hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dulcinians
The Dulcinians were a religious sect of the Late Middle Ages, originating within the Apostolic Brethren. The Dulcinians, or Dulcinites, and Apostolic Brethren were inspired by Franciscan ideals and influenced by the Joachimites but were considered heretical by the Catholic Church.  Their name derives from the movement's leader, Fra Dolcino of Novara (c. 1250–1307), who was burned as a heretic on the orders of Pope Clement V.

Heresy in the Catholic Church
Heresy is defined by the Catholic Church as "the obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of baptism of some truth which is to be believed by divine and Catholic faith". The term heresy connotes both the belief in itself, and the attitude towards said belief.
Shapiro polynomials
In mathematics, the Shapiro polynomials are a sequence of polynomials which were first studied by Harold S. Shapiro in 1951 when considering the magnitude of specific trigonometric sums. In signal processing, the Shapiro polynomials have good autocorrelation properties and their values on the unit circle are small.  The first few members of the sequence are:

where the second sequence, indicated by Q, is said to be complementary to the first sequence, indicated by P.

Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, measures the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself. Essentially, it quantifies the similarity between observations of a random variable at different points in its domain (which for this article is time). The analysis of autocorrelation is a mathematical tool for identifying repeating patterns or hidden periodicities within a signal obscured by noise. Autocorrelation is widely used in signal processing, time domain and time series analysis to understand the behavior of data over time.

Different fields of study define autocorrelation differently, and not all of these definitions are equivalent. In some fields, the term is used interchangeably with autocovariance.

Various time series models incorporate autocorrelation, such as unit root processes, trend-stationary processes, autoregressive processes, and moving average processes.
Boyd McDonald (pornographer)
Boyd McDonald (1925 – September 1993) was an American writer, editor, and publisher of the long-running gay pornography and erotic literature zine S.T.H., or Straight to Hell.  He sometimes prefixed his name with the title of "Reverend," from a mail-order divinity degree he purchased.

Erotic literature
The term erotic literature refers to fictional or factual stories and accounts of eros (passionate, romantic, or sexual relationships) intended to sexually arouse readers. This may overlap yet also contrast with erotica, which focuses more specifically on sexual feelings. Other common elements are satire and social criticism. Much erotic literature features erotic art to illustrate the text.

Although cultural disapproval of erotic literature has always existed, its circulation was not seen as a major problem before the invention of printing, as the costs of producing individual manuscripts limited distribution to a very small group of wealthy and literate readers. The invention of printing, in the 15th century, brought with it both a greater market and increasing restrictions, including censorship and legal restraints on publication on the grounds of obscenity. Because of this, much of the production of this type of material became clandestine.
Kuşalanı
Kuşalanı is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Samandağ, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 6,139 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is on the state highway D.420 connecting Samandağ to Antakya (capital of the province). The distance to Samandağ is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and to Antakya is 22 kilometres (14 mi).

Samandağ
Samandağ, formerly known as Süveydiye (Arabic: السويدية, romanized: al-Sūwaydiyya), is a resort town and municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 384 km2, and its population is 123,447 (2022). It lies at the mouth of the Asi River on the Mediterranean coast, near Turkey's border with Syria, 25 km (16 mi) from the city of Antakya. In February 2023, the town was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes.
Thomas Throckmorton (died 1615)
Thomas Throckmorton (1533 – March 1618) was an English politician, a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Warwickshire in 1558 and Warwick in 1559. He spent much of his life undergoing fines and long periods of imprisonment for recusancy. He resided primarily at Weston Underwood, Buckinghamshire.

Weston Underwood, Buckinghamshire
Weston Underwood is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England.  It is located about a mile west of Olney.

The village name 'Weston' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'western estate', possibly referring to the situation of the village in relation to Olney.  The affix 'Underwood' refers to the village's location to a nearby forest, probably the Yardley Chase and Whittlewood Forest.
GA module
In molecular biology, the GA module, or protein G-related albumin-binding module, is a protein domain which occurs on the surface of numerous Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Protein G of group C and G Streptococci interacts with the constant region of IgG and with human serum albumin. The GA module is composed of a left-handed three-helix bundle and is found in a range of bacterial cell surface proteins. GA modules may promote bacterial growth and virulence in mammalian hosts by scavenging albumin-bound nutrients and camouflaging the bacteria. Variations in sequence give rise to differences in structure and function between GA modules in different proteins, which could alter pathogenesis and host specificity due to their varied affinities for different species of albumin. Proteins containing a GA module include PAB from Peptostreptococcus magnus.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Utraula
Utraula is a city and a municipal board in Balrampur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.  It is approximately 90 kilometres from the border with Nepal and 175 km in north east of Lucknow. Utraula is situated near the West Rapti River.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
Splat the rat
Splat the rat, also known as bat the rat, is a simple variant on a bat and ball game that can be played at parties or fêtes.

An open-ended metal or plastic tube or section of drainpipe is mounted on a board so that it is almost vertical. A rat-shaped object is introduced by its "tail" into the upper end of the tube; the player's objective is to strike it before it falls to the ground, usually using a stick or other kind of bat. The game is a traditional stall at fêtes.

Bat-and-ball games
Bat-and-ball games, or safe haven games, are field games played by two opposing teams. Typically, action starts when the fielding team (at the defense) delivers a ball toward a dedicated player of the batting team (at the attack), who tries to hit it with a bat and then run between various safe areas in the field to score runs (points). The defending team can use the ball in various ways against the attacking team's players to force them off the field ("get them out") when they are not in safe zones, and thus prevent them from further scoring. The best known modern bat-and-ball games are cricket and baseball, with common roots in the 18th-century games played in England.
Santa Olalla del Cala
Santa Olalla del Cala is a large village within the Autonomous region of Andalucia in southern Spain. The village is also a municipality located in the province of Huelva. the village is situated 1.1 miles (1.8 km) west of the A66-E803 motorway which runs from Sevilla to Salamanca. The village is 43.7 miles (70.3 km) north of the city of Sevilla and 40.9 miles (65.8 km) south of the town of Zafra. The village is 447.5 kilometres (278.1 mi) from the Spanish capital of Madrid and takes approximately 6 hours to travel from there by taxi. The nearest airport is Sevilla Airport which is 52.0 miles (83.7 km) to the south of the village. The nearest railway station is at Llerena which is 34.6 miles (55.7 km) north east of the village.

Autovía A-66
The Autovía A-66 is a major highway in western Spain, part of the European route E803.  The road is an upgrade of the N-630 which was undertaken section by section.  The route roughly corresponds to the ancient Roman 'Silver Route' connecting the cities of Mérida and Astorga.
Danilo Martelli
Danilo Martelli (27 May 1927 – 4 May 1949) was an Italian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Martelli began his career with Marzotto Manerbio and later Brescia. In 1946, he moved to Torino, where he won three Serie A titles. He died in 1949 in the Superga air disaster.

Castellucchio
Castellucchio (Mantovano: Castlüch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Mantua.

Castellucchio borders the following municipalities: Curtatone, Gazoldo degli Ippoliti, Marcaria, Rodigo.
John Steel (footballer, born 1895)
John Hay Steel (1895 – 1 April 1953) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Nelson and Brentford as a full back. He also played in his native Scotland for Queen's Park, Third Lanark and Arthurlie.

Arthurlie F.C.
Arthurlie Football Club is a Scottish football club from Barrhead, East Renfrewshire. Based at Dunterlie Park, they play in the West of Scotland League Premier Division. The club played in the Scottish Football League in two spells, 1901 to 1915 and 1923 to 1929. They have won the Scottish Junior Cup twice, in 1937 and 1998.
Reidar Floeng
John Reidar Floeng (15 May 1918 – 24 December 2014) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Åsnes, but moved to Mysen. He started his career in the Norwegian State Railways, but inherited his father-in-law's company Ous & Co in 1948. After thirty years as chief executive he finished his career as office manager in Lundeby & Co.

Floeng was elected as mayor of Mysen, serving from 1952 to 1955. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Østfold during the term 1961–1965.

Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.
Dan Kenefick
Daniel Kennefick (5 May 1888 – 29 May 1960) was an Irish hurler. He lined out at club level with St Mary's and was also a member of the Cork senior hurling team. His son, Mick Kennefick, also played with Cork and became the youngest All-Ireland-winning captain in 1943.

1943 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1943 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 2 May 1943 and ended on 5 September 1943.

The championship was won by Cork who secured the title following a 5–16 to 0–4 defeat of Antrim in the All-Ireland final. This was their 14th All-Ireland title.

Cork were also the defending champions and retained the title for the second successive year to become the fourth team to win the three in-a-row.
2019–20 Azerbaijan Cup
The 2019–20 Azerbaijan Cup is the 28th season of the annual cup competition in Azerbaijan, with Premier League side Gabala being the defending champions.

On 18 June 2020 the Azerbaijan Cup was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan.

COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan
The COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Azerbaijan when its first case was confirmed in February 2020.
Willand Rovers F.C.
Willand Rovers Football Club is a football club based in Willand, near Exeter, in Devon. They are currently members of the Southern League Division One South and play at Silver Street. The club is affiliated to the Devon County Football Association.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Murski Petrovci
Murski Petrovci (pronounced [ˈmuːɾski pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Murapetrócz) is a village in the Municipality of Tišina in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia, next to the border with Austria.

The writer, poet, translator, and journalist Imre Augustich was born in Murski Petrovci.

Municipality of Tišina
The Municipality of Tišina (pronounced [ˈtiːʃina]; Slovene: Občina Tišina) is a municipality in the traditional region of Prekmurje in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Tišina. Tišina became a municipality in 1994. It borders Austria.
Arts of China
The arts of China (simplified Chinese: 中国艺术; traditional Chinese: 中國藝術) have varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, but still containing a high degree of continuity.  Different forms of art have been influenced by great philosophers, teachers, religious figures and even political leaders. The arrival of Buddhism and modern Western influence produced especially large changes. Chinese art encompasses fine arts, folk arts and performance arts.

Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
Liaozhai zhiyi, sometimes shortened to Liaozhai, known in English as Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio,  Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio, or literally Strange Tales from a Studio of Leisure, is a collection of Classical Chinese stories by Qing dynasty writer Pu Songling, comprising close to 500 stories or "marvel tales" in the zhiguai and chuanqi styles, which according to some critics, served to implicitly criticise societal problems. Written over a period of forty years from the late 1600s and ending in the early 1700s, it circulated in manuscripts that were copied and recopied among the author's friends but did not appear in print until 1766. Since then, many of the critically lauded stories have been adapted for other media such as film and television.
Pristimantis sanguineus
Pristimantis sanguineus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
The Great Journey
The Great Journey (French: Le Grand Voyage) is a 2004 film written and directed by Ismaël Ferroukhi. The film portrays the relationship between father and son as both embark on  a religious pilgrimage trip by car. The film won the Golden Astor for Best Film at the 2005 Mar del Plata International Film Festival, also was shown at the prestigious 2004 Toronto and Venice International Film Festivals.

2004 in film
2004 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country-specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts. Shrek 2 was the year's top-grossing film, and Million Dollar Baby won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Craig W. Holden
Craig Woodworth Holden was the finance department chair and Gregg T. and Judith A. Summerville Chair of Finance at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. His research focused on market microstructure.

Journal of Financial Economics
The Journal of Financial Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier, covering the field of finance. It is considered to be one of the premier finance journals.  According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.988. The journal was founded by Michael C. Jensen, Eugene Fama, and Robert C. Merton in 1974.
The Hounds Below
The Hounds Below are an American rock band from Ferndale, Michigan consisting of Jason Stollsteimer (lead vocals, guitar), Will Shattuck (drums), Adam Michael Lee Padden (bass, backing vocals), and Mathew Hofman (guitar). The band was formed in 2009, while Stollsteimer was still recording and touring with The Von Bondies. The Hounds Below released a self-titled EP in 2011 and released their debut album, You Light Me Up In The Dark, in 2012.

The band has shared the stage with Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Ash, The Heavy, The Raveonettes, The Grates, The Horrors, The Black Angels, Company of Thieves, Airborne Toxic Event, The Cribs, The Like, Band of Skulls and The Whigs.

The Heavy (band)
The Heavy is an English rock band from Bath, Somerset, England, formed in 2007. They have released six albums as well as a wide array of singles. Their music has been widely used in the media, with their 2009 single "How You Like Me Now?" becoming their biggest hit.
Janine Sherman Barrois
Janine Sherman Barrois is an American television writer, producer, and showrunner. She is known for her work on ER, Third Watch and Criminal Minds. From 2017 to 2022, she executive produced crime comedy-drama Claws on TNT. She also produced Netflix miniseries Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam C.J. Walker, the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, The Kings of Napa, and Apple TV+ thriller The Big Cigar. She owned production banner, Folding Chair Prods., which she launched at Warner Bros. Television Group in 2015.

Claws (TV series)
Claws is an American comedy-drama television series created by Eliot Laurence that aired on TNT from June 11, 2017, to February 6, 2022. Set in Palmetto, Florida, the series is mostly filmed in New Orleans. The series was ordered for a first season containing 10 episodes on December 13, 2016, and was originally developed as a half-hour, single-camera comedy for HBO. Three more ten-episode seasons followed, in 2017, 2018 and 2021.
Gelfand ring
In mathematics, a Gelfand ring is a ring R with identity such that if I and J are distinct right ideals then there are elements i and j such that iRj = 0, i is not in I, and j is not in J.   Mulvey (1979) introduced them as rings for which one could prove a generalization of Gelfand duality, and named them after Israel Gelfand.

In the commutative case, Gelfand rings can also be characterized as the rings such that, for every a and b summing to 1, there exists r and s such that

.

Moreover, their prime spectrum deformation retracts onto the maximal spectrum.

Gelfand representation
In mathematics, the Gelfand representation in functional analysis (named after I. M. Gelfand) is either of two things:

a way of representing commutative Banach algebras as algebras of continuous functions;

the fact that for commutative C*-algebras, this representation is an isometric isomorphism.

In the former case, one may regard the Gelfand representation as a far-reaching generalization of the Fourier transform of an integrable function. In the latter case, the Gelfand–Naimark representation theorem is one avenue in the development of spectral theory for normal operators, and generalizes the notion of diagonalizing a normal matrix.
Krisztofer Mészáros
Krisztofer Mészáros (born 5 September 2001) is a Hungarian artistic gymnast. He is the 2025 European all-around bronze medalist. At the 2022 European Championships, he won the silver medal on floor exercise and was Hungary's first European silver medalist on that apparatus. He won a bronze medal with the Hungarian team at the 2020 European Championships. He represented Hungary at the 2024 Summer Olympics, where he finished 9th in the individual all-around final.

2025 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 11th European Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was an artistic gymnastics competition held from 26 to 31 May 2025 in Leipzig, Germany.  It was the 46th European championships in total for men, and 36th in total for women (including the separate men's and women's championships held in even numbered years).  For the first time a Mixed Team Final was contested.

Initially the event was to be held in Tel Aviv, Israel but was relocated to Leipzig due to the ongoing Gaza war.
Tennis at the 1982 Asian Games
Tennis competitions at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi were held from 22 November to 4 December 1982 at the R. K. Khanna Tennis Complex in New Delhi, India.

South Korea dominated the competition winning four gold medals.

1982 Asian Games
The 9th Asian Games (Hindi: नौवें एशियाई खेल), also known as Delhi 1982 (Hindi: दिल्ली 1982), were held from 19 November to 4 December 1982, in Delhi, India. 74 Asian and Asian Games records were broken at the event. This was also the first Asiad to be held under the aegis of the Olympic Council of Asia. Delhi joined Bangkok as the cities to host multiple editions of the Asian Games up to this point. Later, Jakarta and Doha would enter this group.

A total of 3,411 athletes from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in these games, competing in 196 events in 21 sports and 23 disciplines. The number of participating countries was the highest in Asian Games history. Handball, equestrian, rowing and golf were included for the first time; fencing and bowling were excluded.