hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Type foundry
A type foundry is a company that designs or distributes typefaces. Before digital typography, type foundries manufactured and sold metal and wood typefaces for hand typesetting, and matrices for line-casting machines like the Linotype and Monotype, for letterpress printers. Today's digital type foundries accumulate and distribute typefaces (typically as digitized fonts) created by type designers, who may either be freelancers operating their own independent foundry, or employed by a foundry. Type foundries may also provide custom type design services.

Matrix (printing)
In the manufacture of metal type used in letterpress printing, a matrix (from the Latin meaning womb or a female breeding animal) is the mould used to cast a letter, known as a sort. Matrices for printing types were made of copper.

However, in printmaking the matrix is whatever is used, with ink, to hold the image that makes up the print, whether a plate in etching and engraving or a woodblock in woodcut.
Kvam Church
Kvam Church (Norwegian: Kvam kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kvam, along the lake Snåsavatnet. It is the church for the Kvam parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1878 using plans drawn up by the architect Rasmus M. Overrein.

Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.
Cotti e mangiati
Cotti e mangiati (Cooked and eaten) is an Italian sitcom that aired on RAI Uno in 2006. It starred Flavio Insinna as the lead character, Franco Mancini, a married car rental dealer, and father of two teenagers. The show performed poorly in ratings; however since episodes were only 5 minutes in length, 75 episodes were aired. Each dealt with family issues like teenage pregnancy, peer pressure, etc.

The series first aired in the summer of 2006 in the period after the main edition of TG1 and was seen as an imitator of Italia 1's Love Bugs, which had a similar format, as well as the Italian version of Camera Café, which aired on the same network. What set it apart from Camera Café was that the format was entirely Italian. The first episode was broadcast on 3 July 2006 in order to raise national interest in the final matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was eventually won by Italy.

Italia 1
Italia 1 (Italian pronunciation [iˈtaːlja ˈuːno]) is an Italian free-to-air television channel on the Mediaset network, owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It is aimed at both a young adult and adult audience.

Italia 1 was launched on 3 January 1982 and, was originally owned by Rusconi; after a few months, however, due to the aggressive dumping practices of Silvio Berlusconi's rival network Canale 5, Rusconi was forced to sell the majority of his company to Fininvest, allowing Berlusconi to further strengthen his media holdings.
Endgame (The Legend of Korra)
"Endgame" is the twelfth and final episode of the first season of the American animated television series The Legend of Korra, a sequel to Avatar: The Last Airbender. Production occurred under the code 1123 and the episode was directed by Joaquim Dos Santos and Ki Hyun Ryu and written by the Avatar franchise creators Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. "Endgame" originally aired on Nickelodeon on June 23, 2012, and was animated by Studio Mir.

Joaquim Dos Santos
Joaquim Aranha dos Santos (born July 22, 1977) is a Portuguese-born American storyboard artist, designer, director, producer, and writer. He is known for his directorial work on the television series Justice League Unlimited, Avatar: The Last Airbender, G.I. Joe: Resolute, The Legend of Korra, and Voltron: Legendary Defender, the latter of which he also worked on as a co-showrunner. He also co-directed the film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023).
Coleophora boreella
Coleophora boreella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the Netherlands and Poland.

The wingspan is 10–12 mm.

The larvae feed on Sagina nodosa. They create a trivalved tubular silken case of 4.4-5.8 mm with a mouth angle of 35-45°. The case has a few indistinct length lines and the surface is roughened by sand grains of varying size that are spun into it and fragments of the epidermis of mined leaves. The larvae mine the leaves, but also feed on the fruit. Full-grown larvae can be found in August and September.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Yi Wŏn'gye
Yi Wŏn'gye (Korean: 이원계; Hanja: 李元桂; 1330–1388), later posthumously promoted to Grand Prince Wanp'ung, was a warrior and painter in the late Goryeo period. He was the oldest child and son of Yi Chach'un, making him the older half-brother to Yi Sŏnggye, who later founded the Joseon dynasty.

After repulsing the Red Turban invasions and Japanese pirates, Yi was enfeoffed as the Prince Cheoksan (척산군; 陟山君) and later Prince Wansan (완산군; 完山君). Then, after the Joseon dynasty was established in 1392, he was posthumously enfeoffed as Count Wansan (완산백; 完山伯) and later enfeoffed as a grand prince in 1872 during King Gojong's reign.

Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
The Red Turban invasions of Goryeo occurred in the 14th century, when the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty spread to the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The Red Turban rebels, originating in the Zhejiang area, were opposed to the Yuan dynasty. After gaining control of Liaodong, the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo in 1359 and 1360.
Meremäe birch grove
Meremäe birch grove, also known as Kärner birch grove, is a forest stand under protection in Meremäe rural municipality, in Meremäe village in Estonia. The surface area of the grove is 2.0 hectares (4.9 acres) and it is under state protection. The grove was taken under protection for the first time by decision no 33 of the executive committee of the Council of People's Deputies on 30 March 1962 “Arranging of Preservation of Nature and the Protection of Cultural Monuments in Võru District”.         
The birch grove has also been called Kärner's grove, because the forest stand was situated on the land of the former Kärner farm. People of Meremäe consider the birch grove as their recreation area and a delightful sight, as well as a symbol of the region. It is mostly a grove consisting of birches, with spruce being the dominant tree in the undergrowth.

Meremäe
Meremäe (also known as Mihailova, Mihailovo) is a village in Setomaa Parish, Võru County, southeastern Estonia. The biggest settlements nearby include Vastseliina (10 km (6 mi) west), town of Võru (29 km (18 mi) northwest) and Russian town Pechory (11 km (7 mi) northeast). As of the 2011 census, the village's population was 146.

There are primary school, library and a society centre operating in Meremäe.

Meremäe is also home to archaeological monument no. 13598, Uusvada ludimägi.
Aaadonta constricta babelthuapi
Aaadonta constricta babelthuapi is a subspecies of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. It is endemic to Palau, where it was previously known from Babeldaob and Ngemelis. It is now only known from Ngatpang. It is threatened by destruction or modification of its habitat.

Babeldaob
Babeldaob (also Babelthuap) is the largest island in the island nation of Palau. It is in the western Caroline Islands, and the second largest island (after Guam) in the Micronesia region of Oceania. Palau's capital, Ngerulmud, is located on Babeldaob, in Melekeok State.

Babeldaob is one of the most underdeveloped populated islands in the Pacific Ocean. The area of Babeldaob, 331 km2 (128 sq mi), makes up over 70% of the land area of the entire Republic of Palau. It has about 30% of the country's population, with about 6,000 people living on it.
St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (San Luis Obispo, California)
St. Stephen's Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Church in San Luis Obispo, California. The parish was established in 1867, and the church building was completed shortly thereafter. The current Rector is The Rev. Ian M. Delinger.

San Luis Obispo, California
San Luis Obispo (Spanish for 'St. Louis the Bishop'; /sæn ˌluːɪs əˈbɪspoʊ/ san LOO-iss ə-BISS-poh; Spanish: [san ˈlwis oˈβispo]; Chumash: tiłhini) is a city in and the county seat of San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, San Luis Obispo is roughly halfway between the San Francisco Bay Area in the north and Greater Los Angeles in the south. The population was 47,063 at the 2020 census.

San Luis Obispo was founded by the Spanish in 1772, when Saint Junípero Serra established Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. The town grew steadily through the Mexican period before a rapid expansion of San Luis Obispo following the American Conquest of California. San Luis Obispo is a popular tourist destination, known for its historic architecture, vineyards, and hospitality, as well as for being home to California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Tang sight
A tang sight is the rear sight of a pair of iron sights used to aim or align a rifle so the bullet fired will hit the target. The sight is attached to the tang: a steel plate extending toward the butt from a rifle receiver for attachment of the receiver to a wooden buttstock. A tang sight often offers the maximum sight radius, or distance between the front and rear sights attached to the rigid receiver and barrel assembly of a rifle. Large sight radius decreases bullet placement errors caused by sight misalignment.

Tang sights were widely used for long-range shooting during the late 19th century. They became less common as lighter rifles with heavier recoil increased the possibility of eye injury from the proximity of the sight to the shooter's face. Tang sights remain popular with individuals participating in historical re-enactment events and cowboy action shooting matches.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
Inodrillia aepynota
Inodrillia aepynota is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.

It was previously included within the family Turridae.

Fossils have been found in Quaternary strata of Florida, USA; age range: 2.588 to 0.781 Ma

Turridae
Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

The family name Turridae was originally given to a very large group of several thousand sea snail species that were thought to be closely related. The family was described with about 700 genus-group taxa and an estimated 10,000 recent and fossil species.  However, that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic.

In recent years, the family Turridae has been much reduced in size, because a number of other families were created to contain the monophyletic lineages that had previously been thought to belong in the same family.

The common name turrids is still used informally to refer to the polyphyletic group.
James Piszcyk
James "Jimmy" Piszcyk (born 25 August 2006) is an Australian racing driver who last competed in the 2025 F4 British Championship with Rodin Motorsport, where he came runner-up to the title. He is also the winner of the 2024 Formula 4 Australian Championship.

Yas Marina Circuit
The Yas Marina Circuit (Arabic: حلبة مرسى ياس) is a 5.281 km (3.281 mi) motorsport circuit situated on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The circuit was designed by Hermann Tilke. It has hosted the season-ending Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. Yas Marina was the second of four Formula One tracks in the Middle East, with the first being in Bahrain and subsequent tracks in Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

A two-day GP2 Asia Series test was held to officially open the circuit, which was held a week before the 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. It also hosted V8 Supercars between 2010 and 2012, with the event being the opening round in 2010 and 2011. Outside motorsport, the circuit was used for the final stage of the inaugural Abu Dhabi Tour cycle race in 2015–2017. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
Egypt at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Egypt boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, because of the British and French involvement in the Suez Crisis. The equestrian events for the 1956 Games, however, were held in Stockholm, Sweden, five months earlier, due to Australian quarantine regulations, and three Egyptian riders competed in the show jumping events. None of the athletes won individual medals and they failed to place in the team competition due to one rider's failure to finish the individual tournament.

Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
The Republic of Egypt was a state created in 1953 under the rule of Mohammed Naguib following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 in which the Kingdom of Egypt's Muhammad Ali dynasty came to an end. It was superseded in 1958 with the creation of the United Arab Republic.

The territory of the state compromised modern day Egypt as well as the Gaza Strip, governed by the All-Palestine Protectorate. The territory also included modern day Sudan and South Sudan until 1956 when the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Condominium was abolished, granting the Republic of the Sudan independence.
Festivals in Kolkata
Kolkata has many festivals throughout the year. The largest and most magnificently celebrated festival of the city is Durga Puja, and it features colourful pandals, decorative idols of the Hindu goddess Durga and her family, lighting decorations and fireworks. Other major festivals are Diwali, Kali Puja, Holi, Saraswati Puja, Poush Parbon, Poila Boishakh, Christmas, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha.

Holi
Holi (IPA: ['hoːli:, hoːɭiː]) is a major Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring.
It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the deities Radha and Krishna.
Additionally, the day signifies the triumph of good over evil, as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha over Hiranyakashipu. 
Holi originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent, but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora.

Holi also celebrates the arrival of spring in India, the end of winter, and the blossoming of love. It is also an invocation for a good spring harvest season. It lasts for a night and a day, starting on the evening of the Purnima (full moon day) falling on the Hindu calendar month of Phalguna, which falls around the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar.
1931 Southwest Sumatra earthquake
The 1931 Southwest Sumatra earthquake occurred on 25 September at 05:59 UTC. It was located between the Enggano Island and Sumatra, Indonesia, then under the rule of Dutch East Indies. It had a magnitude of Mw 7.3, or Ms 7.5.

The earthquake occurred off southwest Sumatra. Some huts were shifted by about 0.5 metre. The earthquake could be felt in Padang, more than 500 km away and in Bandung, about 600 km away. It was reported that the earthquake was even felt in Pamekasan, Madura Island, about 1250 km away. A tsunami of 1 metre high was reported.

Pamekasan
Pamekasan (Madurese: Mekkasân) is a town and district which serves as the administrative center of Pamekasan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Madura, in an inland location towards the south coast of the island.
Tsuga sieboldii
Tsuga sieboldii, also called the southern Japanese hemlock, or in Japanese, simply tsuga (栂), is a conifer native to the Japanese islands of Honshū, Kyūshū, Shikoku and Yakushima. In Europe and North America the tree is sometimes used as an ornamental and has been in cultivation since 1861.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Live! Vampires
Live! Vampires is the first live album by American hard rock band L.A. Guns. Recorded in August 1991 at two shows in the United States, it was self-produced by the band and released in Japan only on February 26, 1992, by Vertigo Records. The majority of songs performed on the album are from the band's third studio album Hollywood Vampires, plus one each from L.A. Guns and Cocked & Loaded. Live! Vampires registered at number 91 on the Japanese Albums Chart.

Vertigo Records
Vertigo Records is a British record company. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today, it’s operated by Universal Music Germany and the UK catalogue was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records, which returned to the EMI Records name in June 2020.
Heawood number
In mathematics, the Heawood number of a surface is an upper bound for the number of colors that suffice to color any graph embedded in the surface.

In 1890 Heawood proved for all surfaces except the sphere that no more than

colors are needed to color any graph embedded in a surface of Euler characteristic , or genus  for an orientable surface. 
The number  became known as the Heawood number in 1976.

Franklin proved that the chromatic number of a graph embedded in the Klein bottle can be as large as , but never exceeds .  Later it was proved in the works of Gerhard Ringel, J. W. T. Youngs, and other contributors that the complete graph with  vertices can be embedded in the surface  unless  is the Klein bottle. This established that Heawood's bound could not be improved.

For example, the complete graph on  vertices can be embedded in the torus as follows:

The case of the sphere is the four-color conjecture, which was settled by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken in 1976.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Ganga (2015 film)
Ganga is a 2015 Indian Kannada drama film written and directed by Sai Prakash, and produced by Ramu. The film stars Malashri in the lead role. The supporting cast features Srinivasa Murthy, Hema Chowdhary, Pavithra Lokesh, Rangayana Raghu, Suchendra Prasad, Sharath Lohitashwa. Malashri won her first Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in this movie.

Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress
The Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress is a film award of the Indian state of Karnataka given during the annual Karnataka State Film Awards. The award honours Kannada language film actresses. Aarathi, Jayanthi and Tara are tied with four wins each, the most by any recipient.
Cowart, Mississippi
Cowart is an unincorporated community located in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. Cowart is located on Mississippi Highway 32 approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Tippo and approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Charleston.

Charleston, Mississippi
Charleston is a city in north central Mississippi and one of the two county seats of Tallahatchie County, which is located on both sides of the Tallahatchie River. This city is located east of the river and, as of the 2020 census, had a population of 1,884.
Stuart Murray (golfer)
Stuart William Thomas Murray (10 November 1933 – 23 January 2023) was a Scottish professional golfer. He had success as an amateur, winning the Scottish Amateur in 1962 and playing in the 1963 Walker Cup. A change in the rules relating to amateur status pushed him into turning professional in late 1963. He won the Midland Professional Championship three times between 1964 and 1968 and also the Strong Country Tournament in 1965.

Men's Home Internationals (golf)
The Men's Home Internationals were an amateur team golf championship for men between the four Home Nations. Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland.The event was organised by The R&A. The inaugural event was held in 1932 and the venue cycled between the four nations. The winning team received the Raymond Trophy, presented by Raymond Oppenheimer, an ex-England and Walker Cup captain, in 1952. In 2022 the match was replaced by a combined Women's and Men's Home Internationals.
Adam Ostrzycki
Adam Ostrzycki also Adam Ustrzycki, Adam Jan Ustrzycki was a Polish szlachcic (nobleman), marshall of the confederation’s army from 1665 to 1666.

Adam Ostrzycki (Ustrzycki) was son of Dymitr Ustrzycki and Katarzyna Kopystyńska. He had four brothers and one sister. His nephews were Hieronim Ustrzycki, bishop of Przemyśl, and Bazyli Ustrzycki, łowczy (Master of the Hunt) of Wschowa. From July 1654 to September 1662 he served as member (towarzysz husarski) of Hussar baner (chorągiew husarska) of Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki, Great Crown Hetman.

According to Seweryn Uruski in 1678 his wife was Zofia Zamiechowska.

He was portrayed by Antoni Edward Odyniec in Jerzy Lubomirski, czyli wojna domowa w Polsce (1861).

Chorągiew
Chorągiew (Polish pronunciation: [xɔˈrɔŋɡʲɛf]; literally: "banner") was the basic administrative unit of the Polish and Lithuanian cavalry from the 14th century. An alternative name until the 17th century was rota.