hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zang (bell)
Zang (Persian: زنگ) means bell in Persian, for both large bells and small. The term has historically been applied to a number of ringing metal musical instruments,  including large bells with clappers worn by elephants, smaller 3-9 inch bells worn on camels, horses, donkeys and cattle, 2-3 inch sheep bells,  and tiny bells tied to the legs of hawks. It also applies to clusters of small bells worn by musicians and dancers, sewn onto cloth bracelets and anklets, or laced on a long string to be wrapped around the waist or hung as a necklace.

Additionally, the name in many forms has been applied to cymbals,  especially small finger cymbals (Persian: sanj angshati سنج انگشتی) used by dancers, known worldwide today as zills, but also to some larger cymbals including the Iranian sanj or Iraqi zanj.

That cymbals and bells have been differentiated in Persian can be seen in the Shahnameh which refers to both instruments together:

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
John Crabbe (died 1352)
John Crabbe (before 1305 – 1352) was a Flemish merchant, pirate and soldier who was active for around 35 years of his life. He defended Berwick Castle for the Scots against English forces in 1318, but after being captured by the English in 1332 he assisted the English when they again besieged Berwick in 1333, and became a loyal servant of Edward III, for whom he also fought at the Battle of Sluys in 1340.

Somerton Castle
Somerton Castle is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village of Boothby Graffoe in Lincolnshire, England and to the south of the city of Lincoln, England. The site is on low-lying land between the Lincoln Edge and the River Witham. Although Somerton Castle is in the parish of Boothby Graffoe, it is in the Manor of Waddington and this portion is often referred to as the Manor of Somerton Castle.  Antony Bek probably built the castle in 1281 and he gave it to King Edward II in 1309. King John II of France was imprisoned at Somerton Castle between 1359 and 1360, having been taken prisoner after the Battle of Poitiers. It continued as crown property until it was sold by Charles I in 1628, since when the castle has continued in private ownership.
2004 US Open – Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2004 US Open. It was his first US Open title and fourth major title overall. He was the first man to capture the Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships, and US Open in a season since Jimmy Connors in 1974. With the win, he became the tenth man to win three majors in a calendar year.

Andy Roddick was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Joachim Johansson.

This marked the final major singles appearances of Todd Martin and Wayne Ferreira, the latter of whom made a record 56th consecutive major singles appearance.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Topa Atao
Topa Atao was a brother and commander of Huascar's forces in the Inca Civil War. After defeat at Chimborazo and the initial success at halting Atahualpa's forces at Wanuku Pampa, he was ordered by the retreating Huascar to lead a force of recognition into a ravine upon the emerging armies of Chalkuchimac and Quizquiz. Chalkuchimac divided up his forces, attacking Topa Atao from several directions, capturing him and destroying the recognition force. His fate remains unknown. He was possibly gored in the head by zealous warriors who wanted to have his position.

Quizquiz
Quizquiz or Quisquis was, along with Chalcuchimac and Rumiñawi, one of Inca emperor Atahualpa's leading generals. In April 1532, he and his companions led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan, where, along with Chalkuchimac, they defeated and captured Huáscar and promptly killed his family, seizing the capital, Cuzco. Quizquiz later commanded Atahualpa's troops in the battles of Vilcaconga, Cuzco (both 1533) and Maraycalla (1534), ultimately being bested by the Spanish forces in both accounts.

After the ensuing battles, Quizquiz fled further into the safety of the Andean mountains, but his forces soon demanded that he accept the Spanish demands, and, it being planting season, that they be able to return to their families. Quizquiz refused, and his war-weary troops eventually killed him in 1535.
1975 Paris–Roubaix
The 1975 Paris–Roubaix was the 73rd edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 13 April 1975. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck of the Brooklyn team.

Brooklyn (cycling team)
Brooklyn was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1973 to 1977. It was a mainly a one-day classics team and featured riders such as Roger De Vlaeminck, who won Paris–Roubaix four times. For the first three seasons it was sponsored by the Italian beer Dreher, and then for the following seasons by Italy's Brooklyn Chewing Gum.

Brooklyn won the Giro d'Italia team classification in 1975 and 1976.

The documentary film A Sunday in Hell features the team during the 1976 Paris–Roubaix.
Alberto Salomón Osorio
Alberto Salomón Osorio (Callao; November 15, 1877 — Lima; April 7, 1959) was a Peruvian diplomat and politician.

He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three occasions, between 1920 and 1925, during the second government of Augusto B. Leguía. He is well remembered for having signed with the minister plenipotentiary of Colombia, Fabio Lozano Torrijos, the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty, which resolved the Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute (March 24, 1922). He was also Minister of Justice, Instruction and Worship (1919-1920), interim Minister of Finance and Commerce (1920) and interim Minister of the Navy (1921), as well as deputy and senator of the Republic.

Embassy of Colombia, Lima
The Embassy of Colombia in Peru represents the permanent diplomatic mission of the Republic of Colombia in Peru. It is located at the sixth floor of the Edificio Cromo, an office building located at 340 Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Avenue, in central San Isidro District, Lima. The building is shared with the delegation of the European Union to Peru.
Teody Belarmino
Teodulfo Decena Belarmino (1922-1984) was a Filipino actor originally from the rustic town of Calamba, Laguna.

The first stage of Belarmino's career was dedicated to his home studio LVN Pictures. Belarmino is one of the leading men in the stable of fine seasoned actors under the stewardship of LVN Studios. Some of his leading ladies are: Rebecca Gonzales in Mutya ng Pasig, Tessie Quintana in Kapitan Erlinda ng Candaba, Celia Flor in Ang Tapis Mo Inday, and Lilia Dizon in Venus.

In September 1967, Belarmino was among the four perpetrators in the fatal shooting of Arturo Fernandez, son of politician Estanislao Fernandez. Though Belarmino and the three attempted to bring him to the hospital, Fernandez was declared dead upon arrival, with Belarmino surrendering to the police the day after and arguing self-defense.

Rebecca E. Gonzales
Rebecca Eliza Gonzales (born May 19, 1963) is an American diplomat who had served as the director of the Office of Foreign Missions. She served as the United States ambassador to Lesotho from 2018 to 2022.
Silvio Francesconi
Silvio Francesconi (23 October 1952 – 1 June 2021) was an Italian football player and manager. He played as a midfielder for, among others, A.S.D. Sarzanese Calcio 1906, Ternana Calcio and S.S.D. Sanremese Calcio.

Francesconi died on 1 June 2021, aged 68, from COVID-19.

SSD Sanremese Calcio
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Sanremese Calcio, commonly referred to as Sanremese, is an Italian association football club, based in Sanremo, Liguria.

The historical U.S. Sanremese was liquidated in 1987. The present-day club was established in 2015.

Currently it plays in Serie D.
ABBA (album)
ABBA is the third studio album by the Swedish pop group ABBA. It was originally released on 21 April 1975 through Polar Music and featured the hits "SOS", "I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" and "Mamma Mia".

Björn Ulvaeus
Björn Kristian Ulvaeus (Swedish: [ˈbjœːɳ ɵlˈvěːɵs] ⓘ; born 25 April 1945) is a Swedish musician, singer, songwriter, and producer best known as a member of the musical group ABBA. He is also the co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia!  He co-produced the films Mamma Mia! and Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again with fellow ABBA member and close friend Benny Andersson. He is the oldest member of the group.
Olga Beaver
Olga Beaver (12 November 1942 – 7 December 2012), informally called Ollie, was a Czech-American mathematician and Professor of Mathematics at Williams College.  She was the recipient of the second Louise Hay Award from the Association for Women in Mathematics.  She is noted for having founded the Summer Science Program at Williams. She served as the director of the SSP for many years, and was the chair of the Mathematics Department at Williams for five and a half years.

Czech Americans
Czech Americans (Czech: Čechoameričané), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States whose ancestry wholly or partly originates from the Czech lands, a term which refers to the majority of the traditional lands of the Bohemian Crown, namely Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. These lands over time have been governed by a variety of states, including the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name, Czechia. Germans from the Czech lands who emigrated to the United States are usually identified as German Americans, or, more specifically, as Americans of German Bohemian descent. According to the 2000 U.S. census, there are 1,262,527 Americans of full or partial Czech descent, in addition to 441,403 persons who list their ancestry as Czechoslovak.
Phil Ek
Phil Ek is an American record producer, engineer and mixer. Ek began his career in Seattle, Washington in the early 1990s recording live sound in clubs. He then moved into studio recording, recording small projects and demos for local bands. Around this time, Ek was frequently working with influential producer Jack Endino. Producing Built to Spill's second album, There's Nothing Wrong with Love, proved to be Ek's mainstream breakthrough (the album has since ranked in the Top Ten of Spin Magazine's top indie records of all time). Along with Built to Spill, Phil Ek has also worked with such indie rock bands as Band of Horses, Fleet Foxes, Modest Mouse, Murder City Devils,      The Shins, Duster, 764-HERO, Big Business and Mudhoney.

Jack Endino
Jack Endino (born Michael M. Giacondino; 1964) is an American producer and musician based in Seattle, Washington. Long associated with Seattle label Sub Pop and the grunge movement, Endino worked on seminal albums from bands including Mudhoney, Soundgarden and Nirvana.  He was also the guitarist for Seattle band Skin Yard, which was active between 1985 and 1992. He played guitar in Sky Cries Mary on three albums, from  2018-2024.
Meyers–Serrin theorem
In functional analysis the Meyers–Serrin theorem, named after James Serrin and Norman George Meyers, states that smooth functions are dense in the Sobolev space 
for arbitrary domains . A domain  is any open, non-empty subset of .

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
Oral submucous fibrosis
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes fibrotic to the point that the person is unable to open the mouth. The condition is remotely linked to oral cancers and is associated with the chewing of areca nut and/or its byproducts, commonly practiced in South and South-East Asian countries. The incidence of OSF has also increased in western countries due to changing habits and population migration.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Damishi Sango
Hon Damishi Tonson Sango Listenⓘ(born 1 January 1950) was appointed Nigerian Minister of Sports in the first cabinet of President Olusegun Obasanjo, holding office between June 1999 and January 2001. He was a challenger to become the People's Democratic Party (PDP) governorship candidate for Plateau State in 1999 and 2007, and ran for Plateau State governor on the Alliance for Democracy (AD) platform in 2003.

Plateau State
Plateau is a Nigerian state located in the North Central geopolitical zone. Its capital city is Jos. Officially nicknamed the "Home of Peace and Tourism", the state has a population of around 4.7 million people.
Christian-Wirth-Schule
Christian-Wirth-Schule (Christian Wirth School) is a secondary school located in Usingen, Germany.  Originally established as a school of education  (German historical designation: Lehrerbildungsanstalt für evangelische Seminaristen) in 1851, it was later renamed in 1922 to Christian-Wirth-Schule, named after the accomplished attorney at law, Christian Wirth, who resided in the area.

CWS publishes its own independent newspaper called the Knorke. ("Knorke" is a German slang word comparable to modern day slang usage of the word "cool" in the English language which dates as far back as the 1920s.)

School of education
In the United States and Canada, a school of education (or college of education; ed school) is a division within a university that is devoted to scholarship in the field of education, which is an interdisciplinary branch of the social sciences encompassing sociology, psychology, linguistics, economics, political science, public policy, history, and others, all applied to the topic of elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education. The U.S. has 1,206 schools, colleges and departments of education and they exist in 78 per cent of all universities and colleges.  According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 176,572 individuals were conferred master's degrees in education by degree-granting institutions in the United States in 2006–2007. The number of master's degrees conferred has grown immensely since the 1990s and accounts for one of the discipline areas that awards the highest number of master's degrees in the United States.
Government of India Press, Nilokheri
Government of India Press, Nilokheri is a printing agency in Nilokheri in Karnal district in the state of Haryana owned and managed by the Government of India and responsible is for printing national and public documents.

Karnal district
Karnal district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, a state in North India which constitutes the National Capital Region (NCR) of the country. The city of Karnal is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is the administrative headquarters of the district.

As it lies on National highway 44 (old NH-1), it has a well connected transport system to the nearby major cities like Delhi and Chandigarh. Karnal District is also well connected via railways. Karnal Junction lies on Delhi-Kalka line and major trains stops at this station. The district headquarter also has a small aerodrome known as karnal airport.
Ops
In ancient Roman religion, Ops, (Latin: "Plenty") also spelled Opes or Opis, was a fertility and earth goddess of abundance, prosperity, and agriculture, and the consort of Saturn. As Ops Consiva, she presided over the reserved portion of the harvest alongside Consus, the god of stored grain. She was celebrated during two yearly festivals: Opiconsivia in August and Opalia in December.

Ops was frequently compared to goddesses like Demeter, Cybele, Ceres, and Terra, who were similarly associated with the earth and agriculture. She was conflated with the Greek Rhea, mother of the first generation Olympians and consort of Cronus, the Greek equivalent of Saturn.

De Mulieribus Claris
De Mulieribus Claris or De Claris Mulieribus (Latin for "Concerning Famous Women") is a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, composed in Latin prose in 1361–1362. It is the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in post-ancient Western literature. At the same time as he was writing On Famous Women, Boccaccio also compiled a collection of biographies of famous men, De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (On the Fates of Famous Men).
2009–10 Eerste Klasse
2009–10 Eerste Klasse was a Dutch association football season of the Eerste Klasse.

Saturday champions were:

A: VV Young Boys

B: Voorschoten '97

C: VV Heerjansdam

D: SVZW Wierden

E: Oranje Nassau Groningen

Sunday champions were:

A: VV De Zouaven

B: VV Nieuwenhoorn

C: VV Dongen (through finals)

D: SV Deurne

E: VV Rigtersbleek

F: Friesche Voetbal Club

SV Deurne
SV Deurne is a football club from Deurne, Netherlands. Deurne will be playing in the Sunday Hoofdklasse B (4th tier) in the 2013–14 season.

The club was founded in 1942, when D.O.S. and Deurania merged. Deurne became champions of the 2007–08 Sunday Hoofdklasse B. At that time, the Hoofdklasse was the highest tier of Dutch amateur football.

Deurne won the 2010 and 2013 KNVB District Cup in the Zuid 2 (South 2) District.
State Literary Award (Sri Lanka)
The State Literary Award is a set of annual literary prizes by the Government of Sri Lanka under several categories. The awards cover fiction, poetry, translations, songs and cover designs. Works from Sinhala, Tamil and English language are reviewed.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
Nevus comedonicus
Nevus comedonicus, also known as a comedo nevus, is characterized by closely arranged, grouped, often linear, slightly elevated papules that have at their center keratinous plugs resembling comedones.: 634 : 774

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.
JAR (file format)
A JAR ("Java archive") file is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution.

JAR files are archive files that include a Java-specific manifest file. They are built on the ZIP format and typically have a .jar file extension.

Package format
Package format is a type of archive containing computer programs and additional metadata needed by package managers; an instance of this type of archive is called a package. While the archive file format itself may be unchanged, package formats carry additional metadata, such as a manifest file or certain directory layouts. Packages may contain either source code or executable files.

Packages may be converted from one type to another with software such as Alien.