hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bahamas at the 1952 Summer Olympics
The Bahamas competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. Only seven men went to Helsinki to compete in the sailing, all seven were affiliated with Nassau Yacht Club.

Durward Knowles and Sloane Farrington had both competed at the 1948 Olympics for Great Britain, due to the Bahamas not being recognised by the IOC.

British Bahamas
The British Bahamas were a British colony that existed from 1648 until 1973, when it became an independent nation. It is also referred to as the British Administered Bahamas, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, or the Crown Colony of the Bahamas. The colony changed hands between private settlers, English lords, and the British Crown of the United Kingdom during the 325 years it was a colony. The Bahamas territory is an archipelago of approximately 700 islands and 30 reefs located in the Atlantic Ocean in the region of the Caribbean. The nation was dissolved in 1973 during Bahamian independence.
USS Briscoe
Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name Briscoe.

USS Briscoe (APA-65), was a Gilliam-class attack transport laid down in 1944, served during World War II, and decommissioned in 1946. This ship was named in honor of Briscoe County, Texas.

USS Briscoe (DD-977), was a Spruance-class destroyer laid down in 1975 and decommissioned in 2003. This ship was named in honor of Admiral Robert P. Briscoe.

USS Briscoe (DD-977)
34°49′0″N 72°31′0″W﻿ / ﻿34.81667°N 72.51667°W﻿ / 34.81667; -72.51667

USS Briscoe (DD-977), named after Admiral Robert Pearce Briscoe USN, was a Spruance-class destroyer built by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries at Pascagoula, Mississippi. She was laid down 21 July 1975, launched 28 December 1976 and commissioned 3 June 1978. The ship operated from Norfolk, Virginia during her entire 25-year career. When decommissioned, she was part of Destroyer Squadron 22.
Wake Technical Community College
Wake Technical Community College (Wake Tech) is a public community college in Raleigh, North Carolina. Its first location, now the Southern Wake Campus, opened in 1963. Wake Tech now operates multiple campuses throughout Wake County. The largest community college in North Carolina, Wake Tech is part of the North Carolina Community College System and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Wake County Public School System
The Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) is a public school district located in Wake County, North Carolina. With 159,995 students in average daily membership and 198 schools as of the 2023–24 school year, it is the largest public school district in North Carolina and 14th-largest in the United States as of 2016.

To see the list of schools and their statistics, see List of schools in the Wake County Public School System.
John Whittier Treat
John Whittier Treat (born August 10, 1953 in New Haven) is Professor Emeritus of East Asian Languages and Literature at Yale University, Connecticut, United States, where he teaches Japanese literature and culture. He was co-editor of the Journal of Japanese Studies. He has published numerous essays and several books on Japan-related topics. In 2008 he discussed his work with Peter Shea at the University of Minnesota.

He received his BA in Asian Studies 1975 from Amherst College, Massachusetts, and his MA and PhD in East Asian Languages and Literatures from Yale University in 1979 and 1982, respectively. In 2011 he translated Yi Gwangsu's short story, "Maybe Love" (사랑인가, 1909), which was then published in the journal Azalea by the University of Hawaiʻi Press.

Yi Kwangsu
Yi Kwangsu (Korean: 이광수; Hanja: 李光洙; February 1, 1892 – October 25, 1950) was a Korean writer, Korean independence activist, and later collaborator with Imperial Japan. Yi is best known for his novel Mujŏng (The Heartless), which is often described as the first modern Korean novel.

His art names were Ch'unwŏn and Koju. He adopted a Japanese name, Kayama Mitsurō (香山光郞).
Rincón (Camajuaní)
Rincón also known as El Rincón, Finca Rincón, and Finca el Rincón is a settlement of the Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios (CCS) Raul Torres Acosta.  in Camajuaní, Villa Clara, Cuba. Nearby towns are La Lebisa, Guajén, Vega Alta, Canoa, CPA Benito Ramírez, La Luz, Guerrero, and El Perico.

The Saint Lazarus sanctuary is located in Rincón where many Cubans make an annual pilgrimage on December 17 to mark the feast day of San Lázaro.

Villa Clara Province
Villa Clara is one of the provinces of Cuba.  It is located in the central region of the island bordering on the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Matanzas Province to the west, Sancti Spiritus Province to the east, and Cienfuegos Province to the South. Villa Clara shares with Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus on the south the Escambray Mountain Range. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Remedios, Sagua La Grande, Camajuani, Caibarién, Ranchuelo, Placetas, and Manicaragua.
Single pilot operations
Single pilot operations (SPO) is a proposal for commercial flights operated with one pilot, where previously two would be required.

Single pilot operations will require improvements in technology including aircraft and cockpit design, and changes to pilot training. Safety must be proved to win acceptance by regulators and the public.

Cockpit
A cockpit, also called flight deck, is the area, on the front part of an aircraft, spacecraft, or submersible, from which a pilot controls the vehicle.

The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the controls that enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most airliners, a door separates the cockpit/Flight Deck from the aircraft cabin. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, all major airlines fortified their cockpits against access by hijackers.
Cognitive ontology
Cognitive ontology is ontology (study of being) which begins from features of human cognition directly, as opposed to its collective summary which is reflected in language. The more radical forms of it challenge also the central position of mathematics as "just another language" which biases human cognition. Perceptual psychology is a very closely related field, as it studies the limits of what humans can perceive. Barry Smith is perhaps the principal developer of this field, and has also developed the related topic of naïve physics.

Naïve physics
Naïve physics or folk physics is the untrained human perception of basic physical phenomena. In the field of artificial intelligence the study of naïve physics is a part of the effort to formalize the common knowledge of human beings.

Many ideas of folk physics are simplifications, misunderstandings, or misperceptions of well-understood phenomena, incapable of giving useful predictions of detailed experiments, or simply are contradicted by more thorough observations. They may sometimes be true, be true in certain limited cases, be true as a good first approximation to a more complex effect, or predict the same effect but misunderstand the underlying mechanism.

Naïve physics is characterized by a mostly intuitive understanding humans have about objects in the physical world. Certain notions of the physical world may be innate.
Ed Widseth
Edwin Clarence Widseth (January 5, 1910 – December 3, 1998) was an American professional football player who was a tackle for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons.  He played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team of the University of Minnesota, where he was a consensus All-American in 1935 and 1936.  Widseth was drafted by the New York Giants in the first round of the 1937 NFL draft, and was chosen for the Pro Bowl in 1938.  He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Minnesota Golden Gophers football
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships, including four (1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll.

Since 2009, the Golden Gophers have played all their home games at Huntington Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The team is currently coached by P. J. Fleck.
Chuck Halberg
Charles C. "Chuck" Halberg (born November 20, 1942) was an American politician and lawyer.

Halberg lived in Burnsville, Minnesota with his wife and family. He graduated from St. Olaf College with a bachelor's degree and from William Mitchell College of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. Halberg was admitted to the Minnesota bar. Halberg served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1979 to 1986 and in the Minnesota Senate in 1991 and 1992. He was a Republican.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Butte Falls Ranger Station
The Butte Falls Ranger Station, located in Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest in Butte Falls, Oregon, was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps.  It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service in rustic style.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its architecture.  The listing included eight contributing buildings on 6.1 acres (2.5 ha).

It includes the 1938-built station building, a 1+1⁄2-story building on a concrete foundation with a wood-shingle roof.  It includes a pine tree shaped cutout in the east and south gable ends of the roof, and a knotty pine interior.

The Ranger's Residence building was built in 1936.

Butte Falls Ranger Station, Ranger's Residence Garage also includes pine tree cutouts under the roof apex at east and west gable ends.

The Butte Falls Ranger Station, Residence #1001 was built in 1935.

Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest
The Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest is a United States national forest in the U.S. states of Oregon and California.  The formerly separate Rogue River and Siskiyou National Forests were administratively combined in 2004.  Now, the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest ranges from the crest of the Cascade Range west into the Siskiyou Mountains, covering almost 1.8 million acres (7,300 km2). Forest headquarters are located in Medford, Oregon.
Canton of Toulouse-10
The canton of Toulouse-10 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Toulouse.

It consists of the following communes:

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Gizmo key
The gizmo key is a key commonly found on the B foot joint of certain models of flute.  It closes the low B tone hole without closing the low C tone hole or the low C♯ tone hole, which is intended to facilitate the performance of the fourth octave C.

The gizmo key was introduced by Verne Q. Powell (Powell Flutes), in response to criticisms of the B foot joint by performers such as Jean-Pierre Rampal, who believed that the lengthened tube made it harder for them to produce the highest notes. It is now common on the instrument.

Jean-Pierre Rampal
Jean-Pierre Louis Rampal (7 January 1922 – 20 May 2000) was a French flautist.  Rampal popularised the flute in the post–World War II years, recovering flute compositions from the Baroque era, and spurring contemporary composers, such as Francis Poulenc, to create new works that have become modern standards in the flautist's repertoire.
Listed buildings in Tickhill
Tickhill is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England.  The parish contains 121 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the town of Tickhill and the surrounding countryside.  The parish church, St Mary's Church, is listed at Grade I, and the Grade II* listed buildings are an Augustinian friary converted for domestic use, St Leonard's Hospital, later used as a parish room, a house built in the grounds of Tickhill Castle, and Lindrick House from the early 18th century.  Most of the other listed buildings are houses, cottages, and associated structures, shops and offices, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The rest include the original buttercross and its later replacement, a bridge, a mill, chapels, and a milestone.

Buttercross
A buttercross, butter cross or butter market cross is a type of market cross associated with English market towns and dating from medieval times. The name originates from the fact that the crosses were located in market places, where people would gather to buy locally produced butter and other dairy products. The fresh produce was laid out and displayed on the circular stepped bases of the cross.

Their design varies from place to place, but they are often covered by some type of roof to offer shelter. The roofs were generally added at a much later date than the construction of the original cross.
Title IV of the Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. It has ten titles, each containing numerous sections.  Title IV: Protecting the Border aims to prevent terrorism in the USA through immigration regulations.  The provisions of the title generally increase the difficulty of entering the country for those known to have, or suspected of having, terrorist intent.

Title IV amends large parts of the Immigration and Nationality Act, giving more law enforcement and investigative power to the United States Attorney General and to the Immigration and Naturalization Service.  Criticisms of the title include its lack of mention of judicial review for groups designated as terrorist and its sections that mandate study of potential future legislative enhancements rather than enforcement action.

Title 8 of the United States Code
Title 8 of the United States Code is a non-positive law title of the United States Code with the heading "Aliens and Nationality."  The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 is principally editorially codified to chapter 12 of Title 8.  The heading of the title was originally "Aliens and Citizenship" (1926) but it was changed to its current heading, "Aliens and Nationality," starting with the 1940 edition of the U.S. Code.
Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls
The men's single sculls rowing competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin, Moscow, Soviet Union. The event was held from 20 to 27 July. There were 14 competitors from 14 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by Pertti Karppinen of Finland, his second of three consecutive victories from 1976 to 1984. Karppinen was the eighth man to win multiple medals in the event. Silver went to Vasil Yakusha of the Soviet Union, the nation's sixth medal in eight Games. East Germany took a third consecutive bronze medal, all by different rowers as Peter Kersten was the nation's men's single sculler this Games.

Krylatskoye Rowing Canal
The Krylatskoye Rowing Canal is a canoe sprint and rowing venue located in the Krylatskoye Sports Complex in Moscow, Russia.

The basin was constructed in two stages, with the first completed in 1973 for hosting the European Rowing Championships and the second in 1979 for the finals of the VII USSR Summer Spartakiade. The basin is filled with water flowing from the Karamyshevskaya weir on the Moskva River. The venue hosted rowing competitions for the 1980 Summer Olympics. The 2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were also held there.
Bruce McNaughton
Peter Bruce L. McNaughton FRSC is a Canadian neuroscientist and Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine), as well as a Professor of Neuroscience and director of the Polaris Brain Dynamics research group at The Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience. He joined the faculty of UC Irvine in 2014, after having taught at the University of Lethbridge for six years. He had moved his lab from the University of Arizona to the University of Lethbridge in 2008 after winning the Polaris Award from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016. He is also a lifetime member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

University of Lethbridge
The University of Lethbridge (also known as uLethbridge, uLeth, and U of L) is a public comprehensive and research university located in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with a second campus in Calgary, Alberta, and until 2015 a third campus in Edmonton, Alberta.

Founded in the liberal arts tradition, the university offers over 150 undergraduate degree programs in the Arts, Sciences, Management, Education, Health Sciences and Fine Arts. Further, the university has over 50 Masters and PhD programs.

Ranked as one of the top primarily undergraduate universities in Canada by Maclean's magazine, the university has a provincial economic impact of $2.0 billion. It is the second largest employer in the city of Lethbridge, with over 1,000 staff, including 600 academic staff. The student population consists of 7,528 undergraduates and 735 graduate students as of 2022. There are over 50,000 alumni around the world.
New Gods, New Masters
New Gods, New Masters is the ninth studio album by the American technical death metal band Revocation. It was released on September 26, 2025, via Metal Blade in vinyl and digital formats.
New Gods, New Masters is band's first album to feature guitarist Harry Lannon and bassist Alex Weber.

Revocation (band)
Revocation is an American technical death metal band from Boston, Massachusetts, currently consisting of lead guitarist and lead vocalist Dave Davidson, drummer Ash Pearson, rhythm guitarist Harry Lannon and bassist Alex Weber. The band has released eight studio albums, two EPs, and sixteen music videos since their formation.
Owen Township, Indiana
Owen Township is the name of four townships in Indiana:

Owen Township, Clark County, Indiana

Owen Township, Clinton County, Indiana

Owen Township, Jackson County, Indiana

Owen Township, Warrick County, Indiana

Owen Township, Jackson County, Indiana
Owen Township is one of twelve townships in Jackson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,588 and it contained 667 housing units. It was named for the local Owen family of pioneer settlers.
Academia Engelberg Foundation
The Academia Engelberg Foundation  is a Swiss foundation in Engelberg in the Canton of Obwalden that aims to impart and utilize knowledge. It promotes the dialogue on the scientific, technological and ecological basic values of society.

Engelberg
Engelberg (lit.: mountain of angel(s)) is a village resort and a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Alongside the central village of Engelberg, the municipality encompasses additional settlements, including Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand.

The municipality of Engelberg is an exclave, entirely encircled by the neighboring cantons of Bern, Nidwalden and Uri.

Engelberg is a mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the area garnered recognition for its Benedictine monastery, known as Engelberg Abbey. As time progressed, particularly from the 19th century onwards, Engelberg became a well-known mountain resort. The city of Lucerne serves as the nearest major urban center.

While the official language of Engelberg is German, the predominant spoken language is the local variation of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Anna Held Audette
Anna Held Audette (1938–2013) was an American painter, printmaker, and educator.

Audette née Held was born New York City in 1938. She was the daughter of art historian Julius S. Held. She attended Smith College and the Yale School of Art.

Audette taught art at the Southern Connecticut State University. She was the author of several books, including The Blank Canvas: Inviting the Muse (1993)  and 100 Creative Drawing Ideas (2004).

Audette died on June 9, 2013.

Her work is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the National Gallery of Art.

Posthumous exhibitions include  Anna Held Audette: Requiem for the Industrial Age in 2014 at the Housatonic Museum of Art, The Art of Anna Held Audette in 2023 at the American Precision Museum, and Abandon in Place: The Worlds of Anna Audette in 2023 at the Florence Griswold Museum.

Housatonic Museum of Art
41°10′30″N 73°11′28″W﻿ / ﻿41.175°N 73.191°W﻿ / 41.175; -73.191

The Housatonic Museum of Art is a museum at Housatonic Community College in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States. The museum's collection is displayed throughout the college campus and in the Burt Chernow Galleries, which also hosts visiting exhibitions.
Old Bishopsbourne
Old Bishopsbourne is a heritage-listed house at 233 Milton Road, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Benjamin Backhouse and built from 1865 to 1959. It is also known as St Francis Theological College and Bishopsbourne. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Platycerium
Platycerium is a genus of about 18 fern species in the polypod family, Polypodiaceae. Ferns in this genus are widely known as staghorn or elkhorn ferns due to their uniquely shaped fronds. This genus is epiphytic and is native to tropical and temperate areas of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Guinea.
Jerry Lawson (runner)
Jerry Lawson (born July 2, 1966) is a retired American long-distance runner who held a national record in the marathon. He won the 1992 Jacksonville Marathon in a course best time of 2:14.33 which thirty years later is still the male record.  In 1993, Lawson bettered his marathon time by over three minutes, clocking a (still valid) course record time of 2:10:27 while winning the California International Marathon. After finishing in second place in the 1996 Chicago Marathon, Lawson set his P.R. of 2:09:35 in the 1997 Chicago Marathon behind winner Khalid Khannouchi.

In the mid-1980s, Lawson competed in cross country and track for Mohawk Valley Community College.

Mohawk Valley Community College
Mohawk Valley Community College (MVCC) is a public community college in Oneida County, New York. It is part of the State University of New York system. MVCC was founded in 1946 as the first community college established in New York State and currently consists of the main campus in Utica and a branch campus in Rome.