hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tupolev Tu-334
The Tupolev Tu-334 (Russian: Туполев Ту-334) was a Russian short-to-medium range airliner project that was developed to replace the aging Tupolev Tu-134 and Yak-42s in service around the world. The airframe was based on a shortened Tu-204 fuselage and a scaled-down version of that aircraft's wing. Unlike the Tu-204, however, the Tu-334 has a T-tail and engines mounted on the sides of the rear fuselage instead of under the wings. With the nationalisation of the Russian aircraft companies in 2009 to form United Aircraft Corporation it was decided not to continue with the programme.

United Aircraft Corporation
The PJSC United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) (Russian: Объединённая авиастроительная корпорация, romanized: Obyedinyonnaya Aviastroitelnaya Korporatsiya [OAK]) is a Russian aerospace and defense corporation. With a majority stake belonging to the Russian government, it consolidates Russian private and state-owned aircraft manufacturing companies and assets engaged in the manufacture, design, and sale of military, civilian, transport, and unmanned aircraft. Its corporate office is at Leningradsky Avenue, Khoroshyovsky District, Moscow.

Many of the corporation's assets are located in various regions in Russia, with joint ventures with foreign partners in China, India, and Italy.
Protomelas pleurotaenia
Protomelas pleurotaenia is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known from Monkey Bay and Nkhata Bay where it is known to occur from the surface to 10 metres (33 ft).  This species can reach a length of 14.1 centimetres (5.6 in) TL.  This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Hoosimbim Mountain
Hoosimbim Mountain is a summit in Trinity County, California, in the United States. With an elevation of 5,364 feet (1,635 m), Hoosimbim Mountain is the 2323rd highest summit in the state of California.

Hoosimbim is derived from a Wintu-language phrase meaning "buzzard's water".

Trinity County, California
Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. Trinity County is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon, Klamath Mountains, as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties).

As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,112, making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville.
Renkomäki
Renkomäki is the 22nd district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Nikkilä in the north, Ämmälä in the east and Jokimaa and Laune in the northwest, as well as the town of Orimattila in the south.

By a governmental decree made on 29 October 1954, Renkomäki was annexed to Lahti from Orimattila on 1 January 1956.

The population of the statistical district of Renkomäki was 2,736 in 2019.

Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯j(ː)æt̪ˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, South Savo and Kymenlaakso. The biggest city in the region is Lahti.

Päijät-Häme boasts a landscape shaped by two key features. Finland's second-largest, Lake Päijänne, dominates the region, offering a vast freshwater expanse and a vital transportation route. The Salpausselkä ridge, a glacial remnant, adds a touch of elevation and scenic variation. Beyond these, Päijät-Häme features extensive coniferous forests. Rolling hills provide scenic views, while numerous smaller lakes and rivers create a network of waterways.
Mana Al Otaiba
Mana Al Otaiba (Arabic: مانع العتيبة; born 15 May 1946 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates), son of Saeed Al Otaiba, is the former Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of the United Arab Emirates under the presidency of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Al Otaiba then became his Personal Adviser until the president's death, after which he became the Private Advisor to Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, as well as a member of the Royal Moroccan Academy under King Hassan II.

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان, romanized: Zāyid bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, philanthropist, and the founding father of the United Arab Emirates. Zayed served as the governor of Eastern Region from 1946 until he became the ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1966, and served as the first president of the United Arab Emirates from its independence on 2 December 1971 until his death in 2004. He is referred in the United Arab Emirates as the Father of the Nation for being the principal driving force behind the unification of the United Arab Emirates.

Zayed replaced his older brother Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi on 6 August 1966 after Shakhbut was deposed through a bloodless coup by members of the ruling family with British support.
Todd class
In mathematics, the Todd class is a certain construction now considered a part of the theory in algebraic topology of characteristic classes.  The Todd class of a vector bundle can be defined by means of the theory of Chern classes, and is encountered where Chern classes exist — most notably in differential topology, the theory of complex manifolds and algebraic geometry. In rough terms, a Todd class acts like a reciprocal of a Chern class, or stands in relation to it as a conormal bundle does to a normal bundle.

The Todd class plays a fundamental role in generalising the classical Riemann–Roch theorem to higher dimensions, in the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem and the Grothendieck–Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
SMS Arcona
Three cruising vessels of the Prussian Navy and later Imperial German Navy have been named SMS Arcona

SMS Arcona (1858), a frigate launched in 1858

SMS Arcona (1885), a steam corvette launched in 1885

SMS Arcona (1902), a light cruiser launched in 1902

Prussian Navy
The Prussian Navy (German: Preußische Marine), officially the Royal Prussian Navy (German: Königlich Preußische Marine), was the naval force of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1867.

The Prussian Navy was created in 1701 from the former Brandenburg Navy after the elevation of Frederick I from Duke of Prussia to King in Prussia. The Prussian Navy fought in several wars but was active mainly as a merchant navy throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, as Prussia's military consistently concentrated on the Prussian Army. The Prussian Navy was dissolved in 1867 when Prussia joined the North German Confederation, and its naval forces were absorbed into the North German Federal Navy.
Cayuga Medical Center
Cayuga Medical Center, officially referred to as Cayuga Medical Center at Ithaca and abbreviated as CMC, was a not-for-profit general hospital in Ithaca, New York, serving the residents of Broome, Cayuga, Chemung, Cortland, Schuyler, Seneca, Tioga, and Tompkins counties. The hospital has 204 beds in total, and is one of the largest hospitals in the Finger Lakes region and the Southern Tier.

In 2014, the hospital announced its partnership with Schuyler Hospital, another not-for-profit general hospital in nearby Montour Falls, New York and the creation of an umbrella organization for the two hospitals, the Cayuga Health System.

In January 2025, Cayuga Health joined with Arnot Health to operate together as Centralus Health, a private health company Centralus Health, a private health company.

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
Young Humanists International
Young Humanists International, known as the International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation (IHEYO) from 2002 to 2019, is the youth wing of Humanists International (known as the International Humanist and Ethical Union from 1952 to 2019), founded in 2002. It aims to network young humanists around the world together, support training and promote humanist values for the age category of 18–35. It is an umbrella organisation representing around 40,000 young people across the world.

Youth wing
A youth wing is a subsidiary, autonomous, or independently allied front of a larger organization (usually a political party but occasionally another type of organization) that is formed in order to rally support for that organization from members and potential members of a younger age, as well as to focus on subjects and issues more widely relevant among that organization's youth. Youth wings may also be discussion forums for younger members and supporters of the organization to debate policy and ideology.
Division of Fadden
The Division of Fadden is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland, covering most of the northern Gold Coast, including Coomera, Labrador, Ormeau, Pimpama and Runaway Bay. The current MP is Cameron Caldwell of the Liberal Party.

Australian Electoral Commission
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the independent statutory agency of the Australian Government responsible for the management and oversight of Australian federal elections, plebiscites, referendums and some trade union elections.
Chilcayoc
Chilcayoc (possibly from Quechua ch'illka baccharis, -yuq a suffix to indicate possession, "the one that has got baccharis" or "the one with baccharis") is a volcano in the Andes of Peru, about 3,347 metres (10,981 ft) high. It is situated in the "Valley of the Volcanoes"  in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Andagua District. Chilcayoc lies west of the Chachas Lake and north of the volcano Jechapita.

South-east of Chilcayoc and Jechapita there is another volcano named Chilcayoc Grande which is 3,243 metres (10,640 ft) high.

Chachas Lake
Chachas Lake is a lake in Peru located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Chachas District. It is situated at a height of about 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). Chachas Lake lies southwest of the Ch'ila mountain range, near the town of Chachas.
Jean Graetz
Jean Graetz (December 24, 1929 – December 16, 2020), born Jean Ellis, was an American civil rights activist. She and her clergyman husband Robert Graetz were active white supporters of the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955.

Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 – the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person – to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle, a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional, took effect.
WPWX
WPWX (92.3 FM) is an urban contemporary radio station licensed to Hammond, Indiana and serving the Chicago metropolitan area in addition to Northwest Indiana, and is owned by Crawford Broadcasting. The station broadcasts from a transmitter a few hundred feet west of the Illinois/Indiana state line in Burnham, Illinois, with studios on Calumet Avenue in Hammond.

Burnham, Illinois
Burnham is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 4,046 at the 2020 census. Burnham has a Chicago ZIP code (60633) and was named for Telford Burnham, who drew its plat.

There are two sections of Burnham. The westernmost section surrounds Torrence Avenue, a north–south street. Torrence Avenue leaves this part of Burnham via a bridge, with Chicago on the other side. The eastern section surrounds Burnham Avenue, another north–south street. This section of Burnham ends at Brainard Avenue, where the Hegewisch neighborhood of Chicago lies on the other side. Upon entering Chicago, Burnham Avenue becomes Avenue O.
Gn15
Gn15 is a rail modelling scale, using G scale 1:22.5 scale trains running on H0/00 gauge (16.5 mm / 0.65 in) track, representing minimum-gauge and miniature railways. Typical models built are between 1:20.3 and 1:24, or up to 1:29.

Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen NEM 010 specification defines IIp for modelling 300–400 millimetres (12–16 in) gauge.

Scale (ratio)
The scale ratio of a model represents the proportional ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same feature of the original. Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building.

In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing.

The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction  and as a graphical (bar) scale. Thus on an architect's drawing one might read 'one centimeter to  one  meter', 1:100, 1/100, or ⁠1/100⁠. A bar scale would also normally appear on the drawing. Colon may also be substituted with a specific, slightly raised ratio symbol U+2236 ∶ RATIO (&ratio;), ie. "1∶100".
Hundred Thousand Martyrs of Tbilisi
The Hundred Thousand Martyrs (Georgian: ასი ათასი მოწამე, romanized: asi atasi mots'ame; originally, ათნი ბევრნი მოწამენი, at'ni bevrni mots'ameni) are saints of the Georgian Orthodox Church, who were put to death, according to the 14th-century anonymous Georgian Chronicle of a Hundred Years, for not renouncing Christianity by the Khwarazmian sultan Jalal al-Din upon his capture of the Georgian capital of Tbilisi in 1226. The source claims the number of those killed were 100,000. The Georgian church commemorates them on 13 November (O.S. 31 October).

Anushtegin dynasty
The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English: /ænuʃtəˈɡinid/, Persian: خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin from the Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks. The Anushteginid dynasty ruled the Khwarazmian Empire, consisting in large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuks and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao), and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire in the 13th century.

The dynasty was founded by commander Anushtegin Gharchai, a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarazm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarazm. Anush Tigin may have belonged to either the Begdili tribe of the Oghuz Turks or to Chigil, Khalaj, Qipchaq, Qangly, or Uyghurs.
San Nicolas, Manila
San Nicolas is one of the sixteen districts in the city of Manila in the Philippines. It is located at the west central part of the city, on the northern bank of the Pasig River bounded by the districts of Binondo to the east by Estero de Binondo, and Tondo to the north and west, and by the Pasig River to the south. Considered as a heritage district of Manila, this community has kept its 19th-century ancestral houses, which symbolizes the wealthy lives of the people who used to live there, similar to the ancestral houses of Silay and Vigan.

As of the May 1, 2020, national census, the population of San Nicolas, which is composed of 15 barangays named as numbers from 268 to 276 and from 281 to 286, is 42,957. This is slightly lower than the 2010 census that counted San Nicolas residents at 44,241.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
Lacuisine
Lacuisine (French pronunciation: [lakɥizin]; Gaumais: La Keûjine) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Florenville, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.

Prior to the merger of municipalities in 1977, Lacuisine was an independent municipality. It includes the hamlet of Martué.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Hristo Mladenov
Hristo Stefanov Mladenov (Bulgarian: Хpиcтo Cтeфaнoв Mлaдeнoв) (7 January 1928 –  24 August 1996) was a Bulgarian football player and manager. He was the manager of the Bulgaria national team during the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

He coached Bulgaria three times, and narrowly failed to get them to the finals of Euro 88. He also managed Spartak Pleven, Spartak Sofia, Levski Sofia, Beroe Stara Zagora, Slavia Sofia, Farense and Belenenses.

S.C. Farense
Sporting Clube Farense, simply known as Farense, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Faro in the district of the same name and the region of Algarve. Founded in 1910, the club currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2.
1988 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1988 La Flèche Wallonne was the 52nd edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 13 April 1988. The race started in Spa and finished in Huy. The race was won by Rolf Gölz of the Superconfex team.

Huy
Huy (French: [ɥi] ⓘ or [wi] ⓘ; Dutch: Hoei [ɦui] ⓘ; Walloon: Hu) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to the Walloon population.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ben-Ahin, Huy, Neuville-sous-Huy, and Tihange.
Engine House No. 8 (Baltimore)
Engine House No. 8 was a historic fire station located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was a two-story masonry building with a cast-iron street front, erected in 1871 in the Italianate style.  The front featured a simple cornice with a central iron element bearing the legend "No. 8". Engine Company No. 8 operated from this building until 1912.  In 1928 it became the motorcycle shop of Louis M. Helm and the upper story functioned as a clubhouse for a series of boys’ clubs into the 1940s.

Engine House No. 8 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. About 2002, the property was sold and the building was torn down. However, the cast-iron facade was saved, and the first floor cast-iron components were installed at the Fire Museum of Maryland, where the fire house has been put back together.

Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relatively cheap and suitable for a range of uses, and by the mid-19th century it was common as a structural material (and sometimes for entire buildings), and particularly for elaborately patterned architectural elements such as fences and balconies, until it fell out of fashion after 1900 as a decorative material, and was replaced by modern steel and concrete for structural purposes.
Hugh C. Barr
Hugh C. Barr (1878–1960), of New York City, was a stamp dealer and auctioneer who started out in the stamp business in 1900. Barr had also served as the editor of Spanish Vogue and Dun's International Review.

Stamp dealer
A stamp dealer is a company or individual engaged in the trade of stamps and philatelic products. This includes those who sell postage stamps for everyday use as well as revenue stamps for use on court documents. Stamp dealers who sell to stamp collectors and philatelists are of many kinds and their businesses range from small home operations to large international companies.