hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marconia
Marconia is the main hamlet of the municipality of Pisticci in the Italian province of Matera. It is only 10 km from the Ionian coast of the same municipality and together with the peripheral urban agglomerations of Tinchi, Centro Agricolo, Casinello and the coastal area has approximately 13,000 inhabitants.
Marconia is the newest and most populous town in the municipality of Pisticci and is located in a flat and central position in the Metapontino area.

Marconia was established during the Second World War as a fascist exile colony inhabited by political dissidents. After the dissolution of the colony, which occurred with the fall of fascism in Italy in 1943, some of the internees returned to their hometowns, others moved to Pisticci, but many decided to remain there.

Marconia is named for Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian 20th-century inventor credited with the invention of radio.

Penal colony
A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority.

Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm.
Spanning tree
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a spanning tree T of an undirected graph G is a subgraph that is a tree which includes all of the vertices of G. In general, a graph may have several spanning trees, but a graph that is not connected will not contain a spanning tree (see about spanning forests below). If all of the edges of G are also edges of a spanning tree T of G, then G is a tree and is identical to T (that is, a tree has a unique spanning tree and it is itself).

Complete graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge.  A complete digraph is a directed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a pair of unique edges (one in each direction).

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete graphs, with their vertices placed on the points of a regular polygon, had already appeared in the 13th century, in the work of Ramon Llull. Such a drawing is sometimes referred to as a mystic rose.
Apostolic Prefecture of Kampong Cham
The Apostolic Prefecture of Kampong Cham is a territorial subdivision of the Roman Catholic Church in Cambodia.

The prefecture covers an area of 66,347 km2 of eastern Cambodia, covering the provinces of Kampong Cham, Kratié, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Svay Rieng, Tboung Khmum and Prey Veng. As of 2002, of the 4.2 million citizen 3,460 are member of the Catholic Church. The prefecture is subdivided into 24 parishes, and has 13 priests altogether.

Stung Treng province
Stung Treng (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, UNGEGN: Stœ̆ng Trêng [stɨŋ traeŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງແຕງ, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [sía̯ŋ tɛ̀ːŋ]; lit. "River of Reeds") is a province  of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.
Croton hancei
Croton hancei Benth., the Hong Kong croton, is a shrub or small tree, a species of Croton which is endemic to Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, it is listed in the book Rare and precious Plants of Hong Kong.

Croton hancei was discovered by H. F. Hance on Hong Kong Island in the 1850s and published by botanist George Bentham as a new species in Flora Hongkongensis in 1861. The species was not observed again until 21 February 1997, when staff of the Hong Kong Herbarium of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department found an "unknown" species on a steep slope woodland under the highest peak, Tsing Yi Peak, on Tsing Yi Island. After confirmation by experts from the South China Institute of Botany, the Hong Kong Croton was re-discovered after a gap of over a century.

The woodland measuring 1.05 hectares (2.6 acres) is considered to be a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for the protection of the endemic Hong Kong croton.

Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (Chinese: 漁農自然護理署; formerly the Agriculture and Fisheries Department (漁農署) before 2000, of the Hong Kong Government is responsible for agriculture and fisheries in Hong Kong, conservation projects and issues, and managing the country parks and special areas.

It currently reports to the Environment and Ecology Bureau, though previously it was under the Secretary for Food and Health from 2007 to 2022, Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food and Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works, and before 2000, the Secretary for Economic Services. The department is also responsible for issuing special, transshipment and pet import permits for pet animals, plants to be transshipped through or imported into Hong Kong.
Wisecracks
Wisecracks is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Gail Singer and released in 1991. The film profiles a number of women who were active in comedy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including Joy Behar, Phyllis Diller, Ellen DeGeneres, Whoopi Goldberg, Geri Jewell, Paula Poundstone, Sandra Shamas and Jenny Jones.

The film premiered at the 1991 Festival of Festivals. Singer's comedy film True Confections was also screened at the same festival, making her the first filmmaker in the festival's history to have both a documentary and a narrative fiction film screened at the festival in the same year.

The film subsequently received a Genie Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992.

13th Genie Awards
The 13th annual Genie Awards were held on November 22, 1992, to honour Canadian films released in late 1991 and 1992. They were dominated by David Cronenberg's Naked Lunch, Jean-Claude Lauzon's Léolo, and Jean Beaudin's Being at Home with Claude.

The academy now recognized that its annual ceremony was not attracting audiences in Quebec. It worked with Radio-Canada to produce a French-language special, hosted by Quebec journalist René Homier-Roy, that aired immediately after the main broadcast and presented viewers with film clips and winner and nominee interviews.

The ceremony was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto. Actor John Candy was slated to host the event, but he pulled out in a dispute over advance advertising which he had not approved and which he perceived as making fun of his weight. Actor Leslie Nielsen stepped in as host and received a standing ovation.
Antonis Koniaris
Antonis Koniaris (alternate spelling: Antonios) (Greek: Αντώνης Κόνιαρης; born September 30, 1997) is a Greek professional basketball player for PAOK of the Greek Basketball League and the FIBA Europe Cup. He is a 1.93 m (6 ft 4 in) tall point guard.

2014–15 Greek Basketball Cup
The 2014–15 Greek Basketball Cup competition was the 40th edition of the top-tier level professional national domestic basketball cup competition of Greece. The competition started on September 21, 2014, and ended on April 5, 2015.

Panathinaikos beat Apollon Patras by a score of 53–68 in the Greek Cup Finals, to win its fourth straight cup title, and 16th cup title overall. Panathinaikos' Loukas Mavrokefalidis was named the Greek Basketball Cup Most Valuable Player.
1,4-Butane sultone
1,4-butane sultone is a six-membered δ-sultone and the cyclic ester of 4-hydroxybutanesulfonic acid. As a sulfo-alkylating agent, 1,4-butanesultone is used to introduce the sulfobutyl group (–(CH2)4–SO3−) into hydrophobic compounds possessing nucleophilic functional groups, for example hydroxy groups (as in the case of β-cyclodextrin) or amino groups (as in the case of polymethine dyes). In such, the sulfobutyl group is present as neutral sodium salt and considerably increases the water solubility of the derivatives.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Hanley (UK Parliament constituency)
Hanley was a borough constituency in Staffordshire which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1885 and 1950. Elections were held using the first past the post voting system.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Ignacio Martinez Suarez
José Ignacio Martínez (born 1963) is a photographer from Navia, Asturias, Spain who is specialized in architecture photography. Since he was a child Martínez was connected to photography through his contact with amateur and professional photographers, including his father, Jesús Martínez, a doctor, historian and photographer. (Gea, J.C., Donde habita la belleza, La Nueva España, 12 de julio de 2009, retrieved 19 December 2016). These experiences allowed him  to learn how to handle various manual cameras, like the mythical Nikon F, and learned the use and tricks of the dark room, the enlarger, the chemical used in processing and other methods used on that time.

Martínez studied in the Complutense University of Madrid where he earned a bachelor's degree in Communication Studies, with a major in Audiovisual Communication, in 1989.

From 1995 through 2005, Martínez lived in Lustenau, in the region of Vorarlberg, Austria where he developed his specialization on architecture.

La Nueva España
La Nueva España is a daily newspaper in Spain.  Published in Oviedo, it serves Asturias. The publisher of the paper is Editoral Prensa Asturiana. It is published in tabloid format. The paper has an independent political stance.

Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano, Queen of Spain, worked for La Nueva España when she was a university student.

La Nueva España publishes a list of the Asturian of the Month. The paper had nearly a circulation of 100,000 copies on weekends in 1998.
Song Jiayuan
Song Jiayuan (Chinese: 宋佳媛; born 15 September 1997) is a Chinese athlete specialising in the shot put who won bronze at the 2024 Paris Olympics. She represented her country at the 2019 World Championships in Doha without reaching the final. In 2016, she won a silver medal at the World U20 Championships in Bydgoszcz.

Her personal bests in the event are 18.32 metres outdoors (Chengdu 2019) and 18.23 metres indoors (Hangzhou 2019).

2016 IAAF World U20 Championships
The 2016 World U20 Championships in Athletics was an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 1997) which was held at Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland on 19–24 July 2016. It was the first time the competition had been held under the new name, having previously been known as World Junior Championships in Athletics.

The championships were originally awarded to Kazan, Russia before the hosting rights were withdrawn as a result of ARAF being suspended by the IAAF. Since then, three cities expressed an interest in hosting the championships; on 7 January 2016, the decision was made to reallocate the championships to Bydgoszcz as it was the only city to submit a bid.

The medal table was topped by the United States with 11 gold, 6 silver, and 4 bronze medals, followed by Kenya and Ethiopia.
Codasip
Codasip (abrev. CO-Design Application-Specific Instruction-set Processor) is a processor technology company enabling system-on-chip developers to differentiate their products. The company specializes in RISC-V processor technologies and offers Codasip Studio, a tool suite for processor design using the CodAL architecture description language.

The company's headquarters are in Munich, Germany. Codasip has claimed that there are more than 2 billion processor cores that have been produced using their technology.

Processor (computing)
In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. The term is frequently used to refer to the central processing unit (CPU), the main processor in a system. It can also refer to other specialized processors such as graphics processing units (GPU), quantum processing units (QPU), and digital signal processors (DSP). The design and development of a processor is intricate and time-consuming because it requires defining both its functional requirements (operations it must perform) and its non-functional requirements (the physical and performance constraints). It is typically built to operate on digital data, as an integrated circuit using semiconducting material, containing transistors organized into logic gates, further organized into sections such as IP blocks or cores, that can be connected together.
Froger
Froger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

René Froger (born 1960), Dutch singer

Thierry Froger (born 1963), French footballer and coach

Maarten Froger (born 1977), Dutch field-hockey player

Martine Froger (born 1961), French politician

Martine Froger
Martine Froger (French pronunciation: [maʁtin fʁɔʒe]; born 11 June 1961) is a French politician from the Socialist Party. In the 2023 by-election she was elected Member of Parliament for Ariège's 1st constituency with support of the federation of the Socialist Party of Ariège but without the nomination of the national leadership of her party which, supported outgoing La France Insoumise MP and candidate of the NUPES coalition Bénédicte Taurine.
Autochthon (geology)
An autochthon in structural geology is a large block or mass of rock which is in the place of its original formation relative to its basement or foundation rock. The word is derived from Greek: autos means self, and chthon means earth.

It can be described as rooted to its basement rock as opposed to an allochthonous block or nappe which has been relocated from its site of formation. Autochthonous sediment is sediment found at or very close to its site of deposition.

While an autochthon may have experienced some minor shifting, an allochthonous block will have moved at least a few kilometres. If an overlying allochthon has an opening or hole which exposes the underlying autochthonous material, the hole is called a window or fenster.

Basement (geology)
In geology, basement and crystalline basement are crystalline rocks lying above the mantle and beneath all other rocks and sediments. They are sometimes exposed at the surface, but often they are buried under miles of rock and sediment. The basement rocks lie below a sedimentary platform or cover, or more generally any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way, the sediments or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".

Basement rock consists of continental crustal rock which has been modified several times through tectonic events including deformation, metamorphism, deposition, partial melting and magmatism.
Rage Valley
Rage Valley is the second EP by the Australian electro house duo Knife Party. It was released 27 May 2012 on Beatport and on 3 June 2012 on iTunes. The title track was originally named "Fuck Em" but was changed for what Knife Party described as "secret shady" reasons. Originally Rage Valley was set to be released before the end of April, but due to multiple setbacks the release was delayed for four weeks. A music video for "Centipede" was released on 8 August 2012. An edited version of the track "Bonfire" was featured in the episode "Fifty-One" of Breaking Bad and the video game WWE 2K15, and "Centipede" was featured in the fourth episode of the BBC comedy series The Wrong Mans.

Fifty-One
"Fifty-One" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American television crime drama series Breaking Bad, and the 50th overall episode of the series. Written by Sam Catlin and directed by Rian Johnson, it originally aired on AMC in the United States on August 5, 2012.
Anoli Perera
Anoli Perera, born in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1962, is a contemporary visual artist. She incorporates in her work the concept of “bricolage” in which fragments from different written texts, raw materials, objects and painted surfaces are combined to create a textured surface. She is among the 1990s generation of artists who have assumed a new ideological position with reference to the production of contemporary art questioning the social aspects in Sri Lanka in general and art as a medium to question the traditional notions of femininity . She is also the co–founder and one of the directors of the Theertha International Artists Collective, a progressive art initiative based in Colombo. She currently lives and works in Colombo, Sir Lanka and functions as a director of the Millenium Art Contemporary (MiAC), a non-profit company established by another Sri Lankan contemporary artist, Pala Pothupitiya.

Bricolage
In the arts, bricolage (French for "DIY" or "do-it-yourself projects"; French pronunciation: [bʁikɔlaʒ]) is the construction or creation of a work from a diverse range of things that happen to be available, or a work constructed using mixed media.

The term bricolage has also been used in many other fields, including anthropology, philosophy, critical theory, education, computer software, public health, and business.
Boaz and Ruth (paintings)
Boaz and Ruth are a pair of paintings by Rembrandt dated to 1643 and thought to represent the painter and his wife as the biblical characters Boaz and Ruth.

Ruth is in the possession of the Berlin Gemäldegalerie. Boaz, however, is in the collection at Woburn Abbey where it was hung high on a wall and only identified as a Rembrandt in 2012.

Boaz
Boaz (/ˈboʊæz/; Hebrew: בֹּעַז Bōʿaz; Hebrew pronunciation: [ˈboʕaz]) is a biblical figure appearing in the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible and in the genealogies of Jesus in the New Testament and also the name of a pillar in the portico of the historic Temple in Jerusalem. The word is found 24 times in the Scriptures, two being in Greek (in the form "Βοόζ (Booz)").

The root בעז, just used in the Bible in relation to "Boaz" (see The Temple), perhaps expresses 'quick(ness)'. The etymology of the name has been suggested by many as be'oz, "in the strength of", or bo'oz, "in him (is) strength" from the root 'zz, "to be strong", hence the use of the name "Boaz" for one of the pillars at the portico of the temple (1 Kings 7:21), although Biblical scholar Martin Noth preferred "of sharp mind".
Tunable laser
A tunable laser is a laser whose wavelength of operation can be altered in a controlled manner. While all laser gain media allow small shifts in output wavelength, only some types of lasers allow continuous tuning over a significant wavelength range.

There are many types and categories of tunable lasers. They exist in the gas, liquid, and solid states. Among the types of tunable lasers are excimer lasers, gas lasers (such as CO2 and helium–neon laser lasers), dye lasers (liquid and solid state), transition-metal solid-state lasers, semiconductor crystal and diode lasers, and free-electron lasers. Tunable lasers find applications in spectroscopy, photochemistry, atomic vapor laser isotope separation, and optical communications.

Helium–neon laser
A helium–neon laser or He–Ne laser is a type of gas laser whose high energetic gain medium consists of a mixture of helium and neon (ratio between 5:1 and 10:1) at a total pressure of approximately 1 Torr (133.322 Pa) inside a small electrical discharge. The best-known and most widely used He-Ne laser operates at a center wavelength of 632.81646 nm (in air), 632.99138 nm (vac), and frequency 473.6122 THz, in the red part of the visible spectrum. Because of the mode structure of the laser cavity, the instantaneous output of a laser can be shifted by up to 500 MHz in either direction from the center.
Slipping Through My Fingers
"Slipping Through My Fingers" is a song written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA, with lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog. It was released on their November 1981 album The Visitors. The song is about a mother's regret at how quickly her daughter is growing up, and the lack of time they have spent together, as the girl goes to school. The inspiration for the song was Ulvaeus' and Fältskog's daughter, Linda Ulvaeus, who was seven at the time the song was written.

The song was first released in Japan, where it appeared on promotional records by The Coca-Cola Company. The 7" vinyl, released in June 1981, was a single-sided picture disc. The sleeve features a drawing of the group. There was also a picture disc ABBA compilation LP, also titled "Slipping Through My Fingers" and using the same cover art.

Björn Ulvaeus
Björn Kristian Ulvaeus (Swedish: [ˈbjœːɳ ɵlˈvěːɵs] ⓘ; born 25 April 1945) is a Swedish musician, singer, songwriter, and producer best known as a member of the musical group ABBA. He is also the co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia!  He co-produced the films Mamma Mia! and Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again with fellow ABBA member and close friend Benny Andersson. He is the oldest member of the group.
Cecilia Hjortsberg
Cecilia Hjortsberg is a Swedish opera singer (soprano), born 1977

She has been employed at The Royal Theatre, Copenhagen since 2005. Previous employment was at Malmö Opera and Music Theatre, where she has contributed in Miss Saigon, Otello, Turandot, La Bohème and Faust and played Donna Anna in Don Giovanni by Skånska Operan, 2005.

Turandot
Turandot (Italian pronunciation: [turanˈdo] or, prescribed, [turanˈdɔt] ⓘ; see below) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. Puccini died in 1924, and his opera was left unfinished. The music was completed by Franco Alfano  and premiered on 25 April 1926, almost a year and a half after Puccini's death.
The opera is set in China and follows the Prince Calaf, who falls in love with the cold-hearted Princess Turandot. In order to win her hand in marriage, a suitor must solve three riddles, with a wrong answer resulting in his execution. Calaf passes the test, but Turandot refuses to marry him. He offers her a way out: if she is able to guess his name before dawn the next day, he will accept death.