hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bestansur
Bestansur is a Neolithic tell, or archaeological settlement mound, located in Arbat Town, Sulaimaniyah province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq in the western Zagros foothills. The site is located on the edge of the Shahrizor Plain, 30 km to the south-east of Sulaimaniyah. It is on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List.

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.
Man Walking Around a Corner
Man Walking Around a Corner is an early film/precursor of film, shot by Louis Le Prince in August 1887. It was taken on the corner of Rue Bochart-de-Saron and Avenue Trudaine in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. Pictures from the film were sent in a letter dated 18 August 1887 to his wife. According to David Wilkinson's 2015 documentary The First Film indeed, the work is not a film, but a series of photographs, 16 in total, each taken from one of the 16 lenses from Le Prince's camera. Le Prince went on to develop the one-lens camera, and on 14 October 1888 he finally made the world's first moving image. The total result of the work lasts less than two seconds.

The First Film
The First Film is a 2015 British documentary film about cinema pioneer Louis Le Prince, made by David Nicholas Wilkinson. It argues the case that Le Prince, rather than the Lumière brothers, was the true inventor of moving pictures, making Roundhay Garden Scene in Leeds in 1888. Le Prince mysteriously disappeared in 1890.

Mark Kermode, film critic of The Guardian, described the documentary as "a flickering story that blends intrigue, industrial espionage, and possibly even murder".

The world premiere of The First Film was at the 2015 Edinburgh International Film Festival. It went on general release in the United States in September 2016.
Frequency illusion
The frequency illusion (also known as the Baader–Meinhof phenomenon) is a cognitive bias in which a person notices a specific concept, word, or product more frequently after recently becoming aware of it.

The name "Baader–Meinhof phenomenon" was coined in 1994 by Terry Mullen in a letter to the St. Paul Pioneer Press. The letter describes how, after mentioning the name of the German militant group Baader–Meinhof once, he kept noticing it. This led to other readers sharing their own experiences of the phenomenon, leading it to gain recognition. It was not until 2005, when Stanford linguistics professor Arnold Zwicky wrote about this effect on his blog, that the name "frequency illusion" was coined.

Arnold Zwicky
Arnold Melchior Zwicky (born September 6, 1940) is an American linguist, adjunct professor at Stanford University, and distinguished university professor emeritus of linguistics at the Ohio State University. The Linguistic Society of America's Arnold Zwicky Award, given for the first time in 2021, is intended to recognize the contributions of LGBTQ+ scholars in linguistics; Zwicky was the first LGBTQ+ president of the LSA.
Nahe-Glan
Nahe-Glan is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Bad Sobernheim. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Bad Sobernheim and Meisenheim.

The Verbandsgemeinde Nahe-Glan consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°47′N 7°39′E﻿ / ﻿49.78°N 7.65°E﻿ / 49.78; 7.65

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Lennart Alexandersson
Lennart Alexandersson (born 31 March 1947) is a Swedish former footballer who as a full-back or forward played for Halmstads BK in the 1960s and 1970s. He is the father of football players, Niclas and Daniel Alexandersson.

In 1965, Halmstads was demoted to Division 3. From 1966 to 1968, the team regained their Division 2 status after dominating Division 3 with a goal difference of 87 to 23, a record in the Swedish league system. After Halmstads triumphant return to Division 2, Alexandersson along with three other teammates became the first contracted players for the club.

After his retirement from football, Lennart settled in Falkenberg with his wife and three sons. Two of his sons eventually went on to play for Halmstads BK. His son Niclas helped lead the team to the Svenska Cupen in 1995. As of June 2002, he had two grandchildren from his son Niclas.

Svenska Cupen
Svenska cupen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsvɛ̂nːska ˈkɵ̌pːɛn], lit. 'the Swedish cup'), also known as the Swedish Cup in English, is a knockout cup competition in Swedish football and the main Swedish football cup. Svenska cupen usually refers to the men's tournament, although a women's tournament is also held. Each year 96 teams compete, comprising the 16 teams from Allsvenskan and the 16 teams of Superettan together with 64 teams from lower tiers of the league system. The winners qualify for the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League. The winner is awarded the Gustaf VI Adolf cup.

Svenska cupen was first held in 1941. The current holders of the cup are BK Häcken who beat Malmö FF in the 2025 final. Malmö FF are the most successful club of the competition having won 16 titles, the latest in 2024.
Erick Friedman
Erick Friedman (August 16, 1939 – March 30, 2004) was an American violinist.
He performed around the world as guest soloist with orchestras such as the New York Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, Orchestre de Paris, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He collaborated with conductors such as Karajan, Stokowski, Steinberg, Leinsdorf, Previn, and Ozawa. He won a Grammy Award in 1996.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Pulvinodecton
Pulvinodecton is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. It comprises two species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens. These lichens are found exclusively in humid tropical rainforests, where they grow on tree bark in shaded locations from sea level to about 400 metres elevation. One species ranges across the Indo-Pacific region while the other is found only in the Seychelles islands. The lichens form thin, greyish crusts on bark that develop distinctive star-shaped fruiting bodies and powdery mounds for reproduction. They can be recognized by their orange-red crystal deposits that give older parts a rusty appearance.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Australeuma gladifer
Australeuma gladifer is a species of millipede in Metopidiotrichidae family, and  was first described in 1997 by William A. Shear and Bob Mesibov, It is a myriapod found in litter and only in Victoria, Australia.

Robert Mesibov
Robert 'Bob' Evan Mesibov (born 9 March 1946) is an American born and educated Australian myriapod specialist. He earned a B.A. from New York University in 1966 and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1971.

He migrated to Australia in 1973, settling in Tasmania where he became a curatorial assistant at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston. He became an Australian citizen in 1976.
North Shillong Assembly constituency
North Shillong is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of East Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It falls under Shillong Lok Sabha constituency. The seat had been vacant following the resignation of Adelbert Nongrum, formerly of the Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM) on 12 January 2023. Nongrum won the seat again following the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
Ōtani Kofun
The Ōtani Kofun (大谷古墳) is a kofun burial mound located in the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site in 1978. The artifacts excavated from the tumulus were designated as National Important Cultural Properties in 1982.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Harry S. Miller
Harry S. Miller (born April 4, 1860 – died January 5, 1934) was an American lyricist, composer, and sometimes playwright who lived in New York and Chicago in the 19th and early 20th centuries and is best known for his song "The Cat Came Back", published in 1893.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
Catherine Mothes-Jobkel
Catherine Mothes-Jobkel (born 7 June 1970 in Bègles) is a former tennis player from France who competed on the WTA Tour from 1987 to 1997. She turned professional in 1989 and reached a career-high ranking of world No. 67, in June 1993. During her career, she competed in the French Open eight times, twice reaching the second round, and in the US Open twice, reaching the second round in 1991. In 1993, she reached the semifinals of the Belgian Open.

Belgian Open (tennis)
The Belgian Open or Belgian International was a tennis tournament founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's clay court tennis tournament.

The tournament was staged as a joint event until 1971 when the women's event was discontinued, the men's event continued under the brand name Belgian Open Championships, then later was known as the  Belgian International Championships until 1981 when it was discontinued. In 1987 the tournament was revived as a women's only event also known as the Benelux Open  (for sponsorship reasons) that ran annually to 2001 when it was abolished.
Federal Point Township, North Carolina
Federal Point Township, North Carolina, is a statistical township consisting all of Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, and Sea Breeze. Federal Point Township also includes part of Silver Lake and Myrtle Grove. Federal Point Township is located in New Hanover County, North, Carolina.

Silver Lake, North Carolina
Silver Lake is a census-designated place in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,598 at the 2010 census, down from 5,788 in 2000. It is part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Château du Pin
The Château du Pin is a château in Fabras in Ardèche, southwestern France. It was built in the 12th century by the Chanaleilles family, then was heavily remodelled in the 16th century. The spot then acquired a dual function: military, with the addition of defensive towers, but also with agricultural crops in the field. The Château du Pin is typical of the fortified houses of Ardèche and the Cévennes. Built on a hillside, the castle is now surrounded by contemporary gardens, chestnut trees and dry stone terraces. The set is now a website dedicated to contemporary creation, open to the public since 1994 as a museum.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Islam in Tatarstan
Islam in Tatarstan existed prior to the tenth century, but it saw major growth in 922, when Bulgar ruler Almış converted to Islam.  This was followed by an increase in missionary activity in Volga Bulgaria. Islam remained the dominant religion through the Mongol invasion and subsequent Khanate of Kazan. In 1552, the region was finally conquered by Russia, bringing the Volga Tatars and Bashkirs on the Middle Volga into the tsardom. Under Russian rule, Islam was suppressed for many years, first during the Tsardom and Russian Empire, while also facing persecution during the Soviet era. Today, Islam is a major faith in Tatarstan, adhered to by 47.8–55 percent of the estimated 3.8 million population, making it one of the two dominant religions in the region, the other being Orthodox Christianity.

Marat Gatin is the minister for Interaction with Religious Organizations, a Presidential department.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Plessisville, Quebec (parish)
Plessisville (French pronunciation: [plɛsivil]) was a parish municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec. It completely surrounded the city of the same name. On 1 January 2024, the parish municipality merged with the city of Plessisville.

Centre-du-Québec
Centre-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ dy kebɛk], Central Quebec) is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville, and Bécancour. It has a land area of 6,930.05 square kilometres (2,675.71 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 242,399 inhabitants.
Black titi monkey
The black titi monkey (Cheracebus lugens), is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. It was described in 1811 as Callicebus lugens. It is sometimes called the widow monkey.

Vichada River
The Vichada River (Spanish: Río Vichada, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o βiˈ tʃaða]) is a blackwater river in  Colombia, South America. It flows into the Orinoco River.

The eastward course of the Vichada is offset by an impact structure, called the Vichada Structure.  The structure is most likely the largest impact structure in South America.
Marni Abbott-Peter
Marni Abbott-Peter (born October 11, 1965) is a Canadian retired wheelchair basketball player and current head coach of the Canadian senior women's wheelchair basketball team. As a member of Team Canada, she won three gold medals and one bronze during the Paralympic Games as well as four World Championship titles. She was inducted into the Canadian Paralympic Committee Hall of Fame in 2015. She is married to fellow Paralympic athlete Richard Peter.

Canada women's national wheelchair basketball team
The Canada women's national wheelchair basketball team is one of Canada's most successful national sporting teams. It is the only national women's wheelchair basketball team to have won three consecutive gold medals at the Paralympic Games in 1992, 1996 and 2000, and the only one to have won four consecutive World Wheelchair Basketball Championships, in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006. In 2014 it won a fifth World Championship.
Veselin Vujović
Veselin Vujović (born 18 January 1961) is a Montenegrin handball coach and former professional player. He is the current head coach of  RK Nexe Našice and Qatar men's national handball team.

As a player, Vujović competed at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics for the Yugoslavia national team.

RK Nexe Našice
Rukometni klub Nexe Našice (English: Nexe Našice Handball Club), commonly referred to as RK Nexe Našice or simply Nexe, is a professional handball club from Našice, Croatia. Currently, RK Nexe competes in the Premijer liga and Croatian Handball Cup as well in the SEHA League and in the EHF European League.
John Parker (died 1617)
Sir John Parker (c. 1548 – 15 October 1617) was an English soldier and politician.

He was the son of Thomas Parker (died 1580) of Ratton, Willingdon, Sussex. He spent time on military service in Ireland before being posted to the Berwick garrison.

He was a Member of Parliament for Hastings in 1589; Truro, Cornwall in 1593; Dunheved in 1601; and East Looe in 1604.

He was a gentleman pensioner by 1587–1603, constable of Leominster castle in 1589, bailiff of Longney manor, Yorkshire in 1589, keeper of Falmouth Castle from 1603 to his death and captain of Pendennis Castle from 1603 to his death. He was knighted in 1603.

He died unmarried.

Hastings (UK Parliament constituency)
Hastings was a parliamentary constituency in  Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament to the Parliament of England until 1707, Parliament of Great Britain before 1801 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until the 1885 general election, when its representation was reduced to one member. It was abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was partially replaced by the new Hastings and Rye constituency.
Citizen Sparrow
Citizen Sparrow is an ongoing citizen science project in India in which members of the public are encouraged to contribute information on presence and absence of the house sparrow. It is organised by Bombay Natural History Society and Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) in partnership with the National Centre for Biological Sciences and Nature Conservation Foundation. Several other Indian Non Governmental Organisations collaborate with this project.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Alma Möller
Alma Dagbjört Möller (born 24 June 1961) is an Icelandic doctor and politician. On 1 April 2018 she became the first woman to serve as the Director of Health since the office was established in 1760. Since February 2020, she has been one of the lead members of the Iceland's Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland.

On 17 June 2020, Alma was awarded a knighthood of the Order of the Falcon for services to health affairs and contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

She was elected to the Althing for the Social Democratic Alliance in the 2024 election. She became Minister of Health in the government of Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir.

Social Democratic Alliance
The Social Democratic Alliance (Icelandic: Samfylkingin -  jafnaðarflokkur Íslands, lit. 'The Alliance – Iceland's Equality Party') is a social democratic political party in Iceland. The party is positioned on the centre-left of the political spectrum and their leader is Kristrún Frostadóttir, who has been leader since 2022, and has served as Prime Minister of Iceland since 21 December 2024.

Founded in 2000 as a merger of four centre-left parties, the party formed its first government following the 2009 Icelandic parliamentary election under Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir. The party was defeated in 2013, and remained in opposition until winning the 2024 elections. The youth wing of the Social Democratic Alliance is the Social Democratic Youth.
1917 Camp Upton football team
The 1917 Camp Upton football team represented the United States Army's 77th Division that trained at Camp Upton in Yaphank on Long Island, New York, during the 1917 college football season. Former Princeton halfback Frank Glick was the team's coach.

By October 1917, 30,000 recruits were stationed at Camp Upton, and athletic competition was part of the camp's training regimen. Regimental football teams competed against one another before an all-cantonment team was formed in November 1917.

Former Harvard All-American Robert Treat Paine Storer played for the Camp Upton all-cantonment team.

On November 24, the team lost a close game to Camp Devens (coached by Harvard's Percy Haughton) at the Polo Grounds in New York City.

The 77th Division was deployed to France in 1918.  The Lost Battalion, part of the 77th, sustained heavy losses in the Argonne Forest in October 1918.

1917 Camp Devens football team
The 1917 Camp Devens football team was an American football team that represented the United States Army's 76th Infantry Division stationed at Camp Devens in Ayer, Massachusetts, during the 1917 fall football season.

The team had two players named to the 1917 All-Service football team: halfback Wayland Minot (Walter Camp, 1st team); and end C. A. Coolidge (Paul Purman, 1st team).