hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M12 motorway (Great Britain)
The M12 motorway was a planned motorway starting in north-east London and joining the A12 road in Essex. The 1960s scheme would have started at a junction with the M11 motorway and North Circular and ended near Brentwood, Chelmsford, or at the proposed new Maplin Sands airport; the motorway was part of the ambitious London Ringways plan to build motorways throughout London. Although most of the Ringways plan was cancelled in 1969 the M12 motorway project was still included in the Roads for Prosperity white paper published in 1989 along with major proposed developments to the A12 road. It was not formally cancelled until 30 March 1994 by the  Secretary of State for Transport, John MacGregor.

John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market
John Roddick Russell MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market, OBE, PC, FKC (born 14 February 1937), is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Norfolk from 1974 to 2001. He served in the Cabinet as Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1985–87), Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1987–89), Secretary of State for Education and Science (1989–90), Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council (1990–92), and Secretary of State for Transport (1992–94). He was made a life peer in 2001.
Drosophila embryogenesis
Drosophila embryogenesis, the process by which Drosophila (fruit fly) embryos form, is a favorite model system for genetics and developmental biology. The study of its embryogenesis unlocked the century-long puzzle of how development was controlled, creating the field of evolutionary developmental biology. The small size, short generation time, and large brood size make it ideal for genetic studies. Transparent embryos facilitate developmental studies. Drosophila melanogaster was introduced into the field of genetic experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1909.

Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops  including  birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"), incomplete metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), or no metamorphosis ("ametaboly").

Generally organisms with a larval stage undergo metamorphosis, and during metamorphosis the organism loses larval characteristics.
The Lump of Coal
"The Lump of Coal" is a Christmas short story written by Lemony Snicket and illustrated by Brett Helquist. Originally published in the December 10–12, 2004 issue of the now-defunct magazine USA Weekend, it was re-released as a stand-alone book in 2008. It is meant to parody traditional children's Christmas stories, à la the 1823 poem 'Twas the Night Before Christmas. Though illustrated and relatively short, the book uses vocabulary above that of most children, including the term objets d'art. Many elements of the story are easily recognizable as Snicket-esque to A Series of Unfortunate Events readers, including a culturally intelligent and talented protagonist who is dismissed by many a mumpsimus.

Brett Helquist
Brett L. Helquist (born November 1965) is an American illustrator best known for his work in the children's book series A Series of Unfortunate Events. As such, his illustrations for that series have appeared in multiple media, including the books, the audio book covers, and the calendars. Helquist graduated from Brigham Young University (BYU) with a BFA in illustration in 1993. After graduation, he moved to New York City where he worked full-time as a graphic designer, occasionally drawing for newspapers and magazines. Helquist's work has been featured in children's magazines, along with The New York Times. He has illustrated almost 50 books.
Tetyana Andrushchenko
Tetyana Andrushchenko or Tanya Andryuschenko (born 6 September 1977) is a road cyclist from Ukraine. She represented her nation at the 2001 UCI Road World Championships and 2002 UCI Road World Championships. She became Ukrainian national time trial champion in 2001.

2002 UCI Road World Championships
The 2002 UCI Road World Championships took place in the region of Limburg, Belgium, between 8 and 13 October 2002. The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men, women, men under 23, junior men and junior women.
Moi Avenue (Mombasa)
Moi Avenue is a primary thoroughfare in Mombasa, Kenya. The road runs from west to east from Kilindini to a roundabout with Digo Road. Originally called the Kilindini Road, its name was later changed in recognition of Kenya's second president, Daniel arap Moi. The road consists of two two-lane carriageways, and like Jomo Kenyatta Avenue, a central median of approximately 3 feet (1 m) in width, along which flowers and shrubs are often planted.

Moi Avenue is known for the Mombasa tusks, two pairs of giant aluminium elephant tusks crossing the dual carriageway. The tusks were commissioned in commemoration of a visit to Mombasa by Queen Elizabeth in 1952 and have remained since that time. Initially the lower part of the tusks were illegally used for advertisement, but after the city council enforced strict laws the landmark has remained in its original form ever since.

Kilindini Harbour
Kilindini Harbour is a large, natural deep-water inlet extending inland from Mombasa, Kenya. It is 25–30 fathoms (46–55 m) at its deepest center, although the controlling depth is the outer channel in the port approaches with a dredged depth of 17.5 m (57 ft). It serves as the harbour for Mombasa, with a hinterland extending to Uganda.  Kilindini Harbour is the main part of the Port of Mombasa, the only international seaport in Kenya and the biggest port in east Africa. It is managed by the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA). Apart from cargo handling, Mombasa is frequented by cruise ships.

Kilindini is a Swahili term meaning "deep down" or "in the depths" in reference to the depth of the channel. Kilindini Harbor is an example of a natural geographic phenomenon called a ria, formed millions of years ago when the sea level rose and engulfed a river that was flowing from the mainland.
1986 Tokyo Indoor – Doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso were the defending champions, but Seguso did not participate this year.  Flach partnered Paul Annacone, losing in the first round.

Mike De Palmer and Gary Donnelly won the title, defeating Andrés Gómez and Ivan Lendl 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

Paul Annacone
Paul Annacone (born March 20, 1963) is an American former touring professional tennis player and current tennis coach. He is the former coach of 20-time Grand Slam winner Roger Federer, 14-time Grand Slam winner Pete Sampras, and 2017 US Open champion Sloane Stephens. Annacone is currently a coach at ProTennisCoach.com, a commentator at Tennis Channel, and works with Taylor Fritz.
PEN Award for Poetry in Translation
The PEN Award for Poetry in Translation is given by PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to honor a poetry translation published in the preceding year. The award should not be confused with the PEN Translation Prize. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN in over 145 PEN centers around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes. The award was called one of "the most prominent translation awards."

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
The dress
The dress was a 2015 online viral phenomenon centred on a photograph of a dress. Viewers disagreed on whether the dress was blue and black or white and gold. The phenomenon revealed differences in human colour perception and became the subject of scientific investigations into neuroscience and vision science.

The phenomenon originated in a photograph of a dress posted on the social networking platform Facebook. The dress was black and blue, but the conditions of the photograph caused many to perceive it as white and gold, creating debate. Within a week, more than ten million tweets had mentioned the dress. The retailer of the dress, Roman Originals, reported a surge in sales and produced a one-off version in white and gold sold for charity.

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
Supreme Court of Judicature (Guyana)
The Supreme Court of Judicature is Guyana's Supreme court. It exercises original jurisdiction over serious matters in Guyana of which a lower court (or, a magistrate's court) does not have the proper authority to operate and/or act on. Both Criminal and Civil appeals are made to the Supreme Court before moving to an appeals court. Thus, in Guyana the court hierarchy is a magistrate's court, the Supreme Court, and then the Appeals Court.The Supreme Court's hierarchy is a chancellor as the president of the court, assisted by a chief justice, with additional advisory justices if needed.

Lower court
A lower court or inferior court is a court from which an appeal may be taken, usually referring to courts other than supreme court. In relation to an appeal from one court to another, the lower court is the court whose decision is being reviewed, which may be the original trial court or some of appellate court lower in rank than the supreme court which is hearing the appeal. In other words, lower courts are 'lower' in hierarchical chain of appellate procedure than other higher appellate courts. Usually it is obligation of a lower court to follow the decision of higher appellate court, even in civil law countries where precedents have no binding power.

Some common law countries  use term "lower court" or "inferior court" as antonym for "superior court", meaning such lower courts have only limited jurisdiction according to importance of case (usually decided by monetary amount of claims). For information on this kind of courts, see Small claims court and superior court.
Pinehill, New Zealand
Pinehill is a small suburb in the East Coast Bays area of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb has only recently grown because of the housing estates being built in the area for the rapidly growing Albany area. Pinehill is regularly serviced by buses which go to Takapuna and the Auckland city centre. The Auckland Northern Motorway passes to the west of the suburb.

East Coast Bays
East Coast Bays is an urban area along the east coast of the North Shore in New Zealand. First established as independent borough during the 1950s, East Coast Bays became contiguous with the Auckland urban area and was amalgamated into North Shore City and later into Auckland Council. East Coast Bays lines the north-east coast of the city along the shore of the Hauraki Gulf and Rangitoto Channel. They include, from north to south, Long Bay, Torbay, Waiake Bay, Browns Bay, Rothesay Bay, Murrays Bay, Mairangi Bay, Campbells Bay and Castor Bay. Most of the East Coast Bays are covered under the East Coast Bays subdivision of the Hibiscus and Bays local board area.
Simply Beverages
Simply Beverages (also known as the Simply Orange Juice Company) is an American fruit juice company based in Apopka, Florida that was founded in 2001 and is a brand of The Coca-Cola Company. It makes several not-from-concentrate orange juices and other fruit juices that are sold refrigerated in a clear plastic bottle with a green twist top and large green seal.  The bottles have a wide body that starts tapering to a narrow neck at the top of the label.

The company, Simply Orange, is a major buyer of Florida oranges for its orange juice but also imports orange juice from Brazil and Mexico. It uses a computer-modeled system to blend the juice sources for a uniform taste throughout the year.

Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources like meat or seafood, such as clam juice. Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increases with a country's income level.
Ralph Roister Doister
Ralph Roister Doister is a sixteenth-century play by Nicholas Udall, which was once regarded as the first comedy to be written in the English language.

The date of its composition is disputed, but the balance of opinion suggests that it was written in about 1552, when Udall was a schoolmaster in London, and some theorise the play was intended for public performance by his pupils—who were all male, as were most actors in that period. The work was not published until 1567, 11 years after its author's death.

Schoolmaster
A schoolmaster, or simply master, is a male school teacher. The usage first occurred in England in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period. At that time, most schools were one-room or two-room schools and had only one or two such teachers, a second or third being often called an assistant schoolmaster. The use of the traditional term survives in British private schools, both secondary and preparatory, and in grammar schools, as well as in some Commonwealth boarding schools (such as the Doon School in India) which are modelled on British grammar and public schools.
Criccieth
Criccieth, also spelled Cricieth ([ˈkrɪkjɛθ] ⓘ), is a town and community in Gwynedd, Wales, on the boundary between the Llŷn Peninsula and Eifionydd. The town is 5 miles (8 km) west of Porthmadog, 9 miles (14 km) east of Pwllheli and 17 miles (27 km) south of Caernarfon. It had a population of 1,826 in 2001, reducing to 1,753 at the 2011 census.

The town is a seaside resort, popular with families. Attractions include the ruins of Criccieth Castle, which have extensive views over the town and surrounding countryside. In the centre is Y Maes, part of the original medieval town common.

The town is noted for its fairs, held on 23 May and 29 June every year, when large numbers of people visit the fairground and the market which spreads through many of the streets of the town.

The town styles itself the "Pearl of Wales on the Shores of Snowdonia".

Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a city, town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of an official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements such as in the German Seebad. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.
Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Army
The chief of staff of the Republic of Korea Army (CSA; Korean: 대한민국 육군참모총장; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍參謀總長), is the head of the Republic of Korea Army (ROKA). The position has existed since the founding of the ROKA in 1948, and was originally held by a lieutenant general, then by a general since 1968.

The appointment of the CSA, along with the chief of naval operations, chiefs of staff of the Air Force and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is referred to the State Council of South Korea for deliberation according to Article 89, Constitution of South Korea.

State Council (South Korea)
The State Council (Korean: 국무회의) is the chief executive body and national cabinet of South Korea involved in discussing "important policies that fall within the power of the Executive" as specified by the Constitution. The most influential part of the executive branch of the government of South Korea are the ministries.
Trimingham (surname)
Trimingham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

DeForest Wheeler Trimingham (1919–2007), Bermudian sailor

Ernest Trimingham (1880–1942), Bermudian actor

J. Spencer Trimingham (1904–1987), British missionary and scholar of Islam

Jim Trimingham, American politician

Jim Trimingham
Jim Trimingham was Mayor of the City of Pleasanton, California from 1952 to 1955.

Trimingham ran the first fleet of school buses for the Amador Valley Joint Union High School District from 1932 to 1946.

Trimingham was a member of the Stanford student group Immortal 21 who retrieved the symbolic Stanford Axe from the University of California, Berkeley in 1930. This was in response to Berkeley students stealing the Stanford Axe in 1899. Don Kropp founded the Immortal 21 and "hatched an elaborate plan [to steal the axe] that proved winning". Students from the Immortal 21 blinded the custodian of the axe while it was in transit from a bank vault to an armored car. Trimingham drove the Stanford Axe back at speeds of up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) on circuitous back roads to return the trophy back to Stanford University.
Epsilon Monocerotis
ε Monocerotis, Latinised as Epsilon Monocerotis, is the Bayer designation of a binary star system in the equatorial constellation Monoceros. Its location is a guide for sky navigation toward the Rosette Nebula.

The white-hued primary component has a stellar classification of A5 IV, suggesting it is an aging subgiant star. Its apparent magnitude is 4.39 and it is approximately 122 light years away based on parallax. It is reportedly a spectroscopic binary with a period around 331 days.

The B component, at a separation of around 12.3", is a yellow-white hued F-type main-sequence star of class F5 V and an apparent magnitude of 6.72.

Subgiant
A subgiant is a star that is brighter than a normal main-sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as  giant stars. The term subgiant is applied both to a particular spectral luminosity class and to a stage in the evolution of a star.
Snowboarding at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Snowboarding at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics was held at the Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena, Lillehammer and Hafjell in Øyer Municipality, Norway from 14 to 19 February. The snowboard cross was added for each gender.

Øyer Municipality
Øyer is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tingberg. The two largest villages in the municipality are Granrudmoen and Tretten.

The 640-square-kilometre (250 sq mi) municipality is the 182nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Øyer Municipality is the 182nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,134. The municipality's population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Andrew L. Emerson
Andrew Leonard Emerson (1803- March 23, 1835) was an American lawyer and politician from Maine.

Emerson was born in York, Massachusetts in 1803. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy before attending Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1820. He then studied law at Harvard Law School before finishing in the office of Simon Greenleaf. Emerson served two single year terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1828; 1829) and was the first Mayor of Portland, Maine in 1832. The city had previously been organized as a town. However, Emerson was forced to resign in November of that year due to tuberculosis. He died in March 1835 in Florida and is buried at Western Cemetery beside his wife. The Emerson School, built in 1897–1898 in the Munjoy Hill neighborhood, is named in Andrew Emerson's honor. It was used until the 1970s, when it was converted into affordable housing.

York, Maine
York is a town in York County, Maine, United States, near the southern tip of the state. The population in the 2020 census was 13,723. Situated beside the Atlantic Ocean on the Gulf of Maine, York is a well-known summer resort town. It is home to three 18-hole golf clubs, four sandy beaches, and Mount Agamenticus. From south to north, it is divided into the villages of Bald Head, York Village, York Harbor, York Beach and Cape Neddick.

York is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Lovego Plaza
Lovego Plaza (Chinese: 樂購廣場) is a shopping center located in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The mall started trial operations on 26 May 2022, and officially opened on 23 June 2022. With a total floor area of 52,900 m2 (569,000 sq ft), the mall has five storeys above ground and 2 storeys below ground. It is the largest shopping mall in north Kaohsiung and the main core stores include Showtime Cinemas, Uniqlo, Muji, Nitori, Daiso and various themed restaurants, such as Kura Sushi. It is located in close proximity to Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital metro station on the Red line of Kaohsiung Metro.

Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital metro station
Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital is the station on the Red line of Kaohsiung MRT in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Formerly Gangshan South station, it was renamed in 2024 with the extension of Red line to Gangshan station.

The station is an at-grade station. It is located in the KMRT North Depot. On 30 June 2024, the extension which link it with Gangshan station has been operated.
Toe the line
"Toe the line" is an idiomatic expression meaning either to conform to a rule or standard, or to stand in formation along a line. Other phrases which were once used in the early 1800s and have the same meaning were "toe the mark" and "toe the plank".

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").