hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heber Bartolome
Heber Gonzalez Bartolome (November 9, 1948 – November 15, 2021) was a Filipino folk and rock singer, songwriter, composer, poet, guitarist, bandurria player, bluesman, and painter. His music was influenced by the "stylistic tradition" of Philippine folk and religious melodies. He was the founder of Banyuhay, a "protest band" that carried the trademark sound of the kubing, a native musical instrument in the Philippines. His compositions were described as a "unique synthesis of rock and blues, and Philippine ethnic rhythms". Bartolome's song "Nena" became a hit in 1977. His song "Tayo'y Mga Pinoy" ("We're Filipinos") was a finalist during the 1978 first Metro Manila Popular Music Festival.

Kubing
The kubing is a type of Philippine jaw harp from bamboo found among the Maguindanaon and other Muslim and non-Muslim tribes in the Philippines and Indonesia. It is also called kobing (Maranao), kolibau (Tingguian), aru-ding (Tagbanwa), kuribaw (Ibanag and Itawes), aribao (Isneg), aroding (Palawan), kulaing (Yakan), ulibaw (Kalinga), karombi (Toraja), yori (Kailinese) or Kulibaw. Ones made of sugar palm-leaf are called karinta (Munanese), ore-ore mbondu or ore Ngkale (Butonese).

The kubing is traditionally considered an intimate instrument, usually used as communication between family or a loved one in close quarters. Both genders can use the instrument, the females more infrequently than males who use it for short distance courtship.
Thomas Davenport (footballer)
Thomas Davenport (1860 – after 1888) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football Alliance for Small Heath. He played as an inside forward.

Davenport was born in the Kingstanding district of Birmingham. He began his football career with Hockley Belmont before joining Small Heath Alliance in August 1885. He scored six goals as the club progressed to the semi-final of the 1885–86 FA Cup, which they lost 4–0 to West Bromwich Albion, then left to play for St Luke's, before returning for Small Heath's first season in the Football Alliance. Davenport played in the club's first five games in the new competition, and another two in the 1888–89 FA Cup, then left for fellow Football Alliance side Birmingham St George's. He died in Birmingham.

1885–86 FA Cup
The 1885–86 Football Association Challenge Cup was the 15th edition of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. There were 130 entrants, sixteen more than in the previous season, although six teams did not play a match. Five Scottish clubs entered but one was eliminated in the first round in an all-Scottish tie and travel constraints caused the rest to withdraw.

Blackburn Rovers became the second team to win the competition in three successive seasons and, as of 2024, they remain the last to do so. The final between Blackburn and West Bromwich Albion is the earliest to have been contested by two extant clubs that are still members of either the Premier League or the English Football League.
Hexavalent chromium
Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent).  It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. Hexavalent chromium compounds can be carcinogens (IARC Group 1), especially if airborne and inhaled where they can cause lung cancer.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Archonta
The Archonta are a now-abandoned group of mammals, considered a superorder in some classifications, which consists of these orders:

Primates

Plesiadapiformes (extinct primate-like archontans)

Scandentia (treeshrews)

Dermoptera (colugos)

While bats were traditionally included in the Archonta, genetic analysis has suggested that bats actually belong in Laurasiatheria. A revised category excluding bats, Euarchonta, has been proposed.

This taxon may have arisen in the Early Cretaceous (more than 100 million years ago), so other models may explain mammalian evolution besides an explosive radiation from a single surviving lineage following the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction of the Mesozoic megafauna, such as a series of prior radiations related to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia allowing for more survivors.

Evolutionary radiation
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity that is caused by elevated rates of speciation, that may or may not be associated with an increase in morphological disparity. A significantly large and diverse radiation within a relatively short geologic time scale (e.g. a period or epoch) is often referred to as an explosion. Radiations may affect one clade or many, and be rapid or gradual; where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage's adaptation to their environment, they are termed adaptive radiations.
COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Brazil is an ongoing mass immunization campaign for the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. It started on 17 January 2021, when the country had 210 thousand deaths.

The Instituto Butantan imported the first 6 million doses of CoronaVac in a collaboration with the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech.

There is no deadline forecast for immunizing the country's entire population due to the lack of supplies for vaccine production and also due to political disputes between the São Paulo state government and the Jair Bolsonaro government.

According to a June 2022 study published in The Lancet, COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil prevented an additional 1 million deaths from 8 December 2020 to 8 December 2021.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
IROC XI
IROC XI was the eleventh year of IROC competition, which took place in 1987. It saw the use of the Chevrolet Camaro in all races, the beginning of a long partnership with ABC/ESPN, and continued the format introduced in IROC VIII. Race one took place on the Daytona International Speedway, race two took place at Mid-Ohio, race three ran at Michigan International Speedway, and race four concluded the year at Watkins Glen International. Geoff Bodine won the championship and $191,900.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:

Chevrolet Camaro
The Chevrolet Camaro is a mid-size American automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car. It first went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed to compete with the Ford Mustang. The Camaro shared its platform and major components with the Firebird, produced by General Motors' Pontiac division that was also introduced for the 1967 model year.

Four distinct generations of the Camaro were developed before production ended in 2002. The nameplate was revived on a concept car that evolved into the fifth-generation Camaro; production started on March 16, 2009.

Production of the sixth generation of the Camaro ended in December 2023, for the 2024 model year.
2025 Japan Masters
The 2025 Japan Masters (officially known as the Kumamoto Masters Japan 2025) was a badminton tournament which took place at Kumamoto Prefectural Gymnasium in Kumamoto, Japan, from 11 to 16 November 2025 and had a total prize of $475,000.

Yang Po-hsuan
Yang Po-hsuan (Chinese: 楊博軒; pinyin: Yáng Bóxuān; born 23 August 1996) is a Taiwanese badminton player. He was part of the national university team that won the gold medal at the 2017 Summer Universiade.
2003 Masters Tournament
The 2003 Masters Tournament was the 67th Tournament, held April 11–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Mike Weir won his only major title in a one-hole playoff over Len Mattiace. He was the first Canadian man and first left-handed player to win the Masters and remains the only Canadian to win the tournament.

The start of the first round was delayed until early Friday morning due to successive days of heavy rain; the second round was started on Friday afternoon and completed on Saturday morning.

David Toms
David Wayne Toms (born January 4, 1967) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. From 1992 to 2017, Toms was a member of the PGA Tour, where he won 13 events, including one major, the 2001 PGA Championship. He was in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 175 weeks between 2001 and 2006, and ranked as high as fifth in 2002 and 2003.
Bo Coleman
Gerald Marlin "Jerry Bo" Coleman (born July 1, 1936) is an American former radio personality.

Born in Wilson, Texas, the son of Grover and Christeen Coleman. Coleman worked on cotton as a teenager. He worked at the RC Bottling Company. He attended at the Texas Tech University. After listening to the radio, Coleman had gotten his love passion when he listed to the country music station KLLL-FM.

Coleman was hired to work as a radio personality for the KDUB-FM. He then worked for the KSEL-FM. As a radio personality, Coleman had his own radio program that became popular in Lubbock, Texas, in which his program had captivated audiences that included young males and females. He had worked as a radio personality for KDAV, in which he had his own radio program. Coleman resided to Los Angeles, California and currently resides in Lubbock, Texas.

Radio program
A radio program, radio programme, or radio show is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a one-time production, or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode.
Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration
The Trachtenberg School, officially the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration (TSPPPA), is the graduate public policy school in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C.

The Trachtenberg School teaches public policy,  public administration, environmental studies, and environmental science by offering a Master of Public Policy, Master of Public Administration, Master of Arts in Environmental Resource Management, and a PhD in Public Policy and Public Administration.

Environmental resource management
Environmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not, as the phrase might suggest, the management of the environment itself. Environmental resources management aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations, and also maintain ecosystem integrity through considering ethical, economic, and scientific (ecological) variables. Environmental resource management tries to identify factors between meeting needs and protecting resources. It is thus linked to environmental protection, resource management,  sustainability, integrated landscape management, natural resource management, fisheries management, forest management, wildlife management, environmental management systems, and others.
2005–06 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey rankings
Two human polls made up the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey rankings, the USCHO.com/CSTV Division I Men's Poll and the USA TODAY/USA Hockey Magazine Poll. As the 2005–06 season progressed, rankings were updated weekly. There were a total of 34 voters in the USA Today poll and 40 voters in the USCHO.com poll. Each first place vote in the USA Today poll is worth 15 points in the rankings while a first place vote in the USCHO.com poll is worth 20 points with every subsequent vote worth 1 fewer point in either poll.

2005–06 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season
The 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season began on October 7, 2005 and concluded with the 2006 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament's championship game on April 8, 2006 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This was the 59th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 112th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.
Flora Cash
Flora Cash is a Swedish–American duo formed by Kosovo-born Shpresa Lleshaj and American musician Cole Randall. The two met on SoundCloud in 2012 and became musical partners. Their music, blending melancholic melodies and a mix of genres, reflects their diverse backgrounds and has garnered mainstream recognition, most notably with the single "You're Somebody Else", from their 2017 album, Nothing Lasts Forever (And It's Fine). This track achieved the number-one position on American alternative radio and received Platinum and Gold certifications in various countries, including the United States. With the 2023 release of the EP Vår Pil (Piano Quintet Suite för Rocker Peggy), Flora Cash expanded their musical oeuvre to include classical music. As of 2026, the duo has published four studio albums and ten EPs, as well as numerous singles.

Gaffa (magazine)
Gaffa (stylized as GAFFA) is a free Nordic music magazine with local editions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Gaffa is Denmark's largest and oldest music magazine. It has been published since 1983 and has 320,000 print readers and 750,000 online readers each month.

The name gaffa comes from gaffer tape, with the magazine's stated intention of "binding the different parts of the music community together".
Stowe Psalter
The Stowe Psalter (British Library Stowe MS 2, also known as Spelman Psalter or King Alfred's Psalter) is a psalter from the "2nd or 3rd quarter of the 11th century", at the end of Anglo-Saxon art.  The text includes the Gallican version of the Psalms, followed by the Canticles with an interlinear Old English gloss.

Canticle
In the context of Christian liturgy, a canticle (/ˈkæntɪkəl/; from the Latin canticulum, a diminutive of canticum, "song") is a psalm-like song with biblical lyrics taken from elsewhere than the Book of Psalms, but included in psalters and books such as the breviary. Of special importance to the Divine Office are three New Testament Canticles that are the climaxes of the Offices of Lauds, Vespers and Compline; these are respectively Benedictus (Luke 1:68-79), Magnificat (Luke 1:46-55) and Nunc dimittis (Luke  2:29-32). There are also a number of Canticles taken from the Old Testament.
Simplicial volume
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the simplicial volume (also called Gromov norm) is a measure of the topological complexity of a manifold. More generally, the simplicial norm measures the complexity of homology classes.

Given a closed and oriented manifold, one defines the simplicial norm by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains homologous to a given cycle. The simplicial volume is the simplicial norm of the fundamental class.

It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who introduced it in 1982. With William Thurston, he proved that the simplicial volume of a finite volume hyperbolic manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume.

The simplicial volume is equal to twice the Thurston norm.

Thurston also used the simplicial volume to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.

Hyperbolic manifold
In mathematics, a hyperbolic manifold is a space where every point looks locally like hyperbolic space of some dimension. They are especially studied in dimensions 2 and 3, where they are called hyperbolic surfaces and hyperbolic 3-manifolds, respectively. In these dimensions, they are important because most manifolds can be made into a hyperbolic manifold by a homeomorphism. This is a consequence of the uniformization theorem for surfaces and the geometrization theorem for 3-manifolds proved by Perelman.
Baiswara
Baiswara is a subregion of Awadh in Uttar Pradesh, India, which includes parts of Unnao and Raebareli districts. Unnao and Raebareli districts were parts of Baiswada State.

It is associated with the Bais Rajput community.

Baiswada State
Baiswada State, also called Kingdom of Baiswada, was one of the States of India in Awadh region. Baiswada got its name because Bais Rajputs dominated this area. It was founded by Maharaj Abhaychandra Bais, from the 25th generation of Samrat Harsh Vardhan Bais of Thanesar. The capital of Baiswada was Daundiya Kheda.
Church of the Vera Cruz (Santiago)
The Iglesia de la Vera Cruz or de la Veracruz (church of Vera Cruz) is a Catholic church located in Barrio Lastarria in the center of Santiago, Chile.

Construction on the church began in 1852 with a proposal by Salvador Tavira to preserve the place where Pedro de Valdivia had lived by building a memorial church for the conquistador, under the guidance of architect Claudio Brunet de Baines. Upon Brunet de Baines’ death in 1855, work was continued by architect Fermín Vivaceta and inaugurated in advance during Chilean Fiestas Patrias celebrations in 1855. The church was completed in 1857.

In 1983 the Iglesia de la Vera Cruz and its parish residence were declared National Monuments by the Ministry of Education.

On November 12, 2019, the church was burned after social riots.

Santiago (commune)
The Commune of Santiago is the central commune of the Santiago Province, located at the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region in Chile's Central Zone. Locally, Santiago is usually abbreviated Stgo. It is also called as "Santiago Centro" (Central Santiago or Downtown Santiago) in order to differentiate it from Greater Santiago, a larger entity which includes the Santiago commune along with 36 other communes. With a population of 438,856, it is the 3rd-largest commune in Chile.
14th & 15th century Africa
During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 (the 14th and 15th century) the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Songhai Empire, Hausa City-states, Wolof Empire, Great Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Makuria, Kanem Empire, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Mutapa, and the Ajuran Sultanate. These kingdoms flourished in the first part of this period, especially the Mali Empire, which saw a cultural flowering within its empire centred on the University of Timbuktu.

University of Timbuktu
"University of Timbuktu" is a collective term for the teaching community of three mosques in the city of Timbuktu in what is now Mali: the mosques of Sankore, Djinguereber, and Sidi Yahya. It was an organized scholastic community that endured for many centuries during the medieval period. The university contributed to the modern understanding of Islamic and academic studies in West Africa during the medieval period and produced a number of scholars and manuscripts taught under the Maliki school of thought.
Xanthoparmelia endochromatica
Xanthoparmelia endochromatica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from the sandstone ledges of Table Mountain at an elevation of 950 m (3,120 ft). The thallus of this lichen is tightly attached to its rock substrate. It is yellowish-green, although older individuals tend to become blackened in the center, and reaches diameters of 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in). It contains gyrophoric acid, usnic acid, and a substance known as the "schenckiana" pigment.

Table Mountain
Table Mountain (Khoekhoe: Huriǂoaxa, lit. 'sea-emerging'; Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa.

It is a significant tourist attraction, with many visitors either using the cableway or hiking to the top. The mountain has 2,285 plant species, of which around 80% are fynbos (Afrikaans for 'fine bush'). Table Mountain National Park is the most visited national park in South Africa, attracting 4.2 million people every year for various activities. It forms part of the lands formerly inhabited by Khoe-speaking clans, such as the !Uriǁʼaes (the "High Clan").

Table Mountain is home to a large array of mostly endemic flora and fauna. Its top rises about 1,000 m above the surrounding city, making the popular hike upwards on a large variety of different, often steep and rocky pathways a serious mountain tour which requires fitness, preparation and hiking equipment.
Calliope Mountain
Calliope Mountain is a 6,821-foot (2,079 m) mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in Anchorage Municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska. Calliope Mountain is situated in Chugach State Park, 20 mi (32 km) east-southeast of downtown Anchorage, and 2.1 mi (3 km) southwest of Eagle Peak, which is its nearest higher neighbor. The first ascent of the peak was made June 24, 1967, by W.E. Hauser and B.P. Hansen, who proposed naming it "Icy Peak", but their fellow members at the Mountaineering Club of Alaska persuaded them to adopt a more distinctive name that would be in keeping with the music theme of the immediate area. Within three miles of the peak there is a Symphony Lake, Concerto Peak, Flute Peak, Triangle Peak, Organ Mountain, Cantata Peak, and Hurdygurdy Mountain. The mountain's calliope name was officially adopted in 1969 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
Athletics at the 1979 Pan American Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles sprint competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 9 and 11 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar. The defending Pan American Games champion was Alejandro Casañas of Cuba.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.