hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palestro ambush
The Palestro ambush, or Djerrah ambush, took place on 18 May 1956, during the Algerian War, near the village of Djerrah in the region of Palestro (now Lakhdaria) in Kabylie. A section of about forty men from the National Liberation Army (ALN) under the command of Lieutenant Ali Khodja ambushed a unit of 21 men from the 9th Colonial Infantry Regiment of the French Army commanded by Second Lieutenant Hervé Artur.

The ambush led to the complete destruction of the small unit of French marines, with a total of 20 French soldiers killed, including their commander, Hervé Artur. One French soldier was taken prisoner and later released. Algerian losses are unknown, but thought to number around one killed and a few wounded.

National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (Arabic: جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, romanized: Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; French: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
Fernando Vásquez
Fernando Iván Vásquez Arnez (born 24 May 1962) is a Bolivian geotechnical and mining engineer and politician who served as minister of mining and metallurgy from 8 May to 30 May 2020. He previously served as vice minister of productive development and metallurgical mining from 2019 to 2020 and as director of the environment and public consultation from 2006 to 2011. Shortly into his ministerial term, Vásquez stated that his white complexion made him incapable of being a member of the Movement for Socialism, causing broad condemnation and his removal from office less than a month after being appointed.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
Girija Prasad Koirala interim cabinet
The Girija Prasad Koirala interim cabinet was formed on 1 April 2007. The interim cabinet was formed as a national unity government which included the former Maoist rebels.

The cabinet was dissolved on 18 August 2008 following the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, following which Pushpa Kamal Dahal was appointed prime minister.

Prime Minister of Nepal
The prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The prime minister leads the Council of Ministers and holds the chief executive authority in the country. The prime minister must command majority support and maintain the confidence of the Pratinidhi Sabha to remain in office. If the prime minister loses this support, they are required to resign.

The official residence of the prime minister is located in Baluwatar, Kathmandu. The seat of the prime minister's office has been at Singha Darbar since Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana's reign (1901–1929).

The sitting prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence in Nepal.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned on September 9, 2025, following the Gen Z protests. During the interim, Sushila Karki has been serving as prime minister since September 12, 2025.
William Burt (politician)
William F. Burt (born in Deming, New Mexico) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the New Mexico Senate from 2011 to 2024. Burt served in the district 40 seat from his appointment January 14, 2011 by Governor of New Mexico Susana Martinez to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Dianna Duran, who was elected Secretary of State until the end of the legislative session.

Secretary of State of New Mexico
The secretary of state of New Mexico is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Twenty-six individuals have held the office of secretary of state since statehood. Since 1923, every elected New Mexican secretary of state has been a woman. The incumbent is Maggie Toulouse Oliver, a Democrat. Toulouse Oliver's election was forced early due to the resignation of former secretary of state Dianna Duran in October 2015, after criminal charges were filed by the Attorney General's Office alleging Duran converted campaign funds to personal gambling debt.
Joseph A. Smith (artist)
Joseph Anthony Smith (born September 5, 1936), also known as Jos. A. Smith, is an American artist who is best known for illustrating children's books. He has been a professional artist since 1961 and served as Professor of Fine Arts at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, since 1962.

Smith started his career as an editorial illustrator and cartoonist before shifting to children's book illustration. His work is held in permanent collections at the US National Portrait Gallery, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and other museums and galleries. He participated in 20 solo exhibitions primarily at colleges and universities but also at Staten Island Museum, Huntington Museum of Art, and Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial.

His papers are held at the University of Connecticut Library's Archives and Special Collections in the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
IBM System z9
IBM System z9 is a line of IBM mainframe computers.  The first models were available on September 16, 2005.  The System z9 also marks the end of the previously used eServer zSeries naming convention.  It was also the last mainframe computer that NASA ever used.

IBM eServer
IBM eServer was a family of computer servers from IBM. Announced in 2000, it combined the various IBM server brands (AS/400, Netfinity, RS/6000, S/390) under one brand. The various sub-brands were at the same time rebranded from:

IBM RS/6000 to IBM eServer pSeries, p for POWER

IBM AS/400 to IBM eServer iSeries, i for Integrated

IBM Netfinity to IBM eServer xSeries, x for eXtended architecture (with respect to "commodity" Intel-based servers)

IBM System/390 was replaced by the 64-bit IBM eServer zSeries, z for Zero downtime.

The RS/6000 SP supercomputer line was replaced by Blue Gene platform.
Malcolm McNeill
Malcolm Ivan McNeill (born 1945) is a jazz singer from New Zealand, based in Christchurch. He has performed and recorded with a range of international performers, including Dame Cleo Laine and Dame Kiri Te Kanawa.  With the latter, he recorded the music album Heart to Heart.  He has recorded with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and has nine studio albums.

He was born in Christchurch on 8 April 1945, and educated at Christchurch Boys' High School and the University of Canterbury.

Cleo Laine
Dame Cleo Laine, Lady Dankworth (born Clementine Dinah Bullock; 28 October 1927 – 24 July 2025) was an English singer and actress known for her scat singing. She was the wife of jazz composer and musician Sir John Dankworth and the mother of bassist Alec and singer Jacqui Dankworth. Laine had popular success with singles such as "You'll Answer To Me" and appeared in a range of musical theatre productions. She received a number of awards and honours including appointment as an OBE in 1979, and a Grammy in 1986; she became a dame in 1997.
Frequency (Nick Gilder album)
Frequency by Nick Gilder was released in 1979 on the Chrysalis record label.

In a 1979 review for the Birmingham Daily Post, Jonathan Daümler-Ford commented on "Gilder's annoying high vocals and the outstanding guitar work of James McCulloch".

Birmingham Post
The Birmingham Post is a weekly printed newspaper based in Birmingham, England, with distribution throughout the West Midlands. First published under the name the Birmingham Daily Post in 1857, it has had a succession of distinguished editors and has played an influential role in the life and politics of the city. It is currently owned by Reach plc. In June 2013, it launched a daily tablet edition called Birmingham Post Business Daily. In 2019, the website was scrapped to instead host the nationwide business news brand Business Live.
2021 Open Castilla y León
The 2021 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 35th edition of the tournament and part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in El Espinar, Segovia, Spain, between 26 July – 1 August 2021.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Rio Grande sucker
The Rio Grande sucker (Pantosteus plebeius) is a North American freshwater fish in the family Catostomidae. It has a typical bottom-feeding phenotype and fills lower trophic levels alongside Rio Grande cutthroat trout and Rio Grande chub species. It is smaller sized in comparison to its other family members, with females being the larger between sexes. Coloration tends to benefit the species due to counter-shading patterns. It is endemic to the Rio Grande basin and was once common throughout. The species has maintained a population in New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Northern Mexico, but has faced challenges from the pressure of non-native species, habitat loss, degradation, and a variety of other aquatic ecosystem changes. There is current pressure from environmental organizations to federally list the species as threatened or endangered.

Formerly placed in the genus Catostomus, it is now placed in the genus Pantosteus.

Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.  Within a food web, a food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food web starts at trophic level 1 with primary producers such as plants, can move to herbivores at level 2, carnivores at level 3 or higher, and typically finish with apex predators at level 4 or 5.  The path along the chain can form either a one-way flow or a part of a wider food "web".  Ecological communities with higher biodiversity form more complex trophic paths.

The word trophic derives from the Greek τροφή (trophē) referring to food or nourishment.
Butler Knob
Butler Knob is a peak on the Jacks Mountain ridge in south central Pennsylvania in the United States. The "Knobs" summit is underlain with weather resistant quartzite of the Tuscarora Formation (Silurian Age). Butler Knob is accessible by a rough road, where there is a closed firetower on the summit. The firetower presently hold a weather station that gives current forecasts for the area (see link below).

There are views available from a nearby scree slope. The views are mainly east, south and west from here; the summits of Big Mountain, Sideling Hill, Williamsburg Mountain  and Blue Knob can be seen in the distance. Butler Knob is located within the Rothrock State Forest, all camping and activities on the mountain are subject to the rules and regulations of that agency.

Rothrock State Forest
Rothrock State Forest is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #5. The main offices are located in Huntingdon in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Rothrock State Forest is located in Centre, Huntingdon, and Mifflin Counties.

State College, home of Penn State University is only a few miles from many of the entrances of Rothrock, leading to high utilization of the forest by students and staff of the university. Rothrock shares a common border on its eastern portion with Bald Eagle State Forest and is just north of areas of Tuscarora State Forest.
Alexander Virgili
Alexander Virgili (Naples) is an Italian political scientist with expertise in international relations, protocol, and disaster management. He is currently serving as Secretary General of the Corpo Italiano di San Lazzaro and of the Centro Studi Internazionali and as a member of the Advisory Board of the Lazarus Union.

Lazarus Union
The Corps Saint Lazarus International (CSLI), or simply the Lazarus Union, is an international non-governmental organization that focuses on humanitarian aid and civil protection, whilst following the principles of Saint Lazarus; tolerance, humility, mercy and charity.
The Lazarus Union has members in more than 120 countries and enjoys General Consultative Status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations.
Thioformaldehyde
Thioformaldehyde is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2S.  It is the simplest thioaldehyde.  This compound is not observed in the condensed state (solid or liquid) because it oligomerizes to 1,3,5-trithiane, which is a stable colorless compound with the same empirical formula.

Despite the instability of these concentrated forms, thioformaldehyde as a dilute gas has been extensively studied.  For these purposes, it is produced by thermal decomposition of dimethyl disulfide.  The molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium and has attracted much attention for its fundamental nature.  The tendency of thioformaldehyde to form chains and rings is a manifestation of the double bond rule.

Although thioformaldehyde tends to oligomerize, many metal complexes are known.  One example is Os(SCH2)(CO)2(PPh3)2.

Double bond rule
In chemistry, the double bond rule states that elements with a principal quantum number (n) greater than 2 for their valence electrons (period 3 elements and higher) tend not to form multiple bonds (e.g. double bonds and triple bonds). Double bonds for these heavier elements, when they exist, are often weak due to poor orbital overlap between the n>2 orbitals of the two atoms.  Although such compounds are not intrinsically unstable, they instead tend to dimerize or even polymerize. Moreover, the multiple bonds of the elements with n=2 are much stronger than usual, because lone pair repulsion weakens their sigma bonding but not their pi bonding. An example is the rapid polymerization that occurs upon condensation of disulfur, the heavy analogue of O2. Numerous exceptions to the rule exist. Several exceptions of this rule have been already made.
Conleith Gilligan
Conleith "Deets" Gilligan (born 17 December 1979) is a Gaelic footballer who played for the Derry county team, with whom he won two National League titles.

Gilligan plays his club football for Ballinderry Shamrocks. He was involved in Ballinderry's win in the 2002 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, and he has also won four Derry Championships and an Ulster Senior Club Football Championship with the club.

Gilligan usually plays as a playmaker in the forward line.

Derry county football team
The Derry county football team represents Derry GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Derry's home ground is Celtic Park. The team's manager is Ciarán Meenagh.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2023, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1993 and the National League in 2024.

The team is nicknamed the Oak Leafers.
Love and Kisses (film)
Love and Kisses is a 1965 American comedy film starring Rick Nelson (formerly "Ricky Nelson") as a young man who tries to grow up and emancipate himself from his middle-class parents by getting married. Based on the 1963 stage play of the same name by Anita Rowe Block, the film was written, produced and directed by Nelson's father, Ozzie Nelson.

Ozzie Nelson
Oswald George Nelson (March 20, 1906 – June 3, 1975) was an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and bandleader. He originated and starred in The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, a radio and television series with his wife Harriet and two sons David and Ricky Nelson.
Saparbay
Saparbay (also as Sepabayi; Chinese: 色帕巴依乡; pinyin: Sèpàbāyī Xiāng) is a township of Akqi County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Located in the east of the county, it covers an area of 2,066 kilometres with a population of 3,004 (2010 Census), the main ethnic group is Kyrgyz. The township has 3 administrative villages (as of 2018) and 7 unincorporated villages under jurisdiction, its seat is at Saparbay Village (色帕巴依).

The name of "Saparbay" was from the Kyrgyz language, meaning "traffic main artery" (交通要道). The township is located in the east of the county, 25 kilometers east of the county seat Akqi Town.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
Sione Faletau
Sione Faletau (born 20 June 1988) is a Tonga rugby union player. His usual position is as a Prop, and he currently plays for Bristol Bears.

Faletau  has previously played for Tonga and Yorkshire Carnegie. In March 2017 he was signed to Bristol.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Mary Jane Kelly
Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette Kelly, Fair Emma, Ginger, Dark Mary and Black Mary, is widely believed by scholars to have been the final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, who murdered at least five women in the Whitechapel and Spitalfields districts of London from late August to early November 1888. At the time of her death, Kelly was approximately 25 years old, working as a prostitute and living in relative poverty.

Unlike the other four canonical Ripper victims—each of whom had been murdered outdoors and whose mutilations could have been committed within minutes—Kelly was murdered within the sparsely furnished single room she rented at 13 Miller's Court, affording her murderer an extensive period of time to eviscerate and mutilate her body. Kelly's body was by far the most extensively mutilated of the canonical victims, with her mutilations taking her murderer approximately two hours to perform.

Disembowelment
Disembowelment, disemboweling, evisceration, eviscerating or gutting is the removal of organs from the gastrointestinal tract (bowels or viscera), usually through an incision made across the abdominal area. Disembowelment is a standard routine operation during animal slaughter. In ancient Rome, disembowelment of animals was practiced for divination, and was known as haruspicy. Disembowelment of humans may result from an accident, but has also been used as a method of torture or execution. In such practices, disembowelment may be accompanied by various forms of torture or the removal of other vital organs.
Plenti
Plenti was an American rewards program created by American Express in 2015 and discontinued in 2018. During its operation, Plenti let users earn points at one retailer and use them at the same or other retailers that were enrolled in the program.

Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company and affiliated companies, commonly shortened to Nationwide, is a group of large U.S. insurance and financial services companies based in Columbus, Ohio. The company also operates regional headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona and Des Moines, Iowa. Nationwide currently has approximately 24,000 employees, and is ranked No. 72 in the 2025 Fortune 500 list.

Nationwide Financial Services (NFS), a component of the group, was partially floated on the New York Stock Exchange prior to being repurchased by Nationwide Mutual in 2009. It had owned the majority of NFS common stock since it had gone public in 1997.
Murray Kennett
Murray Kennett (born June 28, 1952, in Kamloops, British Columbia) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He played for the Indianapolis Racers and Edmonton Oilers.

Indianapolis Racers
The Indianapolis Racers were a major league ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1974 to 1978. They competed in four full seasons before folding 25 games into the 1978–79 season. They played at Market Square Arena. They were the first major league professional team to secure Wayne Gretzky and Mark Messier.
Carl Schroeder (pianist)
Carlton Schroeder is an American jazz pianist who was an accompanist to Sarah Vaughan in the 1970s. Schroeder taught at the Musician's Institute in Los Angeles, California from the 1980s until his retirement in 2015. Carlton Schroeder has also played with Art Blakey, Howard Roberts, Roy Haynes, Jimmy Cobb, Joe Henderson, Frank Sinatra and Mel Torme.

Mel Tormé
Melvin Howard Tormé (September 13, 1925 – June 5, 1999), nicknamed "the Velvet Fog", was an American musician, singer, composer, arranger, drummer, actor, and author. He composed the music for "The Christmas Song" ("Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire") and co-wrote the lyrics with Bob Wells. Tormé won two Grammy Awards and was nominated a total of 14 times.