hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugh Morgan (apothecary)
Hugh Morgan (c.1530–1613) was born in Bradfield, Essex. He was appointed as apothecary to Queen Elizabeth I of England around July 1583. He was supposed to become Master of the Grocers' Company a few months before the time when he was appointed, and asked to be excused from taking office so he could fulfill his duties. Morgan is believed to have introduced vanilla to Queen Elizabeth, in 1602, as a flavour. He died in his home in Battersea in 1613. He was buried in St. Mary's Church on 13 September.

Bradfield, Essex
Bradfield is a village and civil parish near Manningtree in Essex, England. It is located about 9 miles (14 km) west of Harwich in the north-east of Essex on the River Stour. It is on the B1352 road between Manningtree and Harwich, a former coaching route. Within the parish, Bradfield and the hamlet of Bradwell Heath form a "complex and substantial linear settlement", as described by Tendring District Council in 2006. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,253.
Ananyino culture
The Ananyino culture is an archeological culture of the late 8th to 3rd centuries BCE in present-day Tatarstan, Russian Federation. The name comes from the burials first discovered near the village Ananyino (Ананьино) in the vicinity of Elabuga, excavated by P.V.Alabin and I.V.Shishkin in 1858.

It is located in the territory of the Middle Volga (from the Vetluga River to the town of Ulyanovsk) and the Kama River basin. In the southeast the culture stretches along the lower course of the Belaya River, from its mouth up to the town of Birsk (fortresses Novokabanov, Kakrykul, Peter-Tau, Anachev, Tra-Tau, Trikol, Novobiktov, Birsk settlement, Tash-Elga burials). In the Volga-Kama area and more northerly the culture extends to the Pechora River and Subarctic Ural.

In the Volga and Lower Kama areas the traces of the Ananyino Culture fade in the 6th century BCE, in other areas in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Johan Duijck
Johan Duijck (born 1954 in Ghent) is a Belgian composer and conductor.

He is conductor of the Flemish Radio Choir, the Academy of St Martin in the Fields Chorus in London and the Gents Madrigaalkoor. He is regularly invited as a guest conductor of renowned ensembles such as the Orquesta Sinfónica Real de Sevilla, the Dartington Festival Orchestra, the Danish Radio Choir and others.

As a composer he is dedicated to piano and choral music. His works Alma de la música and The Well-Tempered Pianist have received international acclaim.

He has been a teacher of piano and choral conducting at the Ghent Conservatory and at the Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel. Among his students is Annelies Van Parys. He is the director of the academy for choral conducting at the Euskalerriko Abesbatzen Elkartea (Spain).

Academy of St Martin in the Fields
The Academy of St Martin in the Fields (ASMF) is an English orchestra, based in London.

John Churchill, then Master of Music at the London church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, and Neville Marriner founded the orchestra as "The Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields", a small, conductorless string group. The ASMF gave its first concert on 13 November 1959, in the church after which it was named. In 1988, the orchestra dropped the hyphens from its full name.
Joan Rice
Joan Rice (3 February 1930 – 1 January 1997) was an English film actress.

Rice is best known for her role as Dalabo in the film His Majesty O'Keefe (1954) which co-starred Burt Lancaster. Apart from that she played Maid Marian in The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), played the graverobber's wife in The Horror of Frankenstein and appeared in Operation Bullshine. For several years in the early and mid-1950s, Rice was considered one of 'Rank's top stars', then signed to Adelphi Films to make The Crowded Day.

Rice was reputedly discovered working as a waitress in a Lyons Corner House in London, where she was crowned "Miss Lyons, 1949"; and thereafter trained at the Rank Organisation's "charm school".

J. Lyons and Co.
J. Lyons & Co. was a British restaurant chain store, food manufacturing, and hotel conglomerate founded in 1884 by Joseph Lyons and his brothers in law, Isidore and Montague Gluckstein. Lyons' first teashop opened in Piccadilly, London in 1894, and from 1909 they developed into a chain of teashops, with the firm becoming a staple of the High Street in the UK. At its peak the chain numbered around 200 cafes. The teashops provided for tea and coffee, with food choices consisting of hot dishes and sweets, cold dishes and sweets, and buns, cakes and rolls.

Making their first cakes and pastries in 1894, several Lyons cake products are still available on grocers' shelves, including Lyons' treacle tart, Lyons' Bakewell tart, Lyons' Battenberg, and Lyons' trifle sponges, which are sold by Premier Foods. The company is also known for its pioneering use of computers in the office.
Gorle, Lombardy
Gorle (Bergamasque: Górel) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,506 and an area of 2.4 square kilometres (0.93 sq mi).

Gorle borders the following municipalities: Bergamo, Pedrengo, Ranica, Scanzorosciate, Seriate, Torre Boldone.

Torre Boldone
Torre Boldone (Bergamasque: Tür Boldù) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 3 kilometres (2 mi) northeast of Bergamo, at the entrance of the Valle Seriana. Part of Torre Boldone's territory is part of Parco dei Colli di Bergamo
Chew Seh Yong
Chew Seh Yong (born 3 February 1962) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Lobak since May 2018. He served as Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Menteri Besar Aminuddin Harun from February to August 2023 and MLA for Bahau from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition. He is also the shortest-serving Negeri Sembilan EXCO Member in the recent history of the state, in office for slightly more than just 6 months.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR; English: People's Alliance) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
Samuel Giamil
Samuel Giamil (1847–1917) (Arabic: شموئيل جميل, romanized: Shmuʾel Jamīl) was an Assyrian scholar, polyglot and a Chaldean Catholic monk. 
He was the superior of the Monastery of Notre Dame des Semences near Alqosh from 1890 to 1917 and wrote numerous scholarly works in Arabic, Latin, and Italian, and translated and published many important Syriac manuscripts.

Monastery of Our Lady of the Seeds, Alqosh
The Monastery of Our Lady of the Seeds, also known as the Monastery of Saint Mary, is a Chaldean Catholic monastery located near Alqosh, Iraq. It was established in 1858 by Joseph VI Audo, Chaldean patriarch from 1847 to 1878. It is located near the very ancient Rabban Hormizd Monastery and has housed numerous important manuscripts.
Tapuata railway station
Tapuata railway station, on the Palmerston North–Gisborne line, opened on 1 December 1884. It served a rural area just south of Dannevirke, in the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The station closed 97 years later. In 1889 it exchanged names with its neighbouring station, to become Tamaki siding, and in 1929 became Tapuata A single track runs through the station site.

Manawatū–Whanganui
Manawatū-Whanganui ([manawaˈtʉː ˈˀwaŋanʉi]; spelled Manawatu-Wanganui prior to 2019) is a region in the lower half of the North Island of New Zealand, whose main population centres are the cities of Palmerston North and Whanganui. It is administered by the Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, which operates under the name Horizons Regional Council. The region covers over 22,000 square kilometres (13,670.166 mi), making it the sixth largest region by area in the country and is home to 261,100 residents.
Goug
Goug (also known as El Goug) is a village in the commune of Balidat Ameur, in Témacine District, Ouargla Province, Algeria. The village is located 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) southeast of Balidat Ameur and 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Touggourt.

Ouargla Province
Ouargla or Warqla (Arabic: ولاية ورقلة) is a province (wilaya) in eastern Algeria, with a population of 708 463 inhabitants in 2019. Its capital is Ouargla. Other localities include Hassi Ben Abdellah and Hassi Messaoud. It borders Ouled Djellal Province, El M'Ghair Province Touggourt Province, and El Oued Province to the north, Tunisia to the east, In Salah Province and Illizi Province to the south, and El Menia Province, Ghardaia Province and Djelfa Province to the west. It contains the Issaouane Erg desert.
Wyly
Wyly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Wyly (1933–2011), American businessman

L. D. Wyly (1916–2004), American scientist

Michael Wyly (born c. 1939), American Marines colonel

Sam Wyly (born 1934), American businessman

Charles Wyly
Charles Wyly, Jr. (October 13, 1933 – August 7, 2011) was an American entrepreneur and businessman, philanthropist, civic leader, and a major contributor to Republican causes and art projects in Dallas, Texas. This included $20 million to build a performing arts center in Dallas. In 2006, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth at $1 billion.  His younger brother, Sam Wyly, is nearly equal in wealth; the two brothers were close with their business affairs, and were often referred to as the "Wyly brothers". Together the brothers had donated almost $2.5 million to more than two hundred Republican candidates and committees at the federal level over the past two decades. Wyly was inducted into the Louisiana Tech University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2003; he was a Bulldogs football player.
Janet Toro
Janet Toro (born in Osorno, Chile, August 24, 1963) is a performance artist based in Chile and Germany whose work has centered around an anti-establishment message and the illumination of the social injustices that resulted from the Pinochet dictatorship. She is most well known for her work, El cuerpo de la memoria (The body of memory), where she performed 90 actions over 44 days at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Santiago, Chile. Shortly after this, she moved to Germany in 1999, where she continued her career as a performance artist before moving back to Chile in 2014.

Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts
The Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes or MNBA), located in Santiago, Chile, is one of the major centers for Chilean art and for broader South American art.  Established in 1880 (making it the oldest in South America), the organization is managed by the Artistic Union (Unión Artística).

The current building, the Palace of the Fine Arts (el Palacio de Bellas Artes), dates to 1910 and commemorates the first centennial of the Independence of Chile.  It was designed by the Chilean architect Emile Jéquier in a full-blown Beaux-arts style and is situated in the Parque Forestal of Santiago.  Behind it is located the Museum of Contemporary Art (Museo de Arte Contemporáneo) of the University of Chile, in which is also located the old School of Fine Arts (Escuela de Bellas Artes).
Kid Lowe
William McKinley Lowe (July 27, 1900 – November 19, 1988), nicknamed "Kid", was an American Negro league third baseman who played from 1921 to 1931 for the Indianapolis ABCs, Detroit Stars, Memphis Red Sox, and Nashville Elite Giants.

A native of Mobile, Alabama, Lowe coached baseball at Booker T. Washington High School after his playing career had ended. In 1937, he formed his own semi-pro barnstorming team, which featured such notable players as Verdell Mathis.

Lowe died in Memphis, Tennessee in 1988 at age 88.

Baltimore Elite Giants
The Baltimore Elite Giants were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues from 1920 to 1950. The team was established by Thomas T. Wilson, in Nashville, Tennessee as the semi-pro Nashville Standard Giants on March 26, 1920. The team was renamed the Elite Giants in 1921, and moved to Baltimore, Maryland in 1938, where the team remained for the duration of their existence. The team and its fans pronounced the word "Elite" as "EE-light".
1982 African Cup Winners' Cup
The 1982 season of the African Cup Winners' Cup football club tournament was won by El Mokawloon SC in two-legged final victory against Power Dynamos F.C. This was the eighth season that the tournament took place for the winners of each African country's domestic cup. thirty-three sides entered the competition, with Printing Agency withdrawing before the 1st leg of the first round and Gor Mahia withdrawing after the 1st leg of the same round.

Al Mokawloon Al Arab SC
Al Mokawloon Al Arab Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي المقاولون العرب الرياضي, romanized: Nādī l-Muqāwilūn al-ʿArab ar-Riyāḍī), known locally as Al Mokawloon, is an Egyptian professional sports club based in Nasr City and owned by Arab Contractors (Al Mokawloon Al Arab). The club is best known for their football team, which currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League.

The club over the years have produced some of the most famous and talented players in Egypt, including Abdel Sattar Sabry, Mohamed Salah, and Mohamed Elneny.
Catapyrenium
Catapyrenium is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. These small lichens grow as clusters of tiny scales (squamules that lie flat against rocks and soil, often in dry or disturbed habitats. The genus includes about 18 species found worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where they help stabilize soil surfaces.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
Neobathiea grandidierana
Neobathiea grandidierana is a species of orchid from Madagascar and the Comoros.  It is named after the French naturalist Alfred Grandidier. Among the six described species of Neobathiea, this species is the most widely distributed within Madagascar, occurring in Antsiranana, Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, and Toliara.   In the Comoros, it occurs in Anjouan and Grande Comore.  The habitat of this species is humid forest on west-faching slopes at the elevation range of 1000-1650m.  It flowers from spring to early summer.

The long-spurred Neobathiea grandidierana from Madagascar is pollinated by a long-tongued sphinginid hawkmoth Panogena lingens with the pollinaria deposited on the basal part of the proboscis of the moth.

Anjouan
Anjouan ([ɑ̃.ʒu.ɑ̃]) is an autonomous volcanic island in the Comoro Islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean, part of the Union of the Comoros. It is known in Shikomori as Ndzuani, Ndzuwani or Nzwani, and, until the early twentieth century when the name fell out of general use (although still sometimes used by English-speakers in Zanzibar), in English as Johanna. Historically it was also called Hinzuan or Hanzoan.

Its chief town is Mutsamudu and, as of 2006, its population is around 277,500. The total area of the island is 424 square kilometres (163 square miles).
Andrew Pyle (philosopher)
Andrew Pyle (born 17 March 1955) is a British philosopher on the history of philosophical atomism.

Pyle is professor Emeritus  in Early Modern Philosophy at the University of Bristol, where he also received his doctorate. His dissertation was titled Atomism and its Critics: Democritus to Newton. Pyle also writes on the history of science and has given talks within the university on the nature of science historically. Pyle is one of the editors of the Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy. Andrew Pyle engaged in an apologetics debate with William Lane Craig in 2008 on the topic: Does the Christian God Exist?

In 2018, Bristol University held an all day conference honouring the thematic themes of Pyle's research

Democritus
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.

None of Democritus' original work has survived, except through second-hand references. Many of these references come from Aristotle, who viewed him as an important rival in the field of natural philosophy. He was known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.
Everything Changes (Markus Fagervall song)
"Everything Changes" is a Swedish English language single by Markus Fagervall, winner of the Swedish version of Idol in its third season in 2006. He sang the winning song when he was declared winner on 1 December 2006. The single went straight to number one on the Swedish Singles Chart on 7 December 2006 and stayed at that position for seven weeks, making it both the Swedish Christmas and the New Year number one. It was also certified platinum in Sweden, selling over 20,000 copies.

The song is a pop and rock song written by Jörgen Elofsson and produced by Peter Kvint. It was sung in the final by both Fagervall, runner-up Erik Segerstedt and third placed Johan Larsson. The song is also included on Fagervall's debut studio album, Echo Heart.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Beryl Burbridge
Beryl Emma Burbridge, OBE (4 March 1902 – 27 November 1988) was an Australian hospital matron who worked on malaria treatments during the Second World War at a research unit. She later worked at the Royal Brisbane Hospital and served as president of the Queensland branch of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation from 1959 to 1960.

Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) is the largest trade union in Australia with over 300,000 members. The union is run by nurses, midwives and assistants in nursing/personal carers to advance the industrial, political and professional interests of the nursing and midwifery professions. ANMF is a federated union, with branches in each state and territory in Australia.
HMC ML Q057
HMC ML Q057 was a wooden Canadian-built Fairmile B motor launch (ML) upgunned submarine chaser delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) on 28 October 1941. Originally designed for the Royal Navy by W.J. Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War eighty Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN.

Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy
The Coastal Forces of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was a specialized naval force of well-armed, small and fast motor launch (ML) and motor torpedo boat (MTB) flotillas, primarily crewed by members of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR). Tasked with escort, coastal defence, anti-submarine, minesweeping and search and rescue duties, the Coastal Forces of the RCN contributed to securing Allied sea lines of communication off the coasts of Canada and Britain during the Second World War.
Dolina Czernicka
Dolina Czernicka [dɔˈlina t͡ʂɛrˈnit͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osjaków, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Osjaków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Vasiliy Gorshkov
Vasiliy Gorshkov (Russian: Василий Горшков; born 5 February 1977) is a Russian pole vaulter.

He finished eighth at the 2002 European Athletics Championships and fourth at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships. He also competed at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics, but failed to qualify from his pool.

His personal best jump is 5.80 metres, achieved in July 2002 in Cheboksary. He has not competed on top level since 2004.

2001 World Championships in Athletics
The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 and 12 August 2001 and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a thousand-strong voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

Edmonton defeated bids from Paris, France (which hosted the next edition) and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States to host the event. Edmonton had previously hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games and the 1983 Summer Universiade.