hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrzej Towpik
Andrzej Kazimierz Towpik (born 1 February 1939 in Brest) is a Polish diplomat.

He served as an ambassador to the United Nations (2004-2010), as well as the country's permanent representative to NATO (1997-2002). He was also Under Secretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1994-1997) and at the Ministry of National Defence (2003-2004).

He was awarded with Commander's (2009) and Officer's (1998) Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta. He received the Order of the White Star, 2nd class (2002).

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Near-infrared vein finder
Near-infrared vein finder are medical devices used to try to increase the ability of healthcare providers to see veins. They use near-infrared light reflection to create a map of the veins. The received imagery is then either displayed on a screen or projected back onto the patient's skin.

They may not increase the success of starting intravenous catheters in children, since the difficulty may arise not in locating the vessel, but in physical manipulation of the needle.

Nurses and other healthcare practitioners can easily pass IV cannula and other parenteral dosage with the help of a vein finder.

Luminetx introduced a device called VeinViewer in 2006, and Accuvein introduced a product called Accuvein in 2008.  The machines in the United States cost about $15,000 as of 2015. 
Christie Medical Holdings introduced the VeinViewer Flex.

Health technology
Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients.
Katori-class battleship
The Katori class (香取型戦艦, Katori-gata senkan) was a two-ship class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the early 1900s. As Japan lacked the industrial capacity to build such warships itself, they were designed and built in the UK. They were the last pre-dreadnought battleships to be built for Japan at overseas shipyards, and the last to be equipped with a ram. The ships were delivered after the end of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. They saw no action during World War I, although both were present when Japan joined the Siberian Intervention in 1918. They were disarmed and scrapped in 1923–1925 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Edwin Hewitt (rugby union)
Edwin Westley Hewitt (born 28 March 1988) is a South African rugby union footballer. His regular playing position is lock. He currently plays for French Rugby Pro D2 side Biarritz.

He previously represented the Griquas in the Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup before joining the Sharks in 2013, initially for a trial period, but then signed a two-year contract with the Sharks.

Griquas (rugby union)
Griquas (Afrikaans: Griekwas), known as the Suzuki Griquas for sponsorship reasons, are a South African professional rugby union team based in Kimberley in Northern Cape, that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament. Their home ground is Griqua Park in Kimberley and they draw their players mostly from Northern Cape Province. They have won the Currie Cup four times – in 1899, 1911, 1970, and 2025 – and the Vodacom Cup a joint-record five times.
Jean Louis Émile Boudier
Jean Louis Émile Boudier (6 January 1828, in Garnay – 4 February 1920, in Blois) was a pharmacist who lived in Montmorency, France. He published a fair amount about the Discomycetes and other areas of mycology. He often used Émile as his first name.

He received his education at the École de Pharmacie de Paris, and in 1853, established a pharmacy in Enghien-les-Bains. He then became manager of his father's pharmacy, where he worked for many years. In 1878, he retired as a pharmacist in order to devote his time to scientific research.

He was a founding member of the Société mycologique de France (vice-president 1884; president 1887–90) and an honorary member of the British Mycological Society.

He named several species including Amanita franchetii, Disciotis venosa, Ptychoverpa bohemica, and Trichoglossum hirsutum.

In 1897, botanist Pier Andrea Saccardo Sacc. published Boudierella which is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae and named in Jean Louis Émile Boudier's honor.

Pyronemataceae
The Pyronemataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family,  and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.
Charles Thynne
Charles Thynne (c 1568–1652) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1629.

Thynne was the son of Sir John Thynne, of Longleat, Wiltshire and his second wife Dorothy Wroughton, daughter of Sir William Wroughton, of Broad Hinton. He matriculated at Broadgates Hall, Oxford on 19 April 1583, aged 15. He was of Cheddar, Somerset. In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Lymington in the Addled Parliament. He was elected Member of Parliament for Westbury in 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

Personal Rule
The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was a period in the history of England from the dissolution of the third Parliament of Charles I in 1629 to the summoning of the Short Parliament in 1640, during which the King declined to call the next parliament and ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch without recourse to Parliament. Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and divine right of kings.

Charles had called three Parliaments by the third year of his reign in 1628. After the murder of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who was deemed to have a negative influence on Charles' foreign policy, Parliament began to criticize the king more harshly than before. Charles then realised that, as long as he could avoid war, he could rule without the need of Parliament.

The Personal Rule came to an end in 1640 when Charles called a parliament to obtain funds for an ongoing War with Scotland.
Angel Time
Angel Time is a novel by American author Anne Rice released on October 27, 2009.  The book is the first in Rice's Songs of the Seraphim series, which tells the story of Toby O'Dare, an assassin with a tragic past.  The author's inspiration for the book, and the primary setting for the beginning of the story, is the Mission Inn in Riverside, California, a large historic Mission Revival style hotel.  The book debuted on the November 15, 2009 New York Times Bestseller list at #13.

The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa
The Mission Inn, now known as The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, is a historic landmark hotel in downtown Riverside, California. Although a composite of many architectural styles, it is generally considered the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States. Mission Inn Hotel & Spa is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The owners are Duane and Kelly Roberts. The latter serves as vice chairman and chief operating officer.
Nohra
Nohra (German pronunciation: [ˈnoːʁa]) is a village and a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. On 1 December 2007, the municipality of Utzberg was incorporated into Nohra. Nohra later became part of Grammetal municipality in December 2019.

Nohra was the location of the first Nazi concentration camp, established on 3 March 1933.  Prisoners were incarcerated in a school building.

The former Luftwaffe airbase at Nohra was used by the Soviet Army for helicopter operations from 1945 until their withdrawal in 1992. The airfield had a short runway, a hangar and a radio beacon. Subsequently, the department for regional development largely demolished the complex, but a few elements were preserved because of their historic value, including a large stone statue of Lenin which was restored.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
William Burgat
William Burgat (died 1674) was an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Cashel from 1669 to 1675.

He was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of Emly on 17 April 1657 and Vicar Apostolic of Elphin on 24 November 1665. A few years later, he was appointed the Archbishop of the Metropolitan see of Cashel on 31 January 1669. His papal brief was issued on 8 March 1669 and consecrated in France circa August 1669. As Archbishop of Cashel, he continued to administer the Episcopal see of Emly as Apostolic Administrator.

He died in office on 27 April 1675.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly
The Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly (Irish: Ard-Deoise Chaisil agus Imligh) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in mid-western Ireland, and the metropolis of the eponymous ecclesiastical province. The cathedral church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of the Assumption in Thurles, County Tipperary. The incumbent archbishop, as of 2024, is Kieran O'Reilly.
MoonPay
MoonPay is a multinational financial technology company involved in the transfer of cryptocurrency. Founded by Ivan Soto-Wright, Victor Faramond and Maximilian Crown in 2019, the company is based in Miami and provides payment infrastructure for cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to be bought and sold with fiat currencies.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Ikuta Tunnel
Ikuta Tunnel (生田トンネル, Ikuta tonneru) is a tunnel on JR's Musashino Line that runs near Ikuta Station,  Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture with total length of 10.359 km. It was built and completed in 1976.

Ikuta Station
Ikuta Station (生田駅, Ikuta-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the Ikuta neighborhood of Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan and operated by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway.
Integer (computer science)
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping varies so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers. Computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor register or memory address as an integer.

Nibble
In computing, a nibble, also spelled nybble to match byte, is a unit of information that consists of four bits. A nibble is half of a byte, or octet. The unit is alternatively called nyble, nybl, half-byte or tetrade. In networking or telecommunications, the unit is often called a semi-octet, quadbit, or quartet.

As a nibble can represent sixteen (24) possible values, a nibble value is often shown as a hexadecimal digit (hex digit). A byte is two nibbles, and therefore, a value can be shown as two hex digits.

Four-bit computers use nibble-sized data for storage and operations, in the form of the word unit. Such computers were used in early microprocessors, pocket calculators and pocket computers. They continue to be used in some microcontrollers. In this context, 4-bit groups were sometimes also called characters rather than nibbles.
Kłośniki
Kłośniki [kwɔɕˈniki] (German: Hinterfeld) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Świdwin and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Świdwin
Świdwin [ˈɕfidvin] (German: Schivelbein; Kashubian: Skwilbëno) is a town in West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Świdwin County, and the administrative seat of Gmina Świdwin. Świdwin is situated in the historic Pomerania region on the left bank of the Rega river, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin and 44 km (27 mi) south of the Baltic coast at Kołobrzeg. In 2018 the town had a population of 15,725.
Otto Gelert
Otto Christian Leonor Gelert (9 November 1862 in Nybøl on Sundeved peninsula – 20 March 1899 in Copenhagen) was a Danish pharmacist and botanist, who specialized in plant floristics and systematics. He was a brother of sculptor Johannes Gelert.

In 1883 he received his degree in pharmacy and subsequently worked as a druggist in the communities of Ribe and Horsens. In 1885 he started to co-edit the exsiccata series Rubi exsiccati Daniae et Slesvigiae together with Peter Kristian Nicolaj Friderichsen. From 1894 he worked as chemist at a sugar refinery in Tangermünde, Germany. During the latter part of his career he worked at the botanical museum in Copenhagen. In 1897 he took a scientific excursion to the Canary Islands. In 1899 he died of tuberculosis in Copenhagen, aged 36.

Plants with the specific epithet of gelertii commemorate his name, and example being Taraxacum gelertii.

Ribe
Ribe (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁiːpə]) is a town in south-west Jutland, Denmark, with a population of 8,367 (2025). It is the seat of the Diocese of Ribe. Until 1 January 2007, Ribe was the seat of both a surrounding municipality and county. It is now part of the enlarged Esbjerg Municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the oldest town in Denmark.
Richard E. Snow
Richard Eric Snow (June 6, 1936 – December 5, 1997) was an American educational psychologist. He worked on learning styles.

He was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1936.

He was an important collaborator of Lee Cronbach's in his research on human ability in the 1970s.

He received the E. L. Thorndike Award in 1990.

APA Division 15: Education Psychology gives a yearly award named in his honor, the Richard E. Snow Award for Early Contributions.

Educational psychologist
An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities (students, teachers, parents, and academic authorities), community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
Superprestigio of the Americas
Superprestigio of the Americas is an invitation-only flat track motorcycle race that pits motorcycle racers from various racing disciplines (Road racing, Freestyle, Hillclimb, and Flat Track) against many of the best racers from the AMA Pro Racing Flat Track Championship series.

The inaugural Superprestigio of the Americas was held on 21 November 2015 on a specially designed indoor short track at the Orleans Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The race was broadcast live on fanschoice.tv and was produced for national broadcast on NBC Sports Network the following Sunday, 29 November.

Brad Baker (motorcyclist)
Brad Baker (born February 18, 1993) is an AMA Pro Flat Track Racer from United States who has competed in the Championship since 2009, winning the Grand National Singles Championship in his first full-time year. He also won the Grand National Championship in 2013.
Black Hours, Hispanic Society, New York
The Black Hours now in the collection of the Hispanic Society of America museum in New York City is a black book of hours made around 1458.

The calendar is appropriate for the Crown of Aragon, and it has been suggested that it was a bereavement gift to Maria of Castile, queen of Alfonso V of Aragon, who died in Valencia in 1458. The black vellum and the presence of Maria's coat of arms, no longer blazoned with that of Aragon , support this theory. The illuminator was Flemish, perhaps working in Spain at the time.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Elder White
Elder Lafayette White (December 23, 1933 – November 26, 2010) was an American professional baseball player who played 23 games (primarily as a shortstop) in the Major Leagues in 1962 for the Chicago Cubs.  Born in Colerain, North Carolina, he attended Chowan College. He stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall, weighed 165 pounds (75 kg), and threw and batted right-handed.

White began the 1962 season on the Cubs' roster, and he started nine games at shortstop during the month of April, batting only .158 during the month. He later appeared in seven more games, starting five at shortstop, late in May and in early June.  Altogether, he collected eight hits in the Majors, including two doubles, and stole three bases.  He played 12 seasons of minor league baseball (1952; 1955–1965), with his most successful year also coming in 1962, when he batted .301 with 11 home runs for the Double-A San Antonio Missions.

San Antonio Missions
The San Antonio Missions are a Minor League Baseball team based in San Antonio, Texas. The Missions compete in the Texas League as the Double-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres. The team plays its home games at Nelson W. Wolff Municipal Stadium, which opened in 1994 and seats over 6,200 people with a total capacity of over 9,000. The Missions are named for the Spanish missions around which the city was founded.
Takunyapé language
Takunyapé (Tacunhape) is an extinct Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. They once lived southeast of the Big Bend of the Xingu River. In 1659 they and their Yudja allies defeated the Portuguese and their Kuruaya allies. The last member of the tribe died in the early 1950s while living with the Yudja on the upper Xingu.

Kuruaya
The Kuruaya people are an indigenous people of Brazil. They live along the tributaries of the lower Xingu River in the state of Pará.

Currently there are approximately 159 living in their indigenous territory, the Kuruaya Indigenous Area.
2018 Idol Star Athletics Bowling Archery Rhythmic Gymnastics Aerobics Championships
The 2018 Idol Star Athletics Bowling Archery Rhythmic Gymnastics Aerobics Championships (Korean: 2018 아이돌스타 육상 볼링 양궁 리듬 체조 에어로빅 선수권 대회) was held at Goyang Gymnasium in Goyang, South Korea on January 15 and was broadcast on MBC on February 15 and 16 for four episodes at 5:10 PM KST.

Apink
Apink (Korean: 에이핑크; RR: Eipingkeu; Japanese: エーピンク) is a South Korean girl group formed in 2011, currently consists of five members: Chorong, Bomi, Eunji, Namjoo, and Hayoung. Originally a septet, Yookyung left in 2013 to pursue her education and Naeun left to pursue her acting career in 2022.

The group debuted on April 19, 2011, with the extended play (EP) Seven Springs of Apink.
Since their debut, Apink has won awards at shows such as the Golden Disc Awards, the Seoul Music Awards and the Mnet Asian Music Awards. Their first music program win was on M Countdown on January 5, 2012, for "My My" from their second EP Snow Pink. To date, Apink has released nine Korean EPs, five Korean studio albums, and three Japanese studio albums.
Messier 78
Messier 78 (also known as M78 or NGC 2068) is a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. It is the brightest diffuse reflection nebula in a group that includes NGC 2064, NGC 2067, and NGC 2071, all part of the Orion B molecular cloud complex. Located approximately 1,350 light-years from Earth, M78 is visible in small telescopes as a hazy patch illuminated by two B-type stars, HD 38563 A and HD 38563 B, of 10th and 11th magnitude. It is a popular target for amateur astronomers, who have given it the common name Casper the Friendly Ghost Nebula.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.