hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serpiginous choroiditis
Serpiginous choroiditis, also known as geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (GHPC), is a rare, chronic, progressive, and recurrent bilateral inflammatory disease involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the choriocapillaries, and the choroid. It affects adult men and women equally in the second to seventh decades of life.

Choroid
The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye. It contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera.  The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina.  Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.

The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):

Haller's layer – outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;

Sattler's layer – layer of medium diameter blood vessels;

Choriocapillaris – layer of capillaries; and

Bruch's membrane (synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) – innermost layer of the choroid.
Frederick Douglass (Ulysses Kay opera)
Frederick Douglass is an opera in three acts composed by Ulysses Kay to a libretto by Donald Dorr. Its story is a semi-fictionalized account of the final years in the life of Frederick Douglass after his marriage to his second wife, Helen Pitts Douglass. The opera premiered on April 12, 1991, at Newark Symphony Hall performed by the New Jersey State Opera in a production conducted by Alfredo Silipigni, directed by Louis Johnson and designed by Salvatore Tagliarino.

Helen Pitts Douglass
Helen Pitts Douglass (1838–1903) was an American suffragist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association, which became the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site.
Soulman Alex G
Alex Gibson (April 21, 1970) is an American professional wrestler better known as "Soulman" Alex G. He is one of the two trainers who trained former WWE United States champion Montel Vontavious Porter and former NXT Tag Team champion Konnor.

World Wrestling Council
The World Wrestling Council (WWC; Spanish: "Consejo Mundial de Lucha") is a professional wrestling promotion based in Puerto Rico. It was originally established as Capitol Sports Promotions in 1973 by Carlos Colón, Victor Jovica, and Gorilla Monsoon. By the mid-1990s, the promotion had changed its name to the World Wrestling Council. It was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance until 1988. WWC is among the oldest professional wrestling promotions in the world and one of only eight in the entire world to reach its 50th anniversary in continuous operation.
George Noga
George Stephen Noga (November 5, 1927 - February 5, 1998) was an American retired infielder, manager and scout in professional baseball. A native of New York, New York, Noga spent the latter portion of his playing days and all of his managing career in the farm system of the Chicago White Sox. He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall and weighed 175 lb (79 kg).

Noga's best season, 1954, was divided between the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the Class A Western League and the Memphis Chicks of the Double-A Southern Association. He hit .278 with 12 home runs and 62 runs batted in. He managed for 12 years (1956–67) in the ChiSox organization, winning the 1964 Southern League championship as skipper of the Lynchburg White Sox.

After 1967, he scouted for the White Sox, Kansas City Royals and Los Angeles Dodgers, among other organizations.

Colorado Springs Sky Sox
The Colorado Springs Sky Sox were a Minor League Baseball team in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The team played in the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and was the Triple-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers (2015–2018), Colorado Rockies (1993–2014), and Cleveland Indians (1988–1992). The Sky Sox won the PCL title in 1992 and 1995.
Beeyong Sison
Virgilio "Beeyong" Sison (born 20 February 1957) is a Filipino tennis coach and former professional player. Following his playing career he coached in Switzerland for many years and set up a tennis school.

Sison played collegiate tennis in the United States, for both Odessa College and Oklahoma City University during the late 1970s. He was a U.S. Public Parks champion in singles.

A Filipino Davis Cup representative in 1983 and 1984, Sison was his nation's first player in the open era to feature in all four Grand Slam main draws. He made the men's doubles quarter-finals of the 1981 French Open with Markus Günthardt and was ranked in the world's top 200 for doubles.

Oklahoma City University
Oklahoma City University (OCU) is a private university historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church and located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.

The university offers undergraduate bachelor's degrees, graduate master's degrees and doctoral degrees, and is organized into eight colleges and schools and one Methodist seminary. More than 70 undergraduate majors are offered, as well as 20 graduate degrees, including a JD, MBA, and PhD in Nursing. An Adult Studies Program for working adults offers a Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts degree. The university has approximately 3,000 students, including 1,200 graduate students. The official school and athletic colors are blue and white.
JA (TV series)
JA. is a Danish television show that broadcast on TV 2. The pilot was broadcast on 23 September 2009. It is a humorous show in which the four panelists compete against each other to demonstrate ways in which ideas suggested by a studio audience could be implemented to make the world a better place. An example from the pilot is a bucket with holes in. At the end of each panelists presentation the studio audience vote Yes (or Ja) if they like the idea. The pilot edition was won by Danish comedian Alex Pedersen after he got four Ja's from his five presentations.

TV 2 (Danish TV channel)
TV 2 is a Danish government-owned broadcast and subscription television station, based in Odense, Funen. The station was founded in 1986, and made its first official broadcast in 1988. It makes daily broadcasts of regional and national news, as well as its morning talk show, Go'morgen Danmark.
International Mobile Gaming Awards
The International Mobile Gaming Awards ("IMGA") is an annual competition and awards ceremony that honors outstanding games made for mobile devices. It is the longest standing international competition for mobile games. Notable IMGA winners include Candy Crush Saga and Monument Valley.

The best mobile games submissions are awarded at the prize-giving IMGA ceremony, which takes place in various cities across the United States and Asia. IMGA was founded by Maarten Noyons in 2004 and is headquartered in Marseilles, France.

Game Developers Conference
The Game Developers Conference (GDC) is an annual conference for video game developers. The event includes an expo, networking events, and awards shows like the Game Developers Choice Awards and Independent Games Festival, and a variety of tutorials, lectures, and roundtables by industry professionals on game-related topics covering programming, design, audio, production, business and management, and visual arts.

In October 2025, it was announced that the event will be rebranded to GDC Festival of Gaming beginning the following year.
Stary Wołów
Stary Wołów [ˈstarɨ ˈvɔwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wołów, within Wołów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The earliest mention concerning the village dates from 13th century.

Wołów County
Wołów County (/ˈvoʊwʊf/, Polish: powiat wołowski [ˈpɔvjat vɔˈwɔfskʲi]) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 675 square kilometres (261 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the town of Wołów, although the county also contains the slightly larger town of Brzeg Dolny.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 46,914, out of which the population of Wołów is 12,373, the population of Brzeg Dolny is 12,511, and the rural population is 22,030.
Monteverdi (horse)
Monteverdi (foaled 10 April 1977) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. He was the leading European two-year-old of 1979, when he was unbeaten in four races including the National Stakes, Ashford Castle Stakes and Dewhurst Stakes. His three-year-old season was a disappointment as he failed to win in four races, finishing second in his first two races and then running unplaced in the Irish 2000 Guineas and Derby. He was then retired to stud where he had little success as a sire of winners.

Dewhurst Stakes
The Dewhurst Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

It is Britain's most prestigious race for juvenile horses. The leading participants usually become major contenders for the following season's Classics.
Yeah Yeah (Willy Moon song)
"Yeah Yeah" is a song by New Zealand-born musician, singer and producer Willy Moon, initially released on 5 May 2012. The song peaked at number 26 on the UK Singles Chart and number 18 on the US Billboard Rock Chart.

The song samples Wu-Tang Clan's 1993 song "Wu-Tang Clan Ain't Nuthing ta Fuck Wit" from the rap group's debut album, Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers).

The song was re-released on 10 September 2012 due to its use in Apple Inc's 2012 iPod lineup TV advertisement, including the 5th-Generation Touch, 7th-Generation Nano, and 4th-Generation Shuffle. It was also featured in the official soundtrack of the 2012 Xbox 360 game Forza Horizon, the trailer for the 2013 comedy film Last Vegas  as well as in a 2016 Southwest Airlines commercial.

IPod Shuffle
The iPod Shuffle (stylized and marketed as iPod shuffle) is a discontinued digital audio player designed and formerly marketed by Apple. It was the smallest model in Apple's iPod family, and was the first iPod to use flash memory. The first model was announced at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 11, 2005; the fourth- and final-generation models were introduced on September 1, 2010. The iPod Shuffle was discontinued by Apple on July 27, 2017.
Whip zoom
A whip zoom (also referred to as a snap zoom or crash zoom) is a type of camera shot in which the camera zooms in or out quickly, allowing the viewer to focus on the subject. Another use of the whip zoom is to enable the shot to be edited as a cut from a long shot to a close up, or vice versa.

This technique is used by several directors such as Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, Kevin Smith and Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Examples can be seen in 1970s kung fu film and in the movies Kill Bill: Volume 2, Goodfellas, Tusk, Kundo: Age of the Rampant, Man of Steel and Eight Hours Don't Make a Day. Horror genre examples can be found in The Shining and The Exorcist III.

Eight Hours Don't Make a Day
Eight Hours Don't Make a Day  (German: Acht Stunden sind kein Tag)  (also translated as  (Eight Hours Are Not a Day) is a West German television miniseries written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Commissioned by Westdeutscher Rundfunk, it was broadcast in five episodes between 1972 and 1973. The story follows a group of working-class people in Cologne, West Germany.
Gregory Wannier
Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911–1983) was a Swiss physicist. He developed a complete set of orthogonal functions known as the Wannier functions which became tools of the trade for solid-state theorists. He also had made contributions to ferromagnetic theory via the Ising model. The Kramers–Wannier duality yields the exact location of the critical point for the Ising model on the square lattice.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Forsyth Bridge
The Forsyth Bridge across the Yellowstone River in Forsyth, Montana is a Pennsylvania truss bridge which was built in 1905.  It has also been known as Yellowstone River Bridge.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The bridge is important historically as the first bridge linking what is now the northern section of Rosebud County to its southern section;  the nearest Yellowston River bridge crossing was in Miles City, about 45 miles (72 km) downstream.   The need for the bridge was deeply felt locally and was a major factor in the area's initiative to create the county, splitting the area off of Custer County so that this bridge would be built.

When listed, only one of the bridge's three spans survived.  The span is a pin-connected Pennsylvania through truss about 200 feet (61 m) long and about 16 feet (4.9 m) wide.

Forsyth, Montana
Forsyth is a city in and the county seat of Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,647 at the 2020 census.  Forsyth was established in 1876 as the first settlement on the Yellowstone River, and in 1882 residents named the town after General James William Forsyth who commanded Fort Maginnis, Montana during the Indian Wars and the 7th Cavalry at the Wounded Knee Massacre. The town has long been a transportation nexus, starting with steamboats on the river and progressing to the Northern Pacific Railway and Interstate 94.
Isenburg Castle
Isenburg Castle is a Renaissance-style castle in Offenbach am Main. It was built in the 16th century by the House of Isenburg. Art historians consider Isenburg Castle to be an important Renaissance building north of the alps. This is evident in the differently designed facades on the north and south sides of the castle. The south side facing the city features a relaxed Renaissance facade with arcades between two stair towers, while the north side facing the Main River has a fortified facade made from parts of the older structure. The castle was originally planned as a four-winged castle. However, this construction project was never carried out.

County of Isenburg
The County of Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau (located in the Rhineland-Palatinate), which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern. These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years.18700
Kelly homestead
The Kelly homestead is the ruins of a house in the townland of Drumilra (sometimes misspelled Drimurla) near the town of Newport, County Mayo. The cottage has three rooms and overlooks the Leg of Mutton Lake. It is situated on a boreen off the R311 road from Newport to Castlebar.

Boreen
A boreen or bohereen (/bɔːˈriːn/ bor-EEN; Irish: bóithrín [ˈbˠoː(h)ɾʲiːnʲ, bˠoː(h)ˈɾʲiːnʲ], meaning 'a little road') is a country lane, or narrow, frequently unpaved, rural road in Ireland.

"Boreen" also appears sometimes in names of minor urban roads such as Saint Mobhi Bóithrín (Irish: Bóithrín Mobhí), commonly known as Mobhi Boreen in Glasnevin, Dublin. To be considered a boreen the road or path should not be wide enough for two cars to pass and have grass growing in the middle.

Boreens may be private rights of way that are not open for public use.

In parts of Ulster, a boreen is often called a loanin, an Ulster Scots word.
Alangören, Baskil
Alangören (Kurdish: Lotan) is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Herdî tribe and had a population of 232 in 2021.

The hamlet of Gözüce is attached to the village.

Elazığ Province
Elazığ Province (Turkish: Elazığ ili; Zazaki: Suke Xarpêt; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Xarpêtê) is a province of Turkey with its seat in the city of Elazığ. Its area is 9,383 km2, and its population is 591,497 (2022). The population of the province was 569,616 in 2000 and 498,225 in 1990. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.
Halward
Halward is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doug Halward (born 1955), Canadian ice hockey player

Leslie Halward (1905–1976), British writer of short stories and plays

Victor Halward (1897–1953), English Anglican bishop and Scouting leader in Hong Kong and China

Victor Halward
Nelson Victor Halward MC (Chinese: 侯利華, called Victor; 12 December 1897 – 17 December 1953) was an English Anglican bishop in Hong Kong and British Columbia. He was the Colony Commissioner of the Boy Scout Association, Hong Kong Branch from 1934 to 1950.
Erivan province (Safavid Iran)
The Erivan province (Persian: ولایت ایروان, romanized: Velāyat-e Iravān), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd (چخور سعد), was a province of Safavid Iran, centered on the territory of the present-day Armenia. Erivan (Yerevan) was the provincial capital and the seat of the Safavid governors.

At the end of the Safavid period, it had the following administrative jurisdictions; Bayazid, Maghazberd (now near Üçbölük village of Arpaçay district), Maku, Nakhchivan, Sadarak, Shadidlu, Zaruzbil, and the tribal district of the Donbolis.

The provinces of Erivan and Karabakh were the two administrative territories that made up Iranian Armenia.

Arpaçay
Arpaçay (Armenian: Զարիշատ, romanized: Zarishat) is a town in Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Arpaçay District. It has a population of 2,344 (2022). The mayor is Erçetin Altay (AKP). The town is populated by Karapapakhs.
Em Weinstein
Em (or Emil) Weinstein is an American television writer and director who also works in film and theater. They directed episodes of The L Word: Generation Q, and A League of Their Own. Weinstein has made several short films which have shown at festivals, and on Showtime's Spotlights series. Their work focuses on queer themes and stories.

Weinstein has degrees from Smith College and Yale School of Drama. As a student at Yale School of Drama, they directed the first workshop production of Slave Play by Jeremy O. Harris.

Weinstein's 2018 short, "Candace", won the Best Film at the American Pavilion at the Cannes Film Festival. Another Weinstein's short, "In France, Michelle is a Man's Name", won the Grand Jury Prize at Outfest. "In France..." also won the Grand Jury Prize for Best Narrative Short at Slamdance, 2021, and was nominated for a NewFilmmakers Los Angeles award in 2022. The film was awarded Best US Short at The San Diego International Film Festival.

David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University
The David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University is a graduate professional school of Yale University, located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1924 as the Department of Drama in the School of Fine Arts, the school provides training in every discipline of the theatre – acting, design (set design, costume design, lighting design, projection design, and sound design), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, playwriting, stage management, technical design and production, and theatre management. It was known as the Yale School of Drama until a $150 million gift by David Geffen in 2021.

The school operates in partnership with the Yale Repertory Theatre, also located in New Haven.
Biological recording
Biological recording is the scientific study of the distribution of living organisms, biological records describe the presence, abundance, associations and changes, both in time and space, of wildlife. There has been a long tradition of biological recording in the United Kingdom dating back to John Ray (1627–1705), Robert Plot (1640–1696) and their contemporaries.

Robert Plot
Robert Plot (13 December 1640 – 30 April 1696) was an English naturalist and antiquarian who was the first professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford and the first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum.
Zelenogradsky (urban-type settlement)
Zelenogradsky (Russian: Зеленоградский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pushkinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,548 (2010 Census); 2,173 (2002 Census); 2,687 (1989 Soviet census).

Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast
Pushkinsky District (Russian: Пу́шкинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 571.47 square kilometers (220.65 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Pushkino. Population: 177,510 (2010 Census);  163,439 (2002 Census); 123,630 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pushkino accounts for 58.0% of the district's total population.
1936 Tripoli Grand Prix
The 1936 Tripoli Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held on 10 May 1936. This race was part of the 1936 Grand Prix Season as a non-championship race. The race was won by Achille Varzi in an Auto Union Type C.

Tazio Nuvolari was originally unable to participate in the race after crashing in practice, but he raced anyway. His car blew a tire and crashed into a column trackside. Nuvolari was ejected from the car and suffered injuries.

Achille Varzi
Achille Varzi (8 August 1904 – 1 July 1948) was an Italian racing driver. He is remembered as the winner of the 1933 Monaco Grand Prix, as well as the winner of the first Formula One Grand Prix at the 1946 Turin Grand Prix, and as the chief rival of Tazio Nuvolari.
CG-1
CG-1 (Carretera General 1) is a road of the Andorra Road Network that connects the capital, Andorra la Vella with La Seu d'Urgell to Alt Urgell. The workers of FHASA contributed to its construction. It is also called Carretera d'Espanya.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital and largest city of Andorra. It is located high in the east Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is also the name of the Andorran parish that surrounds the capital.

As of 2023, the city had a population of 24,042, and the urban area, which includes Escaldes–Engordany plus satellite villages, has over 40,000 inhabitants.

The principal industry is tourism, and the country also earns foreign income from being a tax haven. It is at an elevation of 1,023 m (3,356 ft), and is the highest capital city in Europe. The city shares a border with Spain.