hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doublet–triplet splitting problem
In particle physics, the doublet–triplet (splitting) problem is a problem of some Grand Unified Theories, such as  SU(5), SO(10), and . Grand Unified Theories predict Higgs bosons (doublets of ) arise from representations of the unified group that contain other states, in particular, states that are triplets of color. The primary problem with these color triplet Higgs is that they can mediate proton decay in supersymmetric theories that are only suppressed by two powers of GUT scale (i.e. they are dimension 5 supersymmetric operators). In addition to mediating proton decay, they alter gauge coupling unification. The doublet–triplet problem is the question 'what keeps the doublets light while the triplets are heavy?'

Trace (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is the sum of the elements on its main diagonal, . It is only defined for a square matrix (n × n).

The trace of a matrix is the sum of its eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities). Also, tr(AB) = tr(BA) for any matrices A and B of the same size. Thus, similar matrices have the same trace. As a consequence, one can define the trace of a linear operator mapping a finite-dimensional vector space into itself, since all matrices describing such an operator with respect to a basis are similar.

The trace is related to the derivative of the determinant (see Jacobi's formula).
Selim Kakış
Selim Kakış (born 16 June 1973 in Istanbul) is an dinghy sailor from Turkey. He has competed in the Laser Radial and 470 (dinghy) class.

He is 1995 European Champion in the Laser Radial class and was third in the World Championship in 1997.

In 2001, he took the silver medal in the 470 class at 2001 Mediterranean Games with Hasan Kaan Özgönenç.

He represented his country at 2004 Summer Olympics in the 470 class with Hasan Kaan Özgönenç. They finished 24th. His father Haluk and older brother İbrahim also represented their country in the sailing at the Summer Olympics.

2001 Mediterranean Games
The XIV Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 2001), commonly known as the 2001 Mediterranean Games, were the 14th Mediterranean Games held in Tunis, Tunisia, from 2–15 September 2001, where 2,991 athletes (1,972 men and 1,019 women) from 23 countries participated. There were a total of 230 medal events from 23 different sports.

France won the most gold medals in the competition (40) while Italy had the greatest medal haul overall with 136 in total. Turkey, Spain and Greece rounded out the top five, shortly followed by the host country in sixth place.
Two disability events were incorporated into the athletics programme – there was a 1500 m wheelchair race for men and an 800 m for women.

The Tunisian organisers of the Games decided not to hold the closing ceremony because of the September 11 attacks.
Swinton South (ward)
Swinton South (ward) is an electoral ward of Salford, England.  It is represented in Westminster by Rebecca Long-Bailey MP for Salford and Eccles. A profile of the ward conducted by Salford City Council in 2014 recorded a population of 11,458.

The ward is to be abolished following a review by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England

Local Government Boundary Commission for England
The Local Government Boundary Commission for England (LGBCE) is a parliamentary body established by statute to conduct boundary, electoral and structural reviews of local government areas in England. The LGBCE is independent of government and political parties, and is directly accountable to the Speaker's Committee of the House of Commons.
WCW/nWo Thunder
WCW/nWo Thunder is a professional wrestling video game based on the professional wrestling television show of the same name, developed by Inland Productions and released on the PlayStation console by THQ in January 1999. Thunder is the sequel to WCW Nitro and updates the previous game with new characters and features, including cage matches, battle royals, weapon use, and the ability to select what stable each wrestler competed for (this included WCW, nWo Hollywood, nWo Wolfpac, Raven's Flock, and The Four Horsemen). However, Thunder received poor reviews. Many of these were due to its graphics, style, and overall atmosphere, which bore too many similarities to WCW Nitro, along with concerns that the game was too easy.

New versions of the game's predecessor Nitro were released for Microsoft Windows (in December 1998 shortly before Thunder's release) and Nintendo 64 (in February 1999 shortly after Thunder's release). Both versions featured the updated roster from Thunder.

Battle royal (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a battle royal (sometimes battle royale), is a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until one is left and declared the winner. Typical battle royals begin with a number of participants in the ring, who are then eliminated by going over the top rope and having both feet touch the venue floor.
Anna Bader
Anna Bader (born 12 December 1983) is a German high diver. She competed in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series in 2013, 2014 and 2015, and the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia.

Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series
The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series, established in 2009 and created by Red Bull, is an annual international series of cliff diving events in which a limited number of competitors determine the Cliff Diving World Series winner.

Divers jump from a platform at a height ranging from 85–92 ft (26 to 28 m). Competitions are held in a limited number of venues around the globe.
Sarcocornia
Sarcocornia is a formerly recognized genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. Species are known commonly as samphires, glassworts, or saltworts. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that when separated from Salicornia, the genus is paraphyletic, since Salicornia is embedded within it, and Sarcocornia has now been merged into a more broadly circumscribed Salicornia. When separated from Salicornia, the genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is most diverse in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.

Cape Floristic Region
The Cape Floral Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.

The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, and is home to over 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.

Much of this diversity is associated with the fynbos biome, a Mediterranean-type, fire-prone shrubland. The economical worth of fynbos biodiversity, based on harvests of fynbos products (e.g. wildflowers) and eco-tourism, is estimated to be in the region of R77 million (~US$5 million) a year.
2024 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification
The 2024 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualifying competition was a women's under-19 football competition that determined the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Lithuania in the final tournament.

51 teams, including hosts Lithuania, entered the qualifying competition. Players born on or after 1 January 2005 were eligible to participate.

Luxembourg made their debut at the competition.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
Joshua Gage
Joshua Gage (August 7, 1763 – January 24, 1831) was a U.S. representative from Massachusetts.   Born in Harwich, Massachusetts, Gage completed preparatory studies.  In 1795, he moved to Augusta (then a part of Massachusetts' District of Maine).  He was a master mariner, and subsequently became engaged in mercantile pursuits. Gage was the Chairman of the Augusta, Massachusetts, Board of Selectmen, in 1803.  He served as member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and served in the Massachusetts State Senate.  He also served as Treasurer of Kennebec County from 1810 to 1831.

Gage was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819). After leaving the House Gage served as member of the Executive Council of Maine in Governor Parris' administration. Gage died in Augusta on January 24, 1831.

District of Maine
The District of Maine was the governmental designation for what is now the U.S. state of Maine from October 25, 1780, to March 15, 1820, when it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state. The district was a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and before American independence had been part of the British province of Massachusetts Bay.
Kiesel (surname)
Kiesel (German for "pebble") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annemieke Kiesel (born 1979), Dutch female football player

Bob Kiesel (1911–1993), American sprinter

Brianna Kiesel (born 1993), American basketball player

Dan Kiesel (born 1938), Israeli-German sports physiotherapist and osteopath

Hans Dieter Kiesel, German curler

Helmuth Kiesel (born 1947), German literary studies scholar

Herbert Kiesel (1931–2015), Swiss bobsledder

Kevin Kiesel (born 1959), American college football coach

Ryan Kiesel (1980–2025), American lawyer and politician in Oklahoma

Susi Kiesel, German curler

Helmuth Kiesel
Helmuth Kiesel (born 1 August 1947) is a German literary studies scholar who specializes in German literature from the period 1918 to 1945. He was professor of modern German literature at the University of Bamberg from 1987 to 1990 and at the Heidelberg University from 1990. Since 2015 he has been professor emeritus.

An expert on Ernst Jünger, Kiesel edited and commented Jünger's and Carl Schmitt's correspondence, published by Klett-Cotta Verlag in 1999. Kiesel's 720 pages long biography of Jünger, Ernst Jünger. Die Biografie, was published by Siedler Verlag in 2007.
Anton Karinger
Anton Karinger (1829-1870) was a Slovene painter and poet.

He was a pupil of Steinfeld in Vienna and is known for landscapes and seascapes, mostly views of Carinthia and the Adriatic coast.

Portrait of a Boy with a Dog, 1861

View of Lake Bohinj, 1862

His painting View of Mt. Triglav from Bohinj, along with other paintings of Triglav, became a symbol of the Carinthian Slovene people and is part of the core collection of the National Gallery of Slovenia.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Naresh Puri
Naresh Puri (born 1970) is an Indian politician from Punjab. He is an MLA from Sujanpur Assembly constituency in Pathankot District. He won the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, representing the Indian National Congress.

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022. Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.
Bergen Nunataks
The Bergen Nunataks (72°25′S 64°53′W﻿ / ﻿72.417°S 64.883°W﻿ / -72.417; -64.883) are a group of nunataks 14 nautical miles (26 km) north of the Journal Peaks in south-central Palmer Land. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from aerial photographs taken by the U.S. Navy, 1966–69, and named in 1977 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Michael Bergen, a United States Antarctic Research Program engineer at Palmer Station, winter party 1970.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.
Fonvizinskaya (Moscow Metro)
Fonvizinskaya (Russian: Фонвизинскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station of Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line. It is located between Butyrskaya and Petrovsko-Razumovskaya, at the intersection of Milashenkova Street with Fonvizina Street and Ogorodny Proyezd. It has one island platform. Ulitsa Milashenkova station of the Moscow Monorail was located close by until 2025. The name of the station derives from Fonvizina Street, which in turn was named after Denis Fonvizin, an 18th-century Russian playwright.

The extension of the line from Maryina Roshcha northwest to Petrovsko-Razumovskaya via Butyrskaya and Fonvizinskaya was originally planned to be opened in December 2015. The projected opening date was later shifted to 2016. The station was opened on 16 September 2016.

Denis Fonvizin
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (Russian: Денис Иванович Фонвизин, IPA: [dʲɪˈnʲis ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ fɐnˈvʲizʲɪn]; 14 April [O.S. 3 April] 1745 – 12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1792) was a Russian playwright and writer of the Russian Enlightenment. He was one of the founders of literary comedy in Russia. His main works are two satirical comedies—including The Minor, which mocks contemporary Russian gentry—which are still staged today.
Pyli
Pyli (Greek: Πύλη, romanized: Pýli) is a municipality in the Trikala regional unit, Greece. Situated 18 km west of Trikala, right at the bottom of two mountains Itamos, and Koziakas, which mark the beginning of the Pindos mountainline, Pyli marks the entrance to a great gorge and the natural path that leads to the city of Arta. The river Portaikos, a tributary of the river Pineios, runs through this location. The municipality of Pyli contains 7 municipal units, but the town itself has a population of about 4,000. Most inhabitants are either self-employed in business establishments. Agriculture and animal herding as an occupation has been largely abandoned, though the surrounding area is ideal for both (mountainous and flat terrain). Pyli had always been the major trade center for the surrounding settlements.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
2025 Grand Prix Hassan II
The 2025 Grand Prix Hassan II is a professional men's tennis tournament to be played in Marrakesh, Morocco on clay courts. It will be the 39th edition of the tournament and an ATP Tour 250 event on the 2025 ATP Tour. It will take place from 31 March until 6 April 2025.

Tristan Boyer
Tristan Boyer (born April 21, 2001) is an American tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 106 achieved on 8 September 2025. He also has a doubles ranking of No. 198 achieved on 23 September 2024.
WSJN-CD
WSJN-CD (channel 20) is a Class A religious television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The station is owned by Wanda Rolon and operated by Christian Television Network, along with satellite station WQSJ-CD (channel 20) in Quebradillas, Puerto Rico. WSJN-CD shares transmitter facilities with WELU (channel 34) at the Monte Renovados La Peña in Bayamón. The station has its studios and offices located at Barrio Piñas in Toa Alta.

Broadcast transmitter
A broadcast transmitter is an electronic device that radiates radio waves modulated with information content intended to be received by the general public.  Examples are a radio broadcasting transmitter which transmits audio (sound) to broadcast radio receivers (radios) owned by the public, or a television transmitter, which transmits moving images (video) to television receivers (televisions). The term often includes the antenna which radiates the radio waves, and the building and facilities associated with the transmitter. A broadcasting station (radio station or television station) consists of a broadcast transmitter along with the production studio which originates the broadcasts. Broadcast transmitters must be licensed by governments, and are restricted to specific frequencies and power levels. Each transmitter is assigned a unique identifier consisting of a string of letters and numbers called a callsign, which must be used in all broadcasts.
Michael Jackson's Halloween
Michael Jackson's Halloween is a one-hour animated television special that premiered on CBS on October 27, 2017. It was produced by Splash Entertainment.

The cast of voice actors includes Lucas Till, Kiersey Clemons, Jim Parsons, George Eads, Alan Cumming, Christine Baranski, Lucy Liu, and Brad Garrett. The special also features Michael Jackson's music, and a dance finale depicting Jackson himself.

The special was produced in collaboration with the Michael Jackson estate. John Branca and John MacClain, co-executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson, serve as executive producers. It is produced by Daniel Chuba and directed by Mark A.Z. Dippé. The special was created and produced by Optimum Productions, the company owned by Jackson's estate, with animation production by the Seoul-based VFX studio Hammerhead Productions.

Diedrich Bader
Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor. He is best known for his comedic and voice acting roles. He has appeared as a series regular in television sitcoms The Drew Carey Show, American Housewife, and Outsourced, along with recurring roles in Better Things and Veep. His film credits include The Beverly Hillbillies (1993), Office Space (1999), and Napoleon Dynamite (2004).

He has had a prolific voiceover career, playing characters such as Hoss Delgado in The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Zeta in The Zeta Project, Tank Evans in the films Surf's Up and Surf's Up 2: WaveMania, Dr. Meridian/Mandroid in Transformers: EarthSpark, and provided the voice of Bruce Wayne / Batman in multiple animated films and television series, beginning in 2008 with Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
Aurore Sarl
Aurore Sarl (English: Aurora) is a French aircraft manufacturer based in Sauvagnon, founded by Michel Barry in the late 1990s. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of light aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction.

The company is a French Société à responsabilité limitée (Sarl), a private limited company.

The company produces a series of wood and aircraft fabric aircraft under the trade name Air Souris Set (English: Flying Mouse Collection). The line includes the Aurore MB 04 Souris Bulle two-seater, as well as the Aurore MB 02 Souricette and Aurore MB 02-2 Mini Bulle single-seater ultralights.

The Aurore MB 02 Souricette has also been flown as an all-electric aircraft, designated as the BL1E Electra. It was first flown on 23 December 2007 at Aspres sur Buech airfield, in Hautes Alpes, France.

Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ot.z‿alp] ⓘ; Occitan: Auts Aups; English: Upper Alps) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is located in the heart of the French Alps, after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 141,220 as of 2019, which makes it the third least populated French department. Its prefecture is Gap; its sole subprefecture is Briançon. Its INSEE and postal code is 05.
Holford Knight
George Wilfrid Holford Knight (23 April 1877 – 26 April 1936) was Liberal parliamentary candidate and later Labour Party then National Labour MP for Nottingham South.

Knight was educated at the University of London before becoming a barrister with Middle Temple.  He was attached to the Central Criminal Court from 1911 to 1930, and then served as Recorder of West Ham from 1930 to 1937.

He first fought Wokingham in January 1910, and Bromley in 1918, both as a Liberal.  He then moved to the Labour Party, contesting Hackney South twice in 1922, and Plymouth Devonport in 1924.  He won Nottingham South for Labour from the Conservatives in 1929, held the seat as a National Labour candidate in 1931, but stood down in 1935.

Bromley (UK Parliament constituency)
Bromley was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1918 to 1974. Its most famous Member of Parliament (MP) was Harold Macmillan, who held the seat from 1945 to 1964 and served as Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963.

Like all 20th-century such seats for geographic zones it elected one MP, using the first past the post system of election. It lay in Kent until 1965 and Greater London thereafter.
Biggins
Biggins is a surname of English origin. People with the name include:

Bob Biggins (born 1946), American politician from Illinois

Brian Biggins (1940–2006), English football player

Christopher Biggins (born 1948), English actor and television personality

Francis Joseph Biggins (1884–1962), English football player

Jonathan Biggins (born 1960), Australian actor, singer, writer, and comedian

Patrick Biggins, American politician

Steve Biggins (born 1954), English football player and coach

Wayne Biggins (born 1961), English football player

Steve Biggins
Steven James Biggins (born 20 June 1954) is an English former footballer. A forward, he scored 66 goals in 237 league games in a 15-year career in the Football League.

Starting at Hednesford Town, he signed to Shrewsbury Town for £6,000 in December 1977 and helped the "Shrews" to the Third Division title in 1978–79, and also featured in Welsh Cup finals in 1979 and 1980. Transferring to Oxford United for £8,000 in July 1982, he helped the club to the Third Division title in 1983–84 and the Second Division title in 1984–85. He moved on to Derby County in October 1984. He had brief loan spells with Wolverhampton Wanderers and Port Vale, as both Derby and Port Vale won promotion in 1985–86. He spent a brief period playing in Sweden for Trelleborg before returning to England to play for Exeter City and non-League sides Telford United and Worcester City.