hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pflunspitzen
The Pflunspitzen are the highest points in the western Verwall Group in the Austrian Alps, reaching a maximum height of 2,912 m (AA). They lie west of the neighbouring Kaltenberg; the nearest village is Klösterle by Arlberg north of the peaks.

The summit block is divided into the south top (2,869 m above sea level (AA)), the fore top (Vorgipfel), the main summit (Hauptgipfel, 2,912 m above sea level (AA)) and the north top. Several routes run from the Reutlinger Hut and the Konstanzer Hut to the summit. The easiest route – climbing grade I – runs from the Reutlinger Hut via the south cold to the south top. Other routes vary in difficulty between grades III and V and are usually described as scenic rock climbing routes, as is the crossing from the north top to the Kaltenberg (III). The Via Katrin (III to VI) runs up the west face to the main summit.

Metres above the Adriatic
Metres above the Adriatic (Italian: Metri sopra l'Adriatico, German: Meter über Adria, Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia to measure elevation, referring to the average water level of the Adriatic Sea at the Sartorio mole in the Port of Trieste.
Curtismill Green
Curtismill Green is a 47.3-hectare (117-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Epping and Brentwood in Essex. It is registered common land. A report by Essex County Council in 2007 stated that the site was in multiple ownership, and it was in poor condition.

The site is a relic of the ancient Forest of Waltham, of which Epping Forest is the largest surviving part. It is unimproved grassland and scrub with both damp and dry areas, with a number of uncommon species. Notable plant species in grassland areas include Orange Foxtail, Lesser Spearwort and Yellow Rattle. There are also a number of ponds.

There is public access to the site.

Brentwood, Essex
Brentwood is a town in Essex, England. It forms part of the London commuter belt, lying 20 miles (32 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London, and just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. Its suburbs include Shenfield, Warley, Brook Street and Hutton. It gives its name to the wider Borough of Brentwood which also covers surrounding rural areas. The population of the Brentwood built up area was 55,340 at the 2021 census.

It has a shopping area along the High Street, a Roman road which became one of the main roads between London and East Anglia. Beyond the town centre are residential developments surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some of this countryside lies within only a few hundred yards of the town centre. Brentwood Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood.
Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile
Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile (Spanish: Atala Riffo y Niñas vs. Chile) was a landmark Inter-American Court of Human Rights case on LGBT rights, which reviewed a Chilean court ruling that in 2005 awarded child custody to a father due to the mother's homosexual orientation.

It was the first case the Inter-American Court took regarding LGBT rights. The Court's ruling also determined sexual orientation to be a suspect classification.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights
9°55′49.58″N 84°3′24.98″W﻿ / ﻿9.9304389°N 84.0569389°W﻿ / 9.9304389; -84.0569389

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS).

Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the American continent that have taken steps to accede to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by governments, and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court.
Maria Martínez Abelló
Maria Martínez Abelló, known as Madama Abelló (died 1815), was a Spanish writer, dramatist, poet and salonnière.

She belonged to the group of literary women who kept literary salons and was published in Spanish papers between 1785 and 1805, when the Age of Enlightenment provided a greater public space for women in Spain.

Abelló was a noted host of a literary salon. She was a published poet in the Spanish press, and became noted for her play Entre los riesgos de amor sostenerse con honor, o La Laureta (1800), which was a rewrite of the "Laurette" (1761) by Jean-François Marmontel. Her work is considered notable in the history of feminism in Spain. She was a noted writer in her time and was included in contemporary dictionaries of famous women in 18th-century Spain.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Oratorio della Madonna del Gabellino, Volterra
The Oratorio della Madonna del Gabellino (Oratory of the Madonna of the Tariff or also known as the Oratory or Chapel of San Felice) is an ancient chapel or oratory located on Via Santa Felice, just north of the interior of Porta San Felice in Volterra, province of Pisa, region of Tuscany, Italy.

This small and simple chapel was erected in 1707 by the neighbors of the zone, perhaps for those involved in collecting tariffs for merchants entering the town, or as chapel for those leaving town. The main altarpiece has a depiction of the Madonna and Child, revered as the Madonna dei Gabellieri by Giuseppe Arrighi. Also in the altar is a depiction of St Francis of Paola by Ippolito Cigna.

From the facade, you can look down at the Fonti di San Felice, a spring fed fountain within the city walls. A church dedicated to St Felix was once located nearby.

Francis of Paola
Francis of Paola, O.M. (also known as Francis the Fire Handler; 27 March 1416 – 2 April 1507), was a Roman Catholic friar from the town of Paola in Calabria who founded the Order of Minims. He was named after Francis of Assisi and like him (but unlike most founders of men's religious orders) Francis of Paola was never ordained a priest.
Göynük, Kemer
Göynük is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Kemer, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 7,868 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The town is inhabited by Tahtacı.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Star Songs of an Old Primate
Star Songs of an Old Primate is the third short story collection by Alice Sheldon (under the pen name James Tiptree, Jr.). It was published by Del Rey Books (a specialized SF and Fantasy imprint of Ballantine Books) in 1978. It was the first of Tiptree's books published after the revelation that Tiptree was a female, rather than  male, writer.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
IP traceback
IP traceback is any method for reliably determining the origin of a packet on the Internet. The IP protocol does not provide for the authentication of the source IP address of an IP packet, enabling the source address to be falsified in a strategy called IP address spoofing, and creating potential internet security and stability problems.

Use of false source IP addresses allows denial-of-service attacks (DoS) or one-way attacks (where the response from the victim host is so well known that return packets need not be received to continue the attack). IP traceback is critical for identifying sources of attacks and instituting protection measures for the Internet. Most existing approaches to this problem have been tailored toward DoS attack detection. Such solutions require high numbers of packets to converge on the attack path(s).

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
Lyubka Rondova
Lyubka Vasileva Rondova (Bulgarian: Любка Василева Рондова), Ljubka Rondova or Lubka Rondova was a Bulgarian folk singer best known for performing and recording many of the traditional songs from Macedonia as a folklore region.

Rondova was born in Sidirochori (Bulgarian: Шестеово, Shesteovo), Vitsi municipality (now Kastoria municipality), Kastoria Prefecture, Greece in 1936. In 1948, at the end of the Greek Civil War, she left her village and went to Poland with many children-refugees from the western part of Greek Macedonia. Later she moved to Czechoslovakia and graduated  in Slavistics from Charles University in Prague. Rondova and her family settled in Bulgaria in 1960.

Rondova was invited to join the song and dance ensemble "Gotse Delchev" in Sofia and was its soloist 30 years.

She was awarded the highest Bulgarian order Stara Planina, First Degree in 2002. She died on March 15, 2016.

Kastoria (regional unit)
Kastoria (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Καστοριάς, Perifereiakí Enótita Kastoriás) is one of the 74 regional units of Greece and is part of the region of Western Macedonia. Its capital is the homonymous city of Kastoria.
Hamburg Downtown Historic District
Hamburg Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Hamburg in Erie County, New York. The district encompasses 62 contributing buildings along two blocks along Main Street in the village of Hamburg.  The district includes a variety of residential, commercial, religious, and government buildings.  Notable buildings include the First Baptist Church (c. 1870), St. James United Church of Christ (1928), Hamburg Presbyterian Church (1952), Bank of Hamburgh (1907, 1967), People's Bank (1926, 1966), and the Walters Building (1917).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Yahagi River
The Yahagi River (矢作川, Yahagi-gawa) is a river that flows from Nagano Prefecture's Mount Ōkawairi, through Gifu Prefecture, and enters Mikawa Bay from Aichi Prefecture in Japan. It is designated an A class river by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

Kiso Mountains
Kiso Mountains (木曽山脈, Kiso Sanmyaku) are a mountain range in Nagano and Gifu prefectures in Japan. They are also called the Central Alps (中央アルプス, Chūō Arupusu) and they combine with the Hida Mountains ("Northern Alps") and the Akaishi Mountains ("Southern Alps") to form a group collectively known as the Japanese Alps.
Sclerocyte
Sclerocytes are specialised cells that secrete the mineralized structures in the body wall of some invertebrates.

In sponges they secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules which are found in the mesohyl layer of sponges. The sclerocytes produce spicules via formation of a cellular triad. The triad of cells then undergo mitosis, creating six sclerocytes. In pairs, the sclerocytes secrete the minerals which create the spicules.

In starfish they are present in the dermis and secrete the calcite microcrystals from which the ossicles are formed. They also function in growth and repair of the ossicles.

Microcrystalline
A microcrystalline material is a crystallized substance or rock that contains small crystals visible only through microscopic examination. There is little agreement on the range of crystal sizes that should be regarded as microcrystalline, but the extreme range of values suggested is 1 to 200 microns.
Phocides polybius
Phocides polybius, the bloody spot or guava skipper, is a species of butterfly in the skipper family, Hesperiidae, that is native to the Americas. It is found from the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas in the United States south through Mexico and Central America to Argentina. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793.

The wingspan is 42–63 mm (1.7–2.5 in). There are several generations with adults on wing in February, April, and June to December in southern Texas.

The larvae feed on Psidium species, including Psidium guajava and Psidium cattleianum. Adults probably feed on flower nectar.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
2023 Pakistani census
The 2023 Census of Pakistan was the seventh national census and detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population. It was conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. It was also the first ever digital census to be held in Pakistan, and the first in South Asian history. It is the most recent census in Pakistan.

The census was initially held from 1 March 2023 to 1 April 2023. However, enumeration was later extended several times until 30 May 2023, because of incomplete enumeration in large cities such as Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad, where people are more mobile and therefore harder to count, and in remote and rural Balochistan. The extension was also used by PBS officials and census takers for quality reviews, to check if all households and people were properly counted in each area. The 2023 census recorded a total population throughout the country of 241,499,431 (excluding Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir).

Balti language
Balti (Perso-Arabic script: بلتی, Tibetan script: སྦལ་ཏི།, Wylie: sbal ti) is a Tibetic language natively spoken by the ethnic Balti people in the Baltistan region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Nubra Valley of the Leh district and the Kargil district of Ladakh, India. The language differs from Standard Tibetan; many sounds of Old Tibetan that were lost in Standard Tibetan are retained in the Balti language. It also has a simple pitch accent system only in multi-syllabic words while Standard Tibetan has a complex and distinct pitch system that includes tone contour. Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian languages, Balti, like other regional languages of Pakistan, is continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loanwords.
Anzac Test
The Anzac Test was an annual rugby league football test match played between Australia and New Zealand for the Bill Kelly Memorial Trophy.

The test series ran from 1997 and 2017. It was played annually with the exception of 2001 to 2003 and was played as mid-season international. In 2019, the Oceania Cup was founded, replacing the Anzac Test series, featuring a number of Pacific Island teams.

Test match (rugby league)
A test match is a historical term used in rugby league football which has no official use with the sports global governing body – the International Rugby League (IRL).

The term predates the creation of the IRL, thus every national governing body has slightly varying definitions which has changed throughout history. As such, it is possible for a game to have test status in one nation but not the other. The Rugby Football League (RFL), the governing body in England and first governing body of the sport, currently defines a "Test Match" as "a game of Rugby League Football played between teams representing members of the IRL".

The first official test match took place on 1 January 1908 when Wales defeated New Zealand 9–8 at the Aberdare Athletic Ground in Aberdare, Wales in front of approximately 15,000 fans. The match was the 29th game of the 1907–08 All Golds tour.
Microcin
Microcins are very small bacteriocins, composed of relatively few amino acids.  For this reason, they are distinct from their larger protein cousins.  The classic example is microcin V, of Escherichia coli. Subtilosin A is another bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis. The peptide has a cyclized backbone and forms three cross-links between the sulphurs of Cys13, Cys7 and Cys4 and the alpha-positions of Phe22, Thr28 and Phe31.

Microcins produced by commensal E. coli strains target and eliminate enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica by mimicking the siderophores the pathogens use for iron scavenging. Microcins also help commensal strains of E. coli outcompete pathogenic strains.

BACTIBASE database is an open-access database for bacteriocins including microcins.

Salmonella enterica
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the genus Salmonella. It is divided into six subspecies, arizonae (IIIa), diarizonae (IIIb), houtenae (IV), salamae (II), indica (VI), and enterica (I). A number of its serovars are serious human pathogens; many of them are (more specifically) serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.
Aizoon secundum
Aizoon secundum, the onesided galenia, is a species of flowering plant native to southern Africa, including Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (Cape Provinces, Free State, and Northern Provinces). It is naturalized in Australia (Western Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales), Spain, and the United States (Florida and New Jersey). In Spain and Australia, is considered an invasive weed threatening native vegetation.

Aizoon secundum is shrub or perennial herb with grayish-white stems that trail along the ground for as much as 60 cm, forming mats. Leaves are grayish-white, folded inward, up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers are small, white to yellowish, up to 2 mm in diameter, often hidden by the leaves.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
Birse
Birse (Scottish Gaelic: Braois/Breis) is a parish in the Lower Deeside area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, which includes the communities of Finzean and Ballogie. However the name Birse is often used to refer only to the northwestern part of the parish which lies on the south side of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, opposite the village of Aboyne.  The south-west part of the parish is a sparsely populated upland area known as the Forest of Birse, which gives its name to one of the houses at Aboyne Academy.

Aboyne Academy
Aboyne Academy is a secondary school in Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The school is located on the Western side of the village and serves many other villages in the surrounding area, including: Braemar, Ballater, Kincardine O'Neil and Tarland. The catchment primary schools for Aboyne Academy are Aboyne, Ballater, Braemar, Crathie, Finzean, Kincardine O’Neil, Logie Coldstone, Lumphanan, Tarland and Torphins. As of May 2024, the school had 655 pupils, making it one of the smallest secondary schools in Aberdeenshire. Aboyne Academy offers multiple extracurricular activities, including sports and music.
Al-Hamma incident
The al-Hamma Incident (Hebrew: תקרית אל-חמה) refers to an event on 4 April 1951 that resulted in the death of seven IDF soldiers at the hands of Syrian military forces. The action occurred during an Israeli attempt to enforce its claimed sovereignty over the demilitarized zone along the Syrian border.

Kirad al-Baqqara
Kirad al-Baqqara (Arabic: كراد البقارة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northwest of Safad and Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara).
Jerry Tondelua
Jerry Tondelua Mbuilua (born 27 February 1975) is a Congolese former footballer who played as a striker. He played club football for Sodigraf, Cercle Brugge, Oostende and Al Wahda and international football for the DR Congo national football team, representing his country at the 1998 African Cup of Nations.

K.V. Oostende
Koninklijke Voetbalclub Oostende, also called KV Oostende (Dutch pronunciation: [kaːˌveː oːstˈɛndə]) or KVO, was a Belgian professional football club based in Ostend, West Flanders. The team was founded in 1904 as VG Oostende and had matricule number 31. The club was declared bankrupt in June 2024.