hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alsophila alleniae
Alsophila alleniae, synonym Cyathea alleniae, is a species of tree fern native to the Malay Peninsula, where it grows in forest margin on steep ground at an altitude of approximately 1200 m. The trunk is erect, about 4 m tall and 15 cm in diameter. It is usually unbranched, but may branch to form several small crowns. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1–2 m long. The stipe is spiny at the base and at least partially covered by scales. Typically of Alsophila species, these scales are dark brown, glossy, and have fragile edges. Sori occur near the midvein of fertile pinnules and are covered by firm, brown indusia that resemble scales in appearance.

A. alleniae is named after Betty Molesworth Allen (1913-2002), a collector of Malaysian and Indonesian flora.

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
Superstore season 1
The first season of Superstore, the American television series, was ordered on January 14, 2015. The series was picked up by NBC on May 7, 2015. It debuted on November 30, 2015, with a two-episode premiere. The series was created by Justin Spitzer, who also serves as an executive producer. The season ended on February 22, 2016. The first season originally had an episode order of 13 episodes, but it was later trimmed by NBC to 11 episodes due to scheduling, and The Voice returning to schedule.

Mark McKinney
Mark Douglas Brown McKinney (born June 26, 1959) is a Canadian actor and comedian. He is best known as a member of the sketch comedy troupe The Kids in the Hall, which includes starring in the 1989 to 1995 TV series The Kids in the Hall and 1996 feature film Brain Candy. He was a writer on Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1986, and returned as a cast member from 1995 to 1997; and from 2003 to 2006, he co-created, wrote and starred in the series Slings & Arrows. He also appeared as Tom in FXX's Man Seeking Woman. From 2015 to 2021, he appeared as store manager Glenn Sturgis on NBC's Superstore.
Peña Bilouis
The Peña Bilouis is a French aerobatic amateur-built aircraft that was designed by the competitive aerobatic pilot Louis Peña of Dax, Landes and made available in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Dax, Landes
Dax (French pronunciation: [daks]; Occitan: Dacs; Basque: Akize) is a commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France, sub-prefecture of the Landes department.

It is known as a spa destination, specialising in mud treatment for rheumatism and similar ailments. Dax is also known for its bullfighting culture, especially during the August ferias, one of the most crowded festival events in France with 800,000 people attending over five days. It is also a market town, former bishopric and busy local centre, especially for the Chalosse area.
Grønvold
Grønvold is a Norwegian origin surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Audun Grønvold (1976–2025), Norwegian freestyle skier

Didrik Hegermann Grønvold (1855–1928), Norwegian educator and writer

Hans Aimar Mow Grønvold (1846–1926), Norwegian civil servant and music writer

Henrik Grønvold (1858–1940), Danish naturalist, illustrator and bird artist

Marcus Grønvold (1845–1929), Norwegian painter

Minka Grønvold (1862–1931), Austrian-German painter and draftswoman

Nina Tangnæs Grønvold (born 1969), Norwegian politician

Odd Grønvold (1907–1992), Norwegian royal servant

Roar Grønvold (born 1946), Norwegian speed skater

Svend Aage Grønvold (1903–1969), Danish rower

Hans Aimar Mow Grønvold
Hans Aimar Mow Grønvold (26 June 1846 – 25 July 1926) was a Norwegian civil servant and music writer.

He was born in Saude as a son of vicar Bernt Olaus Grønvold (1819–1900). He was a third cousin of painters Bernt and Marcus Grønvold and educator Didrik Grønvold, and a granduncle of Odd Grønvold.

He graduated with the cand.jur. degree, and from 1885 to 1906 he was a deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Labour. In 1906 he was appointed as private secretary to King Haakon VII of Norway.

Grønvold was also a music critic in the newspapers Aftenbladet from 1867 to 1881 and Aftenposten from 1881 to 1886, and issued books in this field. He was also chair of the Hoved Line, from 1904. He died in 1926.
Benigno Quezada Naranjo
Benigno Quezada Naranjo (born 18 June 1962) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2009 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Michoacán. He previously served in the Congress of Michoacán and as municipal president of Peribán, Michoacán.

Municipal president
A municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) is the chief of government of municipalities in Mexico. This title was also used in the Philippines during the Spanish and American colonial periods; it is comparable to a mayor of the town or city. The position is comparable to the county executive of a county in the United States or to the mayor of a city in the United States, although the jurisdiction of a presidente municipal includes not only a city but the municipality surrounding it.  Nationally, this position is also equivalent to that of Head of Government of the Federal District and that is why these positions are sometimes referred to as "mayors" in English-language publications.
Long Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)
Long Island is one of many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located in Hudson Bay off the coast of Quebec at 54°52'N 79°25'W and has an area of 168 km2 (65 sq mi).

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Taube Tennis Center
The Taube Tennis Center is an outdoor tennis facility on the west coast of the United States, located on the campus of Stanford University in Stanford, California.  In addition to hosting the Stanford Cardinal's men's and women's tennis teams, the 17-court facility was the home of the Bank of the West Classic between 1997 and 2017, a WTA Tour event.  The stadium court, Taube Family Tennis Stadium, has a seating capacity of 2,445 spectators.

The facility has hosted many tennis events, including the 1999 Fed Cup final, which saw the United States defeat Russia; four NCAA Women's Tennis Championships; and the first combined NCAA Women's and Men's Tennis Championships in 2006.

Since 2008, Taube has also been host to the annual USGO Gay/Lesbian tournament, held every Memorial Day weekend. See The Gay and Lesbian Tennis Alliance.

Opened 99 years ago in 1926, the site was previously occupied by Stanford Field. The approximate elevation is sixty feet (18 m) above sea level

1999 Fed Cup
The 1999 Fed Cup was the 37th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. In the finals, the United States defeated Russia at Taube Tennis Stadium in Stanford, CA, United States, on 18–19 September, giving the Americans their 16th title.
Spondylosis deformans
Spondylosis deformans is a disease of the spine in humans and other vertebrates. It occurs when intervertebral discs begin to degenerate, leading to the formation of bony spurs or bridges around the disc and nearby spinal joints. Severe cases can result in pressure on the spinal nerves, causing neurological signs and symptoms. Other terms for the disease have included spondylitis, but this is incorrect because it implies that the condition is inflammatory in nature, like ankylosing spondylitis.

The condition is likely triggered by changes in the anulus fibrosus, the tough outer ring of the intervertebral disc. This disc degeneration causes osteophytes to grow in the area. The osteophytes develop bridges of connective tissue which become ossified, forming bone spurs. The pattern of osteophyte formation varies. The exact pathophysiology of the process is unclear.

Osteophyte
Osteophytes are exostoses (bony projections) that form along joint margins. They are distinct from enthesophytes, which are bony projections that form at the attachment of a tendon or ligament. Osteophytes are not always distinguished from exostoses in any definite way, although in many cases there are a number of differences. Osteophytes are typically intra-articular (within the joint capsule).
2026 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2026 United States Senate election in Virginia will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia. The election will be held concurrently with the 2026 United States elections to the House of Representatives, the United States Senate, and other various state and local elections. Primary elections will be held on August 4, 2026. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Mark Warner is running for re-election after serving three terms in office.

2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 2010 congressional elections in Virginia were held November 2, 2010, to determine who will represent the state of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 2011 until January 2013.

Primary elections were held on June 9, 2010. After a poor showing in 2008, the Republican Party made significant gains and defeated three Democratic incumbents. Republicans would go onto hold a majority of House districts in Virginia until 2018.
The Tuileries (novel)
The Tuileries is an 1831 novel by the British writer Catherine Gore. A bestselling writer of silver fork novels, Gore turned in this to the recent history of Paris following the French Revolution and particularly the Tuileries Palace. Gore herself had a low opinion of the work and when her publisher Richard Bentley asked her to write a review of it she declined, observing it was "a very dull work" and that she "could find little to say in its favour" concluding that "the public must be more dense than I dare hope, if they can be persuaded that it is really a work of interest". It was one of two novels that Mary Shelley sent for in May 1831 along with Benjamin Disraeli's The Young Duke.

Richard Bentley (publisher)
Richard Bentley (24 October 1794 – 10 September 1871) was a 19th-century English publisher born into a publishing family. He started a firm with his brother in 1819. Ten years later, he went into partnership with the publisher Henry Colburn. Although the business was often successful, publishing the famous "Standard Novels" series, they ended their partnership in acrimony three years later. Bentley continued alone profitably in the 1830s and early 1840s, establishing the well-known periodical Bentley's Miscellany. However, the periodical went into decline after its editor, Charles Dickens, left. Bentley's business started to falter after 1843 and he sold many of his copyrights. Only 15 years later did it begin to recover.
Cameroon goby
Wheelerigobius wirtzi, the Cameroon goby, is a species of goby native to the Atlantic coast of Africa where it is so far known from Victoria Bay, Cameroon and São Tomé Island.  This fish has been found at a depth of about 1 metre (3.3 ft) on a vertical rock face.  The species can reach a length of 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) SL. The specific name honours the ichthyologist and blenny taxonomist Peter Wirtz who collected the type specimen.

Blennioidei
Blennies (from the Greek ἡ βλέννα and τό βλέννος, mucus, slime) are a diverse clade of ray-finned fish in the suborder Blennioidei of the percomorph order Blenniiformes. They inhabit marine, brackish, and occasionally freshwater habitats, and generally share similar morphology and behaviour. About 151 genera and nearly 900 species have been described within the order.
Histolysis
Histolysis is the decay and dissolution of organic tissues or of blood. It is sometimes referred to as histodialysis. In cells, histolysis may be caused by uracil-DNA degradation.

Origin: New Latin, from Greek ‘ιστος (histos) tissue + λυσις (lusis) dissolution from λυειν to loosen, dissolve.

Histolysis is associated with metamorphosis as well as other morphological changes. The loss of organs or blood begins with cell death, which can be caused by a number of factors. In frogs, the histolysis of the tail associated with metamorphosis is also associated with a lowering of the pH of the blood.
Increases in histolysis has been found to correspond with the pupal phase of insect metamorphosis, wherein larval organs break down before the histogenesis of the adult tissues occur. The histolysis is associated with an increase in the production of ATP and a decrease in metabolism.

Histogenesis
Histogenesis is the formation of different tissues from undifferentiated cells. These cells are constituents of three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The science of the microscopic structures of the tissues formed within histogenesis is termed histology.
Zakharov Books
Zakharov Books (Russian: Издательство Захаров) is a Russian independent publishing house.

Founded by the journalist Igor Zakharov in 1998 as a small independent publishing company, they gradually developed into a notable publisher of popular and literary fiction. At the very beginning of their existence as an independent publishing, they discovered Boris Akunin, and they still hold the rights to his best-selling books about Inspector Fandorin that have been translated into most European languages. More than seven million copies of these books were sold in Russia alone. Among their other authors they list such writers as Vladimir Sorokin, Venedikt Erofeyev, Sergey Gandlevsky, Vera Pavlova and Anatoly Kudryavitsky. Zakharov Books also  publish translated fiction, memoirs and biographies.

Sergey Gandlevsky
Sergey Konstantinovich Gandlevsky (born March 21, 1952) is a Russian poet, novelist, and essayist. He is recognized as a prominent contemporary Russian poet, known for his style combining classical poetic forms with modern themes. His works explore topics of memory, identity, and the human condition.
Loureedia phoenixi
Loureedia phoenixi is a species of spider discovered in Iran in 2020. It is a velvet spider and is described as reclusive. The species is named after American musician Lou Reed and actor Joaquin Phoenix, as its color pattern resembles the appearance of the DC Comics character Joker as portrayed by Phoenix in the 2019 film Joker. It is the first species of its genus found outside the Mediterranean basin, over 1,500 kilometers from the previously known range.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Nevers Mumba
Nevers Mumba (born 1960 in Chitambo at Chitambo Mission, Zambia) is a Zambian politician and religious minister. He is the current leader of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy. He served as the eighth vice-president of Zambia in 2003–04 under Levy Mwanawasa.

Livingstone Memorial
The Livingstone Memorial, built in 1899, marks the spot where missionary explorer David Livingstone died on 1 May 1873, in Chief Chitambo's village at Chipundu (today in Chitambo District), near the edge of the Bangweulu Swamps in Zambia. His body was embalmed and his heart was buried there under a mpundu tree by his followers, now led by his loyal attendants Chuma and Susi, who then departed for the coast carrying his body. In their party was an Indian-educated African man named Jacob Wainwright who carved the inscription "LIVINGSTONE MAY 4 1873" and the names of the attendants on the tree.
Klakstein
Klakstein is a Faroese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bára Klakstein (born 1954), Faroese football coach and former footballer

Eyðun Klakstein (born 1972), Faroese football coach and former footballer

Eyðvør Klakstein (born 1995), Faroese footballer

Eyðun Klakstein
Eyðun Klakstein (born 28 November 1972) is a Faroese football manager and former player who is the head coach of the Faroe Islands. In 2025, he was appointed as the manager of the Faroe Islands national football team.

He spent most of his playing career in KÍ Klaksvík, a team he also managed on two occasions.
Seton baronets of Abercorn (1663)
The Seton baronetcy, of Abercorn in the County of Linlithgow, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 3 June 1663 for Walter Seton, son of Alexander Seton, Lord Kilcreuch, with remainder to heirs male whatsoever. At the time he owned the Barony of Abercorn. He was a Customer (customs farmer) for the King.

In 1923 the 9th Baronet, petitioned the Crown for his right to the title of Lord Gordon. The Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords admitted that he was the heir male of the 1st Earl of Huntly, but decided that he had not provided enough evidence of the creation and existence of the title of Lord Gordon. The 11th Baronet was the actor Bruce Seton.

Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly
Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Huntly (died 15 July 1470), who adopted the family name of Gordon from about 1457, was a powerful 15th-century Scottish magnate. He was knighted in 1439/1440 and was Lord of Badenoch, Gordon, Strathbogie and Cluny.
The Way Out (The Books album)
The Way Out is the fourth and final studio album by American musical duo the Books. It was released on July 20, 2010, by Temporary Residence Limited, and was the duo's first album to be issued by the label.

The Way Out received mostly positive reviews from critics. The album's cover is a take on that of early 1970s editions of The Way, an illustrated version of The Living Bible.

Temporary Residence Limited
Temporary Residence Limited (shortened TRL) is a Brooklyn, New York–based record label. TRL was started in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1996 by Jeremy DeVine, and initially concentrated on releasing music by Louisville-based bands. DeVine moved to Baltimore, Maryland, in the late 1990s to attend the Maryland Institute College of Art, but dropped out to concentrate on running the label by the end of the decade. DeVine later moved operations to Brooklyn, New York.

The label releases the Travels in Constants series of limited-edition albums.

In December 2005, American webzine Somewhere Cold voted Temporary Residence Limited Label of the Year on their 2005 Somewhere Cold Awards Hall of Fame list.
Inch Castle
Inch Castle is a ruined castle located on the southern tip of Inch Island in County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. The castle was constructed around 1430 by the Gaelic Irish lord Neachtain O'Donnell for his father-in-law, Cahir O'Doherty. The Ó Dochartaigh (O'Doherty) clan were the dominant family on the nearby peninsula of Inishowen and had close links with the O'Donnells. It came to form part of the defensive network of O'Doherty fortifications designed to protect them from rival clans and to overawe those who accepted their overlordship.

Burt Castle is located just across Lough Swilly on the mainland, and this has sometimes led to the two being confused in historical accounts. It should also not be confused with Inch Fort, a much later development on the northern tip of the island which is now also in ruins.

Lough Swilly
Lough Swilly (Irish: Loch Súilí, meaning 'lake of eyes') in Ireland is a glacial fjord or sea inlet lying between the western side of the Inishowen Peninsula and the Fanad Peninsula, in County Donegal. Along with Carlingford Lough and Killary Harbour it is one of three glacial fjords in Ireland.
Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor
The following is a list of Teen Choice Award winners and nominees for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor. The award was first introduced (along with Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress and Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show) in 2010. Paul Wesley was the first recipient of the award.

The Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor has been won by Ian Somerhalder the most times, with four wins. Somerhalder and Wesley are the most nominated actors with seven nominations each, both actors for The Vampire Diaries.

The current winner as Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor is Jared Padalecki for Supernatural (2019).

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards were an annual awards show that aired on the Fox television network between 1999 and 2019. The awards, based on a popularity vote that could be overridden by the producers – who reserved the right to choose the winners – covered over 250 different categories during its run, stated as honoring the year's biggest achievements in music, film, sports, television, fashion, social media, and more. Votes were submitted by viewers living in the United States, aged 13 and over, through various social media sites.

The awards show has been on an indefinite hiatus since the 2019 edition.
(3-(2-Furoyl)-quinoline-2 carboxaldehyde)
3-(2-Furoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ) is a fluorogenic amine labeling dye that is not fluorescent itself,  but reacts with primary amines to form fluorescent products. It was first reported in 1990. Cyanide, typically provided via KCN or NaCN salts, is a required co-substrate in the fluorogenic reaction. It has been used for the detection of amines and peptides, largely in CE-SDS, where it is recognized to reach a silver stain-like high sensitivity via laser-induced fluorescence. Once bound to protein the excitation wavelength is 480 nm (blue) and the emission wavelength is ~600 nm (orange).

Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula NaCN and the structure Na+ −C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
PDFtk
PDFtk (short for PDF Toolkit) is a toolkit for manipulating Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. It runs on Linux, Windows and macOS. It comes in three versions: PDFtk Server (open-source command-line tool), PDFtk Free (freeware) and PDFtk Pro (proprietary paid). It is able to concatenate, shuffle, split and rotate PDF files. It can also show and update metadata. Both CLI and GUI versions of PDFtk are available.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.