hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard F. America Jr.
Richard F. America Jr is an American economist who is emeritus Professor of the Practice in the McDonough School of Business of Georgetown University. He was among the founders of the National Economic Association, and served as the Association's president in 1985. He was previously the associate director of Urban Programs at the University of California's Haas School of Business, a lecturer at Stanford Business School, and a Senior Program Manager in the U.S. Small Business Administration.

America was among the first economists to advocate for reparations to Black Americans.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
Alice Louise Reynolds
Alice Louise Reynolds (April 1, 1873 – December 5, 1938) was a Brigham Young University (BYU) professor. Reynolds furthered her studies out east, receiving a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan. She taught college-level courses at Brigham Young Academy until it dissolved into BYU, and she was the first woman to do so. She was the second woman in Utah to be named a full professor, and the first woman to be a full professor at BYU.: 277  She worked to establish the library at Brigham Young Academy, and through her efforts, she was able to collect over 100,000 donated volumes. She worked as an editor for the Relief Society Magazine and contributed to other Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-affiliated magazines. Reynolds was an outspoken Democrat and served on the party's committee and as a delegate to the party's national convention. Reynolds died in 1938 of cancer.

Harold B. Lee Library
The Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) is the main academic library of Brigham Young University (BYU) located in Provo, Utah. The library traces its roots to the late 19th century and has been renamed, relocated, and expanded various times to accommodate the growth of its collection. It was renamed in 1973 after Harold B. Lee, the 11th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Girls Cutting Their Locks
Girls Cutting Their Locks (Ukrainian: Дівчата зрізають коси) is a book about women in the Russo-Ukrainian war, edited by Yevgeniya Podobna and published by the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance. The book presents 25 first-person testimonies by women who served in the Ukrainian Armed Forces and volunteer units during the War in Donbas (2014–2018), accompanied by photographs from the combat zone. It is an English translation by Mariia Kovalenko of the Ukrainian book published in 2018.

Ukrainian Institute of National Memory
The Ukrainian Institute of National Memory (UINM, Ukrainian: Український інститут національної пам'яті, romanized: Ukrainskyi instytut natsionalnoi pamiati), also translated as the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance, is a central executive body operating under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

The Law of Ukraine "On the principles of state policy in respect to the national memory of Ukrainian people", which was adopted 21 August 2025, defines the institute as a central executive body with a special status, which provides the formation and realization of memorial policy.

A consultative centre dedicated to the search of information about victims of repression in Ukraine functions as part of the institute.
Osmania General Hospital
Osmania General Hospital (OGH) is one of the oldest hospitals in India located at Afzal Gunj, Hyderabad. It is named after its founder – Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad. It is run by the Government of Telangana, and is one of the largest healthcare facilities in the state. It was built at a cost of ₹2,00,00,000.

The hospital building, a heritage structure is in dire need of repair and renovation. The building has been included in 2025 World Monuments Watch compiled by World Monuments Fund

Government of Telangana
The Government of Telangana is the  governing authority of the state of Telangana in India. It consists of an executive, a judiciary and a legislative.

The state government is headed by the Governor of Telangana as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as the real head of the executive. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers are vested. The state government maintains its capital at Hyderabad and is seated at the Government Secretariat or the Sachivalayam.

The Government of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh as part of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Keo Commercial Historic District
The Keo Commercial Historic District encompasses a cluster of commercial and industrial buildings that make up the economic center of the small city of Keo, Arkansas.  The district includes a two-block section of Main Street, anchored at its southern end by the Cobb Cotton Gin complex, and on the north by Arkansas Highway 232, where it extends a short way in both directions.  The community grew around the Cotten Belt Railroad line, which Main Street was laid out just west of.  The cotton gin complex has its origins in 1906, as a means for local farmers to process their cotton and send it on to market via the railroad.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Keo, Arkansas
Keo is a town in southwest Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Keo had a population of 207. It is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Desmoulin's whorl snail
Desmoulin's whorl snail (Vertigo moulinsiana) is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

This species was named in honor of the early-19th-century French naturalist Charles des Moulins.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Root, New York
Root is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 2,013 at the 2020 census, up from 1,715 in 2010. The town was named for Erastus Root, a legislator in the early Federal period.

Flat Creek (Mohawk River tributary)
Flat Creek is a river in Schoharie and Montgomery counties in the state of New York. It begins east of Sharon Springs and flows in a general northward direction before flowing into the Mohawk River in Sprakers. Flat Creek Falls, also known as Sprakers Falls, is located on the creek by Sprakers. The Kanyenkeha (Mohawk) referred to the creek as Onogerreah, and the mouth of the creek as Utlogowanke.: 125–127
Just a Gigolo (soundtrack)
Just a Gigolo is the soundtrack album for the 1978 West German film of the same name, directed by David Hemmings and starring David Bowie, Marlene Dietrich, Curt Jürgens and Kim Novak.  The album features period-style vocal and instrumental tracks alongside contemporary 1970s recordings, reflecting the film's setting in post-World War I Berlin.

The soundtrack includes performances by Bowie, The Manhattan Transfer, Pasadena Roof Orchestra, The Ragtimers, and Dietrich. Produced and supervised by Jack Fishman, the album was primarily recorded at Olympic Studios in London and has been reissued in expanded form by Cherry Red Records, including a resequenced tracklist and a 24-page illustrated booklet.

Critics noted the album's distinctive atmosphere and production, highlighting the contributions of multiple artists, while commercially it reached sales of approximately 50,000 copies in the U.K. by mid-1979.

Curd Jürgens
Curd Gustav Andreas Gottlieb Franz Jürgens (13 December 1915 – 18 June 1982) was a German-Austrian stage and film actor. He was usually billed in English-speaking films as Curt Jurgens. He was best known for playing Ernst Udet in Des Teufels General. His English-language roles include James Bond villain Karl Stromberg in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Éric Carradine in And God Created Woman (1956), and Professor Immanuel Rath in The Blue Angel (1959), and a war-weary U-boat captain in The Enemy Below (1957).
Q72 (New York City bus)
The Q72 bus route constitutes a public transit route along Junction Boulevard and 94th Street in Queens, New York City. It operates between the Rego Park and East Elmhurst neighborhoods of Queens, and extends into LaGuardia Airport at the north end of the borough. It is city-operated under the MTA Bus Company brand of MTA Regional Bus Operations.

The route was originally a streetcar line known as the North Beach line or Junction Boulevard line running primarily on Junction Avenue, the predecessor to Junction Boulevard, to the resorts of Queens' North Beach on the Bowery Bay coastline. Service began in the late 1890s either as a standalone shuttle service or to facilitate through service between the Flushing–Ridgewood Line and Grand Street Line. All three lines were replaced by city buses in the 1940s, though the Junction Boulevard route would be privately operated by Triboro Coach from 1961 to 2006 when it was taken over by the MTA Bus Company.

Ditmars Boulevard
Ditmars Boulevard, originally known as Ditmars Avenue, is a street located in northwest Queens, New York City. It is divided into two segments; one travels through the neighborhood of Ditmars, located within Astoria, and the other acts as a service road for the Grand Central Parkway near LaGuardia Airport in East Elmhurst.
WAVO
WAVO (1150 AM) is a non-profit radio station licensed to Rock Hill, South Carolina, and serving the Charlotte metropolitan area. Programming is simulcast from 106.9 WMIT Black Mountain, North Carolina, a listener-supported ministry of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. WAVO and WMIT air a mix of Contemporary Christian music with some Christian talk and teaching programs, including national religious leaders Jim Daly, John MacArthur, David Jeremiah, Chuck Swindoll and Charles Stanley. WMIT's radio studios and offices are on Porters Cove Road in Asheville.

By day, WAVO is powered at 5,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But to avoid interfering with other stations on 1150 AM, it greatly reduces power at night to 59 watts. WAVO is also heard on FM translator 101.5 W268DM.

Jim Daly (evangelist)
Jim Daly (born July 22, 1961) is the head of Focus on the Family, an international Christian communications ministry based in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  He succeeded founder James Dobson in 2005.

Daly is the main host of the Focus on the Family radio program.
Lee Woon-jae
Lee Woon-jae (Korean: 이운재; born 26 April 1973) is a South Korean football coach and former player. Considered one of the greatest Asian goalkeeper of all time, he played for the South Korea national team at the 1994, 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, and kept three clean sheets while reaching the semi-finals at the 2002 tournament. He is currently working as a goalkeeping coach at the Vietnam national team.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Master of Persia
Master of Persia (Persian: مستر آف پرشیا) , also known as M.O.P, is an Iranian progressive/death Middle Eastern folk metal band founded in Mashhad in 2005 by Meraj Ansari.

Their music fuses heavy metal with traditional Persian instruments like setar, with lyrical themes centered on ancient Persian history and culture.

Setar
A setar (Persian: سه‌تار, pronounced [seˈt̪ʰɒːɾ]) (lit: "Three Strings") is a stringed instrument, a type of lute used in Persian traditional music, played solo or accompanying voice. It is a member of the tanbur family of long-necked lutes with a range of more than two and a half octaves. Originally a three stringed instrument, a fourth string was added by Mushtaq Ali Shah by the mid 19th century. It is played with the index finger of the right hand.

It has been speculated that the setar originated in Persia by the 9th century AD   A more conservative estimate says "it originated in the 15th century, or even earlier."

Although related to the tanbur, in recent centuries, the setar has evolved so that, musically, it more closely resembles the tar, both in tuning and playing style.
Alfred Bock
Alfred Bock (14 October 1859, Giessen, Grand Duchy of Hesse – 6 March 1932, Giessen) was a German writer.  In 1924, Bock was awarded the prestigious Georg Büchner Prize, the most important literary prize for German language literature.

Bock was educated at the University of Giessen. Deutsche Biographie described Bock's style as "the art of a strong and comfortable bourgeoisie who takes people as forces of nature and the world without coloured glass."

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Joseph P. Reidy
Joseph Patrick Reidy (born 1948) is an historian of the American Civil War. He is a professor emeritus and retired associate provost at Howard University.

Reidy earned a BA in sociology from Villanova University, followed in 1974 by an M.A. from Northern Illinois University with a thesis  titled Negro election day and the New England Black community, 1750-1865. He received his PhD in history in 1982, also from Northern Illinois University with a thesis titled Masters and slaves, planters and freedmen: the transition from slavery to freedom in central Georgia, 1820-1880.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Tevester Anderson
Tevester Anderson (born February 25, 1937) is a retired American college basketball coach and former men's basketball head coach at Jackson State University and Murray State University. He is a native of Canton, Mississippi.

Anderson earned his bachelor's degree in pre-medicine from Arkansas AM&N University (now University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff) in 1962 and, in 1971, earned his master's degree in biological science from North Carolina A&T State University. He began his coaching career at Canton High School, where he served as head basketball coach; he also taught biology.

Jackson State University
Jackson State University (Jackson State or JSU) is a public historically black research university in Jackson, Mississippi. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Jackson State University's athletic teams, the Tigers, participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Jackson State is also the home of the Sonic Boom of the South, a marching band founded in the 1940s. Their accompanying danceline, the Prancing J-Settes, are known for their unique style of dance, known as "J-Setting".
Heinrich Botho Scheube
Heinrich Botho Scheube (August 18, 1853 – 4 March 1923) was a German physician born in Zeitz.

In 1876 he earned his doctorate from the University of Leipzig, and following graduation remained in Leipzig as an assistant in Carl Wunderlich's clinic for internal medicine. From 1877 to 1881 he taught classes at the medical school in Kyoto and was director at a government hospital. Prior to his return to Germany, he visited China, Siam, Java and Ceylon. In 1885 he received his habilitation at Leipzig, and subsequently practiced medicine in Greiz, a town in eastern Thuringia.

Scheube is largely known for his investigations of beriberi. He also studied diseases prevalent in the tropics, and contributed a number of articles in the field of tropical medicine to Eulenburg's Realencyklopädia. While in Japan he conducted research of Ainu culture and customs.

Greiz
Greiz (/ɡraɪts/ gryts; German pronunciation: [ɡʁaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the state of Thuringia, Germany, and is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.
Harworth Group
Harworth Group plc (commonly known as simply Harworth) is a property developer that specialises in regenerating brownfield sites in Yorkshire, the Midlands, and North West England. The company is headquartered in Rotherham in South Yorkshire. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a member of the FTSE 250 Index.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Pantosaurus
Pantosaurus ("all lizard") is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of what is now Wyoming. It lived in what used to be the Sundance Sea. It was originally named Parasaurus ("near lizard") by Othniel Charles Marsh in reference to Plesiosaurus, but that name was preoccupied, and Marsh changed it. The species Muraenosaurus reedii is in fact a junior synonym of Pantosaurus. The holotype YPM 543 is a partial articulated skeleton, partially prepared to yield a distal humerus, four articulated carpals, a fragment of the coracoid, and several isolated cervical vertebrae from the Upper Member of the Sundance Formation. Other material includes USNM 536963, USNM 536965, UW 3, UW 5544 and UW 15938.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
2018 Pakistan Cup
The 2018 Pakistan Cup was the third edition of the Pakistan Cup, a List A cricket competition which was contested between five teams. It was held from 25 April to 6 May 2018, with all the matches played at the Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad. Federal Areas were the defending champions.

Federal Areas were the first team to advance to the final, after they beat Punjab by 7 wickets. They were joined in the final with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, after the last group stage match, between Punjab and Sindh, finished as a tie. Federal Areas won the tournament, beating Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by five wickets in the final.

Punjab cricket team (Pakistan)
The Punjab cricket team was a cricket team representing the Punjab region in Pakistan first-class cricket. Punjab teams played in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from its inception in 1953–54 to 1957–58, then in the Pentangular Trophy and Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from 1972–73 to 1978–79, then in the Pentangular Cup from 2007–08 to 2011–12. They also won the inaugural 2008–09 Pentangular One Day Cup.

Apart from Punjab itself, Punjab A, Punjab B, Punjab Greens and Punjab Whites also represented the province in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy. Punjab won the Trophy in 1956–57, Punjab A won it in 1974–75, and Punjab won the Pentangular Cup in 2011–12.
Little Flower Mission
Little Flower Mission operated from 1938 to 1942 and it was a mission to Eastern Arrernte people who were living in and around the township of Alice Springs. The mission was established by Catholic missionaries, part of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart order.

Arrernte people
The Arrernte (/ˈʌrəndə/) people, (also Aranda, Arunta or Arrarnta), are a group of Aboriginal Australian peoples who live in the Arrernte lands, at Mparntwe (Alice Springs) and surrounding areas of the Central Australia region of the Northern Territory. Many still speak one of the various Arrernte dialects. Some Arrernte live in other areas far from their homeland, including the major Australian cities and overseas.

Arrernte spirituality focuses on the landscape and The Dreaming which the Arrernte name for is Altyerre. Altjira is the creator being of the Inapertwa that became all living creatures. Tjurunga are objects of religious significance.

The Arrernte Council is the representative and administrative body for the Arrernte Lands and is part of the Central Land Council.

Tourism is important to the economy of Alice Springs and surrounding communities.