hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution of Jersey
The Bailiwick of Jersey has an unwritten constitution arising from the Treaty of Paris (1259). When Henry III and the King of France came to terms over the Duchy of Normandy, the Norman mainland fell under the suzerainty of the King of France. The Channel Islands, however, remained loyal to the British crown due to the loyalties of its Seigneurs. But they were never absorbed into the Kingdom of England by any Act of Union and exist as "peculiars of the Crown".

This peculiar political position has often been to the benefit of islanders. Until the 19th century, the island was generally exempt from the harsher parts of Westminster legislation, while being included in favourable policies, such as protectionist economic policies. England, and later the United Kingdom, passively exploited the strategic benefits of the Channel Islands. For example, they were able to serve as a convenient stop-off point for trade to Gascony.

Seigneur
A seigneur (French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. Seigneurialism was repealed in Acadia in 1733, France in 1789 and the Province of Canada in 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
Ray Harrison Graham
Ray Harrison Graham (born in Oxford, 1962) is an English playwright, screenwriter, and director from a Jamaican family.

Graham initially trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. He directed his first plays at the Pegasus Theatre (home of the Oxford Youth Theatre), in East Oxford, in his teens. He devised his first piece in 1982, entitled A Way Of Life, under the benevolent eye of the theatre manager there, Fred Ritchings. A further devised piece, Yop!, played to packed houses at the Pegasus Theatre in 1983.

Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
The Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, formerly the Webber Douglas School of Singing and Dramatic Art, was a drama school, and originally a singing school, in London. It was one of the leading drama schools in Britain, and offered comprehensive training for those intending to pursue a professional performance career.
Gala (magazine)
Gala is a French language weekly celebrity and women's magazine published in Paris, France. The magazine also has international editions in various languages.

On 21 November 2023, the magazine was sold to Groupe Figaro as part of Vivendi's efforts to obtain approval from the European Commission for the purchase of a controlling stake in Lagardère Group.

Groupe Figaro
Groupe Figaro (French: [ɡʁup fiɡaʁo]) is a French media conglomerate owned by Dassault Group. The company contains some of the core assets of the now extinguished Socpresse that Dassault purchased in 2006.  Dassault renamed its press holdings as "Groupe Figaro" in 2011.
Björnsdóttir
Björnsdóttir is an Icelandic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agusta Edda Bjornsdóttir (born 1977), Icelandic road racing cyclist

Anna Svanhildur Björnsdóttir (born 1948), Icelandic writer

Hansína Regína Björnsdóttir (1884–1973), Icelandic photographer

Guðrún Björnsdóttir (1853–1936), Icelandic politician

Selma Björnsdóttir (born 1974), Icelandic actress

Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir (born 1958), Icelandic actress

Anna Svanhildur Björnsdóttir
Anna Svanhildur Björnsdóttir (born 30 November 1948) is an Icelandic writer and educator.

She was born in Reykjavík and grew up there. She earned a teaching diploma in 1969 and moved to Hólmavík. Anna Svanhildur had two sons with her first husband. The couple later divorced; she moved to Snæfellsnes and then returned to Reykjavík. She married Einar Aðalsteinsson and had two more children with him; he died in 1998. She also taught in Húsavík.

In 1985, she began publishing poetry in various publications. Björnsdóttir published her first book of poetry Örugglega ég ("Definitely Me") in 1988. Her 2003 collection Mens solen stadig er fremme / Meðan sól er enn á lofti ("While the Sun is Still Up") appeared in a bilingual Icelandic/Danish format. Her poems have been translated into Danish, Swedish, French, German and English. She is a member of the group of poets known as "Ritlistarhópur Kópavogs".
2017 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 2017 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by third-year head coach Mike Riley and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They competed as members of the West Division of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 4–8, 3–6 in Big Ten play to finish in fifth place in the West Division.

At the conclusion of the regular season, head coach Mike Riley was fired. On December 2, the school hired UCF head coach and Nebraska alumnus Scott Frost as head coach.

2017 Big Ten Conference football season
The 2017 Big Ten conference football season is the 122nd season of college football play for the Big Ten Conference and is part of the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season.

This was the Big Ten's fourth season with 14 teams. The defending league champion was the 2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team. The 2017 season consisted of a nine–game conference schedule for the second year in a row.

Nebraska football coach Mike Riley was relieved from his position following the conclusion of Nebraska's 2017 season.

Ohio State defeated Wisconsin, 27–21, in the 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game. No Big Ten teams were selected for the 2017 College Football Playoff.
Cindy Forster
Cindy Forster (born c. 1953) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who represented the riding of Welland as an MPP from 2011 until 2018.

Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)
Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is the title of an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Ontario. Elsewhere in Canada, the titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" has also been used to refer to members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1791 to 1838, and to members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1955 to 1968.
Salhus Church
Salhus Church (Norwegian: Salhus kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Salhus neighborhood in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Salhus parish which is part of the Åsane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a long church design in 1924 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Landmark. The church seats about 320 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
TJ Rovinka
TJ Rovinka is a Slovak football team, based in the town of Rovinka. The club was founded in 1947. Rovinka played in a Super Cup at the start of the 2017–18 season, having won the Bratislava Cup the previous season. They lost to Czech side Tišnov 5–1, who had previously won the South Moravian Region Cup.

As an amateur side, Rovinka defeated Senica of the Slovak First Football League 3–2 in the third round of the 2020–21 Slovak Cup, causing an upset. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, amateur clubs were expelled from the competition before the next round, so Rovinka played no further part in the cup.

Rovinka won the 4. liga, Bratislava Region in the 2022–23 season, but refused to apply for a license to play in the third-tier league for the following season, thus remaining at the fourth level.

Upset (competition)
An upset occurs in a competition, frequently in electoral politics or sports, when the party popularly expected to win (the "favorite") is defeated by (or, in the case of sports, ties with) an underdog whom the majority expects to lose, defying the conventional wisdom. It is often used in reference to beating the betting odds in sports, or beating the opinion polls in electoral politics.
Alscot Park
Alscot Park is a Georgian country house in Preston on Stour, some 3 miles (5 km) south of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. It is Grade I listed and was built in a Rococo Gothic style for James West during the mid-18th century.

The house is built of limestone ashlar to a T-shaped plan with a hipped slate roof, and it has a two-storey frontage of 7 bays. It stands in 4,000 acres of park and farmland, which is Grade II listed and bisected by the River Stour. Several other associated buildings, such as stables and entrance lodges, are also listed. A number of former features of the estate – such as the pleasure grounds, an obelisk and a Chinese pavilion – have since been lost.

River Stour, Warwickshire
The River Stour rises in the county of Oxfordshire and largely flows through Warwickshire in England. It is a tributary of the Avon, which it joins just south west of Stratford-upon-Avon. It gives its name to the town of Shipston-on-Stour.

The source of the River Stour is a spring near Highways Farm, just south of Swalcliffe. Some 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west, it crosses the Oxfordshire/Warwickshire border near Traitor's Ford. The first settlement that the river flows through is the village of Stourton. The River Stour then turns to the north and passes through the town of Shipston-on-Stour. The A3400 road roughly follows the course of the river to Stratford-upon-Avon, through the villages of Tredington Halford, Alderminster, Newbold-on-Stour, Atherstone-on-Stour and Clifford Chambers.
Jagdgeschwader 104
Jagdgeschwader 104 (JG 104) was a Luftwaffe fighter-training-wing of World War II.

It was formed at Fürth-Herzogenaurach from Stab/Jagdfliegerschule 4 (JFS 4) on 20 March 1943. It was then stationed at Roth from 6 April 1944 until it was disbanded on 28 April 1945. Some of its commanding officers included Major Reinhard Seiler and Major Rolf Hermichen.

Rolf Hermichen
Rolf Hermichen (25 July 1918 – 23 May 2014) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.
Edemar Garcia
Eguerreiro Vata Garcia Edemar  (born 13 June 1986), simply known as Edemar Garcia, is an Australian footballer with Angolan descent.

He is the son of Angolan international player and former Gelora Dewata player Vata Matanu Garcia.

Deltras F.C.
Delta Raya Sidoarjo Football Club or Deltras FC is an Indonesian professional football club based in Sidoarjo, East Java. They play in the Championship. The club's home stadium is the Gelora Delta Stadium.
Wolanów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Wolanów [vɔˈlanuf] (Upper Sorbian: Wolanow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogatynia, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech and German borders.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Battle of Bab El Bekkouche
The Battle of Bab El Bekkouche during the Algerian War took place on 28 May 1958 in the region of Ouarsenis.

The French army had mobilized nearly 8,000 soldiers. Faced with this situation, the "katiba El karimia" of the Wilaya IV, commanded by Si Ameur Mesbah, had developed a plan to loosen the vise by targeting several military post colonies in Bordj Bounaama, Sidi Abed, Lardjem and Tamalaht, to disperse the French troops.

The French colonial army suffered heavy losses in this battle (600 deaths, including 33 officers and two aircraft destroyed). In the ranks of the National Liberation Army (NLA), 360 were killed. 240 civilians were also killed.

National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (Arabic: جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, romanized: Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; French: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
Hecataeus of Abdera
Hecataeus of Abdera (Greek: Ἑκαταῖος ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης; c. 360 BC – c. 290 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and ethnographer. None of his works survive; his writings are attested by later authors in various literary fragments, in particular his Aegyptica, a work on the society and culture of the Egyptians, and On the Hyperboreans. He is one of the authors (FGrHist 264) whose fragments were collected in Felix Jacoby's Fragmente der griechischen Historiker.

Historian John Dillery called Hecataeus "a figure of extraordinary importance for the study of Greek and non-Greek [cultures] in the Hellenistic period."

Felix Jacoby
Felix Jacoby (German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 19 March 1876 – 10 November 1959) was a German classicist and philologist. He is best known among classicists for his highly important work Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, a collection of text fragments of ancient Greek historians.
Anuv Jain
Anuv Jain is an Indian singer songwriter and composer. He is known for his simple chorded songs with lyrics that deal primarily with love and heartbreak. His music primarily contains an acoustic guitar or ukulele, unaccompanied by percussion or other instruments.

Considered among the most popular and streamed Indian indie artists, "Baarishein" (2018), "Alag Aasmaan" (2020), "Gul" (2021), "Husn" (2023) and "Jo Tum Mere Ho" (2024) are some of his best known works. "Husn" and "Jo Tum Mere Ho" charted at No.1 on Apple Music India and Spotify India charts for all genres. "Husn" also ranked among the most streamed Indian songs of 2024 on the year-end-charts of all the music streaming platforms. Anuv featured in the Forbes India's 30 Under 30 List of 2023.

Indian pop
Indian pop music, also known as Indi-pop or I-pop, refers to pop music produced in India that is independent from filmi soundtracks for Indian cinema. Indian pop is closely linked to Bollywood, Tollywood,  Pollywood, Kollywood and the Asian Underground scene of the United Kingdom. The variety of South Asian music from different countries are generally known as Desi music.
Thorneycroft carbine
The Thorneycroft carbine was one of the earliest bullpup rifles, developed by an English gunsmith in 1901 as patent No. 14,622 of July 18, 1901.  This bolt-action rifle featured a bullpup action in which the retracted bolt slid back through the stock nearly to the shooter's shoulder, maximising the space available in the body of the firearm.  The rifle was chambered in the contemporary .303 British  service cartridge, and held five rounds in an internal magazine.

The Thorneycroft was 7.5 in (190 mm) shorter and 10% lighter than the standard Lee–Enfield rifle used by the British military at the time.  However, when tested at Hythe the firearm exhibited excessive recoil and poor ergonomics, and was not adopted for military service.

.303 British
The .303 British (designated as the 303 British by the C.I.P. and SAAMI) or 7.7×56mmR, is a .303-inch (7.7 mm) calibre rimmed tapered bottleneck centerfire rifle cartridge. The .303-inch bore diameter is measured between rifling lands as is the common practice in Europe, which follows the traditional black powder convention.

It was first manufactured in Britain as a stop-gap black powder round put into service in December 1888 for the Lee–Metford rifle. From 1891, the cartridge used smokeless powder, which had been the intention from the outset, but the decision on which smokeless powder to adopt had been delayed. It was the standard British and Commonwealth military cartridge for rifles and machine guns from 1889 until it was replaced by the 7.62×51mm NATO in the 1950s.
This Is Our Science
This Is Our Science is the fourth solo studio album by American hip-hop artist Astronautalis. It was released via Fake Four Inc. on September 13, 2011. It peaked at number 44 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart. Music videos were created for "Contrails", "This Is Our Science", and "Dimitri Mendeleev".

Fake Four Inc.
Fake Four is an independent record label based in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded by brothers  Ceschi and David Ramos in 2008.

According to an interview with Ceschi on Ugsmag.com, the Ramos brothers started Fake Four with help from Grimm Image Records in San Bernardino, California and Squids Eye Recording Collective in Dayton, Ohio as an outlet to release and distribute their personal music projects and those of their friends. Since the initial release This Up Here by David Ramos, Fake Four Inc. has been a self-sufficient label.
Calisto Bassi
Calisto Bassi (beginning of the 19th century, in Cremona – c. 1860, in Abbiategrasso) was an Italian opera librettist.

Bassi wrote many original librettos and was also active as a translator into Italian of several librettos from other languages. For many years, he was also the stage director at La Scala in Milan.

Abbiategrasso
Abbiategrasso, formerly written Abbiate Grasso (local Lombard: Biegrass [bjeˈɡras]; Milanese: Biaa [ˈbjaː]), is a comune and town in the Metropolitan City of Milan, Lombardy, northern Italy, situated in the Po valley approximately 22 kilometres (14 miles) from Milan and 38 kilometres (24 miles) from Pavia.
HM Prison Oxford
HM Prison Oxford was a prison in Oxford Castle from 1888 until 1996. The castle had been used as a prison since the seventeenth century, but it only acquired the name HM Prison Oxford in the 1888 prison reforms.

In August 1972, prisoners staged a rooftop protest as part of the prison strike organised by Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners.

After its closure, the hotel chain Malmaison converted the former prison into a hotel which opened in 2005.

Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners
Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners (PROP) was a prisoners' rights organisation set up in the early 1970s in the United Kingdom, which organised more than one hundred prison demonstrations, strikes and protests.
Battles of Batangas
The Battles of Batangas (Filipino: Labanan sa Batangas, Spanish: Batalla de Batangas) were fought on October 23, 1896, in the towns of Lemery, Bayungyungan, Calaca, and Taal in Batangas province, Philippines. The Katipunan army of Batangas, under General Miguel Malvar, was formed by the elite class in the province. They attempted to destroy Spanish installations in the towns, but failed after the Spanish garrison at Taal, having breaking off the siege earlier in the battle, came in the aid of the besieged towns. The rebels then abandoned their attack and retreated back to the hills, but they managed to save its northern neighbor, the province of Cavite, from recapture by the afterwards much weakened Spanish troops about few weeks later.

Calaca, Batangas
Calaca, officially the City of Calaca (Filipino: Lungsod ng Calaca), is a component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 92,281 people.

Calaca is home to the lively Calacatchara festival (a portmanteau of Calaca and atchara (chutney).
2009 Sports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio
The 2009 Acura Sports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio was the sixth round of the 2009 American Le Mans Series season.  It took place at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, Lexington, Ohio on August 8, 2009.  Gil de Ferran and Simon Pagenaud won their fourth consecutive race, beating the Highcroft Racing Acura by 8.3 seconds.  After losing out at the previous round at Lime Rock Park, Fernández Racing Acura won the LMP2 category for the fifth time this season, ahead of class newcomer Team Cytosport's Porsche RS Spyder.  Flying Lizard Motorsports also continued their winning streak by claiming the GT2 class victory, beating the debuting revamped Corvette Racing Corvette C6.R.  Martin and Melanie Snow won the ALMS Challenge class by a gap of two laps over the second place Orbit Racing Porsche.

CytoSport
CytoSport is an American manufacturer of sports-oriented nutritional products, or "supplements" based in Benicia, California. It is a subsidiary of PepsiCo organized under the Gatorade line of products, and is primarily known for its line of Muscle Milk protein supplement products, primarily in the form of ready-to-drink beverages and powders. In Canada, the product is branded as Muscle Mlk, a modification required in Canada to avoid confusion with milk. CytoSport also formerly produced supplemental products under the Monster Milk and CytoMax brands.
Home of the Underdogs
Home of the Underdogs (often called HotU) is an abandonware archive founded by Sarinee Achavanuntakul, in October 1998.

Before shutting down the original version in 2009, the site provided reviews for over 5,300 games and offered downloads of software and manuals for a number of games that were no longer commercially available. This allowed it to be a valuable resource to players who lost the original discs or manuals. While a majority of games available on the site were for DOS or Microsoft Windows, the site also contained a section with games for other platforms. Where downloads for these games were provided, they were usually present in formats compatible with emulators. The site also had scans of several gamebook series, many of them complete. In addition to commercial titles, the site contained hundreds of freeware titles.

Gamebook
A gamebook is a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices. The narrative branches along various paths, typically through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages. Each narrative typically does not follow paragraphs in a linear or ordered fashion. Gamebooks are sometimes called choose your own adventure books or CYOA (after the influential Choose Your Own Adventure series originally published by US company Bantam Books) or pick-a-paths. Gamebooks influenced hypertext fiction.

Production of new gamebooks in the West decreased dramatically during the 1990s as choice-based stories have moved away from print-based media, although the format may be experiencing a resurgence on mobile and ebook platforms. Such digital gamebooks are considered interactive fiction or visual novels.