hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanjak of Hamid
The Sanjak of Hamid (also Hamideli) was a second-level province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire.

The sanjak comprised the region around the town of Isparta, which was ruled by the Hamidids, an autonomous Turkish dynasty that submitted to the Ottomans in 1390 or 1391/92. It became part of the Anatolia Eyalet, but was lost after the Battle of Ankara (1402) and not re-incorporated into the Ottoman state until 1423. After the Anatolia Eyalet was dissolved ca. 1841, it became part of the Karaman Eyalet. It was renamed after its capital as the Sanjak of Isparta in 1880, and again as the Sanjak of Hamidabad in 1891. In 1912 it comprised the districts (kazas) of Isparta proper, Uluborlu, Egridir, Karaağaç, and Yalvaç.

Isparta
Isparta is a city in western Turkey. It is the seat of Isparta Province and Isparta District. Its population is 247,580 (2022). Its elevation is 1035 m. It is known as the "City of Roses".
Isparta is well-connected to other parts of Turkey via roads. Antalya lies 130 km to the south and Eskişehir is 350 km to the north.
Süleyman Demirel University has introduced thousands of youths from varied backgrounds to the city's mostly conservative fabric in recent years. The city’s football team, Isparta 32 Spor, was founded in 1976 in Isparta. The club’s colors are green and pink, and the team plays its home matches at the 4,345-seat Isparta Atatürk City Stadium. It currently competes in the TFF Second League.
Konstantin Pollok
Konstantin Pollok is a German philosopher and Professor of Modern Philosophy at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. He is known for his works on Kantian philosophy and a winner of North American Kant Society Senior Scholar Book Prize.

University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It has been named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. As of 2018, it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

The first university of Mainz was founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, although it was later closed and re-founded 148 years later.
Stein manifold
In mathematics, in the theory of several complex variables and complex manifolds, a Stein manifold is a complex submanifold of the vector space of n complex dimensions. They were introduced by and named after Karl Stein (1951). A Stein space is similar to a Stein manifold but is allowed to have singularities. Stein spaces are the analogues of affine varieties or affine schemes in algebraic geometry.

Spectrum of a ring
In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a commutative ring  is the set of all prime ideals of , and is usually denoted by ; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with a sheaf of rings.
Chatan, Okinawa
Chatan (北谷町, Chatan-chō; Okinawan: Chatan, Northern Ryukyuan: きたたん Kitatan) is a town located in Nakagami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As of October 2016 the town had an estimated population of 28,578 and the density of 2,100 per km². The total area of Chatan is 13.62 square kilometres (5.26 mi2). 53.5% of the land area of the town is covered by United States military bases.

Northern Ryukyuan languages
The Northern Ryukyuan languages, also known as the Amami–Okinawan languages, are a group of languages spoken in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture and the Okinawa Islands, Okinawa Prefecture of southwestern Japan. It is one of two primary branches of the Ryukyuan languages, which are then part of the Japonic languages. The subdivisions of Northern Ryukyuan are a matter of scholarly debate.
Idiot (2022 film)
Idiot is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language parody comedy horror film directed by Rambhala and produced by Screen Scene Media Entertainment Pvt Ltd. The film stars Shiva, Nikki Galrani, and Akshara Gowda. The music was composed by Vikram Selva with cinematography by Raja Bhattacharjee and editing by Gingee Madhavan. The film was initially planned for release in theatres in September 2021 but was postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic. The film was finally released in theatres on 1 April 2022. The film received mixed to negative reviews.

Nikki Galrani
Nikita Galrani Pinisetty (née Galrani; born 3 January 1992) is an Indian actress known for her works in Tamil and Malayalam films. Her commercially successful films include 1983 (2014), Vellimoonga (2014), Darling (2015) and Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran (2016).
ENS@T
European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors  – ENS@T was founded in 2009 to promote research on adrenal tumors. Its target is to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology and natural progression, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of adrenal tumors and adrenal hormone excess.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Populars for Prodi
The Populars for Prodi (Italian: Popolari per Prodi) was an electoral list of political parties in Italy.

The list participated in the 1996 general election as a component of The Olive Tree, supporting Romano Prodi as candidate for Prime Minister. The list, contested seats for the Chamber of Deputies, receiving 6.8% of the vote and 72 deputies (including Prodi).

1996 Italian general election
The 1996 Italian general election was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Romano Prodi, leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree, won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi, who led the centre-right Pole for Freedoms.

For the election, the Northern League of Umberto Bossi ran alone after having left the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994, causing a crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini, which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament. The Communist Refoundation Party, led by Fausto Bertinotti, made a pre-electoral alliance with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe leftist constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government.
Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110)
The Chola invasion of Kalinga in 1110 CE was the second and more famous of the two campaigns against the kingdom of Kalinga undertaken during the reign of Kulothunga I. The forces led by the Pallava chief, Karunakara Tondaiman, achieved an easy victory over the army of Kalinga forcing its king, Anantavarman Chodaganga to flee.However, the second kalinga war led to no annexations . The war and its causes form the subject of the ballad, Kalingattuparani.

Karunakara Tondaiman
Karunakara Tondaiman was a  general of Chola Emperor Kulottunga I. He is renowned for leading the Chola invasion of Kalinga during the reign of Kulottunga I and is the hero of Jayamkondar's poem Kalinkkattuparani  In the Parani poem he is referred to as the lord of Vandai. while in the Draksharamam inscription of Kulottunga I, he is called as Vanduvaraja and Pallavaraja. He also served as a minister under Kulothunga Chola's son and successor, Vikrama Chola.
Mis Ainak Region
The Mis Ainak Region are one of five Afghanistan men's first-class cricket teams that make up Afghanistan Cricket.It competes in the Mirwais Nika 3-Day Tournament first class (3-day) competition, Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament domestic one day competition and the Qosh Tepa National T20 Cup Twenty20 competition.

The region represents the following provinces in the southeast of Afghanistan, to the south of the capital Kabul: Khost, Logar, Paktia and Paktika. The team is named after Mes Aynak, an archaeological site in Logar Province.

Paktika Province
Paktika (Pashto, Dari: پکتیکا) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. Forming part of the larger Loya Paktia region, Paktika has a population of about 789,000 residents, who are mostly ethnic Pashtuns but smaller communities of Tajiks and others may also be found in the province. The town of Sharana serves as the provincial capital, while the most populous city is Urgun.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Cultural impact of TikTok
The online video platform TikTok has had worldwide a social, political, and cultural impact since its global launch in September 2016. The platform has rapidly grown its userbase since its launch and surpassed 2 billion downloads in October 2020. It became the world's most popular website, ahead of Google, for the year 2021.

Online video platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other interfaces (API), and typically provide embedded codes or links that allow others to view the video content.
Wanblee, South Dakota
Wanblee (Lakota: Waŋblí Hoȟpi; "Golden Eagle Nest") is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, located in Jackson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 674 at the 2020 census, virtually all of whom are members of the Oglala tribe of Lakota Sioux. Wanbli is the Lakota word for eagle, and the town was named for its proximity to Wanbli hohpi paha (Eagle Nest Butte). Wanblee is a few miles directly northeast of the North American continental pole of inaccessibility.

The 1992 movie Thunderheart was partly filmed in Wanblee. It appeared as an unnamed town on the fictional Bear Creek Reservation, for which is actually located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

Oglala
The Oglala (Lakota pronunciation: [oɡəˈlala] – lit. 'to scatter one's own') are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota, make up the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). A majority of the Oglala live on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, the eighth-largest Native American reservation in the United States.

The Oglala are a federally recognized tribe whose official title is the  Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.
1961 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team
The 1961 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team was an American football team that represented Western Illinois University as a member of the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1961 college football season. In their second year under head coach Art Dufelmeier, the Leathernecks compiled a 5–3 record (4–2 in conference games) and tied for second place in the IIAC.

Halfback Leroy Jackson led the team with 560 rushing yards and 56 points scored. He also finished third in the NCAA in the 100-yard dash, received first-team honors on the 1961 Little All-America college football team, and was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the first round (11th overall pick) of the 1962 NFL draft.

Quarterback Bill Roper led the team with 635 passing yards.

1962 NFL draft
The 1962 NFL draft was held on December 4, 1961 at the Sheraton Hotel in Chicago, Illinois.

The Washington Redskins used the first overall pick of the draft to select running back Ernie Davis, then subsequently traded him to the Cleveland Browns.
Annie Chapelier
Annie Chapelier (born 7 November 1967) is a French nurse anesthetist and politician who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing the department of Gard. From 2017 until 2020, she was a member of La République En Marche! (LREM). In May 2020, she was one of the 17 initial members of the short-lived Ecology Democracy Solidarity group.

Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. They are involved in the administration of anesthesia in a majority of countries, with varying levels of autonomy, which may include some or all anesthesia services before, during, and after surgery. They are also concerned with patient advocacy, safety and professional development. In some localities, nurse anesthetists provide anesthesia to patients independently; in others they do so under the supervision of physicians. The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists was established in 1989 as a forum for developing standards of education, practice, and a code of ethics.
Ou Xuanyi
Ou Xuanyi (Chinese: 歐烜屹; pinyin: Ōu Xǔanyì; born 23 January 1994) is a Chinese badminton player. He was part of China winning team in the 2019 Asia Mixed Team Championships, 2022 Asian Games, 2023 Sudirman Cup, and at the 2024 Thomas Cup. He has won eight World Tour titles, and reached a career high as World number 2 in the men's doubles on 30 May 2023.

2019 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships
The 2019 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships were the second edition of the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships which was held at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong from 19 to 24 March 2019. It was organised by Badminton Asia and Hong Kong Badminton Association. The event was also known as the Tong Yun Kai Cup 2019.
Joel Thompson (rugby league)
Joel Thompson (born 24 August 1988) is a retired Australian professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for St Helens in the Super League, and for the Canberra Raiders, St George Illawarra Dragons and the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the National Rugby League (NRL). Thompson has played for the Indigenous All stars and NSW Country Origin side at representative level, and played as a centre in the NRL earlier in his career.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Cancellara
Cancellara (Lucano: Cangeddàre) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Acerenza, Avigliano, Oppido Lucano, Pietragalla, Tolve, Vaglio Basilicata.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
Teeuwen
Teeuwen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈteːu.ə(n)]) is a Dutch patronymic surname. Teeuw, Teeuwes, Tewis, Theeuwis etc. are archaic short forms of the given name Matthew/Mattheus. The surname has many variant forms, including Tewes and Theeuwes. People with the surname include:

David Teeuwen (1970–2015), American editor and journalist

Hans Teeuwen (born 1967), Dutch comedian, musician, actor and filmmaker

Ingrid Teeuwen (born 1981), Dutch weightlifter

Margje Teeuwen (born 1974), Dutch field hockey midfielder

Mark Teeuwen (born 1966), Dutch academic and Japanologist

Variant forms

Andries Teeuw (1921–2012), Dutch critic of Indonesian literature

Anouk Teeuwe (born 1975), Dutch singer-songwriter and record producer known as Anouk

Arjen Teeuwissen (born 1971), Dutch equestrian

Len Teeuws (1927–2006), American football player

Fred Teeven ((born 1958), Dutch VVD politician

Arjen Teeuwissen
Arjen Gerald Teeuwissen (29 March 1971 – 29 May 2024) was a Dutch equestrian, who won the silver medal in the Team Dressage event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He did so alongside Anky van Grunsven, Ellen Bontje, and Coby van Baalen.

Teeuwissen was one of eight LGBT Olympians, who were also equestrians at the 2000 Olympic Games. At the medal ceremony of the team dressage, the three men of the twelve who were awarded medals were all gay men, Robert Dover and Guenter Seidel (both USA, bronze) and Teeuwissen. He died in Zoersel, Belgium on 29 May 2024, aged 53.
The Poison Sky
"The Poison Sky" is the fifth episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was broadcast on BBC One on 3 May 2008. The episode features both former companion Martha Jones and the alien Sontarans. It is the second of a two-part story; the first part, "The Sontaran Stratagem", was broadcast on 26 April.

Continuing from the previous episode, "The Poison Sky" reveals the poisonous gas that is choking the Earth's atmosphere is intended as a way of feeding new batches of Sontaran clones that would be bred on Earth for war.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Caning in Brunei
Caning, also referred to as whipping in traditional British legislative terminology, is used as a form of judicial corporal punishment in Brunei. This practice is heavily influenced by Brunei's history as a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984. Similar forms of corporal punishment are also used in two of Brunei's neighbouring countries, Singapore and Malaysia, which are themselves former British colonies.

The courts routinely sentence adult male criminals to caning for a wide range of offences similar to those punishable by caning in Malaysia. It is usually, or possibly always, ordered in addition to a prison sentence. In the case of juvenile male offenders, however, caning is sometimes ordered as a single punishment without the prison term. The procedure is generally similar to that in Singapore and Malaysia.

British protectorate
British protectorates were protectorates under the jurisdiction of the British government. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. British protectorates were therefore governed by indirect rule. In most cases, the local ruler, as well as the subjects of the ruler, were not British subjects, but rather British protected persons. British protected states represented a more loose form of British suzerainty, where the local rulers retained absolute control over the states' internal affairs and the British exercised control over defence and foreign affairs.
I Will Dare
"I Will Dare" is a song by American alternative rock band The Replacements, written by Paul Westerberg. The song's pop stylings were a departure from the band's punk origins and its lyrics reflected the band's willingness to "dare to do anything." The track also features guitar performed by Peter Buck of R.E.M.

The song was released as a single on independent record label Twin/Tone Records in July 1984, shortly before the release of the band's album Let It Be that October, on which the song served as the opening track. The song has since seen critical acclaim and has been named by music writers as one of the band's best songs.

Hey, Good Lookin' (song)
"Hey, Good Lookin'" is a 1951 song written and recorded by Hank Williams, and his version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. In 2003, CMT voted the Hank Williams version number 19 on CMT's 100 Greatest Songs of Country Music. Since its original 1951 recording, it has been covered by a variety of artists.
Sybra striatopunctata
Sybra striatopunctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

It's 7–11 mm long and 2.7-3.5 mm wide, and its type locality is Fauro Island, Solomon Islands.

Fauro Island
Fauro Island is an island of the Shortland Islands archipelago in Western Province, Solomon Islands, located to the south of Bougainville Island at 6°55′S 156°4′E﻿ / ﻿6.917°S 156.067°E﻿ / -6.917; 156.067﻿ (Fauro Island). Along the center spine of the island are Mount Pauboleala with an elevation of 574 metres, Mount Lalauka with an elevation of 517 m, and Sharp Peak with an elevation of 484 m.
Arzni Airport
Arzni Airport (Armenian: Արզնի օդանավակայան) (previously known as Yerevan Yeghvard Airport) (Armenian: Երևան Եղվարդ օդանավակայան) is a military airport located near the town of Nor Hachn, 13 km (8 mi) north of Yerevan and 2 km (1 mi) west of Arzni.

The airport serves as a training base and is attached to the Armenak Khanperyants Military Aviation University, operated by the Ministry of Defence of Armenia. The airport also hosts several military exhibitions and training exercises as well as RC Aircraft events. The airport currently hosts several Antonov An-2, Yak-52 and Piper Archer aircraft as well as several Mil Mi-2 helicopters used for training.

Yakovlev Yak-52
The Yakovlev Yak-52 (Russian: Яковлев Як-52) is a Soviet primary trainer aircraft which first flew in 1976. It was produced in Romania from 1977 to 1998 by Aerostar, as Iak-52, which gained manufacturing rights under agreement within the former COMECON socialist trade organisation. The Yak-52 was designed as an aerobatic trainer for students in the Soviet DOSAAF training organisation, which trained civilian sport pilots and military pilots.  Currently the Yak-52 is used in the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) World Aerobatic Yak 52 Competition, a popular powered aircraft one-design World Aerobatic Championship.