hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weberbauerocereus
Weberbauerocereus is a genus of ceroid cactus, considered to be intermediate between the genera Trichocereus and Cleistocactus. The genus is named after Augusto Weberbauer because of his extensive research in the Peruvian Andes. The genus is native to Bolivia and Peru.

Ceroid cactus
The term ceroid cactus (or sometimes just cereus) is used to describe any of the species of cacti with very elongated bodies, including columnar growth cacti and epiphytic cacti.
The name is from the Latin cēreus, meaning "wax taper (a slender candle)", referring to the stiff, upright form of the columnar species. Some species of ceroid cacti were known as torch cactus or torch-thistle, supposedly due to their use as torches by Native Americans in the past.

The genus Cereus  was first genus for such cacti and one of the oldest cactus genera. Its circumscription varies depending on the authority.

According to Cactiguide, the word cereus was commonly and freely used to describe any tree-like cacti, although this general use of the word is regarded as misleading, and the word ceroid or ceriform is preferred.
1931 Italian Grand Prix
The 1931 Italian Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Monza on 24 May 1931. The race was the first of three Grands Prix that were part of the inaugural European Championship. The Alfa Romeo works team pairing of Giuseppe Campari and Tazio Nuvolari won the race, ahead of their teammates Ferdinando Minoia and Baconin Borzacchini in second, while third place went to the works Bugattis of Albert Divo and Guy Bouriat.

Ferdinando Minoia
Ferdinando "Nando" Minoia (2 June 1884 – 28 June 1940) was an Italian racing driver with an exceptionally long, distinguished and varied career.  In 1907, he won the Coppa Florio driving an Isotta Fraschini. In 1923, he drove the world’s first mid-engine Grand Prix car, the Benz Tropfenwagen. In 1927, he won the inaugural Mille Miglia driving an OM. Finally, in 1931 he became the first European Champion, driving for Alfa Romeo, but without winning a single event.
It's Christmas (Ledisi album)
It's Christmas is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Ledisi, and her first Christmas album. Released by Verve Forecast on September 23, 2008, the album features cover versions of popular Christmas songs in addition to original material. Ledisi worked with George Duke, Rex Rideout, and Luther "Mano" Hanes, with whom she wrote all of the original tracks, as well as producing Ledisi's interpretations of the covered material. "Give Love on Christmas Day" was released as a radio single from the album.

Critical response to the album's contemporary Christmas theme was positive. Some music critics complimented the "fiery gospel-soul" vocals and called the album a "more personal, more instinctual record."

George Duke
George Martin Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He is known for his 32 solo albums, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians like Stanley Clarke and (his cousin) Dianne Reeves, but particularly with composer, guitarist and bandleader Frank Zappa.
James Raine (footballer)
James Edmundson Raine (3 March 1886 – 4 September 1928) was an English sportsman. He played football as an amateur outside right for Glossop, Sunderland, Newcastle United and Sheffield United in the Football League. He also played rugby union for Percy Park and minor counties cricket for Northumberland.

Raine won 10 caps for England Amateurs between 1906 and 1910, scoring 9 goals. He was also part of the Great Britain squad at the 1908 Summer Olympics, but did not make an appearance.

England national amateur football team
The England national amateur football team was the amateur representative team for England at football. It was formed in 1901,: 5–6  due to the growth of the professional game which meant that amateur players could no longer easily find places in the main England national team.

It was the most successful team in the British Amateur Championship, winning on 16 occasions (5 joint). The England amateur team was disbanded by The Football Association in 1974.
Mizo People's Conference (Progressive)
Mizo People's Conference (Progressive) was a political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. MPC(P) was formed on 19 December 2003 as a split from the Mizoram People's Conference, one of the oldest parties in Mizoram which was formed in 1972. The party was led by a two time member of the Mizoram assembly F. Lalthanzuala. He was elected as an MLA of Mizoram People's Conference (MZPC_ party from Hnahthial Assembly constituency in 1998 and 2003.

On 16 April 2004 MPC (P) merged with Mizo National Front.

Mizo National Front
The Mizo National Front (abbr. MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Government of India towards the 1959 famine in the Mizo areas of the Assam state. It staged a major uprising in 1966, followed by years of underground activities. In 1986, it signed the Mizoram Accord with the Government of India, renouncing secession and violence. The MNF then began contesting elections and has formed state government in Mizoram three times. It is currently the state's opposition party, with its president, Zoramthanga, as the Former Chief Minister of Mizoram.
The Oaks (Frogmore, South Carolina)
The Oaks, also known as the Cooler House, is a historic plantation house located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina.  It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, vernacular frame I-House. Edward L. Pierce chose The Oaks as his headquarters during the military occupation of St. Helena during the American Civil War. The Oaks was the center for military and agricultural activities on the island. On June 18, 1862, Ellen Murray, who had ten days earlier arrived from Pennsylvania, opened the Penn School for Freedmen in a back room of the house. The house also served as a hotel for military personnel from Port Royal, superintendents, and teachers.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
George Hawkesworth Bond
George Hawkesworth Bond (1845–1891) was a British politician who was Member of Parliament for East Dorset from 1886 to 1891.

During a discussion of political slander in an 1895 debate of an amendment to the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883, Conservative MP Elliott Lees recounted how Bond had been dogged by a rumour that he had said that a red herring (a small preserved fish then associated with poverty) was a sufficient dinner for a working man. This created outrage among his constituents, some of whom protested by bringing the fish to meetings. Lees reported that, even eight years after Bond's death, when he expressed regret at the loss of Bond to another man, the man replied "Yes, but I do think that it was a pity he said that about a working man's dinner".

Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883
The Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 (46 & 47 Vict. c. 51) or the Corrupt Practices Act 1883 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was a continuation of policy to make voters free from the intimidation of landowners and politicians. It criminalised attempts to bribe voters and standardised the amount that could be spent on election expenses.
Lake Tissongo
Lake Tissongo is a lake of western Cameroon. It is situated within the Douala Edéa Wildlife Reserve of Littoral Province, and is connected to the south bank of the Sanaga River by a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) tidal channel. The lake drains into the river about 40 kilometres downstream of Edéa. The area is biologically rich. The villagers of five villages in the reserve in the area earn their livelihoods from hunting bushmeat, and a 1990 survey found some 50 firearms in the area around Lake Tissongo.

Sanaga River
The Sanaga River (formerly German: Zannaga) is the largest river in Cameroon  located in East Region, Centre Region and Littoral Region. Its length is about 603 km (375 mi) from the confluence of Djérem and Lom River. The total length of Sanaga-Djérem River system is about 1,067.5 km (663.3 mi). Djérem is the longest source of Sanaga River with a total length of 464.5 km.
Barnyard Blast: Swine of the Night
Barnyard Blast: Swine of the Night is a 2D shooting game on Nintendo DS developed by Thai studio Sanuk Games, and published by Bigben Interactive and Neko Entertainment in Europe, and DSI Games in America. It is a parodic tribute to famous old-school horror games from the 1980s such as Castlevania and Ghosts 'n Goblins.

Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/; from Latin tributum, "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes, a recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required.
Ruth Hurmence Green
Ruth Hurmence Green (January 12, 1915 – July 7, 1981) gained notability within the atheist community with the publication of her book The Born Again Skeptic's Guide to the Bible in 1979. This book has since been the best selling publication from the Freedom From Religion Foundation. She was also the author of many other essays which were published posthumously in The Book of Ruth in 1982.

She is most widely known for the phrase, "There was a time when religion ruled the world. It is known as the Dark Ages."

Freedom from Religion Foundation
The Freedom from Religion Foundation (FFRF) is an American nonprofit organization that advocates for atheists, agnostics, and nontheists.

Formed in 1976, FFRF promotes the separation of church and state, and challenges the legitimacy of federal and state government support for faith-based programs, such as chaplaincy services. It supports groups such as nonreligious students and clergy who want to leave their faith.
Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof
Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof (born Ludwik Zamenhof; 23 January 1925 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish-born French civil and marine engineer, specializing in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. He was a grandson of the Polish Jewish L. L. Zamenhof, the inventor of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. From the 1960s until his death, Zaleski-Zamenhof lived in France.

Structural steel
Structural steel is steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.

Structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, so can support a high load without excessive sagging.
Chavakachcheri Hospital
Chavakachcheri Hospital is a government hospital in Chavakachcheri, Sri Lanka. It is controlled by the provincial government in Jaffna. As of 2010 it had 111 beds. The hospital is sometimes called Chavakachcheri Base Hospital or Chavakachcheri District Hospital.

As well as general medical and surgical care the hospital provides a wide variety of healthcare services including diabetic, dentistry, obstetrics (ante-natal), oncology, ophthalmology, paediatrics, psychiatry and tuberculosis. The hospital also has an emergency department, an x-ray unit and a pathological laboratory.

In 2010 the hospital had 9,822 in-patient admissions, 125,003 out-patient visits and 20,352 clinic visits.

Chavakachcheri
Chavakachcheri (Tamil: சாவகச்சேரி, romanized: Cāvakaccēri; Sinhala: ජාවකච්චේරි, romanized: Jāvakachchēri) is a  town in the Jaffna Peninsula of Jaffna District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It may have Javanese origins, as the name "Chaavaka+cheari" literally means Javanese settlement (there are also some references to a Javanese fort in northern Sri Lanka). The town may date back to the Southeast Asian occupation of Yalpanam, where certain settlements and forts were established by Chandrabhanu to maintain hegemony over the overseas colony. The town is governed by an Urban Council. Chavakachcheri was badly devastated in the Sri Lankan Civil War. Today, the government and the people of Chavakachcheri have rebuilt the town, but the population remains drastically lower than the pre-war years.

The 111-year-old Chavakachcheri Hindu College, a high school, is a leading centre of education in the town.
Caos (Titãs song)
"Caos" ("chaos" in Portuguese) is a song and single by Brazilian rock band Titãs, released on 14 July 2022 via Midas Music and produced by Sérgio Fouad and Rick Bonadio, taken from the trio's seventeenth studio album Olho Furta-Cor.

The song was composed by Rita Lee, Roberto de Carvalho and their son Beto Lee, who's a session guitarist for the group. The track ended up being the last ever written by Rita Lee, who would later die in May 2023.

Sérgio Britto
Sérgio de Britto Álvares Affonso (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɛʁʒju ˈbɾitu]; born September 18, 1959), known as Sérgio Britto, is a Brazilian musician. He is a member of the rock band Titãs, for which he contributes lead vocals, keyboards and, more recently, bass guitar. He has also released three solo albums.
New York City (painting)
New York City is a 1942 oil-on-canvas painting by Piet Mondrian, completed in 1942.  It is on display in the Musée National d'Art Moderne at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, France.

An unfinished version of the work, titled New York City I, has strips of painted paper tape, which the artist could rearrange at will to experiment with different designs. It is exhibited at Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen in Düsseldorf, Germany.  In 2022, it was discovered that the artwork had been hanging upside down for years. To avoid damaging the painting, its orientation was not corrected.

Musée National d'Art Moderne
The Musée National d'Art Moderne (French pronunciation: [myze nɑsjɔnal daʁ mɔdɛʁn]; "National Museum of Modern Art") is the national museum for modern art of France. It is located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris and is housed in the Centre Pompidou. In 2021 it ranked 10th in the list of most visited art museums in the world, with 1,501,040 visitors. It is one of the largest museums for modern and contemporary art in the world.
SYT-510
SYT-510 is an endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor, or "selective endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor" ("SERI"), which is under development for the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and traumatic stress disorders. It is said to mildly and selectively increase levels of endocannabinoids like anandamide via inhibition of a newly identified biological target. As of January 2024, the drug is in the preclinical stage of development or is entering phase 1 clinical trials for the preceding indications. It is under development by a pharmaceutical company called Synendos Therapeutics.

Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Tiruverkadu Devi Karumariamman Temple
Tiruverkadu Devi Karumariamman Temple is a Hindu temple in Tiruverkadu, a suburb of Chennai, in Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department (HR&CE Department) is a department under the Government of Tamil Nadu, India, that handles the administration of temples in the state. Formed under the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act XXII of 1959, the department administers 46,331 properties, including 43,800 Hindu temples, 22 Jain temples, 45 mutts, 69 temples attached to mutts, 1,262 charitable endowments, and 1,133 special endowments.
Orange Polska
Orange Polska SA (formerly Telekomunikacja Polska) is a Polish telecommunications provider established in December 1991. It is a public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by Orange S.A., the latter controlling over 50% of this stake by 2002. It operates the following services: PSTN, ISDN, GSM 900/1800 network (+ 3G UMTS, 4G LTE and 5G NR), ADSL, IDSL, FTTH fibre Internet, Frame Relay, ATM and Inmarsat.

Inmarsat
Inmarsat is a British satellite telecommunications company, offering global mobile services. It provides telephone and data services to users worldwide, via portable or mobile terminals which communicate with ground stations through fifteen geostationary telecommunications satellites.

Inmarsat's network provides communications services to a range of governments, aid agencies, media outlets and businesses (especially in the shipping, airline and mining industries) with a need to communicate in remote regions or where there is no reliable terrestrial network. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Connect Bidco, a consortium consisting of Apax Partners, Warburg Pincus, the CPP Investment Board and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, in December 2019.

On 8 November 2021, Inmarsat's owners and Viasat announced the purchase of Inmarsat by Viasat. The acquisition was completed in May 2023.
Bryn Williams-Jones
Bryn Williams-Jones (born 1972) is a Canadian bioethicist, professor and director of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine at the School of Public Health, Université de Montréal. He is co-founder and editor-in-chief of the Canadian Journal of Bioethics/Revue canadienne de bioéthique, the first open access bilingual bioethics journal in Canada (formerly called BioéthiqueOnline, 2012–17), and co-director of the Ethics branch of the International Observatory on the Social Impact of AI and Digital Technology (OBVIA). Williams-Jones is a member of the Centre for Research in Public Health (CReSP), the Centre for Ethics Research (CRÉ), the Institute for Applied Ethics (IDÉA) of the Université Laval, and fellow of The Hastings Center.

Hastings Center for Bioethics
The Hastings Center for Bioethics is an independent, nonpartisan bioethics research institute in Garrison, New York.

Its mission is to address ethical issues in health care, science, and technology. Through its projects and publications and its public engagement, the Center aims to influence the ideas of health policy-makers, regulators, health care professionals, lawyers, journalists, educators, and students.

The Center is funded by grants and private donations. It was known as The Hastings Center before 2025.
The Death of Kevin Carter: Casualty of the Bang Bang Club
The Death of Kevin Carter: Casualty of the Bang Bang Club, also known as The Life of Kevin Carter, is a 2004 American documentary short film about the suicide of South African photojournalist Kevin Carter. The film is produced and directed by Dan Krauss as a master's project at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Yury Kozin
Yury Yevgenyevich Kozin (Russian: Юрий Евгеньевич Козин; born 20 September 1948) is a retired Soviet heavyweight weightlifter who won a Soviet and a world title in 1971 and set six ratified world records in 1970–72: five in the press and one in the clean and jerk.

Kozin graduated from the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, and after retiring from competitions worked as a weightlifting coach. He prepared Valery Yurov to the 1990 World Championships.

Overhead press
The overhead press, also known as the shoulder press, strict press or military press, is an upper-body weight training exercise in which the trainee presses a weight overhead while seated or standing. It is mainly used to develop the anterior deltoid muscles of the shoulder.

The lift is set up by taking either a barbell, a pair of dumbbells or kettlebells, and holding them at shoulder level. The weight is then pressed overhead. While the exercise can be performed standing or seated, standing recruits more muscles as more balancing is required in order to support the lift. Other variations of the exercise include the push press, a similar movement that involves an additional dipping motion in the legs to increase momentum. An overhead press may also be performed unilaterally, with the lift being performed one handed; or in an alternating fashion with both hands holding a dumbbell or kettlebell, and then pressing with one arm and then the other.
Ether, North Carolina
35°26′23″N 79°47′02″W﻿ / ﻿35.43972°N 79.78389°W﻿ / 35.43972; -79.78389

Ether is an unincorporated community in the northeastern part of Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States.  The ZIP Code for Ether is 27247. The building pictured is the Ether Roller mill, which tax records indicate was built in 1800. It has also been used as a local spooky attraction. The building has lost integrity since 2017 when it was left to the elements.

A post office called Ether has been in operation since 1888. The community was named for ether, a drug once prescribed by a local physician.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.