hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kromskoy (inhabited locality)
Kromskoy (Russian: Кромской; masculine), Kromskaya (Кромская; feminine), or Kromskoye (Кромское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Kromskoy (rural locality), a settlement in Bolshekolchevsky Selsoviet of Kromskoy District of Oryol Oblast

Kromskaya, Kursk Oblast, a village in Kromskoy Selsoviet of Fatezhsky District of Kursk Oblast

Kromskaya, Oryol Oblast, a village in Topkovsky Selsoviet of Pokrovsky District of Oryol Oblast

Kromskoy District
Kromskoy District (Russian: Кромской райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Oryol Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 969 square kilometers (374 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kromy. Population: 21,346 (2010 Census);  24,400 (2002 Census); 24,825 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kromy accounts for 31.5% of the district's total population.
Reece High School
Reece High School is a government co-educational comprehensive secondary school located in Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. Established in 1955, the school caters for approximately 450 students from Years 7 to 12 and is administered by the Tasmanian Department of Education.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Eitzen Chemical
Eitzen Chemical is an international shipping company that owns 72, commercial manages additional 12 and has 31 newbuilding chemical tankers. It is the third largest chemical tanker operator by number of vessels in the world.

Commercial management
Commercial management, also known as commercial administration,  is the oversight, direction, and development of commercial activities and interests that aim to accelerate and enhance value creation through market-based interactions. These interactions include the exchange of goods, services, and other valuable assets, which constitute the foundation for all revenue-generating and profit-driven endeavors. It also entails minimizing risks and controlling costs effectively to ensure sustainable growth. In other words, commercial management is concerned with the identification and development of opportunities for generating revenue streams, coupled with the profitable management and execution of operations, projects, and contractual obligations.
Mariyam Sultana Noohani
Mariyam Sultana Noohani (Sindhi: مريم سلطانا نوحاڻي)  (19 June 1932 – 25 November 2014) was an educationist and academic leader of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. She headed All Pakistan Women's Association and the Federation of Pakistan Women Organisation.  She imparted education and training especially to the girls and apprised them with the importance of schooling. She also remained associated with the Sindh Public Service Commission and the Sindh University as a subject expert. She served as director of college education of Hyderabad Region. She is popularly known as "Apa Mariyam Noohani". She was awarded title of Ummul Kalam Apa Mariyam due to her services towards education of the people of Sindh.

University of Sindh
The University of Sindh (Urdu: جامعہ سندھ; Sindhi: سنڌ يونيورسٽي; informally known as Sindh University) is a public research university located in the city of Jamshoro, in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is one of the oldest universities in Pakistan and was certified by ISO in 2015.

Founded in 1947 in Karachi, the university was relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, where it began to function as a full-fledged teaching university. The university is associated with four colleges of law and various other colleges. Sindh University is noted for its research in literature, natural sciences, philosophy, and Sindhology.
Lionel Chee
Lionel Chee (born 4 August 1931) is a Singaporean water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

He was given the honour of carrying the national flag of Singapore at the opening ceremony of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, becoming the eighth water polo player to be a flag bearer at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics.

Olympic Games ceremony
The Olympic Games ceremonies are events held at the Olympic Games since their beginning in the ancient Olympics, including the opening, closing, and medal ceremonies. Their purpose is to introduce and conclude the competition, award the successful competitors, and often to celebrate the culture and history of the hosting country. The ceremonies are integral to the Games and symbolize the international cooperation fostered in the Olympic sporting events.
Empire Airlines
Empire Airlines is a cargo and former passenger airline based in Hayden, Idaho, near Coeur d'Alene. It operates over 120 scheduled cargo flights a day in 18 US states and Canada. Empire also operated passenger service within Hawaii, under the name "Ohana by Hawaiian", between 2014 and 2021 in partnership with Hawaiian Airlines. Its main base is Coeur d'Alene Airport with a hub at Spokane International Airport.  The company slogan is We Can Do That.

Cessna 441 Conquest II
The Cessna 441 Conquest II is the first turboprop powered aircraft designed by Cessna and was meant to fill the gap between their jets and piston-engined aircraft. It was developed in November 1974, with the first aircraft delivered in September 1977. It is a pressurized, 8–9 passenger turbine development of the Cessna 404 Titan. The ICAO designator as used in flight plans is C441.
Black-naped fruit dove
The black-naped fruit dove (Ptilinopus melanospilus), also known as the black-headed fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to 24 cm (9.4 in) long, green fruit dove with yellowish bill and iris. The male has a pale grey head with a black nape, yellow throat, and golden yellow and pink undertail coverts. The plumage of the female and the young is entirely green.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Cydia ulicetana
Cydia ulicetana is a moth of the  family Tortricidae. It is native to western Europe, but was introduced to Hawaii.

The wingspan is 12–16 mm. Adults are on wing in May and in the south again from July to September in western Europe.

The larvae feed internally in the seedpods of various plants, including Ulex (such as Ulex europaeus) and Cytisus species.

Ulex
Ulex (commonly known as gorse, furze, or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to parts of western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia.

Gorse is closely related to the brooms, and like them, it has green stems, very small leaves and is adapted to dry growing conditions. However, it differs from the brooms in its extreme thorniness, the shoots being modified into branched thorns 1–4 centimetres (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 inches) long, which almost wholly replace the leaves as the plant's functioning photosynthetic organs. The leaves of young plants are trifoliate, but in mature plants, they are reduced to scales or small spines.  All the species have yellow flowers, generally showy, some with a very long flowering season.
Lindita (singer)
Lindita Halimi (born 24 March 1989), commonly known as simply LINDITA, is a Kosovo Albanian singer and songwriter who sings in both Albanian and English. She rose to fame after winning the sixth edition of Top Fest with "Ëndërroja".

In 2016, she participated in the fifteenth season of American Idol. In 2017, she represented Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "World", after winning Festivali i Këngës 55. Recognized for her powerful and versatile vocal delivery ranges from screaming to opera singing, Lindita has had collaborations with Stevie Wonder in 2013 and Valerie Simpson. She has also opened for the Backstreet Boys.

Screaming in music
Screaming is an extended vocal technique that is usually harsh, loud and aggressive. While a few other music genres have used screaming, it is especially popular in hardcore punk and extreme metal. Proper technique is required to scream safely, and some vocalists experience health issues due to improper screaming.
Helene Steed
Helene Steed is an Irish Anglican priest: she was Archdeacon of Clogher from 2014 to 2016.

Steed was born in Sweden in 1970; educated at Uppsala University; and ordained in 1996. After a curacy at Stora Mellby she was Team Vicar of Essunga. Moving to Ireland, she was Dean's Vicar at Cork Cathedral from 2004 to 2008. After that she was the incumbent at Clones, County Monaghan until her appointment as Archdeacon. Since 2016 she has been at St Mark's Church, Dundela.

Essunga Municipality
Essunga Municipality (Swedish: Essunga kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Nossebro.

The 1952 municipal reform in Sweden saw the creation of Essunga Municipality out of eight original entities. In 1974 it was dissolved and part of Vara Municipality until 1983, when it was reestablished within the boundaries of 1952. The village of Essunga is a minor settlement just east of Nossebro.
Malaysia at the 2017 SEA Games
Malaysia participated in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games from 14 to 30 August 2017 as the host nation of the 29th edition of the Games. The Malaysian contingent was represented by 844 athletes consisting of 469 men and 375 women.

The Malaysian contingent became overall Southeast Asian Games champion for only the second time ever in the history of the games amassing a total of 145 gold medals more than the targeted figure of 111 gold medals.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.
Ashley Howard (basketball)
Ashley Howard is an American college basketball coach, currently serving as an assistant coach at Villanova University, in his second stint with the program. He was the head men's basketball coach at La Salle University, a position he held from 2018 to 2022.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Almquist
Almquist is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ansgar Almquist (1889–1973), Swedish sculptor

Bengt Idestam-Almquist (1895–1983), Swedish screenwriter

Carl Almquist (1848–1924), Swedish stained-glass artist who worked in Britain

Don Almquist (1929–2022), American painter and illustrator

Edgar “Ed” Almquist (1921–2015), American automotive engineer, manufacturer, inventor

Erik Viktor Almquist (1817–1872), Swedish politician

Harold V. Almquist (1904–1994), American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach

John O. Almquist (1921–2015), American agricultural scientist, inventor of artificial insemination

Theodore C. Almquist (1941–2010), American Air Force Brigadier General

Wallace E. Almquist (1922–2022), American petroleum engineer & inventor

Bengt Idestam-Almquist
Bengt Idestam-Almquist (9 September 1895 – 16 September 1983) was a Swedish screenwriter, critic and film historian. The Swedish Film Institute calls him the "father of Swedish film criticism". At the 3rd Guldbagge Awards he won a Special Achievement award. He was a member of the jury at the 15th Venice International Film Festival in 1954.

Idestam-Almquist, who was the son of a Riksvensk father and a Swedish-speaking Finn mother, was born in Turku, Finland, and grew up in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire. He later fled to Sweden with his family during the February Revolution and studied art history in Uppsala. His fascination with film came after watching a silent film with a benshi while serving the Red Cross in Asia. He was the first cousin of Dag Hammarskjöld.

He was awarded the Illis quorum in 1983.
Hapowal
Hapowal is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) away from postal head office Banga, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Nawanshahr, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, and 107 kilometres (66 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch, an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Stone carving in Odisha
Stone carving in Odisha is the ancient practice of sculpting stone into art and utilitarian objects. It is an ancient practice in the Indian state of Odisha. Stone carving is practiced by artisans mainly in Puri, Bhubaneswar and Lalitgiri in the Cuttack district, though some carvings can be found in Khiching in the Mayurbhanj District. Stone carving is one of the major handcrafts of Odisha. The art form primarily consists of custom carved works, with the Sun Temple of Konark and its intricate sculpture and delicate carvings on the red vivid sandstone exemplifying the practice. Other noteworthy monuments include the Stupas of Udayagiri and Ratnagiri and the temples at Jagannath, Lingaraj, Mukteshwar and as well as other temples in the region.

Lalitagiri
Lalitagiri (Odia: ଲଳିତଗିରି) (also known as Nalitagiri) is a major Buddhist complex in the Cuttack district in the Indian state of Odisha. The complex is home to stupas, 'esoteric' Buddha images, and monasteries (viharas), which is the oldest site in the region. Significant finds at this complex include Buddha's relics. Tantric Buddhism was practiced at this site.

Together with the Ratnagiri and Udayagiri sites a short distance away, Lalitagiri is part of the "Diamond Triangle" of Buddhist sites.  It used to be thought that one or all of these were the large Pushpagiri Vihara known from ancient records, but this has now convincingly located at a different site.
Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei season 4
The fourth season of  German television series Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei aired between October 1, 1998, and May 6, 1999. It follows a two-man team of Autobahnpolizei (highway police) in the area of Berlin.

Alarm for Cobra 11 – The Highway Police
Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei (German pronunciation: [aˈlaʁm fyːɐ̯ ˌkoːbʁaː ˈʔɛlf diː ˈʔaʊtobaːnpoliˌtsaɪ]; Alarm for Cobra 11 – The Highway Police) is a long-running, popular German television series about a two-man team of highway police (Autobahnpolizei), originally set in Berlin and since 1999 in the area of Cologne. The series is internationally distributed by Fremantle and has been broadcast in 120 countries worldwide.

The last regular episode "Das Team" aired on 12 August 2021. In an interview, main star Erdoğan Atalay blamed the stoppage on the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the series returned in the form of 90-minute TV movies.
Carte Românească de Învățătură
Carte Românească de Învățătură (Romanian Book of Learning) is the original title of two 17th-century Romanian books, both commissioned by Prince Vasile Lupu of Moldavia and printed in Iași.

Cazania lui Varlaam (The Homiliary of Varlaam), a collection of homilies compiled by Metropolitan Varlaam of Moldavia, published in 1643

Pravila lui Vasile Lupu (The Code of Vasile Lupu), a code of law, printed in 1646

Vasile Lupu
Lupu Coci, known as Vasile Lupu (Romanian pronunciation: [vaˈsile ˈlupu]; 1595 – 1661), was the voivode of Moldavia between 1634 and 1653. He was of Albanian and Greek origin. Lupu had secured the Moldavian throne in 1634 after a series of complicated intrigues and managed to hold it for twenty years. Vasile was a capable administrator and a brilliant financier and was soon almost the richest man in the Christian East. His gifts to Ottoman leaders kept him on good terms with the Ottoman authorities.
Andy Gibson (singer)
Andy Gibson (born September 15, 1981) is an American country music singer.  He co-wrote "Don't You Wanna Stay", a duet between Jason Aldean and Kelly Clarkson which reached No. 1 on the country music charts in 2011. Later in the year, he signed to R&J Records and released his debut single, "Wanna Make You Love Me". Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song four stars out of five, saying that it "begin[s] gathering attention after frequent listens." The song has been made into a music video directed by David McClister, which has aired on CMT. Gibson moved to Curb Records in April 2012 following the closure of R&J, although some R&J staff continued promotion of "Wanna Make You Love Me". Gibson's first Curb single, "Summer Back", entered the charts in late 2012.

Curb Records
Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb, originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.
Toomas Sulling
Toomas Sulling (born 15 February 1940, in Tallinn) is an Estonian cardiovascular surgeon specializing in coronary artery bypass grafting. He is considered as the pioneer of coronary artery bypass surgery in Estonia.

In 1964 he graduated from the University of Tartu.

From 1979 to 1987 he was the head of cardiology and coronary surgery department of General and Molecular Pathology Institute.

From 1987 to 1995 he was the director of the Estonian Heart Centre (Estonian: Eesti Südamekeskus). In 1995, he became the head of the Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery at Mustamäe Hospital (now North Estonia Medical Centre).

In 1999, he was voted one of the 100 greatest Estonians of the 20th century.

In 2001, president Lennart Meri awarded him the Order of the Estonian Red Cross, 1st class.

Order of the Estonian Red Cross
The Order of the Estonian Red Cross (Estonian: Eesti Punase Risti teenetemärk; French: Ordre de la Croix-Rouge Estonienne) was instituted in 1920 by the Estonian Red Cross Society. The Order of the Estonian Red Cross is bestowed in order to give recognition for humanitarian services rendered in the interests of the Estonian people and for the saving of life.
Robert de Toni, 1st Baron Toni
Robert de Toni, 1st Baron Toni  (died 1309), Lord of Flamstead, Kirtling, and Maud Castle was an English noble. He fought in the wars in Gascony and Scotland. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

Kirtling
Kirtling, together with Kirtling Green and Kirtling Towers, is a scattered settlement in the south-eastern edge of the English county of Cambridgeshire. It forms a civil parish with the nearby village of Upend to its north. The population of the settlement is included in the civil parish of Woodditton.
2027 British & Irish Lions Women's tour to New Zealand
The 2027 British & Irish Lions Women's tour to New Zealand, known for sponsorship reasons as the Howden British & Irish Lions Women's Series, is a planned international women's rugby union tour of New Zealand scheduled for September 2027.

The British & Irish Lions Women, a team selected from players eligible to represent the women's national teams of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, will play a three-match test series against New Zealand, alongside one game against Black Ferns XV, and one against an Invitational XV.

Ireland women's national rugby union team
The Ireland women's national rugby union team represents Ireland in international women's rugby union competitions such as the Women's Six Nations Championship and the Women's Rugby World Cup. They have also represented Ireland in the FIRA Women's European Championship. Ireland won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. In 2013 they also achieved both a Triple Crown and Grand Slam. They finished fourth in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup after defeating New Zealand in the pool stages. Ireland hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. The team was part of the by the Irish Women's Rugby Football Union (IWRFU). In 2009, the women were taken on by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Real and nominal value
In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time. Real value takes into account inflation and the value of an asset in relation to its purchasing power. In macroeconomics, the real gross domestic product compensates for inflation so economists can exclude inflation from growth figures, and see how much an economy actually grows. Nominal GDP would include inflation, and thus be higher.

Goods and services
Goods are items that are usually (but not always) tangible, such as pens or pears. Services are activities provided by other people, such as teachers or barbers. Taken together, it is the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services which underpins all economic activity and trade. According to economic theory, consumption of goods and services is assumed to provide utility (satisfaction) to the consumer or end-user, although businesses also consume goods and services in the course of producing their own.
Maria Rogozińska
Maria Rogozińska née Leśniak (d. 12 January 1943 in Pilica) was a Polish farmer, living in the village of Wierbka near Pilica, together with her three-year-old son. She was murdered by the Germans for hiding Jews and was posthumously awarded the "Righteous Among the Nations" medal.

Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations (Hebrew: חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם ḥasidei ummot ha'olam) is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe all of the non-Jews who, out of altruism, risked their lives in order to save Jews from being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. The term originates from the concept of ger toshav, a legal term used to refer to non-Jewish observers of the Seven Laws of Noah.

Recent research has complicated dominant historical narratives about rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. The vast majority of rescue was enabled by the exchange of money, goods, or services, while many survivors concealed complicating facts in applications of Yad Vashem.