hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spectral evidence
Spectral evidence was a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions.

Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmunds witch trial of 1662, and the Salem witch trials of 1692–93.

Witch trials in the early modern period
In the early modern period, from about 1400 to 1775, about 100,000 people were prosecuted for witchcraft in Europe and  British America. Between 40,000 and 60,000 were executed, almost all in Europe. The witch hunts were particularly severe in parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Prosecutions for witchcraft reached a high point from 1560 to 1630, during the Counter-Reformation and the European wars of religion. Among the lower classes, accusations of witchcraft were usually made by neighbors, and women and men made formal accusations of witchcraft. Magical healers or 'cunning folk' were sometimes prosecuted for witchcraft, but seem to have made up a minority of the accused. Roughly 80% of those convicted were women, most of them over the age of 40. In some regions, convicted witches were burnt at the stake, the traditional punishment for religious heresy.
2011 Torneo Internazionale Regione Piemonte – Doubles
Mariya Koryttseva and Ioana Raluca Olaru are the defending champions.
Lara Arruabarrena-Vecino and Ekaterina Ivanova won the title, defeating Janette Husárová and Renata Voráčová 6–3, 0–6, [10–3] in the final.

Lara Arruabarrena
Lara Arruabarrena Vecino (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlaɾa arwaβaˈrena βeˈθino]; born 20 March 1992) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. On 3 July 2017, she reached a career-high WTA singles ranking of 52, and her best doubles ranking is world No. 28, set on 22 February 2016.

Over her career, she won two singles and eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Arruabarrena retired from professional tour in August 2022.
William Fletcher (priest)
Christianity portal

William Henry Fletcher (1851/52 -2 April 1926) was a Welsh Anglican priest in the first third of the 20th century who rose to become Archdeacon of Wrexham.

Fletcher, second son of Henry Fletcher of Shrewsbury, was educated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, which he entered, aged 20, in 1872. He was Curate of Holy Trinity, Shrewsbury from  1876 to 1878, founding the Trinity (Shrewsbury) F.C. while there;  Vicar of Criftins from 1878 to 1882; Vicar of Holy Trinity, Shrewsbury from 1883  to 1888; Vicar of Oswestry from 1888 to 1891; Vicar of Wrexham from 1891 to 1907; Rural Dean of Wrexham from 1891 to 1907; and Rector of Marchwiel from 1907  until his appointment as Archdeacon.

He died on 2 April 1926.

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
Craven Street: Ben Franklin in London
Craven Street: Ben Franklin in London is a five-part radio play dramatizing Benjamin Franklin's career as a colonial lobbyist in London before the American Revolution. It starred Elizabeth Montgomery, George Grizzard and Nigel Hawthorne. It was written, produced and directed by Yuri Rasovsky, under the aegis of Robert Foxworth's American Dialogues Foundation. Syndicated to public radio stations in 1993, it was later released as an audiobook.

George Grizzard
George Cooper Grizzard Jr. (April 1, 1928 – October 2, 2007) was an American stage, television, and film actor. He was the recipient of a Grammy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and a Tony Award, among other accolades.
Phoenix Club (Terre Haute, Indiana)
Phoenix Club was a historic clubhouse located at Terre Haute, Indiana. It was built in 1905, and was a two-story, rectangular, Renaissance Revival style pressed brick building with limestone detailing.  It was built to house the Phoenix Club, a Jewish men's organization. It later housed the Central Labor Union of Vigo County.: Part 1, p. 31  It has been demolished.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and delisted in 1993.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Jessie Pavelka
Jessie Pavelka (born September 26, 1982) is an American health and well-being expert, author, coach, and TEDx speaker. He is the co-founder of Pavelka Wellness. Pavelka is known as a fitness professional and television host.

In the United Kingdom, he was the presenter of Obese: A Year to Save My Life on Sky1 and Fat: The Fight of My Life on Sky Living HD. He joined the 16th season of The Biggest Loser as a new trainer in the fall of 2014.

Coaching
Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.
21st Parliament of British Columbia
The 21st Legislative Assembly of British Columbia sat from 1946 to 1949. The members were elected in the British Columbia general election held in October 1945. The Liberals and Conservatives formed a coalition government led by John Hart. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation led by Harold Winch formed the official opposition. Hart retired as premier in December 1947 and was replaced by Byron Ingemar "Boss" Johnson.

Norman William Whittaker served as speaker for the assembly until September 1947. Robert Henry Carson then served as speaker until January 1949. Former premier John Hart became speaker the following month.

Harold Winch
Harold Edward Winch (18 June 1907 – 1 February 1993) was a Canadian politician active with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and its successor, the New Democratic Party (NDP).

Winch was leader of the British Columbia CCF from 1938 to 1953, and Leader of the Opposition from October 1941 to February 1952 and then again from June 1952 to March 1953. He was called "the best leader of the Opposition that has ever been" by Premier W. A. C. Bennett.
Davel
Davel is a settlement in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It is situated next to the N17 highway in the south-west of the province between the larger towns of Bethal and Ermelo.

It is also the site of a Sentech VHF transmitter.

Bethal
Bethal (/bɛθʌl/) is a farming town in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The farms in the region produce maize, sunflower seeds, sorghum, rye and potatoes. The town lies 155 km (96 mi) east of Johannesburg on the N17 national route.
Football in Curaçao
The sport of association football in Curaçao is run by the Curaçao Football Federation. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Curaçao League.  The main annual football tournament is the Chippie Polar Cup, an annual friendly event held since 2004 which has involved clubs from the Netherlands, Brazil, Suriname, Aruba and Curaçao.

ADO Den Haag
Alles Door Oefening Den Haag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑləz doːr ˈufənɪŋ dɛn ˈɦaːx]), commonly known by the abbreviated name ADO Den Haag ([ˈaːdoː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), is a Dutch association football club from the city of The Hague. They play in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football, following relegation from the Eredivisie in the 2020–21 season. The club was for a time known as FC Den Haag ([ɛfˈseː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), with ADO representing the amateur branch of the club. Despite being from one of the traditional three large Dutch cities, it has not been able to match Ajax, Feyenoord or PSV in terms of success in the Eredivisie or in European competition. There is nonetheless a big rivalry with Ajax and Feyenoord. The Dutch words "Alles Door Oefening" translate into Everything Through Practice.
Heteropteryx
Heteropteryx is a monotypic genus of stick insects containing Heteropteryx dilatata as the only described species. and gives its name to the family of the Heteropterygidae. Their only species may be known as jungle nymph, Malaysian stick insect, Malayan jungle nymph, or Malayan wood nymph and because of their size it is commonly kept in zoological institutions and private terrariums of insect lovers. It originates from the Malay Archipelago and is nocturnal.

Malay Archipelago
The Malay Archipelago is the archipelago between Mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, and is also called Insulindia or the Indo-Australian Archipelago. The name was taken from the 19th-century European concept of a Malay race, later based on the distribution of Austronesian languages. It has also been called the "Malay world", "Nusantara", and the "East Indies" over time. The name is controversial in Indonesia due to its ethnic connotations and colonial undertones, which can overshadow the country's diverse cultures.

Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the archipelago of over 25,000 islands and islets is the largest archipelago by area and fifth by number of islands in the world. It includes Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia (specifically East Malaysia), Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Singapore. The term is largely synonymous with Maritime Southeast Asia.
Roussen-class fast attack craft
The Roussen class is a seven-strong class of British-designed fast attack missile boats improved and customized for the Hellenic Navy, also known as Super Vita. The class is named after its lead ship, which in turn is named after Lt Nikolaos Roussen, a World War II submarines officer who was killed in the suppression of the Navy mutiny in April 1944.

1944 Greek naval mutiny
The 1944 Greek naval mutiny was a mutiny by sailors on five ships of the Royal Hellenic Navy in April 1944 over the composition of the Greek government-in-exile, in support of the National Liberation Front (EAM). Petros Voulgaris was called from retirement and appointed vice-admiral to quell the revolt.

The revolt began in Alexandria. Sailors Revolutionary Commissions were formed both on ships and the naval shore establishments on 4 April 1944.

The 1st Brigade of the Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East also suffered a EAM-inspired mutiny on 6 April 1944.

The American philosopher James Burnham, writing in the Partisan Review, saw the mutiny as the start of a "Third World War" as the start of a geopolitical confrontation between the Western Allies and Soviet communism.
Thomas S. Noonan
Thomas Schaub Noonan (January 20, 1938 – June 15, 2001) was an American historian, Slavicist and anthropologist who specialized in early Russian history and Eurasian nomad cultures.

Educated at Indiana University, Noonan was, for many years, a Professor of History at the University of Minnesota. He was the author of dozens of books and articles and one of the leading authorities on the development of the Kievan Rus and the Khazar Khaganate. Noonan placed a great deal of importance on numismatics in understanding economic and social trends. He was the mentor of numerous scholars and leading historians. In 2001 many of his colleagues honored him by publishing the first of a multivolume collection of articles under the title "Festschrift in Honor of Thomas S. Noonan," which was edited by Roman K. Kovalev and Heidi M. Sherman.  The second volume appeared in 2005.

Noonan died of cancer in 2001.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Civic Trust for Wales
The Civic Trust for Wales (Welsh: Ymddiriedolaeth Ddinesig Cymru) was founded in 1964. It is a registered charity.

The organisation promotes civic pride as a means to improve the quality of life for all in the places where the Welsh live and work. It encourages community action, good design, sustainable development and respect for the built environment amongst people of all ages.

The Trust is the umbrella body for 56 Civic Societies around Wales. Civic Societies are open to anyone who shares a concern for quality in the built environment, good design and care for the heritage.

The Civic Trust for Wales organises "Open Doors" events  on behalf of Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government. Open Doors is part of European Heritage Days and is held in the month of September.

In 2015 it was renamed Civic Trust Cymru.

Since 2016 it has been dormant.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.
Monastery Interior
Monastery Interior (full title – Monastery Interior - the Cordeliers de l'Observance Monastery) is a 19th-century painting by Fleury François Richard, now in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon. It shows part of the former Cordeliers (Franciscan) monastery on the site known as 'Clos des Deux-Amants' – the site is now occupied by the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Lyon.

Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (French: Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, pronounced [myze de boz‿aʁ də ljɔ̃] ⓘ) is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Lyon. Located near the Place des Terreaux, it is housed in a former Benedictine convent which was active during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was restored between 1988, and 1998, remaining open to visitors throughout this time despite the ongoing restoration works. Its collections range from ancient Egyptian antiquities to the Modern art period, making the museum one of the most important in Europe. It also hosts important exhibitions of art, for example the exhibitions of works by Georges Braque and Henri Laurens in the second half of 2005, and another on the work of Théodore Géricault from April to July 2006. It is one of the largest art museums in France.
Ronneby Airport
Ronneby Airport (Kallinge) (IATA: RNB, ICAO: ESDF) is located about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Ronneby, Sweden and 30 km (17 mi) from Karlshamn and 30 km (17 mi) from Karlskrona.

Ronneby airport is south Sweden's (Götaland) 6th biggest airport and the 15th biggest airport in Sweden. The airport had 226,995 passengers in 2011.

Karlskrona
Karlskrona (UK: /ˈkɑːrlskroʊnə/, US: /kɑːrlzˈkruːnə/, Swedish: [kaɭsˈkrûːna] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Historically, the city has been home to a German minority, thus enabling the formation of a German Congregational church. It also counted Jewish people in its population.

In 1998, parts of the city, including the Karlskrona Naval Base, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia, 2005)
The Party of the Democratic Left (Slovak: Strana demokratickej ľavice, SDĽ) was a centre-left political party in Slovakia.  It is the reformation of another party by the same name, which had been founded in 1990.

The original Party of the Democratic Left merged with Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy, which had itself split from the Party of the Democratic Left, on 31 December 2004.  A new party was founded, and registered in May 2005.  The party's current president is Jozef Ďurica.

In its first general election, in 2006, the party won 0.13% of the vote. In 2010 elections, the SDĽ won 2.41%, falling just under half of the 5% threshold for seats in the National Council.

2010 Slovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament. Despite the incumbent Smer of Prime Minister Robert Fico winning a plurality, the new government consisted of a coalition led by the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party's Iveta Radičová and included KDH, SaS and Most-Hid. However, her government fell on 11 October 2011 following a vote of no confidence with a new election called for 10 March 2012.
Shawme-Crowell State Forest
Shawme-Crowell State Forest is a Massachusetts state forest located in the town of Sandwich in Barnstable County. The forest lost much of its original acreage with the creation of Camp Edwards, which is part of the modern-day Joint Base Cape Cod. The forest is made up of pitch pine and scrub oaks and is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Quercus ilicifolia
Quercus ilicifolia, commonly known as bear oak or scrub oak, is a small shrubby oak native to the Eastern United States and, less commonly, in southeastern Canada. Its range in the United States extends from Maine to North Carolina, with reports of a few populations north of the international frontier in Ontario. The name ilicifolia means "holly-leaved".
Alejandro Patiño
Alejandro Patiño is an American actor.

He has guest starred on several television programs including the recurring role of Ralph, Gabrielle Solis's new gardener, on the ABC series Desperate Housewives. Other appearances include House, Roswell, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Arrested Development and Family Law.

From 2013 to 2014, Patino costarred as Cesar on the FX series The Bridge. He has starred as Ernesto in the independent film Papi Chulo and as the cantina bartender in the Coen brothers’ The Ballad of Buster Scruggs.

He has portrayed Bossman in the live comedy production Chico's Angels, a parody of the 1976–81 TV series Charlie's Angels, since 2003.

As of late 2015 and up until 2016, Patino has been appearing in Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen commercials in U.S. Hispanic market media.

Gabrielle Solis
Gabrielle "Gaby" Solis (/soʊˈliːs/) is a fictional character portrayed by Eva Longoria on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. Longoria was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her performance.
Words (film)
Words is a 2010 short film directed by Anup S Bhandari and starring Russell Harvard. An Indo-American co-production, it is a dialogues film with the central characters communicating via American Sign Language.

Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
Bethesda Terrace and Fountain are two architectural features overlooking the southern shore of the Lake in New York City's Central Park. The fountain, with its Angel of the Waters statue, is located in the center of the terrace.

Bethesda Terrace's two levels are united by two grand staircases and a lesser one that passes under Terrace Drive. They provide passage southward to the Central Park Mall and Naumburg Bandshell at the center of the park. The upper terrace flanks the 72nd Street Cross Drive and the lower terrace provides a podium for viewing the Lake. The mustard-olive colored carved stone is New Brunswick sandstone, with a harder stone for cappings, with granite steps and landings, and herringbone pattern paving of Roman brick laid on edge.
Mercedes 15/70/100 PS
The Mercedes 15/70/100 PS was a large automobile introduced by Daimler in 1924.   Production continued till 1929 by which time Daimler  had merged with Benz & Cie (effective 1926) as a result of which the car's name had changed to Mercedes-Benz Typ 400.

A defining feature of the car was the switchable supercharger (”Kompressor”) fitted to the engine.

Tax horsepower
The fiscal / taxable horsepower or just tax horsepower was an early system to calculate road taxation rates for automobiles in a number of key Western European countries such as the UK, Germany, France, Belgium and Italy. Some U.S. states like Illinois also charged license plate purchase and renewal fees for passenger automobiles, based on taxable horsepower. The tax horsepower rating was typically computed not from actual engine power but by mathematical formulae based on cylinder dimensions etc, and varying per country. In the early twentieth century, fiscal power was reasonably close to real power – but as the internal combustion engine developed, real power output outpaced nominal taxable power by a factor of up to ten or more.