hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vowel reduction in Russian
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.

There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.

Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ]ⓘ , and узна́ть ('to recognize') is pronounced [ʊzˈnatʲ]ⓘ.

Close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɨ⟩, namely the lower-case letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i.

Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed ⟨ï⟩ (centralized ⟨i⟩) or ⟨ɯ̈⟩ (centralized ⟨ɯ⟩).

The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant [ȷ̈].
AWA Technology Services
AWA Technology Services, formerly named Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Ltd, is an Australian communications technology company. Throughout most of the twentieth century, AWA was Australia's largest and most prominent electronics organisation, undertaking development, manufacture and distribution of radio, telecommunications, television and audio equipment as well as broadcasting services.

After the sell-off of most of its assets and operating divisions, AWA is now primarily an information and communications technology (ICT) services company.

AKG (company)
AKG Acoustics (originally Akustische und Kino-Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., English: Acoustic and Cinema Equipment L.L.C.) is an acoustics engineering and manufacturing company. It was founded in 1947 by Rudolf Görike and Ernest Plass in Vienna, Austria. It is a part of Harman International Industries, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics since 2017.

The products currently marketed under the AKG brand mostly consist of microphones, headphones, wireless audio systems and related accessories for professional and consumer markets.
Parassala Assembly constituency
Parassala is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is C. K. Hareendran of CPI(M).

Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency
Thiruvananthapuram Parliamentary (Lok Sabha) Constituency is one of the 20 parliamentary constituencies in Kerala, India. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram district and encompasses the major part of Thiruvananthapuram city, the capital of Kerala State.

The incumbent MP of this constituency, Shashi Tharoor of the Indian National Congress, has been elected on 4 consecutive occasions: 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024. He is  the longest serving Member of Parliament to have represented the constituency.
Cyprus at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Cyprus sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Its delegation consisted in one track and field athlete (Antonis Aresti), one competitor in shooting (Evripides Georgiou), and two swimmers (Karolina Pelendritou and Andreas Potamitis).

The country won a total of four medals: one gold, two silver and one bronze. This was by far Cyprus' best performance ever at the Paralympics; over the course of its five previous participations, it had won a single medal: a gold in swimming in 2004.

Karolina Pelendritou
Karolina Pelendritou (born 25 August 1986) is a visually impaired swimmer from Cyprus. She has won gold medals and broken records in national and international games as well as winning three gold medals, a silver and two bronze over four Paralympic Games (winning medals in each Games except for 2016 when she came in 4th). Due to her achievements she is known as the "Princess of the Pool".

Pelendritou was the first living person to appear on a national Cypriot stamp, in 2004. She has promoted the work of various EU initiatives throughout the years, currently holding the title of ambassador for the "Youth On The Move" initiative since 2010.
Malkheda
Malkheda  originally known as Manyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa, Prakrit: "Mannakheḍa"), and also known as Malkhed, is a town in Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river in Sedam Taluk of Kalaburagi district, around 40 km from Kalaburagi.

The city reached the peak of its prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries, serving as the Imperial capital of the Rashtrakutas and historical heart of Jainism where most Jain present at the time. At Manyakheta, there is a historical fort whose restoration is in progress based on a proposal submitted by HKADB (Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board).

Prakrit
Prakrit (/ˈprɑːkrɪt/ PRAH-krit) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 5th century BCE to the 12th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding Pali.

The oldest stage of Middle Indo-Aryan language is attested in the inscriptions of Ashoka (c. 260 BCE), as well as in the earliest forms of Pāli, the language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon. The most prominent form of Prakrit is Ardhamāgadhı̄, associated with the ancient kingdom of Magadha, in modern Bihar, and the subsequent Mauryan Empire. Mahāvīra, the 24th and last Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism, was born in Magadha, and the earliest Jain texts were composed in Ardhamāgadhı̄.
Patricia the Stripper
"Patricia the Stripper" is the title to songs by:

Chris de Burgh on his 1975 album, Spanish Train and Other Stories

The Wombats on their 2007 album, The Wombats Proudly Present: A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation

A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation
The Wombats Proudly Present: A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation, usually shortened to A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation, is the debut international studio album by English rock band the Wombats. It was released by 14th Floor Records on 5 November 2007. Most of the songs first appeared on the band's 2006 Japan-only album Girls, Boys and Marsupials. A DVD to accompany the album includes footage of the band at the South by Southwest festival, along with music videos from their recent singles.

The album was recorded at Rockfield Studios and reached No. 11 on the UK Albums Chart. It contains a pregap before the first track, which contains the band attempting to make wine glasses "ring" and extolling the virtues of the French wine Beaujolais, ending with them performing a mock advert for Beaujolais. The album had sold 335,361 copies in the UK as of April 2015.
CLS Music
CLS Music is a Budapest based independent record label, founded in 2002 as CLS Records. In 2010, the company changed its name to "CLS Music" to reflect a shift in the company's focus from releasing records to more wide-scope musical management. The company is also a major redistributor of foreign independent and electronic music releases in Hungary. At the end of 2013, the CLS Music label was run by Egység Média Kft, founded by one of the owners of CLS Records in 2008. From the second half of 2013, Egység Média releases music under the Egység Média / CLS Music label. In 2016, Egység Média was one of the 21 labels nominated for the IMPALA FIVEUNDERFIFTEEN campaign shining a light on Europe's most inspiring young labels. The label received the IMPALA Young Label Spotlight Award.

Independent Music Companies Association
The Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA), originally the Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association, is a non-profit trade association established in 2000 to help European independent record labels represent their agenda and promote independent music. Its offices are in Brussels, Belgium. IMPALA is a member of the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN), a coalition of independent music bodies from countries throughout the world.  In 2025, IMPALA started a new co-funded work programme as a European Union cultural network.
1973 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 1973 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 7 October 1973. It was the 52nd running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

The winner was Henry Zeisel's Rheingold, an Irish-bred four-year-old colt trained in England by Barry Hills and ridden by Lester Piggott. Rheingold's owner, trainer and jockey were winning the race for the first time. Piggott went on to win two more Arcs on Alleged in 1977 and 1978.

Rheingold was the fifth British-trained horse to win the race after Comrade, Parth, Migoli and Mill Reef.

Mill Reef
Mill Reef (23 February 1968 – 2 February 1986) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a three-year career from 1970 to 1972, he won twelve of fourteen races and finished second in the other two. The horse was an outstanding two-year-old in 1970 but proved even better at three, winning the Epsom Derby, the Eclipse Stakes, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He won both his starts as a four-year-old before his racing career was ended by a severely broken leg that threatened his life. At just under 16 hands as a three-year-old, Mill Reef is considered one of the greatest thoroughbreds to run in Europe since WWII.

He recovered from a complicated operation on his broken leg to become a very successful stallion.
1972 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German author Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature." Böll is the fifth German author to be recipient of the prize.

Swedish Academy
The Swedish Academy (Swedish: Svenska Akademien), founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. Its 18 members, who are elected for life, comprise the highest Swedish language authority. Outside Scandinavia, it is best known as the body that chooses the laureates for the annual Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded in memory of the donor Alfred Nobel.
Moruga wallaceae
Moruga wallaceae is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet wallaceae honours Carden Wallace, Curator Manager of the Museum of Tropical Queensland.

Robert Raven
Robert John Raven is an Australian arachnologist, being the Head of Terrestrial Biodiversity and the Senior Curator (Arachnida) at the Queensland Museum. Dr Raven has described over 450 species of spider in Australia and elsewhere, and is spider bite consultant to the Royal Brisbane Hospital, leading to much work on spider toxins.
Kiersztanowo, Mrągowo County
Kiersztanowo [kʲɛrʂtaˈnɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrągowo, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Masuria
Masuria (Polish: Mazury [maˈzurɨ] ⓘ; Masurian: Mazurÿ; German: Masuren [maˈzuːʁən] ⓘ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (administrative area/province). Its biggest city, often regarded as its capital, is Ełk. The region covers a territory of some 10,000 km2 which approximately 500,000 people inhabit.

Masuria is bordered by Warmia, Powiśle and Chełmno Land in the west, Mazovia in the south, Podlachia and Suwałki Region in the east, and Lithuania Minor in the north.
Lingad
Lingad is a Filipino surname of Kapampangan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Jose B. Lingad (1914-1980), Filipino lawyer and politician

Emigdio Lingad (1953-2021), Filipino economist and politician

Kapampangan people
The Kapampangan people (Kapampangan: Taung Kapampangan), Pampangueños or Pampangos, are the sixth largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines, numbering about 2,784,526 in 2010. They live mainly in the provinces of Pampanga, Bataan and Tarlac, as well as Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Zambales.
Patrick Fitzgerald (Irish judge)
Patrick Fitzgerald (died after 1600) was an Irish judge who held the office of Recorder of Dublin.

Elrington Ball states that he belonged to a junior branch of the leading Anglo-Irish FitzGerald family whose head was the Earl of Kildare. He was said to be "a man learned in the law" and a devout member of the Church of Ireland.

He was appointed Recorder of Dublin in about 1599. For several years previously he had acted as an extra judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland), due to the failing health and mental incapacity of Sir William Bathe, one of the permanent judges of the Common Pleas. He replaced Bathe as a permanent judge of the Common Pleas in 1600, but was superseded soon afterwards in favour of the veteran  English barrister Peter Palmer. He had already stepped down as Recorder in favour of Sir Edward Loftus. His precise date of death is not recorded.

Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)
The Court of Common Pleas was one of the principal courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror image of the equivalent court in England. Common Pleas was one of the four courts of justice which gave the Four Courts in Dublin, which is still in use as a courthouse, its name. Its remit as in England was to hear lawsuits between ordinary citizens.
Qnet
Qnet Ltd, formerly known as QuestNet and GoldQuest, is a Hong Kong–based multi-level marketing (MLM) company owned by the QI Group. QNet was founded in 1998 by Vijay Eswaran and Joseph Bismark. The company's products include energy, weight management, nutrition, personal care, home care and fashion accessories on an e-commerce platform.

The company operates legally in some countries, but has been charged as a Ponzi scheme and multi-level marketing in countries like India. The government of India and the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India banned the site in the country after a protest spread in Bangalore.

Weight management
Weight management comprises behaviors, techniques, and physiological processes that contribute to a person's ability to attain and maintain a healthy weight. Most weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily physical activity. Weight management generally includes tracking weight over time and identifying an individual's ideal body weight.

Weight management strategies most often focus on achieving healthy weights through slow but steady weight loss, followed by maintenance of an ideal body weight. However, weight neutral approaches to health have also been shown to result in positive health outcomes.

Understanding the basic science of weight management and strategies for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight is important because obesity is a risk factor for development of many chronic diseases, like Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Andrew and Jennie McFarlane House
Andrew and Jennie McFarlane House, also known as the William Larimer, Sr. House, is a historic home located in North Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story, L-shaped, log and frame dwelling with cedar siding.  The original log section was built between 1790 and 1798. It has a rear wood-frame addition built in 1870.  At the same time, the house was renovated in the Italianate style. A wraparound porch was added in 1989.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Shelbourne F.C. in European football
Shelbourne F.C. have a long history in European competitions going back to the early 1960s, taking on clubs such as Sporting Portugal, Barcelona, Atlético Madrid, Panathinaikos, Rangers, Rosenborg, Brøndby, Hajduk Split, Deportivo de La Coruña, Lille, Steaua Bucharest and FC Zürich.

The club almost made the Champions League group stage in 2004–05, but did make the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League league phase.

Tallaght Stadium
Tallaght Stadium (Irish: Staid Thamhlachta) is an association football stadium in Ireland based in Tallaght, South Dublin. The club Shamrock Rovers originally announced details of the stadium in July 1996. The stadium is now owned and operated by South Dublin County Council with Shamrock Rovers as the anchor tenants.
Henry Balcom
Henry Balcom (October 20, 1804 – July 14, 1882) was a shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1863 to 1871 first as a Reformer and then as a member of the Anti-Confederation Party.

He was the son of Jonas Balcom and Mary Chase. He was married twice: first to Honore Farrell and then to a Mary Quillan. Balcom served as a justice of the peace for Halifax County from 1863 to 1873. He first lived in Salmon River, but later moved to Halifax. He died at Salmon River in Halifax County.

Anti-Confederation Party
Anti-Confederation was the name used in what is now the Atlantic Canada by several parties opposed to Canadian Confederation. The Anti-Confederation parties were accordingly opposed by the Confederation Party; that is, the Conservative and Liberal-Conservative parties.
Jeff Bourman
Jeffrey Matthew Bourman (born 19 February 1967) is an Australian politician. He is a Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party member of the Victorian Legislative Council, having represented Eastern Victoria Region since 2014. Jeff Bourman was the founder of the Victorian Branch of the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party and has served as the Chairman of the Victorian Branch since its inception.

Bourman was a police officer with Victoria Police, before leaving to pursue a career in information technology.

According to The Age, between November 2018 and November 2021, Bourman voted with the Andrews Government's position 48.2% of the time.

Bourman was first elected at the 2014 Victorian state election and re-elected in 2018 and 2022.

Victoria Police
Victoria Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the Australian state of Victoria. It was formed in 1853 and currently operates under the Victoria Police Act 2013.

As of June 2023, Victoria Police has 21,326 staff, comprising 15,842 police officers, 1,412 Protective Services Officers, 346 Police Custody Officers and 216 Police Recruits in training, 2 reservists and 3,507 Victorian Public Service (VPS) employees across 333 police stations. Victoria Police's budget for 2023–2024 is A$4.13 billion.

Between 31 July 2018 and 18 July 2019, Victoria Police recorded 514,398 offences, an increase of 1.5% from the previous year. Victoria Police also responded to 897,016 emergency calls, a reduction of 0.3% from previous year.
2022 Canada Sevens
The 2022 Canada Sevens was a rugby sevens tournament for men's national teams held on 16–17 April 2022 at BC Place, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada as part of the 2021–22 World Rugby Sevens Series.

The event was won by Argentina, with player of the match Marcos Moneta scoring two tries in their 29–10 win against Fiji in the final.

Australia defeated Samoa with a last-minute try in their 21-19 win to take bronze in the third-place playoff. South Africa, the defending Canada Sevens champions from the two events in 2021, beat the 2020 event winners New Zealand in the fifth-place playoff.

Samoa national rugby sevens team
The Samoa national rugby sevens team, referred to as Samoa Sevens or Manu Samoa 7s, competes in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series. Representing the polynesian country of Samoa, with a population of about 202,000, the team competes against some of the wealthiest countries in the world. The Samoa sevens team is overseen by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, which oversees all of rugby union in Samoa.

Samoa won the 2009–10 World Series by winning four tournaments – the Hong Kong Sevens, the USA Sevens, the Adelaide Sevens, and the Edinburgh Sevens. Samoa has played at all Rugby World Cup Sevens finals tournaments since the championship began in 1993; its best finish was third place in 1997 and again in 2007.

Samoa has won four Oceania Sevens titles since the first competition in 2008. They have also won all four gold medals at the Pacific Games Sevens and Pacific Mini Games Sevens between 2007 and 2013, defeating Fiji in the final on each occasion.
Freeway Series
The Freeway Series (also known as the Angels–Dodgers rivalry)  is a Major League Baseball (MLB) interleague rivalry played between the Los Angeles Angels and the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Angels are members of the American League (AL) West division, and the Dodgers are members of the National League (NL) West division. The series takes its name from the massive freeway system in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, the home of both teams; one could travel from one team's stadium to the other simply by driving along the Santa Ana Freeway (Interstate 5). The term is akin to Subway Series which refers to meetings between New York City baseball teams The Yankees and The Mets. The term "Freeway Series" also inspired the official name of the region's NHL rivalry between the Los Angeles Kings and the Anaheim Ducks: the Freeway Face-Off.

National League West
The National League West is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. This division was created for the 1969 season when the National League (NL) expanded to 12 teams by adding the San Diego Padres and the Montreal Expos. For purpose of keeping a regular-season of 162 games, half of the teams were put into the new East Division and half into the new West Division. Within each division, the teams played 18 games each against their five division mates (90 games), and also 12 games against the teams in the opposite division (72 games), totaling 162 games. Prior to 1969, the National League had informal, internal divisions strictly for scheduling purposes.
EHC Hoensbroek
EHC Norad (also known as EHC Hoensbroek Norad or simply EHC) is a Dutch Football Club based in Hoensbroek, Netherlands. The club was founded on 27 September 1917. Its first squad currently plays in the Hoofdklasse.

Football team
A football team is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football. Such teams could be selected to play in a match against an opposing team, to represent a football club, group, state or nation, an all-star team or even selected as a hypothetical team (such as a dream team or team of the century) and never play an actual match.

The difference between a football team and a football club is incorporation, a football club is an entity which is formed and governed by a committee and has members which may consist of supporters in addition to players. The benefit of club formation is that it gives teams access to additional volunteer or paid support staff, facilities and equipment.