hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Momus (musician)
Nicholas John Currie (born 11 February 1960), more popularly known under the artist name Momus (after the Greek god of mockery), is a Scottish musician and writer.

For over forty years he has been releasing albums on labels in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan. In his lyrics and his other writing he makes use of continental philosophy, and has built up a personal world he says is "dominated by values like diversity, orientalism, and a respect for otherness".

Momus
Momus (/ˈmoʊməs/; Ancient Greek: Μῶμος Momos) in Greek mythology was the personification of satire and mockery, two stories about whom figure among Aesop's Fables. During the Renaissance, several literary works used him as a mouthpiece for their criticism of tyranny, while others later made him a critic of contemporary society. Onstage he finally became the figure of harmless fun. Today, celebrations of Momus survive in the Momoeria New Year's festivals of Northern Greece.
Max Ellis (cricketer)
Max Ellis (born 29 September 1991) is a cricketer who plays for Guernsey. Known for this slow left-arm orthodox bowling, he has also represented Guernsey at the Under-15, Under-17 and Under-19 levels.

He played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament. In May 2015 he participated in the 2015 ICC Europe Division One tournament.

He played in the 2016 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament, taking 10 wickets in six matches.

2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Five
The 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Five was a cricket tournament that took place from 6–13 March 2014. It formed part of the ICC World Cricket League and qualification for the 2019 Cricket World Cup.
Thank You, Jeeves
Thank You, Jeeves is a Jeeves comic novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 16 March 1934 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 23 April 1934 by Little, Brown and Company, New York.

The story had previously been serialised, in the Strand Magazine in the UK from August 1933 to February 1934, and in the US in Cosmopolitan Magazine from January to June 1934.

Thank You, Jeeves is the first full-length novel in the series of stories following narrator Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves, though Jeeves leaves Bertie's employment for most of this story. The novel largely takes place around Chuffnell Hall, the home of Bertie's friend Lord "Chuffy" Chuffnell, who hopes to sell the house to the wealthy J. Washburn Stoker and is in love with Stoker's daughter Pauline.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
Deferred measurement principle
The deferred measurement principle is a result in quantum computing which states that delaying measurements until the end of a quantum computation doesn't affect the probability distribution of outcomes.

A consequence of the deferred measurement principle is that measuring commutes with conditioning.
The choice of whether to measure a qubit before, after, or during an operation conditioned on that qubit will have no observable effect on a circuit's final expected results.

Thanks to the deferred measurement principle, measurements in a quantum circuit can often be shifted around so they happen at better times.
For example, measuring qubits as early as possible can reduce the maximum number of simultaneously stored qubits; potentially enabling an algorithm to be run on a smaller quantum computer or to be simulated more efficiently.
Alternatively, deferring all measurements until the end of circuits allows them to be analyzed using only pure states.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Temnić inscription
The Temnić inscription (Serbian: Темнићки натпис, romanized: Temnićki natpis) is one of the oldest records of medieval Serbian redaction of the Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic script from the territory of modern Serbia, dated to the late 10th, or early 11th century. It contains the form of accusative singular noun God (бога instead of богь), characteristic of Serbian recension of the Old Church Slavonic language. The limestone plate was discovered in the vicinity of a school in the village of Gornji Katun, near Varvarin, in the region of Temnić in Pomoravlje. It was acquired by the National Museum of Serbia in 1909. The tablet represents a scientific conundrum as no other remains of an edifice were found and paleographic and linguistic analysis of the text reveals little information.

National Museum of Serbia
The National Museum of Serbia (Serbian: Народни музеј Србије / Narodni muzej Srbije) is the largest and oldest museum in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the central zone of Belgrade on a square plot between the Republic Square, formerly Theatre Square, and three streets: Čika Ljubina, Vasina and Laze Pačua. Its main facade is on the Republic Square and the official address is 1a Republic Square.

The museum was established on 10 May 1844. It moved into the present building in 1950, with the grand opening of the venue on 23 May 1952. Since its founding, the museum's collection has grown to over 400,000 objects, including many foreign masterpieces.

The National Museum of Serbia  building was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979.
The Messenger (painting)
The Messenger (Dutch - De boodschapper ('t kan verkeren)) is a 1674 oil painting by Johannes Verkolje which is in the collection of the Mauritshuis, in The Hague.

The picture depicts a messenger delivering a letter to an officer and his female companion who are playing backgammon.

It was owned by Anna Louisa Agatha van Loon-van Winter in Amsterdam until 1877. Its next owners were Alfred de Rothschild and then Victor de Rothschild. It was bought at auction in Amsterdam on 19 April 1937 by Fritz Mannheimer. In 1941 it was sold through the Dienststelle Mühlmann of the Hague to Arthur Seyss-Inquart. In 1946 it was transferred to the Stichting Nederlands Kunstbezit in the Hague and two years later it was loaned to the Mauritshuis. In 1949 it was transferred to the Dienst voor 's Rijks Verspreide Kunstvoorwerpen in the Hague and finally in 1960 it was permanently transferred to the Mauritshuis.

Alfred de Rothschild
Alfred Charles Freiherr de Rothschild, CVO (20 July 1842 – 31 January 1918), was an English banker and art collector who was director of the Bank of England from 1868–89. A member of the Rothschild family, he was the second son of Lionel Freiherr de Rothschild and Charlotte Freifrau von Rothschild.
Gel Cayuna
Maria Angelica "Gel" Cayuna (born August 17, 1998) is a Filipino volleyball player who serves as team captain for the Cignal Super Spikers of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL).

Cayuna played for the FEU Lady Tamaraws collegiate women's University team.

FEU Tamaraws and Lady Tamaraws
The FEU Tamaraws and Lady Tamaraws are the varsity teams of Far Eastern University in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). The university's high school varsity teams are called the Baby Tamaraws.
Gibbet Hill, Hindhead
Gibbet Hill, at Hindhead, Surrey, England, is the apex of the scarp surrounding the Devil's Punch Bowl, not far from the A3 London to Portsmouth road. The road used to follow the lower contours of the hill, but it has been diverted through the Hindhead Tunnel and the earlier route returned to nature.

Thursley
Thursley is a village and civil parish in southwest Surrey, west of the A3 between Milford and Hindhead. An associated hamlet is Bowlhead Green. To the east is Brook. In the south of the parish rises the Greensand Ridge, in this section reaching its escarpment near Punch Bowl Farm and the Devil's Punch Bowl, Hindhead.
Sind bat
The Sind bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus) is a species of vesper bat and the only member of the genus Rhyneptesicus. It inhabits forests and arid areas near waterbodies in southwestern Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Oman, around the coast of the Gulf of Oman in southern Iraq and Iran. Isolated populations in southern Pakistan and northwestern Afghanistan occur up to an elevation of 862 m (2,828 ft). Its presence in Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates is uncertain.

Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (Arabic: خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān; Persian: دریای عمان daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran (Arabic: خلیج مکران khalīj makrān; Persian: دریای مکران daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.
Iftikhar Malik
Iftikhar Malik (born 10 November 1949) was a Pakistani cricketer who played for the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) team. He was born in Lahore.

Malik made two first-class appearance for the team, in 1978 and 1979. In the four innings in which he batted, he scored 40 runs, and, from 100 overs of bowling, took 8 wickets.

He was also a cricket umpire. He stood in one ODI game in 1993.

Malik's brother, Ijaz, played first-class cricket between 1960 and 1979.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Yaxley (surname)
Yaxley is an English toponymic surname, which along with dialectal variants, Yexley, Yoakley, Yockley, and Yokley, may derive from any of the English places that bore this name, including Yaxley, Cambridgeshire (formerly Huntingdonshire) and Yaxley, Suffolk. "Yacksley" is a variant form.

Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Yaxley (died 1565), English politician and conspirator

Greta Yaxley (born 2000), television cook

John Yaxley (died c. 1625), English lawyer and MP

John Francis Yaxley (born 1936), civil servant in the UK Colonial Office

Peter Yaxley (1928–2015), New Zealand rugby league player and referee

Richard Yaxley (1560–1589), Catholic martyr

Robert Yaxley (1912–1943), Royal Air Force pilot and commander during the Second World War

Sandra Yaxley (born 1968), Australian swimmer with cerebral palsy, won gold in 1988 and 1992 Summer Paralympics

Stephen Yaxley-Lennon (born 1982), better known as Tommy Robinson, British far-right political activist

Sandra Yaxley
Sandra Yaxley, OAM is a cerebral palsy Australian Paralympic swimmer.  At the 1988 Seoul Games, she won a gold medal in the Women's 100 m Freestyle C6 and a silver medal in the Women's 50 m Backstroke C6.  At the 1992 Barcelona Games, she won a gold medal in the Women's 4x50 m Freestyle S1–6 event and a bronze medal in the Women's 100 m Freestyle S6 event. She retired from swimming after the 1992 Paralympics but took up coaching disabled and able-bodied swimmers. She was coached by Wayne De Lacy.

Yaxley was originally from Tasmania and moved to Perth, Western Australia at an early age. She began swimming when she was four as a form of rehabilitation.  She attended Swanbourne Senior High School. In 2000, she was awarded the Australian Sports Medal and in 2013 inducted into Swimming Western Australia Hall of Fame at the age of 44.

Yaxley's motto is "Let me try and, if I can't do it, I'll know, but if I can do it, then watch out world."
Joel Rosenbaum
Joel Rosenbaum (born October 4, 1933) is a professor of cell biology at Yale University.

Rosenbaum received his bachelor's degree from Syracuse University in 1955, and later his M.Sc. Ed. from St. Lawrence University in 1957. He returned later to Syracuse for his master's degree in 1959 and Ph.D. in 1963.

His lab at Yale studies cilia and flagella, small tail-like organelles, using the model species Chlamydomonas, a single-cell alga. The lab is best known for its discovery of intraflagellar transport, a vital molecular process now linked to many human diseases, in 1993. Rosenbaum has continued to pursue intraflagellar transport as his main research interest.

Rosenbaum received the E.B. Wilson Medal from the ASCB in 2006, the highest award given in the field of cell biology.

E.B. Wilson Medal
The E.B. Wilson Medal is the American Society for Cell Biology's highest honor for science and is presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for significant and far-reaching contributions to cell biology over the course of a career.  It is named after Edmund Beecher Wilson.
Udmurtia constituency
The Udmurtia constituency (No.33) is a Russian legislative constituency in Udmurtia. The constituency covers north-western Izhevsk and northern Udmurtia.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Andrey Isayev, a six-term State Duma member and former Deputy Chairman of the Duma, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Aleksey Zagrebin.

Yarsky District
Yarsky District (Russian: Я́рский райо́н; Udmurt: Яр ёрос, Jar joros) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is 1,524.3 square kilometers (588.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Yar. Population: 15,286 (2010 Census); 18,880 (2002 Census); 20,595 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yar accounts for 43.2% of the district's total population.
Dalhousie, Calgary
Dalhousie is a neighbourhood in the northwest area of Calgary. It is bounded to the north by John Laurie Boulevard, to the east by Shaganappi Trail, to the south by Crowchild Trail and to the west by Sarcee Trail.

Dalhousie was established in 1967 and was named for George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 7 councillor.

The community is served by the Dalhousie station of the C-Train LRT system.

Calgary City Council
The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. The council consists of 15 members: the chief elected official, titled the mayor, and 14 councillors. Jeromy Farkas was elected mayor in October 2025 as the city's 38th. The mayor represents the interests of the city as a whole. Each of the 14 councillors represents one of the city's 14 wards.
Lyle Lin
Lyle Lin Chia-cheng (Chinese: 林家正; Wade–Giles: Lin2 Chia1-cheng4; born 26 June 1997) is a Taiwanese professional baseball catcher for the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became the first Taiwanese-born player to be drafted by a Major League Baseball (MLB) team in 2016 and the first to join an MLB team through the draft in 2019.

Born in Taipei County (now New Taipei), Taiwan, Lin moved to California to attend high school. He was recruited to play baseball at Arizona State University (ASU) before being drafted by and signing with the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Amarillo Sod Poodles
The Amarillo Sod Poodles, nicknamed the Soddies, are a Minor League Baseball team of the Texas League and the Double-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks. They are located in Amarillo, Texas, and play their home games at Hodgetown in downtown Amarillo.
Philip Davies (priest)
The Ven.  Philip Bertram Davies  (13 July 1933 – 1 February 2005) was the Archdeacon of St Albans in the Church of England from 1987 until 1998.

Davies was born into an ecclesiastical family    and was educated at Lancing College. After an earlier career as a tea planter, he entered Ripon College Cuddesdon to study for the priesthood. He was ordained in 1964 and began his career with a curacy at St John the Baptist, Atherton. He was Vicar at St Mary Magdalene, Eccles from 1966 to 1971; and Rector of  St Philip with St Stephen, Salford from then until 1976. After this, he was vicar of Christchurch, Radlett and Rural Dean of Aldenham before his years as an Archdeacon.

Rural dean
In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery); "ruridecanal" is the corresponding adjective.

The adjective rural does not mean the role is restricted to the countryside, but distinguishes them from the deans of cathedral chapters, which were historically in cities. In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.
Victorian Railways C class
The C class is a mainline goods locomotive of the 2-8-0 'Consolidation' type that ran on the Victorian Railways between 1918 and 1962. Although its original design had some key shortcomings, a number of improvements were made over the class' long career on the VR, many of which were subsequently applied to other locomotive classes on the system.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
Adversarial machine learning
Adversarial machine learning is the study of the attacks on machine learning algorithms, and of the defenses against such attacks.

Machine learning techniques are mostly designed to work on specific problem sets, under the assumption that the training and test data are generated from the same statistical distribution (IID). However, this assumption is often dangerously violated in practical high-stake applications, where users may intentionally supply fabricated data that violates the statistical assumption.

Most common attacks in adversarial machine learning include evasion attacks, data poisoning attacks, Byzantine attacks and model extraction.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
Salt Sermon
The salt sermon was an oration delivered on 17 June 1838 by Sidney Rigdon, then First Counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and frequent spokesman for Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, against church dissenters, including Book of Mormon witnesses Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and John Whitmer, and other leaders including W. W. Phelps. The Salt Sermon is often confused with Rigdon's July 4th oration.

Dissenter
A dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, 'to disagree') is one who dissents (disagrees) in matters of opinion, belief, etc. Dissent may include political opposition to decrees, ideas or doctrines and it may include opposition to those things or the fiat of a government, political party or religion.
Graphis dispersa
Graphis dispersa is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Kamorta Island. The species epithet, derived from the Latin dispersus ("scattered") refers to the scattered lirellae.

Script lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek for "writing". An example is Halegrapha mucronata.
Stavilac
Stavilac (Serbian Cyrillic: ставилац, literally meaning "placer") was a court title in Medieval Bosnia and Medieval Serbia in the Middle Ages. It was similar to the Byzantine court offices of domestikos and cup-bearer (pinkernes, known in Serbian as peharnik). It had a role in the ceremony at the royal table, though the holder could be entrusted with jobs that had nothing to do with court rituals. According to studies of Rade Mihaljčić, the holder was in charge of acquiring, preparing and serving food at the royal table. It was a confidant duty, given to the highest and most notable nobility, which the ruler relied on in all occasions.

Domestikos
Domestikos (/doʊˈmɛstɪˌkɒs/; Greek: δομέστικος, from the Latin: domesticus, lit. 'of the household'), in English sometimes [the] Domestic, was a civil, ecclesiastic and military office in the Late Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
Agrotis malefida
Agrotis malefida, the rascal dart or palesided cutworm, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. Its range extends from North Carolina and Kentucky south to Florida, west to Arizona, and north to southern Kansas. It is also found in the Neotropics, from Mexico to Argentina and Chile.

The wingspan of Agrotis malefida is 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in), with forewings is 18–23 mm (0.71–0.91 in). Adults emerge in late January in the northern part of its range, while in the southern regions, they fly throughout the year.

The larvae feed on a variety of broad-leaved herbaceous plants, including Brassica oleracea, Trifolium, Fabaceae, Allium, Pisum sativum, Capsicum, Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana, Solanum lycopersicum as well as various weeds. This moth is considered a pest on crops like Zea mays and Gossypium.

Nicotiana
Nicotiana (/ˌnɪkoʊʃiˈeɪnə, nɪˌkoʊ-, -kɒti-, -ˈɑːnə, -ˈænə/) is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family Solanaceae that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various Nicotiana species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. N. tabacum is grown worldwide for the cultivation of tobacco leaves that are used for manufacturing and producing tobacco products, including cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, snuff, snus, etc.