hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Kawthar
Al-Kawthar (Arabic: الكوثر, lit. 'Abundance') is the 108th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It is the shortest chapter, consisting of three ayat or verses:

۝ Verily, We have granted you abundance.

۝ So pray to your Lord and sacrifice [to Him alone].

۝ Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off.

There are several opinions regarding its timing and contextual background of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl). According to Ibn Ishaq, it is an early Meccan surah, revealed in Mecca.

The word Kawthar is derived from the triliteral root ك - ث - ر (k - th - r), meaning "to increase, to be plentiful, abundance." It appears in the Qur'an solely in this sūrah.

Ibn Ishaq
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar al-Muttalibi (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱلله مُحَمَّد ٱبْن إِسْحَاق ٱبْن يَسَار ٱلْمُطَّلِبيّ, romanized: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʾIsḥāq ibn Yasār al-Muṭṭalibī; circa.699-768, known simply as Ibn Ishaq, was an 8th-century Muslim historian and hagiographer who collected oral traditions that formed the basis of an important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His biography is known as the Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, and it has mainly survived through several recensions.
Solar eclipse of September 30, 1913
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 30, 1913, with a magnitude of 0.8252. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southern Africa and Antarctica.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Pseudopostega abrupta
Pseudopostega abrupta is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is endemic to the West Indies, where it has been found on Guana Island and St. Thomas.

The length of the forewings is 2.5–3 mm. Adults are mostly white. Adults have been collected in March, July, October and November.

Opostegidae
Opostegidae or "white eyecap moths" is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera that is characterised by particularly large eyecaps over the compound eyes (see also Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae, Lyonetiidae). Opostegidae are most diverse in the New World tropics (83 described species, representing 42% of the world total).

These small, whitish moths are probably miners in plant stems. Examples of host plants used in Europe are Lycopus, Mentha and Rumex, but their biology is poorly known. The subfamily Oposteginae comprises 87 described species and Opostegoidinae includes 15 described species.
Treaty of Copenhagen (1670)
The Treaty of Copenhagen or Treaty of 1670 was a treaty of commerce and alliance signed on 11 July 1670, between King Christian V of Denmark and of Norway and King Charles II of England and of Scots. It was written in Latin. It was expanded the next day, 12 July 1670, with the Third Article concerning contraband amended and clarified by a declaration in French signed at Copenhagen on 4 July 1780. The terms of the treaty were later reaffirmed by the Treaty of Kiel, following the defeat of Denmark-Norway during the Napoleonic Wars.

Among the treaty's principal effects was the security it provided for the resumption of the Danish colony on Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands, which had previously been dispersed following repeated assaults by English privateers.

Christian V of Denmark
Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699.

Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway. Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service.

As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles. He was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark, partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice).
Kafta Sheraro National Park
Kafta Humera National Park (Tigrinya: ብሄራዊ ፓርክ ቃፍታ ሑሞራ; Amharic: የቃፍታ ሁመራ ብሔራዊ ፓርክ) is a national park in Amhara. Kafta Humera National Park is the only national park that borders Tigrai and one of the few highly bio-diversified parks in East Africa. It was only in 2007 that it got formal recognition as a national park. It was governed by the Ethiopia Wildlife Conservation Authority.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
47 Aquarii
47 Aquarii, abbreviated 47 Aqr, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. 47 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye in good seeing conditions, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.135. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 18.0 mas, it is located 181 light years away. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction of 0.088 due to interstellar dust. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +48 km/s.

This is an evolved giant star currently on the red giant branch with a stellar classification of K0 III. The star has 1.35 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 7.86 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 30 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,750 K.

Red-giant branch
The red-giant branch (RGB), sometimes called the first giant branch, is the portion of the giant branch before helium ignition occurs in the course of stellar evolution. It is a stage that follows the main sequence for low- to intermediate-mass stars. Red-giant-branch stars have an inert helium core surrounded by a shell of hydrogen fusing via the CNO cycle. They are K- and M-class but much larger and more luminous than main-sequence stars of the same temperature.
Sail sign of the chest
On a chest X-ray, the sail sign is a radiologic sign that suggests left lower lobe collapse. In children, however, a sail sign could be normal, reflecting the shadow of the thymus.

The thymic sail sign or spinnaker-sail sign is due to elevation of the thymic lobes in the setting of pneumomediastinum.

Pneumomediastinum
Pneumomediastinum (from Greek pneuma – "air", also known as mediastinal emphysema) is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the mediastinum, the central part of the chest cavity. First described in 1819 by René Laennec, the condition can result from physical trauma or other situations that lead to air escaping from the lungs, airways, or bowel into the chest cavity. In underwater divers it is usually the result of pulmonary barotrauma.
Banloc
Banloc (Hungarian: Bánlak; German: Banlok; Banat Swabian: Paanlack; Serbian: Банлог, romanized: Banlog) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Banloc (commune seat), Ofsenița, Partoș and Soca.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Caspian whipsnake
The Caspian whipsnake (Dolichophis caspius, sometimes also Coluber caspius) also known as the large whipsnake (among various other species in genus Dolichophis/Coluber), is a common species of whipsnake found in the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe.

Eastern racer
The eastern racer, or North American racer (Coluber constrictor), is a species of nonvenomous snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to North America and Central America. Eleven subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognized, which as a group are commonly referred to as the eastern racers. The species is monotypic in the genus Coluber.
Ravishankar Raval
Ravishankar Raval (1892–1977) was a painter, art teacher, art critic, journalist and essayist from Gujarat, India. He worked for the magazine Vismi Sadi until it closed in 1921, and then founded the cultural magazine Kumar.

Bombay Art Society
The Bombay Art Society is a non-profit art organization based in Mumbai. The institution was founded in 1888 for encouraging and promoting art. Most of the renowned artists on India's art scene have been associated with the Bombay Art Society in some way.
Cheryl Mary Clare Hurst
Cheryl Mary Clare Hurst is an Antiguan and Barbudan politician. She is a senator of the Upper House of Parliament in Antigua and Barbuda. She was appointed senator by Prime Minister Gaston Browne. She is also the General Secretary of the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party. Hurst was appointed senator after the 2014 general elections held in Antigua and Barbuda.

In 2018, she was appointed senator after the 2018 general elections of Antigua and Barbuda. She retained this seat in 2023.

Hurst announced on 21 August 2024 that she would be stepping down from the Senate for personal reasons. She is scheduled to be replaced by Richie Richardson.

Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party
The Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party (ABLP) is a political party in Antigua and Barbuda. The current leader of the party is Gaston Browne, who serves as the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda. The party had previously been led by Lester Bird, who was chairman of the party since 1971, and was Prime Minister and political leader in 1994.
You Are So Good to Me
You Are So Good to Me is a song co-written by Waterdeep's founding vocalist, guitarist and songwriter Don Chaffer; musician, author, and head of the Blue Renaissance Creative Group, Ben Pasley; and musician, author, and interior designer Robin Pasley. It has been recorded by Christian rock bands Waterdeep, Third Day, and many others. Released as a single from Third Day's 2003 album Offerings II: All I Have to Give, it was the inaugural No. single on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart.

Hot Christian Songs
Hot Christian Songs is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. It ranks the popularity of Christian songs using the same methodology developed for the Billboard Hot 100, the magazine's flagship songs chart, by incorporating data from the sales of downloads, streaming data, and airplay across all monitored radio stations.

From its inception in June 2003 through November 2013, the Hot Christian Songs chart ranked the top songs only by overall audience impressions of songs played on contemporary Christian music radio stations. Beginning with the chart dated December 7, 2013, the chart follows the same methodology used for the Hot 100 to compile its rankings. The Christian Airplay chart was created in unison with the change to continue to monitor airplay of songs on Christian radio.

The current number-one song on the chart as of the issue dated February 28 is "Hard Fought Hallelujah" by Brandon Lake.
Station P
Station P was a British base camp at the head of Mateev Cove on the east side of Hannah Point, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica that supported survey, geology and biology field work from 29 December 1957 until 15 March 1958. The camp was occupied by a six-member team led by Hugh Simpson. The surveyed areas included parts of Byers Peninsula, Elephant Point, Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula and Hurd Peninsula.

A hut intended for erection on the site failed to reach its destination, as the ship RRS Shackleton transporting it was damaged by the ice and parts of the hut were used in the ship's repair. As a result, the plans for a more permanent British presence on the island failed to materialize.

The area was visited by early 19th century sealers frequenting nearby Johnsons Dock.

Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula
62°31′43″S 60°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿62.52861°S 60.76611°W﻿ / -62.52861; -60.76611

Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula (Bulgarian: Полуостров Йоан Павел II, romanized: Poluostrov Yoan Pavel II, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof joˈan ˈpavɛɫ ˈftɔri]) is an ice-covered peninsula on the north coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica that is bounded by Hero Bay to the east and Barclay Bay to the west. It extends 13 km in length in south–north direction and is 8 km wide. Its north extremity is formed by the ice-free Cape Shirreff, an area visited by early 19th century sealers.  The peninsula's interior is occupied by Oryahovo Heights.

The feature is named after Pope John Paul II (1920–2005) for his contribution to world peace and understanding among people.
Territorial Operations
Territorial Operations was a group of eighteen specialist Metropolitan Police units which were set up in 1986 as part of Sir Kenneth Newman's restructuring of the Metropolitan Police Service. The Territorial Operations units were designed to support the Metropolitan Police areas—while area-based policing was designed to decentralise the operations of New Scotland Yard, the TO units were intended to provide central operational and logistic support to Areas and divisional OCUs (Operational Command Units).

Kenneth Newman
Sir Kenneth Leslie Newman GBE CStJ QPM (15 August 1926 – 4 February 2017) was a senior British police officer. He was Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) from 1976 to 1980, and Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1982 to 1987. He is best known for initiating a major reform and restructure of the Metropolitan Police during his tenure as Commissioner and for seeing the RUC replace the British Army as the dominant security force in Northern Ireland during his tenure as Chief Constable.
Starship Troopers (board wargame)
Starship Troopers is a board wargame by Avalon Hill based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert A. Heinlein. It was originally released in 1976 and designed by Randall C. Reed.  Twenty years later, Avalon Hill redesigned and re-released a "movie" version (entitled Starship Troopers: Prepare for Battle!) in 1997 to coincide with the movie's release.

The game is a hexagon-based wargame for two players. The player who takes the side of Arachnids has a sheet of paper with a copy of the map-board on which he plots out his bug-hive and tunnel system. The Mobile Infantry player sends in his soldiers and tries to dig them out. A third faction, the Skinnies, starts out playing on the bug side, but switches to the human side during later scenarios.

Avalon Hill
Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes wargames and strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the company's "Hasbro Gaming" division.

Avalon Hill introduced many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming, including the use of a hexagonal grid (a.k.a. hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, and board games based upon historical events.
Maroon-fronted parrot
The maroon-fronted parrot (Rhynchopsitta terrisi) is a large, macaw-like parrot. It is dark green with a dark red shoulder and a maroon forehead and eye-stripe. Its underside of the wings and tail appear to be black when it is in flight. It makes a high, rolling cr-a ak sound. Groups sound similar to the acorn woodpecker if they are heard from a distance.

The species is endemic to northeastern Mexico, where only about 2500–3000 birds survive in the wild.

Macaw
Macaws are a group of large New World parrots that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the tribe Arini. They are popular in aviculture or as companion parrots, although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild.
Stephen Perse Foundation
The Stephen Perse Foundation is a family of private schools in Cambridge and Saffron Walden for students aged 1 to 18.

The Foundation is made up of:

Three nurseries (two in Cambridge and one in Saffron Walden, Essex) for ages 1–5

Two junior schools (Rosedale House, Cambridge and Dame Bradbury's, Saffron Walden) for ages 5–11

One senior school for ages 11–16

The Stephen Perse Sixth Form, for students aged 16–18

In 2018, the Cambridge Centre for Sixth Form Studies joined the Stephen Perse Sixth Form. The Foundation is a registered charity under English law.

Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Little Walden and Audley End. At the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 16,610, and the parish had a population of 17,022.
Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Elmer Gainer
Elmer R. Gainer (November 22, 1918 – September 29, 1970) was an American professional basketball player. Gainer played college basketball for the DePaul Blue Demons, and was selected in the 1947 BAA draft by the Baltimore Bullets. He played for the Bullets and Waterloo Hawks in the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He had previously played in the National Basketball League with several teams.

Baltimore Bullets (1944–1954)
The Baltimore Bullets were a professional basketball team based in Baltimore. The Bullets competed in the American Basketball League (1944–1947), the Basketball Association of America (1947–1949), and (following the BAA's merger with the National Basketball League) the National Basketball Association (1949–1954). On November 27, 1954, the team folded with a 3–11 record on the season, making the Bullets the last NBA franchise to fold. Out of all defunct NBA teams, the Bullets were members of the association for the longest time and the only defunct team to win a championship.

The Bullets name was revived in 1963, when the former Chicago Zephyrs relocated to Baltimore; even after these Bullets relocated to Washington in 1973, they kept their name for 24 more years until they were renamed the Wizards.
Swedish Act of Succession
The 1810 Act of Succession (Swedish: 1810 års successionsordning, lit. 'the 1810 order of succession') is one of four Fundamental Laws of the Realm (rikets grundlagar) and thus forms part of the Swedish Constitution. The Act regulates the line of succession to the Swedish throne and the conditions which eligible members of the Swedish royal family must abide by in order to remain in it.

It was jointly adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, convened in Örebro on 26 September 1810, and Charles XIII, as a logical consequence following the election on 21 August of Jean Baptiste Bernadotte as Crown Prince.

The actual contents of the Act, save the solemn preamble, has been thoroughly rewritten over the years: the most notable change occurred in 1980 when the core principle of agnatic primogeniture (male succession only) was changed in favor of absolute primogeniture (eldest child regardless of sex).

Preamble
A preamble (from Latin  preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.  When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.  It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In the American context of parliamentary procedure, according to Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.
Scarratt
Scarratt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billy Scarratt (1878–1958), English football player

Emily Scarratt (born 1990), English rugby player

Graeme Scarratt (born 1945), English cricketer

Jimmy Scarratt (1868–1933), English football player

Kenneth Scarratt (born 1948), British gemologist

Emily Scarratt
Emily Beth Scarratt MBE (born 8 February 1990) is a retired English rugby union player. She played centre and fullback for Loughborough Lightning and for England for whom she is the third highest capped player in their history. She is also co-presenter on the popular women's rugby podcast The Good, The Scaz, The Rugby, hosted by Elma Smit and starring Natasha 'Mo' Hunt.

A titan of the game, Scarratt's records include: the most points for a woman's international, the most points in single edition, or career, of a Women's Rugby World Cup, and the most career points in the Women's Six Nations; in addition to being the 3rd most capped player for the Red Roses.