hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hill Montague
Hill Montague (Dec 29, 1866 – June 29, 1952) was a Virginia lawyer and politician.

Montague was born in 1866 in Gloucester County, Virginia. He attended the University of Virginia and Richmond College, graduating with a law degree. After graduating from law school, Montague was admitted to the Virginia bar and a member of the law firm of Montague and Dawson. In 1894, Montague married Mary Meade Winston. They had three children.

He was a member of the Odd Fellows and was the Grand Warden of the organization's Grand Lodge of Virginia, later serving as the Independent Order of Odd Fellows' national president. In 1907, Montague was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, serving from 1908 to 1915. In 1912, Montague introduced an amendment to the Virginia constitution granting women the right to vote.

Montague died on June 29, 1959, in Richmond, Virginia, at the age of 92. He is buried at Hollywood Cemetery.

Virginia Bar Association
The Virginia Bar Association (VBA) is a voluntary organization of lawyers, judges and law school faculty and students in Virginia, with offices in Richmond, Virginia. Key elements are advocacy, professionalism, service and collegiality. It provides services to its members such as assistance in law office management, promotes or opposes selected state legislation and the administration of justice, and publishes the VBA Journal. It is to be distinguished from the Virginia State Bar, which is the administrative agency of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Virginia is one of three states that has both a statewide voluntary and mandatory bar association.
Mushaway Peak
Mushaway Peak is a small but conspicuous butte located 4 mi (6.4 km) southeast of Gail in central Borden County, Texas.  It is one of the region's most venerable landmarks.

The summit of this peak rises to an altitude of 2,851 ft (869 m) above sea level, which is roughly the same altitude as the High Plains of the Llano Estacado 10 mi (16 km) to the northwest.  Mushaway Peak is in fact an erosional remnant of what was once a much larger Llano Estacado that has gradually retreated by the process of headward erosion.  Its resistant cap has protected its underlying sediments, which have remained intact while surrounding sediments have been eroded away by Grape Creek and Bull Creek, two tributaries of the upper Colorado River.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Cedar Pass
Cedar Pass is a gap between Tippett Canyon and Pleasant Valley in White Pine County, Nevada. These valleys divide the South Mountains from the Kern Mountains. It is lies at an altitude of 7,264 feet (2,214 meters).

Gap (landform)
A gap is a geological formation that is a low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge or mountain range.

It may be called a col, notch, pass, saddle, water gap, or wind gap. Geomorphologically, a gap is most often carved by water erosion from a freshet, stream or a river. Gaps created by freshets are often, if not normally, devoid of water through much of the year, their streams being dependent upon the meltwaters of a snow pack. Gaps sourced by small springs will generally have a small stream excepting perhaps during the most arid parts of the year.

Water gaps of necessity often cut entirely through a barrier range and riverine gaps may create canyons such as the riverine gaps of the Danube River, Lehigh River Gorge, the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and the Genesee River. Such cuttings may expose millennia of strata in the local rock column writing the geologic record.
George, Duke of Mecklenburg
George, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: Georg Herzog zu Mecklenburg; 5 October [O.S. 22 September] 1899 – 6 July 1963) was the head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1934 until his death. Through his father, he was a descendant of Emperor Paul I of Russia.

Sigmaringen
Sigmaringen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːkmaʁɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Semmerenga) is a town in southern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Situated on the upper Danube, it is the capital of the Sigmaringen district.

Sigmaringen is renowned for its castle, Schloss Sigmaringen, which was the seat of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1850 and is still owned by the Hohenzollern family.
Jhalawar City–Shri Ganganagar Superfast Express
The 22997 / 22998 Jhalawar City–Shri Ganganagar Superfast Express is a superfast express train belonging to West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between Jhalawar City and Shri Ganganagar Junction of Rajasthan state in India.

Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station
Sawai Madhopur Junction railway station (station code: SWM) is a prominent railway station located on the New Delhi–Kota section of the New Delhi–Mumbai main line and the Jaipur–Mumbai rail line, under the jurisdiction of the West Central Railway. The station serves as a vital transit point and is well-connected to major cities, including New Delhi, Mumbai Central, Jaipur Junction, Bharatpur, Mathura, Agra, Kanpur Central, Ahmedabad, and Kota Junction. The station serves as an important halt for all trains that are bound for Jaipur, Mumbai & Delhi. Trains that are bound for Jaipur from Kota side reverse direction here & Trains that are bound for Jaipur from Agra side stops here.
John Vaughan (died 1577)
John Vaughan (by 1512 – 25 June 1577) was an English politician.

Vaughan was a Member of the Parliament of England for Herefordshire in 1542, Horsham in 1547, Surrey in 1547, Petersfield in March 1553, April 1554 and November 1554, Bletchingley in 1555, Hedon in 1559, Northumberland in 1563, Dartmouth in 1571 and Grantham in 1572.

Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)
Surrey was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1832.

The constituency was split into two two-member divisions, for Parliamentary purposes, in 1832. The county was then represented by the East Surrey and West Surrey constituencies.
Utica Alternative Learning Center
The UCS Alternative Learning Center, or ALC, is an alternative school located in Sterling Heights, Michigan. The school serves students in grades 9–12 who are unable to attend a traditional high school in the school district. The center also operates as the district's summer school location.

District students can either graduate directly from the ALC, or can use the center as a means of improving attendance or Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) scores, or to regain lost credits to graduate from one of the traditional high schools.

The ALC is a Title I school under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Steve Mormando
George Steven "Steve" Mormando (born August 14, 1955) is an American fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1984, 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. He was the national champion in sabre in 1987. He is also a successful fencing coach, a career which started in 1981. He represented the United States at four Senior World Championships (1985, 1987, 1989 and 1991). Mormando's Sabre Teammates at the Olympics include Peter Westbrook, Michael Lofton (aka Mika'il Sankofa), Robert “Bobby” Cottingham, Phil Reilly, Joel Glucksman, Paul Friedberg, and John Friedberg. He is also a member of the Fencers Club in New York (USA).

Fencers Club
The Fencers Club in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, is the oldest fencing club in the Western Hemisphere. It is a member of the Metropolitan Division of the U.S. Fencing Association.  Established in 1883, it has evolved into a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit fencing organization dedicated to fencing and community service.  It has produced a number of national champions and Olympians.

The Fencers Club includes 22 full-length metal grounded training strips with electronic scoring equipment, as well as an in-house pro shop and armory.
Upton, Bexley
Upton was a hamlet in the southwest of today's Bexleyheath in the London Borough of Bexley, in the historic county of Kent.

Originally, it was on fertile, south- and west-facing slopes, below the main heathland/pasture of the parish of Bexley. As the town known as Bexleyheath arose during the late 19th century and in early half of the next century, Upton became absorbed into it.

In 1860, Red House, the elegant brick and tile home designed by Philip Webb for William Morris, was built on the heath in Upton. Red House is now preserved by the National Trust.

From 1887 to 1978, it was heavily associated with a hospital on Upton Road. The building was still there in 2019.

Philip Webb
Philip Speakman Webb (12 January 1831 – 17 April 1915) was a British architect and designer sometimes called the Father of Arts and Crafts Architecture. His use of vernacular architecture demonstrated his commitment to "the art of common building." William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriel Rossetti were his business partners and he designed many notable buildings including one for Morris. He co-founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings.
Classical school (criminology)
In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes of criminal behavior.  The classical school of thought was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as the punishment is proportional, fits the crime, and is carried out promptly.

Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice when a crime is committed. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include retribution, reformation and rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and the prison system.
SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand
SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand  was an Austro-Hungarian Radetzky-class pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 5 June 1910. She was named after Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The first ship of her class to be built, she preceded Radetzky by more than six months. Her armament included four 30.5 cm (12 in) guns in two twin turrets, and eight 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in four twin turrets.

She participated in an international naval protest of the Balkan Wars in 1913, during which she helped enforce a blockade of Montenegro. She was also one of the first ships to deploy seaplanes for military use. During World War I, she saw limited service in the 2nd Division of the 1st Battle Squadron, including mobilization to assist the escape of the German ships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau and the bombardment of Ancona in 1915. At the end of the war, she was ceded to Italy as a war prize and was eventually scrapped in 1926.

Prize of war
A prize of war (also called spoils of war, bounty or booty) is a piece of enemy property or land seized by a belligerent party during or after a war or battle. This term was used nearly exclusively in terms of captured ships during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Heherson Alvarez
Heherson "Sonny" Turingan Alvarez (October 26, 1939 – April 20, 2020) was a politician from the Philippines. He served as a member of the House of Representatives and the Senate of the Philippines. He was also Minister (then Secretary) of Agrarian Reform from 1986 to 1987 and Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources from 2001 to 2002.

Department of Agrarian Reform
The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Repormang Pansakahan) is an executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the redistribution of agrarian land in the Philippines. The secretary of agrarian reform is the head of DAR.
Hannah Mayho
Hannah Mayho (born 10 December 1990) is an English road and track cyclist from Cullingworth, West Yorkshire, and a member of British Cycling's Olympic Academy Squad. A former county netball player and cross-country runner, Mayho began cycling in 2006 having been spotted at her school by British Cycling's Talent Team, she was then coached by their coaches Phil West and Frances Newstead. At first she concentrated on athletics, but, seeing the pathway to success more clearly defined in cycling, she chose to concentrate on that sport.

A car collided with her on a training ride in May 2010, breaking her left leg and her right arm and wrist. A year after her accident Mayho returned to racing at the British National Time Trial Championships where she finished third in the Junior Women's event.

Mayho went on to study for a BSc in Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Chester.

Cullingworth
Cullingworth is a village and civil parish in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Within the boundaries of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 7 miles (11 km) west of Bradford and 3 miles (5 km) south of Keighley. The surrounding countryside is mainly used for sheep and cattle farming, with areas of moorland lying to the north and west.

The village has undergone expansion in recent years, including a new primary school and housing estates. Cullingworth is now a popular commuter settlement serving the nearby towns of Keighley, Bradford and Halifax. The village had a population of 2,932 at the 2011 Census.
Signed to the Streets
Signed to the Streets is the 4th mixtape by American drill rapper Lil Durk, hosted by DJ Drama. It was released on October 10, 2013. The mixtape features production by Chase Davis, Dree The Drummer, Fade, Nito Beats, Paris Beuller, Sunny Norway, TGM, Young Chop and Zaytoven. The mixtape features a sole guest appearance from Lil Reese who appears twice on the mixtape.

Young Chop
Tyree Lamar Pittman (born November 14, 1993), better known by his stage name Young Chop, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He is best known for producing drill hip hop music, and for producing many of Chief Keef's early hits, including "I Don't Like", "Love Sosa", and "3Hunna".
Höfðaletur
Höfðaletur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhœvðaˌlɛːtʏr̥]; "head letters") is an unusual Icelandic font used in carving that has recently been adapted for use in printing. The letters do not have a fixed form.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
John Dickson (priest)
John Dickson (1746–1814)  was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the 18th century.

Benson was   educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Prebendary of Dunsfort in Down Cathedral from 1782 to 1796; and Archdeacon of Down from 1782 until his death.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Walbert IV
Saint Walbert IV (French: Sainte Walbert IV) (died c. 640-646 AD), also known as Vaubert, Waubert, or Waudbert was a Merovingian Count of Hainaut and a Frankish saint. He was the father of Saint Waltrude (wife of Madelgaire), and Saint Aldegund, first abbess of Maubeuge.

Cousolre
Cousolre (French pronunciation: [kusɔ(l)ʁ]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

The nearest major city is Charleroi in Belgium (the village is very close to the Belgian border). It is about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Charleroi and 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Maubeuge.
Minsheng Life Insurance
Minsheng Life Insurance Company is one of China's largest insurance companies and one of the six national insurers supervised by China Insurance Regulatory Commission. Its headquarters are in Beijing, China. It provides integrated insurance services, such as life insurance, property insurance and reinsurance.

As of 2012, Minsheng Life employs over 40,000 employees and has established 23 provincial-level subsidiary companies, including in Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, Fujian, Liaoning, Sichuan, Henan, Shanghai, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Shanxi etc.

Property insurance
Property insurance provides protection against most risks to property, such as fire, theft and some weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, or boiler insurance. Property is insured in two main ways—open perils and named perils.

Open perils cover all the causes of loss not specifically excluded in the policy. Common exclusions on open peril policies include damage resulting from earthquakes, floods, nuclear incidents, acts of terrorism, and war.  Named perils require the actual cause of loss to be listed in the policy for insurance to be provided. The more common named perils include such damage-causing events as fire, lightning, explosion, cyber-attack, and theft.
Stephen C. Headley
Stephen Cavanna Headley (born 5 August 1943 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) is a social anthropologist and a priest of the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is best known for his books on the anthropology of prayer and the ethnography of Central Java in Indonesia. He writes in French and English.

Headley was married to the American artist Anne Everett who died in 2013.  He is the son of Young Adult writer Betty Cavanna who died in 2001.

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Bryn Mawr (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR; from Welsh for 'big hill', IPA: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Delaware County of Pennsylvania, United States. It is located just west of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue, also known as U.S. Route 30. As of 2020, the CDP is defined to include sections of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, as well as portions of Haverford Township and Radnor Township.

Bryn Mawr is located toward the center of what is known as the Main Line, a group of affluent Philadelphia suburban villages stretching from the city limits to Malvern. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families during the Gilded Age, and over the decades became a bastion of old money. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,879. Bryn Mawr is home to Bryn Mawr College, and contains a sizable amount of student rentals, with roughly half of the community's population aged 18–24.
Nidd Aqueduct
The Nidd Aqueduct is an aqueduct or  man-made watercourse in North Yorkshire, England.  It feeds water from Angram and Scar House reservoirs in upper Nidderdale, North Yorkshire 32 mi (51 km) to Bradford in West Yorkshire. The aqueduct supplies 21,000,000 imp gal (95,000 m3) of water per day to Chellow Heights water treatment works. The aqueduct and the reservoirs it connects to are all maintained by Yorkshire Water.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Butterflies (Justin Bieber song)
"Butterflies" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released through Def Jam Recordings and ILH Productions as the sixth track from his seventh studio album, Swag, on July 11, 2025. The song was produced by Bieber himself, Eddie Benjamin, Carter Lang, Dylan Wiggins, and Daniel Chetrit, with the five of them writing it alongside Tobias Jesso Jr. and Jackson Morgan.

Dylan Wiggins
Dylan Patrice Wiggins (born October 5, 1995), also known as Sir Dylan, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist, best known for a Season 6 grand finals appearance on America's Got Talent (with hometown pop group PopLyfe), and for co-writing hit singles "Die for You", "Over Now", "Daisies", "I Hate U", and "1-800-273-8255", among others. His productions have appeared on albums including A Seat at the Table, War & Leisure, Motomami, Starboy, SOS, Lux, and Swag.
163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue station
The 163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue station is a local station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located in Washington Heights, Manhattan, at the intersection of Amsterdam and Saint Nicholas Avenues. It is served by the C train at all times except nights, when the A train takes over service.

St. Nicholas Avenue
St. Nicholas Avenue is a major street that runs obliquely north-south through several blocks between 111th and 193rd Streets in the New York City borough of Manhattan. St. Nicholas Avenue serves as a border between the West Side of Harlem and Central Harlem. The route, which follows a course that is much older than the grid pattern of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, passes through the neighborhoods of Harlem, Hamilton Heights, and Washington Heights. It is believed to follow the course of an old Indian trail that became an important road in the 17th century between the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and the British New England Colonies. In the post colonial era, it became the western end of the Boston Post Road. The road became a street when row housing was being built in Harlem during its rapid urban expansion following the end of the American Civil War.