hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rémy Pautrat
Rémy Pautrat (13 February 1940 – 6 April 2025) was a French civil servant. He served as Director of the Direction de la surveillance du territoire from 1985 to 1986 and was security advisor to Prime Minister Michel Rocard from 1988 to 1991. He also served as Deputy Secretary-General of the Secretariat-General for National Defence and Security (SGDN) from 1994 to 1996.

Direction de la surveillance du territoire
The Direction de la surveillance du territoire (French pronunciation: [diʁɛksjɔ̃ də la syʁvɛjɑ̃s dy tɛʁitwaʁ], lit. 'Directorate of Territorial Surveillance', abbr. DST) was a directorate of the French National Police operating as a domestic intelligence agency. It was responsible for counterespionage, counterterrorism and more generally the security of France against foreign threats and interference. It was created in 1944 with its headquarters situated at 7 rue Nélaton in Paris. On 1 July 2008, it was merged with the Direction centrale des renseignements généraux into the new Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur.

The DST Economic Security and Protection of National Assets department had units in the 22 regions of France to protect French technology. It operated for 20 years, not only on behalf of defense industry leaders, but also for pharmaceuticals, telecoms, the automobile industry, and all manufacturing and service sectors.
Universe (mathematics)
In mathematics, and particularly in set theory, category theory, type theory, and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a collection that contains all the entities one wishes to consider in a given situation.

In set theory, universes are often classes that contain (as elements) all sets for which one hopes to prove a particular theorem. These classes can serve as inner models for various axiomatic systems such as ZFC or Morse–Kelley set theory. Universes are of critical importance to formalizing concepts in category theory inside set-theoretical foundations. For instance, the canonical motivating example of a category is Set, the category of all sets, which cannot be formalized in a set theory without some notion of a universe.

In type theory, a universe is a type whose elements are types.

Glossary of mathematical jargon
The language of mathematics has a wide vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in lectures, and sometimes in print, as informal shorthand for rigorous arguments or precise ideas. Much of this uses common English words, but with a specific non-obvious meaning when used in a mathematical sense.

Some phrases, like "in general",  appear below in more than one section.
Jana Novotná
Jana Novotná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjana ˈnovotnaː]; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a Czech professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 2 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in 1997, and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 67 weeks. Novotná won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998, and was runner-up in three other singles majors. She also won twelve major women's doubles titles (completing a double career Grand Slam), four major mixed doubles titles, and three Olympic medals. Novotná played a serve and volley game, an increasingly rare style of play among women during her career.

Tennis at the Summer Olympics
Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics due to disputes between the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the International Olympic Committee over how to define amateur players. After two appearances as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984 (with a U-21 age limit), it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics open for all players regardless of their age and status and has been played at every summer Games since then.
Knighting sword
A knighting sword is a sword used by a monarch during an investiture ceremony in which a person is given an accolade and becomes a knight.

The knighting sword used by the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II was the sword she inherited from her father, George VI, from when he was Duke of York and colonel of the Scots Guard.

Scots Guards
The Scots Guards (SG) is the regiment of Foot Guards of Scotland, and one of the five foot guard regiments of the British Army. Its origins are as the personal bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland. Its lineage can be traced back to 1642 in the Kingdom of Scotland, although it was only placed on the English Establishment in 1686.
Ovide River
The Ovide River is a tributary of rivière à l'Ours, flowing successively in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, in the municipalities of Sainte-Hedwidge and Saint-Prime, in the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Ovide river valley is served by forest roads.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley, as well as recreational tourism activities in the Zec de la Lièvre area.

The surface of the Ovide River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, except the rapids areas; however, safe traffic on the ice is generally from mid-December to mid-March.

Local municipality (Quebec)
The local municipality (French: municipalité locale) is the lowest unit of local government in Quebec, Canada and is distinguished from the higher-level regional county municipality, or RCM, a municipal government at the supralocal level.

Eight municipalities are further subdivided into boroughs.

There are also eleven agglomerations grouping a number of municipalities and exercising some of the powers that would be exercised by a municipality elsewhere in Quebec.

With the exception of some Aboriginal communities, municipalities are governed by the Towns and Cities Act and the Municipal Code of Québec.
Barbara Habberjam
Barbara Habberjam is a prominent English translator of Gilles Deleuze's works. She often collaborates with the translator Hugh Tomlinson.

Prior to working as a translator, she had worked as a diplomat in both France and Russia.

Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Louis René Deleuze (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered to be his magnum opus.

An important part of Deleuze's oeuvre is devoted to the reading of other philosophers: the Stoics, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Spinoza, and Bergson. A. W. Moore, citing Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the "greatest philosophers". Although he once characterized himself as a "pure metaphysician", his work has influenced a variety of disciplines across the humanities, including philosophy, art, and literary theory, as well as movements such as post-structuralism and postmodernism.
USS Restless (1861)
USS Restless was a barque acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

She was used as a gunboat by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Circassians in Libya
Circassians in Libya (Adyghe: Либием ис Адыгэхэр, romanized: Libiyem yis Adıgəxər) refers to the Circassian diaspora settled in Libya, numbering about 30,000 today. They live mainly in Misrata and Benghazi. They have been integrated into Libyan society and are mostly Arabised.

Misrata
Misrata (/mɪsˈrɑːtə/ miss-RAH-tə; Arabic: مصراتة, romanized: Miṣrāta, Libyan Arabic: Məṣrāta; also spelled Misratah and known by the Italian spelling Misurata) is a city in northwestern Libya located in the Misrata District, situated 187 km (116 mi) to the east of Tripoli on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata. With a population of about 881,000, it is the third-largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi. It is the capital city of the Misrata District and has been called the economic and trade capital of Libya. Its harbor is at Qasr Ahmad.
Russell Goodrick
Michael Russell Goodrick (1948 – 10 May 2021) was an Australian politician and the former newsreader of Channel 9 in Western Australia from the 1974 to 1997. He served on the board of the Swan Chamber of Commerce and held numerous events in Perth since the 1990s, including Carols by Candlelight events in Perth. For his role as a presenter on Channel 9, he won a Logie award in 1983.

Goodrick helped create Crime Stoppers in Australia. In the 2017 Western Australian state election, he contested the East Metropolitan Region for the Julie Matheson for Western Australia party. He again contested in the 2018 Darling Range by-election for the Western Australia Party. In January 2021, he was diagnosed with necrotizing pancreatitis, which caused his death on 11 May 2021.

2018 Darling Range state by-election
A by-election for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Darling Range was held on 23 June 2018 following the resignation of Barry Urban on 8 May.

Won by Labor for the first time in the seat's history at the landslide 2017 state election, the Liberals regained the seat.
Jean-Philippe Bolduc
Jean-Philippe Bolduc is a Canadian former professional football defensive back. He was drafted by the Calgary Stampeders 38th overall in the fifth round of the 2016 CFL draft and signed with the team on May 23, 2016. He was released as part of final training camp cuts on June 19, 2016 and then signed with the Ottawa Redblacks on June 27, 2016. He won his first Grey Cup championship in his rookie year when the Redblacks defeated the Stampeders in the 104th Grey Cup. He played Canadian Interuniversity Sport football for the Laval Rouge et Or. He retired from football on June 15, 2021.

Laval Rouge et Or football
The Laval Rouge et Or football team represents Laval University in Quebec City in the sport of Canadian football in U Sports. The program began its first regular season in 1996 and has quickly become one of the most successful programs in Canadian university football history. The Rouge et Or have won a record 12 Vanier Cup championships and their most recent victory occurred at the 59th Vanier Cup in 2024. They are also the only program to have played in four straight Vanier Cups and have a record of 12–2 in Vanier Cup games. The Rouge et Or have also won the Dunsmore Cup 17 times since 1999, demonstrating their historical dominance in their conference.
Al-Ula Development Company
Al-Ula Development Company (UDC; Arabic: شركة العلا للتطوير) is a hospitality and real estate development company based in Al-Ula, Saudi Arabia. The company was founded in January 2023 by the Public Investment Fund as part of Saudi Vision 2030. The company aims to transform Al-Ula into a global tourist destination.

Habitas
Habitas (stylized all caps HABITAS) is a hospitality management group. It operates hotels with its flagship location in Tulum, Mexico. In addition to its flagship hotel in Tulum, it is building other hotel properties throughout Mexico and Namibia.
William Brownlow (1683–1739)
William Brownlow (31 December 1683 – 27 August 1739) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

He was the eldest son of Arthur Chamberlain Brownlow and Jane Hartstonge, daughter of Sir Standish Hartstonge, 1st Baronet of Bruff, County Limerick, a Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland), and his first wife Elizabeth Jermyn of Gunton Hall, Norfolk. His father was the son of Patrick Chamberlain and Letitia Brownlow, and adopted his mother's family name on inheriting the estate of his grandfather, Sir William Brownlow, who married Eleanor O'Doherty, daughter of Sir Cahir O'Doherty.

He was educated at Trinity College Dublin. Brownlow was elected to the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for County Armagh in 1711, and held the seat at subsequent elections until his death in 1739.

He married Lady Elizabeth Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn and Elizabeth Reading; they had four daughters and one son, William, who would also become MP for Armagh.

Bruff
Bruff (Irish: An Brú) is a town in east County Limerick, in the midwest of Ireland, located on the old Limerick–Cork road (R512). The town lies on the Morning Star river, with two bridges in the town itself. The horseshoe lake of Lough Gur is nearby. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Chaconne
A chaconne (/ʃəˈkɒn/ shə-KON, French: [ʃakɔn]; Spanish: chacona [tʃaˈkona]; Italian: ciaccona [tʃakˈkoːna]; earlier English: chacony) is a type of musical composition often used as a vehicle for variation on a repeated short harmonic progression, often involving a fairly short repetitive bass-line (ground bass) which offers a compositional outline for variation, decoration, figuration and melodic invention. In this it closely resembles the passacaglia. It originates and was particularly popular in the Baroque era; a large number of Chaconnes exist from the 17th and 18th centuries.

The ground bass, if there is one, may typically descend stepwise from the tonic to the dominant pitch of the scale; the harmonies given to the upper parts may emphasize the circle of fifths or a derivative pattern thereof.

Triple metre
Triple metre (US: triple meter; also known as triple time) is a musical metre characterised by a primary division of 3 beats to the bar, usually indicated by 3 (simple) or 9 (compound) in the upper figure of the time signature, with 34, 38 and 98 being the most common examples. In these signatures, beats form groups of three, establishing a triple meter feel in the music or song. The upper figure being divisible by three does not of itself indicate triple metre; for example, a time signature of 68 usually indicates compound duple metre, and similarly 128 usually indicates compound quadruple metre.

Shown below are a simple and a compound triple drum pattern.
Houston A.P. Bassett
Houston A.P. (Pat) Bassett (March 14, 1857 – July 17, 1920) was an African-American Republican politician who served in the Twentieth Texas Legislature.  The son of poor farmers, Bassett lived in his native Grimes County, Texas, for most of his life.  He was educated at Straight University in New Orleans, Louisiana, and  Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. Upon returning to Texas, he became involved in politics and won a contested election for the Texas House of Representatives in 1886.  He served only one term.  He and his wife, the former Cordelia Foster, had four children.

He and 51 other African Americans who served in Texas during the 19th century are commemorated on a memorial dedicated in 2010.

Straight University
Straight University (known as Straight College after 1915) was an American historically black college that operated between 1868 and 1934 in New Orleans, Louisiana. After struggling with financial difficulties, it was merged with New Orleans University to form Dillard University.
Eugenio Siena
Eugenio Siena (1 April 1905 - 15 May 1938) was an Italian racecar driver from Milan.

A cousin of Giuseppe Campari, he was a mechanic and testdriver  for Alfa Romeo (assistant to Enzo Ferrari).
Next, he  joined Scuderia Ferrari 1930–34.
Siena won the 1932 Spa 24 Hours with Antonio Brivio in Alfa Romeo 8C, and Mille Miglia with
Tazio Nuvolari in  1934.  He managed the Scuderia Siena team and raced Maserati 1934–36, then voiturette.

He died in an accident at the 1938 Tripoli Grand Prix, driving a Tipo 312.

Maserati
Maserati S.p.A. (Italian: [mazeˈraːti]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914 in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021.
Oscar Carré
Oscar Carré (Halberstadt, December 22, 1845 - Copenhagen, June 29, 1911) was a circus director and entrepreneur. He was the son of Wilhelm Carré and Dutch equestrian Cornelia Adriana de Gast (stage name: Kätchen Carré). Oscar was responsible for the construction of the famous Circustheater Carré on the Amstel River in Amsterdam. The Oscar Carré Trophy is a Dutch circus award named him.

Amstel
The Amstel (Dutch: [ˈɑmstəl] ⓘ) is a river in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. It flows from the Aarkanaal and Drecht in Nieuwveen northwards, passing Uithoorn, Amstelveen, and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel, to the IJ in Amsterdam, to which the river gives its name. Annually, the river is the location of the Liberation Day concert, Head of the River Amstel rowing match, and the Amsterdam Gay Pride boat parade.
Studies in Language
Studies in Language is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in linguistics as viewed from discourse-pragmatic, functional, and typological perspectives. It is published by John Benjamins Publishing Company and was established in 1977. Its managing editors are Lindsay Whaley and Katharina Haude.

Former editors were Ekkehard König (Freie Universität Berlin), John Verhaar, Bernard Comrie, and Balthasar Bickel.

This journal, along with Linguistics and Philosophy, is a continuation of the journal Foundations of Language (1965 to 1976).

Lindsay J. Whaley
Lindsay J. Whaley is a professor of linguistics and classics at Dartmouth College

He received his bachelor's degree with honors from Calvin College in 1988. He went on to the State University of New York, where he earned his master's degree (1990) and PhD (1993).
Limited Edition (Yolandita Monge album)
Limited Edition is a remix album by Puerto Rican singer Yolandita Monge and the first ever of its kind by any Latin performer, male or female.

It was produced and remixed by internationally known DJ and producer Pablo Flores along with his partner, Grammy-winning engineer Javier Garza.  The album includes the new Megamix and selected remixes from the previously released Maxi Singles of Por Tí, Fuiste Un Sueño and No Me Acostumbro. The cover is a new color painted photo from Vivencias by Raúl Torres.  It was released in 1991 and is out of print in all media formats.

Remix album
A remix album is an album consisting of remixes or rerecorded versions of an artist's earlier released material. The first act who employed the format was American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson (Aerial Pandemonium Ballet, 1971). As of 2007, the best-selling remix album of all time is Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997).
Busscar de Colombia
Busscar de Colombia it is a Colombian business enterprise making buses, whose main headquarters of operations is in the city of Pereira, in Risaralda, and which was a subsidiary of the parent company based in the city of Joinville, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Cormery Abbey
Cormery Abbey or the Abbey of Saint Paul, Cormery (French: Abbaye Saint-Paul de Cormery), is a former Benedictine abbey located on the territory of the commune of Cormery in the French department of Indre-et-Loire in the Centre-Val de Loire region.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Cambridge University Council
The Council of the University of Cambridge is the principal executive and policy-making body, having responsibility for the administration of the university, for the planning of its work and for the management of its resources. Since the Regent House is the governing body of the university, the council must report and be accountable to the Regents through a variety of checks and balances. It has the right to report to the university and is obliged to advise the Regent House on matters of general concern to the university. It performs both functions by authorising notices to be published in the Cambridge University Reporter, its official journal.

Cambridge University is an exempt charity, under the Charities Act 2011 regulated by the Office for Students. Under charity law its trustees are members of the University Council.

Office for Students
The Office for Students (OfS) is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Education of the United Kingdom Government. It acts as the regulator and competition authority for the higher education sector in England.
Thieves Like Us (film)
Thieves Like Us is a 1974 American crime film, set in the United States of the 1930s. It was directed by Robert Altman and starred Keith Carradine and Shelley Duvall. The film was based on the novel of the same name by Edward Anderson, which also supplied source material for the 1948 film They Live by Night, directed by Nicholas Ray. The Altman film sticks much closer to the book. The supporting cast includes Louise Fletcher and Tom Skerritt.

The film was entered into the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.

1974 Cannes Film Festival
The 27th Cannes Film Festival took place from 9 to 24 May 1974. French filmmaker René Clair served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prix, then the festival's main prize, was awarded to American filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola for the drama film The Conversation.

The festival opened with Amarcord by Federico Fellini, and closed with S*P*Y*S by Irvin Kershner.
Maddahi
Maddahi is a ceremonial singing or eulogy recitation especially for Shia Muslims. The word Maddahi means "to praise" in Arabic. One who sings this style is called a maddah. Maddahs mostly sing on Ahl al-Bayt's birth and death anniversary. The theme of Maddahi may be joyous or sorrowful. Most maddahs are men but some women perform in exclusively female gatherings. The majority of maddahis are sung in mourning of Ahl al-Bayt, particularly at the Mourning of Muharram in the beginning of Muharram until the Day of Ashura and Arba'een.

Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five.

While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard.