hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Micronization
Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles. Traditional techniques for micronization focus on mechanical means, such as milling and grinding. Modern techniques make use of the properties of supercritical fluids and manipulate the principles of solubility.

The term micronization usually refers to the reduction of average particle diameters to the micrometer range, but can also describe further reduction to the nanometer scale. Common applications include the production of active chemical ingredients, foodstuff ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. These chemicals need to be micronized to increase efficacy.

Process (engineering)
In engineering, a process is a series of interrelated tasks that, together, transform inputs into a given output. These tasks may be carried out by people, nature or machines using various resources; an engineering process must be considered in the context of the agents carrying out the tasks and the resource attributes involved. Systems engineering normative documents and those related to Maturity Models are typically based on processes, for example, systems engineering processes of the EIA-632 and processes involved in the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) institutionalization and improvement approach. Constraints imposed on the tasks and resources required to implement them are essential for executing the tasks mentioned.
Meredith Graves
Meredith Graves (born September 5, 1987) is an American musician. She fronted the punk rock band Perfect Pussy. In addition to making her own music, she ran independent music label Honor Press and served as director of music for the crowdfunding site Kickstarter. Graves is also a writer and music journalist, and has served as an anchor at MTV News.

MTV News
MTV News was the news production division of MTV. The service was available in the US with localized versions on MTV's global network and an online news team. In 2016, MTV refreshed the MTV News brand to compete with the likes of BuzzFeed and Vice, but by mid-2017 MTV News was significantly downsized due to cutbacks.

MTV News content was available from respective MTV websites, Apps, YouTube and on-air.

In November 2018, MTV News began producing daily updates on Twitter titled MTV News: You Need to Know. Later titled MTV News Need to Know, the show evolved to a digital series that covered trending topics from pop culture to social justice issues to electoral politics and beyond.

On May 9, 2023, it was announced that the division would close. The associated website shut down on June 24, 2024.
Meggernie Castle
Meggernie Castle is a castle in the heart of Perth and Kinross, in central Scotland. It is located halfway up Glen Lyon, where the river Lyon flows through on its way to join the river Tay, shortly below Loch Tay. From 1920, until his death in 1958 the castle was owned by Sir Ernest Wills, 3rd Baronet JP, CStJ. From 1958, until its sale in 1979, the castle was owned by Sir Ernest's son and successor to the baronetcy; Lt. Col. Sir (Ernest) Edward de Winton-Wills, 4th Baronet of Hazelwood.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
San Gabriele railway station
San Gabriele (Italian: Stazione di San Gabriele) is a railway station in the Italian city of Bari, in the Province of Bari, Apulia. The station lies on the Bari–San Paolo railway. The train services are operated by Ferrotramviaria.

Province of Bari
The province of Bari (Italian: provincia di Bari; Neapolitan: pruvincia 'e Bari; Barese: provinge de Bare) was a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Bari.

It had an area of 5,138 km2 (1,984 sq mi), and a total population of 1,594,109 (2005). On 1 January 2015 it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Bari.
Burmah Road, George Town
Burmah Road is a major thoroughfare in the city of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. The  3.7 km (2.3 mi) long road is a major artery leading out of the city centre towards the suburb of Tanjong Tokong.

Burmah Road is one of the few places worldwide that was named after the nation state of Burma (now Myanmar). As its name implies, the road was once home to a significant Burmese community. In addition, ethnic Eurasians and Thais still live at or around the vicinity of the road within Pulau Tikus, contributing to the street's multicultural character.

The road is also well known as one of the destinations in the city to sample the famed local cuisine. The most popular hawker centres at Burmah Road are New World Park and the Pulau Tikus Wet Market.

Central George Town, Penang
Central George Town is the city centre of George Town, the capital of the Malaysian state of Penang. It corresponds to the eponymous subdivision of George Town, which is mostly identical to the original city limits established when George Town was granted city status in 1957.

Encompassing 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) of the northeastern promontory of Penang Island, the city centre stretches from Gurney Drive in the northwest to The Light Waterfront development in the southeast, encompassing the Central Business District and the 260 ha (2.6 km2) UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also home to the seats of the executive and legislative branches of the Penang state government.
Duhail
Duhail (Arabic: دحيل, romanized: Duḩayl) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Doha. The district's northern half accommodates the main base of the Internal Security Forces (also known as Lekhwiya) as well as Abdullah bin Khalifa Stadium, which serves as the home grounds for Qatar Stars League club Al-Duhail SC.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
Houédo-Aguékon
Houédo-Aguékon is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Sô-Ava. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 10,610.

Atlantique Department
Atlantique ([a.tlɑ̃.tik], "Atlantic") is one of the twelve departments in Benin. The department is located in south-central Benin along the Atlantic coast, between Mono and Kouffo Department in the west, Zou in the north, and Ouémé in the east. The department of Atlantique was bifurcated in 1999 when some of its territories was transferred to the newly formed Littoral Department.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 1,398,229, with 686,747 males and 711,482 females. The proportion of women was 50.90%. The total rural population was 55.50%, while the urban population was 44.50%. The total labour force in the department was 433,515, of which 43.40% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 39.20% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 77.30%.
93rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
The 93rd Mechanized Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar" (Ukrainian: 93-тя окрема механізована бригада «Холодний Яр», romanized: 93 okrema mekhanizovana bryhada "Kholodnyi Yar") is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 1992. It has been described as "one of the most brutally effective" of Ukraine’s front-line brigades.

By January 2023, Western analysts claimed that due to captured Russian and donated Western equipment and incorporation of local volunteer battalions into the units structure, the 93rd was the size of an armored division, being a mechanized brigade in name only. The brigade is named after the Kholodnyi Yar Republic, a Ukrainian partisan state during the Ukrainian War of Independence.

Barvinkove
Barvinkove (Ukrainian: Барвінкове, IPA: [bɐrˈwʲinkowe] ⓘ; Russian: Барвинково, romanized: Barvinkovo) is a city in Izium Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Barvinkove urban hromada, one of the communities of Ukraine. Population: 7,840 (2022 estimate).
The Five Dollar Smile
The Five Dollar Smile: And Other Stories is a short story collection by Indian politician Shashi Tharoor, published in 1990 by Viking Press. The stories collected were written in the author's late teens and initially published in various magazines and newspapers including JS, The Illustrated Weekly of India, Eve's Weekly, Youth Times, Gentleman, The New Review and Cosmopolitan.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Diplomat pudding
Diplomat pudding (French: Diplomate au Bavarois) is a cold dessert prepared in a mold.  There are two methods of preparation.  The more common method uses ladyfingers soaked in rum or Kirsch flavored syrup, layered with candied fruit, apricot jam, and an egg custard or Bavarian cream.  This is then refrigerated, then later removed from the mold and coated with a fruit sauce or custard cream.

In the second method of preparation, the ladyfingers are replaced with stale brioche soaked in milk, and the entire pudding is cooked in a bain-marie before the refrigeration process.

Kirsch
Kirschwasser (/ˈkɪərʃvɑːsər/, UK also /-væsər/, German: [ˈkɪɐʃvasɐ] ⓘ; German for 'cherry water'), or just Kirsch (German: [kɪʁʃ] ⓘ; the term used in Switzerland and France, less so in Germany), is a clear, colourless brandy from Germany, Switzerland, and France, traditionally made from double distillation of morello cherries. It is now also made from other kinds of cherries. The cherry stones are included in the fermentation process, not removed beforehand. Unlike cherry liqueurs and cherry brandies, Kirschwasser is not sweet. It is sometimes distilled from fermented cherry juice.
D'Youville University
D'Youville University (D'Youville or DYU) is a private university in Buffalo, New York, United States. It was founded as D'Youville College in 1908 and named by the Grey Nuns after the patroness saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville. As of fall 2022 had 54 degree majors in the health sciences, business, and liberal arts for undergraduate and graduate students. In February 2022, the New York State Board of Regents approved a name change to D'Youville University.

Niche (company)
Niche.com, formerly known as College Prowler, is an American company headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that runs a ranking and review site. The company was founded by Luke Skurman in 2002 as a publisher of print guidebooks on U.S. colleges, but is now an online resource providing information on K–12 schools, colleges, cities, neighborhoods, and companies across the United States.
CMA1
Chymase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CMA1 gene.

This gene product is a chymotryptic serine proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family S1. It is expressed in mast cells and thought to function in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the regulation of submucosal gland secretion, and the generation of vasoactive peptides. In the heart and blood vessels, this protein, rather than angiotensin converting enzyme, is largely responsible for converting angiotensin I to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has been implicated in blood pressure control and in the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Thus, this gene product is a target for cardiovascular disease therapies. This gene maps to 14q11.2 in a cluster of genes encoding other proteases.

Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more common, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), as well as concurrent hypertrophy of both ventricles can also occur.

Ventricular hypertrophy can result from a variety of conditions, both adaptive and maladaptive. For example, it occurs in what is regarded as a physiologic, adaptive process in pregnancy in response to increased blood volume; but can also occur as a consequence of ventricular remodeling following a heart attack. Importantly, pathologic and physiologic remodeling engage different cellular pathways in the heart and result in different gross cardiac phenotypes.
Bill Lapworth
Charles William Lapworth (12 December 1919 – 3 April 2006) was an American naval architect who designed a large number of sailboats, many of them for Cal Yachts. He was active as a designer from the early 1950s until the 1980s. Described as "one of the foremost West Coast naval architects in the post-World War II period", he has been nominated to the US National Sailing Hall of Fame.

National Sailing Hall of Fame
The Sailing Museum and National Sailing Hall of Fame is a nonprofit educational organization that promotes sailing and racing by recognizing individuals who have contributed to the sport, highlighting sailing's contribution to the American culture; and demonstrating its value as a hands-on tool for teaching math and science. The organization was established in 2005.
Crawford State Park (Washington)
Crawford State Park Heritage Site is a 40-acre (16 ha) Washington state park located 11 miles (18 km) north of Metaline on the Canada–United States border in Pend Oreille County. The park preserves Gardner Cave, one of the longest natural limestone caves in the state. The cave is approximately 2,072 feet (632 m) feet in length and has stalactites, stalagmites, rimstone pools, and flowstone. The park is open and offers cave tours on a seasonal basis.

Flowstone
Flowstones are sheetlike deposits of calcite or other carbonate minerals, formed where water flows down the walls or along the floors of a cave. They are typically found in "solution caves", in limestone, where they are the most common speleothem. However, they may form in any type of cave where water enters that has picked up dissolved minerals. Flowstones are formed via the degassing of vadose percolation waters.

Flowstone may also form on manmade structures as a result of calcium hydroxide being leached from  concrete, lime or mortar. These secondary deposits created outside the cave environment, which mimic the shapes and forms of speleothems, are classified as "calthemites" and are associated with concrete degradation.
Jeff Marek
Jeffrey James Marek (born Keegan Sean Laughlin, July 9, 1969) is a television personality and radio host for properties originating from Stouffville, Ontario, Canada. Jeff has hosted Live Audio Wrestling, Leafs Lunch (cohosted with former Toronto Maple Leaf executive Bill Watters) and The Jeff Marek Show, as well as making notable television appearances on TSN Off The Record and Leafs TV After the Horn. On October 1, 2007, he started as the host of Hockey Night in Canada Radio, signing a one-year contract with Sirius Satellite Radio in mid-August 2007. From 2011-2024, Marek worked with Sportsnet, before being dismissed due to leaking NHL draft selections to a friend while part of the broadcasting panel. He was the host of Hockey Central and also hosts The CHL on Sportsnet. Between 2014 and 2016 he occasionally hosted Hockey Night in Canada games that were played in the morning. As of 2026, Marek currently hosts hockey related podcast shows with two different networks.

Off the Record with Michael Landsberg
Off the Record with Michael Landsberg, also known as Off the Record or OTR, was a Canadian sports talk show that was hosted by Michael Landsberg. The program aired on TSN from 1997 to 2015, making it one of the longest-running sports talk shows on Canadian television.
Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland
Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland is an Irish company which designs, develops and manufactures powertrains and independent suspension systems for heavy duty trucks, motor coaches and military vehicles. Timoney designs and develops a variety of standard armoured and soft skin mobility systems for military, commercial and specialist applications, principally utilising an independent suspension technology.

ST Engineering
Singapore Technologies Engineering or ST Engineering (ST Engg.) is a Singapore-based multinational technology, defence and engineering group with a diverse portfolio of businesses across the aerospace, smart city, defence and public security segments.

As of 2024, it was the eighth largest company on the Singapore Exchange by market capitalisation. It is a component stock of MSCI Singapore, FTSE Straits Times Index and Dow Jones Best-in-Class Asia Pacific Index. The company is ranked among the top 100 global defence manufacturers by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and Defense News based on defence segment and total revenue respectively.
Kongin Range
The Kongin Range (Russian: Конгинский хребет or Конгинские Горы) is a mountain range in Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The area of the range is uninhabited. Geologically the range is composed of limestone, dolerite and andesite of the Devonian period, as well as Devonian, Jurassic and Cretaceous rhyolite, with some granite and granodiorite intrusions.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
USS Defiance (PG-95)
USS Defiance (PGM-95/PG-95) was a gunboat in the United States Navy and later transferred to Turkey. She was an Asheville-class gunboat, and the third ship to be named Defiance, in honor of the city of Defiance, Ohio.

Defiance, Ohio
Defiance is a city in Defiance County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 17,066 at the 2020 census. It is located at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers about 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Toledo and 47 miles (76 km) northeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana, in Ohio's northwestern corner.
Umar Khayam Hameed
Umar Khayam Hameed (born 24 February 1989) is a British Pakistani track and field sprinter and sports entrepreneur. He represented Pakistan in 2016 South Asian Games He is founder of AIS Athletics who organised Dubai Run marathon in association with Dubai Sports Council which was largest marathon event during Expo 2020 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Expo 2020
Expo 2020 (Arabic: إكسبو 2020) was a World Expo hosted in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022.

Originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 to 10 April 2021, it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. Despite being postponed, organizers kept the name Expo 2020 for marketing and branding purposes. The event had recorded more than 24 million 
visits from around the world in its six months.

The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) general assembly in Paris named Dubai as the host on 27 November 2013. Expo 2020 Dubai are expected to come up with Dh154.9 billion ($42.2 billion) of gross value added (GVA) to the UAE’s economy from 2013 to 2042, as per the EY report.
Nephroid
In geometry, a nephroid (from Ancient Greek  νεφρός (nephrós) 'kidney') is a specific plane curve. It is a type of epicycloid in which the smaller circle's radius differs from the larger one by a factor of one-half.

Plane curve
In mathematics, a plane curve is a curve in a plane that may be a Euclidean plane, an affine plane or a projective plane. The most frequently studied cases are smooth plane curves (including piecewise smooth plane curves), and algebraic plane curves.
Plane curves also include the Jordan curves (curves that enclose a region of the plane but need not be smooth) and the graphs of continuous functions.
Meredith Morgan
Meredith Morgan  was a  Welsh Anglican priest in the 16th century.

Morgan was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. He held Livings at Compton Beauchamp and Llanwrthwl. He was appointed  Archdeacon of Carmarthen in 1583, a post he held until his death on 4 December 1612.

Llanwrthwl
Llanwrthwl (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Powys, mid Wales, and the historic county of Brecknockshire. Llanwrthwl lies off the A470 road, north by road from Builth Wells and Newbridge-on-Wye and south of Rhayader. It lies on the River Wye and River Elan and the village is accessed by a bridge over the Wye. In 1833, its population was 517; its population in 1841 was 568; in 1845, its population was 563.

At the 2011 census the population was only 191.
Mantsi language
Mantsi (autonym: mã53 tsi53; also called Lô Lô, Flowery Lolo, White Lolo or Black Lolo, is a Lolo-Burmese language. Speakers are mostly located in Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. In China, speakers are classified as a subgroup of the Yi people. In Vietnam they are called Lô Lô and is classified as one of the official 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam.

Hà Giang
Hà Giang (Vietnamese pronunciation: [haː2 zaːŋ1], listenⓘ) is a city located on the banks of the Lô River in  Northeast Vietnam. The city has an area of 135.33 km2 and had a population of 55,559 inhabitants as of the 2019 census. The population is composed of 22 different ethnicities, of which 55.7% are Vietnamese people (Kinh) and Tày people. The area has been referred to as "the most beautiful place in all of Vietnam".

The city is a popular starting point for circumnavigating the Ha Giang Loop, a route along the QL4C commonly traversed by motorbike that includes Lũng Cú, Lung Cu Flag Tower, Đồng Văn district, Sà Phìn, and Mèo Vạc.