hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Spaulding Dam
Lake Spaulding Dam (National ID # CA00358) is a dam in Nevada County, California.

Owned and operated by Pacific Gas & Electric for hydroelectric power generation, the 275-foot (84 m)-high dam was designed by John R. Freeman and completed in 1913 (1913).

It impounds the South Fork of the Yuba River, which originates near Donner Pass.  At the time of construction it was the highest dam in California, and one of ten PG&E hydroelectric facilities.  A temporary camp called Camp Spaulding, California was established to house workers on the dam during its construction.

Lake Spaulding, the reservoir created by the dam, has a capacity of 74,773 acre-feet (92,231,000 m3) and supports recreational camping, boating, fishing, and underwater diving.

Donner Pass
Donner Pass is a 7,056-foot-high (2,151 m) mountain pass in the northern Sierra Nevada, above Donner Lake and Donner Memorial State Park about 9 miles (14 km) west of Truckee, California. Like the Sierra Nevada itself, the pass has a steep approach from the east and a gradual approach from the west.

The pass has been used by the California Trail, First transcontinental railroad, Overland Route, Lincoln Highway and Victory Highway (both later U.S. Route 40 and still later Donner Pass Road), as well as indirectly by Interstate 80. The pass gets its name from the ill-fated Donner Party who overwintered there in 1846.

Today, the area is home to a thriving recreational community with several alpine lakes and ski resorts (Donner Ski Ranch, Boreal, and Sugar Bowl). The permanent communities in the area include Kingvale and Soda Springs, as well as the larger community below the pass surrounding Donner Lake.
Marlin (firmware)
Marlin is open source firmware originally designed for RepRap project FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printers using the Arduino platform.

Marlin supports many different types of 3D printing robot platforms, including basic Cartesian, Core XY, Delta, and SCARA printers, as well as some other less conventional designs like Hangprinter and Beltprinter. In addition to 3D printers, Marlin is generally adaptable to any machine requiring control and interaction. It has been used to drive SLA and SLS 3D printers, custom CNC mills, laser engravers (or laser beam machining), laser cutters, vinyl cutters, pick-and-place machines, foam cutters, and egg painting robots.

CoreXY
CoreXY is a technique used to move the printhead of a 3D printer or the toolhead in CNC machines in the horizontal plane. The advantage of this technique is that the two motors used to perform the movement in the horizontal plane are stationary and do not have to move themselves, which can result in less moving mass. Instead, drive belts are used which are connected in an intricate way to provide movement in a Cartesian coordinate system. Compared to conventional Cartesian coordinate 3D printers for fused filament, it can provide increased printing speed due to less moving mass.
System of equations
In mathematics, a set of simultaneous equations, also known as a system of equations or an equation system, is a finite set of equations for which common solutions are sought. An equation system is usually classified in the same manner as single equations, namely as a:

System of linear equations,

System of nonlinear equations,

System of bilinear equations,

System of polynomial equations,

System of differential equations, or a

System of difference equations

Matrix difference equation
A matrix difference equation is a difference equation in which the value of a vector (or sometimes, a matrix) of variables at one point in time is related to its own value at one or more previous points in time, using matrices. The order of the equation is the maximum time gap between any two indicated values of the variable vector.  For example,

is an example of a second-order matrix difference equation, in which x is an n × 1 vector of variables and A and B are n × n matrices.  This equation is homogeneous because there is no vector constant term added to the end of the equation.  The same equation might also be written as

or as

The most commonly encountered matrix difference equations are first-order.
Kazan Wildland Provincial Park
Kazan Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park in northern Alberta, Canada. It was established on 14 May 2018 and is a large park with an area of 659,397 hectares (2,546 mi2). This park contains large lakes, sand deposits, wetlands and bedrock outcrops. It is reported to contain rare plants within its unique south facing grasslands.

As of January 2023, Kazan is the largest park under Alberta provincial authority (Banff, Jasper, and Wood Buffalo National Parks are larger but are under federal authority). The park was initiated by and is contained in the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan Land Use Framework in August 2012. Two smaller parks, La Butte Creek and Colin-Cornwall Lakes Wildland Provincial Parks, were disestablished and incorporated into Kazan.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Nazar Chepurnyi
Nazar Vyacheslavovich Chepurnyi (Ukrainian: Назар Вячеславович Чепурний; born 3 September 2002) is a Ukrainian artistic gymnast. He represented Ukraine at the 2024 Summer Olympics. He claimed the bronze medal on vault at both the 2023 and the 2025 World Championships. He was part of the gold medal winning team at the 2024 European Championships and the silver medal winning team at the 2019 Junior World Championships. Individually on vault he also is the 2021 World University Games champion, 2018 Youth Olympic silver medalist, and the 2024 European bronze medalist. Additionally he is the 2019 Junior World champion on horizontal bar.

Ukraine at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Ukraine competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. It was the nation's eighth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era and the first since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A total of 140 athletes competed amid the Russian invasion, the lowest number in the history of Ukraine's participation in the games.

Ukraine won 12 medals including 3 golds, their second worst Summer Olympic performance (behind 2016). Despite this, the haul of 3 gold medals was Ukraine's highest since 2012, when they obtained 5.
Frøya (island)
Frøya is an island in Frøya Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The 152-square-kilometre (59 sq mi) island makes up about 63% of the land area of Frøya Municipality. The island lies in a large archipelago of islands in the Frøyhavet sea, just northwest of the entrance to the Trondheimsfjorden. The Frøyfjorden lies to the south of the island and separates it from the large island of Hitra.

The island is rocky with heather-covered moorland as well as marshes and lakes. There are no naturally forested areas on the island. The highest point on the island is Besselvassheia, at 76 metres (249 ft) above sea level. The southern and eastern coasts are relatively smooth, but the northern coast is very jagged with many fjords and coves. Sletringen Lighthouse lies at the southwestern tip of the island.

The island is connected via the Frøya Tunnel to the neighboring island of Hitra. The island of Hitra is then connected to the mainland by the Hitra Tunnel.

Calluna
Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing evergreen shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.

It is the dominant plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland.  It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.
Mahama Ayariga
Mahama Ayariga (born 12 May 1974) is a lawyer and politician in Ghana. He belongs to the National Democratic Congress. He was the Minister of Information and Media Relations and the Minister of Youth and Sports under the John Dramani Mahama administration. He is currently the Member of Parliament representing Bawku Central constituency of the Upper East Region of Ghana in the 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana. He is the current majority leader in the parliament of Ghana.

Convention People's Party
The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).
Sierra Nevada upper montane forest
The Sierra Nevada upper montane forest is a vegetation type found below the treeline in the United States Sierra Nevada range. It is generally located above the mixed coniferous forest and below the alpine zone.  Overstory trees are typically cone shaped to shed the snow.

Characteristic trees including lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana ), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), western white pine (Pinus monticola) California red fir (Abies magnifica), and Sierra juniper (Juniperus grandis), and typical understory trees and shrubs such as huckleberry oak (Quercus vaccinifolia) and red heather (Phyllodoce breweri). Montane chaparral can occur in areas with recent fires or with high exposure to wind.. In the northern Sierra, quaking aspen occur in this ecoregion.

Pinus jeffreyi
Pinus jeffreyi, also known as Jeffrey pine, Jeffrey's pine, yellow pine and black pine, is a North American pine tree. It is mainly found in California, but also in the westernmost part of Nevada, southwestern Oregon, and northern Baja California.: 4  It is named in honor of its botanist documenter John Jeffrey.
Největší z Čechů
Největší z Čechů (English: The Largest of the Czechs) is a 2010 Czech drama film by Robert Sedláček. The story is about a team of four filmmakers.

Set in Pelhřimov, the film was shot during the Festival of Records and Curiosities. The film began shooting in August 2009, also filming in Prague on Střelecký Island.

Pelhřimov
Pelhřimov (German: Pilgrams) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Adrian Hoesch
Adrian Wilhelm Jochen Hoesch (born 9 February 1993) is a German-American competitive sailor. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics in the Men's Two Person Dinghy - 470 for American Samoa, placing 19th.

Hoesch is from Germany but has an American passport. He was educated at the University of Passau, completing a bachelor's degree in business administration, and at the Hult International Business School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, completing a masters in finance and international business. He has previously worked as a business analyst.

Hoesch previously won Bronze when representing Germany at the 2013 Junior European Championships. He represented the Bavarian Yacht Club at the 2018 New York Yacht Club Global Team Race Regatta. In 2020 he and Tyler Paige qualified for the 2020 Olympics for American Samoa at Sail Melbourne.

Hult International Business School
Hult International Business School (also known as Hult Business School or Hult) is a private business school headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It also operates campuses in London, San Francisco, Dubai, New York City, and Boston. Hult is named for the school's benefactor Bertil Hult and is affiliated with the EF Education First Group.

Hult is the successor of the Arthur D. Little School of Management, founded in 1964 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and of the Ashridge Business School, founded in 1959 in Ashridge, England. It offers undergraduate, master's, and MBA degree programs, as well as executive education through Hult Ashridge, housed on the Ashridge Estate campus. The school is also the patron of the Hult Prize, a student entrepreneur competition.
1891–92 Football Alliance
The 1891–92 Football Alliance was the third and final season of the Football Alliance, an association football league which was set up in England as an alternative to the Football League, which had begun in the 1888–89 season.

Three new clubs joined the Football Alliance, following the expansion of the Football League to 14 teams, and the defection of Sunderland Albion to the Northern League. These new teams were Ardwick (later Manchester City), Burton Swifts and Lincoln City.

At the end of the season the Football Alliance was disbanded and merged with the Football League, which was expanded to two divisions. Champions Nottingham Forest together with Newton Heath and The Wednesday were elected to the enlarged sixteen-team First Division.  The remaining teams were joined by Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United to form a twelve-team Second Division. However, Birmingham St George's disbanded at the end of the season due to financial problems.

Northern Football League
The Northern League is a British men's football league in north east England. Having been founded in 1889, it is the second-oldest football league in the world still in existence after the English Football League.

It contains two divisions; Division One and Division Two. Division One sits on the ninth tier of the English football league system, five divisions below the Football League. These leagues cover the historic counties of Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire's North Riding. The champion club of Division One is promoted to the lower division of the Northern Premier League.
Aziz Dowlatabadi
Aziz Dowlatabadi (1922 in Tabriz – 30 April 2009, in Tabriz) also known by the pen name Darvish was Iranian poet. He was the first director of National library of Tabriz and Tarbiyat library.
He died of lung cancer on 30 April 2009 and was buried in the Maqbaratoshoara.

Tarbiat Library
Tarbiat Library (Persian: کتابخانه تربیت) is the first state library constructed in Iran, established in 1921 at Tabriz. The library was founded by Mahammad Ali Tarbiat, an Iranian journalist and politician, as the "Ma'aref public library and reading room" (Persian: كتابخانه و قرائتخانه عمومي معارف) which was later renamed after its founder to Tarbiat Library.
Estadio Mendocino de Hockey
Estadio Mendocino de Hockey is a field hockey stadium located in the city of Mendoza in the homonymous province of Argentina. It is owned and operated by the Provincial Government and has a capacity of 1,700 spectators, which places it first among the largest hockey stadiums in Argentina.

Mendoza Province
Mendoza (Spanish pronunciation: [menˈdosa]), officially the Province of Mendoza, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to the west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza.

Covering an area of 148,827 km2, it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population.
George Darrow (baseball)
George Oliver Darrow (July 7, 1903 – March 24, 1983) was a professional baseball player.  He was a left-handed pitcher for one season (1934) with the Philadelphia Phillies. For his career, he compiled a 2–6 record, with a 5.51 earned run average, and 14 strikeouts in 49 innings pitched.

An alumnus of Washburn University, he was born in Beloit, Kansas, and died in Sun City, Arizona, at the age of 79.

Washburn University
Washburn University (WU), formally Washburn University of Topeka, is a public university in Topeka, Kansas, United States. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs as well as professional programs in law and business. The university enrolls approximately 5,000 undergraduate students and 700 graduate students as of 2023. As of 2008, Washburn also took over overseeing the nearby Washburn Tech.
Sponge tax
The sponge tax was a US state-level estate tax linked to the calculation of the federal estate tax. States with this tax collected the amount allowable as a tax credit to the federal estate tax if paid in state estate taxes. In practice, this additional estate tax was levied directly at the state level but generated a tax credit against the federal tax up to a specified amount.

Tax credit
A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit they have accrued from the total they owe the state. It may also be a credit granted in recognition of taxes already paid or a form of state "discount" applied in certain cases. Another way to think of a tax credit is as a rebate.
HLA-A25
HLA-A25 (A25) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α25 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A25, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*25 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2501. A25 and A*25 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A25 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A25 is a sister serotype of A26, A34, A43, and A66.

A25 is more common in SW Asia to NW Europe. A25 is believed to have been formed by a single gene conversion between another HLA-A and the A*2601 allele..

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
1921 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Gerald Patterson and Suzanne Lenglen were the defending champions, but Patterson did not participate. Lenglen partnered with André Gobert but they lost in the second round to eventual champions Randolph Lycett and Elizabeth Ryan.

Lycett and Ryan defeated Max Woosnam and Phyllis Howkins in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1921 Wimbledon Championships.

Elizabeth Ryan
Elizabeth Montague Ryan (February 5, 1892 – July 6, 1979) was an American tennis player who was born in Anaheim, California, but lived most of her adult life in the United Kingdom. Ryan won 26 Grand Slam titles, 19 in women's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles at Wimbledon, an all-time record for those two events. Twelve of her Wimbledon titles were in women's doubles and seven were in mixed doubles. Ryan also won four women's doubles titles at the French Championships, as well as one women's doubles title and two mixed-doubles titles at the U.S. Championships. During a 19-year run Ryan amassed a total of 659 titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles.
Zeke Faux
Zeke Faux is an American journalist and author. He is an investigative reporter for Bloomberg News. He is a national fellow at New America.

Faux has a BA in history from Cornell University.

In 2019, Faux received the Gerald Loeb Award (explanatory business reporting) and the Silver Gavel Award (fostering public understanding of the law) for the 2018 Bloomberg News investigative series "Sign Here to Lose Everything". The reports exposed how predatory lenders deprived borrowers of due-process rights. He was a finalist with Zachary R. Mider for the 2019 National Magazine Award.

In 2023, Faux published the book Number Go Up, a critical examination of the world of cryptocurrency.

Gerald Loeb Award
The Gerald Loeb Awards, also referred to as the Gerald Loeb Awards for Distinguished Business and Financial Journalism, is a recognition of excellence in journalism, especially in the fields of business, finance and the economy.  The award was established in 1957 by Gerald Loeb, a founding partner of E.F. Hutton & Co.  Loeb's intention in creating the award was to encourage reporters to inform and protect private investors as well as the general public in the areas of business, finance and the economy.
George Mack (ornithologist)
George Mack (2 October 1899, Killearn, Scotland - 24 October 1963, Brisbane, Australia) was mainly a museum ornithologist and collector, but also worked as an ichthyologist.

He migrated from Britain to Western Australia in 1919.  He worked at the National Museum of Victoria from 1923 to 1945. During this time, he published a revision of the Australian species of the fairy-wren genus Malurus and described several species of fish, for example Galaxiella pusilla.

Mack then worked at the Queensland Museum from 1945, starting as the senior scientific assistant, becoming director in February 1946 until 1963, the year of his death.

It was his controversial action in shooting a scarlet robin during the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) campout in Marlo, Victoria in 1935 that catalysed change in the RAOU's attitude to collecting.

Marlo, Victoria
Marlo is a town in the Shire of East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. It is located east near the mouth of the Snowy River where the Snowy River meets and flows into the Southern Ocean. 
The name "Marlo" is generally accepted to have roots in tribal aboriginal language.  "Marloo" meaning white clay is suggestive of the Marlo Bluff, whilst "Murloo" meaning "muddy banks" was reportedly used by the local indigenous people.
At the 2006 census, Marlo had a population of 564.
Live Without It (Hinder song)
"Live Without It" is a single by American rock band Hinder from their upcoming album upcoming seventh studio album "Back to Life. It was released on September 13, 2024, via Evil Teen Records, that is owned by Warren Haynes from the Allman Brothers Band and founding member of the jam band Gov't Mule.

Live Without It is their first new original song in five and a half years since the release of their January 2019 single Halo, the band's first new original song release since longtime guitarist Mark King departed the band in 2021, and is the groups first new release on their new label Evil Teen Records since leaving The End Records.

Marshal Dutton
Marshal Dutton (born March 15, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer best known for currently being the lead singer of the rock band Hinder. He has also seen success as the part-time lead vocalist and full-time lead guitarist in his former band Faktion. He also provides lead guitar and backing vocals in the country duo group Drankmore.