hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TOI-1136
TOI-1136 is a G-type main-sequence star 276 light-years (85 parsecs) away in the constellation Draco. It is slightly smaller than the Sun and similar in mass and temperature, but is much younger, with an age of about 700 million years. It hosts a system of at least six, and possibly seven, exoplanets.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
Wendy Adams
Wendy K. Adams is an American physics educator. She is known for her work on interactive educational simulations of physics including the PhET Interactive Simulations project, on the effectiveness of peer discussions on conceptual understanding of physics, on measurement of student beliefs about physical concepts, on public beliefs about what it is like to be a physics teacher, and on other aspects of physics education. She is a research professor of physics in the Colorado School of Mines and the Executive Director of Get the Facts Out , a national multi-society effort to repair the reputation of the teaching profession.

Physics education
Physics education or physics teaching refers to the education methods currently used to teach physics. The occupation is called physics educator or physics teacher. Physics education research refers to an area of pedagogical research that seeks to improve those methods. Historically, physics has been taught at the high school and college level primarily by the lecture method together with laboratory exercises aimed at verifying concepts taught in the lectures. These concepts are better understood when lectures are accompanied with demonstration, hand-on experiments, and questions that require students to ponder what will happen in an experiment and why. Students who participate in active learning for example with hands-on experiments learn through self-discovery. By trial and error they learn to change their preconceptions about phenomena in physics and discover the underlying concepts. Physics education is part of the broader area of science education.
Billion Dollar Brain
Billion Dollar Brain is a 1967 British espionage film directed by Ken Russell and based on the 1966 novel Billion-Dollar Brain by Len Deighton. The film features Michael Caine as secret agent Harry Palmer, the anti-hero protagonist. The "brain" of the title is a sophisticated computer with which an anti-communist organisation controls its worldwide anti-Soviet spy network.

Billion Dollar Brain is the third of the Harry Palmer film series, preceded by The Ipcress File (1965) and Funeral in Berlin (1966). It is the only film in which Ken Russell worked as a mainstream 'director-for-hire', and the last film of Françoise Dorléac. A fourth film in the series, an adaptation of Horse Under Water, also to be released by United Artists, was tentatively planned but never made. Caine played Palmer in two later films, Bullet to Beijing and Midnight in Saint Petersburg.

Anti-Sovietism
Anti-Sovietism or anti-Soviet sentiment are activities that were actually or allegedly aimed against the Soviet Union or government power within the Soviet Union.

Three common uses of the term include the following:

Anti-Soviet opponents of the Bolsheviks shortly after the Russian Revolution and during the Russian Civil War.

Anti-Sovietism in international politics, such as the Western opposition to the Soviet Union during the Cold War as part of broader anti-communism.

Soviet citizens (allegedly or actually) involved in anti-government activities.
Hypsopygia rubidalis
Hypsopygia rubidalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Hypsopygia. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found from Spain and France to Russia.

The wingspan is about 25 mm.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
KAZM
KAZM 780 AM and 106.5 FM is a full-service radio station in Sedona, Arizona, United States. Transition of Ownership to Cutter Grind Broadcasting LLC. was initiated in September 2023 and was owned prior for nearly 50 years by Tabback Broadcasting Co.

KAZM's skywave signal has been received in Green River, Wyoming, and Salt Lake City, Utah. KAZM can be received across most of northern Arizona during the day, and can be heard in Phoenix under the right conditions.

KAZM is a Class D station broadcasting on the clear-channel frequency of 780 kHz.  WBBM in Chicago is the dominant Class A station on this frequency within the lower 48 states.  KNOM in Nome, Alaska is also a Class A station.

Sedona, Arizona
Sedona (/sɪˈdoʊnə/ si-DOH-nə) is a city that straddles the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, Sedona had a population of 9,684. The city is within the Coconino National Forest.

Sedona's main attraction is its array of pink sandstone formations. The formations appear to glow in pink when illuminated by the rising or setting sun. The pink rocks form a popular backdrop for many activities, ranging from spiritual pursuits to the hundreds of hiking and mountain biking trails.

Sedona was named after Sedona Schnebly, whose husband, Theodore Carlton Schnebly, was the city's first postmaster. She was celebrated for her hospitality and industriousness. Her mother, Amanda Miller, claimed to have made the name up because "it sounded pretty".
Diaporthe perniciosa
Diaporthe perniciosa a species of fungus in the family Diaporthaceae. It is a plant pathogen.

The names Phoma prunorum Cooke, Phomopsis prunorum (Cooke) Grove, and Phomopsis mali Roberts have been used for its asexual (anamorph) form.

It causes bark cankers on trees in the genera Malus (apples), Pyrus (pears) and Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches and other similar fruits). It has also been implicated in dieback disease of plums. One study in the late 1980s was able to isolate the fungus from several trees with die-back symptoms but inoculation of healthy trees with the fungus did not result in disease.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
James M. Tuttle
James Madison Tuttle (September 24, 1823 – October 24, 1892) was a soldier, businessman, and politician from the state of Iowa who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He commanded a brigade and then a division in the Army of the Tennessee in several campaigns in the Western Theater of operations. He led the first Union troops that entered the enemy-held Fort Donelson in 1862, paving the way for the fort's subsequent surrender to Ulysses S. Grant and opening the Cumberland River as an avenue of invasion of the South.

Fort Donelson
Fort Donelson was a fortress built early in 1862 by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to control the Cumberland River, which led to the heart of Tennessee, and thereby the Confederacy. The fort was named after Confederate general Daniel S. Donelson.

The Union Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant, who later became president, captured the fort in February 1862 from the Confederate Army in the Battle of Fort Donelson. This was a great strategic victory for the Union forces, and part of Grant's campaign to gain control of the Mississippi River. Union forces occupied the fort (and much of Tennessee) for the remainder of the war. A small detachment of Confederate troops made one unsuccessful attempt in 1863 to regain it.
Karl Renner Haus
The Karl Renner Haus is a former mountain hut and now a sport hotel in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria. It lies in the upper Saalach valley (Land Salzburg) on the edge of Saalbach-Hinterglemm at about 1,100 m above sea level and is managed by the Friends of Nature.

Saalbach-Hinterglemm
Saalbach-Hinterglemm is a municipality in the district of Zell am See (Pinzgau region), in the Austrian state of Salzburg.  It is well known for its skiing and other winter sports. A four-piste network consisting of Saalbach, Hinterglemm, Fieberbrunn and Leogang is located in the municipality, adding up to 270 kilometres (170 mi) of ski slopes. It is short transfer to resort from Salzburg Airport.
Gary S. Scott
Gary Stevan Scott is an American film composer who has contributed music to over forty movies, TV shows, and television movies, beginning with the 1981 horror movie Final Exam. He has also worked a record producer, an arranger, musical director, and conductor. He has received five BMI Cable Awards for his work on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, The Suite Life on Deck, and Beverly Hills 90210.

Final Exam (1981 film)
Final Exam is a 1981 American slasher film written and directed by Jimmy Huston. Starring Cecile Bagdadi and Joel S. Rice, the plot follows a nameless killer stalking the remaining group of students left on a college campus days before the beginning of summer vacation.

Filmed in North Carolina and South Carolina with a cast of largely Los Angeles-based actors, Final Exam was released by Motion Picture Marketing on February 27, 1981, to mixed reviews.
Artaius
Artaius is a Celtic epithet applied to the Roman god Mercury during the Romano-Celtic period. It is known from a single inscription from Beaucroissant in the Isère:

MERCVRIO
AVG ARTAIO
SACR
SEX GEMINIVS
CVPITVS
EX VOTO

"To the august Mercury Artaius, Sextus Geminius Cupitus (has dedicated this) sacred (stone) in fulfillment of a vow."

In Gaulish, the word artos means ‘bear’, and artaios would have been a derivative (meaning something like ‘ursine’). Miranda Green considers Mercury Artaius to have been a bear-god. It is also possible that Artaius is derived from a place name (so that, as an "Artaian Mercury", he would only indirectly have any association with bears). Based on the inscription found at Beaucroissant, Auguste Longnon surmised that the location was once called Artay; there is a similarly named town, Artaix, in Saône-et-Loire.

Beaucroissant
Beaucroissant (French pronunciation: [bokʁwasˈɑ̃]) is a commune in the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Manants or Manantes.
Sergio De Luca
Sergio De Luca (born September 8, 1982) is a Canadian professional soccer coach and former player.

De Luca began his career abroad in Europe, before returning to North America where he had several stints in the USL A-League, Canadian Professional Soccer League and USL Premier Development League. He would later return to Europe to have stints in Hungary, Norway, and Germany before concluding his career primarily in the Canadian Soccer League.

Canadian Soccer League championship final
The Canadian Soccer League championship final, or CSL Championship, is the post-season match of the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) and is the successor to the CNSL Championship. The winner is crowned champion as in other North American sports leagues (i.e. via a playoff following a regular season). This differs from other top soccer leagues, which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the sole champion. It is a Non-FIFA championship match that was previously sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) but is now affiliated with the Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).

The league hosted its inaugural championship on October 14, 1998. The CSL Championship is traditionally held in early October. Toronto Croatia is the most successful team, winning a record sixth cup in 2015.

Throughout its history, the championship has had several title sponsors, from the Primus Cup in 2000, the Rogers Cup from 2001 to 2009, and the Givova Cup from 2010 onwards.
Selbu Church
Selbu Church (Norwegian: Selbu kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Selbu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Mebonden. It is one of the churches for the Selbu parish which is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The church seats about 550 people. The white, stone church was built in a cruciform style around the year 1150 under designs by an unknown architect.

Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.
Buff striped keelback
The buff striped keelback (Amphiesma stolatum) is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake found across Asia.  It is a typically non-aggressive snake that feeds on frogs and toads. It belongs to the subfamily Natricinae, and is closely related to water snakes and grass snakes. It resembles an Asian version of the American garter snake. It is quite a common snake but is rarely seen.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Tibor Poór
Tibor Poór (born 19 November 1914; date of death unknown) was a Hungarian canoeist who competed in the late 1930s. He finished 12th in the folding K-2 10000 m event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Toy and Plastic Brick Museum
Toy and Plastic Brick Museum is located in Bellaire, Ohio. The museum has been known as the "Unofficial LEGO(r) Museum" and "The Plastic Brick Store, INC."  The museum is host to an extensive private collection of LEGO, as well as works by brick artists Jason Burik, Eric Harshbarger, Brian Korte, and Nathan Sawaya.  Toy and Plastic Brick Museum showcases the Guinness Book of World Records "World's largest LEGO image (mosaic) designed by Brian Korte of Brickworkz LLC and built as an installation by museum staff and ~250 children, where it remains for public display.

Bellaire, Ohio
Bellaire is a village in Belmont County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,870 at the 2020 census, having peaked in 1920. It is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.

The Bellaire Bridge (now abandoned and closed) was filmed in the 1991 motion picture The Silence of the Lambs. The curved railroad viaduct and bridge over the Ohio, the B & O Railroad Viaduct, were featured in the 2010 film Unstoppable and is a registered historic structure.
The Lord Protector: The Riddle of the Chosen
The Lord Protector: The Riddle of the Chosen is a 1996 fantasy film starring Patrick Cassidy and directed by Ryan Carroll. The film was released under the alternate title The Dark Mist.

Comedy podcast RiffTrax (Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy) recorded and released a riff in 2025.

Michael J. Nelson
Michael John Nelson (born October 11, 1964) is an American comedian and writer, most known for his work on the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K). Nelson was the head writer of the series for most of the show's original eleven-year run, and spent half of that time as the on-air host, also named Mike Nelson. In addition to writing books, Nelson is currently part of the online movie riffing site RiffTrax, and was previously part of the straight-to-DVD Film Crew with fellow MST3K alumni, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy.
Vernonia
Vernonia is a genus of about 350 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species of this genus are known as ironweeds. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. There have been numerous distinct subgenera and subsections named in this genus, and some botanists have divided the genus into several distinct genera. For instance, the Flora of North America recognizes only about twenty species in Vernonia sensu stricto, seventeen of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the others being found in South America.

Flora of North America
The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants and naturalized plants of North America, including the United States, Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland. It includes bryophytes and vascular plants. All taxa are described and included in dichotomous keys, distributions of all species and infraspecific taxa are mapped, and about 20% of species are illustrated with line drawings prepared specifically for FNA. It is expected to fill 30 volumes when completed and will be the first work to treat all of the known flora north of Mexico; in 2015 it was expected that the series would conclude in 2017. Twenty-four of the volumes have been published as of 2024.

Soon after publication, the contents are made available online.

FNA is a collaboration of about 1,000 authors, artists, reviewers, and editors from throughout the world.
0-6-6-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 0-6-6-0 wheel arrangement refers to a locomotive with two engine units mounted under a rigid locomotive frame, with the front engine unit pivoting and each engine unit with six coupled driving wheels without any leading or trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was mostly used to describe Mallet locomotive types and in some occasions, Double Fairlie locomotives.

A similar wheel arrangement exists for Double Fairlie, Meyer, Kitson-Meyer and Garratt locomotives, but on these types it is referred to as 0-6-0+0-6-0 since both engine units are pivoting.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Sironidae
The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.

The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.

Laurasia
Laurasia (/lɔːˈreɪʒə, -ʃə/) was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around 335 to 175 million years ago (Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana 215 to 175 Mya (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pangaea, drifting further north after the split and finally broke apart with the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean c. 56 Mya. The name is a portmanteau of Laurentia and Eurasia.

Laurentia, Avalonia, Baltica, and a series of smaller terranes, collided in the Caledonian orogeny c. 400 Mya to form Laurussia. Laurussia then collided with Gondwana to form Pangaea.  Kazakhstania and Siberia were then added to Pangaea 290–300 Mya to form Laurasia.  Laurasia finally became an independent continental mass when Pangaea broke up into Gondwana and Laurasia.
Vlkoš (Hodonín District)
Vlkoš is a municipality and village in Hodonín District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Vlkoš lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Hodonín, 47 km (29 mi) south-east of Brno, and 233 km (145 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Godyris zavaleta
Godyris zavaleta, the Zavaleta glasswing, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Costa Rica to southern Peru. The habitat consists of lowland and mid-elevation rainforests at altitudes up to 900 meters.

Adults visit the flowers of Epidendrum panniculatum. Adult males sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium, Tournefourtia, Myosotis, Eupatorium, Neomiranda and Senecio species, making the species toxic to deter predation by birds.

The larvae feed on Solanum species (including S. brenesii), but have also been recorded feeding on Cestrum nocturnum.

Myosotis
Myosotis (/ˌmaɪəˈsoʊtɪs/ MY-ə-SOH-tiss) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae.  In the Northern Hemisphere, they are colloquially known as forget-me-nots or scorpion grasses. The forget-me-not is the official flower of Alaska and Dalsland, Sweden.

The name comes from the Ancient Greek μυοσωτίς "mouse's ear", which the foliage is thought to resemble. Plants of the genus are not to be confused with the related genus Myosotidium and its sole species Myosotidium hortensia found in the  Chatham Islands.
Jai Pal Mittal
Jai Pal Mittal (born 21 September 1940) is an Indian scientist, DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Distinguished Professor of Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, the National Academy of Sciences, India and the University of Pune. He is known for his researches in the fields of photochemistry and radiation chemistry. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.

Radiation chemistry
Radiation chemistry is a subdivision of nuclear chemistry which studies the chemical effects of ionizing radiation on matter. This is quite different from radiochemistry, as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation. An example is the conversion of water into hydrogen gas and hydrogen peroxide.