hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casalfiumanese
Casalfiumanese (Romagnol: Casêl Fiumanés) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Bologna.

Casalfiumanese borders the following municipalities: Borgo Tossignano, Castel del Rio, Castel San Pietro Terme, Dozza, Fontanelice, Imola, Monterenzio. A reinforced concrete bridge over the Santerno River connects Casalfiumanese to Fontanelice.

Near the end of World War Two, during the Spring Offensive in Italy, Casalfiumanese was liberated by American troops and Italian soldiers of the 184th Infantry Division "Nembo" on 12 April 1945.

Castel San Pietro Terme
Castel San Pietro Terme (Eastern Bolognese: Castèl San Pîr) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, with about 21,000 inhabitants. It is located along the Roman Via Emilia, at the foot of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines.

Castel San Pietro Terme is a member of Cittaslow.
Indianapolis Business Journal
Indianapolis Business Journal, often abbreviated IBJ, is a weekly newspaper published in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. IBJ reports on Central Indiana business. It is the leading publication of IBJ Media. Its economic columnists include Morton Marcus and Michael J. Hicks.

Michael J. Hicks
Michael J. Hicks (born in 1962) is the George & Frances Ball Distinguished Professor of Economics and director of the Center for Business and Economic Research and Professor of Economics at Ball State University.
Dead: The Album
Dead: The Album (stylized as DEADTHEALBUM) is the fifth studio album by American electronic music group Breathe Carolina. Released on November 15, 2019, on Spinnin' Records and Big Beat, it serves as a follow-up to the group's fourth studio album, Savages (2014). It is their first studio album released as a duo and also their first to be released since their departure from Fearless Records. The album has been described as EDM, including elements of pop and R&B. The album debuted at No. 6 on the Billboard Dance Album Sales chart.

Big Beat Records (American record label)
Big Beat Records Inc. is an American electronic and dance music record label, owned by Warner Music Group and operates through Atlantic Records. It was founded as an independent record label in 1986 by Craig Kallman with an emphasis on house music and later hip hop. It was absorbed into Atlantic Records in 1992 and eventually relaunched separately in 2010 as a primarily electronic music label. Its current roster includes 100 gecs, Dog Blood, Galantis, Whethan, Cash Cash, and Clean Bandit.
Pete Burleson
Pete Burleson (September 4, 1848 – December 6, 1925) was a cattle drover and rancher, western lawman, farmer and pioneer in the New Mexico Territory and State of New Mexico. He drove cattle from Texas as part of the 1870's I. W. Lacy - L. G. Coleman cattle drive, settling in northeast New Mexico as a cattle rancher near Cimarron. He was elected sheriff of Colfax County (1877–1871), serving in this capacity during the bloodiest part of the Colfax County War (1873–1888). In his tenure as sheriff and as a resident of Cimarron, he was close friends with several notorious cowboys including Clay Allison and David John (Davy) Crockett. Burleson was also a deputy sheriff in Colfax County and Lincoln County for seven different sheriffs, his last appointment coming at age 63. Western writers Eugene Manlove Rhodes and Emerson Hough both included characters in their novels and short stories based on Burleson.

Colfax County, New Mexico
Colfax County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,387. Its county seat is Raton. It is south from the Colorado state line. This county was named for Schuyler Colfax (1823–1885), seventeenth Vice President of the United States under U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

Colfax County is the home of Philmont Scout Ranch and the NRA Whittington Center.
Hussey Plow Company Building
The Hussey Plow Company Building is a historic industrial building on Dyer Street in North Berwick, Maine.  Built in 1831, this small wood-frame building originally housed the offices of the Hussey Plow Company, now known as the Hussey Seating Company, a major manufacturer of bleachers and outdoor seating.  The building, which now houses the company museum, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Bleacher
Bleachers (North American English), or stands, are raised, tiered rows of benches found at sports-fields and at other spectator events. Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every other step enabling access to a row of benches.

Benches range from simple planks to elaborate ones with backrests. Many bleachers are open to the ground below so that there are only the planks to sit and walk on. Some bleachers have vertical panels beneath the benches, either partially or completely blocking the way to the ground.
Kläden (Bismark)
Kläden is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Bismark, of which it is an Ortschaft. Before that, it was part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Bismark/Kläden.

Bismark/Kläden
Bismark/Kläden was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Kläden. It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.
Tom Gormley (American football)
Thomas Francis Gormley (August 9, 1891 – July 24, 1951) was an American football player and coach. He played in the American Professional Football League (AFPL)—now known as National Football League (NFL)—with the Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Tigers, Washington Senators and the New York Brickley Giants. Brickley's New York Giants are not related to the modern-day New York Giants. He also played for the independent Youngstown Patricians from 1917 until 1919.

Gormley played college football at Catholic University of America, Georgetown University, Ursinus College and Villanova University. He later became the head coach of the Catholic Cardinals football team.

He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Ursinus College
Ursinus College is a private liberal arts college in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1869 and occupies a 170-acre (0.69 km2)  campus. Ursinus College's forerunner was the Freeland Seminary founded in 1848. It enrolls about 1,500 undergraduate students.
USS Trutta
USS Trutta (hull number SS-421), a Tench-class submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the trutta, a variety of trout, distinguished from the typical trout by its small, black spots and its smaller and fewer scales.  She was originally assigned the name Tomtate, often misspelled as Tomatate, and would have made her the only ship named for the tomtate, a food fish of warm American waters having a compressed body, a toothless palate, and conical jaw teeth, but was renamed Trutta on 24 September 1942.  Her keel was laid down on 22 May 1944 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard. She was launched on 18 August 1944 sponsored by Mrs. Edward C. Magdeburger, and commissioned on 16 November 1944 with Commander Arthur C. Smith in command.

Hull number
A hull number is a serial identification number given to a boat or ship. For the military, a lower number implies an older vessel. For civilian use, the Hull Identification Number (HIN) is used to trace the boat's history. The precise usage varies by country and type.
Marmaduke Constable-Maxwell, 11th Lord Herries of Terregles
Marmaduke Constable-Maxwell, 11th Lord Herries of Terregles,  (4 October 1837 – 5 October 1908) was Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire from 1880 and Lord-Lieutenant of Kirkcudbrightshire from 1885 until his death.

The son of William Constable-Maxwell, 10th Lord Herries of Terregles, who in 1858 was restored to the peerage attainted in 1716, he was educated at Stonyhurst College. In 1875, he married the Hon. Angela Mary Charlotte Fitzalan-Howard, the 2nd daughter of the 1st Lord Howard of Glossop: they had two daughters.

Gwendolen became the second wife of the 15th Duke of Norfolk.;

Hon. Angela Mary Constable-Maxwell who married Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth.

Lord Herries was appointed Honorary Colonel of the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry on 14 February 1903.

Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk
Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, KG, GCVO, VD, PC (27 December 1847 – 11 February 1917), styled Lord Maltravers until 1856 and Earl of Arundel and Surrey between 1856 and 1860, was a British Unionist politician and philanthropist. He served as Postmaster General between 1895 and 1900, but is best remembered for his philanthropic work, which concentrated on Roman Catholic causes and the city of Sheffield.
James Amann
James A. Amann (born 1956 in Bridgeport, Connecticut) is a former Connecticut State Representative.  He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives and represented the 118th Assembly District, which includes part of Milford, Connecticut.

Milford, Connecticut
Milford is a coastal city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, between New Haven and Bridgeport. The population was 50,558 at the 2020 United States Census. The city includes the village of Devon and the borough of Woodmont. Milford is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region.
Daisuke Nakata
Daisuke Nakata (中田 大輔, Nakata Daisuke, born March 2, 1974 in Mikawa, Ishikawa, Japan) is a trampoline gymnast who competed for Japan in the 2000 Summer Olympics. Daisuke also performs on SASUKE (known in America as Ninja Warrior), where he is one of the most well-known competitors. On the trampoline, Nakata can jump as high as 26 feet.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
The Woman with You
"The Woman with You" is a song written by David Frasier and Craig Wiseman and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney.  It was released in August 2004 as the fourth single from Chesney’s 2004 album When the Sun Goes Down. The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 2004.

Craig Wiseman
Craig Michael Wiseman is an American country music songwriter and producer, and the owner/founder of the Big Loud enterprise. He has been writing since the late 1980s, and his songs have been recorded by Lorrie Morgan, Tim McGraw, Kenny Chesney, Dolly Parton, Blake Shelton, and numerous other acts. He has written twenty-six No. 1 songs on the Billboard Hot Country Songs music charts, and has won a number of industry awards. In 2009, he was named "Songwriter of the Decade" by the Nashville Songwriters Association International, and in 2015, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Vitali–Carathéodory theorem
In mathematics, the Vitali–Carathéodory theorem is a result in real analysis that shows that, under the conditions stated below, integrable functions can be approximated in L1 from above and below by lower- and upper-semicontinuous functions, respectively. It is named after Giuseppe Vitali and Constantin Carathéodory.

Giuseppe Vitali
Giuseppe Vitali (26 August 1875 – 29 February 1932) was an Italian mathematician who worked in several branches of mathematical analysis. He gives his name to several entities in mathematics, most notably the Vitali set with which he was the first to give an example of a non-measurable subset of real numbers.
Ángel Paulino Canul
Ángel Paulino Canul Pacab (born 18 September 1962) is a Mexican independent politician who previously belonged to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In 1988–1990 he served as municipal president of Opichén, Yucatán.
In the 2003 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the fifth district of Yucatán during the 59th Congress.

Elected on the PRI ticket, he broke with the party and declared himself an independent on 22 March 2006.

Opichén Municipality
Opichén Municipality (Yucatec Maya: "inside the cave or the well") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán  containing 268.25 km2 of land and is located roughly 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of the city of Mérida.
John Coward (ice hockey)
John "Red" Coward (28 August 1907 – 8 February 1989), also known as Johnny Coward, was a British ice hockey player who mainly played two seasons for the Richmond Hawks in the English National League (ENL). However, he is best remembered for playing for the Great Britain national ice hockey team which won the gold medal at the 1936 Winter Olympics. He is a member of the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.
Tiger chameleon
The tiger chameleon (Archaius tigris), (from Greek αρχαίος, meaning "ancient", archaic) also known as the Seychelles tiger chameleon, is the only species in the resurrected genus Archaius. Initially placed into Chamaeleo, it was for some time moved to the genus Calumma by some (Klaver & Böhme, 1986). It is an endangered species of chameleon, found only on the Seychelles islands of Mahé, Silhouette, Sainte Anne and Praslin.

Praslin
Praslin (French pronunciation: [pʁalɛ̃]) is the second largest island (38.5 km2) of the Inner Seychelles, lying 44 km (27 mi) northeast of Mahé. Praslin has a population of around 7,533 people and comprises two administrative districts: Baie Sainte Anne and Grand' Anse. The main settlements are the Baie Ste Anne, Anse Volbert and Grand' Anse.
Integrative criminology
Integrative criminology reacts against single theory or methodology approaches, and adopts an interdisciplinary paradigm for the study of criminology and penology. Integration is not new. It informed the groundbreaking work of Merton (1938), Sutherland (1947), and Cohen (1955), but it has become a more positive school over the last twenty years (see Messner 1989).

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Band bending
In solid-state physics, band bending refers to the process in which the electronic band structure in a material curves up or down near a junction or interface. It does not involve any physical (spatial) bending. When the electrochemical potential of the free charge carriers around an interface of a semiconductor is dissimilar, charge carriers are transferred between the two materials until an equilibrium state is reached whereby the potential difference vanishes. The band bending concept was first developed in 1938 when Mott, Davydov and Schottky all published theories of the rectifying effect of metal-semiconductor contacts. The use of semiconductor junctions sparked the computer revolution in the second half of the 20th century. Devices such as the diode, the transistor, the photocell and many more play crucial roles in technology.

Photoelectric sensor
A photoelectric sensor  is a device used to determine the distance, absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver. They are largely used in industrial manufacturing. There are three different useful types: opposed (through-beam), retro-reflective, and proximity-sensing (diffused).
Pohorelá
Pohorelá (Hungarian: Koháryháza, German: Pohorella) is a village and municipality in the Brezno District, of the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. It is located in the foothills of the Low Tatras range of the Carpathian Mountains, on the right bank of the upper Hron River. The village is located 33 km east of Brezno, 49 km southwest of Poprad, and 37 km north of Tisovec on First Class Road 66. Pohorelá is the third largest village of the Horehronie region. The Roman Catholic Pohorela church, built in 1762, is a dominant feature of the village. The village was known as Garamkohó for a time in the early 20th century.

Pohorelá is located in the heart of the ethnographic area known as Horehronie, which is known for its natural beauty and traditional folk culture. Despite this, Pohorelá is a Goral inhabited village. Pohorelá hosts the World Scything Championship every summer.

Poprad
Poprad (Slovak: [ˈpɔprat] ⓘ; Hungarian: Poprád; German: Deutschendorf) is a city in northern Slovakia at the foot of the High Tatra Mountains, famous for its picturesque historic centre and as a holiday resort. The largest town of the Spiš region and the largest of all towns in the vicinity of the High Tatra Mountains in both Slovakia and Poland, Poprad is the tenth largest city in Slovakia, with a population of approximately 50,000.

The Poprad-Tatry Airport is an international airport located just outside the city. Poprad is also the starting point of the Tatra Electric Railway (known in Slovak as Tatranská elektrická železnica), a set of special narrow-gauge trains (trams) connecting the resorts in the High Tatras with each other and with Poprad. Mainline trains link Poprad to other destinations in Slovakia and beyond; in particular, there are through trains running from Poprad to Prague in the Czech Republic.
Cesano (river)
The Cesano is a river in the Marche region of Italy. Its source is near Monte Catria on the border between the province of Perugia and the province of Pesaro e Urbino. The river flows northeast through Pesaro e Urbino before forming the border between Pesaro e Urbino and the province of Ancona for a short distance. It continues flowing northeast through Pesaro e Urbino and flows past Pergola before becoming the border with Ancona again near San Lorenzo in Campo. The river flows northeast near Mondavio, Corinaldo and Monte Porzio before the province of Ancona extends westward beyond the bank of the river for a short distance near Mondolfo. Finally, the river flows into the Adriatic Sea north of Senigallia and south of Marotta and Fano.

In Roman times the Cesano was known as Suasanus, since it passed through the city of Suasa.

Under the river's bed a petrified forest of 50,000 years ago has been discovered.

Corinaldo
Corinaldo is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona, within the Marche region of central Italy. It is home to well-preserved 14th-century walls, and was the birthplace of Saint Maria Goretti; it is also the site of a Halloween festival held every October, as well as being a wine country where Verdicchio is produced.

It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Wheaton Park District
The Wheaton Park District is an organization dedicated to leisure and recreation in Wheaton, Illinois, US. It was incorporated in 1921 and now contains more than 800 acres of land. In addition to the many full-time employees, the park district also employs nearly 1,000 summer part-time staff, often local high school and college students. The National Recreation and Park Association has awarded the National Gold Medal Award for Excellence to the Wheaton Park District four times.

National Recreation and Park Association
The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) is a not-for-profit organization focused on utilizing parks and recreation to build strong, vibrant and resilient communities. They invest in and champion the work of professionals in the field to advocate for positive change in service of equity, climate-readiness, and overall health and well-being. Their mission is "to advance parks, recreation, and conservation efforts that enhance the quality of life for all people."

NRPA has a network of more than 60,000 park and recreation professionals and advocates who represent the public spaces in both urban and rural environments. NRPA supports the field of parks and recreation in multiple ways including professional development, advocacy, grants and programs, research, and publications.
Dmytro Oliinyk
Dmytro Ihorovych Oliinyk (Ukrainian: Дмитро Ігорович Олійник; born April 18, 1986) is a Ukrainian financier and civil servant who has served as the Deputy Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) since October 2022. He oversees the Prudential Supervision block, including regulation of the banking and non-banking financial sectors.

National Bank of Ukraine
The National Bank of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Національний банк України, romanized: Natsionalnyi bank Ukrainy [nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnɪj ˈbɑnk ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr.  NBU [НБУ]) is the central bank of Ukraine. Created in 1991 from the Ukrainian operations of the Soviet Gosbank, the NBU employs over 12,000 people, making it one of the largest employers in the financial sector in Ukraine. It regulates and supervises activities, functions and the legal status of public and commercial banks based on the principles of the Constitution of Ukraine and the law of Ukraine.
Fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase
Fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase (EC 3.2.1.153, beta-(2-1)-D-fructan fructohydrolase, beta-(2-1)fructan exohydrolase, inulinase, 1-FEH II, 1-fructan exohydrolase, 1-FEH w1, 1-FEH w2, beta-(2-1)-linkage-specific fructan-beta-fructosidase, beta-(2,1)-D-fructan fructohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name beta-(2->1)-D-fructan fructohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1)-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans

The best substrates are the inulin-type fructans.

Inulin
Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory. Inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes. Most plants that synthesize and store inulin do not store other forms of carbohydrate such as starch.

The inulins belong to a class of dietary fiber known as fructans. In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved inulin as a dietary fiber ingredient used to improve the nutritional value of manufactured food products. Using inulin to measure kidney function is the "gold standard" for comparison with other means of estimating glomerular filtration rate.
Jonathan Barbe
Jonathan Barbe (born 26 April 1977) is a Seychellois former windsurfer and double Olympian.

Jonathan competed in the men's mistral at the 1996 Summer Olympics: The event consisted of nine races and he finished overall in 44th position Four years later, Barbe represented Seychelles again in the same event at the Sydney Olympics. The number of races was increased to eleven and he finished second from last in 35th position.

After retiring from competition, Jonathan became a sports coach.

Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's Mistral One Design
The Men's Mistral One Design Class was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics program in Sydney. Eleven races were scheduled and completed. 36 sailors, on 36 sailboards, from 36 nations competed.