hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Spicewood
USS Spicewood (AN-53/YN-72) was an Ailanthus-class net laying ship which served with the U.S. Navy in the South Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II.  Her career was without major incident, and she returned home after the war bearing one battle star to her credit.

Net laying ship
A net laying ship, also known as a net layer, net tender, gate ship or boom defence vessel was a type of naval auxiliary ship.

A net layer's primary function was to lay and maintain steel anti-submarine nets or anti torpedo nets. Nets could be laid around an individual ship at anchor, or harbor entrances or dry docks, or other anchorages. Net laying was potentially dangerous work, and net laying seamen were experts at dealing with blocks, tackles, knots and splicing. As World War II progressed, net layers were pressed into a variety of additional roles including salvage, troop and cargo transport, buoy maintenance, and service as tugboats. Many of the ships were decommissioned after the war, but some continued in service for several more decades.

Net layers were eventually made redundant by advances in underwater detection technology.
Biomolecular Object Network Databank
NCBThe Biomolecular Object Network Databank  is a bioinformatics databank containing information on small molecule structures and interactions. The databank integrates a number of existing databases to provide a comprehensive overview of the information currently available for a given molecule.

National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper.

The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics.
Baliar Kalan
Baliar kalan is a village in Rewari district and Gurgaon division in the state of Haryana, India.  It is less populated village with a subtotal of 110 houses and the gram panchayat of village mudiakhera is also combined with Baliar kalan. Dharuhera is the nearest town to Baliar kalan and national highway 8 and 71 are also at short distance from it.

Rewari district
Rewari district is one of the 22 districts in the state of Haryana, India. It was carved out of Gurgaon district by the Government of Haryana on 1 November 1989. It is also part of the National Capital Region. The administrative headquarter of the district is the city of Rewari, which is also the biggest city in the district. In medieval times, it was an important market town. It is located in southern Haryana. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Haryana after Panchkula.
HD 73267
HD 73267 is a star in the southern constellation Pyxis, near the western constellation border with Puppis. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.889 and can be viewed with a small telescope. The distance to HD 73267 is 164 light years based on parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +51.8 km/s. It has an absolute magnitude of 5.24.

This object is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G5V. It is roughly eight billion years old with a near-solar metallicity and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 1.65 km/s, giving it a rotation period of around 33 days. The star has 90% of the mass and size of the Sun. It is radiating 78% of the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5387 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Plicatura
Plicatura is a fungal genus in the order Agaricales. It is incertae sedis with respect to familial placement within the order, although Kirk and colleagues (Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edition, 2008) consider it likely aligned with either the Amylocorticiaceae or the Tricholomataceae. The genus, circumscribed by Charles Horton Peck in 1872, contains the single species Plicatura nivea (synonymous with Plicatura alni Peck 1872).

Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus).
Rudolf Hommes Rodríguez
Rudolf Hommes Rodríguez (born 6 December 1943) is a Colombian economist and politician who served as Minister of Finance and Public Credit under the administration of President César Gaviria, introducing various liberal policies in Colombia's Economy. He is also a regular columnist on various Colombian media outlets, focusing primarily on finances.

Hommes attended California State University, Sacramento, where he received a BBA, a BSc, and an MBA; he also received a PhD in Management from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and has been a professor of finance, statistics, economics, and decision theory at the University of the Andes.

Ministry of Finance and Public Credit
The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda y Crédito Público), is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for the financial and budgetary matters of the country as well as implementing the financial policies passed by Congress, equivalent to the finance ministries of other countries.

The Ministry was created on 18 July 1923 by fusing together the existing Ministries of Finance and of the Treasury.

The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.
United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.

Salem City FC
Salem City FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Bermuda Run, North Carolina that fields a men's team in USL League Two, and a women's team as the North Carolina Fusion in the USL W League. The teams plays their home games at the Truist Sports Park.
TrønderBilene
TrønderBilene AS is a bus company operating in Trøndelag, Norway. As of 2009, it has 324 employees and 238 buses, and is owned by Torghatten ASA. The company operates both coach, bus, charter and school routes, as well as some truck and garage services. The areas of operation are Innherred, Namdalen, Fosen, Hitra and Frøya. TrønderBilene runs three town bus services: Buster in Steinkjer, Blåmann in Levanger and Verdalsøra, and Elgen in Namsos. The coach service from Namsos to Trondheim is part of NOR-WAY Bussekspress.

The company was founded in 1920 as the county-owned Fylkesbilene i Nord-Trøndelag (FBNT), when the county took over four bus companies. In 1998, the company changed its name and was converted to a limited company. The following year, the county council sold a majority share.

Frøya (island)
Frøya is an island in Frøya Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The 152-square-kilometre (59 sq mi) island makes up about 63% of the land area of Frøya Municipality. The island lies in a large archipelago of islands in the Frøyhavet sea, just northwest of the entrance to the Trondheimsfjorden. The Frøyfjorden lies to the south of the island and separates it from the large island of Hitra.

The island is rocky with heather-covered moorland as well as marshes and lakes. There are no naturally forested areas on the island. The highest point on the island is Besselvassheia, at 76 metres (249 ft) above sea level. The southern and eastern coasts are relatively smooth, but the northern coast is very jagged with many fjords and coves. Sletringen Lighthouse lies at the southwestern tip of the island.

The island is connected via the Frøya Tunnel to the neighboring island of Hitra. The island of Hitra is then connected to the mainland by the Hitra Tunnel.
M. P. de Z. Siriwardena
Michael Paul de Zoysa Siriwardena (6 September 1906 – 15 October 1978) was a Ceylonese politician. He was a Cabinet Minister and Chief Government Whip. He served as Member of Parliament from the Minuwangoda from 1960 to 1977.

Siriwardena was elected to Parliament from the Minuwangoda Electoral District in the Parliamentary elections in March 1960 from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party retaining the seat in the subsequent elections in July that year. He was appointed as the Minister of Labour and Nationalised Services in 1960 and served until 1963, when he was appointed Minister of Public Works and Post. In 1964 he was appointed Chief Government Whip. He was re-elected in the Parliamentary elections in 1965 and Parliamentary elections in 1970.

He was a cousin of Stanley de Zoysa, Minister of Finance.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Nadodi Pattukkaran
Nadodi Pattukkaran (transl. Nomad singer) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by N. K. Viswanathan. The film stars Karthik and Mohini. The film, scripted and produced by Sangili Murugan, was released on 15 May 1992.

N. K. Viswanathan
N. K. Viswanathan (died 25 March 2017) was an Indian film director and cinematographer who has worked on Tamil films. After beginning his career working as a cinematographer for Tamil films during the 1980s, he branched into film direction and made commercially successful films during the 1990s.
Alexandre Rousselet
Alexandre Rousselet (born 29 January 1977) is a French cross-country skier who has competed since 1998. His best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 19th in the 15 km event at Turin in 2006.

Rousselet's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the 4 × 10 km relay at Sapporo in 2007 while his best individual finish was 25th in the 15 km event in 2005.

His best individual career finish was fourth in a 15 km + 15 km double pursuit FIS race in France in 2006 while his best individual World Cup finish was eighth in a 30 km event in Italy, also in 2006.

Rousselet was born in Pontarlier, Doubs.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
David Davies (Independent minister and magazine editor)
David Davies (died 1807) was a Welsh Independent minister, and editor of 'Y Geirgrawn'. He is thought to have grown up in the Llanybydder area, Carmarthenshire. He is known to have been studying at the Academy in Swansea in 1786. By 1787 however, he was ordained and pastor of the church at Pen-y-Graig and of Capel Sul, Kidwelly. He subsequently (about 1790) moved to Holywell, where he stayed until 1800. It was there he published his radical magazine 'Y Geirgrawn' (nine numbers, Feb — Oct 1796). Its controversial views are known to have caused upset amongst the authorities and his congregation, to the extent that surviving letters on the subject speak of ‘unhappy misunderstandings’ which ‘went on for years’. On leaving Holywell in 1802 he moved to Welshpool, and then, in 1803 to Stoneway, Bridgnorth.

He died in 1807, and was buried in Bridgnorth chapel.

Kidwelly
Kidwelly (Welsh: Cydweli) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, southwest Wales, approximately 7 miles (11 km) northwest of the most populous town in the county, Llanelli. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 3,689.

It lies on the River Gwendraeth above Carmarthen Bay. The community includes Mynyddgarreg and Llangadog.
Battle of Montemurlo
On 1 or 2 August 1537 (both dates are given in sources), near the Tuscan village of Montemurlo, the forces of the newly installed Duke Cosimo I of Florence defeated a hastily organized army of those who wished to overthrow the Medici and restore the Republic of Florence.  Following the battle, Cosimo's bloody vengeance on all those who opposed Medici rule effectively ended organized opposition to his family in Florence.  The victory led to the decision of Emperor Charles V to formally recognize Cosimo as Duke of Florence on 30 September 1537.

Duke of the Florentine Republic
The Duca della Repubblica Fiorentina, rendered in English as Duke of the Florentine Republic or Duke of the Republic of Florence, was a title created in 1532 by Pope Clement VII for the Medici family (his own family), which ruled the Republic of Florence. There were effectively only two dukes of the Republic of Florence, Alessandro de' Medici and Cosimo de' Medici, the second duke being elevated to Grand Duke of Tuscany, causing the Florentine title to become subordinate to the greater Tuscan title.
Deaths in October 2008
The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2008.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Richard Blackwell
Richard Blackwell (August 29, 1922 – October 19, 2008), also known as Mr. Blackwell, was an American fashion critic, journalist, television and radio personality, artist, former child actor, and former fashion designer. He was the creator of the "Ten Worst Dressed Women List", an annual awards presentation he unveiled in January of each year. He published the "Fabulous Fashion Independents" list and an annual Academy Awards fashion review, both of which receive somewhat less media attention. His partner of 60 years, Beverly Hills hairdresser Robert L. Spencer, was also his manager. He wrote two books, Mr. Blackwell: 30 Years of Fashion Fiascos and an autobiography, From Rags to Bitches.
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Hereditary elliptocytosis, also known as ovalocytosis, is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of the person's red blood cells are elliptical rather than the typical biconcave disc shape. Such morphologically distinctive erythrocytes are sometimes referred to as elliptocytes or ovalocytes. It is one of many red-cell membrane defects. In its severe forms, this disorder predisposes to haemolytic anaemia. Although pathological in humans, elliptocytosis is normal in camelids.

Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic (or clinically silent) is an adjective categorising the medical conditions (i.e., injuries or diseases) that patients carry but without experiencing their symptoms, despite an explicit diagnosis (e.g., a positive medical test).

Pre-symptomatic is the adjective categorising the time periods during which the medical conditions are asymptomatic.

Subclinical and paucisymptomatic are other adjectives categorising either the asymptomatic infections (i.e., subclinical infections), or the psychosomatic illnesses and mental disorders expressing a subset of symptoms but not the entire set an explicit medical diagnosis requires.
Isentropic expansion waves
In fluid dynamics, isentropic expansion waves are created when a supersonic flow is redirected along a curved surface. These waves are studied to obtain a relation between deflection angle and Mach number. Each wave in this case is a Mach wave, so it is at an angle  where M is the Mach number immediately before the wave. Expansion waves are divergent because as the flow expands the value of Mach number increases, thereby decreasing the Mach angle.

In an isentropic wave, the speed changes from v to v + dv, with deflection dθ. We have oriented the coordinate system orthogonal to the wave. We write the basic equations (continuity, momentum and the first and second laws of thermodynamics) for this infinitesimal control volume.

Mach wave
In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave, also known as a weak discontinuity, is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow. These weak waves can combine in supersonic flow to become a shock wave if sufficient Mach waves are present at any location. Such a shock wave is called a Mach stem or Mach front. Thus, it is possible to have shockless compression or expansion in a supersonic flow by having the production of Mach waves sufficiently spaced (cf. isentropic compression in supersonic flows). A Mach wave is the weak limit of an oblique shock wave where time averages of flow quantities don't change (a normal shock is the other limit). If the size of the object moving at the speed of sound is near 0, then this domain of influence of the wave is called a Mach cone.
Rytidosperma bipartitum
Rytidosperma bipartitum, the leafy wallaby grass, is a perennial species of grass found in south eastern Australia. Usually found on the heavier clay or on loamy soils in open eucalyptus woodland. The habit is somewhat variable, erect and densely tufted. The grass may grow up to 0.7 m (2 ft 4 in) tall.

Spikelet
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical  arrangement of the inflorescences of grasses, sedges and some other monocots.

Each spikelet has one or more florets.: 12  The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.: 13
6th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards
The 6th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards, presented by AARP the Magazine, honored films released in 2006 made by people over the age of 50. The ceremony was held at the Hotel Bel-Air in Los Angeles on February 6, 2007. Alan Arkin won the inaugural Career Achievement Award, and Terry Bradshaw won the award for Breakaway Accomplishment for his performance in Failure to Launch.

This was the first year to feature five nominees in the Best Actress category, and the last year in which candidates were not nominated for Supporting Actor or Supporting Actress.

Hotel Bel-Air
The Hotel Bel-Air is a boutique hotel located in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California. The hotel is one of the nine luxury hotels operated by the Dorchester Collection, which is owned by the Brunei Investment Agency (BIA). The hotel has a total of 103 rooms, 45 of which are suites. The Bel-Air hotel has an overall old Hollywood style and is surrounded by 12 acres (4.9 ha) of gardens in the Bel-Air Estates neighborhood.

Located just outside Beverly Hills and Westwood, Hotel Bel-Air has regularly housed notable guests and celebrities including Elizabeth Taylor, Robert Wagner, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Lauren Bacall, Paul Newman, Robert Redford, Jimmy Stewart, Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly, who frequented the hotel so regularly she had a suite named after her. Hotel Bel-Air was also the setting for Marilyn Monroe's last Vogue magazine shoot, six weeks before her death.
N. R. Raghunanthan
N. R. Raghunanthan is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer. He has scored music for Tamil films.

NR Raghunanthan debuted as a music director in 2010 with Thenmerku Paruvakaatru directed by Seenu Ramasamy which met with critical acclaim and went on to win three National Film Awards at the 58th National Film Awards. His second film was Krishnaveni Panjaalai (2012). Meanwhile, he had also composed SR Prabhakaran's Sundarapandiyan and Seenu Ramasamy's Neerparavai in the same year, while the former was a commercial success, the latter was critically well received. He also worked for music director G. V. Prakash Kumar's debutant productional movie Madha Yaanai Koottam.

Seenu Ramasamy
Seenu Ramasamy (born 13 October 1973) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and poet who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is known for directing quality films like Thenmerku Paruvakaatru (2010), Neerparavai (2012), Dharma Durai (2016), and Maamanithan (2022).