hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disk staging
Disk staging is using disks as an additional, temporary stage of backup process before finally storing backup to tape.  Backups stay on disk typically for a day or a week, before being copied to tape in a background process and deleted afterwards.

The process of disk staging is controlled by the same software that performs actual backups, which is different from virtual tape library where intermediate disk usage is hidden from main backup software. Both techniques are known as D2D2T (disk-to-disk-to-tape).

Magnetic-tape data storage
Magnetic-tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Commercial magnetic tape products used for data storage were first released in the 1950s and have continued to be developed and released to the present day.

Tape was an important medium for primary data storage in early computers, typically using large open reels of 7-track, later 9-track tape. Modern magnetic tape is most commonly packaged in cartridges and cassettes, such as the widely supported Linear Tape-Open (LTO) and IBM 3592 series. The device that performs the writing or reading of data is called a tape drive. Autoloaders and tape libraries are often used to automate cartridge handling and exchange. Compatibility was important to enable transferring data.

Tape data storage is now used more for system backup, data archive and data exchange. The low cost of tape has kept it viable for long-term storage and archive.
Jan Erik Vold
Jan Erik Vold (born 18 October 1939) is a Norwegian lyric poet, reciter, translator and author. He was a member of the so-called "Profil generation", the circle attached to the literary magazine Profil. Throughout his career, he has contributed to modernist Norwegian poetry. Jan Erik Vold is currently living in Stockholm.

He was born in Oslo, the son of journalist Ragnar Vold.

Cornelis Vreeswijk
Cornelis Vreeswijk (8 August 1937 – 12 November 1987) was a Dutch singer-songwriter and poet who lived and worked primarily in Sweden.

Despite being born in the Netherlands and never acquiring a Swedish citizenship, Vreeswijk is regarded as one of the country's most influential and beloved troubadours, often being compared to other national poets, such as Evert Taube and Carl Michael Bellman for his poetic lyrics and social commentary.

Vreeswijk's compositions often focused on themes of love, poverty, and substance abuse. His unique style blended elements of folk, jazz, and blues, which modernized the Scandinavian ballad tradition.

In 2010, the Swedish drama film Cornelis, directed by Amir Chamdin, was made about his life.
Waterloo High School (New York)
Waterloo High School is a public high school located in Waterloo, New York, United States. As of 2021, it has an enrollment of 471 students from grades 9–12. Waterloo High School is ranked 816th within New York. Students have the opportunity to take Advanced Placement® coursework and exams. The AP® participation rate at Waterloo High School is 19%. The total minority enrollment is 12%, and 57% of students are economically disadvantaged. The current principal is James Karcz and the assistant principals are Tabitha Morris and Katherine Tucker.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
McHenry, Maryland
McHenry is an unincorporated community located in Garrett County, Maryland, United States, on the northernmost shore of Deep Creek Lake.

Located on the outskirts of McHenry are the Garrett County Airport, Wisp Ski Resort, and the Golf Club at Wisp.

McHenry is part of the media market of Pittsburgh.

McHenry's population as of 2012 was 1,328.

Deep Creek Lake
Deep Creek Lake is an artificial reservoir in the U.S. state of Maryland. It has an area of 3,900 acres (16 km2), a shoreline length of 69 miles (111 km), and a volume of 106,000 acre⋅ft (0.131 km3). The lake is home to a wide variety of aquatic life, such as freshwater fish and aquatic birds. Along with the nearby Wisp Ski Resort, the lake is a popular regional vacation and tourism destination.
Equatorial ascendant
In astrology, the equatorial ascendant, or the East point, is the sign and degree rising over the Eastern Horizon at the Earth's equator at any given time.  In the celestial sphere it corresponds to the intersection of the ecliptic with a great circle containing the ecliptic poles and the East point of the horizon.

Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing location.

The celestial sphere is a conceptual tool used in spherical astronomy to specify the position of an object in the sky without consideration of its linear distance from the observer. The celestial equator divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
Ivory Tower (2010 film)
Ivory Tower is a 2010 Canadian feature film and the directorial debut of Adam Traynor, a musician from the German-based hip-hop group Puppetmastaz. The film was co-written by Canadian pianist and rapper Gonzales and French director and screenwriter Céline Sciamma. It was released in the fall of 2010, and stars a variety of Canadian-born musicians, including Gonzales himself, Peaches, Feist and Tiga.  Additionally, Gonzales' father appears in the film.

Puppetmastaz
Puppetmastaz is a German hip hop group founded in Berlin with members from Germany, United States and Canada, like Max Turner, Chilly Gonzales, Paul PM (aka Mister Maloke), Mocky and Alex Tiller, who left the band in 2003. Formed in 1996, the group perform their shows with hand puppets and meet music styles of rap, funk and electronica.

The producers on at least 3 albums were N1tro, Patric Catani (aka Candie Hank, Ec8or) and Bomb 20. Bandleader Paul Affeld, along with Artist Max Turner, is the only member to have contributed to all 5 albums to date.  Former members are  also musician and songwriter Adam Traynor and Blake Worrell. Other recent Members: Pilo (Adrian Ilea), Zhi MC (Zhi Yang Trieu) and Luis Nassowitz.
Liudolf of Lotharingia
Liudolf of Lotharingia, also Ludolf (c. 1000 – 10 April 1031), was Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg.

He was born in Saxony about 1000, the eldest son of Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia and Matilde of Germany, daughter of the Emperor Otto II and Theophanu. Besides being Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg, Liudolf was military commander of the army of the Archbishop of Cologne, and protector (Vogt) of the abbeys of Brauweiler, Münster and Borghorst.

He died on 10 April 1031, and was buried with his parents in Brauweiler Abbey.

Liudolf married Matilda of Zutphen, by whom he had issue:

Heinrich, d. 1031;

Conrad I (also called Kuno or Cuno), Count of Zutphen and Duke of Bavaria (died in 1055, buried in Cologne);

Adelheid (born in Zutphen, Gelderland, about 1030), heiress of her brothers to Zutphen, Waldenburg, etc. She married Godeschalk, Count of Zutphen in right of his wife (b. ca. 1030, died 1063/4), mother of Otto II, Count of Zutphen.

Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne governs the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne in western North Rhine-Westphalia. Historically, the archbishop was ex officio one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled the Electorate of Cologne.

Since the early days of the Catholic Church, there have been 94 bishops and archbishops of Cologne. roue of them resigned n response to impeachment. Eight were coadjutor bishops before they took office. Seven were appointed as coadjutors freely by the pope. One moved to the Curia, where he became a cardinal. Additionally, six were chairmen of the German Bishops' Conference.

Cardinal Rainer Woelki has been Archbishop of Cologne since his 2014 transfer from Berlin, where he was also cardinal-archbishop.
2016 Nordic Naturals Challenger – Doubles
Chris Guccione and Artem Sitak were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Nicolaas Scholtz and Tucker Vorster won the title after defeating Mackenzie McDonald and Ben McLachlan 6–7(5–7), 6–3, [10–8] in the final.

Mackenzie McDonald
Michael Mackenzie Lowe McDonald (born April 16, 1995) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 37, achieved on October 16, 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 49, achieved on October 2, 2023.

McDonald won the 2016 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships in both singles and doubles.
Christian Horrebow
Christian Pedersen Horrebow (15 April 1718 – 15 September 1776) was a Danish astronomer of the 18th century.  He was a son of Peder Horrebow, whom he succeeded as director of the observatory associated with the University of Copenhagen.
He was himself succeeded by Thomas Bugge.

Neith, a supposed moon of Venus, was spotted by Christian Horrebow, while he was studying this planet from 1766 to 1768.  He also discovered the periodicity of sunspots.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
National Association of Drug Court Professionals
The National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) is the former name of All Rise, an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization devoted to furthering the treatment court model and criminal justice reform worldwide. In 2023, NADCP announced it was rebranding to All Rise.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Shipstead-Luce Act
The Shipstead-Luce Act (Pub. L. 71–231, 46 Stat. 366, enacted May 16, 1930, codified at 40 U.S.C. § 9101), is an American statute which extended the authority of the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) as a statutory independent agency within the United States federal government and allowed it to regulate the height, exterior design, and construction of private and semi-public buildings in parts of the District of Columbia.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Minooka station
Minooka station was a Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad station in Minooka, Illinois. It was the highest point on the Rock Island Line and was originally called Summit. The town was later renamed by settler Dolly Smith, to Minooka, a word in the Pottowatomi language possibly meaning "high point", "place of contentment", "good Earth" or "place of the maples." Additional translations of the word may be "good land” or “high place.” CSX Transportation runs freight trains on the New Rock Subdivision with Iowa Interstate trackage rights.

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Luka Jantjie
Kgosi (Chief) Luka Jantjie was a hunter, trader, diamond prospector, and farmer. He was a chief of the Batlhaping ba Manyeding group of the Batswana in Kuruman. He was born in general area of what is now Kimberley, South Africa in about  1835 and was the son of a Christian convert. Jantjie spent most of his life protecting the rights to land of his people and is considered a struggle hero for his battle against British colonialism. He was the cousin of Kgosi Galeshewe.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Microdot (rapper)
Shin Jae-ho (Korean: 신재호; born November 21, 1993), better known by his stage name Microdot (마이크로닷), is a South Korean–New Zealand rapper and singer. He debuted as a member of duo All Black, with Dok2, in 2006. He has also appeared on Show Me the Money, Unpretty Rapstar, and Tribe of Hip Hop.

Unpretty Rapstar
Unpretty Rapstar (Korean: 언프리티 랩스타) is a South Korean rap competition TV show that airs on Mnet. It is known as the female counterpart of Show Me The Money. The contestants compete with each other to get a chance to participate in the new song that the producers made.
Bobo (Italian comics)
Bobo is the title character of an eponym Italian comic strip created in 1979 by Sergio Staino. It was referred as a symbol of a whole generation.

The first comic strip of Bobo was created October 10, 1979 and was published in Linus in December of the same year. The comics later appeared in a large number of magazines and newspapers, including L'Unità, Il Corriere della Sera, Il Venerdì di Repubblica, Il Messaggero, L'espresso, Panorama, Cuore, TV Sorrisi e Canzoni.

The comic strip is pretty autobiographical, and the title character, a middle-aged former Communist average man struggling with family, politics and hobbies, is a self-portrait of the same author.

The same Staino starred in a live-action transposition of the comics, hosted in a segment of the television variety Drive In, in the 1984/1985 season.

L'Unità
l'Unità (Italian: [luniˈta]; English: "the Unity") is an Italian newspaper, founded as the official newspaper of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1924. It was supportive of that party's successor parties, the Democratic Party of the Left, Democrats of the Left, and, from October 2007 until 2017, the Democratic Party.

The newspaper closed on 31 July 2014. It was restarted on 30 June 2015, but it ceased again on 3 June 2017. On 16 May 2023, it was relaunched for a third time as an independent publication under the editorship of Piero Sansonetti.
Crossgates, Powys
Crossgates (Welsh: Y Groes) is a village in Powys, mid Wales, in the historic county of Radnorshire. It is the main settlement of the community of Llanbadarn Fawr, which had a population of 701 in 2011. Crossgates is located three miles northeast of Llandrindod Wells and eight miles southeast of Rhayader, at the point where the A483 and A44 roads intersect. It is notable as the site of a busy service station, and for lending its name to Crossgates Coaches. The population in 2011 was 327 with 47% born in Wales and 48% in England.

Rest area
A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway, expressway, or highway, at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads.  Other names include motorway service area (UK), services (UK),  travel plaza, rest stop, service area, rest and service area (RSA), resto,  service plaza, lay-by, and service centre. Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations, public toilets, water fountains, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for caravans and motorhomes.

A rest area with limited to no public facilities is a lay-by,  scenic area, or scenic overlook.  Along some highways and roads are services known as wayside parks, roadside parks, or picnic areas.
Tracheliastes polycolpus
Tracheliastes polycolpus is a species of copepod in the family Lernaeopodidae. It is an ectoparasite of a number of freshwater fish in Western Europe, including the beaked dace Leuciscus burdigalensis, the common dace Leuciscus leuciscus, and occasionally a few other fish species. The subspecies Tracheliastes polycolpus baicalensis has been described from Lake Baikal. The parasite attaches itself to the fins of the host, and lives on the mucus and epithelial cells of the host.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
El Loco (Adventuredome)
El Loco is a steel roller coaster in the Adventuredome amusement park at the Circus Circus Las Vegas resort. The coaster shares its name with the El Loco roller coaster model which is built by S&S – Sansei Technologies.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Chain gang
A chain gang or road gang is a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment.  Such punishment might include repairing buildings, building roads, or clearing land. The system was notably used in the convict era of Australia and in the Southern United States. By 1955, it had largely been phased out in the U.S., with Georgia among the last states to abandon the practice. Clallam County, Washington, U.S. still refers to its inmate litter crew as the "Chain Gang." North Carolina continued to use chain gangs into the 1970s. Chain gangs were reintroduced by a few states during the 1990s: In 1995, Alabama was the first state to revive them. The experiment ended after about one year in all states except Arizona, where in Maricopa County inmates can still volunteer for a chain gang to earn credit toward a high school diploma or avoid disciplinary lockdowns for rule infractions.

Handcuffs
Handcuffs are restraint devices designed to secure an individual's wrists in proximity to each other. They comprise two parts, linked together by a chain, a hinge, or rigid bar. Each cuff has a rotating arm which engages with a ratchet that prevents it from being opened once closed around a person's wrist. Without a key, handcuffs cannot be removed without specialist knowledge, and a handcuffed person cannot move their wrists more than a few centimetres or inches apart, making many tasks difficult or impossible.

Handcuffs are frequently used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to prevent suspected criminals from escaping from police custody.
Stuart Jamieson
Stuart Jamieson (born October 22, 1951, in Saint John, New Brunswick) was a politician in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. A self-employed carpenter, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1987 and re-elected in 1991, 1995 and re-elected again in 2003 and 2006 after having been defeated in 1999.

He represented the electoral district of Saint John-Fundy and was a member of the cabinet from 1998 to 1999 and from 2006 to 2010. He was removed from cabinet on February 5, 2010, for suggesting that the NB Power deal be put to a referendum.

1987 New Brunswick general election
The 1987 New Brunswick general election was held on October 13, 1987, to select the 58 members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick of the 51st Legislature of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The Liberal Party won power for the first time since 1967.  They did so in a landslide, winning all 58 seats in the legislature. This feat was only accomplished one other time in Canadian history, in the 1935 Prince Edward Island election.
Dormanstown
Dormanstown is an area of Redcar in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.

It was named after and built by the Dorman Long iron and steelworks in the 20th century. It was originally built to house Dorman's hundreds of steel workers and their families. The company built the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the steelworks was for some time considered the best in the world.

Dormanstown is also the site of Arriva North East's main bus depot for the Redcar area.

Dormanstown eventually grew, becoming a suburb of Redcar. Most of the now privately owned houses were built during the 1960s. Modern G2 apartments were built in the years 2007/2008, aimed at the younger generation to help them into the local housing market.

Arriva North East
Arriva North East operates both local and regional bus services in County Durham, Northumberland, North Yorkshire and Tyne and Wear, England. It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus, which operates bus and coach services across the United Kingdom.