hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravne pri Mlinšah
Ravne pri Mlinšah (pronounced [ˈɾáːwnɛ pɾi ˈmliːnʃax]) is a settlement southeast of Mlinše in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi
The Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi (pronounced [zaˈɡoːɾjɛ ɔp ˈsaːʋi]; Slovene: Občina Zagorje ob Savi) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Zagorje ob Savi. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is about 17,000.

Archaeological evidence shows that the area was already settled in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Matthew T. Newsom
Matthew T. Newsom, sometimes spelled Newsome, was an American justice of the peace and state legislator in Mississippi during the Reconstruction era. He represented Claiborne County at the 1868 Mississippi Constitutional Convention and from 1870 to 1871 in the Mississippi House of Representatives.

He was born in North Carolina. The Clarion Ledger identified him as "colored". Eric Foner documented him as "mulatto" and a Methodist minister. Newsom opposed poll taxes and supported land redistribution from slave plantations to freed blacks.

He attended the Mississippi black convention of 1865 and the Republican State Convention in 1867.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Vanadium(II) sulfate
Vanadium(II) sulfate describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula VSO4(H2O)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 7.  The hexahydrate is most commonly encountered.  It is a violet solid that dissolves in water to give air-sensitive solutions of the aquo complex.  The salt is isomorphous with [Mg(H2O)6]SO4.  Compared to the V–O bond length of 191 pm in [V(H2O)6]3+, the V–O distance is 212 pm in the [V(H2O)6]SO4.  This nearly 10% elongation reflects the effect of the lower charge, hence weakened electrostatic attraction.

The heptahydrate has also been crystallized. The compound is prepared by electrolytic reduction of vanadyl sulfate in sulfuric acid.  The crystals feature [V(H2O)6]2+ centers but with an extra water of crystallization.  The salt is isomorphous with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. A related salt is vanadous ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2V(SO4)2·6H2O, a Tutton's salt isomorphous with ferrous ammonium sulfate.

Metal aquo complex
In chemistry, metal aquo complexes are coordination compounds containing metal ions with only water as a ligand. These complexes are the predominant species in aqueous solutions of many metal salts, such as metal nitrates, sulfates, and perchlorates. They have the general stoichiometry [M(H2O)n]z+.  Their behavior underpins many aspects of environmental, biological, and industrial chemistry. This article focuses on complexes where water is the only ligand ("homoleptic aquo complexes"), but of course many complexes are known to consist of a mix of aquo and other ligands.
Pamela Strobel
Pamela Strobel (born circa 1928) also known as Princess Pamela is an American chef and cookbook author. She is best known for her authentic Southern cooking served in her New York City restaurant The Little Kitchen. Strobel also published a cookbook in 1969, Princess Pamela's Soul Food Cookbook that was featured in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History's exhibit, "Food: Transforming the American Table 1950-2000."

National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring  Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the original Star-Spangled Banner. The museum is part of the Smithsonian Institution and located on the National Mall at 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking the eighth-most visited museum in the U.S.
Möckeln
Möckeln is a lake in Karlskoga and Degerfors Municipalities in Örebro County, Sweden.

Except for the settlements surrounding the lake, Degernäs Manor is situated at the southernmost tip of the lake and Valåsen Manor just north of the Valåsen and Labbsand-settlement, overlooking the northeastern parts of the lake.

Karlskoga Municipality
Karlskoga Municipality (Swedish: Karlskoga kommun) is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Karlskoga. Other localities include Valåsen och Labbsand, Kortfors, Linnebäck and Villingsberg.

Karlskoga was formed as rural municipality when the first Swedish local government acts came into force in 1863. In 1925 the southern part was detached, forming Degerfors Municipality. In 1940 the whole municipality, including its non-urban areas, got the title of a city. These titles were abolished in 1971.
National Contemporary Art Gallery for Wales
The National Contemporary Art Gallery for Wales is a proposed branded network of art galleries distributing Wales' existing contemporary art collection. It is being developed by a partnership of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales, the Arts Council of Wales, the Welsh Government and the National Library of Wales. The proposal formed part of the 2021 Welsh Labour–Plaid Cymru agreement.

The gallery was also proposed to have a main site, alongside a network of existing venues, although due to budget constraints, a main site was scrapped by Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice, Lesley Griffiths, in July 2024.

Dawn Bowden
Dawn Alison Louise Bowden (born 14 February 1960) is a Welsh Labour Party politician and trade unionist serving as Minister for Children and Social Care since 2024. She previously served as Chief Whip of the Welsh Government from 2021 to 2023 and Deputy Minister for Arts and Sport (later also Tourism) from 2021 to 2024. Bowden has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney since 2016.
Smithfield (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Smithfield (known between 1929 and 1938 as Smithfield-Rouxville) was a constituency in the Orange Free State Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. Named after the town of Smithfield, the seat covered a large rural area in the south of the province, bordering the Cape Province as well as Lesotho. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

1910 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 15 September 1910 to elect the 121 members of the House of Assembly. They were the first general election after the Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910.

The elections were held alongside the first election to the provincial councils of Cape Province and Transvaal. Those councils used the same electoral districts as those for the House of Assembly seats in the province. The first election for the provincial councils of Natal and Orange Free State, which did not use the same constituency boundaries as the House of Assembly, took place at a later date.

Although the Unionist Party received the most votes, the alliance of parties led by General Louis Botha won a slim majority. The Unionist Party became the official opposition. Botha's alliance would later unite as the South African Party.
Mohd Sharkar Shamsudin
Mohd Sharkar bin Shamsudin (born 25 July 1962) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Speaker of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly since December 2022. He served as a Member of the Pahang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Menteris Besar Adnan Yaakob and Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail from April 2004 to November 2022 and Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Lanchang from November 1999 to November 2022. He is also a member  of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. He is also a member of the Supreme Council of UMNO.

Pahang State Executive Council
The Pahang State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Pahang, Malaysia. The Council is composed of the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Pahang State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan. The Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.
Genital cutting
Genital cutting refers to genital modification and mutilation of the human genitals using a cutting instrument.  This terminology is often used in some literature specifically to avoid using the terms 'mutilation' or 'circumcision'. These practices can include:

Castration

Circumcision (male)

Clitoridectomy

Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Penectomy

Labiaplasty

Penile subincision

Penile superincision

Sex reassignment of intersex children

Vaginoplasty

Dorsal slit
A dorsal slit (often referred to in anthropology as superincrision or supercision) is a single incision along the upper length of the foreskin from the tip to the corona, exposing the glans without removing any tissue. An ancient practice, it has been a traditional custom among a number of peoples, particularly Filipinos and Pacific Islanders, probably for thousands of years.

In Western medicine, it was used as an alternative to circumcision to relieve conditions such as failure of the foreskin to retract (phimosis) or failure to cover the glans penis (paraphimosis), although a perception of poor appearance limited its popularity. While it is a less invasive surgery than circumcision, it is more invasive than preputioplasty since it leaves the incision open. It is still used when circumcision or other measures are considered impractical or undesirable.
WJBT
WJBT (93.3 FM "93.3 The Beat") is a commercial radio station licensed to Callahan, Florida, and serving the Jacksonville metropolitan area. It airs a mainstream urban radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios and offices are on Central Parkway in the Southside neighborhood.

WJBT has an effective radiated power of 98,000 watts, the highest permitted for non-grandfathered FM stations. The transmitter is off Hogan Road in the Arlington neighborhood. WJBT broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD2 digital subchannel carries iHeart's Black Information Network, which feeds FM translator W281AM at 104.1 in Macclenny.

Neighborhoods of Jacksonville
There are more than 500 neighborhoods within the area of Jacksonville, Florida, the largest city in the contiguous United States by area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods. Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several major sections with amorphous boundaries: Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.

There are four municipalities within Duval County that are outside of Jacksonville's city limits: Baldwin, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. The latter three communities, all located on a coastal barrier island, form part of the area known as the Jacksonville Beaches, together with Mayport within the Jacksonville city limits and Ponte Vedra Beach in St. Johns County.
Universal Madness
Universal Madness is the second live album by the ska/pop band Madness, released on 2 March 1999 (see 1999 in music) through the Goldenvoice label. It was recorded at the Universal Amphitheater on 26 April 1998 in Los Angeles. The show was Madness' first in America since 1984.

Universal Amphitheatre
Universal Amphitheatre (later known as Gibson Amphitheatre) was an indoor amphitheatre located in Los Angeles, California, within Universal City. It was built as an outdoor venue, opening in the summer of 1972 with a production of Jesus Christ Superstar.  It was remodeled and converted into an indoor theatre in 1982 to improve acoustics. The amphitheater closed on September 6, 2013, and was demolished for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood.
Bjuv Municipality
Bjuv Municipality (Swedish: Bjuvs kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bjuv.

The amalgamations connected to the 1971 local government reform in Sweden took place in this area in 1974, when "old" Bjuv (a market town (köping) since 1946) was amalgamated with Billesholm and Ekeby.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
1622 North Guyuan earthquake
The 1622 North Guyuan earthquake struck Ningxia, China on 25 October with a magnitude of 7.0 Ms and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was the only recorded big earthquake in western China for 148 years, between 1561 and 1709. The earthquake occurred on the "rake of the Zhongwei-Tongxin fault", with a mid-seismogenic depth of about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Matěj Helebrand
Matěj Helebrand (born 19 June 1997) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a defender for a Slovak team FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce-Vrable

He made his senior league debut for Opava on 21 August 2016 in a Czech National Football League 3–3 draw at Viktoria Žižkov. On 26 April 2017, he scored the winning goal in Opava's 2–0 win at Mladá Boleslav in the Czech FA Cup semi-finals, helping his Second League team to defeat their fourth First League opponents in a row and advance to the FA Cup final for the first time in club history.

On 1 July 2024, Matej moved to Zlate Moravce on a free transfer.

SFC Opava
Slezský FC Opava is a professional football club based in Opava, Czech Republic. The club plays in the Czech National Football League, the second of Czech football after being relegated from the Czech First League at the end of the 2020–21 season.
Stanley Potato House
Stanley Potato House is a historic potato house located near Laurel, Sussex County, Delaware, United States. It is one of the last surviving examples of its building type.  It was built about 1920, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, gable fronted, balloon frame structure on a brick foundation. It measures 17 feet by 23 feet. It retains a number of important elements characteristic of potato house including: minimal fenestration, center aisle floor plan, double siding, and hatched loading doors.

It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Potato house
A potato house is a structure built for the storage of harvested potatoes or sweet potatoes. Such buildings were common in Sussex County, Delaware, and adjoining areas of Delaware,  and Maryland in the early 20th century, when sweet potato production was at its local peak.

Similar structures were used in Maine to store potatoes.
Kondras Khurd
Kondras Khurd is a village in Amawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 5 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, its population is 296, in 61 households.

The 1961 census recorded Kondras Khurd as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 104 people (58 male and 46 female), in 27 households and 24 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 195 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Kondras Khurd (as "Kundras Khurd") as having a population of 205 people, in 38 households, and having an area of 79.32 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Sheafer
Sheafer, Sheaffer, and Sheafor are variations of a surname.

People with this surname include

Sheafer

Edward D. Sheafer Jr. (1940–2016), United States Navy officer

Sheaffer

Danny Sheaffer (born 1961), American baseball player

John Richard Sheaffer (born 1931), is an American innovator

Robert Sheaffer (born 1949), American freelance writer and UFO skeptic

Sasha Pieterse (née Sheaffer; born 1996), South African-born American actress, singer and songwriter

Walter A. Sheaffer (1867–1946), American inventor and businessman

Sheafor

John W. Sheafor (1852–1928), justice of the Colorado Supreme Court

Nathan Sheafor (born 1961), American cyclist

Danny Sheaffer
Danny Todd Sheaffer (born August 2, 1961) is an American former Major League Baseball catcher and third baseman and former manager of the Princeton Rays, the Rookie League affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays. Scheaffer was a minor league baseball coach within the Houston Astros organization.  From 2009 through 2012, he was the minor league catching instructor.  Previously, he was the manager of the Round Rock Express (2007), the Astros' Triple-A affiliate, and the Memphis Redbirds (2003–2006).
Aric Rindfleisch
Aric Rindfleisch (born 28 October 1965), is an American marketing author and professor. He is the Executive Director of the Illinois MakerLab at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and John M. Jones Professor of Marketing. He was included in "The Best 300 Professors" list compiled by The Princeton Review in 2012.

Rindfleisch is a former executive at the advertising agency J. Walter Thompson. In 2015 he started a course on digital marketing at Coursera. He also served as an officer in the US Army Reserve for 14 years.

Coursera
Coursera Inc. (/kərˈsɛrə/) is an American for-profit online university, earlier operating as a global massive open online course provider from 2012 until 2021. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects.

On February 2, 2021, Coursera announced its B Corporation certification from B Lab and its transformation into a Public Benefit Corporation.

As of 2023, more than 300 universities and companies were offering courses through Coursera, and by 2024, the number of courses available had risen to approximately 7,000.

In December 2024, Gerg Hart, who served 23 years as Technical Advisor to Jeff Bezos at Amazon  was hired as Coursera's new CEO and ended the opportunity to audit courses for free, putting all of the previously free university courses under a paywall starting at USD49 per month.
1966 Amstel Gold Race
The 1966 Amstel Gold Race was the first edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 30, 1966, in the Dutch provinces of North Brabant and Limburg. The race stretched 302 kilometres instead of the supposed 249 km, with the start in Breda and the finish in Meerssen. This was because of rerouting because of Koningsdag festivities in the centers of towns and villages across the route. There were a total of 120 competitors, including Jacques Anquetil, Raymond Poulidor, Tom Simpson and winner Jean Stablinski. Eventually 30 cyclists finished the race, due to the extra kilometers that where races.

Jacques Anquetil
Jacques Anquetil (pronounced [ʒak ɑ̃k.til]; 8 January 1934 – 18 November 1987) was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the  Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964.

He stated before the 1961 Tour that he would gain the yellow jersey on day one and wear it all through the tour, a tall order with two previous winners in the field—Charly Gaul and Federico Bahamontes—but he did it. His victories in stage races such as the Tour were built on an exceptional ability to ride alone against the clock in individual time trial stages, which lent him the name "Monsieur Chrono".

He won eight Grand Tours in his career, which was a record when he retired and was surpassed only by Eddy Merckx and Bernard Hinault.
Ksar Draa
Ksar Draa (also known as Ksar Draa of Timimoun and the Timimoun Citadel) is an abandoned ksar located in the Timimoun Province (formerly part of Adrar Province) of Algeria. It is notable for its isolated location in the Sahara Desert and its uncertain history, and is one of the best preserved ksour in the region. The structure consists of two circular outer walls of sand, straw and clay, standing approximately 10 metres (33 ft) tall and up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) thick. It has a single entrance and no exterior windows. Inside it contained living spaces, communal kitchens and a mosque, spread across three levels.

Theories about its original purpose include its use as a hiding place by Jews during times of religious persecution in the Touat, as a caravanserai (lodging place for caravans on the Trans-Saharan trade route), as a military outpost, or as a prison.

Ksar
Ksar or qṣar (Arabic: قصر, romanized: qṣar), in plural ksour or qsour (Arabic: قصور, romanized: qṣur), is a type of fortified village in North Africa, usually found in the regions predominantly or traditionally inhabited by Berbers (Amazigh). The equivalent Berber term used is ighrem (singular) or igherman (plural).