hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
House of Nogaret de La Vallette
The House of Nogaret de La Valette, formerly Nogaret, was a ducal family of French nobility, originally from Lavalette (Haute-Garonne) in the Languedoc region. It died out in the 17th century.. The family was elevated to the ducal title four times (1581, 1611, 1621, 1622) and to the rank of Peer of France as early as 1581..

Jean-Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (1554–1642) was a confidant of King Henry III and a leading figure in the French nobility during the reigns of Henry III, Henry IV and Louis XIII.

The family produced two French admirals, multiple provincial governors, and two prelates.

Seigneur
A seigneur (French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. Seigneurialism was repealed in Acadia in 1733, France in 1789 and the Province of Canada in 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
Eva Ramón Gallegos
Eva Ramón Gallegos is a Mexican scientist, professor, and researcher at the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Her field of specialty is in biomedical sciences and nanobiotechnology. Her main line of research is the search for non-invasive treatments for the eradication of uterine cervical cancer produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV) using photodynamic therapies.

Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).

PDT is used in treating acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and herpes. It is used to treat malignant cancers, including head and neck, lung, bladder and skin.

Advantages lessen the need for delicate surgery and lengthy recuperation and minimal formation of scar tissue and disfigurement. A side effect is the associated photosensitisation of skin tissue.
Stefan Arndt
Stefan Arndt (born 1961) is a German film producer and managing partner of X Filme Creative Pool, which he started with fellow friends Tom Tykwer, Wolfgang Becker and Dani Levy. X Filme is one of Germany's most prosperous and famous production companies. Arndt produces many X Filme productions and acts as head manager of the company. He produced the films Cloud Atlas, Alone in Berlin and Frantz.

Frantz (film)
Frantz is a 2016 drama film directed and co-written by François Ozon and starring Paula Beer and Pierre Niney. It is about a young German woman whose fiancé has been killed in World War I and the French soldier who comes bearing a secret about her fiancé. It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival, where Beer won the Marcello Mastroianni Award. At the 42nd César Awards, Frantz was nominated in eleven categories, winning one for Best Cinematography.

Frantz is a loose adaptation of the 1932 Ernst Lubitsch film Broken Lullaby,  which in turn was based on Maurice Rostand's 1930 French play L'homme que j'ai tué.
2006 Pan American Men's Handball Championship
The 2006 Pan American Men's Handball Championship was the twelfth edition of the tournament, held in Aracaju, Brazil from 6 to 10 June 2006. It acted as the American qualifying tournament for the 2007 World Championship, where the top three placed team qualied.

Aracaju
Aracaju (Brazilian Portuguese: [aɾakaˈʒu]; English: /ˌærəkəˈʒuː/ ARR-ə-kə-ZHOO ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Sergipe, in northeastern Brazil, about 350 km (217 mi) north of Salvador. According to the 2020 estimate, the city has 664,908 inhabitants, which represents approximately 33% of the state population. Adding to the populations of the municipalities forming the Metropolitan area: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and São Cristóvão. Its Metropolitan Cathedral Nossa Senhora da Conceiçao, dedicated to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, is the archiepiscopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju.
Dani Shapiro
Dani Shapiro (born April 10, 1962) is an American writer, the author of six novels including Family History (2003), Black & White (2007) and Signal Fires (2022) and the memoirs Slow Motion (1998), Devotion (2010), Hourglass (2017), and Inheritance (2019). She has also written for magazines such as The New Yorker, The Oprah Magazine, Vogue, and Elle. In February 2019, she created a podcast on iHeartRadio called Family Secrets.

IHeartRadio
iHeartRadio (often shortened to iHeart) is the flagship brand of iHeartMedia, an American mass media company. First used in August 2008 to market Clear Channel Communications' freemium radio and music streaming service, the umbrella brand was progressively broadened to encompass Clear Channel's national radio network and other consumer-facing ventures, culminating with Clear Channel itself rebranding as iHeartMedia in 2014. Its main radio competitors are Audacy, TuneIn and Sirius XM.
History of Eastern Michigan University
Eastern Michigan University was founded in 1849 by the state of Michigan, and opened in 1853 as Michigan State Normal School. Michigan State Normal School was the first in Michigan and the first normal school created outside the original 13 colonies.

In 1899, the school became the Michigan State Normal College when it created the first four-year curriculum for a normal college in the nation. Normal began the twentieth century as Michigan's premier teacher-preparatory school and had become the first teacher-training school in the United States to have a four-year degree program.

With the additions of departments and the large educational enrollment after World War II, the school became Eastern Michigan College in 1956. In 1959 the school became Eastern Michigan University after establishing the Graduate School.

Today the university's total student population averages about 23,000, of whom roughly 5,000 are graduate students.

Central Michigan University
Central Michigan University (CMU, CMICH) is a public research university in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1892 as a private normal school and became a state institution in 1895. CMU is one of the eight research universities in Michigan and is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It has more than 14,000 students on its Mount Pleasant campus. CMU offers 200 academic programs at the undergraduate, master's, specialist, and doctoral levels. The Central Michigan Chippewas compete in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference in six men's and ten women's sports.
Gericke
Gericke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Gericke (born 1964), German politician

Frederick Gericke (born 1967), Keeper of Useless Knowledge, Jack of all Trades, born in Staten Island NY

Carla Gericke (born 1972), American writer, activist, and former lawyer born in South Africa

Hans Gericke (1912–2014), German architect and urban planner

Helmuth Gericke (1909–2007), German mathematician

Hermann Gericke (born 1931), Swiss swimmer

Lisa Sophie Gericke (born 1995), German bobsledder

Lothar Gericke (born 1950), German swimmer

Michael Gericke (born 1956), American graphic designer

Otto von Guericke (1602–1686), German scientist, inventor and politician whose name was spelled "Gericke" until 1666

Samuel Theodor Gericke (1665–1730), German painter

Shane Gericke, American novelist

Walter Gericke (1907–1991), German paratroop officer in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany

Wilhelm Gericke (1845–1925), Austrian-born conductor and composer

Hans Gericke
Hans Gericke (27 July 1912 – 15 February 2014) was a German architect and urban planner. From 1953 to 1958, he was the deputy director of the Institutes für Theorie und Geschichte der Baukunst for the Deutschen Bauakademie. In 1965, he became the chief architect of East Berlin, East Germany (now Berlin, Germany). For his work, he was awarded by many different organisations. He was born in Magdeburg, Province of Saxony, Prussia, German Empire.

Gericke died on 15 February 2014. He was 101 years old.
Aankhibhui
Aankhibhui is a village development committee in Sankhuwasabha District in the Kosi Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7019 people living in 1296 individual households. It was VDC with highest population in the district.

Kosi Zone
Kosi or Koshi (Nepali: कोसी अञ्चल, Nepali: कोशी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. The headquarters of Kosi Zone was Biratnagar which was also its largest city. Other cities of Kosi Zone were Inaruwa, Dharan, Dhankuta, Jhumka, Duhabi, Tarahara and Itahari. Its main rivers were Arun, Tamor and Sapta Koshi.
Cervantes, Ilocos Sur
Cervantes, officially the Municipality of Cervantes (Ilocano: Ili ti Cervantes; Filipino: Bayan ng Cervantes), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 20,065 people.

The municipality is officially the Summer Capital of Ilocos Sur. It has a relatively cooler climate than most of lowland Ilocos Sur due to its topography and proximity to Mountain Province and Benguet. The municipality is home to the Bessang Pass Natural Monument.

Benguet
Benguet (/bɛŋˈɡɛt/), officially the Province of Benguet (Ibaloi: Probinsya ne Benguet; Kankanaey: Probinsyan di Benguet; Pangasinan: Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Benguet; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Benguet), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad.

The highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines due to its huge production of upland vegetables.

Situated within the interior of Benguet is the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is administered independent from the province and also its largest city and regional center of Cordillera Administrative Region.
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
The Northwestern Congolian lowland forests (French: Forêts de plaine du nord-ouest du Congo) is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that spans Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and a minuscule part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It forms part of the larger Congolian rainforests region in Central Africa.  The region is noteworthy for very high levels of species richness and endemism.  It is home to a core population of the critically endangered Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).  There are also large populations of forest elephants.

Western lowland gorilla
The western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one of two Critically Endangered subspecies of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) that lives in montane, primary and secondary forest and lowland swampland in central Africa in Angola (Cabinda Province), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It is the nominate subspecies of the western gorilla, and the smallest of the four gorilla subspecies.

The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos with the exception of Amahoro, a female eastern lowland gorilla at Antwerp Zoo, and a few mountain gorillas kept captive in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Arindom Chatterjee
Arindom Chatterjee, also known by the mononym Arindom, is an Indian music director, singer, and composer noted for his work on Bengali movies. His 2012 debut movie, Bojhena Shey Bojhena, won Best Album of the Year. In addition to movies, Arindom has composed title tracks and music for scores of Bengali television, including Thik Jeno Love Story.

In May 2014, Arindom composed the official theme song, "Atlético De Kolkata" for the Indian Super League, Fatafati Football. In August 2019, East Bengal Football Club approached Arindom to compose their Centenary Anthem, the result of which is "Eksho Bochor Dhore," sung by Arijit Singh.

Mirchi Music Awards
Mirchi Music Awards are presented annually by Radio Mirchi to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Hindi language film music industry of India. The awards, given in seventeen different categories, were instituted to award the best of 2008. In 2010, the Southern edition of the awards – Mirchi Music Awards South was launched, to award the best of 2009. through which artists from the four South Indian film industries—Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam—are being honoured. In 2012, the Bengali edition of the awards – Mirchi Music Awards Bangla was launched, to award the best of 2011. The 2019 Mirchi Music Awards is co-powered by Smule, the world's largest music social network, and will have the winner of the Smule Mirchi Cover Star perform on stage at the event.
Turkish phonology
The phonology of Turkish deals with current phonology and phonetics, particularly of Istanbul Turkish. A notable feature of the phonology of Turkish is a system of vowel harmony that causes vowels in most words to be either front or back and either rounded or unrounded. Velar stop consonants have palatal allophones before front vowels.

Taw
Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic tāʾ ت‎, Aramaic taw 𐡕‎, Hebrew tav ת‎, Phoenician tāw 𐤕, and Syriac taw ܬ. In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ث ṯāʾ. Its original sound value is /t/. It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪉‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩩, and Geʽez ተ.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek tau (Τ), Latin T, and Cyrillic Т.
Riserva Naturale Pian di Spagna e Lago di Mezzola
The Riserva Naturale Pian di Spagna e Lago di Mezzola is a nature reserve in Lombardy, in northern Italy. The reserve consists of the Lago di Mezzola and the Pian di Spagna, the wetland area which separates it from Lake Como. It includes parts of the comuni of Sorico and Gera Lario in the province of Como, and of the comuni of Dubino, Verceia and Novate Mezzola in the province of Sondrio. It was established by Deliberazione del Consiglio Regionale III/1913, dated 6 February 1985, and has the EUAP reference code EUAP0326.

High water in the Pian di Spagna

Aerial view of the Pian di Spagna and Lake Como

Sorico
Sorico (Comasco: Suregh [ˈsuːrek]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,188 and an area of 23.3 square kilometres (9.0 sq mi).

The municipality of Sorico contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Albonico, Bugiallo, and Dascio.

Sorico borders the following municipalities: Dubino, Gera Lario, Montemezzo, Novate Mezzola, Samolaco, Verceia.
Central serous chorioretinopathy
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. When the disorder is active, it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula. This results in blurred or distorted vision (metamorphopsia). A blurred or gray spot in the central visual field is common when the retina is detached. Reduced visual acuity may persist after the fluid has disappeared.

The disease is considered of unknown cause. It mostly affects white males in the age group 20 to 50 (male:female ratio 6:1) and occasionally other groups. The condition is believed to be exacerbated by stress or corticosteroid use.

Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).

PDT is used in treating acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and herpes. It is used to treat malignant cancers, including head and neck, lung, bladder and skin.

Advantages lessen the need for delicate surgery and lengthy recuperation and minimal formation of scar tissue and disfigurement. A side effect is the associated photosensitisation of skin tissue.
Lucrezia (opera)
Lucrezia is an opera in one act and three tableaux by Ottorino Respighi to a libretto by Claudio Guastalla, after Livy and William Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece, itself based heavily on Ovid's Fasti. Respighi died before finishing the work, which was therefore completed by his wife, Elsa Respighi, and by one of his pupils, Ennio Porrino. Lucrezia premiered on 24 February 1937 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, in a production directed by Mario Frigerio with sets designed by Pietro Aschieri. The première had a good reception.

Lucrezia was much appreciated by the famous Italian musicologist Andrea Della Corte, who considered this opera as one of the best stage works of Respighi, thanks to the accomplished balance of expressivity and musical skill.  One of the distinctive features of Lucrezia is the presence of the Voice, a character that sings from within the orchestra and describes what is happening on the stage and the emotions of the other characters.

Ennio Porrino
Ennio Porrino (20 January 1910 – 25 September 1959) was an Italian composer and teacher. Amongst his compositions were orchestral works, an oratorio and several operas and ballets. His best known work is the symphonic poem Sardegna, a tribute to his native Sardinia, which premiered in Florence in 1933.
Sally Gross (choreographer)
Sally Gross (née Sarah Freiberg; August 3, 1933 – July 20, 2015) was an American postmodernist dancer.

Freiberg was a Lower East Side-born American dancer, choreographer and teacher of dance from her beginnings in the avant-garde NYC art world in the 1950s until her death. Later known as Sally Gross, she was a notable participant of the avant-garde dance group called the Judson Dance Theater during the 1960s. Gross died in Sag Harbor, New York on July 20, 2015, aged 81, from ovarian cancer.

Judson Dance Theater
Judson Dance Theater was a collective of dancers, composers, and visual artists who performed at the Judson Memorial Church in Greenwich Village, Manhattan New York City between 1962 and 1964. The artists involved were avant garde experimentalists who rejected the confines of Modern dance practice and theory, inventing as they did the precepts of Postmodern dance.
The Armstrong Lie
The Armstrong Lie is a 2013 American documentary film directed by Alex Gibney about the cyclist Lance Armstrong. Originally begun as a project titled The Road Back about Armstrong's return to competitive cycling in 2009, the film's subject shifted in light of renewed allegations of doping against Armstrong. The film's final title is the English translation of "Le Mensonge Armstrong", the title of the front-page article of the August 23, 2005, issue of the French sports newspaper L'Équipe.

The film was screened out of competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival, and in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.

70th Venice International Film Festival
The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 28 August to 7 September 2013, at Venice Lido in Italy.

Italian filmmaker Bernardo Bertolucci was the jury president for the main competition. He was previously the president of the jury at the 40th edition in 1983. Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival.

The Golden Lion was awarded to Sacro GRA by Gianfranco Rosi, marking the first documentary film to ever win it.

American filmmaker William Friedkin received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement during the festival.

The festival opened with Gravity by Alfonso Cuarón, and closed with Amazonia by Thierry Ragobert.
Wild Bunch (company)
Wild Bunch AG is a German film distribution company, originally created in 1979 as Senator Film Verleih GmbH, which later became Senator Entertainment AG. The name Wild Bunch comes from the French company Wild Bunch S.A., created in 2002, which became a subsidiary of Senator Entertainment in February 2015. Senator Entertainment AG renamed itself Wild Bunch AG in July 2015. Wild Bunch has distributed and sold films such as Land of the Dead (2005), Southland Tales (2006), Cassandra's Dream (2007), Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008), Che (2008), Whatever Works (2009), The King's Speech (2010), The Artist (2011), Titane  and Where Is Anne Frank (2021).

Wild Bunch was also formerly an international sales holding company, but they soon divested the division as an independent company in July 2019 as Wild Bunch International, which rebranded as Goodfellas in March 2023 following the expiration of the company's three-year pact to use the Wild Bunch name.

Where Is Anne Frank
Where Is Anne Frank is a 2021 animated magic realism film directed by Israeli director Ari Folman. The film follows Kitty, Anne Frank's imaginary friend to whom she addressed her diary, manifesting in contemporary Amsterdam. Seeking to learn what happened to her creator, Kitty attracts worldwide attention and interacts with undocumented immigrants.

Where Is Anne Frank was shown out of competition at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival on 9 July 2021. It was released in France on 8 December 2021 by Le Pacte, on 15 December 2021 in Belgium by Cinéart, on 16 March 2022 in Luxembourg, and on 30 March 2022 in the Netherlands.
Sohni Mahiwal (1984 film)
Sohni Mahiwal  (Russian: Легенда о любви, romanized: Legenda o lyubvi)  is a 1984 Indo-Soviet epic historical romance drama film  based on the Punjabi folk of love and tragedy of the same name, directed by Umesh Mehra (India) and Latif Faiziev (Soviet Union). It stars Sunny Deol, Poonam Dhillon and Zeenat Aman in pivotal roles.

The film Sohni Mahiwal is a historical romance drama that retells the classic Punjabi folk tragedy. The story was a collaboration between Indian and Soviet filmmakers. The film captured the tragic essence of this legendary folk tale, portraying the depth of lead characters’ love and the societal pressures that led to their heartbreaking demise.

The story of the film was written by Javed Siddiqui, Shanti Prakash Bakshi and Oʻlmas Umarbekov. The music was scored by Anu Malik. The film was a commercial success with a net collection of ₹7.2 crore.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Turk (nickname)
Turk or The Turk is a nickname for:

Turk Broda (1914–72), Canadian hockey player

Carolina Duer (born 1978), known as "The Turk", Argentine world champion boxer

Turk Edwards (1907–1973), American football player

Turk Farrell (1934–1977), American baseball player

Gerard Gallant (born September 2, 1963), nicknamed "Turk", Canadian ice hockey coach and former player

Turk Lown (1924–2016), American baseball player

Turk McBride (born 1985), American football player

Turk Murphy (1915–1987), American trombonist and bandleader

Derek Sanderson (born 1946), nicknamed "Turk", Canadian hockey player

Turk Wendell (born 1967), American baseball player

Raymond Westerling (1919–87), nicknamed "The Turk", Dutch officer who attempted a coup in Indonesia

Turk Farrell
Richard Joseph "Turk" Farrell (April 8, 1934 – June 10, 1977) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1956 to 1969, spending his entire 14-year MLB career in the National League (NL). He threw and batted right-handed. Farrell's son is former MLB pitcher Richard Dotson.