hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liouville surface
In the mathematical field of differential geometry a Liouville surface (named after Joseph Liouville) is a type of surface which in local coordinates may be written as a graph in R3

such that the first fundamental form is of the form

Sometimes a metric of this form is called a Liouville metric.  Every surface of revolution is a Liouville surface.

Darboux gives a general treatment of such surfaces considering a two-dimensional
space  with metric

where  and  are functions of  and
 and  are functions of .  A
geodesic line on such a surface is given by

and the distance along the geodesic is given by

Here  is a constant related to the direction of the geodesic
by

where  is the angle of the geodesic measured from a line of constant .
In this way, the solution of geodesics on Liouville surfaces is reduced to quadrature.
This was first demonstrated by Jacobi for the case of
geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid,
a special case of a Liouville surface.

Linear differential equation
In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is linear in the unknown function and its derivatives, so it can be written in the form 

where a0(x), ..., an(x) and b(x) are arbitrary differentiable functions that do not need to be linear, and y′, ..., y(n)  are the successive derivatives of an unknown function y of the variable x.

Such an equation is an ordinary differential equation (ODE). A linear differential equation may also be a linear partial differential equation (PDE), if the unknown function depends on several variables, and the derivatives that appear in the equation are partial derivatives.
Wodzicki
Wodzicki (feminine: Wodzicka) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoni Jontek Wodzicki (1934–1999), New Zealand geologist - Mount Wodzicki is named after him

Kazimierz Wodzicki (1816–1889), Galician ornithologist and nobleman

Kazimierz Antoni von Granöw Wodzicki (1900–1987), Polish-born New Zealand ornithologist

Maria Wodzicka (1901–1968), New Zealand community activist

Mariusz Wodzicki (born 1956), mathematician

Kazimierz Wodzicki (ornithologist, born 1816)
Kazimierz Stanisław Michał Wodzicki (26 September 1816 – 20 October 1889) was a Polish nobleman from Galicia who served as a member of the Imperial Council from 1861 to 1863. He was also an ornithologist and authored several books on birds.
Dar Sila
Dar Sila is the name of the wandering sultanate of the Dar Sila Daju, a multi-tribal ethnic group in Chad and Sudan. The number of the people in this group exceeds 50,000. They speak the Sila language, a Nilo-Saharan language. Most members of this ethnic group are Muslims.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
2009 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Venezuela on 15 February 2009 for voters to approve or reject Amendment No. 1 of the constitution, which abolished term limits for the offices of president, state governors, mayors and National Assembly deputies.

The constitution, enacted in 1999 by referendum, previously established a three-term limit for deputies and a two-term limit for the other offices. The proposed amendment was endorsed by 54% of the electorate, with approximately 70% of registered voters participating. Upon having his term limits removed, Chávez promised his supporters that he would lead Venezuela until 2030, though he would later die as president in 2013.

National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
The National Electoral Council (Spanish: Consejo Nacional Electoral, CNE) is the head of one of the five branches of government of Venezuela under its 1999 constitution. It is the institution that has the responsibility of overseeing and guaranteeing the transparency of all elections and referendums in Venezuela at the local, regional, and national levels. The creation of the CNE was ratified in Venezuela's 1999 constitutional referendum. Following the election of Nicolás Maduro into the presidency, the CNE has been described, by the president's opponents, as being pro-Maduro.
Westgate, Calgary
Westgate is a residential area and a neighborhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bordered by Bow Trail to the north, 45 Street W to the east, 17 Avenue S to the south, and Sarcee Trail to the west. Edworthy Park is situated just north of the community.

The area was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956 and Westgate was established in 1957. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor. Currently, Councillor Richard Pootmans represents the area as of 2024

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Luka Nurmi
Luka Nurmi (born 26 April 2004) is a Finnish racing driver. He has won the title of Ferrari Challenge World Championship as well as the Porsche Sprint Challenge NEZ Series. He won the both championship series as the youngest competitor.
In addition, in early seasons of his career he won many medals in Karting Finnish Championship series and in other international series. He has also won the Championship in Finland's most popular circuit racing series, Legends - also as the youngest driver in its history.

Since karting he has determinately developed his career towards top speed in international GT-series.

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.
1974–75 Duleep Trophy
The 1974–75 Duleep Trophy was the 14th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

South Zone won the title, defeating West Zone in the final.

North Zone cricket team
The North Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents northern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from northern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Services. North Zone has the strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 17 times, with the next best team, West Zone having won 16 times. They hold the record for the most consecutive titles, five, from 1990/91 through to 1994/95.
Aeon of Horus
In the esoteric philosophy of Thelema, the Aeon of Horus, which began in 1904, is the name of the current astrological age, one of twelve in the Great Year. This Aeon is marked by a significant shift in spiritual and societal paradigms, emphasizing self-realization, individualism, and the pursuit of one's True Will. The child god Horus symbolizes this era, representing a break from past dogmas and the dawn of a new age of enlightenment and spiritual awakening.

The Aeon card in the Thoth Tarot deck, designed by Crowley and painted by Lady Frieda Harris, represents the Aeon of Horus. The card, traditionally known as "Judgement" in other decks, symbolizes the transformative and revelatory nature of this new aeon. It depicts Horus and Hoor-paar-kraat, reflecting the themes of rebirth, transformation, and the dawning of a new era of consciousness and spiritual awakening in Thelemic philosophy.

Astrological age
An astrological age is a time period which, according to astrology, parallels major changes in the development of human society, culture, history, and politics. There are twelve astrological ages corresponding to the twelve zodiacal signs in western astrology. One cycle of the twelve astrological ages is called a Great Year, comprising 25,772 solar years, at the end of which another cycle begins.

Some astrologers believe that during a given age, some events are directly caused or indirectly influenced by the astrological sign associated with that age, while other astrologers believe that astrological ages do not influence events in any way.

Astrologers do not agree upon exact dates for the beginning or ending of the ages, with given dates varying by hundreds of years.
Operation Sky Net
Operation Sky Net, commonly known as Skynet (Simplified Chinese: 天网), is a clandestine operation of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security to apprehend Overseas Chinese it sees as fugitives guilty of financial crimes in mainland China. The initiative was launched in 2015 to investigate offshore companies and underground banks that transfer money abroad. It has reportedly been consolidated with Operation Fox Hunt (which was launched in 2014, a year before Operation Sky Net) and returned around 10,000 fugitives to China in the last decade, including political dissidents and activists.

In 2016 alone, Operation Sky Net repatriated 1,032 fugitives from over 70 countries and recovered CN¥ 2.4 billion. According to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China has captured over 1,200 fugitives, including 140 Party members and government officials, and recovered CN¥ 2.91 billion (US$400 million) of embezzled funds in 2023.

Offshore company
The term "offshore company" or "offshore corporation" is used in at least two distinct and different ways.  An offshore company may be a reference to:

a company, group or sometimes a division thereof, which engages in offshoring business processes.

International business companies (IBC) or other types of legal entities, which are incorporated under the laws of a jurisdiction, that prohibit local economic activities.

The former use (companies formed in offshore jurisdictions) is probably the more common usage of the term. In isolated instances, the term can also be used in reference to companies with offshore oil and gas operations.
Zellik
Zellik is an urbanised town with over 8,000 inhabitants in the municipality of Asse, in the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium. As a suburb on the northwest edge of Brussels, it is separated from the rest of the agglomeration by the R0 ring road around the city. It is close to the municipalities of Jette, Ganshoren and Sint-Agatha-Berchem, which lie to the east.

The official language is Dutch (as everywhere in Flanders). Zellik is home to a minority of French-speakers.

Ganshoren
Ganshoren (French: [ɡansɔʁœn, -ʁɛn] ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈɣɑnsˌɦoːrə(n)] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-western part of the region, it is bordered by Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, Jette, and Koekelberg, as well as the Flemish municipality of Asse. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

As of 1 January 2024, the municipality had a population of 25,564 inhabitants. The total area is 2.44 km2 (0.94 sq mi), which gives a population density of 10,487/km2 (27,160/sq mi).
Kleis
Kleis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Birgit Kleis (born 1956), Danish politician

Dave Kleis (born 1964), American politician

Martin Kleis (1850–1908), Danish trader on Nui

Mikkel Kleis, winner of the 2010 Copenhagen Marathon

Copenhagen Marathon
The Copenhagen Marathon is an annual marathon that takes place on the streets of Copenhagen, Denmark. Established on the 24th of May 1980, it is annually held in May and has around 10,000 participants.  It is a World Athletics Bronze Label race.

The mostly flat loop course begins and ends at the harbourfront of Islands Brygge and passes through the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg. There is a time limit of six hours.

The 2020 and 2021 editions of the race were cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all paying registrants having the option to transfer their entry to the next edition of the race, or to obtain a full refund.

The 2026 race is scheduled for May 10.
Walter Sonntag
Walter Sonntag (13 May 1907 – 17 September 1948) was a Nazi medical doctor who performed experiments on concentration camp victims. He extracted their healthy teeth without the use of anaesthetic and his preferred method of killing was by injecting petrol and phenol directly into their veins. He experimented with the prostitutes interned in Ravensbrück concentration camp, using them as his “lab rats” in search for a cure for gonorrhoea and syphilis. He was convicted of war crimes at the Hamburg Ravensbruck trials and executed on 17 September 1948 in Hamelin.

Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
Native American women in politics
Native American women have played significant roles in politics, both within their tribal nations and in broader American political life. Their involvement spans from traditional governance systems to participation in local, state, and national levels of government in the United States. These contributions have been shaped by historical, cultural, and legal factors, particularly the intersection of Native sovereignty and U.S. political structures.

Montana Office of Public Instruction
The Montana Office of Public Instruction (OPI) is the state education agency of Montana. Susie Hedalen currently serves as the Montana Superintendent of Public Instruction. The agency is headquartered in Helena.

The people of Montana have elected a Superintendent of Public Instruction as one of the five members of the executive branch since 1889. By law, the superintendent has general supervision of the K-12 public schools and school districts. The superintendent also serves as a member of the Land Board, the State Library Commission, and as an ex officio non-voting member of the Board of Public Education, the Board of Regents, and the Board of Education.
Rory Kohlert
Rory Kohlert (born January 7, 1988) is a Canadian former professional football wide receiver who played for six seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on March 2, 2011, and was released on July 25, 2011. After returning to the Huskies in 2011, Kohlert signed with the Blue Bombers on March 23, 2012. On December 16, 2013, Kohlert was drafted by the Ottawa Redblacks in the 2013 CFL Expansion Draft, but re-signed with Winnipeg on February 11, 2014 after he became a free agent. After two seasons with the Blue Bombers, Kohlert signed a contract with the Calgary Stampeders for the 2017 season.  He played CIS football with the Saskatchewan Huskies.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Márgaro Gámiz
Márgaro Gámiz (1905 - death unknown), nicknamed "Harry" and "Mazio", was a Cuban professional baseball catcher in the Negro leagues in the 1920s.

A native of Havana, Cuba, Gámiz made his Negro leagues debut in 1926 with the Harrisburg Giants. He played for Harrisburg again the following season, then went on to play for the Philadelphia Tigers, Cuban Stars (East), and Baltimore Black Sox.

Cuban Stars (East)
The Cuban Stars were a professional baseball team that competed in the Negro leagues in the eastern United States from 1916 to 1933. The team was largely composed of professional baseball players from Cuba and other Latin American countries. They generally were a traveling team that played only road games. From 1916 to 1929, the Cuban Stars were owned by Alex Pompez.

Historians generally refer to the team as the Cuban Stars (East) or the New York Cuban Stars, to differentiate them from another Negro league team also named the Cuban Stars (the Cuban Stars (West)) that existed in the Midwest around the same time.
Malásia
Malásia is the twelfth album by Brazilian singer and songwriter Djavan. It was released in 1996.

The album opens with the song "O Que foi My Love?", a jazz accelerated ending in the form of blues; "Sêca", which talks about the drought in northeastern jungle; "Nem Um Dia" biggest hit of the album on the radio FM to come to the soundtrack of the telenovela "Por Amor" in 1997, "Não Deu", where as a songwriter Djavan embodies the feminine soul to compose the song, "Deixa O Sol Sair", which is based on samba, "Tenha Calma" which had already been made for over a decade, and performed by Maria Bethânia, and "Não Deu", another with a self-lyrical female. The last three songs are cover versions or versions of other songs: "Coração Leviano" is a remake of a successful samba composer Paulinho da Viola, "Sorri (Smile)" is a remake of the song "Smile" by Charlie Chaplin, and "Correnteza" is a remake of a song by Tom Jobim, Luiz Bonfá partnered with.

Maria Bethânia
Maria Bethânia Viana Teles Veloso (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈɾiɐ beˈtɐ̃niɐ]; born 18 June 1946) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter. Born in Santo Amaro, Bahia, she started her career in Rio de Janeiro in 1964 with the show "Opinião" ("Opinion"), she is "The Queen of Brazilian Music". Due to its popularity, with performances all over the country, and the popularity of her 1965 single "Carcará", the artist became a star in Brazil. She is the most awarded artist in the history of the Brazilian Music Awards.

Bethânia is the sister of the singer-songwriter Caetano Veloso and of the writer-songwriter Mabel Velloso, as well as being aunt of the singers Belô Velloso and Jota Velloso. The singer has released 50 studio albums in 47 years of career, and is among the 10 best-selling music artists in Brazil, having sold more than 26 million records. Bethânia was ranked in 2012, by Rolling Stone Brasil magazine, as the fifth-biggest voice in Brazilian music.
Hugh Gilgan
Hugh Gilgan (c. 1852 – June 17, 1887) was an Irish Major League Baseball player who played in two games for the Brooklyn Atlantics in 1875.

He collected two hits in eight at bats as a catcher and right fielder.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Future Academies
Future Academies is a multi-academy trust running 10 primary and secondary schools, a teacher training college and the Centre for Latin Excellence. The schools are located in London and Hertfordshire in England. The trust's motto is Libertas Per Cultum (freedom through education).

It was set up by the charity Future, established by former stockbroker Caroline Nash and her husband, Lord Nash, in 2006. Lord Nash is a venture capitalist and UK Conservative Party donor, and was a schools minister between 2013 and 2017.

Multi-academy trust
Multi-Academy Trust (MAT) or academy chain is an academy trust that operates more than one academy school. Academy schools are state-funded schools in England which are directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. The group of schools in a multi-academy trust work together under a shared academy funding agreement.

BESA, the British Educational Suppliers Association  states that in November 2019 there are 1,170 Multi Academy Trusts in England that manage at least two schools: 598 have five or fewer schools, 259 have 6-11 schools, 85 have between 12-25 schools and 29 have 26 or more schools.
Protocheirodon
Protocheirodon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The only species in the genus is Protocheirodon pi, a characin found in Amazonas-Solimões, Purus, Madeira and Ucayali rivers.

Solimões River
Solimões (Portuguese pronunciation: [soliˈmõjs]) is the name often given to upper stretches of the Amazon River in Brazil from its confluence with the Rio Negro upstream to the border of Peru. The Solimões flows for about 1,600 km (1,000 miles) through a floodplain about 80 km (50 miles) wide.
2015 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
The 2015 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational was a professional golf tournament held August 6–9 on the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 17th WGC-Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of the World Golf Championships events in 2015. Shane Lowry shot a final-round 66 to win his first WGC event, two strokes ahead of runner-up Bubba Watson.

Branden Grace
Branden John Grace (born 20 May 1988) is a South African professional golfer. He currently plays for LIV Golf. Grace formerly played on the European Tour, the PGA Tour, and the Sunshine Tour. In 2012, he became the first player in the history of the European Tour to win his first four European Tour titles in the same year. In 2017, Grace recorded the lowest score ever in a major championship when he shot a 62 in the Open Championship.