hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia
Bolivia has recognised same-sex civil unions since 20 March 2023 in accordance with a ruling from the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal. The court ruled on 22 June 2022 that the Civil Registry Service (SERECI) is obliged to recognise civil unions for same-sex couples and urged the Legislative Assembly to pass legislation recognising same-sex unions. The court ruling went into effect upon publication on 20 March 2023. The ruling made Bolivia the seventh country in South America to recognise same-sex unions.

Bolivia first recognised a same-sex civil union on 9 December 2020 after a couple challenged the government's refusal to recognise their relationship. A court ruled in favour of the couple on 3 July 2020, and the couple successfully registered their union with a SERECI office on 9 December. The government appealed the ruling to the Constitutional Tribunal, which ruled in favour of same-sex unions on 22 June 2022. The Constitution of Bolivia does not recognize same-sex marriage.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights
9°55′49.58″N 84°3′24.98″W﻿ / ﻿9.9304389°N 84.0569389°W﻿ / 9.9304389; -84.0569389

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS).

Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the American continent that have taken steps to accede to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by governments, and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court.
Wielogóra, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wielogóra [vjɛlɔˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Samborzec, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Samborzec, 10 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
Symphony No. 18 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 18 in C major, Perger 10, Sherman 18, MH 188, written in Salzburg in 1773, is the fifth of the C major symphonies attributed to Joseph Haydn in Hoboken's catalog. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two English horns, two fifes, three bassoons, tamburo, and strings. It has four movements:

The minuet is unusual in that it has a composed coda (as opposed to a mere da capo repeat after the trio) something which would become standard in the scherzi of Beethoven.

Anthony van Hoboken
Anthony van Hoboken (/ˈhoʊboʊkən/ HOH-boh-kən, Dutch: [vɑn ˈɦoːboːkə(n)]; 23 March 1887 – 1 November 1983) was a Dutch musical collector, bibliographer, and musicologist. He became especially well known for his scholarship on the music of Joseph Haydn and in particular for being the creator of the Hoboken catalogue, the standard scholarly catalogue of Haydn's works.
The True History of the Elephant Man
The True History of the Elephant Man is a biography of Joseph Merrick written by Michael Howell and Peter Ford. It was published in 1980 in London, by Allison & Busby. It was distributed in the United States by Schocken Books. A second edition was published in 1983. Following Michael Howell's death in 1986, Peter Ford published a third edition of the book in 1992.

Schocken Books
Schocken Books is a book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House that specializes in Jewish literary works. Originally established in 1931 by Salman Schocken as Schocken Verlag in Berlin, the company later moved to Israel and then the United States, and was acquired by Random House in 1987.
Joseph Rankin
Joseph Rankin (September 25, 1833 – January 24, 1886) was an American businessman and Democratic politician.  He was elected to two terms as U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 5th congressional district, but died during his second term. Earlier in his career, he served 11 years in the Wisconsin Legislature, representing Manitowoc County, and was chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin.

Wisconsin State Legislature
The Wisconsin State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house, Wisconsin State Senate, and the lower Wisconsin State Assembly, both of which have had Republican majorities since January 2011. With both houses combined, the legislature has 132 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. The legislature convenes at the state capitol in Madison.

The current sitting is the 107th Wisconsin Legislature.
Goffers Knoll
Goffers Knoll is a prominent knoll on the Hertfordshire-Cambridgeshire border in the east of England, to the east of the town of Royston and south of Melbourn. It is formed from a spur of the chalk uplands to the west which go on to form the Chiltern Hills. The knoll, standing some 60m above sea level is clearly visible from the A505 road which runs to the south.

Hidden within the copse of trees which surmounts the knoll is a bowl barrow which dates from the Bronze Age and is reported to be substantially intact. It is a scheduled ancient monument. The barrow is 21m in diameter and stands some 1.5m in height above ground level. In the absence of trees, the barrow would be a prominent landmark overlooking the ancient Icknield way (the current route of the A505) and the low-lying land towards Duxford and Cambridge. Excavations of the barrow were carried out by RC Neville in the mid 19th Century and again around 1920.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
2018 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 2018 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was a motorcycle speedway competition organised by Motorcycling Australia (MA) for the Australian Individual Speedway Championship. The event was held over four rounds.

Rohan Tungate won his first championship.

Motorcycling Australia
Motorcycling Australia is the governing body for motorcycle racing in Australia, covering road racing, motocross, trials, supercross, dirt track, supermoto and speedway. Motorcycling Australia is affiliated with the international governing body, Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), based in Geneva, Switzerland.

The body oversees state governing bodies Motorcycling New South Wales, Motorcycling Victoria, Motorcycling Queensland, Motorcycling South Australia, Motorcycling Western Australia, Motorcycling Tasmania and Motorcycling Northern Territory.

Originally formed in 1928 as the Auto Cycle Council of Australia (ACCA), the name changed to Motorcycling Australia in 1992. Today, the organisation has in excess of 21,000 competitors, more than 350 affiliated clubs, and over 3000 registered officials.
British Everest Expedition
The British Mount Everest Expedition can refer to one of three expeditions organised by the Mount Everest Committee or its successor the Joint Himalayan Committee with the aim of making the first ascent of Mount Everest.

British Mount Everest Expedition 1922

British Mount Everest Expedition 1924

British Mount Everest Expedition 1953

1924 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition was—after the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition—the 2nd expedition with the goal of achieving the first ascent of Mount Everest.: 1  After two summit attempts in which Edward Norton set a world altitude record of 8,572.8 metres (28,126 ft),: 11  the mountaineers George Mallory and Andrew "Sandy" Irvine disappeared on the third attempt. Their disappearance has given rise to the long-standing speculation of whether or not the pair might have reached the summit.: 1  Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 8,156 metres (26,760 ft), but the resulting clues did not provide any conclusive evidence as to whether the summit was reached. Irvine's partial remains were later found in 2024 by a National Geographic team during a descent of the Rongbuk Glacier by the North Face.
Lac-Metei
Lac-Metei is an unorganized territory in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada. It is one of five unorganized territories in the La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality. Most of it is inside La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve.

It was formed on July 6, 1996, when most of the former unorganized territory of Lac-Bricault (which was 1,038.06 km2 (400.80 sq mi) in area) was added to the City of Senneterre. It retained only a small wedge-shaped piece of land that was renamed to Lac-Metei, after Lake Metei found within is boundaries. The name Metei comes from the Innu language, meaning "heart".

La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality
La Vallée-de-l'Or (French pronunciation: [la vale də lɔʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in Northwestern Quebec, Canada. The seat is in Val-d'Or. It is named for its gold deposits in the Harricana River and Bell River valleys.
Kenlon Johannes
Kenlon Johannes (born March 2, 1949) is an American businessman and the former Administrator and CEO of the Kansas Soybean Commission and Association. His continued advocacy for biodiesel spans three decades, and he is credited with being the driving force behind the growth of soybean oil within the biodiesel industry, granting him the nickname “the ‘godfather’ of biodiesel.” Johannes has also served as the executive director for multiple soybean organizations.

National Biodiesel Board
Clean Fuels Alliance America (CFAA), formerly known as the National Biodiesel Board, is an American commercial trade association representing the biodiesel industry as the unifying and coordinating body for research and development in the United States. Its mission is to advance the interests of members by creating sustainable biodiesel industry growth. CFAA works to remove barriers to the industry and educate the public about biodiesel. It offers regulatory, technical, communications, education, and petroleum outreach programs.

Biodiesel is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) D6751.
Bettina, Texas
Bettina is a vanished community founded in 1847 by German immigrants as part of the Adelsverein colonization of  the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in the U.S. state of Texas. It was located on the banks of the Llano River in Llano County, and no trace of the settlement remains today. The community was named after German artist and social activist Bettina von Arnim and was one of five attempted by the Darmstadt Forty. It was also known as the Darmstaedter Kolonie. The community was sponsored by the Adelsverein and founded on idealistic philosophies of European freethinkers of the day.  It is notable for the community's camaraderie and mutually respectful relations with local indigenous tribes. Lack of a formal community framework caused Bettina to fail within a year of its founding.

Comrade
In political contexts, comrade means a fellow party member. The political use was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the West has often associated it with communism.  As such, it can also be used as a reference to leftists, akin to "commie". In particular, the Russian word товарищ (tovarishch) may be used as a reference to communists.

The influence of the term in communism in the 20th century has led to some anarchists preferring the term "companion", a term that has been used in Western Europe since the end of the 19th century.
Falling (Alison Moyet song)
"Falling" is a song by British singer-songwriter Alison Moyet, released in October 1993 by Columbia Records as the lead single from her fourth studio album, Essex (1994). The song was written by Moyet and Pete Glenister, and produced by Ian Broudie of The Lightning Seeds. A music video was filmed to promote the single, directed by The Douglas Brothers.

The Lightning Seeds
The Lightning Seeds (also known as Lightning Seeds) are an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1989 by Ian Broudie (vocals, guitar, producer), formerly of the bands Big in Japan, Care, and Original Mirrors. Originally a studio-based solo project for Broudie, the Lightning Seeds expanded into a touring band following Jollification (1994). The group experienced commercial success throughout the 1990s and are well known for their single "Three Lions", a collaboration with David Baddiel and Frank Skinner which reached No. 1 in the UK in 1996 and 2018, with a re-worked version also reaching the top spot in 1998.
1977 Croke Cup
The 1977 Croke Cup was the 26th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 3 April to 1 May 1977.

St Flannan's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St Colman's College in the Harty Cup final.

The final was played on 1 May 1977 at Semple Stadium in Thurles, between St Colman's College and St Kieran's College, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Colman's College won the match by 2–13 to 1–09 to claim their first ever Croke Cup title.

John Mangan was the top scorer with 2-02.

St Flannan's College
Saint Flannan's College is an Irish co-educational secondary school located in Ennis, County Clare, which takes its name from the 7th century  patron saint of the Dál gCais. It was formerly an all-boys boarding school. The first co-ed class began in 2002 for First Year students. In 2003 an extension which added over 20 new rooms and extensive new facilities to the college was completed. The school had rapidly expanded since 1962, when there were some 370 pupils, 140 of whom were day boys, and only 37 teachers. By 2004, enrollment had risen to more than 1,000 students, and Staff numbers had risen to 60. In 2005, the boarding portion of the school was closed. In the 2010–11 school year there were 1,206 students. This has since grown again to 1,276 students in 2025-2026. St. Flannan's College is the largest Secondary School in Munster.
Keila railway station
Keila railway station (Estonian: Keila raudteejaam) is a railway station serving the town of Keila in Harju County in northern Estonia.

Keila railway station is located on the Tallinn–Keila railway line, approximately 26 km (16 mi) southwest from the Baltic station (Estonian: Balti jaam) which is the main railway station of Tallinn. West of the station the railway line splits in two: The Keila–Turba railway line (until 2004 the Keila–Haapsalu railway line) continues to Turba, and the Keila–Paldiski railway line continues to Paldiski.

The station opened in 1870 as an intermediate station on the Saint Petersburg–Paldiski railway line which was completed in 1870. In 1905, the branch line from Keila to Paldiski opened, and Keila station became a railway junction. Currently, the station is served by Tallinn's commuter rail network, an electrified commuter rail network operated by Elron, linking the city of Tallinn with its suburbs and the surrounding countryside.

Paldiski
Paldiski is a seaside town in northwestern Estonia on the Pakri Peninsula. The town is adjacent to the Pakri islands in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. It is the administrative centre of the Lääne-Harju Parish in Harju County.

Paldiski is home to a large ice-free port and is the terminus of the Tallinn-Paldiski railway line. The port is served by passenger ferry services to Kapellskär, Sweden, operated by Tallink and DFDS Seaways.

As of 1 January 2021, the town had a population of 3,542 persons.
OER Africa
OER Africa is an initiative of Saide, established in 2008 with support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, to collaborate with higher education institutions in Africa in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OER), to enhance teaching and learning.

Currently, OER Africa is

Developing continuous professional development (CPD) frameworks for supporting OER practices in higher education institutions in Africa.

Identifying, evaluating and sharing CPD OER available from institutions around the world.

Establishing working partnerships with selected African universities to identify the most appropriate strategies to strengthen the policy and operational environments.

Regular, up-to-date communications on news and events relating to OER in African higher education are provided on the website.

OER Africa has been cited recently in EdTechHub, TESSA, Policy Commons, Open Praxis, and PLoS One

Hewlett Foundation
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, commonly known as the Hewlett Foundation, is an American private foundation based in Menlo Park, California. It was established by Hewlett-Packard cofounder William Redington Hewlett and his wife Flora Lamson Hewlett in 1966.  The Hewlett Foundation awards grants to a variety of liberal and progressive causes.

With assets of approximately US$14 billion, Hewlett is one of the wealthiest grant makers in the United States. The foundation has grantmaking programs in education, the environment, global development and population, the performing arts, and philanthropy.
Red, White & Royal Blue (soundtrack)
Red, White & Royal Blue (Amazon Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2023 film Red, White & Royal Blue directed by Matthew López, based on Casey McQuiston's 2019 novel of the same name. The soundtrack featured 27 tracks, with two songs — "If I Loved You" and "Fruit (Red, White & Royal Blue Version)" by Vagabon and Oliver Sim respectively — released as singles, and the remainder of the album consisted of instrumental tracks composed by Sofia Hultquist a.k.a. Drum & Lace, released by Lakeshore Records on August 11, 2023.

Perfume Genius
Michael Alden Hadreas (born September 25, 1981), better known by his stage name Perfume Genius, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Hadreas's indie music stylistically explores pop and rock with various influences and atmospheres. The themes in his music have included sexuality, his personal struggle with Crohn's disease, domestic abuse, and the dangers faced by gay men in contemporary society.
Kuai Liang
Kuai Liang (fl. 190s–200s), courtesy name Zirou, was an adviser to the warlord Liu Biao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was from Zhonglu County, Nan Commandery, which is located southwest of present-day Xiangyang, Hubei. He had a younger brother, Kuai Yue, and a son Kuai Jun (蒯钧).

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
John Torrington
John Shaw Torrington (1825 – 1 January 1846) was a Royal Navy stoker. He was part of the 1845 Franklin Expedition to chart unexplored areas of what is now Nunavut, Canada, find the Northwest Passage, and make scientific observations. He was the first fatality of the expedition, of which all personnel ultimately died, mostly in and around King William Island. Torrington was buried on Beechey Island. His body was exhumed by forensic anthropologist Owen Beattie in 1984, to try to determine the cause of death. His remains are among the best preserved example of a corpse since the ancient Tollund Man which was found in the 1950s. Photographs of his mummified remains were widely published and inspired music and literature.

Fireman (steam engine)
A fireman, stoker or boilerman is a person who tends the fire for the running of a boiler, heating a building, or powering a steam engine. Much of the job is hard physical labor, such as shoveling fuel, typically coal, into the boiler's firebox. On steam locomotives, the title fireman is usually used, while on steamships and stationary steam engines, such as those driving saw mills, the title is usually stoker (although the British Merchant Navy did use fireman). The German word Heizer is equivalent and in Dutch the word stoker is mostly used too. The United States Navy referred to them as watertenders.
Zions Bancorporation
Zions Bancorporation is an American national bank headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. It operates as a national bank rather than as a bank holding company and does business under the following seven brands: Zions Bank, Amegy Bank of Texas, California Bank and Trust, National Bank of Arizona, Nevada State Bank, Vectra Bank Colorado, and the Commerce Bank of Washington.

As of 2023, it had 416 branches and over 1 million customers. It was founded by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1873, although the church divested its interest in the bank in 1960.

Branch (banking)
A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or other financial institution (including a brokerage firm) offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its customers.