hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Signal Regiment (Malaysia)
The Rejimen Semboyan Diraja (Royal Signals Regiment) is a combat support regiment of the Malaysian Army. It has the primary responsibility of establishing and maintaining secure military communications channels for the command and tactical elements of the Malaysian Army. It is also responsible for all electronic support, electronic warfare and early warning system for the Malaysian Army.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Only That Real
Only That Real is a song by American rapper Iamsu! from his debut studio album, Sincerely Yours (2014). It was released as his commercial debut single on February 4, 2014. It features American rappers 2 Chainz and fellow HBK Gang member Sage the Gemini, with production handled by P-Lo of The Invasion.

Sage the Gemini
Dominic Wynn Woods (born June 20, 1992), known professionally as Sage the Gemini (/seɪdʒ/), is an American rapper and record producer. He is a member of the Bay Area hip-hop collective HBK Gang, and is the only member of the group alongside Kehlani and LoveRance to have signed to a major label.

Woods is best known for his 2013 singles "Gas Pedal" (featuring Iamsu!) and "Red Nose," which peaked at numbers 29 and 59 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. Both songs preceded his debut studio album Remember Me (2014), which was released by Republic Records and saw moderate critical and commercial reception. That same year, his guest appearance alongside Lookas on Flo Rida's 2014 single, "Going Down For Real (GDFR)" peaked at number eight on the chart and received quadruple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Nina Sailo
Nina Sailo (née Stünkel;  26 July 1906 – 15 November 1998) was a sculptor from Finland.

Nina Stünkel studied in Vyborg, Helsinki and London. In 1932 she became a private student of sculptor  Alpo Sailo, whom she later married. They traveled together in Karelia, looking for oral poets and portraiting them.

Sailo's art is on permanent public display in parks and cemeteries in Tornio, Helsinki and Lappeenranta. Famous statues include a realistic bronze memorial of Tahko Pihkala and life-size statue commemorating Lotta Svärd, the Finnish voluntary auxiliary paramilitary organisation for women.

Lotta Svärd
Lotta Svärd (Finland Swedish: [ˈlotːɑ ˈsvæːrd]) was a Finnish voluntary auxiliary paramilitary organisation for women. The women were called lotat (sg. lotta, lit. 'Lottas') in Finnish. Formed originally in 1918, it had a large membership undertaking volunteer social work in the 1920s and 1930s. It was formed to support the White Guard. During the Second World War, it mobilized to replace men conscripted into the army.  It served in hospitals, at air raid warning positions, and other auxiliary tasks in close cooperation with the army.  The women were officially unarmed except for an antiaircraft battery in 1944. Virtanen argues that, their "accountability to the nation took a masculine and military form in public, but had a private, feminine side to it including features like caring, helping and loving." The organisation was disbanded by the government after the war.
Gaetano Maria Travasa
Gaetano Maria Travasa CR (31 May 1698 – 16 January 1774) was an Italian Theatine priest, ecclesiastical historian and scholar, best known for his five-volume history of early Christian heresiarchs, Storia critica delle vite degli eresiarchi.

Mani (prophet)
Mani (/ˈmɑːni/; c. April AD 216 – 2 March AD 274 or 26 February AD 277) was an Iranian prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a religion most prevalent in late antiquity.

Mani was born in or near Ctesiphon (south of modern Baghdad) in Mesopotamia, at the time part of the Parthian Empire. Seven of his major works were written in Syriac, and the eighth, dedicated to the Sasanian emperor Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian. He died shortly after being imprisoned by Bahram I in Gundeshapur.
QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun
The QF 12-pounder 12-cwt gun (Quick-Firing) (abbreviated as Q.F. 12-pdr. [12-cwt.]) was a common, versatile 3-inch (76.2 mm) calibre naval gun introduced in 1894 and used until the middle of the 20th century. It was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick and used on Royal Navy warships, exported to allied countries, and used for land service. In British service "12-pounder" was the rounded value of the projectile weight, and "12 cwt (hundredweight)" was the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns.

As the Type 41 3-inch (7.62 cm)/40 it was used on most early battleships and cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, though it was commonly referred to by its UK designation as a "12-pounder" gun. Italy built guns under licence as the 76.2 mm/40 (3") by Ansaldo.

Hundredweight
The hundredweight (abbreviation: cwt), formerly also known as the centum weight or quintal, is a British imperial and United States customary unit of weight or mass. Its value differs between the United States customary and British imperial systems. The two values are distinguished in American English as the short and long hundredweight and in British English as the cental and imperial hundredweight.

The short hundredweight or cental of 100 pounds (45.36 kg) is defined in the United States customary system.

The long or imperial hundredweight of 8 stone or 112 pounds (50.80 kg) is defined in the British imperial system.

Under both conventions, there are 20 hundredweight in a ton, producing a "short ton" of 2,000 pounds (907.2 kg) and a "long ton" of 2,240 pounds (1,016 kg).
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack
The Legend and Bizarre Crimes of Spring Heeled Jack is a non-fiction book by Peter Haining, published by Frederick Muller in 1977. It is notable for being the first full-length book about the Spring-heeled Jack legend, but is notorious for its numerous uncited claims and fabrications, being the earliest identifiable source of several elements of Spring-heeled Jack fakelore.

Invented tradition
Invented traditions are cultural practices that are presented or perceived as traditional, arising from people starting in the distant past, but which are relatively recent and often consciously invented by historical actors. The concept was highlighted in the 1983 book The Invention of Tradition, edited by Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger. Hobsbawm's introduction argues that many "traditions" which "appear or claim to be old are often quite recent in origin and sometimes invented." This "invention" is distinguished from "starting" or "initiating" a tradition that does not then claim to be old. The phenomenon is particularly clear in the modern development of the nation and of nationalism, creating a national identity promoting national unity, and legitimising certain institutions or cultural practices.
Ivan Perov
Ivan Stepanovich Perov (Russian: Ива́н Степа́нович Перо́в; 6 October 1910 – 26 January 1989) was a michman of the Soviet Navy, bos'n-signalman of the Soviet submarine L-4 during the Second World War. He also served at some other ships.

On 22 July 1944 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union for his courage and heroism. He was also awarded several other orders and medals.

The village of Perove was named after him. A memorial plaque was mounted on the house where he lived in Odessa after the war.

Michman
Michman (Russian: мичман, IPA: [ˈmʲit͡ɕmən], lit. 'midshipman') is a rank used by the Russian Navy and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to praporshchik in armies and air forces. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-8 and is equivalent to Warrant officer class 2 or Senior chief petty officer in English speaking navies.
Battle Mountain Sanitarium
The Battle Mountain Sanitarium was a division of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (NHDVS) located in Hot Springs, South Dakota.  Established by law in 1902 and opened in 1907, it was unique among the facilities of the NHDVS, a precursor of today's United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in that it was strictly a medical facility with no residential components beyond its treatment facilities. It was founded to treat former soldiers suffering from musculo-skeletal problems that were believed to be treatable by the region's mineral springs, and for conditions such as tuberculosis whose treatment was improved by the thin dry air.  The facilities built for the sanitarium are in an architecturally distinctive Romanesque and Mission Revival style, and now form the centerpiece of the Black Hills Health Care facility, operated by the VA.  Most of the complex site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2011 for its architecture and history.

Hot Springs, South Dakota
Hot Springs (Lakota: mni kȟáta; "hot water") is a city in and the county seat of Fall River County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 3,395. In addition, neighboring Oglala Lakota County contracts the duties of Auditor, Treasurer and Register of Deeds to the Fall River County authority in Hot Springs.
Salcete taluka
Salcete (Konkani: Saxtti/Xaxtti) a subdivision of the district of South Goa, in the state of Goa, situated by the west coast of India. The Sal River and its backwaters dominate the landscape of Salcete. Historically, the sixty-six settlements south of the Zuari River formed the original Salcette territory. Salcete forms a part of the bigger Konkan region that stretches along the western shoreline of peninsular India.

In erstwhile Portuguese Goa, the Salcette concelho (county), located in the Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests), was co-terminous with the undivided Salcette territory (Mormugao and Salcete talukas). In 1917, the concelho  was bifurcated into the present-day talukas of Mormugao and Salcete. The contemporary Salcete taluka has been classified as a rurban area. Margao serves as the administrative headquarters of both Salcete taluka and the South Goa district.

Backwater (river)
A backwater is a part of a river in which there is little or no current. It can refer to a branch of a main river, which lies alongside it and then rejoins it, or to a body of water in a main river, backed up by the sea tide or by an obstruction such as a dam. Manmade restrictions to natural stream flow or temporary natural obstructions such as ice jams, vegetation blockage, or flooding of a lower stream can create backwater.
2017 Città di Caltanissetta – Doubles
Guido Andreozzi and Andrés Molteni were the defending champions but only Andreozzi chose to defend his title, partnering Sergio Galdós. Andreozzi lost in the first round to Alessandro Giannessi and Gianluca Mager.

James Cerretani and Max Schnur won the title after defeating Denys Molchanov and Franko Škugor 6–3, 3–6, [10–6] in the final.

Denys Molchanov
Denys Petrovych Molchanov (Ukrainian: Денис Петрович Молчанов; born 16 May 1987) is a Ukrainian tennis player competing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 58 on 29 January 2024. In 2015 he reached his highest singles ranking of No. 169.

He has won two ATP doubles titles. He has also won 15 ITF singles and 66 doubles titles, 36 of them Challengers. He also played for the Ukraine Davis Cup team.
Princess Princess (album)
Princess Princess (プリンセス・プリンセス, Purinsesu Purinsesu) is the self-titled fifth studio album by the Japanese girl band Princess Princess, released on December 21, 1990, by CBS Sony. It includes the band's fourth No. 1 single "Julian". The album also features songs with different members doing vocals: "Sabitsuki Blues" with lead guitarist Kanako Nakayama and "Tsukiyo no Dekigoto" with keyboardist Tomoko Konno.

The album hit No. 1 on Oricon's albums chart, making it the band's second of five consecutive No. 1 albums. It was also certified as a Million seller and Triple Platinum by the RIAJ.

All-female band
An all-female band is a musical group in popular music that is exclusively composed of female musicians. This is distinct from a girl group, in which the female members are solely vocalists, though this terminology is not universally followed. While all-male bands are common in many rock and pop scenes, all-female bands are less common.
Suzanne Noël
Suzanne Blanche Gros Noël (January 19, 1878 – November 11, 1954), also known as Madame Noël, was a French plastic surgeon and the first female plastic surgeon in the world. She was known for her efficient face lift technique, the "petite operation". Noël was also a very active feminist, a philosophy which was considered radical for a practicing cosmetic surgeon. She is the founder of Soroptimist International of Europe (SIE) and had a career spanning from 1916 to 1950. At the outbreak of World War I, without having been able to defend her doctoral thesis, like all the interns, Suzanne Gros was allowed to practise medicine in the city. She then joined Professor Morestin at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris. In 1916, she trained in the techniques of reparative and corrective surgery. From there, under extremely precarious conditions, she participated in the war effort by operating on the "broken mouths", the wounded in the face.

Val-de-Grâce
The Val-de-Grâce (French pronunciation: [val də ɡʁas]; Hôpital d'instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce or HIA Val-de-Grâce) was a military hospital located at 74 boulevard de Port-Royal in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was closed as a hospital in 2016.
The Christ of Nanjing
The Christ Of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京的基督) is a 1995 erotic romantic drama film directed by Tony Au, starring Tony Leung Ka-fai and Yasuko Tomita.  The film is based on the work of famed Japanese novelist Akutagawa Ryunosuke.  Tomita won the award for best actress at 1995 Tokyo International Film Festival for her performance in the film.

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (芥川 龍之介, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke; Japanese pronunciation: [ɾʲɯː.no.sɯ̥.ke], 1 March 1892 – 24 July 1927), art name Chōkōdō Shujin (澄江堂主人), was a Japanese writer active in the Taishō period in Japan. He is regarded as the "father of the Japanese short story", and Japan's premier literary award, the Akutagawa Prize, is named after him. He took his own life at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital.
SS Police Regiment Bozen
Polizeiregiment "Südtirol" (Police Regiment "South Tyrol"), later Bozen, and finally SS-Polizeiregiment "Bozen", was a military unit of the German Ordnungspolizei ("Order Police") recruited in the predominantly German and Ladin-speaking Alto Adige region in north-east Italy in late 1943, during the de facto German annexation of the region. The ranks were South Tyrolean draftees while officers and NCOs were Germans.

The regiment's first and second battalions were active in Istria and Belluno respectively, while the third battalion was a reserve unit stationed in Rome. All three surrendered to Allied or partisan forces in the last days of the war. On 23 March 1944 the 11th company of its 3rd battalion was the target of the Via Rasella attack in Rome, that led to the bloody German retaliation known as the Ardeatine massacre.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Sir William Parsons, 2nd Baronet
Sir William Parsons, 2nd Baronet (8 June 1661 – 17 March 1741) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Parsons was the son of Sir Laurence Parsons, 1st Baronet and Frances Savage, and succeeded to his father's baronetcy in 1698. He was the Member of Parliament for King's County in the Irish House of Commons between 1692 and 1713, and then again from 1715 until his death in 1741. He was succeeded in his title by his grandson, Laurence Parsons.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Herbert Smith (baseball)
Herbert Smith was an American baseball pitcher and right fielder in the Negro leagues. He played with the Kansas City Monarchs, St. Louis Giants, Chicago Giants, and Washington Potomacs from 1920 to 1924.

Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. After relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, the team was disbanded in 1965.
Larry Sheets
Larry Kent Sheets (born December 6, 1959) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder and designated hitter who played for the Baltimore Orioles, Detroit Tigers, and Seattle Mariners from 1984 to 1990 and 1993. He also played one season in Japan for the Yokohama Taiyo Whales in 1992.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Eadric the Wild
Eadric the Wild (or Eadric Silvaticus), also known as Wild Edric, Eadric Cild (or Child) and Edric the Forester, was an Anglo-Saxon magnate of Shropshire and Herefordshire who led English resistance to the Norman Conquest, active in 1068–70.

Ranulph de Mortimer
Ranulph I de Mortimer (Ralf, Ralph, Raoul de Mortemer) (born before c. 1070–died in/after 1104) was a Marcher Lord from the Montgomery lands in the Welsh Marches (border lands between Wales and England). In England, he was Lord of Wigmore in Herefordshire. In Normandy, he was the Seigneur of St. Victor-en-Caux. Ranulph was the founder of the English House of Mortimer of Wigmore. He acquired Wigmore Castle after William Fitz Osbern's son Roger de Breteuil joined the Revolt of the Earls of 1075. His lands and holdings in Herefordshire and Shropshire were granted to him by William the Conqueror before 1086.
Demographics of Chile
Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining birth rate. By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people, at which point it is projected to either stagnate or begin declining. About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in Greater Santiago alone. The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6 million people, Greater Concepción with 861,000 and Greater Valparaíso with 824,000.

According to the 2024 Census, the population of Chile was 18,480,432, meaning a growth of 5.2% since the 2017 Census, however, since the 2024 was a de jure census, growth between 2017 and 2024 can differ, according to the Chilean National Institute of Statistics, comparing both census by de jure results, the population growth between both censuses was 6.7%.

Greater Valparaíso
Greater Valparaíso (Gran Valparaíso) is the third largest metropolitan area in Chile, after the Greater Concepción and Greater Santiago. It takes this name after the city of Valparaíso, the oldest city of the group and the most important harbour in Chile. Its total population is 979,127 at the 2012 census, with an area of 401.6 square kilometers.
Karin Randoja
Karin Randoja is a Canadian theatre director and dramaturge. A partner with Anna Chatterton and Evalyn Parry in the theatre collective Independent Aunties, she is most noted for her work on the play Gertrude and Alice, which was a shortlisted finalist for the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding New Play in 2016 and for the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.

Dramaturge
A dramaturge or dramaturg (from Ancient Greek δραματουργός – dramatourgós) is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults authors, and does public relations work. Its modern-day function was originated by the innovations of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, an 18th-century German playwright, philosopher, and theatre theorist.
Elanda
Elanda (Russian: Еланда; Altay: Јыланду, Ĵılandu) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chemalskoye Rural Settlement of Chemalsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 154 as of 2016. There are 2 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.