hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mott scattering
In physics, Mott scattering is elastic electron scattering from nuclei. It is a form of Coulomb scattering that requires treatment of spin-coupling. It is named after Nevill Francis Mott, who first developed the theory in 1929.

Mott scattering is similar to Rutherford scattering but electrons are used instead of alpha particles as they do not interact via the strong interaction (only through weak interaction and electromagnetism), which enable electrons to penetrate the atomic nucleus, giving valuable insight into the nuclear structure.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Borowiecko-Kolonia
Borowiecko-Kolonia [bɔrɔˈvjɛt͡skɔ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gomunice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Gomunice, 9 km (6 mi) north of Radomsko, and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Francis G. Judge
Francis G. Judge (April 4, 1908 – June 27, 1994) was an American electrician, businessman, and politician.

Judge was born in Cannon Falls, Goodhue County, Minnesota. He graduated from high school and went to the Dunwoody College of Technology. He lived in Worthington, Minnesota with his wife and family and worked as an electrician for Worthington Electric Company. Judge served on the Minnesota State Board of Electricity from 1959 to 1967 and was its president. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1969 to 1972 and was a Democrat. Judge died at Presbyterian Homes in Arden Hills, Minnesota.

Goodhue County, Minnesota
Goodhue County (/ˈɡʊdhjuː/ GUUD-hew) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,582. Its county seat is Red Wing. Nearly all of Prairie Island Indian Community is within the county.

Goodhue County comprises the Red Wing, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.
Creature 3D
Creature 3D is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language 3D monster horror film directed by Vikram Bhatt. It is produced by Bhushan Kumar and Krishan Kumar and co-produced by Ajay Kapoor under the banner of T-Series in association with BVG Films. It stars Bipasha Basu in her penultimate film before her long hiatus and Pakistani actor Imran Abbas, marking the latter's Bollywood debut. The film also stars Mukul Dev and Deepraj Rana in supporting roles.

The film was released theatrically on 12 September 2014.

Anupama Chopra
Anupama Vinod Chopra (née Chandra) is an Indian author, journalist and film critic who served as the festival director of the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival from 2015 to 2023. She is also the founder and editor of the now-defunct digital platform Film Companion, which offered a curated look at cinema with an emphasis on Indian film. She has written several books on Indian cinema and has been a film critic for NDTV and India Today, as well as the Hindustan Times. She hosted a weekly film review show, The Front Row With Anupama Chopra, on Star World. She won the 2000 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema for her first book Sholay: The Making of a Classic. Chopra joined the Indian outlet of The Hollywood Reporter as it was launched in 2024.
LINGO1
Leucine-rich repeat and Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1 also known as LINGO-1 is a protein which is encoded by the LINGO1 gene in humans. It belongs to the family of leucine-rich repeat proteins which are known for playing key roles in the biology of the central nervous system. LINGO-1 is a functional component of the Nogo (neurite outgrowth inhibitor) receptor also known as the reticulon 4 receptor.

It has been suggested that LINGO-1 antagonists such as BIIB033 could significantly improve and regulate survival after neural injury caused by the protein.

Myelination
Myelination, or myelinogenesis, is the formation and development of myelin sheaths in the nervous system, typically initiated in late prenatal neurodevelopment and continuing throughout postnatal development. The term myelinogenesis is also sometimes used to differentiate the very early stages of embryonic myelination.

Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.  Myelination continues throughout the lifespan to support learning and memory via neural circuit plasticity as well as remyelination following injury. Successful myelination of axons increases action potential speed by enabling saltatory conduction, which is essential for timely signal conduction between spatially separate brain regions, as well as provides metabolic support to neurons.
The Flagmakers
The Flagmakers is a 2022 documentary film about the workers of employee-owned American flag manufacturer Eder Flag who manufacture American flags and flagpoles. The film focuses on the factory's diverse workforce, including locals, immigrants, and refugees.

Eder Flag Manufacturing Company
The Eder Flag Manufacturing Company, based in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, is the largest company in America that serves as both a flag and flagpole manufacturer. The company was founded in 1893.

In June 2015, following the events of the Charleston church shooting, the company announced that it would no longer sell Confederate flags.
Sagae
Sagae (寒河江市, Sagae-shi) is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 40,131, and a population density of 289 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 139.03 square kilometres (54 sq mi).

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Be Rehem
BayReham (Urdu: بے رحم, lit. 'Merciless') is a 2018 Pakistani soap drama serial directed by Abid Rahim, produced by Babar Javed and written by Samina Ejaz. The drama stars Omer Shahzad and Sumaiyya Bukhsh in lead roles,  and was first aired on 17 July 2018 on Geo Entertainment, where it aired  Monday to Friday followed by Umm-e-Haniya. The story is about the psycho husband who tortures his wife.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Makwanpur 1 (constituency)
Makwanpur 1 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Makwanpur District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.

Makwanpur District
Makwanpur District (Nepali: मकवानपुर जिल्ला; Listenⓘ), in Bagmati Province, earlier a part of Narayani Zone, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The city of Hetauda serves as the district headquarters and also as the provincial headquarters. The district covers an area of 2,426 km2 (937 sq mi) and had a population of 392,604 in 2001 and 420,477 in 2011. The latest census of 2021 recorded the population of Makwanpur as 466,073.
GRB 190114C
GRB 190114C was an extreme gamma-ray burst explosion from a galaxy 4.5 billion light years away 
(z=0.4245; magnitude=15.60est) in the Fornax constellation, that was initially detected in January 2019. The afterglow light emitted soon after the burst was found to be tera-electron volt radiation from inverse Compton emission, identified for the first time. According to the astronomers, "We observed a huge range of frequencies in the electromagnetic radiation afterglow of GRB 190114C. It is the most extensive to date for a gamma-ray burst." Also, according to other astronomers, "light detected from the object had the highest energy ever observed for a GRB: 1 Tera electron volt (TeV)—about one trillion times as much energy per photon as visible light"; another source stated, "the brightest light ever seen from Earth [to date]."

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Brat Tour
The Brat Tour (also referred to as the Brat Arena Tour for the arena dates) was the fourth solo concert tour by British singer-songwriter Charli XCX, in support of her sixth studio album Brat (2024). It began in Manchester, England, on 27 November 2024, and concluded in  Gwacheon, South Korea, on 15 August 2025. British singer and DJ Shygirl served as the opening act for the UK leg, while British producer and artist Finn Keane was the opening act for the US leg.

Gwacheon
Gwacheon (Korean: 과천; Korean pronunciation: [kwa̠.tɕʰʌ̹n]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies close to Seoul in the heart of the Seoul National Capital Area, and also lies just east of Anyang. Seoul Subway Line 4 passes through the city.

Various attractions usually associated with Seoul, including Seoul Grand Park, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul Land, Gwacheon National Science Museum, and Seoul Race Park are actually located in Gwacheon or its immediate jurisdiction. It is also home to a major administrative center of the Korean government.
Embassy without a government
An embassy without a government is a diplomatic mission that represents a deposed government to its host country. Such a mission usually arises from a civil conflict that leads to a regime change from an internationally recognised government to one or more new governments that may or may not be recognised when established for a variety of reasons.

Regime change
Regime change is the partly forcible or coercive replacement of one government regime with another. It is typically understood as a violation of the sovereignty of the target state. Regime change may replace all or part of the state's most critical leadership system, administrative apparatus, or bureaucracy. Regime change may occur through domestic processes, such as revolution, coup, or reconstruction of government following state failure or civil war. It can also be imposed on a country by foreign actors through invasion, overt or covert interventions, or coercive diplomacy. Regime change may entail the construction of new institutions, the restoration of old institutions, and the promotion of new ideologies.

According to a dataset by Alexander B. Downes, 120 leaders were removed through foreign-imposed regime change between 1816 and 2011.
Ferrier, Alberta
Ferrier, or Ferrier Acres is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within Clearwater County that is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the south side of Township Road 393A, 4 km (2.5 mi) west of Highway 11A.

Alberta Highway 11A
Highway 11A is the designation of two routes that connect to Highway 11 (David Thompson Highway) in Alberta, Canada. The Rocky Mountain House section is referred to as 11A:02 by Alberta Transportation, while 11A:06 runs from Sylvan Lake to Red Deer.
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Siegen-Wittgenstein is a Kreis (district) in the southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Olpe, Hochsauerlandkreis, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Lahn-Dill, Westerwaldkreis, and Altenkirchen.

Westerwaldkreis
The Westerwaldkreis ("District of Westerwald") is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Altenkirchen, Lahn-Dill, Limburg-Weilburg, Rhein-Lahn, the district-free city Koblenz, Mayen-Koblenz and Neuwied.
Vuelta a Guatemala
The Vuelta a Guatemala (Spanish for Tour of Guatemala) is a multi-day road bicycle racing stage race held annually and typically during late October and early November in several locations in Guatemala. The competition carries a UCI rating of 2.2 (having also been rated 2.5 from 2002 to 2004) and is part of the UCI America Tour, which is one of six UCI Continental Circuits sponsored by the Union Cycliste Internationale, the sport's international governing body. The race is organized by the Federacion Nacional de Ciclismo de Guatemala.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
Drake Icefall
Drake Icefall is an icefall 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide between the Soholt Peaks and the Edson Hills in Antarctica, draining eastward from the plateau to join the general flow of Union Glacier through the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, for Benjamin Drake IV, a geologist and member of the party.

Icefall
An icefall is a portion of certain glaciers characterized by relatively rapid flow and chaotic crevassed surface, caused in part by gravity. The term icefall is formed by analogy with the word waterfall, which is a similar phenomenon of the liquid phase but at a more spectacular speed. When ice movement of a glacier is faster than elsewhere, because the glacier bed steepens or narrows, and the flow cannot be accommodated by plastic deformation, the ice fractures, forming crevasses. Where two fractures meet, seracs (or ice towers) can be formed. When the movement of the ice slows down, the crevasses can coalesce, resulting in the surface of the glacier becoming smoother.
Committee for Communities
The Committee for Communities is a Northern Ireland Assembly committee established to advise, assist and scrutinise the work of the Department for Communities and Minister for Communities (currently Gordon Lyons). The committee also plays a key role in the consultation, consideration and development of new social development legislation.

Until 2016, the committee was called the Committee for Social Development.

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
Di Smith
Di Smith, also credited as Diane Smith, is an Australian actress. She played Jenny Harper on The Restless Years for over two years and Dr Alex Fraser on A Country Practice for three years. For the latter she was nominated for the 1989 Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actress. She was a presenter on The Great Outdoors for ten years until 2006.

Smith graduated from NIDA in 1978 and has appeared in Kingswood Country, Cop Shop, Home Sweet Home, Skyways and Emoh Ruo. On stage she appeared in Trafford Tanzi and Steaming (Comedy Theatre, 1990) and was part of comedy group The Disposable Faces from 1989 with the group joining 2DAY-FMs breakfast lineup in 1990.

Smith ran as a Labor candidate for Wentworth against Malcolm Turnbull in the 2013 national elections.

The Restless Years
The Restless Years is an Australian soap opera which followed the lives of several Sydney school-leavers and the drama and relationships faced by young adults. It was created by Reg Watson and produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation for Network Ten, and ran from 6 December 1977 until 12 November 1981.
Barbodes bunau
Barbodes bunau is a species of cyprinid fish native to Indonesia. It is known from  North Kalimantan Province, particularly from the Sebuku and Sesayap rivers in Borneo It is not categorically put under the B. binotatus group, but is rather related to B. lateristriga

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
2002 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid
The 2002 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the Madrid Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It took place at the Madrid Arena in Madrid, Spain from 14 October through 20 October 2002. Second-seeded Andre Agassi won the singles title.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Austin Walton
Austin Walton is an attorney and American sports agent who represents players in the National Basketball Association. He is the CEO and founder of NEXT SPORTS Agency, who represents Bones Hyland; Dean Wade; Aaron Wiggins; Kent Bazemore; Dereon Seabron and Jared Rhoden of the Denver Nuggets; Cleveland Cavaliers; Oklahoma City Thunder; Sacramento Kings; New Orleans Pelicans and Portland Trail Blazers.

Dean Wade
Dean Jackson Wade (born November 20, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kansas State Wildcats.
South Pacific Touring Series
The South Pacific Touring Series was an Australian Touring car racing series held annually from 1970 to 1975 during the month of February in conjunction with the Tasman Series for open-wheelers. Races counting towards the series were staged at Surfers Paradise in Queensland, Warwick Farm and Oran Park in Sydney, Sandown Park in Melbourne and, from 1972, at the Adelaide International Raceway in South Australia.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
Carlo Vidusso
Carlo Vidusso (1911 in Talcahuano – 1978 in Milan) was an Italian pianist.

He studied piano with Ernesto Drangosch and at 9 years old got a diploma in Buenos Aires. He moved to Italy, studied composition with Giulio Cesare Paribeni and Renzo Bossi at the Conservatorio of Milano and continued his piano studies with Carlo Lonati. He received an honorable mention at the II International Chopin Piano Competition.

A virtuoso with ease of reading, at 20 years old he began an acclaimed concert career, performing in Italy and around Europe. 
In 1953, owing to a disorder in his right hand, he stopped performing in public and thence dedicated himself to teaching. Maurizio Pollini was among his many students.

He fingered and revised many piano compositions.

Talcahuano
Talcahuano (Spanish pronunciation: [talkaˈ(ɣ)wano]) (From Mapudungun Tralkawenu, "Thundering Sky") is a port city and commune in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is part of the Greater Concepción conurbation. Talcahuano is located in the south of the Central Zone of Chile.