hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Irvin Perkins
Robert Irvin "Bob" Perkins (June 30, 1898 – October 29, 1992) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Nipawin from 1960 to 1964 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Owen Sound, Ontario, the son of Francis Albert Perkins and Annie Hewitson, and was educated in Sydenham, in Attica, Saskatchewan and in Lanigan. In 1925, he married Gladys Emma Burge. He was president of the Nipawin Rural Telephone Company and of the Codette Community Co-op Association. Perkins farmed near Codette, Saskatchewan. He was defeated by Frank Radloff when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1964. In 1975, he retired from farming and moved to Codette. In 1989, Perkins moved to Nipawin. He died at the age of 94 in 1992.

Owen Sound
Owen Sound (2021 Census population 21,612) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The seat of government of Grey County, it is located at the mouths of the Pottawatomi and Sydenham Rivers on an inlet of Georgian Bay.

The primary tourist attractions are the many waterfalls within a short drive of the town.
Adamka
Adamka [aˈdamka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) southwest of Zadzim, 18 km (11 mi) southwest of Poddębice, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Fire Lake
"Fire Lake" is a song written and recorded by the American musical artist Bob Seger. He had planned to record "Fire Lake" for his 1975 album Beautiful Loser, but the track was not finished. The song had been partly written years before, in 1971, and was finally finished in 1979 and released in 1980 on Seger's album Against the Wind. The single reached number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. A live version of the song appeared on the album Nine Tonight, released in 1981.

Against the Wind (album)
Against the Wind is the eleventh studio album by American rock singer Bob Seger and his third which credits the Silver Bullet Band.  Like many of his albums, about half of the tracks feature the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section as backing musicians.  It was released in February 1980.  It was Seger's only number-one album, spending six weeks at the top of the Billboard Top LPs chart, knocking Pink Floyd's The Wall from the top spot. Seger said that the album "is about trying to move ahead, keeping your sanity and integrity at the same time."
Cracking the Conspiracy
Cracking the Conspiracy is a point-and-click adventure game released by Pixel Shop Inc. in 1998. The game focuses on science fiction and political secrets. A possible Macintosh version was planned, but never came to development due to lack of demand and Mac hardware.

Autodesk 3ds Max
Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max, is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games and images. It is developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. It has modeling capabilities and a flexible plugin architecture and must be used on the Microsoft Windows platform. It is frequently used by video game developers, many TV commercial studios, and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie effects and movie pre-visualization. 3ds Max features shaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering), dynamic simulation, particle systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable user interface, and its own scripting language.
Ivar Svensson
Ivar Samuel "Iffa-Sven" Svensson (sometimes spelled Iwar Swensson; 7 November 1893 – 18 June 1934) was a Swedish football (soccer) player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He played as forward one match in the main tournament as well as one match in the consolation tournament. He scored two goals in the main tournament.

Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Matches
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics was the association football tournament that featured eleven teams, all from Europe. Four teams were drawn into eight groups of two where they each played once in a single-elimination format: the rest of the teams directly passed to the quarter-finals. Belgium withdrew shortly before the draw, while   France withdrew after the draw.

Great Britain won the competition. Denmark won silver and the Netherlands won bronze.
Lunigiana revolt
The Lunigiana revolt took place in January 1894, in the stone and marble quarries of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of Tuscany (Italy), in support of the Fasci Siciliani (Sicilian Leagues) uprising on Sicily. After a state of siege had been proclaimed by the Crispi government, armed bands dispersed into the mountains pursued by troops. Hundreds of insurgents were arrested and tried by military tribunals.

Massa, Tuscany
Massa  (Italian: [ˈmassa] ⓘ; Emilian: Masa) is a town and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, the administrative centre of the province of Massa and Carrara. It is located in the Frigido River Valley, near the Alpi Apuane, 5 km (3 mi) from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Martin Lambert
Martin Lambert (born 24 September 1965) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward.
He played four times for England U17s scoring two goals and twice for England Youths scoring three goals.

England national under-18 football team
England national under-18 football team, also known as England under-18s or England U18(s), represents England in association football at under-18 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

The team competed in the FIFA International Youth Tournament (later taken over by UEFA) and its successor, the UEFA European Under-18 Championship, and was often referred to as England Youth. After the tournament was renamed the European Under-18 Championship, England won twice more, in 1980 and 1993. In 1997, eligibility rules changed and the competition was rebranded as the UEFA European Under-19 Championship in 2001.

Nowadays, the under-18 banner is used for participation in international friendlies. The 2017 Toulon Tournament was also composed largely of under-18 players.
Voronina Nature Reserve
Voronina (Voroninsky) Nature Reserve (Russian: Воронинский заповедник) is a strict ecological reserve (a zapovednik) located in the valley of the Vorona River (the right tributary of the Khopyor River), in the forest-steppe zone of southwest Russia.  The Voroninsky Reserve protects riverine wetlands in the southeast of the Oka–Don Plain.  The reserve is situated in Kirsanovsky and Inzhavinsky districts of Tambov Oblast, about 100 km southeast of the city of Tambov.  It was created in 1994, and covers an area of 10,819 ha (41.77 sq mi).

Vorona (Khopyor)
The Vorona (Russian: Ворона) is a river in the Penza, Tambov, and Voronezh oblasts in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Khopyor, and is 454 kilometres (282 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 13,200 square kilometres (5,100 sq mi). The average discharge at the mouth is 41.5 cubic metres per second (1,470 cu ft/s). The river is frozen over from the beginning of December to the first half of April. Its main tributary is the Chembar.

The towns of Kirsanov, Uvarovo, and Borisoglebsk are along the Vorona.
Arthur Cunningham
Arthur Cunningham (November 11, 1928, Piermont, New York – March 31, 1997, Nyack, New York) was an American composer and educator. His students included singer Kate Davidson, producer/engineer Peter Francovilla, pianist John Ellis, and Berklee Press editor-in-chief Jonathan Feist.

Nyack, New York
Nyack (English pronunciation: /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ) is a village primarily located in the town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York, United States. Incorporated in 1872, a small western section of the village lies in Clarkstown. The population was 7,265 at the time of the 2020 census. It is a suburb of New York City approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the Manhattan boundary on the west bank of the Hudson River, north of South Nyack, east of Central Nyack, south of Upper Nyack, and southeast of Valley Cottage.
2024 Martyr's Memorial C-Division League
The 2024 Martyr's Memorial C-Division League, marking the 2024 (2080/81 BS) edition, kicked off on 4 April 2024, bringing competitive football back after a two-year break. In the previous season held in 2022, Jhapa Football Club claimed victory, securing their promotion to the 2025 B Division, while Planning Boyz United followed closely as runners-up, earning their place alongside them.

Martyr's Memorial C-Division League
Martyr's Memorial C-Division League (Nepali: शहीद स्मारक सि डिभिजन लीग) is the third tier association football league of Nepali football league system after the Martyr's Memorial A-Division League and the Martyr's Memorial B-Division League. It is run by the All Nepal Football Association.
Castore-class gunboat
The Italian Castore-class gunboats, Castore and Polluce, were a class of two Rendel gunboats, designed and built by Sir W G Armstrong Mitchell & Co.'s Elswick Works in the late 1880s to a contract by the Italian War Ministry. Designed by Philip Watts and Herbert Rowell, and constructed in Elswick's Tyneside yard in the United Kingdom, the two gunboats were disassembled and shipped to Italy for reassembly in the Armstrong facility at Pozzuoli, proving to be the only ships constructed there after the Italian government cancelled the shipyard project. It is uncertain whether the vessels were designed as testbeds for heavy guns, or were intended from the outset as operational gunboats.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Laura Peel
Laura Peel (born 29 September 1989) is an Australian freestyle skier. She is a two time World Champion (2015, 2021) and has won three World Cup titles (2020, 2021, 2025) in the women's aerials discipline. She competed at the 2014, 2018, and 2022 Winter Olympics, where she placed seventh, fifth and fifth respectively. She qualified to appear at her fourth consecutive Winter Olympic Games in 2026, before withdrawing due to injury.

She competed at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2011 in Utah, and at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2013 in Voss. At the 2015 World Championships she won her first world title.

2019–20 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The 2019/20 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup was a World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 6 September 2019 and finished on 8 March 2020. This season include six disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air.
L. de S. A. Gunasekera
Lionel de Silva Abeyweera Gunasekera (18 April 1933 – 15 May 2009) was a Ceylonese school teacher and politician.

Having started his career as a clerk, he became an English language teacher, he was elected to parliament from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the July 1960 general election from Kalawana defeating incumbent Abeyratne Pilapitiya. He was the father of fourteen children.

Kalawana Electoral District
Kalawana electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kalawana in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kalawana electoral district was replaced by the Ratnapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.
Grodno Aviakompania Flight 1252
Grodno Aviakompania Flight 1252 was a flight from Yakutsk to Irkutsk with a stopover at Ugolny. On November 3rd, 2021, the Antonov An-12 crashed while attempting a go-around at Irkutsk. All 9 people on board were killed. This is the first and only accident for Grodno Aviakompania.

Interstate Aviation Committee
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC; Russian: Межгосударственный авиационный комитет, МАК) is an executive body of the  Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and was formed in 1991 according to the Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Multilateral Agreement, signed on 25 December 1991.
Maulvi Abdul Karim
Maulvi Abdul Karim is an Afghan leader of the Taliban militant organization and currently the Deputy Minister of Justice since 14 March 2022. Karim has also been a member of the Taliban negotiating team in Qatar office.

In June 2011, shortly before being executed, teenage terrorist Zar Ajam confessed to have received training from Karim while he resided in North Waziristan, Pakistan.

Karim is from Herat province. He is considered a close associate of Mullah Baradar.

Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan)
Current and past governments of Afghanistan have included a Minister of Justice (Dari: وزارت عدلیه افغانستان, Pashto: د افغانستان د عدلیې وزارت) in the Afghan cabinet.

The Ministry of Justice of Afghanistan assumes responsibilities such as drafting and reviewing laws and decrees of the president, raising public awareness of legal topics, managing affairs relating to legal aid, and printing and disseminating legislative documents. In 1967, the Ministry of Justice was combined with the Attorney General's Office. By 1977, the Ministry of Justice took over the functions of the Chief Justice.
Pearl Diver
Pearl Diver (1944–1971) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.  In a career which lasted from 1946 and 1948 he ran thirteen times and won four races. His most notable achievement came in 1947, when he became the first French-trained horse to win The Derby since Durbar in 1914.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Open Sound System
The Open Sound System (OSS) is an interface for making and capturing sound in Unix and Unix-like operating systems.  It is based on standard Unix devices system calls (i.e. POSIX read, write, ioctl, etc.). The term also sometimes refers to the software in a Unix kernel that provides the OSS interface; it can be thought of as a device driver (or a collection of device drivers) for sound controller hardware. The goal of OSS is to allow the writing of sound-based applications that are agnostic of the underlying sound hardware.

OSS was created by Hannu Savolainen and is distributed under four license options, three of which are free software licences, thus making OSS free software.

Multi-licensing
Multi-licensing is the practice of distributing software under two or more different sets of terms and conditions.  This may mean multiple different software licenses or sets of licenses.  Prefixes may be used to indicate the number of licenses used, e.g. dual-licensed for software licensed under two different licenses.

When software is multi-licensed, recipients can typically choose the terms under which they want to use or distribute the software, but the simple presence of multiple licenses in a software package or library does not necessarily indicate that the recipient can freely choose one or the other. In some cases, especially when the software has multiple origins, all the accompanied licenses apply at the same time. The applicability of the different licenses has to be individually checked. The distributor may or may not apply a fee to either option.  The two usual motivations for multi-licensing are license compatibility and market segregation based business models.
Prinsenhof, Ghent
The Prinsenhof (Dutch; literally "Princes' Court") or Hof ten Walle was a historic building in Ghent, East Flanders in Belgium. It served as the official residence of the Counts of Flanders from the 15th century after the Gravensteen fell into disuse, having previously been the home of the financier Simon de Mirabello. It was completely rebuilt by Louis II, Count of Flanders and became the residence of Philip the Handsome and Joanna of Castile. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor was born there in 1500, who then used it as his residence in the city, calling the States General of the Netherlands to sit in the castle in 1517 and 1521. Today only the postern gate survives.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Marcel Dekker
Marcel Dekker was a journal and encyclopedia publishing company with editorial boards found in New York City. Dekker encyclopedias are now published by CRC Press, part of the Taylor and Francis publishing group.

CRC Press
The CRC Press is a publishing imprint principally for technical books. Many of its books are related to engineering, science and mathematics. Its scope also includes books on business, forensics and information technology. In 2003 the imprint was acquired by Taylor & Francis, a subsidiary of Informa. The CRC Press and Routledge imprints are key components of Taylor & Francis's academic publishing. As of 2025, the branding of CRC Press presents it as part of the Routledge branding.
Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L
Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L, sometimes known as Soyuz T-10a or Soyuz T-10-1, was an unsuccessful Soyuz mission intended to visit the Salyut 7 space station, which was occupied by the Soyuz T-9 crew. However, it never finished its launch countdown; the launch vehicle was destroyed on the launch pad by fire on 26 September 1983. The launch escape system of the Soyuz spacecraft fired six seconds before the launch vehicle exploded, saving the crew. This is the only time a launch escape system has been fired before launch with a crew aboard.

The Soyuz T-10-1 explosion would also remain the only instance of a Russian crewed booster accident in 35 years, until the Soyuz MS-10 flight aborted shortly after launch on 11 October 2018 due to a failure of the Soyuz-FG launch vehicle boosters.

Soyuz programme
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes.

The programme consists of the Soyuz capsule and the Soyuz rocket and is now the responsibility of Roscosmos. After the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, the Soyuz was the only way for humans to get to the International Space Station (ISS) until 30 May 2020 when Crew Dragon flew to the ISS for the first time with astronauts.
Peruvian eagle ray
The Peruvian eagle ray (Myliobatis peruvianus) is a species of fish in the family Myliobatidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean off Chile and Peru. It can be differentiated from the similar Chilean eagle ray (M. chilensis) by color and rostral fin form. The ray has not been extensively studied, and is ranked as Data Deficient by the IUCN. It has been recorded only in the open ocean, but is considered likely to be a benthic feeder. It is thought by scientists to be similar to other myliobatids in terms of biology, habits, and threats.

Data deficient
A data deficient (DD) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation.
The Old Bank of England
The Old Bank of England is a public house at 194 Fleet Street, where the City of London meets the City of Westminster.

It was constructed on a corner site in 1886 by Sir Arthur Blomfield in a grand Italianate style, the interior having three large chandeliers with a detailed plaster ceiling. It is a Grade II listed building.

The building was occupied by the Law Courts branch of the Bank of England from 1888 to 1975 before it was refurbished and put to its current use in 1994. The vaults beneath the pub once contained gold bullion, and are said to have held the Crown Jewels for a period as well. The pub is close to where the fictional Sweeney Todd is said to have plied his trade.

The pub is currently operated by McMullen's Brewery.

Royal Courts of Justice
The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a court building in Westminster which houses the High Court and Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The High Court also sits on circuit and in other major cities. Designed by George Edmund Street, who died before it was completed, it is a large grey stone edifice in the Victorian Gothic Revival style built in the 1870s and opened by Queen Victoria in 1882. It is one of the largest courts in Europe. It is a Grade I listed building.

It is located on the Strand within the City of Westminster, near the boundary with the City of London (Temple Bar). It is surrounded by the four Inns of Court, St Clement Danes church, the Australian High Commission, King's College London and the London School of Economics. The nearest London Underground stations are Chancery Lane and Temple.
Intermetatarsal joints
The intermetatarsal joints are the articulations between the base of metatarsal bones.

The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb.

The bases of the other four metatarsals are connected by the dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments.

The dorsal ligaments pass transversely between the dorsal surfaces of the bases of the adjacent metatarsal bones.

The plantar ligaments have a similar arrangement to the dorsal.

The interosseous ligaments consist of strong transverse fibers which connect the rough non-articular portions of the adjacent surfaces.

Dorsal ligament
Dorsal ligament can refer to:

Dorsal radioulnar ligament

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament

Dorsal intercarpal ligament

Dorsal intercuneiform ligaments

Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments

Dorsal metatarsal ligaments