hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K-edge
In X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the K-edge is a sudden increase in x-ray absorption occurring when the energy of the X-rays is just above the binding energy of the innermost electron shell of the atoms interacting with the photons. The term is based on X-ray notation, where the innermost electron shell is known as the K-shell. Physically, this sudden increase in attenuation is caused by the photoelectric absorption of the photons. For this interaction to occur, the photons must have more energy than the binding energy of the K-shell electrons (K-edge). A photon having an energy just above the binding energy of the electron is therefore more likely to be absorbed than a photon having an energy just below this binding energy or significantly above it.

The energies near the K-edge are also objects of study, and provide other information.

Photon energy
Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and thus, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the wavelength. The higher the photon's frequency, the higher its energy. Equivalently, the longer the photon's wavelength, the lower its energy.

Photon energy can be expressed using any energy unit. Among the units commonly used to denote photon energy are the electronvolt (eV) and the joule (as well as its multiples, such as the microjoule). As one joule equals 6.24×1018 eV, the larger units may be more useful in denoting the energy of photons with higher frequency and higher energy, such as gamma rays, as opposed to lower energy photons as in the optical and radio frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Fanaero-Chile Chincol
The Fanaero-Chile Chincol (named for a South American sparrow) was a prototype trainer aircraft developed in Chile in 1955 for air force use. It was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed construction, with fabric covered wooden wings and tail surfaces (making extensive use of Mañío, an indigenous wood). It was fitted with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage and was powered by a single 215 horsepower (160 kW) Continental O-470 air-cooled horizontally opposed piston engine. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, and were enclosed under a long canopy. The prototype Chincol made its maiden flight on 14 December 1955. The Chilean Air Force responded positively to the design, and placed an order for 50 machines. However, technical problems significantly delayed manufacture, and the order was cancelled before the aircraft were produced.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Broadcast Twelve Records
Broadcast Twelve Records was a United Kingdom based record label introduced in 1928 to partner the regular "Broadcast" brand records introduced in 1927.  These brands replaced the Aco Records label. The manufacturer of the discs were the Vocalion Gramophone Company. "Broadcast" discs were 8-inch (later increased to 9-inch) and "Broadcast Twelve" discs were 10-inch 78rpm gramophone records, but with small labels and a fine groove pitch so they would play as long as regular 10- and 12-inch discs respectively. They ceased production in 1934.

The label was a subsidiary of the British branch of Vocalion Records.  A full listing of Broadcast records was published by the City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society CLPGS in 2017.

The City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society
The City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society (CLPGS) is a British society and registered charity dedicated to the research in all aspects of early recorded sound. Founded in 1919, the CLPGS is likely to be the oldest society of its type in the world.
D-alanine—D-alanine ligase
In enzymology, a D-alanine—D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + 2 D-alanine  ADP + phosphate + D-alanyl-D-alanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and D-alanine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and D-alanyl-D-alanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ATP-grasp ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include alanine:alanine ligase (ADP-forming), and alanylalanine synthetase. This enzyme participates in d-alanine metabolism and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Phosphinate and D-cycloserine are known to inhibit this enzyme.

The N-terminal region of the D-alanine—D-alanine ligase is thought to be involved in substrate binding, while the C-terminus is thought to be a catalytic domain.

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
Black Versace dress of Elizabeth Hurley
English actress and model Elizabeth Hurley wore a black Versace dress, often referred to as "THAT Dress", when she accompanied Hugh Grant to the premiere of Four Weddings and a Funeral in 1994. The dress was held together by several oversized gold safety pins. The dress is one of Versace's best-known creations, along with Jennifer Lopez's green dress, which had served as the inspiration for Google Image Search. It is considered by some to be largely responsible for launching Hurley onto the global media stage.

Google Images
Google Images (previously Google Image Search) is a search engine owned by Google that allows users to search the World Wide Web for images. It was introduced on July 12, 2001, due to a demand for pictures of the green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez worn in February 2000. In 2018, image search functionality was added.

When searching for an image, a thumbnail of each matching image is displayed. When the user clicks on a thumbnail, the image is displayed in a larger size, and users may visit the webpage on which the image is used.
Bristol Aquila
The Aquila was a nine-cylinder single-row radial aircraft engine designed by the Bristol Engine Company starting in 1934. A sleeve valve engine, its basic design was developed from the Bristol Perseus. The Aquila was never used in production, but further developments led to the Bristol Hercules, Bristol Taurus, and Bristol Centaurus.

Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).
Studio Kekkonen
Studio Kekkonen is a recording studio in Helsinki, Finland. Owned and operated by Mikko Raita, Janne Riionheimo and Julius Mauranen. Clients Include Ana Johnsson, Apocalyptica, Tuomo,  Deep Insight and Bleak.

Mikko Raita mixed the 2025 Oscar Best Animated Feature winning film, Flow music at Studio Kekkonen.

Tuomo
Tuomo is a male given name common in Finland. It is a Finnish version of the name Thomas. Common variations of Tuomo in Finland include Tuomas, Toomas, Tomas and Thoma. The nameday is the 21st of December. As of 2013 there are more than 16,000 people with this name in Finland.
Edavazhiyile Poocha Minda Poocha
Edavazhiyile Poocha Minda Poocha (English: Alley Cat - Silent Cat) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Hariharan, written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair and produced by K. C. Joy. The film stars Srividya, Madhu, Soman, and Ambika. The film has musical score by M. B. Sreenivasan.

Ambika (actress)
Ambika is an Indian actress known for her work predominantly across the entire southern film industry and in several tele serials. She has also acted in an English film (Indian-American), to date. She was one of the top South Indian heroines for more than a decade from 1976 to 1989. Her younger sister Radha was also an actress. They acted together in a number of South Indian films during the peak of their career. The sisters runs a movie studio called 'ARS Studios', which they converted into a hotel complex in 2013.
Agate Casket of Oviedo
The Agate Casket of Oviedo (Spanish: Caja de las Ágatas, sometimes in English Agate Box, "Box of Agates") is an elaborately decorated box, casket or small chest given by King Fruela II of Asturias and his wife Nunila to the Cathedral of San Salvador, Oviedo, Spain. This masterpiece of 10th century Asturian gold work is kept in the Cámara Santa (Holy Chamber) treasury.

Oviedo
Oviedo (Spanish: [oˈβjeðo] ⓘ) or Uviéu (Asturian: [uˈβjew]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the 2nd-largest city in Asturias.

Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gijón and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Avilés, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a maritime climate, even though it does not sit directly on the shore.
Frank Rehak
Frank Rehak (July 6, 1926, in New York City, New York – June 22, 1987, in Badger, California) was an American jazz trombonist. He began on piano and cello before switching to trombone. He worked with Gil Evans and Miles Davis. He also appeared with Davis on the broadcast "The Sounds of Miles Davis."

He had a failed marriage to nightclub dancer Jerri Gray. He also had a heroin addiction, which combined with other financial problems led to his withdrawal from music and lapsing into relative obscurity. In an effort to deal with these issues he spent time at Synanon, which led to his mention in Art Pepper's autobiography.  He died in Badger of throat cancer at the age of 60.

Badger, California
Badger is an unincorporated community located in Tulare County in California at an elevation of 3,038 feet. It has a population of 140. The zip code is 93603 and the area code 559. It is normally reached by California State Route 245.
SWITCH Information Technology Services
SWITCH is a Swiss foundation managing the .ch and .li country-code top-level domains for Switzerland and Liechtenstein, respectively. As the Swiss national research and education network organisation, SWITCH also manages the educational networks among Swiss universities and research facilities, and the links to other (non Swiss) university networks.

Country code
A country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. Its primary use is in data processing and communications. Several identification systems have been developed.

The term country code frequently refers to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, as well as the telephone country code, which is embodied in the E.164 recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Dodartia
Dodartia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Mazaceae. It has only one currently accepted species, Dodartia orientalis, native to Ukraine, Russia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Altai, northern China and Mongolia. A weedy perennial, it is eaten by saiga antelope.

Saiga antelope
The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica, /ˈsaɪɡə/) or saiga is a species of antelope which during antiquity inhabited a vast area of the Eurasian steppe, spanning the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in the northwest and Caucasus in the southwest into Mongolia in the northeast and Dzungaria in the southeast. During the Pleistocene, it ranged across the mammoth steppe from the British Isles to Beringia. Today, the dominant subspecies (S. t. tatarica) only occurs in Kalmykia and Astrakhan Oblast of Russia and in the Ural Mountains, Ustyurt Plateau and Betpak-Dala regions of Kazakhstan. A portion of the Ustyurt population migrates south to Uzbekistan and occasionally to Turkmenistan in winter. It is regionally extinct in Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, China and southwestern Mongolia. The Mongolian subspecies (S. t. mongolica) occurs only in western Mongolia.
John Willett Payne
John Willett Payne (23 April 1752 – 17 November 1803) was an officer of the Royal Navy who also served as a close friend, advisor and courtier to Prince George before and during his first regency. Payne was notorious as a rake and scoundrel, but was also a Member of Parliament and noted for his bravery in several military actions during the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary Wars. Out of favour in his later years, Payne was reconciled with the Prince in 1799, but died whilst still in the service aged 51, from an illness which developed during blockade operations in the Western Approaches.

Western Approaches
The Western Approaches is an approximately rectangular area of the Atlantic Ocean lying immediately to the west of Ireland and parts of Great Britain. Its north and south boundaries are defined by the corresponding extremities of Britain. The coast of the mainland forms the eastern side and the western boundary is the 30 degree meridian, which passes through Iceland. The area is particularly important to the United Kingdom, because many of its larger shipping ports lie within it.

The term is most commonly used when discussing naval warfare, notably during the Napoleonic Wars, the First World War and the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War in which Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine attempted to blockade the United Kingdom using submarines (U-boats) operating in this area. Since almost all shipping to and from the United Kingdom passed through this area, it was an excellent hunting ground and had to be heavily defended.
Gilbert Schaller
Gilbert Schaller (born 17 March 1969), is a former professional tennis player from Austria.

Schaller achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 17 in 1995. At the 1995 French Open, Schaller upset world No. 2 Pete Sampras in the first round in a five set match.

Schaller won one singles title (in Casablanca) and reached the quarterfinals of the 1996 Hamburg Masters and the 1995 Monte Carlo Masters. He participated in seven Davis Cup ties for Austria from 1993 to 1997, posting a 3–6 record in singles. Schaller resided in Graz when a tour player. From 2007 to 2011, he was Captain of the Austrian Davis Cup-Team and sports director of the ÖTV. Schaller currently works as the sports director in the McCartney Group in Vienna, and as an ATP coach with (Florin Mergea and Marin Draganja).

1996 Panasonic German Open – Singles
Qualifier Roberto Carretero defeated Àlex Corretja in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 1996 Hamburg European Open.

Andriy Medvedev was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Jordi Burillo.
Criminal Investigation Agency
Criminal Investigation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Reserse Kriminal, abbr.  Bareskrim) is one of central executive agencies of Indonesian Police Force. Bareskrim is led by Kepala Bareskrim / Kabareskrim (Chief of Criminal Investigation Agency), a three-star general in Indonesian National Police. Bareskrim conducts inquiries into a variety of criminal offences, initiates criminal investigations, identifies suspects, makes arrests, and is in charge of forensic laboratory. The agency is currently led by Komisaris Jenderal Polisi (Police Commissioner General) Agus Andrianto. Officers from this unit wear civilian attire on duty.

Suspect
In law enforcement jargon, a suspect is a known person accused or suspected of committing a crime. By definition, a suspect is distinct from the perpetrator of the offense (perp, in dated U.S. slang), though in the United States, the word suspect is often used as a jargon when referring to the perpetrator. The term is also related to the terms defendant, the accused, person of interest, and prime suspect.
Boca Unidos
Club Atlético Boca Unidos (mostly known simply as Boca Unidos) is an Argentine football and basketball club from Corrientes Province. The football squad currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second division of Argentine football league system.

At the end of the 2006–07 season, Boca Unidos was promoted from the Torneo Argentino B to the Torneo Argentino A via play-off. On 21 June 2009, they won another promotion which allowed it to play in the Primera B Nacional, where has remained since.

Corrientes Province
Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes], lit. ‘currents’ or ‘streams’; Guarani: Taragui), officially the Province of Corrientes (Spanish: Provincia de Corrientes; Guarani: Taragui Tetãmini) is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by (from the north, clockwise): Paraguay, Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, and the provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe and Chaco. With an area of 88,199 km², it ranks sixteenth in territorial size among Argentina’s provinces.

From the historical perspective of the construction of the Argentine State, it is one of the oldest provinces in Argentine territory and one of the fourteen founding provinces of the Argentine Confederation.

In 2004, the Guaraní language was declared an “alternative official language,” reflecting the bilingual character that distinguishes the province.
Damián Díaz
Damián Rodrigo Díaz Montero (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈmjan roˈðriɣo ˈðiaθ], born 1 May 1986), also known as Kitu Díaz, is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Guayaquil City. Born in Argentina, he represents the Ecuador national team.

Independiente del Valle
Club de Alto Rendimiento Especializado Independiente del Valle, known simply as Independiente del Valle, is a professional football club based in Sangolquí, Ecuador that currently plays in the Ecuadorian Serie A.

Founded in 1958, the club plays its home games at Estadio Banco Guayaquil, which opened in March 2021 and has a capacity of 12,000. In the 2013 Serie A season Independiente finished runners-up and they won their first league title in 2021.

In CONMEBOL competitions they reached the final of the 2016 Copa Libertadores after famously defeating powerhouses River Plate and Boca Juniors. They won their first Copa Sudamericana title in 2019, and three years later the club would become one of the few two-time Sudamericana champions after defeating São Paulo in the 2022 final.

Independiente have a renowned youth academy. Notable players they have produced include Junior Sornoza, Cristian Ramírez, Gonzalo Plata, Moisés Caicedo, Piero Hincapié, Willian Pacho and Kendry Páez.
Lamento en Baile
Lamento en Baile (transl. Mourning into Dancing) is the ninth studio album by Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee, released through DY Records and Zarpazo Records on October 16, 2025. Guest appearances include Alex Zurdo. Production was primarily handled by Yankee, OMB, and Xound, alongside Abel Xanders, JBD JBD, la Companioni, Nando Pro, Nayhlo, Nekxum, Obrinn, Orlan Navarro, Sergio George, and Súbelo Neo.

The title comes from Psalm 30:11, which says, "You have turned my mourning into dancing".

Psalm 30
Psalm 30 is the 30th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I will extol thee, O LORD; for thou hast lifted me up". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and in the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 29. In Latin, it is known as "Exaltabo te Domine". It is a psalm of thanksgiving, traditionally ascribed to David upon the building of his own royal palace.

The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has inspired hymns been set to music.
Wang Fu Court
Wang Fu Court (Chinese: 宏富苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority in Yuen Long, New Territories, Hong Kong next to Yuen Long Nullah. It comprises a single residential block in the Tung Tau Industrial Area completed in 2017.

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
1949 Chilean senatorial by-election
A senatorial by-election was held in Chile on June 26, 1949, to fill the vacant Senate seat for the 5th provincial grouping (O'Higgins and Colchagua) following the death of the incumbent senator Miguel Cruchaga Tocornal (Conservative Party) on May 3.

It was the first parliamentary election in which women could vote, after the implementation of Law 9292 on January 8, 1949, which gave women the right to vote in parliamentary and presidential elections, since previously, they could only vote in council elections. The complementary election was also one of the events that produced the breakup of the Conservative Party into 2 factions: one traditionalist and the other social-Christian.

Traditionalist Conservative Party
The Traditionalist Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador Tradicionalista, PCT) was a right-wing political party in Chile founded in 1948 when the Conservative Party split into two factions. It participated in the coalition called National Concentration in the government of President Gabriel González Videla.

From 12 to 15 August 1950, the party held its first and only National Convention. On 15 December 1953 as a result of the merger with a faction of the Social Christian Conservative Party, it was renamed the United Conservative Party.