hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disaster payments
In United States agricultural policy, disaster payments are direct federal payments provided to crop producers when either planting is prevented or crop yields are abnormally low because of adverse weather and related conditions.  Between 1988 and 2005, ad hoc disaster legislation was enacted for each crop year, providing a total of nearly $20 billion in direct disaster payments to farmers. These payments were made both to producers with crop insurance and those without insurance.

Crop insurance
Crop insurance is insurance purchased by agricultural producers and subsidized by a country's government to protect against either the loss of their crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought, and floods ("crop-yield insurance"), or the loss of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities ("crop-revenue insurance").
2018–19 Isthmian League
The 2018–19 season was the 104th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England. This was also the first season to consist of four divisions after the league reorganised the former South Division into the new South Central and South East divisions. The league was also known as the Bostik League under a sponsorship deal with Bostik.

Bostik
Bostik is a manufacturer and distributor of adhesives and sealants for the construction, industrial and consumer markets. With annual sales of €2.7 billion in 2024, the company employs over 7,000 people and has a presence in more than 45 countries. Bostik is part of the French-based Arkema group.
Shagdarjavyn Natsagdorj
Shagdarjavyn Natsagdorj (Mongolian: Шагдаржавын Нацагдорж; 1918–2001) was a Mongolian academic and historian, most notable for being director of the Institute of History at the Mongolian Academy of Sciences under the Mongolian People's Republic. In this position he was pivotal in improving the field of history in Mongolia, by compiling archives, initiating scientific journals, and supervising the protection and research of important cultural sites. His 1943 biography of Damdin Sükhbaatar established his reputation at home and abroad, but thereafter he primarily wrote on early modern topics, especially Qing-era Mongolia and the struggle for Mongolian independence. Natsagdorj also contributed to popular culture, writing plays, stories, and screenplays for a general audience. After the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, he published biographies of Genghis Khan (1991) and Kublai Khan (1998).

Modern Asian Studies
Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1967 by the Syndics of the University of Cambridge and the Committee of Directors at the Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), a joint initiative among SOAS University of London, University of Cambridge, University of Hull, University of Leeds, and University of Sheffield. The journal covers the history, sociology, economics, and culture of modern Asia.

Since 2021, the journal has been co-edited by Johan Elverskog, (Southern Methodist University), Sumit Guha, A. Azfar Moin, and Robert M. Oppenheim (all at the University of Texas, Austin). The previous editor was Norbert Peabody (University of Cambridge).
Zainab Khatoon
Zainab Khatoon (born 1997) is an Indian para-power lifter from Uttar Pradesh. She was part of the Indian para team and won a silver medal at the 2022 Asian Para Games at Hangzhou, China in the women's 61 kg power lifting events. Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated her on winning the silver medal and also tweeted it, like he did for all Asiad medal winners.

2022 Asian Para Games
The 2022 Asian Para Games (Chinese: 2022年亚洲残疾人运动会; pinyin: 2022nían yàzhōu cánjírén yùndònghuì), also known as the 4th Asian Para Games and commonly known as the Hangzhou 2022 Asian Para Games, were a multi-sport event that paralleled the 2022 Asian Games which was held for Asian athletes with disabilities in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China from 22 to 28 October 2023. Hangzhou was the second Chinese city to host the Asian Para Games, after Guangzhou in 2010.

Originally scheduled to take place from 9 to 15 October 2022, the event was postponed to 2023 on 17 May 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo postponement to 2021.
Caledonian Airways Flight 153
Caledonian Airways Flight 153 was a multi-leg nonscheduled passenger service from Luxembourg via Khartoum, Lorenzo Marques (nowadays Maputo), Douala and Lisbon, before heading back to Luxembourg. 
On 4 March 1962 a Douglas DC-7C flying the route, registration G-ARUD, crashed shortly after takeoff from Douala International Airport, Douala, Cameroon in a swamp on the edge of a jungle 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi; 1.3 nmi) off the airport. It is the deadliest crash of a DC-7. It is also the second-deadliest accident in Cameroon surpassed only by Kenya Airways Flight 507.

Khartoum International Airport
Khartoum International Airport (IATA: KRT, ICAO: HSSK) (Arabic: مطار الخرطوم الدولي) is the principal airport in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The airport was shut down from 15 April 2023 to 25 March 2025 at the Battle of Khartoum during the Sudanese civil war.
Por un beso
Por un beso (For One Kiss) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Angelli Nesma Medina for Televisa in 2000. Based on La gata by Inés Rodena. It premiered on November 13, 2000 and ended on March 30, 2001.

Natalia Esperón and Víctor Noriega starred as protagonists, while Enrique Rocha and Mercedes Molto starred as antagonists.

Enrique Rocha
Enrique Rocha (January 5, 1940 – November 7, 2021) was a Mexican actor. He made his debut in the film industry in the film Guadalajara en Verano directed by Julio Bracho in the last decade of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.
Volcán Ecuador
Volcán Ecuador is the smallest of six shield volcanoes comprising Isabela Island of the Galápagos with an elevation of 790 m (2,590 ft). It contains a caldera that is breached to the west by edifice collapse. The caldera floor is largely covered by youthful lava flows and contains several chains of spatter cones and small scoria cones.

Volcán Ecuador is the only volcano on Isabela Island not known to have erupted in historical times. However, the geomorphology of its youngest lava flows is comparable to those of very recent lava flows from other volcanoes on Isabela Island. Like Volcán Wolf to the east, Volcán Ecuador straddles the equator. It is also the only volcano on the island without its own native Galápagos tortoise population.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Burg Bucherbach
Burg Bucherbach, or Bucherbach Castle in English, is the ruin of a moated castle in Köllerbach, a district of Püttlingen in the Saarbrücken Region in Germany. Along with Kerpen Castle near Illingen, it is the most important lowland castle in Saarland.

Kerpen Castle (Eifel)
Kerpen Castle (German: Burg Kerpen) is a spur castle standing on a dolomite hill spur at a height of 500 m above sea level (NHN) above the Eifel village of Kerpen in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Kate White (politician)
Kate White (born 1977) is a Canadian politician who has served as leader of the Yukon New Democratic Party since 2019. She was elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly in the 2011 election. She represents the Whitehorse electoral district of Takhini, formerly known as Takhini-Kopper King.

2011 Yukon general election
The 2011 general election in Yukon, Canada, took place on October 11, 2011, to return members to the 33rd Yukon Legislative Assembly.

The incumbent government was led by Darrell Pasloski, who was elected as leader of the Yukon Party at a convention on May 28, 2011, replacing former Premier Dennis Fentie. The Yukon Party won its third majority government, with Elizabeth Hanson's NDP becoming the Official Opposition, replacing the Liberal Party, whose leader Arthur Mitchell was unable to return to the Assembly.
Josef Steiner (politician, born 1926)
Josef Steiner (3 September 1926 – 24 July 1990) was an Austrian farmer and politician for the Austrian People's Party.

He was born in Altenmarkt im Pongau, where he also died. Taking over the family farm in 1957, he was a member of Altenmarkt's local council and became vice mayor in 1964. He was also elected to Salzburg Kammer für Land- und Forstwirtschaft in 1962 and 1965. He became elected to the National Council in 1963, and served until April 1982.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.
The Favourite (song)
"The Favourite" is a song by Australian acid jazz band, D.I.G. and released in February 1994 as the lead single from the band's debut studio album Dig Deeper. The song peaked at number 63 on the Australian ARIA Charts.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, the song was nominated for Breakthrough Artist – Single.

ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Single
The ARIA Music Award for Breakthrough Artist – Single was an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards. It was presented from 1989 through to 2009 and 2011.

This, and the ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Album was merged in 2012 to form a single award for Breakthrough Artist - Release.
Sports Unlimited
Sports Unlimited (now Sports U) is a Philippine sports docu-News magazine program broadcast by ABS-CBN, Originally hosted by Dyan Castillejo and Vince Hizon. The program features different kinds of sports, as well as ordinary and prominent sports figures. It is the longest-running sports program in the Philippines and in Asia. Castillejo served as the final host

Sports Unlimited originally aired on ABS-CBN every Saturday nights from June 14, 1997 to February 7, 2015. Replay telecasts also aired on S+A every Sunday at 6:30 PM, and on ANC every Sunday at 11:30 PM. It also airs worldwide via TFC.

On February 12, 2015, the program is reformatted as Sports U, and originally aired on ABS-CBN's Kapamilya Gold afternoon block replacing the Thursday timeslot of TNT: Tapatan ni Tunying. On December 10, 2015, the program moved to late-nights and currently airs every Thursday right after Bandila. ANC and S+A (along with early broadcast from DZMM TeleRadyo) retain their simulcast.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
UAAP Season 76 volleyball tournaments
The seniors' division of the UAAP Season 76 volleyball tournaments opened December 1, 2013. Tournaments are hosted by Adamson University. Tournament games are held at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan, the Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay and the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City.

San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 134,312 people. It is located in Metro Manila's approximate geographical center, and is the country's smallest city by land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as the Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique, and bargain retail.
Percival Lakes
The Percival Lakes form a string of S-shaped ephemeral salt lakes in the north of Western Australia. They lie at the southern region of the Great Sandy Desert and east of Karlamilyi National Park. They stretch in an east-west direction for 350 km (220 mi) and north-south for 160 km (99 mi). The surface elevation is 256 m (840 ft). The Canning Stock Route runs in close proximity to some of the lakes, and crosses the salt pan of Tobin Lake near the eastern end. The lakes were named during the aerial expedition of Donald George Mackay in 1933, after the designer of the Percival Gull aircraft being used.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Dana Bumgardner
Dana Byron Bumgardner (May 16, 1954 – October 2, 2021) was an American businessman and politician who served as a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly from 2013 until his death. He represented the 109th district, representing a portion of Gaston County.

Gaston County, North Carolina
Gaston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 227,943. The county seat is Gastonia. Dallas served as the original county seat from 1846 until 1911.

Gaston County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023. The county is located in the southern Piedmont region.

Of North Carolina's 100 counties, Gaston County ranks 74th in size, consisting of approximately 364 square miles (940 km2), and is tenth in population. The county has fifteen incorporated towns. In addition to fifteen incorporated towns and cities, there are several unincorporated communities such as Hardin, Lucia, Crowders Mountain, Sunnyside, Alexis, Tryon, and North Belmont.
Golemović noble family
The Golemović family (Serbian: Големовић, known as the Golemovići, Големовићи) was a Serbian noble family  during the time of the Serbian Despotate (1403–1459). They were influential during the rule of Despot Đurađ Branković (1427–1456).

Serbian nobility
Serbian nobility (Serbian: српска властела / srpska vlastela, српско властелинство / srpsko vlastelinstvo or српско племство / srpsko plemstvo) refers to the historical privileged order or class (aristocracy) of Serbia, that is, the medieval Serbian states, and after the Ottoman conquests of Serbian lands in the 15th and 16th centuries, Serbian noble families of the Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Habsburg monarchy. Some Serbian families were also ennobled in Russian Empire. With the independence of Serbia in the 19th century, a new aristocracy (which however differs from the notion of nobility) arose.
2007 Next Generation Adelaide International
The 2007 Next Generation Adelaide International was a professional men's tennis event on the 2007 ATP Tour in Adelaide, Australia, held from 1 January to 7 January 2007. Novak Djokovic won the title, an ATP International Series level tournament.

This was the first tournament of the season (alongside Viña del Mar, Delray Beach, Buenos Aires and Las Vegas) that implemented a 24-player round robin tournament for the singles competition, as part of the round-robin trials proposed during this season.

Martín Vassallo Argüello
Martín Miguel Vassallo Argüello (born 10 February 1980) is a retired professional male tennis player from Argentina. His career-high ATP singles ranking is World No. 47, achieved in April 2009 shortly after reaching the semifinals of Acapulco.
Twice a Woman (2010 film)
Twice a Woman (French: Deux fois une femme) is a Canadian drama film, directed by François Delisle and released in 2010. The film stars Évelyne Rompré as Catherine, a woman fleeing an abusive marriage to start a new life.

The cast also includes Marc Béland, Marie Brassard, Brigitte Pogonat, Catherine De Léan, Michelle Rossignol and Martin Dubreuil.

The film received two Jutra Award nominations at the 13th Jutra Awards in 2011, for Best Actress (Rompré) and Best Makeup (Mélanie Turcotte, Mario Soucy).

Martin Dubreuil
Martin Dubreuil (born May 26, 1972) is a Canadian actor and musician from Quebec. He is most noted for his performance in the film For Those Who Don't Read Me (À tous ceux qui ne me lisent pas), for which he won the Prix Iris for Best Actor at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards in 2019.

He has been a two-time Genie Award and Canadian Screen Award nominee, receiving nods for Best Supporting Actor at the 31st Genie Awards for 10½ and Best Actor at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019 for The Great Darkened Days (La grande noirceur), and a three-time Jutra/Iris nominee for Best Supporting Actor, with nods at the 13th Jutra Awards in 2011 for 7 Days (Les 7 Jours du Talion), the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017 for Shambles (Maudite poutine), and the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022 for Maria Chapdelaine.

As a musician he was a member of the band Les Breastfeeders, in which he used the stage name "Johnny Maldoror".
Dazhuangke
Dazhuangke Township (simplified Chinese: 大庄科乡; traditional Chinese: 大莊科鄉; pinyin: Dàzhuāngkē Xiāng) is a township located inside of Yanqing District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Yongning Town in its north, Jiuduhe and Yanshou Towns in its east, Shisanling Town in its south, and Jingzhuang Town in its west. In the 2020, the township was home to 4,202 inhabitants.

Originally this region was known as Dazhuangke (Chinese: 大庄窠; lit. 'Large Villa Bird's Nest'). But due to the rarity and writing difficulty of the last character 窠, it was later swapped for 科.

Yanshou, Beijing
Yanshou Town (simplified Chinese: 延寿镇; traditional Chinese: 延壽鎮; pinyin: Yánshòu Zhèn) is a town situated in the northeast of Changping District, Beijing, China. Surrounded by parts of Taihang Mountain Range on three sides, Yanshou Town borders Dazhuangke Township and Jiuduhe Town in its north, Qiaozi Town in its east, Xingshou and Cuicun Towns in its south, and Shisanling Town in its west. It had a census population of 7,766 as of 2020.

This town was created from parts of Changling and Xingshou Towns in 2011. It was named after Yanshou (Chinese: 延寿; lit. 'Extend Lifespan') Temple within its border.
Breaking the chain
Breaking the chain (or novus actus interveniens, literally new intervening act) refers in English law to the idea that causal connections are deemed to finish. Even if the defendant can be shown to have acted negligently, there will be no liability if some new intervening act breaks the chain of causation between that negligence and the loss or damage sustained by the claimant.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Mall walking
Mall walking is a form of exercise in which people walk or jog through the usually long corridors of shopping malls as a substitute for a running track or other walking venue. Many malls open early so that people may mall walk; stores and other such facilities generally do not open at this time, though vending machine concessions are available. Many choose to mall walk as the indoor climate is comfortable, secure, and there is easy access to amenities, such as benches, toilets, Wi-Fi for fitness tracking, media access, and water fountains. Others are attracted to mall walking strictly for the opportunity to watch others. Clean and level surfaces also provide a safe walking environment.

Mall walking is undertaken individually, in groups, or as part of an organized mall walking program. Mall walking in the United States is especially popular amongst senior citizens. Many mall walkers cite the camaraderie of walking in groups.

Drinking fountain
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain or bubbler, is a fountain designed to provide drinking water. It consists of a basin with either continuously running water or a tap. The drinker bends down to the stream of water and swallows water directly from the stream. Modern indoor drinking fountains may incorporate filters to remove impurities from the water and chillers to lower its temperature. Drinking fountains are usually found in public places, like schools, rest areas, libraries, and grocery stores.

Drinking fountains are an important source of clean water in urban infrastructure. Many jurisdictions require drinking fountains to be wheelchair accessible (by sticking out horizontally from the wall), and to include an additional unit of a lower height for children and short adults. The design that this replaced often had one spout atop a refrigeration unit.
Taskan
The Taskan (Russian: Таскан) is a river in the Susuman and Yagodninsky districts of Magadan Oblast, Russia. It is a left hand tributary of the Kolyma. Its length is 232 kilometres (144 mi), with a drainage basin of 11,200 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi). The Taskan was first mapped in the 19th century by explorer Jan Czerski.

Perch, ruffe, gudgeon and burbot are found in the waters of the river.

Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Far East region of the country, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Magadan Oblast has a population of 136,085 (2021 Census), making it the least populated oblast and the third-least populated federal subject in Russia.

Magadan is the largest city and the capital of Magadan Oblast with the majority of the oblast's inhabitants living in the city itself. The coastline has a less severe climate than the interiors, although both are relatively cold for their latitudes.

It borders Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the north, Kamchatka Krai in the east, Khabarovsk Krai in the south and the Sakha Republic in the west. The economy is primarily based on mining, particularly gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals.