hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perpich v. Department of Defense
Perpich v. Department of Defense, 496 U.S. 334 (1990), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court concerning the Militia Clauses of Article I, Section 8, of the United States Constitution, in which the court held that Congress may authorize members of the National Guard to be ordered to active federal duty for purposes of training outside the United States without either the consent of the governor of the affected state or the declaration of a national emergency. The plaintiff was Rudy Perpich, governor of Minnesota at the time.

In 1986, after governors George Deukmejian of California and Joseph E. Brennan of Maine refused to allow the deployment of their states' National Guard units to Central America for training, Congress passed the Montgomery Amendment, which prohibited state governors from withholding their consent. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis had also challenged the law, but lost in U.S. District Court in Boston in 1988.

Joseph E. Brennan
Joseph Edward Brennan (November 2, 1934 – April 5, 2024) was an American lawyer and politician from Maine. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 70th governor of Maine from 1979 to 1987 and in the United States House of Representatives for Maine's 1st congressional district from 1987 to 1991. Brennan was a commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission during the Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama administrations.
Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005
Albania was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Tomorrow I Go", composed by Adrian Hila, with lyrics by Pandi Laço, and performed by Ledina Çelo. The Albanian participating broadcaster, Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH), selected its entry through the national selection competition Festivali i Këngës in December 2004. This marked the second time that Albania participated in the contest since its debut in 2004. Due to the top 10 result in the previous contest, the nation automatically qualified for the grand final, which took place on 21 May 2005. In the final, it performed as number eight and placed 16th out of the 24 participating countries, scoring 53 points.

Pandi Laço
Pandi Laço (born 21 March 1964) is an Albanian journalist, songwriter, presenter and scenarist. He is mostly known for his work on Albanian Eurovision songs, of which he wrote several. Pandi has worked with notable Albanian artists, including Frederik Ndoci. He hosted Festivali i Këngës in 2015. Laço started his own show called Histori me Zhurmues (Stories with Jammers), a show for Albanian history in film and music.

He was a judge on the reality competition show The X Factor Albania from 2012 to 2015.
Styloid process
In anatomy, a styloid process (from Greek stylos (στῦλος), "pillar"), usually serving as points of attachment for muscles,  refers to the slender, pointed process (protrusion) of:

temporal bone of the skull - Temporal styloid process

radius bone of the lower arm - Radial styloid process

ulna bone of the lower arm - Ulnar styloid process

Third metacarpal - Third metacarpal styloid process

Tibia and Fibula - Tibial process, fibular process.

5th metatarsal of the foot - also known as the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

In botany, a styloid is a needle-shaped crystal of calcium oxalate found in some plants.  It is a form of raphide.

Process (anatomy)
In anatomy, a process (Latin: processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment and leverage (as in the case of the transverse and spinous processes), or to fit (forming a synovial joint), with another vertebra (as in the case of the articular processes). The word is also used at the microanatomic level, where cells can have processes such as cilia or pedicels. Depending on the tissue, processes may also be called by other terms, such as apophysis, tubercle, or protuberance.
Ricky Swallow
Ricky Swallow is an Australian sculptor (born in San Remo, Victoria in 1974), who lives and works in Los Angeles. He creates detailed pieces and installations in a variety of media, often utilising objects of everyday life as well as the body (bones etc.). He studied at the Victorian College of the Arts. He won the Contempora 5 Prize in Melbourne at the age of 25 in 1999. He was later selected to be the Australian representative at the 2005 Venice Biennale with This Time Another Year.

San Remo, Victoria
San Remo is a coastal town in southern Victoria, Australia, located at the western tip of the Anderson Peninsula in the West Gippsland region. It is notable as the town at the mainland end of the Phillip Island Bridge, the only roadway onto Phillip Island. At the 2021 census, San Remo had a population of 1,700.

Originally established as a fishing village, the town's economy is now largely based on tourism, particularly travellers from Melbourne on weekend day trips around the Western Port Bay. It is located 122 km (76 mi) southeast of the Melbourne central business district, and can be reached via the South Gippsland Highway and then the Bass Highway. Its nearest neighboring localities are the towns of Newhaven and Cape Woolamai across the strait on Phillip Island.
All the Feels (song)
"All the Feels" is a song recorded by Swedish singer Renaida. The song was released as a digital download in Sweden on 3 February 2018 and peaked at number 17 on the Swedish Singles Chart. It participated in Melodifestivalen 2018 and qualified to Andra chansen (second chance round) from the first semi-final on 3 February 2018. It placed ninth in the overall competition, out of the 12 finalists. It was written by Laurell Barker, Jon Hällgren, Peter Barringer, and Lukas Hällgren.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Timothy Briglin
Timothy Charles Briglin (born April 7, 1966) is an American politician who has served in the Vermont House of Representatives since 2014.

He retired at the 2022 Vermont House of Representatives election.

2022 Vermont House of Representatives election
The 2022 Vermont House of Representatives election took place on November 8, 2022, as part of the biennial United States elections. The election coincided with elections for other offices including the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Governor, and State Senate. Vermont voters elected all 150 state representatives from 109 districts, with each district electing between one and two representatives. State representatives served two-year terms. A primary election was held on August 9, 2022, and it determined which candidates appear on the November 8 general election ballot. All the members elected would serve in the Vermont General Assembly. This election was the first to use new districts adopted by the Vermont General Assembly to allocate for population changes across the state after the 2020 census.

Democrats won 104 seats in the Vermont House, attaining a veto-proof super-majority. This is the most seats Democrats had ever held in the chamber, and the most for either party since 1966.
Świat Młodych
Świat Młodych (Youth's World) was a youth magazine in Poland, published from 1949 to 1993. Part of the magazine was dedicated to scouting, but it is most remembered for its last page comics, where many leading Polish comic books artists and titles debuted (ex. Henryk Jerzy Chmielewski with Tytus, Romek i A'Tomek, Szarlota Pawel with Kleks series) or significant parts of them were published there (works of Janusz Christa, Tadeusz Baranowski and Grzegorz Rosiński).

It was one of the two major Polish youth magazines of its era.

The magazine was subject to a documentary in 2012.

Grzegorz Rosiński
Grzegorz Rosiński (Polish: [ˈɡʐɛɡɔʐ rɔˈɕiɲskʲi]; born 3 August 1941) is a Polish comic book artist, illustrator and painter. He is best known for providing the artwork for the series Thorgal. His other notable work includes art drawn in the Hans and Chninkel series of comic books.
Vicky Cayetano
Vicky Tiu Cayetano (born 1955 or 1956) is an American businesswoman and politician who was the first lady of Hawaii from 1997 to 2002.  She and former governor Ben Cayetano were married on May 5, 1997, in Washington Place. During her tenure, she was instrumental in the construction of a new governor's residence building, turning the old Washington Place into a museum. She was a Democratic candidate in the 2022 Hawaii gubernatorial election. During her gubernatorial campaign Vicky Cayetano's campaign was found guilty of using illegal campaign tactics by coordinating with an outside PAC.

Josh Green (politician)
Joshua Booth Green (born February 11, 1970) is an American politician and physician serving since 2022 as the ninth governor of Hawaii. A member of the Democratic Party, he served from 2018 to 2022 as the 15th lieutenant governor of Hawaii. From 2004 to 2018, he was a member of the Hawaii State Legislature.
PSG College of Technology
PSG College of Technology (often abbreviated as PSG Tech) is an autonomous, government aided, private engineering college in Coimbatore, India. It is affiliated with Anna University. It is an initiative of the PSG and Sons Charities Trust.

HCLTech
HCL Technologies Limited (d/b/a HCLTech) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) consulting company headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Founded by Shiv Nadar, it was spun out in 1991 when HCL entered into the software services business. The company has offices in 60 countries and over 220,000 employees. It is the third-largest India-headquartered IT services company by revenue and market capitalization as of 2024.
Jaime Chamorro Cardenal
Jaime Chamorro Cardenal (23 October 1934 – 29 July 2021) was a Nicaraguan newspaper editor and publisher. A civil engineer by training, journalism was the family business, as his father owned the newspaper La Prensa. Chamorro joined La Prensa in 1974, where he worked for 47 years and served as publisher for 28, from 1993 until his death in 2021.

Family business
Family business is a type of commercial organization in which management decisions are made or influenced by multiple generations of a family, related by blood, marriage or adoption, who have both the ability to influence the vision of the business and the willingness to use this ability to pursue distinctive goals. They are closely identified with the firm through leadership or ownership. Owner-manager entrepreneurial firms are not considered to be family businesses because they lack the multi-generational dimension and family influence that create the unique dynamics and relationships of family businesses.
Mark, Don & Mel: 1969–71
Mark, Don & Mel: 1969–71 is a rock album by Grand Funk Railroad that was released in 1972. It is a compilation of early highlights from both studio and live performances while the band was managed by Terry Knight.  It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart and has been certified gold by the RIAA.

Terry Knight
Terry Knight (born Richard Terrance Knapp; April 9, 1943 – November 1, 2004) was an American rock and roll music producer, promoter, singer, songwriter and radio personality, who enjoyed some success in radio, modest success as a singer, but considerable success as the original manager-producer for Grand Funk Railroad and the producer for Bloodrock.
Hillegonda Wentzen
Hillegonda Wentzen  also written as Hillegonda Wentzen, Hillegonda Hogerbeets and Hillegonda Wentzen (19 October 1557 – 19 October 1620) was a Dutch woman known for accompanying her husband, Rombout Hogerbeets, during his political imprisonment in the early 17th century. Her life was closely tied to a turbulent period in the Dutch Republic, particularly surrounding the conflict between Maurice of Nassau and the Remonstrants.

Remonstrants
The Remonstrants (or the Remonstrant Brotherhood) is a Protestant movement that split from the Dutch Reformed Church in the early 17th century. The early Remonstrants supported Jacobus Arminius, and after his death, continued to maintain his original views, called Arminianism, against the proponents of Calvinism. Condemned by the synod of Dort (1618–1619), the Remonstrants remained a small minority in the Netherlands. In the middle of the 19th century, the Remonstrant Brotherhood was influenced by the liberal Dutch theological movement.
Ministry of Civil Aviation Aerodrome Fire Service
The Ministry of Civil Aviation Aerodrome Fire Service was a national airport fire service which operated in British airports run by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

When the Ministry of Civil Aviation was established in 1946, firefighting services at its airports were originally provided by individual units at each location, answering directly to the airport manager. The following year, after a number of incidents, it was decided that this was unworkable and Sir Aylmer Firebrace, Chief of the Fire Staff of the National Fire Service, was asked to organise a national fire service for civil airports.

Unlike the local authority fire brigades, airport firemen belonged to the Transport and General Workers' Union and not the Fire Brigades Union.

Aylmer Firebrace
Commander Sir Aylmer Newton George Firebrace, CBE, KPM (17 June 1886 – 8 June 1972) was a British Royal Navy officer and fire chief. As a Royal Navy officer, he saw active service in World War I and participated in the Battle of Jutland. Following the war, he joined the London Fire Brigade and rose to become its Commander. With the creation of the National Fire Service, he became the first and only person to head firefighting across the whole of Great Britain.
Trent Jenkins
Trent Jenkins is an American mixed martial artist. He competed in the Middleweight division. Jenkins was a competitor in the first ever UFC event, losing in an alternate bout to Jason DeLucia. Jenkins was also due to fight in the alternate bout at UFC 2 but there was not enough time after the round of 16.

UFC 2
The Ultimate Fighting Championship Part II (later renamed UFC 2: No Way Out) was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on March 11, 1994, at Mammoth Gardens in Denver, Colorado. The event was seen live on pay-per-view in the United States, and was later released on home video.
John Lyons (Longford politician)
John Lyons was an Irish politician. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Longford–Westmeath constituency at the 1922 general election. He was re-elected as an independent Labour TD at the 1923 general election. He did not contest the June 1927 general election and was an unsuccessful candidate at the September 1927 general election. He lived at Newtown, Moate, County Westmeath.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Far View Airport
Far View Airport (FAA LID: 86D) is a privately owned, private use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) south of the central business district of Hiram, a village in Portage County, Ohio, United States.

Portage County, Ohio
Portage County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,791. Located in Northeast Ohio, Portage County is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area. Its county seat is Ravenna and its largest city is Kent. The county, named for the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, was created in 1807 and formally organized in 1808. In addition to the cities of Kent and Ravenna, Portage County also includes the cities of Aurora and Streetsboro, along with five villages, 18 civil townships, and several unincorporated places within those townships. Additionally, the county includes parts of the city of Tallmadge, and part of the village of Mogadore, both of which are mostly in neighboring Summit County.
Human coronavirus HKU1
Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1, Betacoronavirus hongkongense) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of the common cold, but can advance to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. It was first discovered in January 2004 from one man in Hong Kong.  Subsequent research revealed it has global distribution and earlier genesis.

The virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor. It has the hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which distinguishes it as a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and subgenus Embecovirus.

Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, the negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript.
Alma Willis Sydenstricker
Lucy Alma Willis Sydenstricker (April 21, 1866 – November 26, 1960) was an American college professor and clubwoman. She taught religion classes at Agnes Scott College from 1917 to 1943, and was active in the Presbyterian Church in the United States.

Agnes Scott College
Agnes Scott College is a private women's liberal arts college in Decatur, Georgia. The college enrolls approximately 1,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The college is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church and is considered one of the Seven Sisters of the South. It also offers co-educational graduate programs.
Christof Geiß
Christof Geiß (born 1964), also called Geiss Hahn or Geiß Hahn, is a German mathematician.

Geiß studied mathematics at the University of Bayreuth, where he received in 1990 his Diplom with Diplomarbeit Darstellungsendliche Algebren und multiplikative Basen and in 1993 his doctorate. His doctoral thesis Tame distributive algebras and related topics was written under the supervision of Wolfgang Erich Müller and José Antonio de la Peña. Geiß does research and teaches at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), where he studied already in 1991/92 and became in 1993 an Investigador Associado. He is there an Investigador Titular C.

His research deals with cluster algebras in Lie theory and their categorization, pre-projective algebras, and quivers in combination with symmetrizable Cartan matrices.

In 2018 Geiß was an Invited Speaker with talk Quivers with relations for symmetrizable Cartan matrices and algebraic Lie Theory at the International Congress of Mathematics.

Diplom
A Diplom (German: [diˈploːm] ⓘ, from Ancient Greek: δίπλωμα, romanized: diploma) is an academic degree in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and a similarly named degree in some other European countries including Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine and only for engineers in France, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Brazil.
Tillandsia paucifolia
Tillandsia paucifolia, the potbelly airplant, is a species of bromeliad in the genus Tillandsia. This species is native to Central America, central and southern Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, the West Indies, and Florida.

Tillandsia paucifolia can either grow singularly or in clusters and typically have five to ten leaves. The leaves of this species of Tillandsia are light green and silver-gray in color and are short with tapered ends. T. paucifolia have a large bulbous base which distinguishes them from other Tillandsias. The leaves of T. paucifolia are covered in trichomes, which are hair-like structures that increase the surface area on the leaves to maximize nutrient and water absorption from the air. The particular trichomes of the Tillandsia paucifolia are exceptionally sizable and copious.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Prickly sculpin
The prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is native to the river drainages of the Pacific Slope of North America from Seward, Alaska south to the Ventura River of Southern California. It extends east of the Continental Divide in the Peace River of British Columbia. It has also been introduced to several reservoirs in Southern California.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
2021 Toyota 200
The 2021 Toyota 200 presented by CK Power was the 16th stock car race of the 2021 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season, the 21st iteration of the event, the first race of the playoffs, and the first race of the Round of 10. The race was held on Friday, August 20, 2021 in Madison, Illinois at World Wide Technology Raceway. The race was extended from 160 laps to 163 due to a NASCAR overtime finish. After dominating most of the race, Sheldon Creed of GMS Racing would win the race and lock himself into the Round of 8. To fill the rest of the podium, Matt Crafton and Ben Rhodes, both from ThorSport Racing would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

The race was the debut for Chris Hacker and Armani Williams.

Ben Rhodes (racing driver)
Benjamin Jon Rhodes (born February 21, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 99 Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. He is the 2021 and 2023 Truck Series champion. Before moving up to the Truck Series, Rhodes competed full-time in what is now the ARCA Menards Series East, where he drove for Turner Scott Motorsports and won the 2014 series championship. He also has previously competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, and what is now the ARCA Menards Series.