hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax and Customs Board
The Tax and Customs Board (Estonian: Maksu- ja Tolliamet), also known by its acronym MTA, is the taxation authority in the Republic of Estonia. It is an agency of the Ministry of Finance.

The agency deals with collection of revenue for the state budget, the implementation of tax laws, customs rules and related legislation, enforcement, licensing gambling companies and lottery organisations, supervision and inspection of gambling and lotteries, and provision of service to citizens and e-residents to aid in fulfilment of tax liability and customs procedures.

Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation.

Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws.
Meredith Jemima Brown
Meredith Jemima Brown (25 October 1846 – 5 November 1908) was a Scottish social reformer from Aberdeen who founded the Shaftesbury Institute in London, which offered a safe space for young women arriving in the British capital.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Rumi ghazal 163
Rumi's ghazal 163, which begins Beravīd, ey harīfān "Go, my friends", is a Persian ghazal (love poem) of seven verses by the 13th-century poet Jalal-ed-Din Rumi (usually known in Iran as Mowlavi or Mowlana). The poem is said to have been written by Rumi about the year 1247 to persuade his friend Shams-e Tabriz to come back to Konya from Damascus.

In the poem Rumi asks his friends to fetch his beloved friend back home, and not accept any excuses. In the second half he praises his beloved and describes his marvellous qualities. He finishes by sending his greetings and offers his service.

The poem is popular in Persian-speaking countries and has been set to music by a number of musicians including the Afghan singers Hangama and Ahmad Zahir. It is also famous for a miniature painting of 1503 containing three of the verses and illustrated with a picture of Shams-e Tabriz playing chess.

Hangama
Hangāma (Dari/Pashto: هنگامه) is an Afghan singer who has been active since 1975. Besides Afghanistan, she is also known in Tajikistan and Iran. Before her emigration from Afghanistan in the 1980s, she was regarded as one of the most popular female singers of the country.
Chris Graham (boxer)
Clifford "Chris" J. Graham (18 March 1900 – 24 May 1986) was a Canadian boxer, born in Toronto, who competed in the 1920s. As a bantamweight, he won the silver medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics, losing to Clarence Walker in the final. Four years later in Paris, he once again represented his native country at the Summer Olympics. This time he was eliminated in the second round of the lightweight class after losing his fight to Ben Rothwell. Graham was affiliated with Riverside Athletic Club of Toronto.

Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Lightweight
The men's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 135.5 pounds (61.2 kilograms). The competition was held from July 16, 1924 to July 20, 1924. 30 boxers from 22 nations competed.
Ñuflo Chávez Ortiz
Ñuflo Chávez Ortiz (3 October 1923 – 2 July 1996) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician. He was 28th vice president of Bolivia during the first Government of Hernán Siles Zuazo since August 1956 till he resigned in 1957. He was one of the founders of MNR (National Revolutionary Movement), along with Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Wálter Guevara Arze, Carlos Montenegro, Germán Monroy Block and Lidia Gueiler Tejada, amongst others.

Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionarioⓘ, MNR) is a centre-right, conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941.
County Dublin (UK Parliament constituency)
County Dublin was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, which returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created under the Acts of Union 1800, replacing the constituency of County Dublin in the Irish House of Commons. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, before the 1885 general election, it was replaced with two new county divisions, South Dublin and North Dublin.

Acts of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 (Irish: Achtanna an Aontais 1800) were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The acts came into force between 31 December 1800 and 1 January 1801, and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801.

Provisions of the acts remain in force, with amendments and some Articles repealed, in the United Kingdom, but they have been repealed in their entirety in the Republic of Ireland.
Transtek Medical
Transtek Medical (Chinese: 乐心医疗; SZSE: 300562; simply as Transtek), commonly known as Lifesense, fully referred to as Guangdong Transtek Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., is a Chinese wearable device maker that also focuses on the field of mobile health. The company was founded by Weichao Pan in 2002, with its main products being home medical and health electronics, such as scales, smart bracelets and blood pressure monitors.

According to IDC, the company shipped one million units of wearables in the second quarter of 2016, ranking fifth in the global wearable devices market, coming in behind Fitbit, Apple and Garmin. Transtek's IPO application was approved by the CSRC in October 2016. On November 16, it landed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol "300562.SZ".

Sphygmomanometer
A sphygmomanometer (/ˌsfɪɡmoʊməˈnɒmɪtər/ SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, blood pressure machine, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. Manual sphygmomanometers are used with a stethoscope when using the auscultatory technique.

A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit (the mercury manometer, or aneroid gauge), and a mechanism for inflation which may be a manually operated bulb and valve or a pump operated electrically.
André Barbeau
André Barbeau, OC MSRC (27 May 1931 – 9 March 1986) was a French Canadian neurologist. He was known for his research into Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia and taurine research.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Collège Stanislas and his medical degree from the Université de Montréal.

He was the director of the neurobiology department at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Montreal Clinical Research Institute), affiliated with the Université de Montréal.

In 1980, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1985, he was awarded the Quebec government's Prix Marie-Victorin. In 1986, he was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's McLaughlin Medal. He died in 1986 and was buried in Notre-Dame-des Cemetery in Montreal.

Prix Marie-Victorin
The Prix Marie-Victorin (French pronunciation: [pʁi maʁi viktɔʁɛ̃]) is an award by the Government of Quebec that is part of the Prix du Québec, which "goes to researchers in the pure and applied sciences whose work lies in fields outside biomedicine. These fields include the natural and physical sciences, engineering, and technology, and the agricultural sciences". It is named in honour of Brother Marie-Victorin.
James Samuel Gallagher
James Samuel Gallagher (1845-1907) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1883 as well as a justice of the peace. He was a Democrat. Gallagher was born on May 21, 1845, in Braddock, Pennsylvania. He died on March 7, 1907, at his home in Gratiot, Wisconsin.

Democratic Party of Wisconsin
The Democratic Party of Wisconsin is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is currently headed by chair Devin Remiker.

Important issues for the state party include support for workers and unions, strong public education, and environmental protection. It currently controls two of Wisconsin's eight U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and the governorship. Additionally, Democratic-aligned justices control a majority on the state Supreme Court.
Bar recursion
Bar recursion is a generalized form of recursion developed by C. Spector in his 1962 paper. It is related to bar induction in the same fashion that primitive recursion is related to ordinary induction, or transfinite recursion is related to transfinite induction.

Bar induction
Bar induction is a reasoning principle used in intuitionistic mathematics, introduced by L. E. J. Brouwer.  Bar induction's main use is the intuitionistic derivation of the fan theorem, a key result used in the derivation of the uniform continuity theorem.

It is also useful in giving constructive alternatives to other classical results.

The goal of the principle is to prove properties for all infinite sequences of natural numbers (called choice sequences in intuitionistic terminology), by inductively reducing them to properties of finite lists.  Bar induction can also be used to prove properties about all choice sequences in a spread (a special kind of set).
Andrew Barron (speed skater)
Andrew Barron (born May 2, 1951 in Penrith, Cumberland, England) is a former ice speed skater, who represented Canada in two consecutive Winter Olympics, starting in 1972 in Sapporo, Japan. Barron is a resident of Canmore, Alberta.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Nick Foster (Australian racing driver)
Nicholas Foster (born 13 February 1993) is an Australian racing driver who last competed in the 24H Series for Prime Speed Sport. He has competed in such categories as LMP2, LM GTE and GT3, most notably winning the IGTC's California 8 Hours in 2018.

Intercontinental GT Challenge
The Intercontinental GT Challenge (IGTC) is a sports car racing series developed by the SRO Group in 2016. It consists of international endurance races for grand tourer racing cars complying with the FIA's GT3 regulations.
1915 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1915 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's championships were held at the 22nd Regiment Armory in New York City, New York, and they took place March 4. Women's championships were not officially held until 1927.

The Irish American Athletic Club led in scoring, though athletes representing Boston won two events at the start of the championships.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
Lakesia Collins
Lakesia Collins is an American union organizer and politician serving as a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate for the 5th district, located on the West Side of Chicago. She previously served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 9th district from 2020 to 2023. Collins won the Democratic primary election for the 5th district in the House in 2020, and was appointed to the seat shortly afterwards to replace retiring incumbent Art Turner. She won election to full terms in 2020 and 2022, and served as the Treasurer for the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus. On August 16, 2023, she was appointed to the 5th district seat in the Senate to replace retiring incumbent Patricia Van Pelt.

Illinois's 5th House of Representatives district
Illinois's 5th House of Representatives district is a Representative district within the Illinois House of Representatives located in Cook County, Illinois. It has been represented by Democrat Lamont Robinson since January 2, 2019. The district was previously represented by Democratic Lieutenant Governor Juliana Stratton from 2017 to 2019.

The district covers parts of Chicago, and of Chicago's neighborhoods, it covers parts of Armour Square, Avalon Park, Douglas, Englewood, Fuller Park, Grand Boulevard, Greater Grand Crossing, Loop, Near North Side, Near South Side, South Shore, Washington Park, and Woodlawn.
Ana Bărbosu
Ana Maria Bărbosu (born 26 July 2006) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She won the bronze medal in the floor exercise at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She is also the 2025 European floor exercise champion and all-around bronze medalist. She is a six-time European junior champion, having won all junior events at the 2020 European Championships, including the team event. Bărbosu is also a three-time Romanian national all-around champion.

2022 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 2022 FIG World Cup circuit in Artistic Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) in 2022.  Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Gymnastics Federation implemented restrictions regarding the use of Russian and Belarusian anthems and flags for the competitions in Cottbus and Doha.  Starting March 7, the FIG banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from taking part in FIG-sanctioned competitions.
Bobby Messano
Bobby Messano (born June 23, 1954) is an American artist, guitarist and musician.  He has recorded and toured with STARZ, Lou Gramm, Steve Winwood, Clarence Clemons, Franke and the Knockouts, and Peter Criss.

Lou Gramm
Louis Andrew Grammatico (born May 2, 1950), known professionally as Lou Gramm, is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as co-founder and original frontman of the rock band Foreigner from 1976 to 1990 and again from 1992 to 2003, during which time the band had numerous successful albums and singles.

Gramm is considered among the greatest and most successful rock vocalists of his generation. He co-wrote most of Foreigner's hits with bandmate Mick Jones. Together, they are inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame class of 2013. In 2024, Gramm was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Foreigner.
Peter Dawson (priest)
Christianity portal

Peter Dawson (31 March 1929 – 6 January 2013)   was  Archdeacon of Norfolk from 1977 to 1993. accessed 23 Dec 2016

Dawson was educated at Manchester Grammar School. After National Service he continued his education at Keble College, Oxford and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1955. His first post was at curate at St Lawrence, Morden.He was Vicar of Barston from 1959 to 1963; Rector of St Clement, Higher Openshaw from 1963 to 1968. Returning to his first parish he was Rector of Morden from 1968 to 1977, and Rural Dean of Merton from 1975 until his appointment as Archdeacon.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
R. N. Manickam
Rishiyur Nataraja Manickam (1 July 1919 – 11 September 2015) was an Indian Police Service officer in the Intelligence Bureau and the Research and Analysis Wing, and retired as Principal Director in R&AW's co-agency, Directorate General of Security. He was Director of the Aviation Research Centre during the Bangladesh War.

Directorate General of Security (India)
The Directorate General of Security is an organisation of covert operations under India's Cabinet Secretariat. It is one of the four legally defined intelligence organisations of India and listed in the Schedule of the Intelligence Organisations (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1985, the other three being I.B., R&AW and NTRO. Since 1971, the Secretary, Research and Analysis Wing has usually held the post of Director General. This organisation used to be composed of Special Service Bureau (now Sashastra Seema Bal), Aviation Research Centre, Special Frontier Force and Chief Inspectorate of Armaments. Since the shifting of SSB and CIOA to the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2001, DGS consists of ARC and SFF only. The Special Group, a non-Tibetan and Sarsawa-based unit of SFF, is also a DGS component.
Allie Sherlock
Allie Sherlock (born 7 April 2005) is an Irish singer, guitarist, songwriter, and busker. A video of her performing a cover of Ed Sheeran's "Supermarket Flowers" went viral on YouTube in June 2017. She appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in 2018. Sherlock has performed frequently on Grafton Street in Dublin, Ireland.

Kodaline
Kodaline (/ˈkoʊdəlaɪn/) are an Irish rock band. Originally known as 21 Demands, the band adopted their current name in 2012 to coincide with the changing of their music. The group comprises Steve Garrigan, Vincent May, Mark Prendergast, and Jason Boland.

Garrigan and May grew up in Swords, County Dublin, and have known each other since childhood. May and Garrigan attended Colaiste Choilm CBS, Swords, where they participated in battles of the bands. Boland joined the group in 2012. They have released four albums: In a Perfect World (2013), Coming Up for Air (2015), and Politics of Living (2018). Their fourth album, One Day at a Time, was released on 12 June 2020. In October 2025, the band announced they would be disbanding after the release of a fifth and final album.
Boxing at the 2022 Mediterranean Games – Men's lightweight
The men's lightweight (60 kg) competition of the boxing events at the 2022 Mediterranean Games in Oran, Algeria, was held from 27 June to 1 July at the EMEC Hall.

Like all Mediterranean Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss.

2022 Mediterranean Games
The 2022 Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 2022, romanized: ʾAlʿāb al-Baḥr al-ʾAbyaḍ al-Mutawassiṭ 2022), officially known as the XIX Mediterranean Games and commonly known as Oran 2022, was an international multi-sport event held from 25 June to 6 July 2022 in Oran, Algeria. Oran was announced as the host city at the ICMG General Assembly in Pescara, Italy, on 15 August 2015. They were supposed to take place in 2021, but they were delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 3,298 athletes (2,014 men and 1,284 women) took part in the games. When the event held in 2022, this cycle become the 4-year cycle of the event.
Kajal Nishad
Kajal Nishad (born 1 June 1982) is an Indian actress and politician. She has acted in a number of TV series and Bhojpuri films, though is best known for her character Chameli in the SAB TV comedy soap Lapataganj (2009-2010) and Bhojpuri film Shaadi Biyah. She was engaged in another of the channel's serial, Tota Weds Maina, where she portrayed the role of Ram Katori Chachi. She also played the role of Kanak Tripathi in Colors TV's Ishq Ka Rang Safed. She contested the 2012 Uttar Pradesh election from Gorakhpur (Rural) constituency on an Indian National Congress (INC) candidacy and is contesting the 2024 general election from Gorakhpur Lok Sabha constituency on a Samajwadi Party (SP) candidacy as a part of the INDIA Alliance.

2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election followed as a result the expiration of the five-year term of the previous legislature elected in Uttar Pradesh, India. The election to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly was held in seven phases from 8 February through 3 March 2012.  Uttar Pradesh has the world's largest population for a sub-national democracy. The incumbent chief minister Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party, which previously won an absolute majority of seats, was defeated by Mulayam Singh Yadav's Samajwadi Party, which gained an absolute majority in the election. Mulayam's son and Samajwadi party state president Akhilesh Yadav was nominated as chief minister by the party.
The writing hand
The writing hand is a mechanical automaton created by Friedrich von Knauss in 1764. A clockwork mechanism moves a hand which dips a pen into an inkstand and writes the phrase "Huic Domui Deus / Nec metas rerum / Nec tempora ponat" ("May God not impose ends or deadlines on this house") on a small card. On the silver-coating of the mechanism are the words "Pro patria".

The instrument was dedicated by von Knauss to the House of Lorraine, which ruled at that time in Tuscany.

The object is housed in Room 10 of the Museo Galileo in Florence (inventory no. 3195). It is made of copper and silver and measures 680mm x 1000mm.

Museo Galileo
Museo Galileo (formerly Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza; Institute and Museum of the History of Science) is located in Florence, Italy, in Piazza dei Giudici, along the River Arno and close to the Uffizi Gallery. The museum, dedicated to astronomer and scientist Galileo Galilei, is housed in Palazzo Castellani, an 11th-century building which was then known as the Castello d'Altafronte.

Museo Galileo owns one of the world's major collection of scientific instruments, which bears evidence of the role that the Medici and Lorraine Grand Dukes attached to science and scientists.

The Museo di Storia della Scienza re-opened to the public with the new name Museo Galileo in June 2010, after a two-year closure due to redesigning and renovation work. Its name change celebrates the 400-year anniversary of Galileo's Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger), first published in March of 1610.