hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Duffey
Joseph Daniel Duffey (July 1, 1932 – February 25, 2021) was an American academic, educator, anti-war activist and political appointee. He was the Democratic Party's candidate in the 1970 U.S. Senate election in Connecticut, losing to Republican Lowell Weicker. He later served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs; the chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities; the director of the U.S. Information Agency; and the president or chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the University of Massachusetts system and American University.

Laureate Education
Laureate Education, Inc. is a company based in Miami, Florida, United States. The firm owns and operates Laureate International Universities, with campuses in Mexico and Peru.
The company is publicly traded on the Nasdaq.
Jharal Yow Yeh
Jharal Yow Yeh (born 22 December 1989) is an Australian radio presenter and former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL. An Australian international and Queensland State of Origin representative wing or centre, he also played for the Indigenous All Stars. Yow Yeh spent his entire club career with the Broncos, which was cut short due to a bad leg break and complications.

Norths Devils
The Northern Suburbs Devils, or North Brisbane Devils, or often simply referred to as Norths for short, are a rugby league club representing the northern suburbs of Brisbane, Australia. The team colours are sky blue, navy blue and gold. They play in the Hostplus Cup, and, through their predecessors, are one of the oldest clubs in Australia.
Norths have won 14 A Grade, 17 Reserve Grade and 14 Colts/Third Grade Premierships. They hold the record for most consecutive first grade Brisbane Rugby League premierships, winning six in a row between 1959 and 1964 and being crowned champions most recently in 2024.
Fu Ziying
Fu Ziying (Chinese: 傅自应; born September 1957) is a Chinese politician who served as director of the Macau Liaison Office from 2018 to 2022.

He was a delegate to the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and an alternate of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.
Music of Russia
Music has been produced in Russia and/or by Russians. Russia is a large and culturally diverse country, with many ethnic groups, each with their own locally developed music. Russian music also includes significant contributions from ethnic minorities, who populated the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and modern-day Russia. Russian music went through a long history, beginning with ritual folk songs and the sacred music of the Russian Orthodox Church. The 19th century saw the rise of highly acclaimed Russian classical music, and in the 20th century major contributions by various composers such as Igor Stravinsky as well as Soviet composers, while the modern styles of Russian popular music developed, including Russian rock, Russian hip hop and Russian pop.

Svirel
Svirel (Russian: свирель) is a Slavic woodwind instrument of the end-blown flute type traditionally used in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. It is a parallel-bore flute. The six-hole versions are similar to the tin whistle; the ten-hole versions are fully chromatic.

The traditional Russian svirel has not been extensively studied. Specialists have long tried to relate the present day pipe instruments to their old Russian names. Most often, the chroniclers used three names for this type of instrument: svirel, sopel (sopilka) and tsevnitsa. The Ukrainian term for the instrument is sopilka and in Belarusian the term is dudka.
Caliphs and Kings
Caliphs and Kings is the title or partial title of several books:

The Book of Gold Moulded in the Format of the Report of the Caliphs and Kings Who Performed the Ḥajj (1438), by al-Maqrizi, medieval Egyptian historian

Caliphs and Kings, possible translation of Khilafat o Malukiyat (1985) by Abul A'la Maududi

Caliphs and Kings: The Art and Influence of Islamic Spain (2004), by Heather Ecker, published by the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796–1031 (2012), by Roger Collins, part of Wiley-Blackwell's series on the history of Spain

Roger Collins
Roger J. H. Collins (born 2 September 1949) is an English medievalist, currently an honorary fellow in history at the University of Edinburgh.

Collins studied at the University of Oxford (Queen's and Saint Cross Colleges) under Peter Brown and John Michael Wallace-Hadrill. He then taught ancient and medieval history at the universities of Liverpool and Bristol. He arrived at the University of Edinburgh in 1994 and joined the Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities before becoming an honorary fellow in the Department of History (now the School of History, Classics and Archaeology) in 1998.

His research has primarily concerned the Early Middle Ages, with an emphasis on Spain, but also the Franks. His studies on the Basques and the Papacy (ongoing) have extended beyond this medieval period into the modern. His most recent publication is a book on the seventh- and eighth-century versions of the Chronicle of Fredegar for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
São Tomé scops owl
The São Tomé scops owl (Otus hartlaubi) is a species of owl in the true owl family, Strigidae. It is endemic to São Tomé Island, part of São Tomé and Príncipe, in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
Keeten-Mastgat
The Keeten-Mastgat is a body of water in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It used to be an estuary of the Rhine and Meuse rivers, but today it is only connected to the Oosterschelde. It still receives some water from its former tributaries, but only when the Krammer-Volkerak receives too much water from the Hollands Diep.

It lies between the islands of Schouwen-Duiveland and Tholen.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Rathee (surname)
Rathee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ankur Rathee (born 1991), Indian-born American actor, brother of Sonia Rathee.

Dhruv Rathee (born 1994), Indian YouTuber and social media activist.

Mohit Rathee (born 1999), Indian cricketer.

Sonia Rathee (born 1996, Indian-born American actor, sister of Ankur Rathee

Nafe Singh Rathee (1954–2024), politician from Haryana.

Dhruv Rathee
Dhruv Rathee (born 8 October 1994, Hindi pronunciation: [d̪ʰrʊʋ raːʈʰiː]) is an Indian influencer and social media activist based in Berlin, Germany. He is known for his YouTube videos on social, political, and environmental issues. As of June 2025, he has over 36 million subscribers and 7 billion views across all of his channels.
Battle of Segou
The Battle of Ségou was a decisive point in the growth of the Toucouleur Empire (1850-1890), which spread throughout the upper Niger River and Senegal River bassins in the late 19th century.  It marked the destruction of the last of the Songhay successor states, the beginning of El Hadj Umar Tall's conflict with fellow Fula Jihad leader of Macina, and a Toucouleur movement to the east under pressure from French Colonial expansion in the Senegambia.

El Hadj Umar Tall, a Toucouleur conqueror who swept across West Africa from Fouta Djallon, invaded Segou and found an already shaken Bambara Empire. Well trained, regimented, and equipped with modern firearms, Umar Tall's mujahideen readily and easily defeated the Bambara, seizing Ségou itself on March 10, 1861.  Umar made his son Ahmadu Tall king or "Faama", and declared an end to the Bambara Empire.  The Niger River city of Ségou became the center of the Toucouleur Jihad state, and the base for its further expansion to the  east.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
1987 Hong Kong–Shanghai Cup
1987 Hong Kong–Shanghai Cup was the 22nd staging of the Hong Kong-Shanghai Cup and the first staging after the competition was halted for about 40 years. Shanghai captured the championship by winning 4–1.

Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship
The Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship (Chinese: 滬港球會盃) was an annual football challenge match between two clubs representing Hong Kong and Shanghai. It was established in its most recent format in 2005 and folded in 2015.
Robert Szopiński
Robert Wojciech Szopiński (born February 15, 1961) is a former Polish ice hockey player and currently is a coach. He played for the Poland men's national ice hockey team at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, and the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Château de Bricquebec
The Château de Bricquebec (French pronunciation: [ʃato də bʁikbɛk]) is a castle in the Manche département of France.

The castle is listed as a Monument historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture.

Manche
Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/; French: [mɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Norman: Maunche) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 495,045 in 2019.
North Carolina General Assembly of 2007–08
The North Carolina General Assembly of 2007–08 consisted of the North Carolina House of Representatives and the North Carolina Senate that met in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2007 and 2008. Members of the House and Senate were elected on November 7, 2006. This legislature first convened in January 2007. In addition to its regular sessions, the legislature met in special session in March 2008 to consider expelling Representative Thomas E. Wright.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Melbourne Town Hall
Melbourne Town Hall, often referred to as simply Town Hall, is the administrative seat of the local municipality of the City of Melbourne and the primary offices of the Lord Mayor and city councillors of Melbourne. Located on the northeast corner of Swanston and Collins streets in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, the building was completed in 1887 and heritage listed on the Victorian Heritage Register in 1974. The building is frequently used for art and cultural events such as concerts, festivals, theatrical plays and exhibitions.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Napoleon Wounded at Ratisbon
Napoleon Wounded at Ratisbon (French: Napoleon blesse devant Ratisbonne) is an 1810 history painting by the French artist Claude Gautherot. It depicts an incident at the Battle of Ratisbon, fought on 23 April 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars. Part of the War of the Fifth Coalition, the French Emperor Napoleon led the Grande Armée to victory over Austrian forces under Archduke Charles. It portrays the moment Napoleon, wounded in the ankle by enemy artillery fire, mounts a fresh horse. It is one of a number of paintings in which his valet and bodyguard Roustam Raza appears. The Polish general Dezydery Chłapowski is also shown nearby as is Napoleon's Chief of Staff Louis-Alexandre Berthier.

The painting was displayed at the Salon of 1810 held at the Louvre in Paris. Originally commissioned by Napoleon for the Tuileries Palace, it was later transferred in 1835 to the Palace of Versailles.

Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler.
The Jelly Jam
The Jelly Jam is an American progressive rock power trio supergroup, consisting of King's X member Ty Tabor on guitar and vocals, Winger and Dixie Dregs member Rod Morgenstein  on drums, and Dream Theater member John Myung on bass guitar.

Their first album, The Jelly Jam, was released by InsideOut Music in 2002. Their second album, The Jelly Jam 2, followed in 2004.

Winger (band)
Winger is an American rock band formed in New York City, New York, in 1987. Winger gained popularity during the late 1980s and early 1990s with two platinum albums, Winger and In the Heart of the Young, along with charting singles "Seventeen", "Headed for a Heartbreak" and "Miles Away". In 1990, the band was nominated for an American Music Award for "Best New Heavy Metal Band". As the music scene changed in the early to mid-1990s due to the popularity of grunge, their success faded following their third release, 1993's Pull. Winger disbanded less than a year later in 1994.

In 2001, Winger reunited and conducted several successful tours. In 2006, the band's 1993 touring lineup (minus Paul Taylor but including John Roth) reunited to record the band's first studio album in over 13 years, IV, and toured in support of the album into 2008. In 2009, the band released their fifth album, Karma, followed by Better Days Comin' in 2014. Their most recent album, Seven, was released in 2023.
Bay State Newspaper Company
Bay State Newspaper Company, based in Somerville, Massachusetts, United States, was a publisher of weekly newspapers in suburbs north of Boston. It was formed in 1991 by Fidelity Investments after it bought Dole Publishing from its longtime owner, William P. Dole.

Bay State Newspaper was folded into the Metro Unit of Fidelity's Community Newspaper Company in 1996. CNC is now owned by GateHouse Media.

Bay State's properties were assembled by the Dole family, which ran the Cambridge Chronicle from the 1930s to early 1990s. The Chronicle, newspaper of record for the city of Cambridge, has published since 1846 and, under the Doles, was combined with the rival Cambridge Sun.

The Doles also acquired the main weeklies in two other suburban cities north of Boston, as well as printing other publications (such as shoppers).

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Ministry of Finance (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MF RK, Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Қаржы министрлігі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Qarjy ministrlıgı, ҚР ҚарМин; Russian: Министерство финансов Республики Казахстан, МФ РК) is a central executive body of the Government of Kazakhstan, providing leadership and intersectoral coordination in the financial sector. It was established on 17 December 1991, just a day after Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union, the Law "On budget system of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was introduced. The Ministry is currently led by Erulan Jamaubaev.

Government of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) is the collegial body that exercises executive power in the Republic of Kazakhstan; the government heads the system of executive bodies and directs their activities. The Government is formed by the President of Kazakhstan in the manner prescribed by the constitution. The current cabinet is headed by Oljas Bektenov, who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 6 February 2024.  The Government House is located on the left bank near Akorda at the House of Ministries at Mangilik el 8 ave in Astana. The length of the building is about 1.5 km. It consists of 20 blocks and has a stepped shape – from 8 to 10 floors. The total area of the facility is 228 thousand square meters. The outer walls are monolithic reinforced concrete, the finish is ceramic granite.
Hibiscus sinosyriacus
Hibiscus sinosyriacus, the Chinese rose of Sharon, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern China. The Royal Horticultural Society considers it a good plant for chalky soils. A number of cultivars are available, including 'Lilac Queen' and 'Ruby Glow'.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Donna Rozar
Donna Mummau Rozar (née Mummau; born February 9, 1950) is an American businesswoman, nurse, and Republican politician from Marshfield, Wisconsin.  She served two terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 69th Assembly district from 2021 to 2025.  She is also a member of the board of supervisors of Wood County, Wisconsin, since 2000.

Wisconsin's 69th Assembly district
The 69th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in north-central Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Clark County and parts of western Marathon County, southeast Taylor County, and southeast Chippewa County.  It includes the cities of Abbotsford, Colby, Greenwood, Loyal, Medford, Neillsville, Owen, Thorp, and Stanley, and the villages of Athens, Boyd, Curtiss, Dorchester, Granton, Stetsonville, Unity, and Withee. The district is represented by Republican Karen Hurd, since January 2025; Hurd previously represented the 68th district from 2023 to 2025.

The 69th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 23rd Senate district, along with the 67th and 68th Assembly districts.

Neillsville Downtown Historic District

Downtown Colby

Abbotsford Municipal Center
Borrow
Borrow or borrowing can mean: to receive (something) from somebody temporarily, expecting to return it.

In finance, monetary debt

In linguistics, change in a language due to contact with other languages

In arithmetic, when a digit becomes less than zero and the deficiency is taken from the next digit to the left

In music, the use of borrowed chords

In construction, borrow pit

In golf, the tendency of a putted ball to deviate from the straight line; see Glossary of golf#B

Carry (arithmetic)
In elementary arithmetic, a carry is a digit that is transferred from one column of digits to another column of more significant digits. It is part of the standard algorithm to add numbers together by starting with the rightmost digits and working to the left. For example, when 6 and 7 are added to make 13, the "3" is written to the same column and the "1" is carried to the left. When used in subtraction the operation is called a borrow.

Carrying is emphasized in traditional mathematics, while curricula based on reform mathematics do not emphasize any specific method to find a correct answer.

Carrying makes a few appearances in higher mathematics as well. In computing, carrying is an important function of adder circuits.