hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Propaganda and censorship in Italy during the First World War
In Italy as in other countries the outbreak of the First World War created new opportunities and channels for propaganda. The unusual circumstances of Italy’s entry into the war meant that the government played no active role in propaganda work during the early years of the war. Public opinion was served by a pro-war nationalist press that avoided the unpleasant details of life on the front, while the army regarded discipline as more important than morale, leaving soldiers’ welfare to the Church. The momentous Italian defeat at Caporetto saw an end to this laissez-faire approach and the beginnings of a more centralised and managed effort to motivate the public and the army to the national cause.

Antonio Salandra
Antonio Salandra (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo saˈlandra]; 13 August 1853 – 9 December 1931) was a conservative Italian politician, journalist, and writer who served as the 21st prime minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. He ensured the entry of Italy in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente (the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire) to fulfil Italy's irredentist claims.
Hartridge
Hartridge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Hartridge (born 1999), English footballer

Algernon Hartridge (1831–1876), American cotton merchant and Confederate veteran

Emily Hartridge (1984–2019), English YouTuber and television presenter

Hamilton Hartridge (1886–1976), British eye physiologist and medical writer

Julian Hartridge (1829–1879), American politician

Ron Hartridge (1919–1973), Australian rules footballer

Walter Charlton Hartridge Jr. (1914–1974), American preservationist

Hamilton Hartridge
Hamilton Hartridge FRS (7 May 1886 – 13 January 1976) was a British eye physiologist and medical writer. Known for his ingenious experimentation and instrument construction abilities, he designed what is called the Hartridge Reversion Spectrometer. This was used for pioneering studies on haemoglobin oxygen-binding studies.
Osodobenus
Osodobenus  is an extinct genus of walrus from the Miocene to Pliocene of California. Osodobenus may have been the first tusked walrus and shows several adaptations that suggest it was a suction feeder, possibly even a benthic feeder like modern species. Three skulls are known showing pronounced sexual dimorphism, with the female lacking the same tusks as the male. Only a single species, Osodobenus eodon, is currently recognized.

Infraorbital foramen
In human anatomy, the infraorbital foramen is one of two small holes in the skull's upper jawbone (maxillary bone), located below the eye socket and to the left and right of the nose. Both holes are used for blood vessels and nerves. In anatomical terms, it is located below the infraorbital margin of the orbit. It transmits the infraorbital artery and vein, and the infraorbital nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve.  It is typically 6.10 to 10.9 mm (0.240 to 0.429 in) from the infraorbital margin.
Khoh
Khoh, also known as Khogong, was the capital of the kingdom of Amber which was located in the Dhundhar region of Rajputana. Which was located just five miles to the east of Jaipur city and was ruled by the Chanda clan of Meenas. Rao Chandrasen Chanda abandoned Mahishmati city and established a kingdom here. It was the capital of the Chandas till the 11th century and of the Kachhawahas from the 11th to the 13th century.

Meena
Meena (pronounced [miːɳa]) is a tribe from northern and western India which is sometimes considered a sub-group of the Bhil community. It used to be claimed they speak Mina language, a 
spurious language. Its name is also transliterated as Meenanda or Mina. They got the status of Scheduled Tribe by the Government of India in 1954.
2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of senior international figure skating competitions in the 2012–13 season. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final, held in Sochi, Russia.

Organized by the International Skating Union, the Grand Prix series ran from October 13 – December 9, 2012. Skaters competed for medals, prize money, and a chance to compete in the Grand Prix Final. The series set the stage for the 2013 European, Four Continents, and World Championships, as well as each country's national championships.

The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix.

2013 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season. The competition was held from 23 to 27 January 2013 at the Dom Sportova in Zagreb, Croatia. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Shin-Sendai Thermal Power Station
Shin-Sendai Thermal Power Station (新仙台火力発電所, Shin-Sendai Karyoku Hatsudensho) is an LNG-fired thermal power station operated by Tohoku Electric in Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The facility is located on the Pacific coast near the Port of Sendai.

Tohoku Electric Power
Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. (東北電力株式会社, Tōhoku Denryoku Kabushiki Gaisha) is an electric utility, servicing 7.6 million individual and corporate customers in six prefectures in Tōhoku region plus Niigata Prefecture. It provides electricity at 100 V, 50 Hz, though some areas use 60 Hz.

Tohoku Electric Power is the fourth-largest electric utility in Japan in terms of revenue, behind TEPCO, KEPCO and Chubu Electric Power.
Marc-Marie Huijbregts
Marc-Marie Huijbregts (born 21 December 1964) is a Dutch comedian, actor and television presenter. He is known for his cabaret shows and as co-host of the television show De Wereld Draait Door. He is also known as jury member in the Flemish quiz show De Slimste Mens ter Wereld.

Baantjer
Baantjer is a Dutch television programme which was broadcast by RTL 4 from 6 October 1995 until 1 December 2006 for a total of 123 episodes in 12 seasons. It stars Piet Römer as Jurriaan 'Jurre' de Cock, a police detective, and Victor Reinier as Dick Vledder, his helper. The series is based on the novels of writer A. C. Baantjer.

In 1999, RTL 4 broadcast the television film Baantjer, de film: De Cock en de wraak zonder einde because of the tenth anniversary of the network.

In 2018, it was announced by RTL that the series would be revived for a thirteenth season and a film, starring Waldemar Torenstra, that would be aired on RTL 4 and Videoland. The film Amsterdam Vice (Baantjer: Het Begin) won the Golden Film award two weeks after its premiere on 18 April 2019.
Jorhat Engineering College
Jorhat Engineering College founded in 1960 by the Government of Assam, is a government engineering college in Assam, northeast India. The college, affiliated with Assam Science and Technology University, is accredited by the All India Council for Technical Education. It has five four-year undergraduate programs: Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Instrumentation and Mechanical Engineering. It also offers master's courses in Computer Application (MCA), Civil Engineering (Design of Civil Engineering Structures) Electrical Engineering (Instrumentation and control engineering). It also offers PhD courses.

Government of Assam
The Government of Assam or Assam Government abbreviated as GoAS, is the state government of  the Indian state of Assam. It consists of the Governor appointed by the President of India as the head of the state, currently Lakshman Prasad Acharya. The head of government is the Chief Minister, currently Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, who is the leader of the group that commands a majority in the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly. The Assam Assembly is elected by universal adult suffrage for a period of five years. The Chief Minister is assisted by a Council of Ministers that he nominates, the size of which is restricted.

In 2021, the National Democratic Alliance won a majority of seats in the legislature, with 75 seats, followed by Congress with 29 seats and AIUDF with 16.
Hanuš of Lipá
Hanuš of Lipá (died 1415) was a Bohemian nobleman and military leader. He was acting lord of Rataje nad Sázavou before the heir Jan Ptáček of Pirkstein came of age, and was appointed Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia shortly before his death.

Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia
The Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: Nejvyšší maršálek; German: Oberstlandmarschall) was the third most important Czech provincial official. They were the head of the Bohemian Diet. Originally, the office was common in both Bohemia and Moravia, but after 1625, it was limited to Bohemia proper. The office existed from the 13th century until 1913.

Originally, the supreme marshal was a court official, but gradually the office became a professional function. It was in the holders capacity to decide on the honorary affairs of the lord's state. The supreme marshal was the third most important official of the Kingdom of Bohemia, in the Margraviate of Moravia he was the second most important after the governor. From the beginning of the 14th century, the office was inherited in the family of the lords of Lipá, who lost it after the Battle of White Mountain.
Abbotsdale
Abbotsdale is a settlement in West Coast District Municipality Swartland Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Here in around 1854 the Abbotsdale Mission was founded  on a 1600 acre farm purchased by Bishop Gray of the Anglican Church.

West Coast District Municipality
The West Coast District Municipality (Afrikaans: Weskus-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili 
soNxweme oluseNtshona) is a district municipality located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its municipality code is DC1. Moorreesburg is the seat of the district. As of 2011, it had a total population of 391,766.
Corrinoid
Corrinoids are a group of compounds based on the skeleton of corrin, a cyclic system containing four pyrrole rings similar to porphyrins. These include compounds based on octadehydrocorrin, which has the trivial name corrole.

The cobalamins (vitamin B12) are the best known members of the group.  Other prominent examples include cobyrinic acid and its hexaamide cobyric acid; cobinic acid and its hexaamide cobinamide; cobamic acid and cobamide.

Compounds containing the "Cob-" prefix (not corrin) are cobalt derivatives, and may include an oxidation state, as in "Cob(II)alamin".  When cobalt is replaced by another metal or hydrogen, the name changes accordingly, as in ferrobamic acid or hydrogenobamic acid.

Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/ˈpɔːrfərɪns/ POR-fər-ins) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis.

The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons the porphyrin ring structure is a coordinated aromatic system. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives from Greek  πορφύρα (porphyra) 'purple'.
2018–19 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team represented Vanderbilt University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were coached by Bryce Drew in his third season at Vanderbilt. The Commodores played their home games at Memorial Gymnasium in Nashville, Tennessee as members of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 9–23, 0–18 to finish in last place in SEC play. They were the first SEC team to go winless in a season since the 1954 Georgia Tech team, and the first team ever in the 18-game conference schedule. They lost in the first round of the SEC tournament to Texas A&M.

On March 22, 2019, the school fired Drew as head coach after three years in Nashville. On April 5, the school hired former NBA player and NBA assistant coach Jerry Stackhouse as head coach.

2018–19 Southeastern Conference men's basketball season
The 2018–19 Southeastern Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2018, followed by the start of the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2019 and will end in March, after which 14 member teams will participate in the 2019 SEC tournament at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee. The tournament champion is guaranteed a selection to the 2019 NCAA tournament.
Beijing–Zhengzhou high-speed train
The Beijing–Zhengzhou high-speed train (京郑高速动车组列车) are high-speed train services between Beijing and Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. Most of the trains are operated by CR Zhengzhou while some are operated by CR Beijing and CR Nanchang.

Beijing–Guangzhou railway
The Beijing–Guangzhou railway or Jingguang railway (simplified Chinese: 京广铁路; traditional Chinese: 京廣鐵路; pinyin: Jīngguǎng tiělù) is a major trunk railway that connects Beijing in the north with Guangzhou in the south. This double-track electrified line has a total length of 2,324 kilometres (1,444 miles) and spans five provinces through north, central and south China. The line passes through the capitals of each of them: Shijiazhuang (Hebei), Zhengzhou (Henan), Wuhan (Hubei), Changsha (Hunan) and Guangzhou (Guangdong). The line's two terminals are the Beijing West railway station and the Guangzhou railway station.

Due to abundance of large and medium-sized cities on its route, this railway is widely recognized as the most important conventional railway line in China.
Scaled and Icy
Scaled and Icy is the sixth studio album by the American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on May 21, 2021, through Fueled by Ramen and Elektra. Its title is a play on "scaled back and isolated", a phrase frontman Tyler Joseph associated with music produced during the COVID-19 pandemic, though the title is also an anagram of "Clancy is dead", a reference to the protagonist of the duo's previous studio album, Trench (2018). The album received generally positive reviews from critics.

A livestream album version of Scaled and Icy which contains both the standard track listing as well as exclusive livestream version tracks originating from the associated "Livestream Experience" was released on November 19, five days before the release of the album's fourth and final single The Outside.

Dead Poetic
Dead Poetic was an American rock band formed in Dayton, Ohio in 1997. Their most recent lineup consisted of vocalist Brandon Rike, guitarist Zach Miles, and drummer Jesse Sprinkle. They released three albums and a greatest hits album, The Finest, on Tooth & Nail Records. The band lapsed into inactivity in 2007 due to internal strife and inability to tour, and in 2015 Rike stated that the band has no plans to reform or record a fourth album.
Água e Luz
Água e Luz (Water and Light) is an album by the Brazilian singer Joyce, that was released on the Odeon label in 1981.

Like Feminina from the previous year, this recording features an all-star line up of Brazilian musicians, including the accordionist Sivuca on Samba de Gago. The track Monsieur Binot achieved chart success in Brazil. Agua e luz and Feminina are often released together on one CD.

Sivuca
Severino Dias de Oliveira (May 26, 1930 – December 14, 2006), known professionally as Sivuca, was a Brazilian accordionist, guitarist and singer. In addition to his home state of Paraíba, Brazil, and cities Recife and Rio de Janeiro, he worked and lived in Paris, Lisbon, and New York City intermittently.  He has two daughters, Wilma Da Silva and Flavia de Oliveira Barreto.

He worked with Scandinavian jazz musicians in the 1980s. His most famous songs are "João e Maria" with lyrics by Chico Buarque and "Feira de Mangaio", named after the artisan markets of northeast Brazil. He used makeshift instruments alongside conventional ones and combined traditional regional styles such as forró and choro with jazz, bossa nova, and classical music. Sivuca and Hermeto Pascoal, both versatile multi-instrumentalists with albinism, worked together and are sometimes confused with each other.
Arjun Gowda
Arjun Gowda is a 2021 Indian Kannada-language crime action film written and directed by Lucky Shankar, making his debut. It features Prajwal Devaraj and Priyanka Thimmesh in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes Sparsha Rekha, Rahul Dev, and Sadhu Kokila. The score and soundtrack for the film is by Dharma Vish and the cinematography is by Jai Anand. The film marked producer Ramu's last film as a producer before his death in April 2021.

Rahul Dev
Rahul Dev Kaushal (born 27 September 1968) is an Indian actor and former model who predominantly works in Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali and Odia language films He also participated in Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10) and was evicted on day 63.
Palazzo Mocenigo, Este
The Palazzo Mocenigo is an aristocratic residence built on the foundations of the Carrara castle in Este, province of Padua, region of Veneto, Italy.

The palace was erected by the Venetian patrician of the Mocenigo family in the 16th century. The facade was built atop the foundations of the wall of the 14th-century Carrara castle, built when they were lords of Este. Originally, the palace was twice the size but one wing was destroyed by fire in 1785. The present palace is occupied by the Museo Nazionale Atestino. Only three rooms in Piano Nobile contain original frescoes from the 17th century, attributed to Giulio Carpioni.

Piano nobile
Piano nobile (Italian for "noble floor" or "noble level", also sometimes referred to by the corresponding French term, bel étage 'beautiful storey') is the architectural term for the principal floor of a palazzo. This floor contains the main reception and bedrooms of the house.

The German term is Beletage (from the French). Both date to the 17th century.
Ugolini
Ugolini is an Italian surname, derived from the given name Ugolino. Notable people with the surname include:

Agostino Ugolini (1758–1824), Italian painter

Ascanio Ugolini (died 1660), Italian Roman Catholic prelate

Augusto Ugolini (1887–1977), Italian army officer

Gérard Ugolini (born 1949), French athlete

Giovanni Francesco Ugolini (born 1953), Sammarinese politician

Loredano Ugolini (born 1927), Italian comic artist and illustrator

Luigi Ugolini (1891–1980), Italian writer

Luigi Maria Ugolini (1895–1936), Italian archaeologist

Massimo Andrea Ugolini (born 1978), Sammarinese politician

Rolando Ugolini (1924–2014), Italian-British footballer

Stefano Ugolini (died 1681), Italian Roman Catholic prelate

Vincenzo Ugolini (1578–1638), Italian composer

Massimo Andrea Ugolini
Massimo Andrea Ugolini (born 26 July 1978) is a politician who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino (alongside Gian Nicola Berti). He was in office from 1 April 2016 to 1 October 2016 and is a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party.
Proton pump
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyzes the following reaction:

H+[on one side of a biological membrane] + energy  ⇌ H+[on the other side of the membrane]

Mechanisms are based on energy-induced conformational changes of the protein structure, or on the Q cycle.

During evolution, proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions. Thus, not only throughout nature, but also within single cells, different proton pumps that are evolutionarily unrelated can be found. Proton pumps are divided into different major classes of pumps that use different sources of energy, exhibiting different polypeptide compositions and evolutionary origins.

Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes.
Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena
Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena (Norwegian: Kanthaugen Freestyleanlegg) is a freestyle skiing stadium located in the hillside area of Kanthaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. Opened in 1992, it was built for the 1994 Winter Olympics. The venue consists of three hills—one each for aerials, moguls and ski ballet. The moguls hill has a capacity for 12,000 spectators while the other two have a 15,000-person capacity. The arena is designated as Norway's national venue for freestyle skiing. It hosted the FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup in 1993 and 1995, and freestyle skiing and snowboarding at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics. The arena is owned by Lillehammer Olympiapark and is located adjacent to the ski jumping hill Lysgårdsbakken.

Mogul skiing
Mogul skiing, commonly shortened to moguls, is a freestyle skiing competition consisting of one timed run of free skiing on a steep, bumpy course, stressing technical turns, aerial maneuvers and speed. Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and at the Winter Olympic Games.

Moguls are a series of bumps on a piste formed when skiers push snow into mounds as they do sharp turns. This tends to happen naturally as skiers use the slope but they can also be constructed artificially. Once formed, a naturally occurring mogul tends to grow as skiers follow similar paths around it, further deepening the surrounding grooves known as troughs. Since skiing tends to be a series of linked turns, moguls form together to create a bump field.

The term mogul is from the Bavarian/Austrian German word Mugel, meaning 'mound, hillock'.
Taylor-Massey Creek
Taylor-Massey Creek is a tributary of the Don River in Toronto, Ontario. It flows through Scarborough and East York, where it enters the Don River. Taylor-Massey Creek has also been called Silver Creek and Scarboro Creek.

The creek is named after two prominent Toronto families. The Taylors were a wealthy family that owned and operated the Don Valley Brick Works. The Massey family owned the Massey-Harris farm equipment manufacturing company. Both families had sizable estates in the vicinity of the creek. The Massey Goulding Estate, a historic property at 305 Dawes Road, was originally part of the Massey estate and is now used as the Children's Peace Theatre. The mansion was built in 1921 for Dr. Arthur Goulding and his wife, Dorothy Massey, daughter of Walter and Susan Massey.

Massey Ferguson
Massey Ferguson is an agricultural machinery manufacturer, established in 1953 through the merger of farm equipment makers Massey-Harris of Canada and the Ferguson Company of Ireland. It was based in Coventry then moved to Beauvais in 2003 when the Coventry factory was shut down.