hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Insar, Insarsky District, Republic of Mordovia
Insar (Russian: Инса́р; Moksha: Инзара, Inzara; Erzya: Инсар ош, Insar oš) is a town and the administrative center of Insarsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, located at the confluence of the Issa and Insarka Rivers, 77 kilometers (48 mi) southwest of Saransk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 8,687.

Mordovia
Mordovia (/mɔːrˈdoʊvɪə/ mor-DOH-vee-ə), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians (53.1%) and Mordvins (39.8%) account for the majority of the population.
Phil Hadland
Philip Jonathan Hadland (born 20 October 1980) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a winger and current manager, who was last in charge of Colwyn Bay. He played for a variety of Football League clubs including Reading, where he began his career and made his debut at the age of 17 against Barnsley at the Madejski Stadium in the League Cup. He then joined Rochdale, where he made 32 appearances (his highest total for a league club), Leyton Orient, Carlisle, Brighton, Darlington and Colchester. Phil is now a football teacher at Co-op Ccademy Failsworth.

Colwyn Bay F.C.
Colwyn Bay Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-Droed Bae Colwyn) is a football club based in Old Colwyn in North Wales. They are currently members of the Cymru Premier. Nicknamed the Seagulls, but also known as 'The Bay', their home ground is Llanelian Road in Old Colwyn.
Amadou Kassaraté
Amadou Kassaraté (born 14 January 1996) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Isthmian League Premier Division club Folkestone Invicta. He is also eligible to play for the Senegal national football team, on account of his parents' birth in Senegal.

Welling United F.C.
Welling United Football Club is a semi-professional association football club, based in Welling in the London Borough of Bexley, England. The most prominent aspect of the club is its men's first team, who play in the Isthmian League Premier Division, the seventh level of the English football league system.
Buy (inhabited locality)
Buy (Russian: Буй) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Buy, Kostroma Oblast, a town in Kostroma Oblast

Rural localities

Buy, Republic of Buryatia, a selo in Uzkolugsky Selsoviet of Bichursky District of the Republic of Buryatia

Buy, Tver Oblast, a village in Toropetsky District of Tver Oblast

Buy, Kostroma Oblast
Buy (BOO-ee; Russian: Буй) is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, which stands on the Kostroma River. Population: 20,564 (2021 census); 25,763 (2010 census); 27,392 (2002 census); 32,701 (1989 Soviet census).
John Wilkinson (Canadian politician)
John Wilkinson is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, from 2003 to 2011 representing the predominantly rural ridings of Perth—Middlesex and Perth—Wellington for the Liberal Party. He served in cabinet as Minister of Research and Innovation, Revenue and Environment. He was defeated in the 2011 election by Conservative Randy Pettapiece.

Perth—Middlesex
Perth—Middlesex was an electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2003 and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2007.

This riding was created in 1996 from parts of Lambton—Middlesex, London—Middlesex and Perth—Wellington—Waterloo ridings. It consisted of:

the County of Perth (including the City of Stratford and the Town of St Mary's) and
the northeast part of the County of Middlesex (consisting of the Townships of McGillivray, East Williams, Lobo, Biddulph and West Nissouri).

The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed between Elgin—Middlesex—London, Middlesex—Kent—Lambton and Perth Wellington ridings.
Plumpton railway station (Cumbria)
Plumpton railway station in Hesket parish in what is now Cumbria but was then Cumberland in the north west of England, was situated on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway (the West Coast Main Line) between Carlisle and Penrith. It served the village of Plumpton and the surrounding hamlets. The station opened on 17 December 1846, and closed on 31 May 1948.

Hesket, Cumbria
Hesket (also Hesket-in-the-Forest) is a large civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness unitary district of Cumbria, England, on the main A6 between Carlisle and Penrith. Hesket is part of the historic royal hunting ground of Inglewood Forest. Settlement in the parish dates back to the Roman occupation.
Theodosia, Kilkis
Theodosia (Greek: Θεοδόσια) is a mountain village of Kilkis in Central Macedonia in altitude 680 meters, located on the slopes of Mount Mavrovouni (part of Kroussia Mountains ), located 28.5 km . D. of the city of Kilkis and 49.5 km NW-NE. of Thessaloniki . The old name of the village, from the time of Ottoman rule, was Hatzi Bairamli or Hatzimbairamli and it is mentioned in 1918 in the Government Gazette 152A-09/07/1918 that the seat of the homonymous community that belonged to the prefecture of Thessaloniki was defined . It was renamed Theodosia in 1927 and in 1935 was detached to the prefecture of Kilkis. According to the Kallikratis plan of 2010, it is the local community of Theodosia that belongs to the municipal unit of Kroussa of the municipality of Kilkis. According to the 2021 census the community has a population of 147 permanent residents.

Kilkis (regional unit)
Kilkis (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Κιλκίς) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Kilkis.
Stephen Herbert (historian)
Stephen Herbert (1951–2023) was a British visual media historian, author, editor, publisher and projectionist. He was head of technical services at the BFI Southbank and the Museum of the Moving Image.

Museum of the Moving Image, London
The Museum of the Moving Image (MOMI) was a museum of the history of cinema technology and media sited below Waterloo Bridge in London. It was opened on 15 September 1988 by Prince Charles and at the time, was the world's largest museum devoted entirely to cinema and television.

The museum formed part of the cultural complex on the South Bank of the River Thames. MOMI was mainly funded by private subscription and operated by the British Film Institute. MOMI was closed in 1999, initially on a supposedly temporary basis, and with the intention of its being relocated to Jubilee Gardens nearby. Its permanent closure was announced in 2002.
Amelanism
Amelanism (also known as amelanosis) is a pigmentation abnormality characterized by the lack of pigments called melanins, commonly associated with a genetic loss of tyrosinase function. Amelanism can affect fish, amphibians, reptiles ,(including birds) and mammals including humans.  The appearance of an amelanistic animal depends on the remaining non-melanin pigments.  The opposite of amelanism is melanism, a higher percentage of melanin.

A similar condition, albinism, is a hereditary condition characterised in animals by the absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, feathers or cuticle. This results in an all white animal, usually with pink or red eyes.

Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Dr. Seuss' Fix-Up the Mix-Up Puzzler
Dr. Seuss' Fix-Up the Mix-Up Puzzler is a sliding puzzle video game developed by Coleco. It was first released for the ColecoVision in 1984 and was later ported to several home computers including Apple, Atari, and Commodore. The game features six Dr. Seuss characters: the Cat in the Hat, the Grinch, a Star-Bellied Sneetch, the Doorman, and the Woset and Clark. Designed for children ages 4–10, the objective of the game is to reassemble scrambled pictures, each of which is composed of three characters.

Coleco
Coleco Industries, Inc. (/kəˈliːkoʊ/ kə-LEE-koh) was an American company founded in 1932 by Maurice Greenberg as The Connecticut Leather Company. The name "COLECO" is an abbreviation derived from the company's original name. It was a successful toy company in the 1980s, mass-producing versions of Cabbage Patch Kids dolls and its video game consoles, the Coleco Telstar dedicated consoles and ColecoVision. While the company ceased operations in 1988 as a result of bankruptcy, the Coleco brand was revived in 2005, and remains active to this day.
Far Eastern University Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management
The Far Eastern University – Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management, or simply ITHM, is the academic institute offering culinary and hospitality programs of the Far Eastern University. Established in 2011, ITHM teaches theory and practice in hospitality and tourism management aligned with international standards.

The Institute's Tourism and Hotel and Restaurant Management programs are accredited Level III by the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities on Accreditation (PACUCOA). ITHM is also a member of the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) and an associate of the International Centre for Excellence in Tourism and Hospitality Education (THE-ICE).

Cooking school
A cooking school is an institution devoted to education in the art and science of cooking and food preparation. There are many different types of cooking schools around the world, some devoted to training professional chefs, others aimed at amateur enthusiasts, with some being a mixture of the two. Amateur cooking schools are often intertwined with culinary tourism in many countries. Programs can vary from half a day to several years. Some programs lead to an academic degree or a recognized vocational qualification, while others do not. Many programs include practical experience in the kitchen of a restaurant attached to the school or a period of work experience in a privately owned restaurant.
Higouménakis' sign
Higouménakis' sign is a unilateral enlargement of the sternoclavicular portion of the right clavicle, seen in congenital syphilis.

The sign was named for George Higoumenakis, who first described it in 1927 in the Greek periodical Proceedings of the Medical Society of Athens (Πρακτικά Ιατρικής Εταιρείας Αθηνών). He subsequently published the description of the sign in a German article, making it more known among dermatologists.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Bluestem grass
Bluestem can refer to various grasses:

Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and other species of the genus Andropogon

Species in the genus Dichanthium

Cane bluestem and Caucasian bluestem of the genus Bothriochloa

Bothriochloa
Bothriochloa is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem. Some species are invasive in areas where they have been introduced.

The etymology of the genus name Bothriochloa derives from the two ancient Greek words βοθρίον (bothríon), meaning "small pit or trench", and χλόη or χλόα (khlóa), meaning "new green shoot or blade of grass".

Recently, some specimens of Bothriochloa were collected from Gooty Fort Hill, Andhra Pradesh, India and identified as Bothriochloa ewartiana (Domin) C. E. Hubb. based on literature study and international correspondence with experts from Australia, Indonesia and Americas. It formed an extended and disjunct distribution of a Far Eastern species in Asia from India.
Rosemary Bailey (author)
Rosemary Bailey (1953 – 20 March 2019) was a British writer. She writes travel memoirs about France. In 2008 Bailey won the British Guild of Travel Writers' award for best narrative travel book, Love and War in the Pyrenees.

Transworld (publisher)
Transworld is a British publishing house in Ealing, London that is a division of Penguin Random House, one of the world's largest mass media groups. It was established in 1950 as the British division of American company Bantam Books. It publishes fiction and nonfiction titles by various best-selling authors including Val Wood under several different imprints. Hardbacks are published under the Doubleday imprint, whereas paperbacks are published under the Black Swan or Corgi imprint. The Bantam Press imprint publishes both Hardbacks and Prestige softcovers.
AJ George
Adriel Jared George (born 6 December 1996) is an Antiguan footballer who plays for Combined Counties League Premier Division North side North Leigh and Antigua and Barbuda, where he plays as a midfielder.

Northamptonshire Senior Cup
The NFA Hillier Senior Cup is a football knockout tournament involving teams from Northamptonshire, England and the surrounding area. It is a County Cup competition of the Northamptonshire Football Association and involves senior non-league teams. It has been contested annually since 1883. Kettering Town have won the cup the most times, lifting the trophy on 31 occasions. The current champions are Northampton Town under 21s, who beat Corby Town in the 2025 final.
Norwegian Biathlon Championships 1990
The 32nd Norwegian Biathlon Championships were held in Myrkdalen, Voss Municipality, Hordaland, Norway from 1 March to 4 March 1990 at the stadium Årmotslia skisenter, arranged by Voss SSL. There were 6 scheduled competitions: individual, sprint, and relay races for men and women. The team races for men and women, arranged by Dombås IL, were held concurrently with the final races of the Norwegian Biathlon Cup (Norgescupen) in Dombås, Oppland on 25 March, at the stadium Dombås skiskytterstadion.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
Philip Holzman
Philip Holzman (1922–2004) was the Esther and Sidney R. Rabb Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University and one of the world’s preeminent scientists in schizophrenia research. His landmark studies of oculomotor function documented the presence of abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in individuals with schizophrenia (Holzman, Proctor and Hughes, 1973) and their clinically unaffected biological relatives (Holzman et al., 1974). He was one of the first to investigate the genetic basis of schizophrenia. Another key contribution to the study of schizophrenia was his work on language and thought disorder in individuals with schizophrenia (Holzman, Shenton and Solovay, 1986). He also discovered the presence of an active short-term memory deficit (known as working memory) in people with schizophrenia and their biological relatives (Park and Holzman, 1991; Park, Holzman and Goldman-Rakic, 1995).

McLean Hospital
McLean Hospital (/məkˈleɪn/) (formerly known as Somerville Asylum and Charlestown Asylum) is a psychiatric hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. McLean maintains the world's largest neuroscientific and psychiatric research program in a private hospital. It is the largest psychiatric facility of Harvard Medical School, an affiliate of Massachusetts General Hospital, and part of Mass General Brigham, which also includes Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Ortholexis hollandi
Ortholexis hollandi, commonly known as Holland's scarce sprite, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. The habitat consists of wetter forests.

The larvae feed on Strophanthus sarmentosus.

Strophanthus sarmentosus
Strophanthus sarmentosus grows as either a deciduous shrub or as a liana up to 40 metres (130 ft) long, with a stem diameter up to 15 centimetres (6 in). Its fragrant flowers feature a white to purple corolla, red or purple-streaked on the inside. Strophanthus sarmentosus is native from west and central tropical Africa to Uganda and Angola. Vernacular names for the plant include spider tresses and poison arrow vine. Its habitat is forested areas from sea level to 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) altitude.

The numerous local medicinal uses of S. sarmentosus include treatment of joint pain, head lice, eye conditions and venereal disease. The plant has also been used as arrow poison. Botanist John Baldwin discovered that Strophanthus sarmentosus was a natural source of the steroid hormone cortisone and was used in the early manufacture of cortisone-based drugs.
Reiter In
Reiter In is the thirteenth album by singer-songwriter and guitarist, Chris Whitley. It is his eleventh studio album and the last he made before his death (five months later, at 45) in November 2005.

The album was recorded as a band effort and is billed as "Chris Whitley & The Bastard Club" and released posthumously in 2006.

Kenny Siegal (of Johnny Society) produced, co-wrote, and played on the album. It was recorded all analog and live on a two-inch tape Sony MCI JH24 tape deck through a Trident board at Old Soul Studios in Catskill, New York. It was mixed by John Holbrook.

Whitley had returned to New York in the spring of 2005, because he was offered a US club tour, which he accepted even though his health was declining. While in NYC he faced eviction from his apartment while he made the record.

Catskill (town), New York
Catskill is a town in the southeastern section of Greene County, New York, United States, and is the county seat of Greene County. The population was 11,298 at the 2020 census, the largest town in the county. The western part of the town is in the Catskill Park. The town contains a village, also called Catskill. The village of Catskill has a well-defined Main Street. There is a public boat launch on the Hudson River called Dutchman's Landing.
Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001
The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act is an Act of Parliament passed in New Zealand in 2001.

The Act authorised the amalgamation of New Zealand's two largest dairy co-operatives - New Zealand Co-operative Dairy Company Ltd and Kiwi Co-operative Dairies Ltd - into Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited and the resulting ownership by Fonterra of all the shares in the New Zealand Dairy Board.

In order to prevent the monopoly position of Fonterra from being anticompetitive the Act requires an open entry and exit of farmers into and out of the co-operative, and up to 600 million litres of raw milk made available to competitors. These are used in conjunction with the Commerce Act 1986.

The Act is administered by the Ministry for Primary Industries.

Ministry for Primary Industries
The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI; Māori: Manatū Ahu Matua) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with overseeing, managing and regulating the farming, fishing, food, animal welfare, biosecurity, and forestry sectors of New Zealand's primary industries.
UOW College Hong Kong
UOW College Hong Kong (UOWCHK) is a private college in Tai Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is part of the global network of the University of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia.

The college was established as the Community College of City University in 2004. The college was renamed the UOW College Hong Kong in 2020. The medium of instruction is mainly English with some courses supplemented by Cantonese.

Medium of instruction
A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual education or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing education in a child's mother tongue is indeed a critical issue". In post-secondary, university and special education settings, content may often be taught in a language that is not spoken in the students' homes. This is referred to as content based learning or content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In situations where the medium of instruction of academic disciplines is English when it is not the students' first language, the phenomenon is referred to as English-medium instruction (EMI).
Shekhawati language
Shekhawati is an Indo-Aryan language of north-eastern Rajasthan, India. It belongs to the Rajasthani languages group and is spoken by an estimated three million people in the Shekhawati region, which comprises the  Jhunjhunu, Neem-Ka-Thana and Sikar districts according to Census 1931 provided by Government of India.

A descriptive grammar of Shekhawati was published in 2001. The word order of the language is typically SOV, and the phonology is characterised by the presence of implosive consonants and a distinct high tone.

Neem Ka Thana
Neem Ka Thana is a city in Sikar district located 73 km from Sikar City in the Shekhawati region in the Rajasthan state of India. Sikar, Udaipurwati, Khandela, Sri Madhopur, Kotputli, Khetri, and Narnaul are some major cities and towns near Neem Ka Thana. It is located at a distance of 119 kilometers from Jaipur and 241 kilometers from Delhi. Neem Ka Thana is well connected with others cities in the region with roads and Indian Railways.
Tibors de Sarenom
Tibors de Sarenom (French Tiburge; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours.

Occitan literature
Occitan literature (referred to in older texts as Provençal literature) is a body of texts written in Occitan, mostly in the south of France. It was the first literature written in a Romance language and inspired the rise of vernacular literature throughout medieval Europe. Occitan literature's Golden Age was in the 12th century, when a rich and complex body of lyrical poetry was produced by troubadours writing in Old Occitan, which still survives to this day. Although Catalan is considered by some a variety of Occitan, this article will not deal with Catalan literature, which started diverging from its Southern French counterpart in the late 13th century.