hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knud Gether
Knud Gether (born 8 December 1946) is a Danish politician. He is a member of the Venstre political party. He was formerly a member of a local party, called Borgerlisten Langeland, and has been a member of Langeland Municipality's municipal council since the municipality's creation in 2007. Before that he sat in the municipal council of Sydlangeland Municipality from 1977, and was also the municipality's mayor from 1994, and until it was merged with Tranekær Municipality and Rudkøbing Municipality in 2007.

Sydlangeland Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Sydlangeland Municipality was a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the former Funen County, on the southern parts of the island of Langeland. It also included the inhabited islands of Lindø and Langø, as well as a number of smaller uninhabited islands. The municipality covered an area of 120.82 km2, and had a total population of 4,034 (2006). Its last mayor was Knud Gether, a member of a local political party.

Sydlangeland Municipality bordered Rudkøbing Municipality to the north. Across a small strait to the west was Marstal Municipality, later Ærø Municipality.

The municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen 2007 (the Municipality Reform of 2007). It was merged with the Tranekær and Rudkøbing municipalities to form the new Langeland municipality. The new municipality belongs to the Region of Southern Denmark.
Julius Tannen
Julius Tannen (May 16, 1880 – January 3, 1965) was an American monologist in vaudeville. He was known to stage audiences for his witty improvisations and creative word games. He had a successful career as a character actor in films, appearing in over 50 films in his 25-year film career. He is probably best known to film audiences from the musical Singin' in the Rain, in which he appears as the man demonstrating a talking picture early in the film.

Monologist
A monologist (/məˈnɒlədʒɪst, -ɡɪst/), or interchangeably monologuist (/məˈnɒləɡɪst/), is a solo artist who recites or gives dramatic readings from a monologue, soliloquy, poetry, or work of literature, for the entertainment of an audience.  The term can also refer to a person who monopolizes a conversation; and, in an obsolete sense, could describe a bird with an unchanging, repetitive song.
Yorkshire Day
Yorkshire Day is a yearly celebration on 1 August to promote the historic county of Yorkshire, in England. It was celebrated by the Yorkshire Ridings Society in 1975, initially in Beverley, as "a protest movement against the local government re-organisation of 1974".

On 1 August the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 was passed, during the British Empire in 1834. William Wilberforce, a Yorkshire MP, had campaigned for the emancipation.

The day was already celebrated by the Light Infantry, successors to the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, as Minden Day, after the battle of Minden. Together with five other infantry regiments of the British Army, a rose is permitted to be worn in the headdress. In the case of the Light Infantry, the rose is white.

The Light Infantry
The Light Infantry was an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Light Division.  The regiment was one of four 'large' regiments formed after the 1966 Defence White Paper through the amalgamation of units of the Light Infantry Brigade.  Originally consisting of four battalions, it was later reduced to three battalions, and finally amalgamated into The Rifles with just two battalions which became the 5th and 3rd Battalions respectively.
Kate Zambreno
Kate Zambreno (born December 30, 1977) is an American novelist, essayist, critic, and professor. They teach writing in the graduate nonfiction program at Columbia University and at Sarah Lawrence College. Zambreno was a 2021 Guggenheim Fellow in Nonfiction.

Hervé Guibert
Hervé Guibert (14 December 1955 – 27 December 1991) was a French writer and photographer. The author of numerous novels and autobiographical studies, he played a considerable role in changing French public attitudes to HIV/AIDS. He was a close friend and lover of Michel Foucault.
HMS Quorn (M41)
HMS Quorn, the third ship of this name, was a Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel of the Royal Navy. She was launched on 23 January 1988, as the last ship of her class. She was decommissioned in 2017. After decommissioning from Royal Navy, she was sold to Lithuania who renamed her M55 Sūduvis.

Melton Mowbray
Melton Mowbray (/ˈmɛltən ˈmoʊbri/) is a market town in the Melton district in Leicestershire, England, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Leicester and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Nottingham. It lies on the River Eye, known below Melton as the Wreake. The town had a population of 27,670 in 2019. The town is sometimes promoted as Britain's "Rural Capital of Food"; it is the home of the Melton Mowbray pork pie and is the location of one of six licensed makers of Stilton cheese.
Route 443 (Israel–Palestine)
Route 443 (Hebrew: כביש 443, מעלה בית חורון) is also known as Ma'ale Beit Horon (Bethoron Ascent), following the ancient east-west trade route connecting the Via Maris and the Way of the Patriarchs. It is the main highway connecting Tel Aviv and Gush Dan with Jerusalem via Modi'in. While technically listed as a regional road, it is, for the most part, a divided, four-lane highway which utilizes some grade separation and interchanges, as well as major at-grade intersections, and thus is not classified as a motorway, even though there is a short motorway section on its western end, connecting it to westbound Highway 1.

Grade separation
In civil engineering (and more specifically, highway or railway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.  The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation.

In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation or as an interchange—in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing or a level crossing, which are not grade-separated.
Velumbrella
Velumbrella is an eldonioid known from the Early to Middle Cambrian of Poland. The fossils depict a scleritosed disk with a U-shaped gut.

Velumbrella was originally thought to be related to the hydrozoan order Trachylenida, or possibly to Ediacaria or Beltanella which were considered to be Cambrian jellyfish. Upon erecting the class Eldonioidea, Dzik assigned Vellumbrella to Eldoniidae rather than Rotadiscidae on account of its radial ribs.

Several authors (including Dzik) later noted the similarity between Velumbrella cznarnockii and Pararotadiscus guizhouensis (which was initially described as Rotadiscus guizhouensis).  A more recent review tenatively placed Velumbrella in the Rotadiscidae (along with the more confidently-assigned Pararotadiscus), noting that the rotadiscids are distinguished from other eldonioid families by concentric ornamentations on the dorsal surface.

Trachylinae
Trachylinae (also Trachylina, Trachylinida, etc.) is a subclass of hydrozoans. It is placed at order rank in many older classifications, and limited to contain the Narcomedusae, Trachymedusae, the Actinulidae, then considered an independent order, and also the Limnomedusae which were traditionally placed in the paraphyletic "Hydroida". It is not entirely clear whether the Limnomedusae and the Trachymedusae as conventionally circumscribed are monophyletic

The freshwater jelly Craspedacusta sowerbyi is a well-known member of the Limnomedusae and might thus belong here.
Queen Anne, Seattle
Queen Anne is a neighborhood in northwestern Seattle, Washington. Queen Anne covers an area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), and has a population of about 34,000.  It is bordered by Belltown to the south, Lake Union to the east, the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the north and Interbay to the west.

The neighborhood is built on a hill, now named Queen Anne Hill, which became a popular spot for the city's early economic and cultural elite to build their mansions. Its name is derived from the Queen Anne architectural style in which many of the early homes were built.

Thomas Wales
Thomas Crane Wales (June 23, 1952 – October 12, 2001) was an American federal prosecutor and gun control advocate who was the victim of an unsolved murder. In 2018, FBI investigators announced they strongly suspected the killing to have been carried out by a paid hitman.
Globoid (botany)
A globoid is a spherical crystalline inclusion in a protein body found in seed tissues that contains phytate and other nutrients for plant growth. These are found in several plants, including wheat and the genus Cucurbita. These nutrients are eventually completely depleted during seedling growth. In Cucurbita maxima, globoids form as early as the 3rd day of seedling growth. They are located in conjunction with a larger crystalloid. They are electron–dense and vary widely in size.

Phytic acid
Phytic acid is a six-fold dihydrogenphosphate ester of inositol (specifically, of the myo isomer), also called inositol hexaphosphate, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) or inositol polyphosphate. At physiological pH, the phosphates are partially ionized, resulting in the phytate anion.

The (myo) phytate anion is a colorless species that has significant nutritional role as the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds. It is also present in many legumes, cereals, and grains. Phytic acid and phytate have a strong binding affinity to the dietary minerals calcium, iron, and zinc, inhibiting their absorption in the small intestine.

The lower inositol polyphosphates are inositol esters with less than six phosphates, such as inositol penta- (IP5), tetra- (IP4), and triphosphate (IP3). These occur in nature as catabolites of phytic acid.
RAF Castle Archdale
Royal Air Force Castle Archdale or more simply RAF Castle Archdale, also known for a while as RAF Lough Erne is a former Royal Air Force station used for flying boats by the RAF and the Royal Canadian Air Force in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
2025 Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne – Doubles
Anna-Lena Friedsam and Céline Naef were the defending champions but both chose to participate in Rovereto instead.

Anna Sisková and Vendula Valdmannová won the title, after defeating Anna Hertel and Tiphanie Lemaître in the final; 6–1, 6–4.

Céline Naef
Céline Naef (born 25 June 2005) is a Swiss tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of No. 121 in singles, achieved on 16 October 2023, and No. 122 in doubles, reached on 18 November 2024. 
Naef has won one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour along with seven singles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Post-presidency of Gerald Ford
Gerald Ford was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977. After his tenure's end, Ford was active in the public sphere, traveling, writing a memoir, and voicing his opinion about contemporary issues within the United States and abroad.

Eisenhower Medical Center
The Eisenhower Medical Center (EMC) now known as Eisenhower Health is a nonprofit teaching hospital based in Rancho Mirage, California, serving the Coachella Valley region of Southeastern California. It was named one of the top one hundred hospitals in the United States in 2024.
Io e il re
Io e il re (The King and Me) is a 1995 Italian historical comedy drama film written and directed by Lucio Gaudino. It entered the Italian Panorama section at the 52nd Venice International Film Festival.

52nd Venice International Film Festival
The 52nd annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 30 August and 9 September 1995.

Spanish writer Jorge Semprún was the Jury President of the main competition. Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo was the winner of the Golden Lion.
Free French Africa
Free French Africa (French: Afrique française libre, sometimes abbreviated to AFL) was the political entity which collectively represented the colonial territories of French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon under the control of Free France in World War II.

It provided a political and territorial base for Free France and strengthened General Charles de Gaulle's international position. It made a major contribution to the war effort by financing the French Resistance, by the contribution of its many soldiers to the Free French Forces, and by the military exploitation of its installations and territories.

Because of its geographical location, Free French Africa offered a considerable asset to the Allies, favouring military operations from Chad in the Western Desert Campaign in Egypt and Libya, as well as facilitating communications across the continent, thus giving British colonies the ability to communicate with each other.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
Andrews–Curtis conjecture
In mathematics, the Andrews–Curtis conjecture states that every balanced presentation (i.e. a presentation with the same number of generators and relations) of the trivial group can be transformed into a trivial presentation by a sequence of Nielsen transformations on the relators together with conjugations of relators, named after James J. Andrews and Morton L. Curtis who proposed it in 1965.  It is difficult to verify whether the conjecture holds for a given balanced presentation or not.

It is widely believed that the Andrews–Curtis conjecture is false. While there are no counterexamples known, there are numerous potential counterexamples. It is known that the Zeeman conjecture on collapsibility implies the Andrews–Curtis conjecture.

Trivial group
In mathematics, a trivial group or zero group is a group that consists of a single element. All such groups are isomorphic, so one often speaks of the trivial group. The single element of the trivial group is the identity element and so it is usually denoted as such: ⁠⁠, ⁠⁠, or ⁠⁠ depending on the context. If the group operation is denoted ⁠⁠ then it is defined by ⁠⁠.

The similarly defined trivial monoid is also a group since its only element is its own inverse, and is hence the same as the trivial group.

The trivial group is distinct from the empty set, which has no elements, hence lacks an identity element, and so cannot be a group.
Spokane Public Schools
Spokane Public Schools (District No. 81) is a public school district in Spokane County, Washington, and serves the city of Spokane. The district includes oversight and administration of seven high schools, six middle schools, and 34 elementary schools. Specialized programming focuses on alternative learning opportunities for intelligently gifted children, as well as those that experience moderate to severe emotional and/or physical disabilities, are homeless, or experiencing the Spokane Public Schools system through the Foreign Exchange Program.

Spokane County, Washington
Spokane County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 539,339, and was estimated to be 555,947 in 2024, making it the fourth-most populous county in Washington. The county seat and largest city is Spokane, the second largest city in the state after Seattle. The county is named after the Spokane people.

Spokane County is part of the Spokane metropolitan area, which is also part of the greater Spokane–Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area that includes nearby Kootenai County, Idaho.
The Cuba Libre Story
The Cuba Libre Story is a documentary series that portrays the history of Cuba from colonial times to 2015. The eight-part series was released on Netflix on December 11, 2015.

For The Cuba Libre Story, more than 50 international Cuba experts and contemporary witnesses were interviewed–both supporters and opponents of Fidel Castro and his predecessor Fulgencio Batista. Among them are Cuba's former intelligence chief Juan Antonio Rodríguez Menier and KGB Latin America chief Nikolai Leonov, Che Guevara's comrade Dariel Alarcón and CIA agent Félix Rodríguez, Fidel Castro's former lover Marita Lorenz and his former bodyguard Carlos Calvo, the stepdaughter of Mafia boss Meyer Lansky, Cuba's famous novelist Leonardo Padura and the last Head of State of the GDR and personal friend of the Castro brothers, Egon Krenz.

Félix Rodríguez (soldier)
Félix Ismael Rodríguez Mendigutia (born 31 May 1941) is a Cuban-American former Central Intelligence Agency Paramilitary Operations Officer in the Special Activities Division, known for his involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the assassination of communist revolutionary Che Guevara as well as his close ties to George H. W. Bush during the Iran–Contra affair.
Aubrey Kuruppu
Aubrey Kuruppu (11 March 1945 – 11 October 2019) was a Sri Lankan cricketer who played two first-class matches in Sri Lanka in 1972 and 1973.

Aubrey Kuruppu was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, where he played in the First XI, including the Royal–Thomian match in 1965. After his playing days he was secretary of the Kandy District Cricket Association and a member of the tour organising committee of the Sri Lanka Cricket Board for five years. He coached cricket at Vidyartha College and Sri Rahula College, Kandy. He also served as a match referee.

Vidyartha College
Vidyartha College (Sinhala:විද්‍යාර්ථ විද්‍යලය) is an all-male national school located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. The college was founded in 1942 by the Vidyartha Society, and is currently run by the Government of Sri Lanka. The college has two sections: the primary section which includes grades 1–5; and the secondary section which includes students in grades 6–13.
Convex subgraph
In metric graph theory, a convex subgraph of an undirected graph G is a subgraph that includes every shortest path in G between two of its vertices. Thus, it is analogous to the definition of a convex set in geometry, a set that contains the line segment between every pair of its points.

Convex subgraphs play an important role in the theory of partial cubes and median graphs. In particular, in median graphs, the convex subgraphs have the Helly property: if a family of convex subgraphs has the property that all pairwise intersections are nonempty, then the whole family has a nonempty intersection.

Shortest path problem
In graph theory, the shortest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two vertices (or nodes) in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized.

The problem of finding the shortest path between two intersections on a road map may be modeled as a special case of the shortest path problem in graphs, where the vertices correspond to intersections and the edges correspond to road segments, each weighted by the length or distance of each segment.
Cornelia Johanna de Vogel
Cornelia Johanna de Vogel  (27 February 1905 – 7 May 1986) was a Dutch  classicist, philosopher and theologian. She was a “distinguished Dutch Plato scholar”, and a prolific author of ancient philosophy and patristic theology. She was the professor of the history of classical and medieval philosophy at the state university of Utrecht (1947–74).

Classical language
A classical language is any language with an independent literary tradition and a large body of ancient written literature. Typically associated with civilizations of antiquity, these languages serve as foundational sources for historical, philosophical, religious, and scientific texts, often enduring long after their everyday spoken use has declined.

Many classical languages are considered extinct or no longer in vernacular use, while some exist in liturgical or literary contexts. Those that are still in use today tend to show highly diglossic characteristics in areas where they are used, as the difference between spoken and written language has widened over time.
J and B v Director General, Department of Home Affairs
J and B v Director-General, Department of Home Affairs and Others is a 2003 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which dealt with the situation of children born via artificial insemination to a lesbian couple in a permanent life-partnership. The court ruled that the partner who was not the biological parent was to be regarded as a natural parent and guardian and that the children were legitimate in law, and ordered the Department of Home Affairs to register both partners as parents on the children's birth certificates.

Same-sex relationship
A same-sex relationship, also known as same-gender relationship is a romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex or gender.

Some couples in same-sex relationships have children, both biological or non-biological, such as adoptive or foster children, and are parenting them with their partner.

Same-gender or same-sex marriage refers to the institutionalized recognition of such relationships in the form of a marriage; civil unions exist in some countries where same-sex marriage does not.
Red Roses Stakes
The Red Roses Stakes is a registered Victoria Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies, run under set weights with penalties conditions, over 1,100 metres at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia during the VRC Spring Carnival on Crown Oaks Day.  Total prize money for the race is A$300,000.

Crown Oaks
The Victoria Racing Club Oaks (known as the Crown Oaks for sponsorship reasons), is a Victoria Racing Club (VRC) Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies, run under set weights conditions, over 2,500 metres at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia on the third day of the VRC Spring Carnival, the Thursday after the Melbourne Cup in early November.  Total prize money for the race is A$1,000,000