hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banua Wuhu
Banua Wuhu is a submarine volcano that rises more than 400 m (1,300 ft) from the sea floor in the Sangihe Islands of Indonesia. Historical records show that several ephemeral islands were formed and disappeared. A 90 m (300 ft) high island was formed in 1835, but then dwindled to only a few rocks in 1848. A new island was reportedly formed in 1889 and it was 50 m (160 ft) high in 1894. Another new island was formed in 1919 but then disappeared by 1935.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Multiple-scale analysis
In mathematics and physics, multiple-scale analysis (also called the method of multiple scales) comprises techniques used to construct uniformly valid approximations to the solutions of perturbation problems, both for small as well as large values of the independent variables. This is done by introducing fast-scale and slow-scale variables for an independent variable, and subsequently treating these variables, fast and slow, as if they are independent. In the solution process of the perturbation problem thereafter, the resulting additional freedom – introduced by the new independent variables – is used to remove (unwanted) secular terms. The latter puts constraints on the approximate solution, which are called solvability conditions.

Mathematics research from about the 1980s proposes that coordinate transforms and invariant manifolds provide a sounder support for multiscale modelling (for example, see center manifold and slow manifold).

Secular variation
The secular variation of a time series is its long-term, non-periodic variation (see Decomposition of time series). Whether a variation is perceived as secular or not depends on the available timescale: a variation that is secular over a timescale of centuries may be a segment of what is, over a timescale of millions of years, a periodic variation.  Natural quantities often have both periodic and secular variations. Secular variation is sometimes called secular trend or secular drift when the emphasis is on a linear long-term trend.

The term is used wherever time series are applicable in history, economics, operations research, biological anthropology, and astronomy (particularly celestial mechanics) such as VSOP (planets).
Sentinel Mountains Traverse
The Sentinel Mountain Traverse, along with the Little America-Byrd Station Traverse and the Horlick Mountains Traverse, was one of three traverses across the continent of Antarctica— this one along the Sentinel Range— completed in 1958 by Dr. Charles Bentley (a geophysicist) and Dr. Verne Anderson (a glaciologist) and their team before and during the International Geophysical Year.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Alyxia stellata
Alyxia stellata, known as maile in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, that is native to the tropical Pacific from Queensland to Hawaii. It grows as either a twining liana, scandent shrub, or small erect shrub, and is one of the few vines that are endemic to the islands. The leaves are usually ternate, sometimes opposite, and can show both types on the same stem. Flowers are quite inconspicuous and have a sweet and light fragrance of honey. The bark is most fragrant and exudes a slightly sticky, milky sap when punctured, characteristic of the family Apocynaceae.  The entire plant contains coumarin, a sweet-smelling compound that is also present in vanilla grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), woodruff (Galium odoratum) and mullein (Verbascum spp.).  Fruit are oval and dark purple when ripe.  Maile is a morphologically variable plant and the Hawaiian names reflect this (see Ethnobotany section).

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
More Fool Me (memoir)
More Fool Me: A Memoir is a 2014 volume of autobiography by Stephen Fry. The book continues the account of his earlier adult life given in 2010's The Fry Chronicles: An Autobiography, itself preceded by the account of his pre-university life contained in his 1997 publication Moab Is My Washpot: An Autobiography. More Fool Me contains a summary of the main events described in the two earlier volumes, and an account of Fry's later cocaine addiction, chiefly covering the years 1986–93. Other major topics include Fry's writing of The Hippopotamus, his work on the TV series A Bit of Fry & Laurie, Jeeves and Wooster and Blackadder Goes Forth; the radio series Saturday Night Fry; and the films Peter's Friends and Stalag Luft. The book is Fry's tenth, and his third volume of autobiography.

A Bit of Fry & Laurie
A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987.

As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers.
James MacManaway (bishop)
Christianity portal

James MacManaway  (1860 – 29 November 1947) was an Anglican bishop.

Born in County Roscommon in 1860, MacManaway was educated at Trinity College, Dublin  and ordained in 1888. He was Curate of Clanabogan then Rector of  Termonmaguirk; and after that the incumbent at Fivemiletown. He became a Canon of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, in 1912 and Archdeacon of Clogher in 1917. He was appointed Bishop of Clogher in 1923 and served the diocese for 20 years. He died on 29 November 1947.

MacManaway married Sarah Thompson from County Kilkenny with whom he had sons Lancelot, Richard and James Godfrey and Daughter Mary.
His son, James Godfrey MacManaway, was also a Church of Ireland clergyman and became a politician.

Clanabogan
Clanabogan (from Irish Cluain Uí Bhogáin, meaning 'Ó Bogáin's meadow') is a small village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 225 people. It lies within the Omagh District Council area.

There is an anthroposophical living and working community for people with mental handicaps, called Camphill Community Clanabogan.
Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging grade of flowering plants. At least 10 morphological characters unite the Nymphaeales. One of the traits is the absence of a vascular cambium, which is required to produce both xylem (wood) and phloem, which therefore are missing. Molecular synapomorphies are also known.

The Plant List, created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden recognizes about 70 species in 11 genera within the order, but a phylogenetic study of the genus Nymphaea implies that the number of species could be more than 90. The difference in species numbers is due almost entirely to the difficulty of delineating species in the genus Nymphaea.

Most of the species are rhizomatous aquatic herbs with a broad leaf base and large, showy flowers.

Nymphaea
Nymphaea (/nɪmˈfiːə/) is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred. Some taxa occur as introduced species where they are not native, and some are weeds. Plants of the genus are known commonly as water lilies, or waterlilies in the United Kingdom.
Asian American Student Union
The Asian American Student Union is a student-led organization for Asian American and Pacific Islander students on the East Coast of America. It started in 1993 at the University of Florida. Its activities include organising vigils for incapacitated students, and 'fostering understanding of the current social climate' concerning its members.

Vigil
A vigil is a period of purposeful sleeplessness, an occasion for devotional watching, or an observance.

The word derives from the Latin vigilia meaning "wakefulness" (Greek: pannychis, παννυχίς or agrypnia ἀγρυπνία), and the Italian word vigilia has become generalized in this sense and means "eve" (as in "on the eve of the war").
KCBI
KCBI (90.9 FM) is a listener-supported radio station, licensed to Dallas and serving the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex in North Texas.  It airs a Christian radio format and is owned by First Dallas Media Inc. (FDMI)  The station plays Christian adult contemporary music during drive times and middays, with Christian talk and teaching programs in late mornings, evenings and overnight.  Programming is largely simulcast on 92.9 KZBI in Waco-Temple and 107.7 KCBN in Hico.  The stations are non-commercial and seek donations on the air and on line.

KCBI has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations.  The transmitter is off West Belt Line Road in Cedar Hill, among the towers for other Dallas-area FM and TV stations.

North Texas
North Texas is a term used primarily by residents of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex to refer to a geographic area of Texas, generally considered to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, west of Paris, and north of Waco. Definitions of the region typically do not include the sparsely populated Panhandle of Texas, which is the northernmost region of Texas bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east.

North Texas is centered upon the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the largest metropolitan area in Texas and the Southern United States. People in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas sometimes use the terms Metroplex, DFW, and North Texas interchangeably. However, North Texas refers to a much larger area that includes many northern rural counties along the Red River of the South border.
Ab Dekh Khuda Kya Karta Hai
Ab Dekh Khuda Kya Karta Hai (Urdu: اب دیکھ خدا کیا کرتا ہے, transl. Now see what God does) is a 2018 Pakistani drama serial directed by Syed Ali Raza Usama, produced by Babar Javed, and written by Syed Zarrar Ahmed. The drama stars Danish Taimoor, Sanam Chaudhry, Yashma Gill and Humayun Ashraf as the main leads. The serial premiered on 7 August 2018 on Geo Entertainment, preceded by Silsilay. Danish Taimoor plays the antihero in this serial.

The drama marks the second on-screen appearance of Sanam Chaudhry and Danish Taimoor together after Ru Baru Ishq Tha.

Syed Ali Raza Usama
Syed Ali Raza Usama (Urdu: سید علی رضا اسامہ) is a Pakistani television director,

A former creative director at AAJ TV, Usama has directed acclaimed drama serials such as Bashar Momin (2014) and Khuda Aur Muhabbat (season 2) (2016-2017).
121 George Street, The Rocks
121 George Street, The Rocks is a heritage-listed retail building and former terrace house and shops located at 121 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built during 1880 for Thomas Playfair. It is also known as Baker's Oven – Shop and residence. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

Property and Development NSW
Property and Development NSW is a statutory body of the Government of New South Wales that manages the State's significant property portfolio and its places. Formed on 1 July 2016, Property and Development NSW encompasses the entities of the former Government Property NSW (GPNSW), the former Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority (SHFA), Teacher Housing Authority of NSW (THA) and Waste Assets Management Corporation (WAMC).

Services provided by Property and Development NSW include:

leading property reform

active portfolio and asset management

delivering transactions and major projects

place making and heritage conservation, and

valuation services

The authority is led by chief executive officer, presently Leon Walker.
Evergreen Local School District
Evergreen Local School District is a school district in Northwest Ohio. The school district serves students who live in the cities and villages of Metamora, Chesterfield, and Lyons, located in Fulton County. The superintendent  is Mr Wyse. Has been rated Excellent for 10 years.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland
Jonkheer Pieter Adriaan Cornelis Beelaerts van Blokland (8 December 1932 – 22 September 2021) was a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

He was Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment in the First Van Agt cabinet from 1977 to 1981. In 1981, he was a member of the House of Representatives. Beelaerts van Blokland was mayor of Wolphaartsdijk, Vianen, Amstelveen, Apeldoorn, and Hengelo. He was also Queen's Commissioner of Utrecht from 1985 to 1998.

Amstelveen
Amstelveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstəlˈveːn] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 95,996 as of 2024. It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the historical villages of Bovenkerk and Nes aan de Amstel.  In addition, as well as Downtown Amstelveen (Dutch: Amstelveen stadshart), it contains the following neighbourhoods: Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen, Middenhoven, Randwijk, Elsrijk and Keizer Karelpark. The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor. Amstelveen houses the international headquarters of Dutch national airline KLM (although it is slated to leave for Schiphol  in the future, plans to move have been delayed due to covid and high costs) and KPMG, one of the Big Four accounting firms. The Cobra Museum is also located in Amstelveen.
Deanolis sublimbalis
Deanolis sublimbalis, the red banded mango caterpillar, is a moth of the family Crambidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen in 1899. It is found in India (Sikkim, Darjeeling) and Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Brunei and the Philippines. In 1990 it was first recorded in Australia in the Torres Strait and in 2001 it was detected on the Australian mainland in the Northern Peninsula Area at the tip of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

The larvae are a serious pest of Mangifera indica fruit, but have also been recorded feeding on Mangifera minor and Mangifera odorata.

Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen
Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen (30 August 1832 – 29 March 1911) was a Dutch entomologist.

Pieter Snellen was a merchant in Rotterdam. He is not to be confused with Samuel Constantinus Snellen van Vollenhoven, another entomologist from Rotterdam.
Russian ship Vityaz
Vityaz is the name of the following ships:

Russian corvette Vityaz (1862), a steam corvette of the Imperial Russian Navy decommissioned in 1895

Russian corvette Vityaz (1884), a corvette of the Imperial Russian Navy launched in 1884 and circumnavigated the globe under the command of Stepan Makarov

Russian cruiser Vityaz, a Bogatyr-class cruiser destroyed by fire during construction in the 1900s

RV Vityaz (1939), a Soviet research vessel in service 1949–79, now a museum ship

RV Vityaz (1981), a Russian tanker reportedly used to supply North Korea with petroleum

RV Vityaz (1939)
Vityaz (Russian: Витязь) is a research vessel that was built in 1939 by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Bremen, Germany as Mars for Neptun Line, Bremen. She served with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and was seized by the United Kingdom in 1945. She was renamed Empire Forth for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT).

She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement and renamed Equator (Russian: Экватор) and later renamed Admiral Makarov (Russian: Адмирал Мака́ров). She was renamed Vityaz in 1949 and was used as a research vessel. Retired in 1979, she was preserved as a museum ship in 1982.
Peter Chasseaud
Peter Chasseaud is a British historian of military cartography. Chasseaud is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, a member of the Royal United Services Institute, and the founder of the Historical Military Mapping Group of the British Cartographic Society. His, Mapping the First World War (2013), included maps not published since the end of that conflict.

Royal United Services Institute
The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI or Rusi) is the world's oldest defence and security think tank, founded in 1831 by the first Duke of Wellington, based in Whitehall, London, United Kingdom. The institution was registered as Royal United Service Institute for Defence and Security Studies and formerly known as the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies. The current chair of RUSI is the ninth Duke of Wellington and its director-general is Rachel Ellehuus.
The Pez Dispenser
"The Pez Dispenser" is the 31st episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. The episode was the fourteenth episode of the show's third season. It aired on NBC on January 15, 1992. The episode was written by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David and was directed by Tom Cherones.

Tom Cherones
Thomas Harry Cherones Jr. (/tʃʌˈroʊnɛs/ chə-ROH-ness; September 11, 1939 – January 5, 2026) was an American television director and producer. He is best known for his work on Seinfeld, where he directed 81 of the 86 episodes of the first five seasons. For his work directing the series, he won a Directors Guild of America Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award as producer.
Black Light (2000 AD)
Black Light is a science fiction thriller that ran in the British comic anthology 2000 AD in 1996. It was created by Dan Abnett, Steve White and John M. Burns.

It chronicles the missions undertaken by an elite unit appointed by the US president to investigate and shut down black ops by rogue government agencies. The series was developed to capitalise on the popularity of The X-Files and Mission: Impossible. The influence of The X-Files in particular can be seen in the subject of government conspiracies and the involvement of mysterious men in black. The men in black in Black Light very closely resemble the men in black that act as hosts of the similarly X-Files-inspired Vector 13.

It was almost adapted as a television pilot by Francis Ford Coppola's production company.

Covert operation
A covert operation, clandestine operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.: 5–6
Martin Chittenden House
The Martin Chittenden House is a historic house on Vermont Route 117 in Jericho, Vermont.  Built in the 1790s, it is one of the highest-style Federal period houses in Chittenden County, with a distinctive brickwork exterior and numerous unusual interior features.  It was built by Thomas Chittenden for his son Martin, both of whom served as Governor of Vermont.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Thomas Chittenden
Thomas Chittenden (January 6, 1730 – August 25, 1797) was an American politician from Vermont, who was a leader of the territory for nearly two decades. He was the state's first and third governor, serving from 1778 to 1789—when it was a largely unrecognized independent state now called the Vermont Republic—and again from 1790 until his death. Vermont was admitted to the Union in 1791 as its 14th state.
2021 Koser Jewelers Tennis Challenge
The 2021 Koser Jewelers Tennis Challenge was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fourteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Landisville, Pennsylvania, United States between 9 and 15 August 2021.

Landisville, Pennsylvania
Landisville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in East Hempfield Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,893. The community was once part of the Salunga-Landisville CDP, before splitting into two separate CDPs for the 2010 census, the other being Salunga.