hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Augustus Bethel
Walter Augustus Bethel (November 25, 1866 – January 11, 1954) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of the Spanish–American War and World War I, he attained the rank of major general and was most notable for his service as Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1923 to 1924.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Statua della Libertà
Statua della Libertà (Italian pronunciation: [ˈstaːtwa della liberˈta; ˈstaːtu.a]) is a statue in Piazza della Libertà, City of San Marino, the capital city of the Republic of San Marino.

The Statua della Libertà, made in the neoclassical style of white Carrara marble and is located between Parva Domus and the Palazzo Pubblico. It is a work of the sculptor Stefano Galletti and was donated by Countess Otilia Heyroth Wagener from Berlin to the Republic in 1876, because she had become Countess of Acquaviva.

The statue symbolizes freedom. Freedom is represented as a warrior advancing fiercely with one hand extended forward and one with a flag. On the head of the statue is a crown with three towers representing the fortified city of San Marino, the symbolic meaning is the reinstatement of freedom.

The Statua della Libertà is depicted on the Sammarinese 2 cent euro coins.

Carrara marble
Carrara marble, or Luna marble (marmor lunense) to the Romans, is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It has been quarried since Roman times in the mountains just outside the city of Carrara in the province of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of modern-day Tuscany, Italy.

More marble has been extracted from the over 650 quarry sites near Carrara than from any other place. The pure white statuario grade was used for monumental sculpture, as "it has a high tensile strength, can take a high gloss polish and holds very fine detail".
Almand
Almand is a surname. People with the surname include:

Alan Almand (born 1943), British rower

Bond Almand (1894–1985), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia

James F. Almand (born 1948), Virginia attorney, politician, and judge

John Parks Almand (1885–1969), American architect

Bond Almand
Bond Almand (January 13, 1894 – May 13, 1985) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1949 to 1969, and chief justice from 1969 to 1972.

Born in Lithonia, Georgia, Almand received his undergraduate degree from Emory University, followed by an LL.B. and an M.A. from Columbia University in 1916. He served in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps corps in Europe during World War I. In the 1920s, he served one term in the Georgia House of Representatives, and later assisted with the drafting of legislation to reorganize the Georgia state government. In 1942, Governor Eugene Talmadge named Almand to the Fulton County Superior Court, where Almand remained until the appointment expired in 1944. In 1946, Governor Ellis Arnall returned Almand to the superior court, where he remained until 1949, when Governor Herman Talmadge elevated Almand to the state supreme court, where Almand served for 23 years.

Almand died at his home in Atlanta, at the age of 91.
The Brigand Betrayed
The Brigand Betrayed is an 1828 genre painting by the French artist Horace Vernet. It depicts a bandit lured into a trap by a young woman, as a Papal dragoon waits behind a rock with a pistol. It was produced the year Vernet took up his position as director of the French Academy in Rome, around the same time as his A Roman Herdsman Driving Cattle. He was likely influenced by paintings of bandits produced by Léopold Robert . Today the painting is in the Wallace Collection in London, having been acquired by the Marquess of Hertford in 1870.

French Academy in Rome
The French Academy in Rome (French: Académie de France à Rome, pronounced [akademi də fʁɑ̃s a ʁɔm]) is an academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy.
Mengguan
Mengguan (猛瓘; 21 December 1643 – 12 August 1674) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince as the fifth son of Hooge, Prince Su,  Hong Taiji's grandson and a cousin of Kangxi Emperor. Mengguan was the first Prince Wen of the Second Rank since 1657. The peerage was not granted perpetual inheritability which meant that his successors would hold diminished ranks. However, the peerage was abolished because Mengguan's son Yanxin was convicted of collaboration with Yunsi.

Yunsi
Yunsi (29 March 1680 – 5 October 1726), born as Yinsi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China. The eighth son of the Kangxi Emperor, Yunsi was a pivotal figure in the power struggle over the succession to his father's throne. Yunsi was believed to be favoured by most officials in the imperial court to be the next emperor but ultimately lost the struggle to his fourth brother Yinzhen, who became the Yongzheng Emperor.

After the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne in 1723, Yunsi was named a top advisor to the new emperor and imperial chancellor, the head of the Lifan Yuan, in addition to being awarded the title "Prince Lian of the First Rank". He was removed from office four years later, his titles stripped, then he was banished from the imperial clan. He was charged with a litany of crimes and sent to prison, where he died in disgrace. He was posthumously restored to the imperial clan during the Qianlong Emperor's reign.
2-meter band
The 2-meter amateur radio band is a portion of the VHF radio spectrum that comprises frequencies stretching from 144 MHz to 148 MHz in International Telecommunication Union region (ITU) Regions 2 (North and South America plus Hawaii) and 3 (Asia and Oceania)


and from 144 MHz to 146 MHz in ITU Region 1 (Europe, Africa, and Russia).

 The license privileges of amateur radio operators include the use of frequencies within this band for telecommunication, usually conducted locally with a line-of-sight range of about 100 miles (160 km).

ITU Region
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in its International Radio Regulations, divides the world into three ITU regions for the purposes of managing the global radio spectrum. Each region has its own set of frequency allocations, the main reason for defining the regions.
Paremhat 28
Paremhat 27 – Coptic calendar – Paremhat 29

The twenty-eighth day of the Coptic month of Paremhat, the seventh month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to March 24, of the Julian calendar, and April 6, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Predecessor culture
Predecessor culture is a sociological phrase originating in Alasdair MacIntyre's book, After Virtue, in which he considers society before the Enlightenment's project of rationalizing all things as having an internal consistency and meaning which has been lost to us. It can be considered as having to do with the set of heroes and stories that were re-iterated in former cultures; these are called commonplaces in English literature.

Another use of the phrase is to refer to society before the 1960s. Not only is this considered in opposition to the sexual revolution, and various political movements and the manner in which power is expressed, such as the ways in which society is intended to accommodate feminism, but with the philosophical changes such as structuralism and post-structuralism.

Alasdair MacIntyre
Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (12 January 1929 – 21 May 2025) was a Scottish-American philosopher who contributed to moral and political philosophy as well as history of philosophy and theology. MacIntyre's After Virtue (1981) is one of the most important works of Anglophone moral and political philosophy in the 20th century. He was a senior research fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University, emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, and permanent senior distinguished research fellow at the Notre Dame de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture. During his lengthy academic career, he also taught at Brandeis University, Duke University, Vanderbilt University, and Boston University.
Polybenzimidazole
Polybenzimidazole (PBI, short for poly[2,2’-(m-phenylen)-5,5’-bisbenzimidazole]) fiber is a synthetic fiber with a very high decomposition temperature. It does not exhibit a melting point, does not readily ignite, and has exceptional thermal and chemical stability. It was first discovered in 1961, by American polymer chemist Carl Shipp Marvel in the pursuit of new materials with superior stability, retention of stiffness, and toughness at elevated temperature. Due to its high stability, polybenzimidazole is used to fabricate high-performance protective apparel such as firefighter's gear, astronaut space suits, high temperature protective gloves, welders’ apparel and aircraft wall fabrics. Polybenzimidazole has been applied as a membrane in fuel cells.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive
The  Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive  at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research.  The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures.

Save America's Treasures
Save America's Treasures is a United States federal government initiative to preserve and protect historic buildings, arts, and published works. It is a public–private partnership between the U.S. National Park Service and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, and Institute of Museum and Library Services are also partners in the work. In the early years of the program, Heritage Preservation and the National Park Foundation were also involved.
Lake Hook
Lake Hook, sometimes referred to as Hook Lake, is a 330 square acre (1.3 sq km) lake in McLeod County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota, that is a popular fishing destination. The lake is approximately 18 feet (5.5 m) at its deepest point with an average depth of 8 feet (2.4 m) and a shoreline spanning 4 miles (7.1 km).

Lake Hook was named for Captain Isaac Newton Hook, a pioneer who settled there in the 1850s, and is famous for his highly unusual above-ground tomb located in the small town of Stockport, Ohio. Hook designed and created this tomb himself, completing it shortly before his death in 1906. A popular legend associated with this tomb is that Hook's wife claimed that she would be the first to dance on his grave when Hook died. This is supposedly the reason that he built it with a rounded top and a sharp spire, an attempt to prevent her from doing so.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
No Self Control (album)
No Self Control is the fourth full-length release from The Planet Smashers. This album has spawned many fan favorites, including "Blind" and "SK8 or Die". This is only the second album by The Planet Smashers (and first since their self-titled debut) where the album isn't named after its opening track: "No Self Control" is the second track.

Exclaim! described the album as "a testimonial to economic music making," and "in many ways similar to prior outings: short, snappy pop ska tunes that accomplish much within a limited time frame."

The Planet Smashers
The Planet Smashers are a Canadian ska punk band from Montreal. Since their formation in 1993, they have been a staple of the Montreal music scene. During the third wave of ska, they performed nationally and later internationally, with tours in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Founding member Matt Collyer helped establish Stomp Records in 1994, which featured many ska and ska punk bands, including Montreal's The Kingpins, The Flatliners, The Know How, and Bedouin Soundclash. Their music has been used in the Japanese flash series Catman, Canadian show Radio Free Roscoe, and MTV's Undergrads (shown on Teletoon in Canada). Lyrics by The Planet Smashers often deal with topics such as love, partying and good times, and sometimes use tongue-in-cheek innuendo.
High pressure injection injury
A high pressure injection injury is an injury caused by high-pressure injection of oil, grease, diesel fuel, gasoline, solvents, water, liquified plastic or even air, into the body. The most common causes are accidents with grease guns, paint sprayers, and pressure washers, but working on diesel and gasoline engine fuel injection systems as well as pinhole leaks in pressurized hydraulic lines can also cause this injury.  Additionally, there is at least one known case of deliberate self-injection with a grease gun.

Although the initial wound often seems minor, the unseen, internal damage can be severe.  With hydraulic fluids, paint, and detergents, these injuries are extremely serious as most hydraulic fluids and organic solvents are highly toxic.  Delay in surgical treatment often leads to amputations or death.  But even with pure water or air, these injuries cause compartment syndrome, which leads to cell death if surgical intervention is delayed.

Unit injector
A unit injector (UI) is a high-pressure integrated direct fuel injection system for diesel engines, combining the injector nozzle and the injection pump in a single component. The plunger pump used is usually driven by a shared camshaft. In a unit injector, the device is typically lubricated and cooled by the fuel itself.

High-pressure injection delivers power and fuel consumption benefits over earlier lower-pressure fuel injection by injecting fuel as a larger number of smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. This provides improved vaporisation from the surface of the fuel droplets and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporised fuel, delivering more complete and cleaner combustion.
Copyscape
Copyscape is an online plagiarism detection service that checks whether similar text content appears elsewhere on the web. It was launched in 2004 by Indigo Stream Technologies, Ltd.

Copyscape is used by content owners to detect cases of "content theft", in which content is copied without permission from one site to another. It is also used by content publishers to detect cases of content fraud, in which old content is repackaged and sold as new original content.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Eileen O'Donnell
Eileen Mary O'Donnell (born 1 July 1993), known professionally as Eileen O'Donnell, is an Irish model and beauty pageant titleholder. O'Donnell started her career in 2011 and has since modelled in the categories of fashion, skincare and swimwear. She has gone on to collaborate with numerous notable brands including Pretty Little Thing, GymKing, MVMT Watches, The Couture Club, Ziaja Skincare, Benefit Cosmetics, amongst others.

Since 2016, she has represented Ireland in a number of international competitions and pageantries. She won the title of Miss Bikini Ireland in 2017 and participated in the Swimsuit USA International Model Search in 2018. She was crowned Miss Earth Ireland 2020.

Ziaja
Ziaja is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Ziaja (born 1954), Polish painter and print maker

Ernest Ziaja (1919–1997), Polish ice hockey player

Wally Ziaja (born 1949), American soccer player

Witold Ziaja (1940–2025), Polish field hockey player
KZEY (690 AM)
KZEY (690 AM) was an American radio station licensed to serve Tyler, Texas, United States. The station, established in 1958, was owned by Community Broadcast Group, Inc.

When the station fell silent in January 2007, KZEY had been broadcasting an urban adult contemporary music format to the greater Tyler-Longview, Texas metropolitan area.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
James Clyde (actor)
James Daniel McCallum Clyde (born May 1961) is an English actor, best known for his work in Anonymous, Croupier, Boudica and the CBBC's series Leonardo as Piero de' Medici. He also performed as Phillip Strenger in the English dub of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt. On stage, he appeared in Mr Thomas by Kathy Burke in 1990.

Clyde is the son of the actor and musician Gordon Clyde; he was educated at Highgate School.

Highgate School
Highgate School, formally Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate, is a co-educational, fee-charging, private day school, founded in 1565 in Highgate, London, England. It educates over 1,400 pupils in three sections – Highgate Pre-Preparatory School (ages 4–8), Highgate junior school (ages 8–11) and the senior school (11+) – which together comprise the Highgate Foundation. As part of its wider work the charity was from 2010 a founding partner of the London Academy of Excellence and it is now also the principal education sponsor of an associated Academy, the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham, which opened in September 2017. The principal business sponsor is Tottenham Hotspur FC. The charity also funds the Chrysalis Partnership, a scheme supporting 26 state schools in six London boroughs.
Satinder Vir Kessar
Satinder Vir Kessar (born 9 June 1932) is an Indian synthetic organic chemist, academic and an Emeritus professor of Panjab University. He is known for his researches in steroidal and heterocyclic chemistry. He is an elected fellow of The World Academy of Sciences and all the three major Indian science academies, viz. The Indian National Science Academy, the Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1972, for his contributions to chemical sciences.

Aporphine
Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula C17H17N. It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine alkaloids, a subclass of quinoline alkaloids. It can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, (R)-aporphine and (S)-aporphine.
Sigrún Sjöfn Ámundadóttir
Sigrún Sjöfn Ámundadóttir (born 23 November 1988) is an Icelandic former basketball player. During her career, she has won the Icelandic championship two times, in 2006 and 2007, and the Icelandic Basketball Cup four times. She is the Úrvalsdeild kvenna all-time career leader in rebounds and in the league's top four in scoring, assists, steals and games played.

Haukar (women's basketball)
The Haukar women's basketball team, commonly known as Haukar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhøyːkar̥]), is the women's basketball department of Knattspyrnufélagið Haukar multi-sport club, based in the town of Hafnarfjörður, Iceland.
Grant S. Nelson
Grant S. Nelson (born 1939) is the William H. Rehnquist Professor of Law, at Pepperdine University.  A leading scholar of real estate law, Nelson was previously professor of law at the University of California, Los Angeles.  He was "Professor of the Year" three times at UCLA and won the Rutter Award. He has published extensively on the topic of real estate transactions.  He served as a co-reporter for the American Law Institute's Restatement of Property. He taught at the University of Missouri School of Law for 24 years.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.