hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Berlin Group
The Berlin Group consist of almost forty banks, associations and payment service providers (PSPs) from across the European Union. The objective was to define open and common scheme- and processor-independent standards in the inter-banking domain between creditor banks (acquirers) and debtor banks (issuer) and to complement the work carried out by organisations like the European Payments Council. The Berlin Group first met in Berlin, from which it derived its name, in October 2004.

To achieve this objective, the Berlin Group established a pure technical standardisation body, focusing on detailed technical and organisational requirements. This common API standard is called "NextGenPSD2" after the PSD2 directive and was developed to create uniform and interoperable communications between banks and third-party processors (TPPs).

Issuing bank
An issuing bank is a bank that offers card association branded payment cards directly to consumers, such as credit cards, debit cards, contactless devices such as key fobs as well as prepaid cards. The name is derived from the practice of issuing cards to a consumer.
Dolichoderus jiaoyanshanensis
Dolichoderus jiaoyanshanensis is an extinct species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. Fossils containing the species were found in China, and it was described by Hong in 1985. The ant is from Shanwang and is presumed to be a Miocene insect.

Shanwang National Geological Park
The Shanwang National Geology Park (simplified Chinese: 山旺国家地质公园; traditional Chinese: 山旺國家地質公園; pinyin: Shānwàng Guójiā Dìzhì Gōngyuán) is located in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Linqu County. It has an area of about 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi). The Park is well known for the fossil bearing Shanwang Formation diatomitic deposits, one of only a few such deposits in China. It is also well known for its volcanic topography. The Shanwang Formation dates to about 18-11 million years ago, from the Langhian to the Serravallian.
Vranya Pass
Vranya Pass (Bulgarian: проход Враня, ‘Prohod Vranya’ \'pro-hod 'vra-nya\) is the ice-covered saddle of elevation 2100 m separating Sullivan Heights from Vinson Massif in Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.  It is part of the glacial divide between Crosswell Glacier to the northwest and Hinkley Glacier to the east.

The saddle is named after the settlement of Vranya in Southwestern Bulgaria.

Hinkley Glacier
Hinkley Glacier (78°27′S 85°20′W﻿ / ﻿78.450°S 85.333°W﻿ / -78.450; -85.333) is a glacier flowing northeastward from Corbet Peak and Schoening Peak, Vinson Massif on the east slope of Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, and continuing between Mount Segers and Zinsmeister Ridge to enter Dater Glacier southeast of Nebeska Peak and northwest of Sipey Bluff. It was named by US-ACAN (2006) after Todd K. Hinkley, Technical Director, National Ice Core Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 2001-06.
Alan Calvert
Alan Calvert (1875 – June 24, 1944) was an American businessman, magazine publisher, and author. He was an advocate of weightlifting as an exercise regimen and a competitive sport. He was a pioneer in the development of adjustable weightlifting equipment. He received a patent for the Milo Adjustable Barbell and founded the Milo Barbell Company in 1902 to produce commercially available barbells. He sold the company in 1920 and it was renamed York Barbell. He published Strength magazine, one of the first strength training magazines in the United States, and several books on weight training.

Strength training
Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, is exercise designed to improve physical strength. It may involve lifting weights, bodyweight exercises (e.g., push-ups, pull-ups, and squats), isometrics (holding a position under tension, like planks), and plyometrics (explosive movements like jump squats and box jumps).

Training works by progressively increasing the force output of the muscles and uses a variety of exercises and types of equipment. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity, although circuit training also is a form of aerobic exercise.

Strength training can increase muscle, tendon, and ligament strength as well as bone density, metabolism, and the lactate threshold; improve joint and cardiac function; and reduce the risk of injury in athletes and the elderly. For many sports and physical activities, strength training is central or is used as part of their training regimen.
Justifiable homicide
The concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law is a defense to culpable homicide (criminal or negligent homicide).  Generally, there is a burden to produce exculpatory evidence in the legal defense of justification.

In most countries, a homicide is justified when there is sufficient evidence to disprove the alleged criminal act or wrongdoing (under the beyond a reasonable doubt standard for criminal charges, and preponderance of evidence standard for claims of wrongdoing, i.e. civil liability).  The key to this legal defense is that it was reasonable for the subject, when committing the homicide, to believe that there was an imminent and otherwise unavoidable danger of death or grave bodily harm to the innocent by the deceased.

Criminal charge
A criminal charge is a formal accusation made by a governmental authority (usually a public prosecutor or the police) asserting that somebody has committed a crime. A charging document, which contains one or more criminal charges or counts, can take several forms, including:

complaint

information

indictment

citation

traffic ticket

The charging document is what generally starts a criminal case in court. But the procedure by which somebody is charged with a crime and what happens when somebody has been charged varies from country to country and even sometimes within a country.

Before a person is found guilty of a crime, a criminal charge must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Clerve
The Clerve (Luxembourgish: Klierf) is a river flowing through Luxembourg, joining the Wiltz at Kautenbach.  It flows through both the towns of Troisvierges and the town of Clervaux. Upstream of Clervaux, it is known as the Woltz.

Kautenbach
Kautenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈkaʊtn̩ˌbax]; Luxembourgish: Kautebaach) is a village in the commune of Kiischpelt, in northern Luxembourg.  In 2025, the village had a population of 152.

Kautenbach was a commune in the canton of Wiltz until January 1, 2006, when it was merged with the commune of Wilwerwiltz to form the new commune of Kiischpelt.  The law creating Kiischpelt was passed on 14 July 2005.

Until 17 April 1914, the commune was known as 'Alscheid', after its former administrative centre.  On that date, the administrative centre was moved from Alscheid to Kautenbach.

The ancient Schuttbourg Castle is located near the Village of Kautenbach.
Catskill Scenic Trail
The Catskill Scenic Trail is a multi-use rail trail along the former Ulster and Delaware Railroad right-of-way in rural Delaware County, New York.  It runs approximately 19 miles (31 km) from Grand Gorge, New York (42°21′29.2″N 74°30′29.3″W﻿ / ﻿42.358111°N 74.508139°W﻿ / 42.358111; -74.508139) to Bloomville, New York  (42°19′55.6″N 74°48′13.0″W﻿ / ﻿42.332111°N 74.803611°W﻿ / 42.332111; -74.803611).  The western portion of the trail runs along the West Branch of the Delaware River. The eastern portion of the trail has recently been extended approximately 7 miles (11 km) to Roxbury, New York, to the south of Grand Gorge.

The trail serves mainly bikers and hikers in the warmer months and snowmobilers and cross country skiers in the winter months.  It is owned by the Delaware and Ulster Railroad tourist railroad and maintained by the non-profit Catskill Revitalization Corporation.

West Branch Delaware River
The West Branch Delaware River is one of two branches that form the Delaware River. It is approximately 90 mi (144 km) long, and flows through the U.S. states of New York and Pennsylvania. It winds through a mountainous area of New York in the western Catskill Mountains for most of its course, before joining the East Branch along the northeast border of Pennsylvania with New York. Midway or so it is impounded by the Cannonsville Dam to form the Cannonsville Reservoir, both part of the New York City water supply system for delivering drinking water to the City.
Joachim Donner
Joachim Donner (28 November 1763, Stockholm, Sweden– 22 Mars 1822, Kokkola, Finland) was a Commercial Councillor, shipowner, and merchant. Around the turn of the 19th century, Donner was one of the most capable shipowners and merchants in Finland. He contributed greatly to making Kokkola, his hometown, Finland’s most important maritime city. Donner was a versatile and active merchant whose business operations included retail and wholesale trade, domestic and international trade, tobacco manufactory, ship outfitting, sawmill operations, and the production of tar. He also served as mayor of his hometown.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
2011–2012 Iranian protests
The 2011–2012 protests in Iran were a series of demonstrations in Iran which began on 14 February 2011, called "The Day of Rage". The protests followed the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests and were influenced by other concurrent protests in the region. Security forces quickly suppressed the demonstrations, resulting in two deaths and numerous injuries. Further protests followed, including on 20 February and 1 March, when the opposition reported around 200 arrests. Authorities subsequently managed to prevent large-scale demonstrations. The leaders of the Green Movement that had organized the protests, Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi, were placed under house arrest in early 2011 and have remained out of public view, with some government supporters demanding their execution.

Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i (Persian: غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای, romanized: Ġolām-Hoseyn Mohseni Eže'i, Persian pronunciation: [ɢolɒːmhoˈsejn mohseˈniː eʒeˈjiː]; born 29 September 1956 - 28 February 2026) was an Iranian principlist politician, Islamic jurist and former prosecutor who served as Chief Justice of Iran.

He was the Iranian minister of intelligence from 2005 to July 2009, when he was abruptly dismissed. He also held a number of other governmental posts since 1984.
Waldemar Achramowicz
Waldemar Kazimierz Achramowicz (born 3 November 1949 in Toruń, Poland) is a Polish politician who is a current Member of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Regional Assembly. Between 1999 and 2006 he was Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Marshal. He was Toruń City Councillors also (1994–1998).

In 1998 Polish local election he joined the Regional Assembly I term representing the 4th district. Assembly elected him as Voivodeship Marshal (Marszałek Województwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego), chairperson of voivodeship executive board.

In 2002 Polish local election he was elected again. He polled 14,652 votes and was first on the Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union list. Assembly II term elected him as Voivodeship Marshal again.

In 2006 local election he was elected third time. He scored 14,205 votes, running on the Left and Democrats list.

1998 Polish local elections
The 1998 Polish local elections were held on October 11, 1998. The number of valid votes cast was 11,721,825, with 12,945,043 casting ballots out of 28,544,777 eligible voters. The turnout in the elections to the provincial assemblies was 45.35%, and the proportion of invalid votes cast was 9.06%.
View over the Bay of Tangier
View over the Bay of Tangier is a 1912 oil on canvas painting by Henri Matisse, showing Tangier and its port on the Bay of Tangier. It was left to the Museum of Grenoble by Marcel Sembat and Georgette Agutte in 1923, and still hangs there.

Bay of Tangier
The Bay of Tangier (Arabic: خليج طنجة) is a bay around Tangier on the Mediterranean in northern Morocco. It forms the body of water between the port and Cap Malabata in a semi circular shape. Avenue d'Espagne runs along the bay and is known for its hotels and large modern establishments.
Prince Edward Island Route 21
Route 21, also known as Bunbury Road and Fort Augustus Road, is a 30.9 km (19.2 mi), two-lane, uncontrolled-access,  secondary highway in central Prince Edward Island. Its western terminus is at Route 1 in Southport and its eastern terminus is at Route 323 in Fanning Brook. The route is in Queens and Kings counties.

Lane
In road transport, a lane is part of a roadway that is designated to be used by a single line of vehicles to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts. Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each direction, generally separated by lane markings. On multilane roadways and busier two-lane roads, lanes are generally designated with road surface markings. Major highways often have two multi-lane roadways separated by a median.

Some roads and bridges that carry very low volumes of traffic are less than 4.6 metres (15 ft) wide, and are only a single lane wide. Vehicles travelling in opposite directions must slow or stop to pass each other. In rural areas, these are often called country lanes. In urban areas, alleys are often only one lane wide. Urban and suburban one lane roads are often designated for one-way traffic.
1974 LPGA Tour
The 1974 LPGA Tour was the 25th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from February 1 to November 24. The season consisted of 32 official money events. JoAnne Carner and Sandra Haynie won the most tournaments, six each. Carner led the money list with earnings of $87,094.

The season saw the first tournament in Mexico, the Bing Crosby International Classic. There were three first-time winners in 1974: Bonnie Bryant, Gail Denenberg, and Sue Roberts. Bryant was the first, and through 2016 only, left-handed golfer to win on the LPGA Tour.

Kathy Whitworth won the LPGA's annual tour stop in St. Petersburg for a fifth time. Only three other golfers in tour history have won the same event five times.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Bonnie Bryant (golfer)
Bonnie Bryant (born October 5, 1943) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She is the only player in LPGA Tour history to win a tournament left-handed.

Bryant was born in Tulare, California. She did not take up golf until age 20, learning from Vic Lombardi, a National League pitcher for Brooklyn and Pittsburgh. Prior to taking up golf, she played five years of AAA-fast pitch softball.

Bryant joined the LPGA Tour in 1971. She won once on the LPGA Tour. Her win came at the 1974 Bill Branch LPGA Classic in Fort Myers, Florida. She shot a 7-under-par, 209 to claim the $5,700 first prize. She also lost to Nancy Lopez in a five-way sudden death playoff at the 1979 Coca-Cola Classic.
Maryland Route 332
Maryland Route 332 (MD 332) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Central Avenue, the highway runs 1.07 miles (1.72 km) from Southern Avenue at the District of Columbia boundary in Capitol Heights east to MD 214 in Seat Pleasant. MD 332 is the old alignment of MD 214 through Capitol Heights. The highway was constructed in the mid-1910s and bypassed when East Capitol Street was extended east out of Washington, D.C. to Seat Pleasant in the late 1960s.

Southern Avenue (Washington, D.C.)
Southern Avenue is one of three boundary streets between Washington, D.C., and the state of Maryland. Following a southwest-to-northeast line, Southern Avenue begins at the intersection of South Capitol Street in Southeast, Washington, D.C., and Indian Head Highway on the Maryland side. It runs for approximately 7 miles (11 km) to its other end at Eastern Avenue in Northeast, Washington, D.C., with an uncompleted gap between Naylor Road SE and Branch Avenue SE.

Southern Avenue was built in pieces. For example, the portion between Benning Road SE and 46th Street SE was not started until 1928. One of the first residential developments on Southern Avenue was Fairfield, a cluster of luxury homes at the intersection of Highview Terrace SE and 34th Street SE in the Summit Park neighborhood.

The Southern Avenue bridge over Suitland Parkway was the first orthotropic deck girder bridge built in Washington, D.C.
Populism in Canada
Populism in Canada has been part of the country's political culture through its history and across the political spectrum. Populist parties and movements have included the Canadian social credit movement which achieved electoral strengths in Western Canada and to some extent in Quebec in the early to mid 20th century, and the Reform Party of Canada which became the largest conservative party in Parliament from a base in Western Canada in the 1990s.

According to Laycock, Quebecois populism is largely intertwined in Quebec nationalism and thus has to be examined with its own ideological and linguistic dynamics taken into consideration.

Canadian social credit movement
The Canadian social credit movement is a political movement originally based on the Social Credit theory of Major C. H. Douglas. Its supporters were colloquially known as Socreds in English and créditistes in French. It gained popularity and its own political party in the 1930s, as a result of the Great Depression.
Rugby League Amateur Four Nations
The Amateur Four Nations was a rugby league competition contested annually by England Amateurs, Ireland Amateurs, Scotland Amateurs, and Wales Amateurs. The teams from the Celtic nations would pick players from their domestic competitions, while England's squad would be picked from teams in the Rugby League Conference. Players would also come from university teams and the armed forces. The competition, sometimes referred to as the Four Nations Championship, had previously been sponsored by Cheltenham Regency and Parkhouse Recruitment and Skanska. In 2014 the tournament was renamed the Celtic Nations Cup following England's withdrawal

Bridgend
Bridgend (English:  /brɪˈdʒɛnd/; Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr or just Pen-y-bont, meaning "the end of the bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough of Wales, 20 miles (32 km) west of Cardiff and 20 miles (32 km) east of Swansea.  The town is named after the medieval bridge over the River Ogmore. The River Ewenny also flows through the town. The population was 49,597 in 2021. Bridgend is within the Cardiff Capital Region which in 2019 had a population of approximately 1.54 million.

Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s – the 2001 census recorded a population of 39,429 for the town.
Mark Cairns (footballer)
Mark Cairns (born 25 September 1969) is a Scottish football goalkeeper, who played for Heart of Midlothian, Berwick Rangers, East Stirlingshire, Gala Fairydean, Partick Thistle, Alloa Athletic, Brechin City, Queen's Park, Stirling Albion and Arbroath.

While at Alloa Cairns played in the 1999 Scottish Challenge Cup Final. The match went to penalties; Cairns saved two and also scored one himself as they defeated Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.
Inverness Caledonian Thistle Football Club, commonly known as Caley Thistle, Inverness CT or just Inverness, is a professional football club based in Inverness, Scotland. The team competes in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, and plays its home games at Caledonian Stadium.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle won the Scottish Cup in 2015, were runners-up in 2023 and were also runners-up in the Scottish League Cup in 2014. They have also won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and the Scottish Football League First Division twice. Its highest Premiership position is third in 2014–15.
Shoresh
Shoresh (Hebrew: שורש, שֹׁרֶשׁ, lit. Root / source) is a moshav shitufi in central Israel. Located five kilometres from Sha'ar HaGai in the Jerusalem corridor, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,195.

Sha'ar HaGai
Sha'ar HaGai (Hebrew: שער הגיא) in Hebrew, a name literally translated from Bab al-Wad or Bab al-Wadi in Arabic (Hebrew: באב אל-ואד, Arabic: باب الواد or باب الوادي), meaning Gate of the Valley, is a point on the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway, 23 km from Jerusalem, where the road begins to ascend through a deep valley flanked by steep rocky slopes, of the intermittent Nahshon Stream, or Wadi Ali in Arabic.
Bakir Nurković
Bakir Nurković (born 5 April 2005) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Montenegrin First League club Bokelj on loan from Sarajevo. He has represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at various youth levels.

Montenegrin First League
The Montenegrin First League (Montenegrin: Prva crnogorska fudbalska liga — Prva CFL — 1. CFL; pronounced [pr̂ːvaː t͡srnǒɡorskaː fûdbaːlskaː lǐːɡa]), referred to as the Meridianbet 1. CFL for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional football league in Montenegro. Founded in 2006, the competition is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. 10 teams participate in this league. The winner of the Montenegrin First League enter the qualifications for the UEFA Champions League from the first round. The second and third placed teams and Montenegrin Cup winner play in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Conference League. The last placed team is directly relegated to the Montenegrin Second League, and the two next lowest ranked teams play in Montenegrin First League playoffs.
2000 Japanese Formula 3 Championship
The 2000 Japanese Formula 3 Championship was the 22nd edition of the Japanese Formula 3 Championship. It began on 26 March at Suzuka and ended on 5 November at the same place. French driver Sébastien Philippe took the championship title, winning three from ten races.

Sébastien Philippe
Sébastien Philippe (born 8 February 1975) is a French racing driver. He has competed in such series as Super GT and the French Formula Three Championship. Philippe won the All-Japan Formula Three Championship in 2000 and previously had won the 1993 Formula Campus by Renault and Elf season. He also finished runner-up in Super GT's GT500 category in 2006 alongside Shinya Hosokawa.

Philippe currently manages the French motorsport team ART Grand Prix.