hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aeromonas fluvialis
Aeromonas fluvialis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from water from the Muga River in Girona in northeastern Spain.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Four Comprehensives
The Four Comprehensives, fully as the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面战略布局), are four political goals put forward by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2014. They are:

Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society → Comprehensively build a modern socialist country

Comprehensively deepen reform

Comprehensively govern the nation according to law

Comprehensively strict discipline of the Party.

Chinese law
Chinese law is one of the oldest legal traditions in the world. The core of modern Chinese law is based on Germanic-style civil law, socialist law, and traditional Chinese approaches. For most of the history of China, its legal system has been based on the Confucian philosophy of social control through moral education, as well as the Legalist emphasis on codified law and criminal sanction. Following the Xinhai Revolution, the Republic of China adopted a largely Western-style legal code in the civil law tradition (specifically German and Swiss based). The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 brought with it a more Soviet-influenced system of socialist law. However, earlier traditions from Chinese history have retained their influence.
Cryphia flavidior
Cryphia flavidior is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1911 and it is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Cryphia flavidior is 9289.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
Odesa Oblast Council
The Odesa Oblast Council (Ukrainian: Одеська обласна рада) is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Odesa Oblast located in Southern Ukraine.

Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation in the council, a party must gain more than 5 percent of the total vote.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Illinois's 13th House of Representatives district
Illinois's 13th House of Representatives district is a Representative district within the Illinois House of Representatives located in Cook County, Illinois. It has been represented by Democrat Hoan Huynh since January 11, 2023. The district was previously represented by Democrat Greg Harris from 2006 to 2023.

The district includes parts of the Chicago neighborhoods of Edgewater, Lake View, Lincoln Square, North Center, Uptown, West Ridge.

Democratic Party of Illinois
The Democratic Party of Illinois is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is the oldest extant state party in Illinois and one of just two recognized parties in the state, along with the Republican Party. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling the majority of Illinois' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, both houses of the state legislature, and the governorship.
Cap 3000
Cap 3000 is a French shopping center in the suburbs of Nice, in the city of Saint-Laurent-du-Var. Opened in 1969, it is one of the largest shopping centers in the Alpes-Maritimes, the one with the largest number of shops (300 in 2021), and was one of the busiest. In February 2021, it was the fifth largest shopping center in France by useful commercial area with 135,000 m2.

Even though this regional mall is in a mid-to-high range, it is a popular meeting place, from locals to wealthy foreign tourists. The shopping center has large retail and service stores, boutiques, restaurants, medical offices and medical analysis laboratories.

Galeries Lafayette
Galeries Lafayette  (French pronunciation: [ɡalʁi lafajɛt]) is an upmarket French department store chain. The flagship store is located on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of Groupe Galeries Lafayette and has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 1960.

As of 2025, Galeries Lafayette operates 50 stores in France (including five in Greater Paris, and 12 outlet stores), alongside ten international locations (predominantly in Asia). Galeries Lafayette is the largest European upmarket department store chain by store count.
Makelaria Monastery
The Makelaria Monastery (Greek: Ιερά Μονή Κοιμήσεως Θεοτόκου Μακελαριάς) is a 6th-century Eastern Orthodox monastery located in the Peloponnese region of Greece. It lies on a big rock near the village of Lapanagoi, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the town of Kalavryta. The monastery, one of the oldest in Greece, was founded in 532 AD and is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos.

According to tradition, it was built by the Byzantine general Belisarius, under Emperor Justinian the Great, as an act of repentance after the Nika Revolt in Constantinople.

The monastery is renowned for its miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary, its deep roots in Greek history, and its breathtaking position often called the “Meteora of the Peloponnese.”

Kalavryta
Kalavryta (Greek: Καλάβρυτα) is a town and a municipality in the mountainous east-central part of the regional unit of Achaea, Greece. The town is located on the right bank of the river Vouraikos, 24 kilometres (15 miles) south of Aigio, 40 km (25 miles) southeast of Patras and 62 km (39 miles) northwest of Tripoli. Notable mountains in the municipality are Mount Erymanthos in the west and Aroania or Chelmos in the southeast. Kalavryta is the southern terminus of the Diakopto-Kalavryta rack railway, built by Italian engineers between 1885 and 1895.
Talheim Death Pit
The Talheim Death Pit (German: Massaker von Talheim), discovered in 1983, was a mass grave found in a Linear Pottery Culture  settlement, also known as a Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture. It dates back to about 5000 BC. The pit takes its name from its site in Talheim, Germany. The pit contained the remains of 34 bodies, and evidence points towards the first signs of organized violence in Early Neolithic Europe.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Takhir Kamaletdinov
Takhir Kamaletdinov is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the mid to late 1980s. He won two medals in the C-1 10000 m at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1985 and a bronze in 1987.

1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Mechelen, Belgium.

The men's competition consisted of six canoe (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the nineteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Asoke Nath Mitra
Asoke Nath Mitra (15 April 1929 - 26 November 2022) was an Indian theoretical physicist. He was a lifetime professor emeritus at Delhi University. He is known for his work in nuclear physics, particle physics and quantum field theory and in particular, for his fundamental contributions in obtaining the exact solution of the nucleon 3- body problem with separable potentials which led to the few nucleon studies, quark-recoil effect, development of an integrated dynamics of 2- and 3- body systems from nucleons to quarks as well as for the development of quark dynamics and relativistic quark models for hadrons in the Bethe-Salpeter framework. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1969.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Baden IV f
The class IV f locomotives of the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway (German: Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen, G.Bad.St.E.) were express locomotives with a 4-6-2 (Pacific) wheel arrangement. They later passed to the Deutsche Reichsbahn, who classified them as class 18.2. These were the first Pacific locomotives in Germany and the second in Europe after the Paris-Orléans Railway 4500-series that had appeared a few months earlier.

Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway
Grand Duchy of Baden had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E.), which was founded in 1840. At the time when it was integrated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, its network had an overall length of about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi).
Lahmar (surname)
Lahmar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdelkader Lahmar (born 1971), French politician

Hamza Lahmar, Tunisian footballer

Msaddak Lahmar (born 1960), Tunisian volleyball player

Marouen Lahmar, Tunisian basketball player

Ismahane Lahmar, Franco-Tunisian filmmaker

Hassan Lahmar, Moroccan boxer

Sabir Mahfouz Lahmar (born 1969), Bosnian citizen

Ismahane Lahmar
Ismahane Lahmar (born 25 October 1982), is a Franco–Tunisian filmmaker and screenwriter. She is best known as the director of critically acclaimed shorts and feature films Rainbow, WOH! and Breaking News.
Valentina Maksimova
Valentina Mikhailovna Maksimova (Russian: Валентина Михайловна Максимова; born 21 May 1937) is a retired Russian track cyclist. She won silver medals in the sprint at four consecutive world championships in 1958–1961, behind Galina Ermolaeva. Between 1953 and 1955 she set seven Soviet records in 200–500 m events.

Maksimova graduated from the Institute of Pedagogy in Tula and then from the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, where she also defended a PhD on training sprint cyclists. From 1985 to 1993 she headed the women's section of the Soviet Cycling Federation, and since 1988 was an executive member of the Russian Cycling Federation.

Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE) (Russian: Российский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта, молодёжи и туризма (ГЦОЛИФК))  is a university in Moscow, founded in 1918.
Bruff R.F.C.
Bruff Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club in County Limerick, Ireland. As at December 2025 it was playing in Division 2C of the All-Ireland League. The club plays at home in Kilballyowen Park, near the town of Bruff in County Limerick. As at the 2025/26 season they were fielding 18 rugby teams at the club including 4 men's adult squads, Adult Women's, girls' youth, minis and boys' youth rugby teams ranging in age from under-7 to under-18.

2025–26 All-Ireland League (rugby union)
The 2025–26 All-Ireland League, known as the Energia All-Ireland League for sponsorship reasons, is the 34th season of Irish Rugby's top level domestic competition. The League began on 27 September 2025 and is scheduled to finish with the League final at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on 26 April 2026.

Clontarf are the defending champions having won their 4th title by defeating reigning champions Cork Constitution in the 2024–25 League Final.

Bective Rangers (after a 7-year absence) and Thomond (after a 6-year absence) make a return to the A.I.L. having been promoted from the Junior Provincial leagues replacing Tullamore and Omagh Academicals who were relegated.
Terni railway station
Terni railway station (Italian: Stazione di Terni) serves the town and comune of Terni, in the region of Umbria, central Italy.  Opened in 1866, it forms part of the Ancona–Orte railway, and is also a junction station for two secondary lines, the Terni–Sulmona railway and the Terni–Sansepolcro railway.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services are operated by or on behalf of Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Regional train services on the Terni–Sansepolcro railway are operated by Ferrovia Centrale Umbra, which sub-contracts on behalf of Trenitalia.

Trenitalia
Trenitalia SpA is the primary train operator of Italy, which was established in 2000. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, it was established following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transport. The company operates both regional and long-distance trains. It also operates or operated in the past through ownerships, subsidiary companies, or partnerships in France, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Among the company's high-speed train are Frecciarossa, Frecciargento, Frecciabianca, InterCity, and InterCity Notte. In 2024, Trenitalia was recognized as the best rail passenger operator in Europe.
Margaret Halstan
Margaret Halstan (25 December 1879 – 8 January 1967) was a British stage and screen actress, who often played upper-class ladies of the gentry, with a career spanning over six decades.

She was particularly known for her Shakespearian roles, and it has been stated she appeared in every one of his plays, she was particularly noted for her role in Othello as Desdemona, she made her professional debut in 1895.

At the turn of the century she joined Sir Frank Benson's theatre company, and also played in the theatrical companies of Sir George Alexander and Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, before making her debut in silent films in 1916.

Frank Benson (actor)
Sir Francis Robert Benson (4 November 1858 – 31 December 1939) was an English tennis player and an actor-manager. He founded his own company in 1883 and produced all but two of William Shakespeare's plays. His thirty-year association with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre and the annual Shakespeare Festival in Stratford-upon-Avon laid down foundations for the creation of the Royal Shakespeare Company after his death.

Benson's company toured widely, with few London seasons, and became a training ground for several generations of young performers, including Henry Ainley, Oscar Asche, Lilian Braithwaite, Isadora Duncan, Nigel Playfair, Nancy Price, Harcourt Williams and Moffat Johnston.

Benson was the older cousin of the Oscar-nominated and Tony-winning actor Basil Rathbone, to whom he bore a strong resemblance.
Lucyfire
Lucyfire is a musical project of Johan Edlund, the main member and vocalist of the band Tiamat. The original Tiamat band, as Edlund points out, will go on, and Lucyfire is the place for all the tracks that don't suit Tiamat.

Lucyfire's only album so far, This Dollar Saved My Life At Whitehorse, is contrary to Tiamat's style, being mostly straightforward rock music with lyrics about the frequently quoted subject matter of wine, women and song.

After releasing two new demo songs in early 2010 and looking to release their second album later in the year, Johan Edlund decided to disband Lucyfire for the foreseeable future.  One of the demo songs, titled "Thunder and Lightning", was included on the latest Tiamat album, The Scarred People.

The Scarred People
The Scarred People is the tenth studio album by Swedish gothic metal band Tiamat. The album was released on November 2, 2012 through Napalm Records in digital download, CD and limited edition vinyl formats.
Geography of Queensland
The geography of Queensland in the north-east of Australia, is varied. It includes tropical islands, sandy beaches, flat river plains that flood after monsoon rains, tracts of rough, elevated terrain, dry deserts, rich agricultural belts and densely populated urban areas.

The total land mass of Queensland covers 22.5% of the Australian continent, an area of 1,729,742 square kilometres, making it the second largest state in Australia. The total length of Queensland's mainland coastline is 6,973 km (4,333 mi) with another 6,374 km (3,961 mi) of island coastline. A unique geographical feature of the state is the Great Barrier Reef, an important tourist drawcard.  The Tropic of Capricorn crosses the state with about half of Queensland's area located to the north of the line.

Stanthorpe, Queensland
Stanthorpe is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Stanthorpe had a population of 5,286 people.

The area surrounding the town is known as the Granite Belt.
1835 in birding and ornithology
.

The Beagle lands at the Galápagos Islands and Charles Darwin collects the finches which bear his name.

Carl Jakob Sundevall develops a phylogeny for the birds in Lärobok i zoologien (Handbook of Zoology). This is based on the muscles of the hip and leg.

Frédéric de Lafresnaye describes the magpie mannikin and the cactus wren in Revue et magasin de zoologie (founded by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville.

Death of Alexander Collie

Death of Carl Wilhelm Hahn

Alexander von Nordmann describes spotted redshank in Reise um die erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden oceane in den jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt

1835-1839 Philip Barker Webb, Sabin Berthelot and Alfred Moquin-Tandon begin  L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries published in Paris

Charles Thorold Wood publishes The Ornithological Guide

Thomas Barwick Lloyd Baker publishes An Ornithological Index

Carl Wilhelm Hahn
Carl Wilhelm Hahn (Lat. Carolus Guilielmus Hahn, 16 December 1786 – 7 November 1835) was a German zoologist and author of the first German monograph on spiders. C. W. Hahn was an all-round natural scientist – not at all unusual for his time. Surprisingly, he seems to have been almost forgotten. Even the few biographical dates that have been published in secondary literature are not always correct as clarified by P. Sacher in his "attempt at a Biography".
Costello van Steenis
Costello van Steenis (born 26 July 1992) is a Dutch-Spanish professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the middleweight division of the PFL, where he is the current and inaugural PFL Middleweight World Champion. Van Steenis has been a professional MMA fighter since 2014 and has previously competed in Bellator MMA. As of January 27, 2026, he is #4 in the PFL men's pound-for-pound rankings.

In August 2025, he reached No. 7 in the middleweight rankings according to Fight Matrix.

PFL Rankings
Professional Fighter League (PFL) rankings, which were introduced in January 2026, are generated by a voting panel made up of media members. These media members are asked to vote for whom they feel are the top fighters in the PFL by weight class and pound-for-pound. A fighter is only eligible to be voted on if they are of active status in the PFL. A fighter can appear in more than one weight division at a time. The champion and interim champion are considered to be in top positions of their respective divisions and therefore are not eligible for voting by weight class. However, the champions can be voted on for the pound-for-pound rankings.
Alex Riley
Kevin Robert Kiley Jr. (born April 28, 1981) is an American former professional wrestler and commentator. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, under the ring name Alex Riley, where he was a participant in the second season of NXT.

WWE Main Event
WWE Main Event is an American professional wrestling streaming television program produced by WWE. Premiering on October 3, 2012, the hour-long program features mid-to-low-card wrestlers from WWE's main roster, while also occasionally featuring wrestlers from the NXT developmental brand. As of January 8, 2026, Main Event streams on YouTube in the United States.

Main Event is currently taped on Friday nights prior to WWE SmackDown. Episodes generally feature two matches (typically one men's match and one women's match). The program was initially carried by Ion Television until April 2014. It is also carried by WWE's international television partners.
Clayhall (ward)
Clayhall is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Redbridge. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns three councillors to Redbridge London Borough Council.

Redbridge London Borough Council
Redbridge London Borough Council, also known as Redbridge Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Redbridge in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2014. The council meets at Redbridge Town Hall in Ilford and has its main offices nearby at Lynton House.