hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayor of San José, Costa Rica
The Mayor of San José is the general administrator and legal representative of the Municipality of San José, the capital of the Republic of Costa Rica and the largest and most populated municipality in the country. The position officially exists since the municipal reform of 1998 as part of the bipartisan agreements of the Figueres-Calderón Pact. Before this the municipalities were administered by a figure similar to a general manager appointed by the Municipal Council and called Municipal Executive, but after the reform this figure disappears replaced by the popularly elected mayor.

The longest serving person in the office has been Johnny Araya Monge of the National Liberation Party, who was previously municipal executive for several consecutive periods and who has served for more than 22 years (if the time he was a municipal executive) is included.

Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In other settings, politicians and office holders are appointed.

In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier council of a municipality and an upper-tier council of a regional district or municipality.
Tissue growth
Tissue growth is the biological process by which a tissue increases its size.  In animals, tissue growth occurs during embryonic development, post-natal growth, and tissue regeneration.  The fundamental cellular basis for tissue growth is the process of cell proliferation, which involves both cell growth and cell division occurring in parallel.

How cell proliferation is controlled during tissue growth to determine final tissue size is an open question in biology. Uncontrolled tissue growth is a cause of cancer.

Differential rates of cell proliferation within an organ can influence proportions, as can the orientation of cell divisions, and thus tissue growth contributes to shaping tissues along with other mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis.

YAP1
YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1), also known as YAP or YAP65, is a protein that acts as a transcription coregulator that promotes transcription of genes involved in cellular proliferation and suppressing apoptotic genes. YAP1 is a component in the hippo signaling pathway which regulates organ size, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. YAP1 was first identified by virtue of its ability to associate with the SH3 domain of Yes and Src protein tyrosine kinases. YAP1 is a potent oncogene, which is amplified in various human cancers.
Stefan Dörflinger
Stefan Dörflinger (born 23 December 1948 in Nagold, Germany) is a Swiss former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.

Dörflinger won four consecutive FIM road racing world championships. In 1982 and 1983, he was the 50 cc world champion. In 1984, the FIM increased the displacement capacity to 80 cc and Dörflinger would become the first ever 80 cc world champion. He successfully defended his title in 1985. His lengthy Grand Prix career spanned 18 seasons.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
Kamazo
Kamazo (Kamazau) is a suburb located in the Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, specifically within the Southern Kaduna State region in the Middle Belt. Kamazo has a postal code of 800104 which corresponds to the Rido district in Chikun LGA. It is equipped with Kamazo community health centre and also boasts the Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center. The postal code for the village is 800104. It is equipped with Kamazo community health centre and also boasts the Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center.

Community health center
A healthcare center, health center, or community health center is one of a network of clinics staffed by a group of general practitioners and nurses providing healthcare services to people in a certain area. Typical services covered are family practice and dental care, but some clinics have expanded greatly and can include internal medicine, pediatric, women's care, family planning, pharmacy, optometry, laboratory testing, and more. In countries with universal healthcare, most people use the healthcare centers. In countries without universal healthcare, the clients include the uninsured, underinsured, low-income or those living in areas where little access to primary health care is available. In Central and Eastern Europe, bigger health centers are commonly called policlinics (not to be confused with polyclinics).
The Mercury Press
The Mercury Press is a Canadian publishing company which publishes literary fiction, poetry, and non-fiction works by Canadians. Mercury has a substantial jazz list and has also published murder mysteries. Books published by Mercury have won or been shortlisted for awards including The Governor General's Award, The City of Toronto Book Award, and the Trillium Award.

Toronto Book Awards
The Toronto Book Awards are Canadian literary awards, presented annually by the City of Toronto government to the author of the year's best fiction or non-fiction book or books "that are evocative of Toronto". The award is presented in the fall of each year, with its advance promotional efforts including a series of readings by the nominated authors at each year's The Word on the Street festival.

Each author shortlisted for the award receives $2,000, and the winner or winners receive the balance of $20,000.

The award has frequently gone to multiple winners. 1987 was the first time in the history of the award that only a single winner was named.
HMS Parthian (1916)
HMS Parthian was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class destroyer, capable of higher speed. Launched on 3 July 1916, the ship was transferred to the Southwest Approaches during February 1917 to undertake anti-submarine and escort duties initially based from Cobh in Ireland. The vessel attacked a number of German U-boats that were sinking shipping in the area, and was part of the welcome for the first destroyers from the US Navy to serve in Europe during the war. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the ship was placed in reserve before being decommissioned and sold to be broken up on 8 November 1921.

Royal Navy during the First World War
The Royal Navy during the First World War entered the conflict as the world's most powerful fleet, maintaining British naval supremacy since the victory at Trafalgar in 1805. However, the war brought unprecedented challenges and setbacks for the Royal Navy. At the pivotal Battle of Jutland in 1916, the Navy suffered its first major fleet defeat since Trafalgar, shaking confidence in its unassailable dominance. The Royal Navy also faced serious difficulties countering the German U-boat threat, leading to heavy shipping losses and a critical failure to provide adequate convoys and escorts in the war’s early years. Strategic ambitions were further frustrated by the unsuccessful Dardanelles Campaign of 1915, an attempt to force open a sea route to Russia which ended in failure and heavy losses. Meanwhile, the conflict saw the advent of the airplane in naval warfare, introducing new reconnaissance and combat roles that began to reshape naval strategy and operations.
Nysius
Nysius is a genus of false chinch bugs in the family Lygaeidae. At least 100 described species are placed in Nysius.

Like other seed bugs, some species in the genus have proven to be crop pests of wheat and other grains (including N. huttoni), as well as many vegetables. A unique Hawaiian radiation of the genus contains almost a quarter of the world's species (26), as well as the most diverse character set seen in the genus. In addition, two closely related species (colloquially known as wēkiu bugs) found on Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea on the island of Hawai'i, are different from the rest of Nysius by exhibiting reduced nonfunctional wings, and feed on dead and dying insects (N. wekiuicola, N. aa ).

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Brykill Farm
Brykill Farm, originally just Brykill, is  a family-owned organic grass-fed beef ranch located on Bruynswick Road (Ulster County Route 7) in Gardiner, New York, United States. Formerly a country estate, its 180 acres (73 ha) have a panoramic view of the Shawangunks to the west.

First built as a small settler's home in 1724 and used as a court during the mid-19th century, it was expanded considerably in 1927 in a sympathetic style and material. In 1983 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It has been a ranch, with cottages for weekend visitors, since 2000.

Cattle feeding
There are different systems of feeding cattle in animal husbandry. For pastured animals, grass is usually the forage that composes the majority of their diet. In turn, this grass-fed approach is known for producing meat with distinct flavor profiles. Cattle reared in feedlots are fed hay supplemented with grain, soy and other ingredients to increase the energy density of the feed. The debate is whether cattle should be raised on fodder primarily composed of grass or a concentrate. The issue is complicated by the political interests and confusion between labels such as "free range", "organic", or "natural". Cattle raised on a primarily foraged diet are termed grass-fed or pasture-raised; for example meat or milk may be called grass-fed beef or pasture-raised dairy. The term "pasture-raised" can lead to confusion with the term "free range", which does not describe exactly what the animals eat.
Dharapuram Lok Sabha constituency
Dharapuram Lok Sabha constituency was No. 20 of 39 Lok Sabha constituencies in Madras State from 1967 to 1969. And it was in Tamil Nadu from 1969 till its abolition in 1977. It was in then Coimbatore district and parts of Madurai district. It lies in present-day Coimbatore district, Tiruppur district and Dindigul district.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
Testosterone–cortisol ratio
In human biology, the testosterone–cortisol ratio describes the ratio between testosterone, the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid, and cortisol, another steroid hormone, in the human body.

The ratio is often used as a biomarker of physiological stress in athletes during training, during athletic performance, and during recovery, and has been explored as a predictor of performance. At least among weight-lifters, the ratio tracks linearly with increases in training volume over the first year of training but the relationship breaks down after that.  A lower ratio in weight-lifters just prior to performance appears to predict better performance.

The ratio has been studied as a possible biomarker for criminal aggression, but as of 2009 its usefulness was uncertain.

Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids (typically made in the adrenal cortex, hence cortico-) and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads or placenta). Within those two classes are five types according to the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (both corticosteroids) and androgens, estrogens, and progestogens (sex steroids). Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. They have some of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor ligands.

Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand injury and illness. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.
War tourism
War tourism is recreational travel to active or former war zones for purposes of sightseeing or historical study.  The term may be used pejoratively to describe thrill-seeking in dangerous and forbidden places. In 1988, P. J. O'Rourke applied the pejorative meaning to war correspondents.

P. J. O'Rourke
Patrick Jake O'Rourke (November 14, 1947 – February 15, 2022) was an American author, journalist, and political satirist who wrote twenty-two books on subjects as diverse as politics, cars, etiquette, and economics. His books Parliament of Whores and Give War a Chance both reached No. 1 on The New York Times bestseller list.

After beginning his career writing for the National Lampoon, O'Rourke went on to serve as foreign affairs desk chief for Rolling Stone where he reported from far-flung places. Later he wrote for a number of publications, including The Atlantic, the Daily Beast, the Wall Street Journal, and the Weekly Standard, and was a longtime panelist on NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!.

The Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 states, "O'Rourke's original reporting, irreverent humor, and crackerjack writing makes for delectable reading. He never minces words or pulls his punches, whatever the subject."
Daylight saving time in Brazil
Brazil observed daylight saving time (DST) (called horário de verão – "summer time" – in Portuguese) in the years of 1931–1933, 1949–1953, 1963–1968 and 1985–2019. Initially it applied to the whole country, but from 1988 it applied only to part of the country, usually the southern regions, where DST is more useful due to a larger seasonal variation in daylight duration.

The most recent DST rule specified advancing the time by one hour during the period from 00:00 on the first Sunday in November to 00:00 on the third Sunday in February (postponed by one week if the latter fell on carnival), applicable only to the South, Southeast and Central-West regions. Brazil abolished DST in 2019.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Saurabh Netravalkar
Saurabh Naresh Netravalkar (born October 16, 1991) is an American cricketer and software engineer who plays for the United States team. He is a left-arm medium-fast bowler who represented the India under-19 team. He made his first-class debut for Mumbai in the 2013–14 Ranji Trophy on December 22, 2013. He made his List A debut on February 27, 2014, for Mumbai in the 2013–14 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

Netravalkar is presently working for Oracle, and is on a H-1B visa. According to his LinkedIn profile, he currently works for Oracle as a principal member of technical staff (PMTS).

2013–14 Ranji Trophy
The 2013–14 Ranji Trophy was the 80th season of the Ranji Trophy. It included the final match of Sachin Tendulkar's domestic career. The competition was won by Karnataka, who defeated Maharashtra in the final.
Amurri
Amurri is an Italian surname which is most prevalent in the eastern coastal region of Marche and is also to be found among the Argentinian and American Italian diaspora. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Amurri (1925–1992), Italian radio and television writer, author, and lyricist

Eva Amurri (born 1985), American actress, daughter of Franco

Franco Amurri (born 1958), Italian filmmaker and producer, father of Eva

Lorenzo Amurri (1971–2016), Italian musician and writer

Antonio Amurri
Antonio Amurri (28 June 1925 – 18 December 1992) was an Italian author, radio and television writer and lyricist.

Born  in Ancona, Amurri was author of some of the most popular RAI variety shows, such as Canzonissima, Gran Varietà, Fantastico and Studio Uno. He was also author of fourteen books, several of them best sellers, which were mainly collections of short stories consisting of satirical portraits of collapsing family groups.

Amurri was the father of the television writer Valentina Amurri and of the film director Franco Amurri; he was also the paternal grandfather of American actress Eva Amurri.
Haikara-San: Here Comes Miss Modern (film)
Haikara-San: Here Comes Miss Modern is a Japanese two-part animated romance film based on a manga series of the a same title written and illustrated by Waki Yamato. Part 1 was directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi and Part 2 by Seimei Kidokoro, while both films were written by Furuhashi, produced by Nippon Animation, and distributed by Warner Bros. Japan. The two-part film stars the voices of Saori Hayami and Mamoru Miyano. The first film, Part 1, was released in Japan on November 11, 2017, and the second film, Part 2, on October 19, 2018.

Mamoru Miyano
Mamoru Miyano (宮野 真守, Miyano Mamoru; born June 8, 1983) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is best known for his roles in Death Note, Steins;Gate, Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Durarara!!, Soul Eater, Wolf's Rain, Ouran High School Host Club, Ajin: Demi-Human, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Free!, Hunter x Hunter, Chihayafuru, Bungo Stray Dogs, Persona 5, Zombieland Saga, Fire Force, and Pluto. Nominated for the "Best Lead Actor Award" at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007 for his role as Light Yagami in Death Note, at the 2nd Seiyu Awards in 2008, he won the award for his role as Setsuna F. Seiei in Mobile Suit Gundam 00 and Hakugen Rikuson in Kōtetsu Sangokushi. That same year, he won the "Best Voice Actor" award at the 2008 Tokyo International Anime Fair. His debut single, "Kuon" (久遠; lit. Eternity), was released under King Records in 2007. In March 2009, his debut album, Break, was released.
Ashkbous
Ashkbous (Persian: اشکبوس) is a Keshanian hero in Shahnameh who fights with Iranians in the Battle of Kamous-e Kashani. In Bondari's translation of Shahnameh into Arabic, his name is given as Askbos. In the story of Kamous, Ashkbous first fights with Rohham and defeats him, but he himself was defeated and killed by Rostam who was fighting on foot without Rakhsh. The battle of Rostam and Ashkbous was a popular choice in Persian miniature. It has been suggested that Kashanians or Koshanians are related to Kushan Empire.

Shahrisabz
Shahrisabz, lit. "Green City" in Persian, is a district-level city in Qashqadaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan. The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) selected Shakhrisabz as its tourism capital for 2024.

It is located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand, at an elevation of 622 m. Its population is 140,500 as of 2021. Historically known as Kesh or Kish, Shahrisabz was once a major city of Central Asia and was an important urban center of Sogdiana, a province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. It is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th-century Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur.
Sinéad Millea
Sinéad Millea (born in Kilkenny) is a former camogie player for Kilkenny, winner of an All-Star award in 2004 and two All Ireland medals. She was honoured by inclusion in the University of Limericks' Sports Hall of Fame in 2013.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
African Internet Governance Forum
The African Internet Governance Forum (AfIGF) is a multistakeholder forum that facilitates dialogue on Internet governance issues. It is one of the 19 regional IGF initiatives and aims to address and discuss the issues of all 54 nations in Africa.

Internet governance
Internet governance is the effort by governments, the private sector, civil society, and technical actors to develop and apply shared principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures that shape the evolution and use of the Internet. This article describes how the Internet was and is currently governed, some inherent controversies, and ongoing debates regarding how and why the Internet should or should not be governed in the future. (Internet governance should not be confused with e-governance, which refers to governmental use of technology in its governing duties.)