hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unilineal evolution
Unilineal evolution, also referred to as classical social evolution, is a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures. It was composed of many competing theories by various anthropologists and sociologists, who believed that Western culture is the contemporary pinnacle of social evolution. Different social status is aligned in a single line that moves from most primitive to most civilized. This theory is now generally considered obsolete in academic circles.

Lester Frank Ward
Lester Frank Ward (June 18, 1841 – April 18, 1913) was an American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. The first president of the American Sociological Association, James Q. Dealey characterized Ward as a "great pioneer" in the development of American sociology, with contemporaries referring to him as "the Nestor of American sociologists". His 1883 work Dynamic Sociology was influential in establishing sociology as a distinct field in the United States. However, despite its initial impact his work was quickly sidelined during the later institutionalization and development of American sociology.
WXKC
WXKC (99.9 FM), branded as Classy 100, is a commercial radio station in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.

WXKC's studios are located at 471 Robison Rd West in Erie, while its transmitter is located near Knoyle Rd and Heibel Rd outside of Erie. WXKC broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  Its HD2 digital subchannel airs an adult R&B format branded as "104.3 The Touch".  The HD2 signal feeds FM translator W282BR at 104.3 MHz. and the HD3 subchannel airs a Christian radio format from the Family Life Network.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Lexical verb
In linguistics a lexical verb or main verb is a member of an open class of verbs that includes all verbs except auxiliary verbs. Lexical verbs typically express action, state, or other predicate meaning. In contrast, auxiliary verbs express grammatical meaning. The verb phrase of a sentence is generally headed by a lexical verb.

Lexical verbs are categorized into five categories: copular, intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, and ambitransitive.

The descriptor lexical is applied to the words of a language's lexicon, often to indicate a content word, as distinct from a function word.

Verb phrase
In linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause. Thus, in the sentence A fat man quickly put the money into the box, the words quickly put the money into the box constitute a verb phrase; it consists of the verb put and its arguments, but not the subject a fat man. A verb phrase is similar to what is considered a predicate in traditional grammars.

Verb phrases generally are divided among two types: finite, of which the head of the phrase is a finite verb; and nonfinite, where the head is a nonfinite verb, such as an infinitive, participle or gerund. Phrase structure grammars acknowledge both types, but dependency grammars treat the subject as just another verbal dependent, and they do not recognize the finite verbal phrase constituent. Understanding verb phrase analysis depends on knowing which theory applies in context.
1956 International Cross Country Championships
The 1956 International Cross Country Championships was held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, at the Royal Ulster Showground on 17 March 1956.  In addition, an unofficial women's championship was held the same day at Upminster, England on 17 March 1956. A report on the men's event as well as the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.

King's Hall, Belfast
The King's Hall  was a multi-purpose venue located in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The King's Hall consisted of 6 event venues. The King's Hall is owned by the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society (RUAS) (previously the North East Agricultural Association of Ireland), who moved to the venue in 1896 from their previous showgrounds in Belfast Corporation Markets area. The RUAS moved out in 2012 and the venue was being re-developed as of 2021.
Ajay Narayan Jha
Ajay Narayan Jha (born 15 January 1959; IAST: Ajaya Nārāyaṇa Jhā) is a 1982 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Manipur cadre. He was the  Finance Secretary of India for three months. He was appointed as the member of Fifteenth Finance Commission of India in place of Shaktikanta Das and served there till  26 November 2023. Thereafter, he was appointed as a member of Sixteenth Finance Commission on 1 January 2024 and served their till 15 April 2025.

Finance Secretary (India)
The Finance Secretary (ISO: Vitta Saciv) is the administrative head of the Ministry of Finance. This post is held by senior IAS officer of the rank of Secretary to Government of India.

Under Section 22, of Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, Finance Secretary signs the 1-rupee note.

As a Secretary to Government of India, the Finance Secretary ranks 23rd on Indian Order of Precedence.
James Mundia
James Israel Mundia was an Anglican Bishop in Kenya during the last third of the twentieth century.

Agola was educated at St. Paul's University, Limuru. He was ordained deacon in 1959 and priest in 1960. He was Youth adviser for the Diocese of Maseno from 1965 until 1970; and Bishop of Maseno North from 1970 to 1973.

Youth work
Youth work is a community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents. Depending upon the culture and the community, different services and institutions may exist for this purpose. In general, it provides an environment where young people can engage in informal educational activities. Throughout the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada, youth work is "to facilitate personal, educational, and social development." Through participative activities and coordinated programs, it seeks to enable young people in "gaining a voice, influence, and place in society in a period of their transition from dependence to independence." By nature and design these activities would be inclusive, educative, and empowering, and based on partnership, equality of opportunity, and respecting diversity.
Star for a Night (Philippine TV series)
Star for a Night is a Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by IBC. Hosted by Regine Velasquez, it aired from March 31, 2002, to March 1, 2003, replacing Musika Atbp. and was replaced by Amazing Twins. The grand finals took place in ULTRA in Pasig.

Mark Bautista
Mark Arazo Bautista is a Filipino singer. Bautista received his career break when he became a grand finalist on the Philippine reality TV talent search Star for a Night where he placed third behind Sarah Geronimo.
1995–96 Austrian Cup
The 1995–96 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 62nd season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. The final was held at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna on 5 June 1996.

The competition was won by Sturm Graz after beating Admira/Wacker 3–1.

SK Sturm Graz
Sportklub Sturm Graz is an Austrian professional association football club, based in Graz, playing in the Austrian Football Bundesliga. The club was founded in 1909. Its colours are black and white.

In its history, Sturm Graz has won the Austrian football championship five times, in 1998, 1999, 2011, 2024 and 2025, and participated several times in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. Their biggest rivals are Graz neighbours Grazer AK, with whom they share their stadium, the Merkur Arena.
Straughan
Straughan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jane Straughan (1913–2007), American aviator and Women Airforce Service Pilot from 1942 to 1944

Paulin Tay Straughan (born 1963), Singaporean academic and Nominated Member of Parliament

Peter Straughan (born 1968), English playwright and author

Ryan Straughan, Barbadian politician and economist

Paulin Tay Straughan
Paulin Tay Straughan (born 8 April 1963) is the dean of students at  Singapore Management University (SMU), where she is also a professor of sociology (practice).

She was an associate professor and vice-dean at the National University of Singapore from 1991 to 2017.
Gymnastics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's rhythmic individual ribbon
The women's rhythmic individual ribbon gymnastic event at the 2015 Pan American Games was held on July 18 and 20 at the Toronto Coliseum. The qualification round was held as part of the individual all around competition on July 18 and the final was held on July 20.

Coca-Cola Coliseum
Coca-Cola Coliseum (also or formerly known as CNE Coliseum, Royal Coliseum, Ricoh Coliseum, Toronto Coliseum, or Coliseum) is an arena at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, used for agricultural displays, ice hockey, and trade shows. It was built for the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair (the Royal) in 1921. Since 1997 it has been part of the Enercare Centre exhibition complex. It serves as the home arena of the Toronto Sceptres of the Professional Women's Hockey League and the American Hockey League's Toronto Marlies, the farm team of the Toronto Maple Leafs. It will also serve as the home arena of the Toronto Tempo of the Women's National Basketball Association when they debut in 2026.
The Voice Kids Indonesia season 2
The second season of the Indonesian reality talent show The Voice Kids Indonesia premiered in 2017 on GTV (formerly Global TV). The show was confirmed on 17 March 2017 in an e-mail to a fan of the show.

Indonesian Idol Junior
Indonesian Idol Junior, is a singing competition, same as the other Idol junior shows in other countries, such as Brazil, Germany, Puerto Rico and India. The show aired from 4 October 2014 until 14 December 2018.
Gianotti
Gianotti is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ambrogio Gianotti (1901-1969), Italian partigiano, first priest of the Church of St. Edward

Carol Gianotti, Australian ten-pin bowler

Fabiola Gianotti (born 1960), Italian experimental particle physicist

Ferdinando Gianotti (1920–1984), Italian pediatric dermatologist

Francesco Gianotti (1881–1967), Italian architect

Church of St. Edward, Busto Arsizio
The Church of Saint Edward (Italian: Chiesa di Sant'Edoardo) is a Roman Catholic church in Busto Arsizio, Italy. The church has served as parish church of the neighbourhood of Sant'Edoardo since 1947, and from 1951 to 1991, along with the Church of Santa Croce. Construction of the church began on 24 June 1938 and was consecrated by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster on 12 October 1939.

From the Church in 1945, the news that the North of Italy was now free from Fascist forces was sent by the Partigiani, including the priest of the church, Ambrogio Gianotti. A plaque was erected near the location where the news was announced.
A Woman's Temptation
A Woman's Temptation is a low budget 1959 British crime film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Patricia Driscoll and Robert Ayres. It was written by Brian Clemens and Eldon Howard and produced by The Danzigers.

The Danzigers
Edward J. Danziger (1909–1999) and Harry Lee Danziger (1913–2005) were American-born brothers who produced many British films and TV shows in the 1950s and 1960s.

According to one profile "throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, their second features and TV series seemed to be on screens everywhere, their pervasive presence forming a part of virtually every British filmgoer's and television viewer's experience during those years."
South Korea at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Yoo Ok-ryul won South Korea their first medal at the World Championships in artistic gymnastics in 1991.  In 2023 Yeo Seo-jeong became the first South Korean woman to win a World Championship medal, winning bronze on vault.

1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 26th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Indianapolis, United States, in the Hoosier Dome from September 6 to 15, 1991. This was the last championships at which the Soviet Union competed before its collapse.
Bearsden South (ward)
Bearsden South is one of the seven wards used to elect members of the East Dunbartonshire Council. It elects three Councillors. As its name suggests, its territory (which has not altered since its creation in 2007) consists of the southern part of the burgh of Bearsden, with part of the boundary to the north following the path of the Antonine Wall; it also borders the Drumchapel housing estate in Glasgow – the marked differences in average life expectancy and other factors between residents living in close proximity in the two areas has been remarked upon in various studies.

The southern boundary is formed largely from the Forth and Clyde Canal and the River Kelvin, with other parts of northern Glasgow on the opposite banks. In 2020, the ward had a population of 13,318.

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
Arakawa-itchūmae Station
Arakawa-itchūmae Station (荒川一中前停留場, Arakawa-itchūmae-teiryūjō) is a tram station operated by Toei's Tokyo Sakura Tram located in Arakawa, Tokyo Japan. It is 0.3 kilometres from the terminus of the Tokyo Sakura Tram at Minowabashi Station.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Fabiana Claudino
Fabiana Marcelino Claudino (born 24 January 1985) is a Brazilian volleyball player who made her debut for the Brazilian national team against Croatia. She captained Brazil to the gold medal at the 2012 Olympics.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
1916 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
In tennis, reigning champion Molla Bjurstedt won the singles tennis title of the 1916 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Louise Hammond Raymond 6–0, 6–1 in the challenge round. Hammond Raymond had won the right to challenge Bjurstedt by defeating Eleanora Sears 6–3, 6–4 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia in the United States, from June 5 through June 12, 1916.

Molla Mallory
Anna Margrethe "Molla" Bjurstedt Mallory (née Bjurstedt; 6 March 1884 – 22 November 1959) was a Norwegian-American tennis player, at one time ranked number 2 in the world. She won a record eight singles titles at the U.S. National Championships. She was the first woman to represent Norway at the Olympics.
Fred Tomley
Frederick William Tomley (11 July 1931 – 13 February 1981) was an English footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for Liverpool and Chester. He also played non-league football for Litherland and Witton Albion.

Witton Albion F.C.
Witton Albion F.C. are a football club based in Northwich, England. They were founded in 1887. They have won the Cheshire Senior Cup 11 times since 1902. Their most recent success in this competition was in 2006, when they defeated Stalybridge Celtic in the final. They have also reached the FA Cup Second Round on at least three occasions. The club will play in the Northern Premier League Division One North (eighth tier of the English football league system) in the 2015–16 season.

The club's ground was for many years in the centre of the town, just behind the library. In 1989, they moved a couple of miles to Chapel Street in nearby Wincham. Sainsbury's Supermarket now occupies the old Central Ground site.

Witton's current home, U Lock It Stadium (Wincham Park), holds in excess of 4,500 and is equipped with floodlights, segregation, a club shop and a museum.

There used to be a fierce local rivalry with Northwich Victoria.
Columba Blango (politician)
Columba Blango (born 23 April 1956) is a Sierra Leonean–British politician and former athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He later moved to the United Kingdom and served as a Liberal Democrat councillor and Mayor of Southwark. He became the Liberal Democrat parliamentary candidate for Camberwell and Peckham, standing at the 2010 United Kingdom general election. He was able to achieve a 1.9% increase in votes from the previous year, ultimately winning 22.4% of the vote, but was defeated by Harriet Harman of the Labour Party. And now, he works as a teacher at secondary schools His son of the same name won a bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon
These are the official results of the Men's Decathlon competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. There were a total number of 21 participating athletes, with the competition starting on 25 July 1980, and ending on 26 July 1980.
Ulysses Evans
Ulysses Evans (March 6, 1917 – December 1982), nicknamed "Cowboy", was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1940s.

A native of Hawkinsville, Georgia, Evans played for the Chicago American Giants in 1942. He died in Detroit, Michigan in 1982 at age 65.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Lucy Meredith Bryce
Lucy Meredith Bryce CBE (12 June 1897 – 30 July 1968) was an Australian haematologist and medical researcher, who worked with the Australian Red Cross Society to establish the first blood transfusion service in Australia.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Wild Rice River (North Dakota)
The Wild Rice River is a tributary of the Red River of the North, approximately 251 miles (404 km) long, in southeastern North Dakota in the United States. Via the Red River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay. The Wild Rice River drains an area of 2,233 square miles (5,780 km2) in the Red River Valley region. Its tributaries also drain a small part of northeastern South Dakota. Despite its length, it is a fairly small stream, flowing at an average rate of approximately 100 cubic feet per second (2.8 m3/s).

The river was so named for the former abundance of wild rice along its course.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Hardy, South Australia
Hardy  is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 231 kilometres (144 mi) north of the state capital of Adelaide and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the municipal seat in Peterborough.

Hardy’s boundaries were created on 31 August 2000 for the “local established name” which is derived from the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Hardy.  On 26 April 2013, a portion on its eastern side was added to the new locality of Warnes with the result that all of its boundaries now align with those of the Hundred of Hardy.

Land use within the locality is ’primary production’ and is concerned with “agricultural production and the grazing of stock on relatively large holdings.”

Hardy is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Stuart and the local government area of the District Council of Peterborough.

Electoral district of Stuart
Stuart is a large mostly rural electoral district in the northern and north-eastern part of the state of South Australia. Its main centres of population are  Port Pirie and Port Augusta. It is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. As of 2025 it is represented by independent MP Geoff Brock.
2022 Northern Diamonds season
The 2022 season was Northern Diamonds' third season, in which they competed in the 50 over Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy and the Twenty20 Charlotte Edwards Cup. In the Charlotte Edwards Cup, the side finished second in Group B, winning three of their six matches. The side finished top of the group in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, winning six of their seven matches (with the other cancelled) and progressing directly to the final. In the final, they faced Southern Vipers for the third time in three Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy finals. Northern Diamonds won by 2 runs to claim their first ever title. Northern Diamonds batter Lauren Winfield-Hill was named as Player of the Year in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, and was the tournament's leading run-scorer with 470 runs at an average of 78.30.

The side was captained by Hollie Armitage and coached by Danielle Hazell. They played three home matches at the Riverside Ground and three at Headingley Cricket Ground.

2022 Charlotte Edwards Cup
The 2022 Charlotte Edwards Cup was the second edition of the Charlotte Edwards Cup, an English women's cricket Twenty20 domestic competition, which took place between 14 May and 11 June 2022. It featured eight teams playing in two double round-robin groups, followed by a Finals Day. The tournament ran alongside the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. The tournament was named after former England captain Charlotte Edwards. The tournament was won by Southern Vipers, beating Central Sparks in the final.