hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheldon Goldman
Sheldon Goldman (born September 18, 1939) is a Distinguished Professor emeritus of political science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the author of Picking Federal Judges (1997, 1999) and The Federal Courts as a Political System, (3rd ed., 1985).  He also has written other works and numerous articles in professional journals including American Political Science Review, Journal of Politics, and Judicature and chapters in books. He is chair of the Law and Courts Section of the American Political Science Association, 2000–2001; and a member of the Editorial Board, Law & Politics Book Review, 1994–1997; American Political Science Review, 1981–1985, and American Journal of Political Science, 1979–1982.

Goldman received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Law and Courts Section of the American Political Science Association in 2006.

He graduated from New York University (BA) and Harvard University (MA, PhD).

The Journal of Politics
The Journal of Politics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of political science established in 1939 and published quarterly (February, May, August and November) by University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Southern Political Science Association. It is widely considered one of the top 3 journals in political science.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 3.8.
Death and state funeral of Manoj Kumar
The Indian actor Manoj Kumar died on 4 April 2025, following a prolonged illness. He was 87 years old and widely revered for his contribution to Indian cinema, particularly for his patriotic roles that earned him the nickname Bharat Kumar. The Indian government accorded him a full state funeral on 5 April 2025, marking his significance in national culture.

Manoj Kumar
Harikrishan Giri Goswami, professionally known as Manoj Kumar (24 July 1937 – 4 April 2025), was an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, lyricist and editor who worked in Hindi cinema. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most accomplished actors of Indian cinema. He is noted for his acting in patriotism-themed films. In a career spanning over four decades, he worked in 55 films.

Kumar was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1992 and Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2015 by the Government of India for his contribution to Indian cinema and arts. He was also the recipient of a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards.
Lucy Street
Lucy Street was a Swedish pop group that consisted of Johanna Lidén, Karolina Dahlman and Malin Sjöquist, formed in 1999. In 2000, the group scored a hit with their debut single, "Girl Next Door".

Their self-titled debut album was also released that same year by Epic Records, and had two other singles, “Loves Me, Love Me Not” and “2 Minutes Too Late”.

In 2001, the group recorded a version of the song White Horses, originally recorded by Jackie Lee (Irish singer) for the soundtrack of the film Me Without You (film) before they eventually disbanded.

Me Without You (film)
Me Without You is a 2001 British film starring Anna Friel, Michelle Williams, and Oliver Milburn, and written and directed by Sandra Goldbacher.

The film follows the troubled relationship between two girls as they grow up. Stephen Holden of The New York Times called it "psychologically savvy ... story of a toxic friendship, established in early childhood, whose poisons continue to circulate and infect both well into their adult lives."
Cow hitch
The cow hitch, also called the lark's head, is a hitch knot used to attach a rope to an object.  The cow hitch comprises a pair of single hitches tied in opposing directions, as compared to the clove hitch in which the single hitches are tied in the same direction.  It has several variations and is known under a variety of names.  It can be tied either with the end of the rope or with a bight.

Clove hitch
The clove hitch is an ancient type of knot, made of two successive single hitches: 283  tied around an object. It is most effectively used to secure a middle section of rope to an object it crosses over,: 213  such as a line on a fencepost. It can also be used as an ordinary hitch, or as a binding knot, but it is not particularly secure in either application.: 18, 224  It is considered one of the most important knots, alongside the bowline and the sheet bend.

Although the name clove hitch is given by Falconer in his Dictionary of 1769, the knot is much older, having been tied in ratlines at least as early as the first quarter of the sixteenth century. This is shown in early sculpture and paintings. A round turn is taken with the ratline and then a hitch is added below. The forward end is always the first to be made fast.
Mechanicville Bridge
The Mechanicville Bridge (also known as the Hemstreet Park Bridge) carries New York State Route 67 across the Hudson River in New York connecting Mechanicville with Hemstreet Park in the Town of Schaghticoke. The bridge was built in 1950 as a replacement for a structure privately built as a toll bridge in 1888, and is referred to by some as the Champlain Canal Bridge.

Mechanicville, New York
Mechanicville is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 5,163 at the 2020 census, a small decrease from 5,196 in 2010. It is the smallest city by area in the state. The name is derived from the occupations of early residents.

The city is located on the eastern border of Saratoga County and is north of Albany, the state capital. Mechanicville borders the towns of Stillwater (of which it was once a part) and Halfmoon in the county, and the town of Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County.
Linköping University Hospital
Linköping University Hospital (Swedish: Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping; abbreviated US in Sweden) is a university hospital in Linköping, Sweden, operated by Östergötland County. Its scientific activities are integrated into the medical faculty (Hälsouniversitet) of Linköping University.

The hospital has all specializations except organ transplantation. Excellent areas are, for example, burn care, where the hospital together with Uppsala University Hospital is responsible for national care (rikssjukvård). It has been ranked three times as "best hospital" in Sweden by the journal Dagens Medicin, and in 2019 was listed as the third best Swedish university hospital.

The hospital has about 4,900 employees and 600 care places.

Östergötland County
Östergötland County (Swedish: Östergötlands län) is a county or län in southeastern Sweden. It has land borders with the counties of Kalmar to the southeast, Jönköping to the southwest, Örebro to the northwest, and Södermanland to the northeast. It also has a sea border with Västra Götaland to the west (across lake Vättern), and borders the Baltic Sea to the east.

Östergötland County has a population of 456,550 (September 30, 2017) and the capital and biggest city is Linköping. Linköping and neighbouring twin city Norrköping together form one of Sweden's metropolitan areas; The Linköping-Norrköping Corridor is therefore sometimes marketed as The Fourth Metropolitan Region of Sweden, the other three being Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Princess Estelle is Duchess of Östergötland.
Leader, Minnesota
Leader otherwise known as Leader area, or LA, is an unincorporated community in Cass County, Minnesota, United States, near Motley. It is along Highway 64 (MN 64) near 76th Street SW.

Leader is known regionally for its draw to outdoor enthusiasts, including the Snoway 1 trailhead, as well as its relative isolation from the nearest incorporated community.

Minnesota State Highway 64
Minnesota State Highway 64 (MN 64) is a 64.817-mile-long (104.313 km) highway in north-central Minnesota, which runs from its         
intersection with State Highway 210 in Motley and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 200 near Laporte and Kabekona.

Determined as an important alternate route to congestion-plagued Highway 371, this road has been designated a Minnesota Regional Corridor along its entire length.
A Beautiful Disaster
A Beautiful Disaster is the sixth solo studio album by American rapper JellyRoll. It was released on March 13, 2020 through Strange Music and It Goes Up. It features guest appearances from Krizz Kaliko, Lil Wyte, Struggle Jennings and Tech N9ne among others. The album debuted at number 97 on the US Billboard 200 in the United States.

Four music videos were released for the songs "Creature" with Tech N9ne and Krizz Kaliko, "I Need You", "Nothing Left at All" and "Tears Could Talk" with Bailee Ann.

Struggle Jennings
William Curtis Harness Jr. (born May 31, 1980), professionally known as Struggle Jennings, is an American rapper from Nashville, Tennessee.  Jennings was one of the original members of Yelawolf's Slumerican label roster along with Bubba Sparxxx.
1969 British Speedway Championship
The 1969 British Speedway Championship was the ninth edition of the British Speedway Championship. The final took place on 5 August 1969 at West Ham Stadium in London, England. The Championship was won by Barry Briggs.

The British Under 21 Championship was won by Graham Plant.

Graham Plant
Graham W Plant (born 15 December 1949) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England. He won the Second Division Riders Championship in 1968. He earned five international caps for the England national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain team.
Richard Compton
Richard Compton (March 2, 1938 – August 11, 2007) was an American actor, director and writer, primarily in television.

Compton had small parts as an actor in film and television series, including minor roles in two episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series. Years later, he directed an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Other directorial credits included episodes of The X-Files, Charmed, Sliders, Babylon 5 and Miami Vice, as well as the films Macon County Line and its sequel, Return to Macon County (both of which he also co-wrote).

Compton was the husband of actress Veronica Cartwright and the brother-in-law of actress Angela Cartwright.

Sliders (TV series)
Sliders is an American science-fiction and fantasy television series created by Robert K. Weiss and Tracy Tormé. It was broadcast for five seasons between 1995 and 2000. The series follows a group of travelers as they use a wormhole to "slide" between parallel universes. Weiss, Tormé, Leslie Belzberg, John Landis, David Peckinpah, Bill Dial, and Alan Barnette served as executive producers at different times of the production. For its first two seasons, it was produced in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California, in the last three seasons.

The first three seasons were broadcast by Fox. After being canceled by Fox, the series moved to Sci-Fi Channel for its final two seasons. The final episode was shown in February 2000.
Tom Johnson (golfer)
Thomas Francis Johnson (born August 19, 1981) is an American professional golfer.

Johnson was born in Sacramento, California.  He turned professional in 2004 after graduating from Northwestern University with a degree in Communication Studies.

Northern California PGA Championship
The Northern California PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Northern California section of the PGA of America.  Mark Fry, long-time pro at Sequoyah Country Club in Oakland, California, holds the record for most victories with 10. Tony Lema, British Open winner in 1964 and 12-time PGA Tour winner, won three consecutive Northern California PGA championships from 1962–64. Other PGA Tour winners who were also victorious in the Northern California PGA Championship include Bob Lunn (six-time PGA tour winner), Dick Lotz (three-time PGA tour winner), Bruce Summerhays (three-time PGA tour winner, Bob Wynn, and John McMullin.
Leslie Maygar
Lieutenant Colonel Leslie Cecil Maygar, VC, DSO, VD (27 May 1868 – 1 November 1917) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was awarded the VC for facilitating the rescue of a dismounted man while under severe rifle fire in 1902 during the Second Boer War. He later served at Gallipoli during the First World War, and died of wounds after being strafed during the Battle of Beersheba as part of the Sinai and Palestine campaign.

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was established in 1899 as recognition for long and meritorious service as a part-time commissioned officer in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates. It superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies in all these territories, but not in the Indian Empire.

In 1930, the decoration, along with the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration, were superseded by the Efficiency Decoration in an effort to standardise recognition across the British Empire.
John Stoddart (stage designer)
John Stoddart (born 1937) is an Australian opera stage designer. Born in Sydney, he began his career as an architect. On his first British commission in 1967, he designed the stage for Anthony Besch's production of Così fan tutte at the Scottish Opera, where he continued to work. In 2000 he collaborated with John Cox to stage Capriccio at the Sydney Opera House during the 2000 Summer Olympics. Aside from Capriccio, with Opera Australia he has designed the sets for The Magic Flute, Ariadne auf Naxos, Patience, The Beggar's Opera, Die Fledermaus, Les Huguenots, Don Carlos, A Streetcar Named Desire, Of Mice and Men, and Die tote Stadt.

Scottish Opera
Scottish Opera is the national opera company of Scotland, and one of the five national performing arts companies of Scotland. Founded in 1962 and based in Glasgow, it is the largest performing arts organisation in Scotland.
Results of the 1894 New South Wales colonial election
The 1894 New South Wales colonial election was for 125 electoral districts, with each district returning one member. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. There were three significant changes from the 1891 election, the abolition of multi-member constituencies, the abolition of plural voting where an elector had property or residence in more than one electorate and that polls for every district were held on the same day. The number of seats was reduced from 141 to 125. In this election, in 74 electorates the winning candidate received less than 50% of the votes, while 1 was uncontested. The average number of enrolled voters per electorate was 2,046, ranging from Lismore (1,360) to Marrickville (2,924).

Electoral district of Lismore
Lismore is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Janelle Saffin of the Labor Party.

The electoral district includes all of the City of Lismore (including Lismore, Lindendale, Nimbin, Dunoon and Clunes), much of inland Tweed Shire (including Murwillumbah, Tyalgum and Uki), all of Kyogle Council (including Kyogle, Bonalbo, Tabulam and Woodenbong) and all of Tenterfield Shire. (including Tenterfield, Drake, Jennings, Liston, Legume, Torrington and Urbenville)
Homer Brewing Company
The Homer Brewing Company is a brewery in Homer, Alaska, near the southern end of the Kenai Peninsula. It was founded on September 21, 1996. The brewery specializes in unfiltered, unpasteurized, cask-conditioned beers.  Their beers are available in 64 US fl oz (1,900 ml) growlers, 20 US fl oz (590 ml) bottles and on tap in many local establishments.

Along with a winery, and Grace Ridge Brewing Co., it serves a town with a 2010 population of 5,003 people.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").
Troitse-Gledensky Monastery
Troitse-Gledensky Monastery (Russian: Троице-Гледенский монастырь) is a former Russian Orthodox monastery founded in the 12th century. The monastery is located in the village of Morozovitsa of Velikoustyugsky District in the north-east of Vologda Oblast, at the confluence of the Sukhona and the Yug Rivers, close to the town of Veliky Ustyug. The monastery ensemble currently belongs to Velikoustyugsky Museum of History, Art, and Architecture.

Sukhona
The Sukhona (Russian: Су́хона) is a river in the European part of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is 558 kilometres (347 mi) long, and the area of its basin 50,300 square kilometres (19,400 sq mi). The Sukhona joins the Yug near the town of Veliky Ustyug, forming the Northern Dvina, one of the biggest rivers of European Russia.

The biggest tributaries of the Sukhona are the Vologda (right), the Lezha (right), the Pelshma (left), the Dvinitsa (left), the Tolshma (right), the Tsaryova (left), the Uftyuga (left), and the Gorodishna (right).
2016 Armenian Cup final
The 2016 Armenian Cup final was the 25th Armenian Cup Final, and the final match of the 2015–16 Armenian Cup. It was played at the Republican Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia, on 4 May 2016, and was contested by Banants and Mika.

It was both Banants and Mika's eighth cup final appearance, with Mika suffering defeat in the previous years final to Pyunik, with Banants last appearance coming in 2010 and also ending in defeat to Pyunik. Banants won 2–0, with both goals coming in the first-half, thanks to a Laércio penalty and a Atsamaz Burayev strike.

FC Urartu
Football Club Urartu (Armenian: Ուրարտու Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ, translated Futbolayin Akumb Urartu), commonly known as Urartu, is an Armenian professional football team based in the capital Yerevan that currently plays in the Armenian Premier League. The club won the Armenian Cup four times, in 1992, 2007, 2016, and 2023. In 2013–2014, they won the Armenian Premier League for the first time in their history.

In early 2016, the Russia-based Armenian businessman Dzhevan Cheloyants became a co-owner of the club after purchasing the major part of the club shares. The club was known as FC Banants until 1 August 2019, when it was officially renamed FC Urartu.
Basti Maluk
Basti Malook (Urdu: بستی ملوک) is a town in the Multan District, Punjab, Pakistan. Basti Malook, its localities and sub-towns comprise a population of around 20,000. It is located at 29°51′16″N 71°32′11″E﻿ / ﻿29.85444°N 71.53639°E﻿ / 29.85444; 71.53639 and an altitude of 119 meters.

Basti Malook is situated 35 km south of Multan. Dunyapur is located to its east, and Shujabad to its west, well known for its mangoes. To its south is the settlement of Makhdoom Aali. This place is known for its Sohan Halwa.

Dunyapur
Dunyapur is a city in Lodhran District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of the district capital, also called Lodhran, on Bahawalpur road. The city of Dunyapur is the headquarters of the Dunyapur Tehsil. As of 2017, the city's population is 41,554. Major castes are Khawaja, Malik, Chohan, Rao, Awan, Arain, Gujjar, Jutt and Rajpoot.
Taylor Hobson
Taylor Hobson is an English company founded in 1886 and located in Leicester, England. Originally a manufacturer of still camera and cine lenses, the company now manufactures precision metrology instruments—in particular, profilometers for the analysis of surface textures and forms.

Taylor Hobson is now part of Ametek's Ultra Precision Technologies Group.

Profilometer
A profilometer is a measuring instrument used to measure a surface's profile, in order to quantify its roughness. Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography.

While the historical notion of a profilometer was a device similar to a phonograph that measures a surface as the surface is moved relative to the contact profilometer's stylus, this notion is changing with the emergence of numerous non-contact profilometry techniques.

Non-scanning technologies measure the surface topography within a single camera acquisition, XYZ scanning is no longer needed. As a consequence, dynamic changes of topography are measured in real-time. Contemporary profilometers are not only measuring static topography, but now also dynamic topography – such systems are described as time-resolved profilometers.
Hjalteyri
Hjalteyri (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈçal̥tˌeiːrɪ]) is a tiny fishing village in northern Iceland in the Norðurland eystra region.

Hjalteyri has 43 inhabitants and was the largest settlement in the former municipality of Arnarneshreppur before it merged to become part of Hörgársveit. Hjalteyri is on the west bank of the Eyjafjörður fjord and is one of the major fishing ports in the region. The company Fiskey originally started operations in Hjalteyri.

Hjalteyri is well known because of the large herring meal and oil processing factory that the company Kveldúlfur h.f. built there in 1937. The factory was the largest herring processing factory of its kind in Iceland at this time. The factory was operated until 1966 or for 29 years.

Fish drying at Hjalteyri

Northeastern Region (Iceland)
Northeastern Region (Icelandic: Norðurland eystra, pronounced [ˈnɔrðʏrˌlant ˈeistra] ⓘ) is one of the traditional eight regions of Iceland, located in the north of the island. The biggest town in the region is Akureyri, with a population of 19,542 in 2024.
Silent Family
Silent Family is a German aircraft manufacturer based in Westerrade and owned by Helmut Grossklaus. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes.

The company's first product, the Silent Glider M is described as "very original" by Bertrand et al. It takes a rigid wing hang glider and adds a pod fuselage, with a bubble canopy to transform the aircraft into an enclosed cockpit, retractable landing gear-equipped ultralight motor glider.

The Silent Racer is a similar concept, but an open-cockpit, powered podded fuselage that uses a conventional flexible hang glider wing.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
National Swedish War Materials Inspectorate
The National Swedish War Materials Inspectorate (Swedish: Krigsmaterielinspektionen, KMI), was a Swedish government agency established in 1935 and existing until 1 February 1996. It was merged with the strategic export control activities in the Swedish Government Offices and formed National Inspectorate of Strategic Products. KMI was not an independent agency but was originally included in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and later in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs' Department of Trade.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: Utrikesdepartementet, UD) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to foreign policy, democracy, human rights, international development cooperation and foreign trade.

The ministry is currently headed by the minister for foreign affairs, Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.