hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander V. Karzanov
Alexander Viktorovich Karzanov (Russian: Александр Викторович Карзанов, born 1947) is a Russian mathematician known for his work in combinatorial optimization. He is the inventor of preflow-push based algorithms for the maximum flow problem, and the co-inventor of the Hopcroft–Karp–Karzanov algorithm for maximum matching in bipartite graphs. He is a chief researcher at the Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" (Institute for System Analysis) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Karzanov was educated at Moscow State University, completing his doctorate there in 1971. With Georgy Adelson-Velsky and Yefim Dinitz
he is the co-author of the book Потоковые алгоритмы [Flow algorithms] (Moscow: Nauka, 1975). He was an invited speaker at the 1990 International Congress of Mathematicians.

Maximum-cardinality matching
Maximum-cardinality matching is a fundamental problem in computational graph theory.
We are given a graph G, and the goal is to find a matching containing as many edges as possible; that is, a maximum cardinality subset of the edges such that each vertex is adjacent to at most one edge of the subset. As each edge will cover exactly two vertices, this problem is equivalent to the task of finding a matching that covers as many vertices as possible.

An important special case of the maximum-cardinality matching problem is when G is a bipartite graph, whose vertices V are partitioned between left vertices in X and right vertices in Y, and edges in E always connect a left vertex to a right vertex. In this case, the problem can be efficiently solved with simpler algorithms than in the general case.

There are nonconstructive characterization theorems for the size of a maximum matching.  This article is about computation of maximum matchings.
Universal Studios South Korea
Universal Studios South Korea (USSK; 유니버설 스튜디오 코리아) was a proposed Universal Studios theme park in the vicinity of Hwaseong, South Korea. Originally scheduled to open in 2020, a bid for the project was won by a Universal Studios Korea consortium in December 2015, led by China's largest state-run builder, China State Construction Engineering Corporation, and its largest state-run tourist agency, China Travel Services. K-Water, the owner of the project site, oversaw bidding. The consortium also includes the Korean construction firm Daewoo E&C and Korean engineering consulting firm Dohwa Engineering as well as Universal Studios Korea Property Holdings.

Dohwa
DOHWA Engineering Company Limited is a privately owned engineering, construction company in South Korea. DOHWA is one of the largest engineering design firms in South Korea. Founded in 1957, the firm has completed more than 6,900 projects domestic and worldwide. The company maintains offices in over 15 countries. DOHWA has raised 277 million USD revenue in 2010, which is the first among civil engineering design firms in South Korea. And Dohwa Engineering has been ranked 106th in The Top 150 Global Design Firms List published from Engineering News-Record 2011.

DOHWA Engineering Co., Ltd., is publicly listed and traded on the Korean Stock Exchange under the commodities code : 002150
Halil Bey Mosque
The Halil Bey Mosque (Greek: Τζαμί Χαλίλ Μπέη, from Turkish: Halil Bey Camii) is a former mosque in the town of Kavala, in the Eastern Macedonia and Thrace region of Greece. Built in the 1530s during the Ottoman era, the mosque was abandoned in the 1820s and is now a museum open to visitors.

Kavala
Kavala (Greek: Καβάλα, Kavála [kaˈvala]) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit.

It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos and on the A2 motorway, a one-and-a-half-hour drive to Thessaloniki (160 kilometres (99 miles) west) and a forty-minute drive to Drama (37 km (23 miles) north) and Xanthi (56 km (35 miles) east). It is also about 150 kilometers west of Alexandroupoli.

Kavala is an important economic centre of Northern Greece, a center of commerce, tourism, fishing and oil-related activities and formerly a thriving trade in tobacco.
Matthieu Borsboom
Vice admiral Matthieu Borsboom (born 1959) is a retired Royal Netherlands Navy officer who served as the 3rd Commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy and Admiral Benelux, and has served with the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.

Admiral Benelux
The Admiral Benelux (ABNL) is the commanding officer of the combined military staff of the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Belgian Navy.

The position of ABNL was created together with the combination of the Staffs of the two contributing navies on March 28, 1995, in the BeNeSam Accord. The ABNL is responsible for the combined operations of the Dutch and Belgian navies and can be tasked with the responsibility for the operational readiness and deployment of the combined fleets in joint operations, both in war- and peacetime operations. Most of all the ABNL is responsible for the efficient use of joint material and personnel and oversees the joint training programs of the two navies.

The current ABNL is Vice Admiral Harold Liebregs who is also serving as the Commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
Rickman
Rickman is both a surname and a given name. As a surname, one origin is as the English version of the German surname Ryckman.

Notable people with the name include:

People with the surname Rickman:

Alan Rickman (1946–2016), English film, television and stage actor

John Rickman (parliamentary official) (1771–1840), English statistician and government official

John Rickman (psychoanalyst) (1891–1951), English psychoanalyst

Jolie Christine Rickman (1970–2005), American feminist, humanitarian, and social activist

Phil Rickman (1950–2024), British author

Thomas 'Clio' Rickman (1760–1834), English writer and bookseller

Thomas Rickman (1776–1841), English architect

Thomas Rickman (writer), American screenwriter (also goes as Tom Rickman)

William Rickman (1731–1783), political leader of the American Revolution

People with the given name Rickman:

Sir Rickman Godlee, 1st Baronet (1849–1925), English surgeon

Rickman Godlee
Sir Rickman John Godlee, 1st Baronet KCVO (15 February 1849 – 18 April 1925) was an English surgeon. In 1884 he became one of the first doctors to surgically remove a brain tumor, founding modern brain surgery.
Pango
Pango (stylized as Παν語) is a text (i.e. glyph) layout engine library which works with the HarfBuzz shaping engine for displaying multi-language text.

Full-function rendering of text and cross-platform support is achieved when Pango is used with platform APIs or third-party libraries, such as Uniscribe and FreeType, as text rendering backends. Pango-processed text will appear similar under different operating systems.

Pango is a special-purpose library for text and not a general-purpose graphics rendering library such as Cairo, with which Pango can be used. The Cairo documentation recommends Pango be used to "render" text rather than Cairo for all but the simplest text "rendering".

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
St. Paul (Manitoba electoral district)
St. Paul is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada. It was created by electoral redistribution in 2008 mostly out of the old Springfield riding.

Communities in the riding include the Rural Municipality of East St. Paul, West St. Paul, Oakbank, and Dugald. The 2006 census population was 19,995.

Rural Municipality of West St. Paul
West St. Paul is a rural municipality (RM) in Manitoba, Canada. It lies adjacent to the north side of Winnipeg, and directly west of the Red River. It is part of the Winnipeg Metro Region, and had a population of 5,368 at the 2016 census.

It contains two communities, Middlechurch and Rivercrest. Middlechurch is the larger of the two communities and includes the municipal hall, cemetery, curling club, fire station, St. Paul's church, the Middlechurch Home of Winnipeg (established by the Christian Women's Union of Winnipeg), and Grassmere Creek all lie at the southern portion of the municipality.

The community of Rivercrest lies to the north and contains the West St. Paul School and Royal Manitoba Yacht Club.
LunIR
LunIR (Lunar InfraRed Imaging, formerly known as SkyFire) is a nanosatellite spacecraft launched to the Moon collecting surface spectroscopy and thermography. It was launched as a secondary payload on the Artemis 1 mission on 16 November 2022.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Waddinxveen railway station
Waddinxveen is a railway station in Waddinxveen, Netherlands. The station opened on 7 October 1934 and is on the Gouda–Alphen aan den Rijn railway. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Sue Desmond-Hellmann
Sue Desmond-Hellmann (born 1958) is an American oncologist and biotechnology leader who was the chief executive officer of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation from 2014 to 2020. In March 2024, she was elected as a board member of OpenAI. She was previously Chancellor of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), the first woman to hold the position, and Arthur and Toni Rembe Rock Distinguished Professor, and before that president of product development at Genentech, where she played a role in the development of the first gene-targeted cancer drugs, Avastin and Herceptin.

Genentech
Genentech, Inc. is an American biotechnology corporation headquartered in South San Francisco, California. It operates as an independent subsidiary of holding company Roche. Genentech Research and Early Development operates as an independent center within Roche. Historically, the company is regarded as the world's first biotechnology company.

As of July 2021, Genentech employed 13,539 people.
Guiglia
Guiglia (Frignanese: Guîa or Guéa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Modena.

Guiglia borders the following municipalities: Valsamoggia, Marano sul Panaro, Pavullo nel Frignano, Savignano sul Panaro, Zocca.

Among its churches is San Geminiano, Guiglia and San Giovanni Battista, Pieve di Trebbio.

Valsamoggia
Valsamoggia (Bolognese: Valsamûz) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It was created on 1 January 2014 after the merger of the former communes of Bazzano (the current town hall seat), Castello di Serravalle, Crespellano, Monteveglio and Savigno.

The Italian painters, Alessandro Scorzoni and Antonino Sartini, were born in this municipality.

The frazione of Zappolino in the Middle Ages was the location of a battle between the communes of Modena and Bologna.
Cyprian and Justina
Saints Cyprian and Justina (Greek: Κυπριανός & Ίουστίνη) are honored in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy as Christians of Antioch, who in 304, during the Diocletianic Persecution, suffered martyrdom at Nicomedia (modern-day İzmit, Turkey) on September 26. According to Roman Catholic sources, no Bishop of Antioch bore the name of Cyprian.

The historian of religion Gilles Quispel has argued that the story of Cyprian is a prototype of the Faust story.

Nicomedia
Nicomedia (/ˌnɪkəˈmiːdiə/; Greek: Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. In 286 AD, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by the emperor Diocletian who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293–324 AD).

The Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324 AD, when the western Roman emperor Constantine the Great defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 AD, Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.

The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419 AD.
Mark Proulx
Mark Proulx is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Hillsborough 15th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

Proulx served on the Nashua Fire Department for thirty years and retired as a lieutenant. He also worked as a private EMT for twenty-five years. Proulx is the Deputy Chief of the Epping Fire Department.

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Hillsborough County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 422,937, almost one-third the population of the entire state. Its county seats are Manchester and Nashua, the state's two biggest cities. Hillsborough is northern New England's most populous county as well as its most densely populated.

Hillsborough County comprises the Manchester-Nashua, NH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn constitutes a portion of the Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area.
Annette Kuhn
Annette Frieda Kuhn, FBA is a British author, cultural historian, educator, researcher, editor and feminist. She is known for her work in screen studies, visual culture, film history and cultural memory. She is Professor and Research Fellow in Film Studies at Queen Mary University of London.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
Jamie Cameron
James Buchan Cameron (born 23 March 1970) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

Cameron was born in Stratford and educated at Forest View High School, Tokoroa.

A first five-eighth, Cameron was a NZ Secondary Schools representative and started his provincial career at North Harbour in 1990, before moving on to Taranaki after two seasons. He accumulated 233 points in 1995 to set a Taranaki season record, with 34 points coming in a single match against Nelson Bays (another Taranaki record), then in 1996 featured in their Ranfurly Shield win. A foundation player for the Hurricanes, Cameron kicked seven penalties and a conversion in their opening match against the Auckland Blues. He spent a season in England in 1997/98 playing with London Scottish.

London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.
HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship
The HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship was an LPGA Tour golf tournament that was played from 2005 through 2007. It was first played from June 30 to July 3, 2005 at Hamilton Farm Golf Club in Gladstone, New Jersey. In 2007, the event moved to the Wykagyl Country Club in New Rochelle, New York.

In 2008, HSBC discontinued the event and began sponsoring a new event in Singapore: the HSBC Women's Champions, a stroke play event.

The title sponsor, HSBC, is a large banking group based in London, England.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
Stade Municipal de Bohicon
Stade Municipal de Bohicon is a multi-use stadium in Bohicon, Benin.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Tonnerre d'Abomey FC of the Benin Premier League.  The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 spectators.

Benin Premier League
The Benin Premier League, also called Championnat National du Bénin in French, is the highest football division in Benin. The league was held in 1969 for the first time. Currently, the initial round is a double round-robin tournament, with 36 clubs being divided in 4 groups, and 9 clubs in each. The last 5 teams of each group, goes to the relegation round, which consists on 2 groups of 10 teams. The first 4 teams of each group goes to the final stage with 16 clubs playing a single round-robin tournament. The winner of this round (and of the Premier League) earns a place in the CAF Champions League.
Vadem
Vadem Inc., later Vadem Limited, was an original design manufacturer, chipset designer, and computer design firm active from 1983 to 2013. The company chiefly focused on the design of mobile computers such as laptops, rendering their services to companies such as IBM, Zenith Data Systems, Osborne Computer Corporation, and Sharp Corporation, among others. In the late 1990s, the company released their own branded product, the Vadem Clio, a PDA.

Original design manufacturer
An original design manufacturer (ODM) is a company that designs and manufactures a product for another company; this is in contrast to an original equipment manufacturer (which manufactures a product to the specifications of another manufacturer) or an original brand manufacturer (which designs and manufactures its own products). Some ODMs begin as OEMs and eventually become OBMs. Some manufacturers may fit multiple categories, with a portion of revenue attributable to each kind of work.
Prince Alfred's Pass
Prince Alfred's Pass is reputed to be South Africa’s longest publicly accessible mountain pass (68Km).  The pass is named after Queen Victoria’s fourth child, Prince Alfred, who was the first member of the British Royal family to visit South Africa in 1860. The pass connected the Klein Karoo interior and towns like  Uniondale and the extended valley of Langkloof, with the coastal town of Knysna. The pass was constructed by Bain and 270 convict labourer’s between 1861 and 1867. This spectacular road  is considered one of Thomas Bain’s greatest engineering achievements and can be found on route R399.

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900) was sovereign Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 22 August 1893 until his death in 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was known as the Duke of Edinburgh from 1866 until he succeeded his paternal uncle Ernest II as the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the German Empire.
Climbing salamander
Climbing salamanders is the common name for plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Aneides. It contains 10 species native to North America, distributed between the Pacific Coast (7 species), Sacramento Mountains (1 species), and Appalachian Mountains (2 species). As their common name suggests, most of these species have prehensile tails and are quite mobile in trees.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Susan Enan
Susan Enan is an English singer and songwriter.

Susan Enan is known for writing and performing the 2009 song "Bring on the Wonder" which was featured in the television show Bones. The song featured Sarah McLachlan on backing vocals, and was subsequently featured on both Enan's (Plainsong) and McLachlan's (Laws of Illusion) albums.

Enan's debut album, Plainsong, was released independently in 2009. Paste Magazine included the album on its list of "Eight Criminally Underrated Albums From 2009", while Amie Street named it one of the top 50 albums of the year.

Amie Street
Amie Street was an indie online music store and social network service created in 2006 by Brown University seniors Elliott Breece, Elias Roman, and Joshua Boltuch, in Providence, Rhode Island. The site was notable for its demand-based pricing. The company was later moved to Long Island City in Queens, New York. In late 2010, the site was sold to Amazon who redirected customers to their own website.
2014 United States Senate election in Mississippi
The 2014 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate. Incumbent Republican Senator Thad Cochran, first elected in 1978, ran for re-election to a seventh term. Primary elections were held on June 3, 2014.

The election was notable for the contentious Republican primary between Cochran and a Tea Party-backed challenger, Chris McDaniel. After neither Cochran nor McDaniel received 50% of the vote in the primary, a runoff election was held on June 24, 2014. After narrowly defeating McDaniel in the runoff, Cochran defeated Democratic nominee Travis Childers, a former congressman, with nearly 60% of the vote.

Tea Party Express
The Tea Party Express is a California-based group founded in the summer of 2009 to support the Tea Party movement. Founded as a national bus tour to rally Tea Party activists, the group's leadership also endorses and promotes conservative candidates running for state and federal offices. It was founded as a project of the political action committee Our Country Deserves Better PAC by Republican party members Howard Kaloogian and Sal Russo.