hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Betty Karnette
Betty Karnette (née Petty; September 13, 1931 – September 8, 2021) was an American politician who served in the  California State Assembly from 1992 to 1994 and from 2004 to 2008 and in the California State Senate from 1996 to 2004. She was elected to a second stint in the California State Assembly in November 2004 to represent the 54th district. Her district included the cities of Avalon, Long Beach, Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, Rolling Hills Estates, San Pedro, and Signal Hill. Her district contained parts of the Port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles.

Port of Long Beach
The Port of Long Beach, administered as the Harbor Department of the City of Long Beach, is a container port in the United States, which adjoins Port of Los Angeles.  Acting as a major gateway for US–Asian trade, the port occupies 3,200 acres (13 km2) of land with 25 miles (40 km) of waterfront in the city of Long Beach, California. The Port of Long Beach is located less than 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Downtown Long Beach and approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Downtown Los Angeles. The seaport generates approximately US$100 billion per year in trade and employs more than 316,000 people in Southern California. In 2022, the port, together with the adjoining Port of Los Angeles, were considered amongst the world's least efficient ports by the World Bank and IHS Markit citing union protectionism and a lack of automation.
Lewiston–Auburn
Lewiston–Auburn (L–A) are twin cities in Androscoggin County, Maine, USA. Together, they have a population of 61,182 in a combined 101 square miles (260 km2). The cities are commonly called "Cities of the Androscoggin," as they are seated along the banks of the Androscoggin River which separates them. They share infrastructure and transportation, such as the Lewiston-Auburn CityLink, the Lewiston and Auburn Railroad Company and the Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport. They also form the Lewiston-Auburn Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Androscoggin County. The Lewiston–Auburn Economic Growth Council has been promoting the cities as one community for decades in its campaign to promote growth in industry and business.

Androscoggin River
The Androscoggin River (Abenaki: Ammoscongon) is a river in the U.S. states of Maine and New Hampshire, in northern New England. It is 178 miles (286 km) long and joins the Kennebec River at Merrymeeting Bay in Maine before its water empties into the Gulf of Maine on the Atlantic Ocean. Its drainage basin is 3,530 square miles (9,100 km2) in area. The name "Androscoggin" comes from the Eastern Abenaki term Ammoscongon, which referred to the entire portion of the river north of the Great Falls in Lewiston, Maine. The Anglicization of the Abenaki term is likely an analogical contamination with the colonial governor Edmund Andros.
Nasir Jung
Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi, Nasir Jung, was the second Nizam of Hyderabad State. He was the son of Asaf Jah I and his wife Saeed-un-nisa Begum. He was born 26 February 1712. He had taken up a title of Humayun Jah, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Nasir Jung, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan. However, he is most famously known as Nasir Jung.

The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah bestowed him with the title Nasir Jung and later the next Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur appointed him as the Subedar of the Deccan and bestowed him with the title Nasir-ud-Daula.

Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.
Woodworker frog
The woodworker frog (Limnodynastes lignarius) is a species of frog in the family Limnodynastidae. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, rocky areas, and caves.

Limnodynastidae
Limnodynastidae, commonly known as the Australian ground frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands. They were formerly considered a subfamily of the Myobatrachidae, the other large radiation of terrestrial frogs in Australia, but are now considered a distinct family. Both Limnodynastidae and Myobatrachidae are thought to be the only members of the superfamily Myobatrachoidea.

The earliest fossils of this group are of Platypectrum casca from the Early Eocene.
Panmunjom axe murder incident
The Panmunjom axe murder incident (Korean: 판문점 도끼 살인 사건), also known as the Korean axe atrocity incident, was the killing of two United Nations Command officers, Captain Arthur Bonifas and First Lieutenant Mark Barrett, by North Korean soldiers on August 18, 1976, in the Joint Security Area (JSA) in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The officers, from the United States Army, had been part of a work party trimming a poplar tree in the JSA.

Three days later, US and South Korean forces launched Operation Paul Bunyan, an operation that cut down the tree with a show of force to intimidate North Korea into backing down, which it did. North Korea then accepted responsibility for the earlier killings.

The incident is also known alternatively as the hatchet incident, the poplar tree incident, and the tree trimming incident.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Massouh's sign
Massouh's sign is a clinical sign for acute localised appendicitis, named after General Surgeon Farouk Massouh from Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley (Surrey, the United Kingdom).

The sign describes a firm swish of the examiner’s index and middle finger across the patient’s abdomen from xiphoid sternum to first the left and then the right iliac fossa. A positive Massouh sign is a grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep.  
The explanation for the reliability of this diagnostic tool is based on the fact that appendicitis in the initial stage usually causes localised irritation of the peritoneum. The well innervated peritoneum is very sensitive to pain and therefore sensitive to jouncing movements. Similarly this is the explanation for other signs of localised peritonitis such as Murphy's sign, Rovsing's sign or psoas sign.

There is currently no published evidence on the sensitivity or specificity of Massouh sign for suspected acute appendicitis.

Murphy's sign
In medicine, Murphy's sign (also known as Sweeney’s sign) is a maneuver during a physical examination as part of the abdominal examination. It is useful for differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant.  Typically, it is positive in cholecystitis, but negative in choledocholithiasis, pyelonephritis, and ascending cholangitis.
1989 Detroit Tigers season
The 1989 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 89th season and the 78th season at Tiger Stadium. The Tigers finished 59–103 and in last place in the American League East. It was the team's first losing season since 1977, the worst record in the Major Leagues, as well as (at the time) the franchise's second-worst season ever in terms of both losses (103) and win percentage (.364). It was also (at the time) the franchise's worst full 162-game season (those marks would be surpassed in 1996, 2003, and 2019).

1977 Detroit Tigers season
The 1977 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 77th season and the 66th season at Tiger Stadium. The Tigers finished in fourth place in the American League East with a record of 74–88, 26 games behind the New York Yankees. They were outscored by their opponents 751 to 714. The Tigers drew 1,359,856 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1977, ranking 7th of the 14 teams in the American League.
Cyrtandra vittata
Cytandra vittata is a shrub in the African violet family Gesneriaceae with bright pink, candy-striped flowers. It was discovered in 2019 in New Guinea. It grows in rainforest. Doves and pigeons disperse its white berries.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
M. Govindarasu
M. Govindarasu is an Indian politician and a former Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly (MLA). He hails from Peravurani town in Thanjavur District. Govindarasu, who studied up to the tenth standard, belongs to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) party.
He contested and won the Mayiladuturai Assembly constituency in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, becoming an MLA.

Thanjavur district
Thanjavur district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Its headquarters is Thanjavur (Tanjore) . The district is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is mostly agrarian.
Armen Orujyan
Armen Orujyan (born 15 February 1974) is an Armenian-American entrepreneur, an architect of innovation ecosystems and the Founder and CEO of Curio Ventures.  He founded the youth entrepreneurship platform Athgo and served as its chairman for almost two decades.  In 2012 he was appointed co‑chair of the United Nations’ Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development (GAID) and joined the UN Broadband Commission for Digital Development as a commissioner.  In 2017 he became the founding chief executive officer of the Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology (FAST), a non‑profit organisation working to develop Armenia's science and technology ecosystem.  Orujyan served as FAST's CEO until 2025, when he joined its board of trustees.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
Osthoff
Osthoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hermann Osthoff (1847–1909), German linguist

Markus Osthoff (born 1968), German football player

Oscar Osthoff (1883–1950), American athlete and coach

Susanne Osthoff (born 1962), German archaeologist

Tom Osthoff (1936–2025), American politician

Oscar Osthoff
Oscar Paul Osthoff (March 23, 1883 – December 9, 1950) was an American athlete and coach.  Osthoff won the gold medal in the all-around dumbbell event and the silver medal in the two hand lift competition at the 1904 Summer Olympics.  He later attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he lettered in four sports, he also was the sec of the athletic dept. he attended Marquette University his freshman year, he is in the University of Wisconsin athletic hall of fame. : football, track and field, gymnastics, and swimming.  Osthoff served as the head football coach at Washington State College—now Washington State University—from 1910 to 1911, compiling a record of 5–6.
Kindred (Heroes)
"Kindred" is the third episode of the second season of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes. The episode was written by J. J. Philbin and was directed by Paul Edwards. It originally aired on October 8, 2007.

Superhero fiction
Superhero fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction showcasing the adventures of costumed crime-fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction in the spectrum of scientific realism, often merging into science fantasy. It is most commonly associated with comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.
Torino Lingotto railway station
Torino Lingotto railway station is one of the main stations serving the city and comune of Turin, capital of the region of Piedmont, northwestern Italy.  The Torino Lingotto metro station is located nearby, and opened on March 6, 2011.

Opened in 1960, the station is the third most important in Turin, after Torino Porta Nuova and Torino Porta Susa.  It forms part of the Turin–Genoa main line, and is also a stop on three secondary railways, which link Turin with Pinerolo, Cuneo and Savona, respectively.

The station is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). Most train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.  The remaining train services are operated by GTT, a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the provinces of Turin, Alessandria, Cuneo and Asti, and Arenaways, an open-access railway operator that began passenger operations in November 2010.

Province of Asti
The province of Asti (Italian: provincia di Asti; Piedmontese: provincia d'Ast) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Asti. To the northwest it borders on the Metropolitan City of Turin; to the southwest it borders on the province of Cuneo. To the east it borders on the province of Alessandria, while in the south it shares a very short border with the Ligurian province of Savona. It has an area of 1,504.5 square kilometres (580.9 sq mi), and, As of 2017, a total population of 215,871.
AREX
AREX (Airport Railroad Express; Korean: 인천국제공항철도) is an airport rail link and commuter rail line in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea, linking Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport with Seoul Station. The section between the two airports opened on March 23, 2007, and the line was extended to Seoul Station on December 29, 2010.

Long-distance Korea Train Express high speed trains started to use the line from June 30, 2014, but discontinued the service in March 2018 due to low ridership.

Airport rail link
An airport rail link is a service providing passenger rail transport between an airport and a nearby city. Direct links operate straight from the airport terminal to the city, while other links require an intermediate use of a people mover or shuttle bus. Advantages for the passenger include faster travel times and easy connections with other public transport. Advantages for the airport include increased patronage and enhanced accessibility for staff. Additionally, authorities have benefitted from less highway congestion, less pollution, and more business opportunities.
Kourounios
Kourounios (Greek: Κουρουνιός) is a mountain village in the municipal unit Gortyna, southwestern Arcadia, Greece. It is situated in the eastern foothills of mount Lykaion, overlooking the Alfeios valley. It is 2 km west of Mavria, 3 km north of Isoma Karyon, 4 km south of Karytaina and 11 km northwest of Megalopoli.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan
Sayyid Moḥammad Abdallah Hassan Somali: Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan, 𐒑𐒖𐒄𐒖𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒋𐒖𐒁𐒆𐒚𐒐𐒐𐒗 𐒄𐒖𐒈𐒖𐒒; 7 April 1856 – 21 December 1920) was a Somali scholar, poet, military leader and religious, cultural and political figure who founded and headed the Dervish movement, which led a holy war against British, Italian and Ethiopian colonial intrusions in the Somali Peninsula. He was pejoratively known by the British Empire as the "Mad Mullah." In 1917, the Ottoman Empire referred to him as the "Emir of the Somali People." Due to his successful completion of the Hajj to Mecca, his assertion of being the descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his complete memorization of the Quran, his name is preluded with honorifics such as Hajji, Hafiz, Emir, Sheikh, Mullah or Sayyid. His influence on the Somali people led him to being regarded the "Father of Somali nationalism."

Mullah
Mullah (/ˈmʌlə, ˈmʊlə, ˈmuːlə/) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and Imams. The term is widely used in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, and is also used for a man who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law.

The title has also been used in some Mizrahi, Iranian (Persian), Afghan, Bukharian, Kaifeng, and Sephardic Jewish communities in reference to the community's leadership, especially its religious leadership.
Bulletin of Latin American Research
Bulletin of Latin American Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on Latin American studies, including Latin America, the Caribbean, inter-American relations, and the Latin American diaspora. The journal title has been published by Wiley-Blackwell since 1981.

Latin American studies
Latin American studies (LAS) is an academic and research field associated with the study of Latin America. The interdisciplinary study is a subfield of area studies, and can be composed of numerous disciplines such as economics, sociology, history, international relations, political science, geography, cultural studies, gender studies, and literature.
Cornamona
Corr na Móna (anglicized as Cornamona) is a village and townland in County Galway, Ireland. It is part of the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking region) in Joyce Country.

The village lies on the north of Lough Corrib in the middle of the Joyce Country Mountain and Lake Districts. It is a popular site among trout and salmon anglers.

The eastern edge of the area comes down to the shores of the Corrib while the western edge borders the upland area of An Mám, the Maam Valley and the Maumturk Mountains.

The local secondary school is Coláiste Naomh Feichín, Corr na Móna. The village also has a shop, pub, playground, pier and community centre.

Corr na Móna was used as the filming location for Foscadh, an Irish language film released in 2021.

Lough Corrib
Lough Corrib (/lɒx ˈkɒrɪb/ lokh KORR-ib; Irish: Loch Coirib) is a lake in the west of Ireland. The River Corrib or Galway River connects the lake to the sea at Galway. It is the largest lake within the Republic of Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after Lough Neagh). It covers 176 km² and lies mostly in County Galway with a small area of its northeast corner in County Mayo.

The first canal on the island of Ireland was cut in the 12th century. Known as the Friar's Cut, it allowed boats to pass from Lough Corrib to the sea at Galway.

Lough Corrib was designated a Ramsar site in June 1996. It has also been designated a Special Area of Conservation.
Abdul Mannan Syed
Abdul Mannan Syed (3 August 1943 – 5 September 2010) was a Bangladeshi poet, and critic. He is known for his considerable research works on Kazi Nazrul Islam, Jibanananda Das, Farrukh Ahmad, Syed Waliullah, Manik Bandyopadhyay, Bishnu De, Samar Sen, Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain, Abdul Ghani Hazari, Muhammad Wajed Ali, Prabodh Chandra Sen. From 2002 to 2004, he held the position of Executive Director of Nazrul Institute.

Manik Bandopadhyay
Manik Bandyopadhyay [alias Banerjee] (Manik Bandyopadhyayⓘ; 19 May 1908 – 3 December 1956) is an Indian author regarded as one of the major figures of 20th century Bengali literature. During a lifespan of 48 years and 28 years of literary career, battling with epilepsy from the age of around 28 and financial strains all along, he produced some masterpieces of novels and short stories, besides some poems, essays etc. One of the early neo-realist film shot in Pakistan, The Day Shall Dawn is based on his story.
Bowin P4
The Bowin P4 is a Formula Ford race car designed and built in Australia in the 1970s by Bowin.
Drivers of Bowin P4s won the TAA Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series in 1972, 1977 and 1978. Many of the cars still race today in the Historic Formula Ford category.

Australian Formula Ford Championship
The Australian Formula Ford Championship is an Australian motor racing competition for drivers of Formula Ford racing cars, held annually since 1970. From 1970 until 1992 it was a national series and from 1993 until 2013 the series was sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Formula Ford Championship. From 2014 to 2018 it reverted to national series status. The Australian Formula Ford Championship name was then applied to the series by the Formula Ford Association from 2019.

Australian Formula Ford is renowned for producing future champions in other categories with many V8 Supercar drivers and Australian international open-wheeler drivers having had a background in the category.
1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election
The 1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election of 21 March 1957 was held after the elevation to the Peerage of National Liberal and Conservative MP (MP) Gwilym Lloyd George.

The seat was safe, having been won by Lloyd George at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by nearly 11,000 votes

Gwilym Lloyd George
Gwilym Lloyd George, 1st Viscount Tenby, TD, PC, later hyphenated Lloyd-George (4 December 1894 – 14 February 1967), was a Welsh politician and cabinet minister. The younger son of David Lloyd George, he served as Home Secretary from 1954 to 1957.
Thomas Pickard (politician)
Thomas Pickard (1819 – 1895) was a college teacher and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1875 to 1878 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, the son of Thomas Pickard, a merchant there, and was educated at the Wesleyan University in Connecticut. In 1854, he married Mary Dixon. He was professor of mathematics at Mount Allison College in Sackville from 1848 to 1869.

His former house in Sackville is preserved as a Local Historic Place.

Sackville, New Brunswick
Sackville is a former town in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It held town status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Tantramar.

Sackville is home to Mount Allison University, a primarily undergraduate liberal arts university. The university welcomes roughly 2200 students per academic year. Historically based on agriculture, shipbuilding, and manufacturing, the economy is now driven by the university and tourism. Initially part of the French colony of Acadia, the settlement became part of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1755 following the Expulsion of the Acadians.