hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vandiver-Trout-Clause House
Vandiver-Trout-Clause House is a historic home located at Ridgeville, Mineral County, West Virginia.  For many years it provided accommodations for travelers and also served as a post office, tavern, polling place, and landmark.  It is an L-shaped, two-story frame building with a gable roof in a vernacular Federal style.  It was built sometime in the first quarter of the 19th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Tavern
A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that has a licence to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub.

Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.
Palau Solterra Museum
The Palau Solterra Museum is one of the cultural centers of the Vila Casas Foundation located, located in the palace of the same name in Torroella de Montgrí (Girona), a town of the Baix Empordà region. It opened in 2000, and nowadays it houses about three hundred contemporary photographs of the city, artists from various parts of the world, including Chema Madoz, Alberto García Álix, Toni Catany, Otto Lloyd, Xavier Miserachs, Ouka Lele and Frank Horvat, among many others.

Annual exhibitions are organized and a series of conferences on history and humanities.

Baix Empordà
Baix Empordà (Catalan: [ˈbaʒ əmpuɾˈða]; Spanish: Bajo Ampurdán; "Lower Empordà") is a comarca (county) in the Girona region, Catalonia, in Spain. It is one of the two comarques into which Empordà was divided in the comarcal division of 1936, the other one being Alt Empordà. It is popularly known as L'Empordanet ("the Little Empordà"). The capital is La Bisbal d'Empordà.
Auburn, Oregon
Auburn is a ghost town in rural Baker County, Oregon, United States.  Auburn lies off Oregon Route 7 southwest of Baker City and east of McEwen on the edge of the Blue Mountains.

Auburn is deserted today, but the former gold mining boomtown was once the largest community in Eastern Oregon. Auburn only had one or two buildings until 1861, when gold was discovered in the area. By September 1862, Auburn had grown into a full-fledged town with over 20 stores and 1000 homes to serve the mining industry. In that month the Oregon Legislative Assembly made Auburn the first county seat of Baker County, but by the 1870s Auburn was largely deserted, with a population of 200 people in 1873.

The post office, the first in northeast Oregon, closed in 1903. It had opened on November 1, 1862, with William F. McCrary as the first postmaster.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Do It Like That (Tomorrow X Together and Jonas Brothers song)
"Do It Like That" is a song by South Korean boy band Tomorrow X Together and American pop rock band Jonas Brothers. It was released through Big Hit Music and Republic Records as the lead single from the boy band's fifth studio album, The Name Chapter: Freefall, on July 7, 2023. The song was produced by Ryan Tedder and Grant Boutin, and the two wrote it alongside Coleton Rubin. Vocals are handled by all members of Tomorrow X Together (Yeonjun, Beomgyu, Taehyun, Huening Kai, and Soobin) and in the Jonas Brothers, Nick and Joe Jonas sing, while Kevin plays guitar. A Jersey club remix of the song was released on July 19, 2023. "Do It Like That" is a pop song that contains building melodies and a strong bass line.

Big Hit Music
Big Hit Music (Korean: 빅히트 뮤직, stylized in all caps), formerly Big Hit Entertainment (Korean: 빅히트 엔터테인먼트), is a South Korean record label established in 2005 by Bang Si-hyuk. It was re-branded and re-structured into an independent label under Hybe Corporation (formerly Big Hit Entertainment Co., Ltd.) in March 2021. As of date, the label is home to soloist Lee Hyun, and boy groups BTS, Tomorrow X Together, and Cortis. It previously managed soloist Lim Jeong-hee, and groups 8Eight, 2AM, and co-managed Glam.
South Dakota v. Fifteen Impounded Cats
South Dakota v. Fifteen Impounded Cats, 785 N.W.2d 272 (S.D. 2010), is a 2010 Supreme Court of South Dakota civil forfeiture case brought by the U.S. state of South Dakota against fifteen cats that they had seized on the grounds of interfering with a driver's visibility. The seizure was challenged by the owner of the cats and the court found on a 3–2 majority that the seizure was lawful because of the risk to pedestrians as well as to the cats.

The form of the styling of this case – the defendant being animals (fifteen cats), rather than a legal person – is because this is a jurisdiction in rem (power over objects) case, rather than the more familiar in personam (over persons) case.

In personam
In personam is a Latin phrase meaning "against a particular person". In a lawsuit in which the case is against a specific individual, that person must be served with a summons and complaint (in England & Wales known as Particulars of Claim (CPR 1999)) to give the court jurisdiction to try the case, and the judgment applies to that person and is called an "in personam judgment".

In personam is distinguished from in rem, which applies to property or "all the world" instead of a specific person. This technical distinction is important to determine where to file a lawsuit and how to serve a defendant. In personam means that a judgment can be enforceable against the person wherever he/she is. On the other hand, if the lawsuit is to determine title to property (in rem) then the action must be filed where the property exists and is only enforceable there.
The Little Variety Star
The Little Variety Star (German: Die Kleine vom Varieté) is a 1926 German silent comedy film directed by Hanns Schwarz and starring Ossi Oswalda, Georg Alexander and Max Hansen. The film's sets were designed by Hans Jacoby.

Hans Jacoby (art director)
Hans Jacoby (1898–1967) was a German art director who designed the film sets for many German productions. He worked for a number of companies during the Weimar Era, notably Bavaria Film, Terra Film and Universum Film AG. Of Jewish background, he emigrated to Austria following the Nazi takeover in Germany, where he worked  on The Eternal Mask (1935). He later emigrated to Argentina where he worked under the name Juan Jacoby Renard and also directed one film Sombras en el río in 1939. He was employed by the Argentina Sono Film company.
Ghostery
Ghostery is a free and open-source privacy and security-related browser extension and mobile browser application. Since February 2017, it has been owned by the German company Cliqz International GmbH (formerly owned by Evidon, Inc., which was previously called Ghostery, Inc. and the Better Advertising Project). The code was originally developed by David Cancel and associates.

Ghostery enables its users to detect and control JavaScript "tags" and "trackers" to remove JavaScript bugs and beacons that are embedded in many web pages which allow for the collection of a user's browsing habits via HTTP cookies, as well as participating in more sophisticated forms of tracking such as canvas fingerprinting.

As of 2024, Ghostery is available for Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Brave, Microsoft Edge, Opera, Safari, iOS, Android, and Firefox for Android.

Additionally, Ghostery's privacy team creates profiles of page elements and companies for educational purposes.

Internet security
Internet security is a branch of computer security focused on the Internet. It includes browser security, web application security, and network security as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to improve Internet safety and Internet privacy, including to protect against cyberattacks and cybercrime. The Internet is an inherently insecure channel for information exchange, with risk of intrusion and Internet fraud, including phishing, viruses, trojans, ransomware and worms.

Many countermeasures are used to combat Internet security threats and web threats, including encryption and ground-up engineering.
Bromyard Downs
Bromyard Downs is an area of registered common land, and a scattered settlement, just outside the town of Bromyard in Herefordshire, England. The 114 hectares of downs rise to over 700 ft where a plateau dominates the escarpment overlooking the town.  The downs are a combination of gorse and grassland, wood and coppice.

As of 2019 there were 93 registered commoners, some of whom with livestock grazing rights under the Commons Act 2006.  Rights under the act include pasturage, estovers and turbary.

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
Goričica, Šentjur
Goričica (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾiːtʃitsa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, in eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Prudential Family Playhouse
Prudential Family Playhouse is an American television anthology drama series that aired on live CBS from October 1950 to March 1951. It debuted on October 10, 1950, and ended on March 27, 1951. Sponsored by Prudential Insurance, the series features actors in adaptations of Broadway plays or best selling novels.

Among its stars were Gertrude Lawrence, Ruth Chatterton, Grace Kelly, Bert Lahr, Eva Marie Saint, Jessica Tandy, Helen Hayes, Kay Francis, Kevin McCarthy, and Dorothy Gish. Its writers included playwrights George Abbott, Robert Anderson, Ruth Gordon, and Sidney Howard.

Sidney Howard
Sidney Coe Howard (June 26, 1891 – August 23, 1939) was an American playwright, dramatist and screenwriter. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1925 and a posthumous Academy Award in 1940 for the screenplay for Gone with the Wind.
Norilsk uprising
The Norilsk uprising was a major strike by Gulag inmates in Gorlag, an MVD special camp for political prisoners, and later in the two camps of Norillag [ITL], Norilsk, USSR, now Russia, in the summer of 1953, shortly after Joseph Stalin's death. About 70% of inmates were Ukrainians, some of whom had been sentenced to 25 years because of MGB accusations of being involved in the "Bandera standard"; however, the Soviet secret police was notorious for fabricating such accusations. It was the first major revolt within the Gulag system in 1953–1954, although earlier numerous cases of unrest in gulags are known. It was led by Pavel Frenkiel in the first camp, Boris Shamaev in the third camp,  Yevhen Hrytsyak in the fourth, Pavel Filnev in the fifth, and Lesya Zelenska in the sixth camp.

Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of State Security (Russian: Министерство государственной безопасности, Russian pronunciation: [mʲɪnʲɪˈsʲtʲerstvə ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ]), abbreviated as MGB (Russian: МГБ), was a ministry of the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1953 which functioned as the country's secret police. The ministry inherited the intelligence and state security responsibilities of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) and People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB). The MGB was led by Vsevolod Merkulov for 50 days from March 15 to May 4 1946, then by Viktor Abakumov from May 4 1946 to July 14 1951, then by Semyon Ignatiev until Stalin's death in March 5 1953, upon which it was merged into an enlarged Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).
Habberley, Shropshire
Habberley is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Pontesbury, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England.

Habberley lies near the Stiperstones southwest of the town of Shrewsbury.

Formerly a small (325 acres (132 ha)) civil parish in its own right Habberley was merged in to the Pontesbury civil parish on 1 April 1967. Its main amenities are a small Anglican church (St Mary's), a public house (The Mytton Arms), and village hall.

In 1824 its population was recorded as 151 - by 1961 this had declined to 66 but residential development such as the conversion of redundant farm buildings has seen it rise again to about 100 residents in 2012. Mary Webb, the romantic novelist, called the place and surrounding district 'Bitterley' in her 1916 novel The Golden Arrow.

Mary Webb
Mary Gladys Webb (25 March 1881 – 8 October 1927) was an English romance novelist and poet of the early 20th century, whose work is set chiefly in the Shropshire countryside and among Shropshire characters and people whom she knew. Her novels have been successfully dramatized, most notably the film Gone to Earth in 1950 by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger based on the novel of the same title.
Thomas of Tolentino
Thomas of Tolentino, OFM (Italian: Tommaso di or da Tolentino; c. 1255 – 8 April 1321) was an Italian Franciscan missionary who was martyred with his three companions in Thane, India, for blaspheming Muhammad. His relics were removed to Quanzhou, China, and Tolentino, Italy, by Odoric of Pordenone. He was canonized in 1321, with his feast day now held on April 9.

Nallasopara
Nallasopara or Nala Sopara (pronunciation: [naːla sopaɾa]), formerly known as Sopara or Supara, is a city in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India, and is governed by the Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation (VVMC). The city lies within the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The Nallasopara railway station is part of the Western Railway Zone and comes under the police jurisdiction of Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.

Nallasopara is accepted by scholars as the Shurparaka (lit. city of braves; Śūrpāraka) or Supparak of ancient India and was a busy trade centre and an important seat of Buddhism. It was one of the administrative units under the Satavahanas and is mentioned in the inscriptions of Karle, Nashik, Naneghat, and Kanheri.
Harris County School District
The Harris County School District is a public school district in Harris County, Georgia, United States, based in Hamilton. It serves the communities of Cataula, Ellerslie, Fortson, Hamilton, Hopewell, Pine Mountain, Shiloh, Waverly Hall, and West Point.

Pine Mountain, Georgia
Pine Mountain is a town in Harris and Meriwether counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 1,216.

The Harris County portion of Pine Mountain is part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area, while the small portion that extends into Meriwether County is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Yixian railway station
Yixian railway station (Chinese: 义县) is a third-class railway station in Yizhou town, Yi County, Jinzhou, Liaoning. It is located on the Xinlitun–Yixian railway and Jinzhou–Chengde railway. It was built in 1921 and is under the jurisdiction of China Railway Shenyang Group.

China Railway Shenyang Group
China Railway Shenyang Group, officially abbreviated as CR Shenyang or CR-Shenyang, formerly, Shenyang Railway Administration is a subsidiary company under the jurisdiction of the China Railway Group (formerly the Ministry of Railway). The railway administration was reorganized as a company in November 2017.

It supervises the railway network within Liaoning, Jilin, and mid-eastern Inner Mongolia.
Nahla (name)
Nahla is a feminine given name of Arabic origin.

The name is of Arabic origin meaning "first drink of water" or "water in the desert", there's also Nahla valley in Iraq. Additionally, the latinized term Nahla can also refer to honeybee in Arabic.

A descendant of the Arabic, "Naħla" means Bee in the Maltese language.

Another variant is Nala. This means 'gift' in Swahili.

Notable people with the given name, or its variants, include:

Nahlah Ayed, Palestinian-Canadian journalist

Nahla Chahal, Iraqi-Lebanese journalist and activist

Nala Damajanti, snake charmer

Nahla Mahmoud, Sudanese-British writer and activist

Nahla El Fatiha Naili, Algerian sculptor

Nahla Ramadan, Egyptian weightlifter

Nahla Hussain al-Shaly, Iraqi women's rights promoter

Nahla Summers, social campaigner

Notable people with the surname include:

June-Rose Nala, South African trade unionist and academic

Nala Damajanti
Nala Damajanti was the stage name of a late 19th-century snake charmer who toured with P.T. Barnum's circus and performed at the famed Folies Bergère in Paris. French sources identify her as Emilie Poupon (1861–1944), born in Nantey, Jura Department, France. Promotional posters of Nala Damajanti have been widely reproduced and are thought to have inspired one of the popular folk images of the African water spirit Mami Wata. Similar acts performing under slightly variant names such as Mala Damajaute, Nata Damajaute, and Nala Damajante are thought to have been the same person.
Yeniyürükkaş
Yeniyürükkaş is aneighbourhood in the municipality and district of Aydıncık, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 81 (2022). Distance to Aydıncık is 20 kilometres (12 mi) and to Mersin is 195 kilometres (121 mi). The village is situated in the Taurus Mountains.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Benjamin Holmes (American politician)
Benjamin Holmes (August 8, 1846 – January 14, 1914) was a Democratic Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri 1890–1891.

He was the first mayor under a new charter allowing for two-year terms and oversaw the design and construction of the George Kessler-designed parkway system.

Was born in Independence, Missouri; operated the livestock commission firm of Lail & Holmes at the Kansas City Livestock Exchange building; was treasurer of Jackson County, Missouri from 1878 to 1885.

Holmes was buried in Elmwood Cemetery.

Kansas City Live Stock Exchange
The Kansas City Live Stock Exchange building was the headquarters of the former historic Kansas City Stockyards. It is located at 1600 Gennesse in Kansas City, Missouri, in the West Bottoms. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places and is owned by Bill Haw.
Tom Grosvenor
Arthur Thomas Grosvenor (22 November 1908 – 31 October 1972) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside right. He played more than 100 games for Birmingham (now Birmingham City) in the Football League First Division and won three full caps for England. His brother Percy Grosvenor played for West Bromwich Albion and Leicester City.

Born in the Netherton area of Dudley, Worcestershire, Grosvenor started his football career with Stourbridge before moving to Birmingham in 1928. His early career was disrupted by injury, but once fit he took over at inside right and creator of chances when the ageing Johnny Crosbie moved on. In all he made 115 first team appearances for Birmingham and played three times for England in 1933, scoring twice. After leaving Birmingham he had short spells at Sheffield Wednesday and Bolton Wanderers 1937 to 1938, finishing up at local club Dudley Town in 1938. After football, he became a sheet-metal worker. He died in 1972 at the age of 63.

Stourbridge F.C.
Stourbridge Football Club (nicknamed "The Glassboys" due to the town's traditional association with the cut glass industry) is an English association football club based in the town of Stourbridge, West Midlands.  The club currently plays in the Southern League Premier Division Central.
Brett Mydske
Brett Mydske (born July 30, 1988, in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional box lacrosse player for the Vancouver Warriors in the National Lacrosse League. Mydske was drafted in the third round (25th overall) in the 2009 NLL Entry Draft by the Rush.

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.