hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castagna, Catanzaro
Castagna is a small village in Carlopoli of the province of Catanzaro, Region of Calabria, Italy. In the English language, castagna is chestnut. Many Castagnese emigrated in the late 19th and early 20th century. Most inhabitants ended up in Utica, New York and some in Ontario. It is also home to the Abbey of Santa Maria di Corazzo.

Diocese of Lamezia Terme
The Diocese of Lamezia Terme (Latin: Dioecesis Neocastrensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Calabria. In 1818 the ancient see of Martirano, the former Mamertum (the first bishop of which was Domnus, in 761), was united to the diocese of Nicastro. The diocese was then a suffragan of the archdiocese of Reggio in Calabria. In 1986, the historic Diocese of Nicastro had its name changed. It is currently called the Diocese of Lamezia Terme, and it is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Catanzaro-Squillace.  The name change reflects the incorporation of the comune of Nicastro into Lamezia Terme, an administrative change of 1968 on the part of the State of Italy.
Mediterranean Ridge
The Mediterranean Ridge is a wide ridge in the bed of the Mediterranean Sea, running along a rough quarter circle from Calabria, south of Crete, to the southwest corner of Turkey.

It is an accretionary wedge caused by the African Plate subducting under the Eurasian and Anatolian plates.  As the African Plate moves slowly north-northeastward, the sedimentary rocks covering the Mediterranean seafloor are being affected by active shortening, involving both thrust faulting and folding, lifting them up and forming the ridge.

Along the ridge, five deep basins full of anoxic brine have been found (including the L'Atalante basin), where Messinian evaporite deposits of brine caught up in this ongoing orogeny have dissolved.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Jerry Sexton (politician)
Jerry Sexton (born March 9, 1957) is a retired American politician who served as a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives. Sexton represented Tennessee House District 35, an area in East Tennessee consisting of Grainger, Claiborne, and part of Union counties from 2015 until his retirement following redistricting in 2023. Sexton would be succeeded by several representatives, including Rick Eldridge, Gary Hicks, and Dennis Powers, for Grainger, Claiborne, and Union counties respectively following the dissolution of District 35.

Tennessee Blue Book
The Tennessee Blue Book is an official government manual for the U.S. state of Tennessee, published by the Secretary of State of Tennessee.

The Blue Book is typically published on a biennial basis.  Its contents include details on the organization of the government of Tennessee, maps of Congressional districts, state Senate districts, state House districts, and listings of other facts, such as which counties are joined together in judicial districts, and the composition of certain governmental boards and how their members are appointed.

Additionally, thumbnail biographies of most senior state officials and all past governors are included, as well as a brief history of the state, and the text of the Tennessee State Constitution and the United States Constitution.  The Blue Book is a fairly reliable source of information about Tennessee governmental officials.
Hitachiōmiya
Hitachiōmiya (Japanese: 常陸大宮市, Hepburn: Hitachiōmiya-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 39,281 in 16.047 households and a population density of 220 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 37.6%. The total area of the city is 348.45 square kilometres (134.54 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Susan Estrada
Susan Estrada is in the Internet Hall of Fame for founding CERFnet, one of the original regional IP networks, in 1988. Through her leadership and collaboration with PSINet and UUnet, Estrada helped form the interconnection enabling the first commercial Internet traffic via the Commercial Internet Exchange.

She founded Aldea Communications, Inc. and wrote Connecting to the Internet in 1993. Estrada was inducted to the Internet Hall of Fame in 2014.

Formerly on the board of trustees of the Internet Society.

PSINet
PSINet, formerly Performance Systems International, was an American internet service provider based in Northern Virginia. As one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs), it was involved in the commercialization of the Internet until the company's bankruptcy in 2001 during the dot-com bubble and acquisition by Cogent Communications in 2002.

It was founded on December 5, 1989, and 
began offering services, including limited for-profit access to the Internet, on January 1, 1990, becoming one of the first companies to sell Internet connectivity.
Rony Talukdar
Rony Talukdar (Bengali: রনি তালুকদার; born 10 October 1990) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a right-handed batter. He made his international debut for Bangladesh in July 2015 against South Africa. He plays first-class cricket for Dhaka Division in Bangladesh. He was part of Bangladesh's squad for the Under-19 World Cup in 2008.

Dhaka Division cricket team
The Dhaka Division cricket team is a Bangladeshi first-class team representing the Dhaka Division, one of the seven administrative regions in Bangladesh. The team competes in the National Cricket League. They play most of their home games at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Dhaka.The equivalent team in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) is the Dhaka Capitals.
Alexandre Laferrière
Alexandre Laferrière (born 1973) is a Canadian screenwriter known for working with the director Maxime Giroux.

Among his screenplays are Demain (2009) and Jo for Jonathan (Jo pour Jonathan) (2010), directed by Giroux. In meeting with Giroux at cafes to discuss their next project, Giroux said, "We'd see these women and men walking by and we just didn't know anything about them." This provided inspiration for their script Felix and Meira. Laferrière did much of the research. For the 2014 film, Laferrière won Best Screenplay at the Whistler Film Festival, and the Jutra Award for Best Screenplay.

Jo for Jonathan
Jo for Jonathan (French: Jo pour Jonathan) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Maxime Giroux and released in 2010. The film stars Raphaël Lacaille as Jonathan, a teenager who wants to emulate his older brother Thomas (Jean-Sébastien Courchesne) and become a player in the world of illegal car racing. Despite not yet having a driver's license, he enters a race and loses, getting into trouble as he does not have money to pay; Thomas must bail him out by racing himself, but is gravely injured in an accident.

The film premiered at the Locarno Film Festival in August 2010, and had its Canadian premiere at the Festival international du cinéma francophone en Acadie in September. It went into commercial release in March 2011.

Lacaille won the Borsos Competition award for best actor in a Canadian film at the 2010 Whistler Film Festival.
Tonight (West Side Story song)
"Tonight" is a song composed by Leonard Bernstein with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim that was written for the 1957 musical West Side Story, where it is presented in two parts. It originated as a section of the "Tonight Quintet" that has been covered by many artists and had success on the record charts. Additional lyrics were later written for use in a scene that takes place on a fire escape.

Eddie Fisher
Edwin Jack Fisher (August 10, 1928 – September 22, 2010) was an American singer and actor. Popular during the 1950s, he sold millions of records and hosted his own TV show, The Eddie Fisher Show. Fisher had multiple high-profile marriages, including with Debbie Reynolds, Elizabeth Taylor, and Connie Stevens. With Reynolds, he fathered Carrie Fisher.
Merindah Dingjan
Merinda Dingjan (born 15 January 1991) is an Australian swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m medley at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

She was born in Arnhem, Netherlands, but later moved to Canberra.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Riverside, Cardiff
Riverside (Welsh: Glan yr Afon) is an inner-city area and community of Cardiff, Wales, next to the River Taff. Riverside is also the name of the electoral ward, which includes the district of Pontcanna, to the north. The population of the community in 2011 was 13,771. Pontcanna was removed from the community in 2016.

Inner city
The term inner city (also called the hood) has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into a formal designation by applying the term inner city to such residential areas, rather than to more geographically central commercial districts, often referred to by terms such as downtown, city centre, or central business district.
Voice of Ho Chi Minh City
Voice of Ho Chi Minh City (VOH), fully the Voice of Ho Chi Minh City's People (Đài Tiếng nói Nhân dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), is the official radio broadcasting station of Ho Chi Minh City and now a component of Ho Chi Minh City Television. The station is originally located at No.3 Nguyễn Đình Chiểu Street, Đa Kao Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City (now Saigon ward), Vietnam.

Đa Kao
Đa Kao is an area in the southside of Tân Định ward, it plays a role as administrative centre also a part of the city historic central business district along with some nearby ward. It was a ward (phường) of District 1 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, but was dissolved following Vietnam's 2025 administrative reforms since July 2025.
Koratla Assembly constituency
Koratla Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one among three constituencies in Jagtial district. It is part of Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Kalvakuntla Sanjay of Bharat Rashtra Samithi is representing the constituency

Telangana Legislative Assembly
The Telangana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Telangāṇa Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature. The Legislative Assembly of Telangana currently consists of 119 elected members.

The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise. Each constituency elects one member of the assembly. Members are popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
South Carolina Highway 161
South Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a 28.910-mile (46.526 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina.

Rock Hill, South Carolina
Rock Hill is the most populous city in York County, South Carolina, United States, and the 5th-most populous city in the state. It is also the 4th-most populous city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 74,372.

The city is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Charlotte and approximately 70 miles (110 km) north of Columbia.

Rock Hill offers scenic riverfront views along the Catawba River and is home to numerous nature trails, restaurants, and thirty-one parks which are used for both national and local events. Its historic downtown consist of twelve contiguous buildings built as early as 1840 offering dining and retail options. The city is also home to three colleges, including Winthrop University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1886 which enrolls nearly 6,000 students annually.
Iconoclast: A Neuroscientist Reveals How to Think Differently
Iconoclast: a Neuroscientist Reveals How to Think Differently is a neuropsychology book written by Gregory Berns and first published in 2008 by Harvard Business Press. The text describes how iconoclasts leverage perception, imagination, fear, and social intelligence to achieve success.

Harvard Business Publishing
Harvard Business Publishing (HBP) is a publisher founded in 1994 as a not-for-profit, independent corporation and an affiliate of Harvard Business School (distinct from Harvard University Press), with a focus on improving business management practices. The company offers articles, books, case studies, simulations, videos, learning programs, and digital tools to organizations and subscribers.

HBP consists of three market units: Education and Corporate Learning (under the Harvard Business Impact brand) and Harvard Business Review Group. Their offering consists of print and digital media (Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Review Press books, Harvard Business School and other licensed cases), events, digital learning (Harvard ManageMentor, HMM Spark), blended learning, and campus experiences.
2018 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2018 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink from 27 January to 28 January 2018. The tournament was part of the 2017–2018 speed skating season. Dai Dai N'tab and Letitia de Jong won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held at the same time as the 2018 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Yves Rispat
Yves Rispat (17 September 1931 –15 January 2015) was a French politician.

Rispat was born in Capdenac, and later moved to Lupiac, where he was first elected mayor in 1965. He was elected to the Gers General Council in 1988, representing Aignan until 2008. Rispat served the Rispat served on the National Assembly from 1993 to 1997. He left the Assembly for the Senate, and stepped down from the senate in 2008. In 2011, Rispat was convicted on charges of embezzlement dating back to his tenure as leader of an agricultural association in Gers. As a result of the ruling, Rispat's Légion d'honneur and National Order of Merit were rescinded in 2014. He did not stand for municipal reelection that year, and died on 15 January 2015 in Auch. Rispat's funeral was held two days after his death.

Capdenac
Capdenac (French pronunciation: [kapdənak]) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

It has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At one time Capdenac was thought to be identifiable as the Gaulish settlement of Uxellodunum which was besieged by Julius Caesar, but this theory has been discredited.
Mirugam
Mirugam (transl. Animal) is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language erotic drama film written and directed by Samy. The film stars debutant Aadhi and Padmapriya. The music was composed by Sabesh–Murali with editing by Suresh Urs and cinematography by Ramnath Shetty. The film was released on 14 December 2007.

Suresh Urs
Suresh Urs is an Indian film editor who works predominantly in Kannada and Tamil cinema. He has edited over 700 films and 40 documentaries and television shows. Urs is well known for his association with directors like Girish Karnad, Mani Ratnam, Shankar Nag, T. S. Nagabharana, Girish Kasaravalli, P. Vasu, Bala, Saran and Baraguru Ramachandrappa. He was awarded the National Film Award for Best Editing for his work in Bombay (1995). He also won a national award for best editing (non-feature) for Madhyantara in 2022. Besides, he is a recipient of five Karnataka State Film Awards and two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. He was also honored to win the  Karnataka State Rajyotsava Prashasti.
Lifetime Achievement Vishnuvardhan Award from Karnataka Government in 2014.
Faiyum SC
Faiyum Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي الفيوم للألعاب الرياضية) is an Egyptian football club based in Fayoum, Egypt. The club plays in the Egyptian Second Division, the second-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.

The club was founded in 1951.

The home stadium is Fayoum Stadium which can accommodate 20,000 people.

Since 2021, Nike has been the official kit sponsor for Faiyum SC.

Egyptian football league system
The Egyptian football league system refers to the hierarchically interconnected league system (league pyramid) for association football in Egypt. All divisions are bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. The system consists of five levels, with the top two levels being professional league. Below this, the semi-professional and amateur levels that have progressively more parallel divisions, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas. Teams that finish at the top of their division at the end of each season can rise higher in the pyramid, while those that finish at the bottom find themselves sinking further down. In theory, it is possible for even the lowest local amateur club to rise to the top of the system and become Egyptian football champions one day. The number of teams promoted and relegated between the divisions varies, and can change from a season and another.
Colonial Coast Rugby Conference
The Colonial Coast Rugby Conference is a New England–based college rugby conference founded in 2012.  The conference provides a pathway to the National Small College Rugby Organization National Championship for Division 3 college rugby programs.

In addition, the conference provides a pathway for women's rugby to compete in the National Collegiate Rugby national championships.

Plymouth, New Hampshire
Plymouth is a New England town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States, in the White Mountains Region. It has a unique role as the economic, medical, commercial, and cultural center for the predominantly rural Plymouth, NH Labor Market Area. Plymouth is located at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Baker rivers and sits at the foot of the White Mountains. The town's population was 6,682 at the 2020 census. It is home to Plymouth State University, Speare Memorial Hospital, and Plymouth Regional High School.

The town's main center, where 4,730 people resided at the 2020 census (three-quarters of whom are college student age), is defined as the Plymouth census-designated place (CDP), and is located along U.S. Route 3, south of the confluence of the Baker and Pemigewasset rivers.

Plymouth State University, in the center of town, has a total undergraduate population of 3,336 students and a total graduate population of 503 students as of the 2023/2024 academic year.
RAF Wyton
Royal Air Force Wyton or more simply RAF Wyton (IATA: QUY, ICAO: EGUY) is a Royal Air Force station near St Ives, Cambridgeshire, England. The airfield is decommissioned and the station is now under the command of UK Strategic Command.

RAF Wyton is home to the National Centre for Geospatial Intelligence (NCGI), which provides Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) support to HM Armed Forces. It also contains the Ministry of Defence Police Headquarters, the Defence Infrastructure Organisation Regional Headquarters, 42 Engineer Regiment (Geographic), and several other UK and Allied capabilities, authorities, and departments.

Located within the station, the Pathfinder Building is described as the "operations centre of Defence Intelligence" and the “largest Top Secret, Five-Eyes by design, military intelligence fusion and assessment facility in the world."

Defence Infrastructure Organisation
Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO) is an operating arm of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in the United Kingdom, which is responsible for the built and rural estate. Its chief executive is Mike Green.
Wannan
Wannan is a name given to the southern part of Anhui province, China. 'Wan' (皖) is an alternative designation for Anhui. The region includes Ma'anshan (except Hanshan and He County), Wuhu (except Wuwei County), Tongling, Xuancheng, Huangshan and Chizhou. The region corresponds to the part of Anhui south of the Yangtze. Wannan has a distinctive culture from the rest of Anhui, having its own dialect and cuisine, and is known for tea cultivation. Compared to the rest of Anhui, the region is much more mountainous.

Wuhu
Wuhu (simplified Chinese: 芜湖; traditional Chinese: 蕪湖; pinyin: Wúhú; lit. 'Weedy Lake') is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Anhui province, China. Sitting on the southeast bank of the Yangtze River, Wuhu borders Xuancheng to the southeast, Chizhou and Tongling to the southwest, Hefei City to the northwest, Ma'anshan city to the northeast, Jiangsu to the east, and is approximately 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Nanjing. With ongoing urbanization  in the southern part of Nanjing, a conurbation is forming between Nanjing, Maanshan and Wuhu, comprising over 10.66 million inhabitants.
Acer floridanum
Acer floridanum (syn. Acer saccharum subsp. floridanum (Chapm.) Desmarais, Acer barbatum auct. non Michx.), commonly known as the Florida maple and occasionally as the southern sugar maple or hammock maple, is a tree that occurs in mesic and usually calcareous woodlands of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain in the United States, from southeastern Virginia in the north, south to central Florida, and west to Oklahoma and Texas and also common in south Illinois and Missouri

Coastal plain
A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area.