hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diseño
A diseño is a hand-drawn map of a Spanish or Mexico land grant that was submitted to the U.S. government indicating the extent of a land grant as understood by the grantees. An expediente is a written description of the grant. These documents were used during the U.S. land-patent process that began when Mexican Alta California became the U.S. state of California in 1850. Diseños are distinct from later maps produced by U.S. surveyors within the extant American rectangular survey system.

Diseños may have missing or poorly described coastal features because cattlemen who ran the ranchos generally did not make use of the shoreline or own boats.

This diseño of Rancho de Los Palos Verdes, originally part of Rancho San Pedro, was submitted to the U.S. General Land Office in 1852

Diseño Del Rancho Los Alamitos, Los Cerritos, Santa Gertrudis, Coyotes, Bolsas, 1852

Rancho Los Cerritos
Rancho Los Cerritos was a 27,054-acre (109.48 km2) 1834 Mexican land grant in present-day southern Los Angeles County and Orange County, California  The grant was the result of a partition of the Rancho Los Nietos grant.  "Cerritos" means "little hills" in Spanish. The rancho lands include the present-day cities of  Cerritos, Paramount, Bellflower and Long Beach.
Collapsable Hole
The Collapsable Hole is a artist-run performance space in New York City.

Co-founded in 2000 by the performance companies Radiohole and The Collapsable Giraffe, The Hole was originally located at 146 Metropolitan Avenue in Willamsburg, Brooklyn. Described in The New York Times as "a spare industrial box except for all the techie gadgetry" it helped establish the area as "a full-fledged theater district. Call it Off Off Off Broadway", alongside The Charlie Pineapple Theater, The Brick, Galapagos Art Space, the Streb Laboratory for Action Mechanics (SLAM), Monkey Town, and Supreme Trading.

The Metropolitan Avenue location opened on December 1, 2000 and existed until its final Memorial Service on September 14, 2013. It was later resurrected at 155 Bank Street in the West Village, Manhattan at Westbeth, where it continues to serve as a forum for avant performance.

The Brick Theater
The Brick Theater is a venue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn that presents dance, performance art, drag, comedy, film, music, experimental theatre, and more. Gothamist has hailed the space as “one of the city’s most reliable sources for smart, funny, and surprising performance.”
Johnson County, Arkansas
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County is Arkansas's 30th county, formed on November 16, 1833, from a portion of Pope County and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Arkansas Territory
The Arkansas Territory was a territory of the United States from July 4, 1819, to June 15, 1836, when the final extent of Arkansas Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas. Arkansas Post was the first territorial capital (1819–1821) and Little Rock was the second (1821–1836).
Koçgiri (tribe)
Koçgiri (Kurdish: Eşireta Qoçgirî; Turkish: Koçgiri aşireti) is a collection or confederation of Kurdish Alevi tribes, of mainly from Sivas Province (and also Erzincan Province), in Turkey. They are speakers of a northern dialect of Kurmanji.

Sivas Province
Sivas Province (Turkish: Sivas ili) is a province of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Its area is 28,164 km2 (the second largest province after Konya), and its population is 634,924 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan to the east, Giresun to the northeast, and Ordu to the north. Its capital is Sivas.

Most of Sivas Province has the typical continental climate of the Central Anatolian Region, in which summer months are hot and dry, while winter months are cold and snowy. However, the northern part of the province shows some features of the oceanic/humid subtropical Black Sea climate, while the eastern portion has influences of the Eastern Anatolian highland climate. This province is noted for its thermal springs.
Sant Esteve de Palautordera
Sant Esteve de Palautordera (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsant əsˈteβə ðə pəˌlawtuɾˈðeɾə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Oriental in Catalonia, Spain. It forms part of the sub-comarca of Baix Montseny.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Michael Page (equestrian)
Michael Page (born September 23, 1938) is an American equestrian. At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo he won a silver medal in team eventing, and a bronze medal in individual eventing. He won a silver medal in team eventing at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Page was born in New York City, New York. Page served as head trainer of Kent School's equestrian team in Kent, Connecticut for twenty eight years, retiring in 2022. The Kent School Equestrian Center was dedicated as the Michael O. Page Equestrian Center in May 2022 in recognition of his service.

Kent School
Kent School is a private college-preparatory day and boarding school in Kent, Connecticut. Founded in 1906, it is affiliated with the Episcopal Church. It educates around 520 boys and girls in grades 9–12.

Kent was one of the first schools to provide tuition discounts based on what a family could afford to pay. The school's list of notable alumni includes artist Lana Del Rey, philosopher John Rawls, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance, and three winners of the Pulitzer Prize.
Kathmandu View Tower
Kathmandu View Tower (Nepali: काठमाडौं भ्यू टावर) is a building, currently under construction, in Kathmandu, Nepal. It is planned to be Nepal's tallest building at 130 Meters (426ft) with 29 stories.

It was inaugurated by Nepal's Vice-president Nanda Bahadur Pun on 11 November 2015. Construction on Kathmandu View Tower commenced on 14 August 2016.

In November 2022, it was reported that the building was limited to be 12-storey to satisfy safety regulations. This is due to frequent earthquakes in Nepal.

In 2023, it was reported that only 30 percent of work on the building had been completed as it was topped out.

Nanda Kishor Pun
Nanda Kishor Pun Magar (Nepali: नन्दकिशोर पुन; born 23 October 1966), also known as Nanda Bahadur Pun, is a Nepalese politician who served as the second vice president of Nepal, from 2015 to 2023. He served as the chief commander of the People's Liberation Army in Nepal. He was also a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).
Fiber-reinforced concrete
Fiber-reinforced concrete or fibre-reinforced concrete  (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers – each of which lend varying properties to the concrete. In addition, the character of fiber-reinforced concrete changes with varying concretes, fiber materials, geometries, distribution, orientation, and densities.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
Yo-Yo (rapper)
Yolanda "Yo-Yo" Whitaker (born August 4, 1971) is an American rapper and actress from South Los Angeles.

Much of Yo-Yo's music advocates female empowerment. She is the protégée of gangsta rapper Ice Cube. Yo-Yo has dubbed her crew the IBWC, Intelligent Black Women's Coalition. She also performed on a couple of stages with Shock G's group Digital Underground.

South Los Angeles
South Los Angeles is an urban region in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, lying mostly within the city limits of Los Angeles, south of downtown.
It is defined on Los Angeles city maps as a 16-square-mile (41 km2) rectangle. In 2003, the Los Angeles City Council renamed the area from South Central Los Angeles to its current name.

The name South Los Angeles can also refer to a larger 51-square-mile (130 km2) region that includes areas within the city limits of Los Angeles as well as five unincorporated areas in the southern portion of Los Angeles County.
Rendena
The Rendena is a breed of cattle from the Trentino, in north-eastern Italy, now raised principally in the provinces of Padova, Trento, Verona and Vicenza. It is particularly suited to transhumant management; almost all the stock in the Trentino spends the summer months on the mountain pastures of the Val Rendena, and more than half of that in the Veneto summers on the Altopiano di Asiago.

Province of Verona
The province of Verona (Italian: provincia di Verona) is a province of the Veneto region in Italy. On its northwestern border, Lake Garda—Italy's largest—is divided between Verona and the provinces of Brescia (Lombardy region) and Trentino (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region). Its capital is the city of Verona. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The province is cosmopolitan in nature. It is bordered by Italian Tyrol in the north, province of Vicenza and province of Padua in the east, province of Rovigo and province of Mantua in the south, and Lake Garda in the west. From north to south the maximum extent of the province is 50 miles while it is 25 miles from east to west.
Orthosilicic acid
Orthosilicic acid (/ˌɔːrθəsɪˈlɪsɪk/) is an inorganic compound with the formula Si(OH)4. Although rarely observed, it is the key compound of silica and silicates and the precursor to other silicic acids [H2xSiOx+2]n. Silicic acids play important roles in biomineralization and technology. It is the parent acid of the orthosilicate anion SiO4−4.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
2016 NHL Winter Classic
The 2016 NHL Winter Classic (officially the 2016 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic) was an outdoor ice hockey game played in the National Hockey League (NHL) on January 1, 2016, at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The eighth edition of the Winter Classic, it matched the Montreal Canadiens against the Boston Bruins; the Canadiens won, 5–1, a significant event in one of the NHL's best-known rivalries. A Bruins and Canadiens alumni game was also played on December 31, 2015. The Boston Pride women's professional hockey team played before the alumni game against Les Canadiennes of the Canadian Women's Hockey League to a 1–1 tie in the first 2016 Outdoor Women's Classic (officially the Outdoor Women's Classic presented by Scotiabank).

Bridgestone
Bridgestone Corporation (株式会社ブリヂストン, Kabushiki gaisha Burijisuton) is a Japanese multinational manufacturing company based in Kyōbashi, Tokyo. Founded in 1931 by Shōjirō Ishibashi in Kurume, it primarily manufactures tires, as well as golf equipment. The name Bridgestone comes from a calque translation and transposition of the founder's surname, meaning 'stone bridge' in Japanese.

The company has been the world's second-largest tire manufacturer by annual revenue since 2021. As of July 2018, Bridgestone Group has 181 production facilities in 24 countries.
Pimlico, Dublin
Pimlico is an inner city area of Dublin, Ireland on the southside in Dublin 8. It lies between Thomas Court and Ardee Street. At the Thomas Court end of Pimlico is Pimlico Cottages. It is close to the St. James's Gate Guinness Brewery. Similar to other areas of Dublin's Liberties, such as The Coombe, Pimlico was historically home to families of  weavers many of whom had emigrated from France via London.

The name Pimlico is likely one originally of American origin but borrowed laterly from Pimlico in London, England. Its first recorded usage in Dublin is from 1663 in state letters from the Earl of Orrery to the Duke of Ormonde.

The influx of French Huguenots and Jewish immigrants and commercial activity in the area is said to have given the area various unusual sounding names including streets such as Fumbally Lane and Tripoli.

Fumbally Lane
Fumbally Lane (Irish: Lána Fumbally) is a narrow and historic street in Dublin, Ireland, south of the city centre in The Liberties, 'In name and character perhaps the most evocative of all the Liberties' streets.' It connects Blackpitts to New Street and is close to St Patrick's Cathedral.
Michael W. Smith Project
Michael W. Smith Project is the debut album of Christian recording artist Michael W. Smith. The first single from the album, Great Is The Lord, went all the way to number 1 on the 
US Christian AC and CHR charts.

Originally released in 1983, the album was reissued in 1987 with a new cover featuring an updated photo of Smith. The album reached number nine on the Top Contemporary Christian chart.CCM Magazine ranked Michael W. Smith Project at number 34 on their 2001 book CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music. Smith earned his first Grammy nomination for Best Gospel Performance, Male at the 26th Grammy Awards.

26th Annual Grammy Awards
The 26th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 28, 1984, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles, and were broadcast live on American television. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1983. Michael Jackson, who had been recovering from scalp burns sustained due to an accident that occurred during the filming of a Pepsi commercial, won a record eight awards during the show. It is notable for garnering the largest Grammy Award television audience ever with 51.67 million viewers.

Michael Jackson received the most nominations ever in a single night with 12 and won 8 awards, breaking the record for most awards in a single night. Jackson won Album of the Year for Thriller and Record of the Year for "Beat It". The Police won Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take" and Culture Club won for Best New Artist.
Striation (geology)
In geology, a striation is a groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral.

In structural geology, striations are linear furrows, or linear marks, generated from fault movement. The striation's direction reveals the movement direction in the fault plane.

Similar striations, called glacial striations, can occur in areas subjected to glaciation. Striations can also be caused by underwater landslides.

Striations can also be a growth pattern that looks like a set of hairline grooves, seen on crystal faces of certain minerals. Examples of minerals that can show growth striations include pyrite, feldspar, quartz, tourmaline, chalcocite and sphalerite.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
Roberto Maltagliati
Roberto Maltagliati (born 7 April 1969 in Cuggiono, Milan) is a former Italian footballer who played as a defender.

During his career of more than eighteen years, including seven in Serie A, he has played for Parma, Torino (from 1994–1995 to 1999–2000), Piacenza, Ancona and Cagliari. He then moved to Spezia, being one of their best players during the 2005–06 Serie C1/A campaign which ended in a surprise promotion ahead of Genoa C.F.C.

In 2007, he signed for newly promoted Serie C2 side Canavese.

Cagliari Calcio
Cagliari Calcio, commonly referred to as Cagliari (Italian: [ˈkaʎʎari] ⓘ), is a professional Italian football club based in Cagliari, Sardinia, that plays in Serie A, the first tier of Italian football. The club currently plays home matches at the 16,416-seat Unipol Domus.

Founded in 1920, they won their first and only Scudetto in 1969–70, when they were led by the Italian national team's all-time leading scorer, Gigi Riva. The triumph was also the first by a club from south of Rome. The club's best European performance was in the 1993–94 UEFA Cup, reaching the semi-finals before losing to eventual winners Internazionale.

As with the flag of its city, Cagliari's main colours are blue and red. The club badge incorporates the flag of Sardinia.
Abraham Dudley Baldwin
Abraham Dudley Baldwin (April 15, 1788  – June 8, 1862) was an American politician.

Baldwin was born in Fairfield, Connecticut. He was the son of Dudley Baldwin, and a nephew of Abraham Baldwin, one of the framers of the US Constitution, and of Henry Baldwin, one of the Judges of the US Supreme Court.

He graduated from Yale University in 1807.  He studied law, but declined to enter into practice, residing thorough his life on Greenfield Hill, chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits, and occasionally in the discharge of public offices to which he was called by his fellow citizens.  He was several times a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives,
and also of the Connecticut Senate, and while a Senator he was a member of the Corporation of Yale College.

He died in Greenfield Hill, June 8, 1862, aged 74.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.
Naba Das
Naba Kishore Das (7 January 1962 – 29 January 2023) was an Indian politician who was a member of Odisha Legislative Assembly, representing Jharsuguda from 2009 until his assassination in 2023. Originally a member of the Indian National Congress (INC), he later switched to Biju Janata Dal.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Companies Act 2006
The Companies Act 2006 (c. 46) is a lengthy act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, whose 1,300 sections and additional schedules form the primary source of UK company law, including the duties of a company's directors.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
Moscow–Kazan Railway
The Moscow-Kazan railway was opened in 1893.

In 1890 the Moscow-Kazan Railway Association was established after negotiations with the government. In 1891 Nikolai von Meck, the son of Karl Otto Georg von Meck was appointed with the patronage of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Nikolai's father had played an important role in running the Moscow-Ryazan Railway Association

In 1936 the People's Commissariat of Railways created the Moscow-Kazan railway as a separate organisation.

In 1961 the line was merged into the Gorky Railway.

Ministry of Railways (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Railways (Russian: Министерство путей сообщения (МПС) Российской империи/СССР/РФ or Народный комиссариат путей сообщения (НКПС), more correctly translated as Ministry/People's Commisariat of Transportation) oversaw Soviet Railways, which operated the railways of the Soviet Union. It was divided into 32 agencies, which among them had millions of employees. The ministry was responsible for centralized departments (such as electrification), which applied to all subsidiaries.

Before 1946 the ministry was known as the People's Commissariat of Communication Routes, although the term "Ministry of Railways" had been used by the pre-Soviet ministry (founded in 1865).
Digital arteries
Digital arteries are arteries that relate to fingers and toes.

These include:

Common palmar digital arteries

Common plantar digital arteries

Dorsal digital arteries of foot

Dorsal digital arteries of hand

Proper palmar digital arteries

Proper plantar digital arteries

Common palmar digital arteries
Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally over the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles.

Alternative names for these arteries are: common volar digital arteries, ulnar metacarpal arteries, arteriae digitales palmares communes, or aa. digitales volares communes.

Each of these arteries receive the corresponding volar metacarpal artery and then divide into a pair of proper palmar digital arteries (q.v.).
Micropterix aureopennella
Micropterix aureopennella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by John Heath in 1986, and is known from Algeria.

The wingspan is about 74 millimetres (2.9 in).

John Heath (entomologist)
John Heath (18 January 1922 – 6 July 1987) FRES was an English entomologist, specialising in lepidoptera. He helped to established data banks as a tool for conservation policy, both at a national and local level; was chief editor of The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland; and helped to develop the Heath Trap, a portable moth light used for recording moths at light.
Plateau District
Plateau District (District 4) is a municipal electoral division in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It is currently served on Gatineau City Council by Bettyna Belizaire of Action Gatineau.

The district spans the Aylmer and Hull sectors of the city, and contains the Plateau neighbourhood.

The district was created for the 2013 election from parts of Deschênes District and Plateau–Manoir-des-Trembles District.

Following the 2021 redistribution, the western half of the Plateau was transferred to the new Mitigomijokan District.

Le Plateau, Gatineau
Le Plateau (also known as Plateau, or Du Plateau) is a neighbourhood and an urban village in Gatineau, located west of downtown Hull, in the Ottawa area of Canada. The neighbourhood is limited to Gatineau Park to the north, chemin Vanier to the west, Boulevard Saint-Raymond to the east and Boulevard des Allumettières to the south. It consists mostly of houses, but many shopping centres find their home at Plateau.

Le Plateau is located south of Gatineau Park, one of the biggest urban parks in the world. It also contains the Gatineau Hills and does not border any major body of water.