hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alessandro Maffei
Alessandro Ferdinando Maffei (3 October 1662, Verona – January 1730, Munich) was an Italian Lieutenant General of Infantry in the service of the Electorate of Bavaria. He was the brother of the Italian writer and archaeologist Francesco Scipione.

De Maffei was born at Verona. After entering the army of Bavaria in 1683 he was wounded at the Siege of Mongatz in 1687; he was later promoted to Colonel in 1696.

During the War of the Spanish Succession he served as the second in command at the Battle of Schellenberg in 1704. In 1706 he led a brigade at the Battle of Ramillies against the Allied forces under the command of the Duke of Marlborough. After being taken prisoner, he became involved in abortive negotiations for peace.

In 1717 he contributed to the victory over the Turks at the Siege of Belgrade in the Austro-Turkish War and was subsequently made Field Marshal Lieutenant of the Holy Roman Empire. He died in Munich in 1730.

Lieutenant field marshal
Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (German: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly Feldmarschallleutnant, historically also Feldmarschall-Lieutenant and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always Feldmarschalleutnant, abbreviated  FML), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank of field marshal (German: Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel). In German-speaking countries the commander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" (Untermarschall) or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards.
Kay Young
Caroline Kate (Kay) Young (born January 30, 1944) is a former Canadian politician. She represented the riding of Terra Nova in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1993 to 1996 as a member of the Liberal Party.

The daughter of Wallace Diamond and Nellie Emberley, she was born Caroline Kate Diamond in Whitbourne, Newfoundland and Labrador and was educated at Memorial University. She was a teacher in Lethbridge from 1967 to 1993. She married Walter Young.

She defeated Progressive Conservative incumbent Glen Greening to win a seat in the Newfoundland assembly in 1993. Young was Minister of Social Services and Minister responsible for the Status of Women. She ran unsuccessfully in the redistributed riding of Bonavista South in 1996, losing to Roger Fitzgerald.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
2017 Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau
The 2017 Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament for men and the 4th for women, and it was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $75,000 for men and $25,000 for women in prize money. It took place in Gatineau, Canada between July 17 and 23, 2017.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Aluminium iodide
Aluminium iodide  is the inorganic compound with the composition AlI3. It also exists a various hydrates formed by exposure of the anhydrous material to water. For example the hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydroiodic acid.  Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI3 is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere.  It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.

Water of crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost.

Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
Haiti during World War I
Following the United States declaration of war on Germany (1917), the Haitian government protested against the heavy German U-boat submarine activity in the area, and officially declared war on July 12, 1918.

United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)
The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917. President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917, which passed in the Senate on the same day and then in the House of Representatives four days later on April 6. Wilson signed it into law the same day, making the United States officially involved in the First World War.

Despite heavy opposition to the war initially, several incidents resulted in the United States public largely turning against Germany and its allies by 1917. In his speech to the Congress, Wilson stated that the war would make the world ''safe for democracy'' and cited the German Empire's decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare as an attack on not only Europe, but the United States as well.
William A. Mitchell
William A. Mitchell (October 21, 1911 – July 26, 2004) was an American food chemist who, while working for General Foods Corporation between 1941 and 1976, was the key inventor behind Pop Rocks, Tang, Cool Whip, and powdered egg whites.  During his career he received over 70 patents.

Powdered eggs
A powdered egg is a fully dehydrated egg. Most powdered eggs are made using spray drying in the same way that powdered milk is made. First the eggs are cracked and separated from the shell. The egg yolk and white are beaten together and atomized into fine droplets by a spray nozzle that emits the droplets into a column of hot air to rapidly evaporate the moisture without cooking the egg. The use of a cyclone flow of air allows solid particles to be ejected from the drying column, falling to the sides and base of the drying tower to be collected.

The major advantages of powdered eggs over fresh eggs are the increased weight per volume of whole egg equivalent—reducing storage space required—the much longer shelf life, and not needing refrigeration. Powdered eggs can be used without rehydration when baking, and can be rehydrated to make dishes such as scrambled eggs and omelettes.
2025 National Premier Leagues
The 2025 National Premier Leagues was the thirteenth season of the Australian National Premier Leagues football competition. The league competition was played by eight separate state and territory member federations. These divisions were ACT, NSW, Northern NSW, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia.

Along with a further eight 'Foundation' clubs (NPL teams from Melbourne, Sydney and Wollongong), the Premiers of each member federation's competition qualified for the 2025 Australian Championship.

National Premier Leagues South Australia
The National Premier Leagues South Australia, officially abbreviated to NPL SA and known for sponsorship reasons as the RAA National Premier League, is a semi-professional men's soccer league in the Australian state of South Australia. The league is one of eight that comprises the National Premier Leagues, the second tier of Australian soccer. The league was founded in 2012 as a successor to the Super League and is managed by Football South Australia.

Seasons start in late February, and conclude in early September with a Grand Final which, since 2022, has been held at ServiceFM Stadium. The competition was initially contested by 14 teams and was reduced to 12 teams ahead of the 2016 season.
Channel 52 virtual TV stations in the United States
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 52 in the United States:

K15HQ-D in Sayre, Oklahoma

K20NJ-D in Elk City, Oklahoma

K27IG-D in Cortez, etc., Colorado

K27JO-D in Strong City, Oklahoma

K28OX-D in Weatherford, Oklahoma

K31JW-D in Elk City, Oklahoma

K35LF-D in Eureka, California

KDAS-LD in Santa Rosa, California

KDTS-LD in San Francisco, California

KFWD in Fort Worth, Texas

KPXH-LD in Fort Collins, Colorado

KSBI in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

KVEA in Corona, California

KZHD-LD in Rohnert Park, California

W23DM-D in Falmouth, Kentucky

WGGN-TV in Sandusky, Ohio

WGVK in Kalamazoo, Michigan

WHLV-TV in Cocoa, Florida

WKON in Owenton, Kentucky

WNJT in Trenton, New Jersey

WNYI in Ithaca, New York

WWRS-TV in Mayville, Wisconsin

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 52 in the U.S.:

K30MI-D in Redding, California

WBTD-LD in Suffolk, Virginia

WMSY-TV in Marion, Virginia

WGGN-TV
WGGN-TV (channel 52) is a religious independent television station licensed to Sandusky, Ohio, United States, serving the Cleveland and Toledo television markets. It is owned by Christian Broadcasting Ministries alongside two religious radio stations: Castalia-licensed WGGN (97.7 FM) and Willard-based WLRD (96.9 FM). The three stations share studios in Castalia; WGGN-TV's transmitter is located in New London.

Operating on a commercial license, the station presently broadcasts religious programming from local churches and national ministries.
Capital Life
Capital Life, also known as Life, was a digital radio station broadcasting across the UK on the Digital One network and streamed online. Capital Life was due to be available on DTV but never launched due to the station's closure.

Classic FM (UK)
Classic FM (styled as CLASSIC fM) is one of the United Kingdom's three Independent National Radio stations and is owned and operated by Global Media & Entertainment (Global). The station broadcasts classical music and was launched in 1992.

Classic FM was the first national classical music station to launch since the opening of BBC Radio 3 25 years earlier on 30 September 1967, and 46 years since the opening of Radio 3's predecessor of The Third Programme on 29 September 1946.

As of May 2025, the station has a weekly audience of 4.7 million listeners, according to RAJAR.
Horned clubtail
The horned clubtail (Arigomphus cornutus) is a clubtail dragonfly of Canada and the United States.

The horned clubtail is 2.2 inches (56 mm) long and lacks an abdominal club. It has a greenish thorax with black stripes and a black abdomen with a light stripe along the top. It has blue eyes and black legs. It also has distinctive wide forked yellow claspers shaped like cow horns and a large sloped bridge between the eyes.

The horned clubtail lives in ponds and sluggish streams. Its range includes Canada and several U.S. states:

Colorado

Iowa

Minnesota

Montana – Carter, Custer, Fallon, Powder River, and Wibaux Counties; only in artificial reservoirs.

Nebraska – Cherry and Cuming Counties

New York – (rarely)

North Dakota

South Dakota

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Custer County, Montana
Custer County is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 11,867. Its county seat and largest town is Miles City. The county was established after the end of the American Civil War (1861–1865), on June 2, 1865, as one of the nine original counties of the new western federal Territory of Montana, which had been formed the previous May 1864 by the United States Congress, with the approval of 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865, served 1861–1865). It was originally named Big Horn County of the old Montana Territory, and was renamed on February 16, 1877, in honor of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839–1876), commander of the famous 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army, recently massacred and killed in the nearby Battle of the Little Bighorn, in the later portion of the American Indian Wars, the year before in June 1876.
Ekimchan
Ekimchan (Russian: Экимча́н) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Selemdzhinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Selemdzha River. Population:  1,212 (2010 census); 1,224 (2002 census); 1,832 (1989 Soviet census).

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Feivel
Feivel or Fievel (Yiddish: פֿײַוול) is a Yiddish-language masculine given name, often paired with Shraga. It is a diminutive form of the name Feivush.

Notable people with the name include:

Yechezkel Feivel (1755–1833), rabbi and writer

Feivel Gruberger (1927–2013), American rabbi

Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz (1886–1948), rabbi

Shraga Feivel Paretzky (1917–1992), rabbi

Feivel Schiffer (1809–1871), Polish poet and writer

Ezra Feivel Vogel (1930–2020), American sociologist

Shraga Feivel Zimmerman (living), rabbi

Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz
Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz (1886 – 7 September 1948) was a leader of American Orthodox Judaism and founder of institutions including Torah U'Mesorah, an outreach and educational organization. In 1921 he became principal of Yeshiva Torah Vodaath, an early Brooklyn-based yeshiva founded in 1918. He subsequently added a high school and postgraduate program to the yeshiva. His policies were often informed by the Orthodox philosophical movement Torah im Derech Eretz.
Doug Ardito
Douglas John Ardito (born March 10, 1971) is an American musician who was a member and played guitar as well as bass guitar for the band Puddle of Mudd. He is a Fender Musical Instruments endorsed artist.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.
Royalston Avenue/Farmers Market and 7th Street & Olson/5th Avenue station
Royalston Avenue/Farmers Market (Royalston) and 7th Street & Olson/5th Avenue is a  Metro station in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The light rail (LRT) stop, Royalston, is under construction as part of the Southwest LRT extension of the Green Line, anticipated to open 2027. The bus rapid transit (BRT) stop, 7th Street & Olson/5th Avenue, is served by the C Line and D Line.

The station is located in Minneapolis's North Loop neighborhood, and provides access to the Minneapolis Farmers Market and the Metro Transit Campus, the eponymous agency's headquarters. The station is positioned east of I-94 and north of I-394.

North Loop, Minneapolis
The North Loop is a neighborhood in the Central community of Minneapolis.

Commonly referred to as The Warehouse District, the neighborhood was Minneapolis's main commercial district during the city's years as a midwestern shipping hub. Although only a little commercial shipping is still done in the neighborhood, the historic warehouses still dominate the neighborhood. Some of these buildings have been repurposed into restaurants, shops, and apartments.

The neighborhood features the Minneapolis Warehouse Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre
The Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre is a castle in the commune of Fougères-sur-Bièvre, in the French department of Loir-et-Cher.

Originally an 11th-century structure, it was entirely rebuilt at the end of the 15th century, with only the large, square keep remaining original. The initial reconstruction retained the defensive aspect of the castle: moat, openings for cannon, parapet walk, etc. During the next century, Renaissance refinements, such as a gallery, mullioned windows and steep-sloped roofs were added. During the 19th century, a spinning mill was installed in the chapel. The castle was purchased and restored by the state in the 1930s.

It has been listed since 1912 as a historic monument by the French Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Else (Lenne)
Else (German pronunciation: [ˈɛlzə]) is a 12.9 km river in Märkischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Lenne. The Else rises about 800m north of Herscheid to an altitude of 414m above sea level. As it flows to the east, the stream reaches the area of the Plettenberg-Hüinghausen airfield and passes the village of Hüinghausen on its southern edge. It then proceeds through Plettenberg, before joining up with the Lenne. There is a height difference of 214m between the source and the mouth, which corresponds to a mean gradient of 16.6%.

Märkischer Kreis
The Märkischer Kreis (German pronunciation: [ˌmɛʁkɪʃɐ ˈkʁaɪs], lit. 'Markian District') is a district (Kreis) in central North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighbouring districts are Unna, Soest, Hochsauerland, Olpe, Oberbergischer Kreis, Ennepe-Ruhr, and the city of Hagen.
Run average
In baseball statistics, run average (RA) refers to measures of the rate at which runs are allowed or scored.  For pitchers, the run average is the number of runs—earned or unearned—allowed per nine innings.  It is calculated using this formula:

where

R = Runs

IP = Innings pitched

Run average for pitchers differs from the more commonly used earned run average (ERA) by adding unearned runs to the numerator.  This measure is also known as total run average (TRA) or runs allowed average.  For batters, the run average is the number of runs scored per at bat.

Batting (baseball)
In baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team. A batter or hitter is a person whose turn it is to face the pitcher. The three main goals of batters are to become a baserunner, to drive runners home or to advance runners along the bases for others to drive home, but the techniques and strategies they use to do so vary. Hitting uses a motion which is virtually unique to baseball and its fellow bat-and-ball sports, one that is rarely used in other sports. Hitting is unique because it involves rotating in the horizontal plane of movement, unlike most sports movements which occur in the vertical plane.
The Bay (web series)
The Bay is an American crime-drama series. The show streams on Peacock and Tubi/Popstar! TV in the United States, 10 Play in Australia, SABC in South Africa and Planet TV in Europe.

Starring Kristos Andrews as the rugged and protective "golden boy" Pete Garrett, and Mary Beth Evans as his wealthy socialite matriarch, Sara Garrett, the series was created by Gregori J. Martin. It is set in the posh seaside town of Bay City, where the privileged residents are entangled in one scandal, betrayal or love affair after the other.

The Bay has garnered a total of twenty-three Daytime Emmy Award wins along with a total of 64 Emmy nominations, as of 2025.

Tubi
Tubi (stylized as tubı) is an American over-the-top ad-supported streaming television service owned by Fox Corporation since 2020. The service was launched on April 1, 2014, and is based in San Francisco, California. In 2023, Tubi, Credible Labs, and a few other Fox digital assets were placed into a new division known as the Tubi Media Group.

In May 2024, it was reported to have 80 million monthly active users. In January 2025, Tubi reported to have 97 million monthly active users, and reached 100 million monthly active users in June 2025. The service was ranked 33rd in Fast Company's "The World's 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025".