is part of the Florence, South Carolina metropolitan area.

Darlington is known for its Darlington Oak and Spanish moss. Darlington is home to the famous Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500 race on Labor Day weekend as well as a 400-mile spring race. It is also the site of the National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) Hall of Fame. Darlington is also a center for tobacco farming.

Darlington is located 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Florence and 76 miles (122 km) northeast of the state capital, Columbia.
WIIH-CD
WIIH-CD (channel 17) is a low-power Class A television station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Confess. Locally owned by Circle City Broadcasting, it is a sister station to Circle City's duopoly of Indianapolis-licensed CW affiliate WISH-TV (channel 8) and Marion-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WNDY-TV (channel 23). The three stations share studios on North Meridian Street (at the north end of the Television Row section) on the near north side of Indianapolis; WIIH-CD's transmitter is located on Walnut Drive in the Augusta section of the city's northwest side (near Meridian Hills).

Even though WIIH-CD broadcasts a digital signal of its own, its broadcast radius is limited to the immediate Indianapolis area. It is therefore simulcast on WISH-TV's second digital subchannel (8.2) in order to reach the entire market.

Duopoly (broadcasting)
A duopoly (or twinstick, referring to "stick" as jargon for a radio tower) is a situation in television and radio broadcasting in which two or more stations in the same city or community share common ownership.
U. Conrad Vincent
Dr. U. Conrad Vincent was an American physician.

Vincent graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1917. He applied for and was initially rejected for an internship at Bellevue Hospital; however, Mayor John Hylan requested that his application be reconsidered, and he then became the first African American intern at the hospital. He became a urological surgeon and founded the Vincent Sanitarium and Hospital in Harlem in 1929.

Perelman School of Medicine
The Perelman School of Medicine, previously the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn Med), is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy league research university in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, it is the oldest medical school in the United States.

As of 2024, the school has about 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
Masaru Hamaguchi
Masaru Hamaguchi (Japanese: 濱口 優, Hepburn: Hamaguchi Masaru; born January 29, 1972) is a Japanese comedian and actor from Konohana-ku, Osaka. He is the tsukkomi of the manzai duo, Yoiko, with his partner Shinya Arino.

Manzai
Manzai (漫才) is a traditional style of comedy in Japanese culture comparable to double act comedy.

Manzai usually involves two performers (manzaishi)—a straight man (tsukkomi) and a funny man (boke)—trading jokes at great speed. Most of the jokes revolve around mutual misunderstandings, double-talk, puns and other verbal gags.

In 1933, Yoshimoto Kogyo, a large entertainment conglomerate based in Osaka, introduced Osaka-style manzai to Tokyo audiences and coined the term "漫才" (one of several ways of writing the word manzai in Japanese; see § Etymology below). In recent times, manzai has often been associated with the Osaka region, and manzai comedians often speak in the Kansai dialect during their acts.
INS Tarasa (T94)
INS Tarasa (T94) is a patrol vessel of the Car Nicobar-class of Indian Navy and the last ship in the series of four Water Jet Fast Attack Craft (WJFAC). Unlike the United States Coast Guard's similarly sized Sentinel class cutters, the class is propelled by water jets, at up to 35 knots (65 km/h), where the American patrol vessels conventional propulsion systems maximum stated speed is 28 knots (52 km/h).  Both classes have a mission endurance of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km).

GRSE handed over the ship to the Indian Navy in Kolkata on 15 June 2017. From Kolkata, the ship will sail to Mumbai for its official commissioning. The ship was commissioned by Vice Admiral Girish Luthra, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command on 26 September 2017 at Mumbai. She will based under the operational control of Western Naval Command at Mumbai. Her commissioning Commanding officer is Lieutenant Commander Praveen Kumar.

Western Naval Command
The Western Naval Command is one of the three command–level formations of the Indian Navy. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As the senior–most of the three formations, the command is responsible for the all naval forces in the Arabian Sea and western parts of the Indian Ocean and the naval establishments on the west coast of India.

The Command was formed on 1 March 1968. The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan is the current FOC-in-C WNC, who took over on 1 August 2025.
Kostant partition function
In representation theory, a branch of mathematics, the Kostant partition function, introduced by Bertram Kostant (1958, 1959), of a root system  is the number of ways one can represent a vector (weight) as a non-negative integer linear combination of the positive roots .  Kostant used it to rewrite the Weyl character formula as a formula (the Kostant multiplicity formula) for the multiplicity of a weight of an irreducible representation of a semisimple Lie algebra. An alternative formula, that is more computationally efficient in some cases, is Freudenthal's formula.

The Kostant partition function can also be defined for Kac–Moody algebras and has similar properties.

Multiplicity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the multiplicity of a member of a multiset is the number of times it appears in the multiset.  For example, the number of times a given polynomial has a root at a given point is the multiplicity of that root.

The notion of multiplicity is important to be able to count correctly without specifying exceptions (for example, double roots counted twice).  Hence the expression, "counted with multiplicity".

If multiplicity is ignored, this may be emphasized by counting the number of distinct elements, as in "the number of distinct roots". However, whenever a set (as opposed to multiset) is formed, multiplicity is automatically ignored, without requiring use of the term "distinct".