hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emde degradation
The Emde degradation (also called Emde-reaction or Emde-reduction) is a method for the reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam:

This organic reaction was first described in 1909 by the German chemist Hermann Emde. It was for a long time of great importance in structure elucidation of many alkaloids, for example that of ephedrine.

Alternative reducing agents exist for this reaction; for instance, lithium aluminium hydride.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Coat of arms of Montenegro
The coat of arms of Montenegro (Montenegrin: грб Црне Горе, romanized: grb Crne Gore) was officially adopted by the law passed in the Parliament on 12 July 2004. It is now the central motif of the flag of Montenegro, as well as the coat of arms of the Armed Forces of Montenegro.
The coat of arms of Montenegro was designed by the Montenegrin artist Radoslav Rotković on 2004 and then constitutionally sanctioned by the Constitution proclaimed on 2 October 2007.

Radoslav Rotković
Radoslav Rotković (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Радослав Ротковић; 30 May 1928 – 8 September 2013) was a Montenegrin historian, philologist and academician. He is known for his works in Montenegrin history and literature.
2015 British Academy Scotland New Talent Awards
The 2015 British Academy Scotland New Talent Awards were held on 9 April 2015 at The Arches (Glasgow). Presented by BAFTA Scotland, the accolades honour the best upcoming talent in the field of film and television in Scotland. The nominees were announced on 24 March 2015. The ceremony was hosted by Muriel Gray.

BAFTA Scotland
BAFTA Scotland is the Scottish branch of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Formed in 1986, the branch supports film, television and games talent in Scotland through year-round membership activity, awarding bursaries for new talent and holds an annual awards ceremony recognising the achievement by performers and production staff in Scottish film, television and video games. These Awards are separate from the British Academy Television Awards and British Academy Film Awards.
Journal of Molecular Biology
The Journal of Molecular Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of molecular biology. It was established in 1959 by Academic Press in London. It is currently published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief was Peter Wright (The Scripps Research Institute) for the last 33 years. He has been succeeded by Michael F. Summers (University of Maryland Baltimore County).

Scripps Research
Scripps Research is a nonprofit American medical research facility that focuses on research and education in the biomedical sciences. Headquartered in San Diego, California, the institute has over 170 laboratories employing 2,100 scientists, technicians, graduate students, and administrative and other staff.

The institute holds over 1,100 patents, has produced 11 FDA-approved therapeutics, and has generated over 50 spin-off companies. The Scripps Research graduate program is ranked 9th nationally in the biological sciences, 6th for organic chemistry, and 6th for biochemistry.

In 2022, their Jupiter, Florida, campus became a part of the University of Florida. Jupiter-based graduate students remain part of the Scripps Research graduate program.
Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
The Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests is a Nearctic temperate coniferous forests ecoregion that covers the higher elevations of the Sierra Juárez and Sierra San Pedro Mártir ranges of the Peninsular Ranges, of the northern Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. The pine–oak forests extend throughout the central portion of the Mexican state of Baja California and terminate near the border with the U.S. state of California.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Scropton Tramway
The Scropton Tramway was a British industrial 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway connecting several gypsum mines with the North Staffordshire Railway station at Scropton in Staffordshire. It was also used to transport munitions during World War II.

Industrial railway
An industrial railway is a type of railway (usually private) that is not available for public transportation and is used exclusively to serve a particular industrial, logistics, or military site.  In regions of the world influenced by British railway culture and management practices, they are often referred to as tramways (which are distinct from trams or streetcars, a passenger technology).  Industrial railways may connect the site to public freight networks through sidings, or may be isolated (sometimes very far away from public rail or surface roads) or located entirely within a served property.
Kargué
Kargué (Kàrgé) is a village and seat of the commune of Lowol Guéou in the Cercle of Bandiagara in the Mopti Region of southern-central Mali.

Kargué village is situated on the lower slope and at the base of a hill. Main economic activities are farming, herding, and gardening. Some blacksmiths also live in the village. The Bozo language is spoken in the village. Surnames in the village include Traore and Kampo.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Dong Cheng Wei
Dong Cheng Wei (Chinese: 東城衛; pinyin: Dong Cheng Wei) is a Taiwanese rock band. It was an underground band that was formed during the band members' high school years. It gain a certain amount of popularity because of the success of the lead vocal, Jiro Wang and the TV appearances on KO One, The X-Family, K.O.3an Guo, KO One Return, KO One Re-act, The X-Dormitory, Angel 'N' Devil and KO ONE: RE-MEMBER.

KO One Re-Member
KO One Re-Member (traditional Chinese: 終極一班4; simplified Chinese: 终极一班4; pinyin: zhōng jí yī bān 4; literally: "The Ultimate Class 4") is a 2016 Taiwanese drama starring Pets Tseng, Wes, Wayne, Zhiwei and Sylvia Wang. It was produced by Comic International Productions (可米國際影視事業股份有限公司), Gala Television, and Youku Tudou, it started filming on December 10, 2015 and wrapped on May 8, 2016. it was first broadcast in Taiwan on cable channel Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台) and IQiyi Taiwan on June 27, 2016 to September 16, 2016.
2020s commodities boom
The 2020s commodities boom refers to the rise of many commodity prices in the early 2020s following the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 recession initially made commodity prices drop, but lockdowns, supply chain bottlenecks, and dovish monetary policy limited supply and created excess demand causing a commodity super cycle rise.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine beginning in February 2022 worsened the bottlenecks, creating the 2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute and the 2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis, contributing to the global energy crisis (2021–2023). As Russia and Belarus are major fertilizer exporters and natural gas is a primary component in many fertilizers, fertilizer prices rose accordingly, exacerbating the 2022–2023 global food crises.

The previous commodity super cycle was the 2000s commodities boom, which was attributed to emerging markets, especially that of China, providing a high demand for raw materials.

2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis
Starting from August 2021, high European wholesale natural gas prices started severely impacting the United Kingdom. Due to a combination of unfavourable circumstances, including soaring demand of gas in Asia, diminished gas supply from Russia to the European markets, low gas stockpiles,  and a series of breakdowns at various electrical facilities, consumers in the United Kingdom faced steep increases in gas prices.

Consumers, utility companies, and businesses dependent on carbon dioxide were all impacted. The crisis caused some smaller domestic suppliers in the United Kingdom to go out of business, affecting almost two million consumers as of 14 October 2021.
Clark O.N.T.
Clark Our New Thread, mostly known as Clark O.N.T. was a U.S. soccer team sponsored by the Clark Thread Company.  The team competed in the annual American Cup, winning the first three championships. Beside Fall River Rovers, they are considered the most successful clubs in the late 1880s in American soccer.

Clark Thread Company Historic District
The Clark Thread Company Historic District, located at 900 Passaic Avenue, East Newark, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, is a large mill complex.  Begun in 1875, it was a major manufacturing site of the Clark Thread Company, the world's leading manufacturer of sewing thread, until 1935.  The complex was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1978 for this association.  It now functions as an industrial park housing a diversity of businesses.
Cabbages and Kings (novel)
Cabbages and Kings is a 1904 novel made up of interlinked short stories, written by O. Henry and set in a fictitious Central American country called the Republic of Anchuria. It takes its title from the poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter", featured in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass. Its plot contains famous elements in the poem: shoes and ships and sealing wax, cabbages and kings. It was inspired by the characters and situations that O. Henry encountered in Honduras in the late 1890s.

The Walrus and the Carpenter
"The Walrus and the Carpenter" is a narrative poem by Lewis Carroll that appears in his book Through the Looking-Glass, published in December 1871. The poem is recited in chapter four, by Tweedledum and Tweedledee to Alice.
1999 Firestone Firehawk 500K
The 1999 Firestone Firehawk 500K was the second round of the 1999 CART FedEx Champ Car World Series season, held on April 9, 1999, on the Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi, Tochigi, Japan.

This was the first Champ Car race since the 1995 Indianapolis 500, in which Al Unser Jr. is absent on the starting grid.

Al Unser Jr.
Alfred Unser Jr. (born April 19, 1962) – nicknamed "Little Al" to distinguish him from his father, Al Unser – is an American former racing driver. Known primarily for his Championship car career, Unser won two CART championships, and is a two-time winner of the Indianapolis 500.

Early in his career, Unser found success in the Can-Am series, winning the championship in 1982. He joined his great uncle, uncle, and father, as a winner of the Pikes Peak Hill Climb, doing so in 1983. He is a two-time winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona. He has the most Long Beach Grand Prix victories in history, winning six times.
John Nassau Greene
John Nassau Greene (8 March 1890 – 11 February 1973) was an Irish politician. A farmer from Athy, he was elected to Kildare County Council in the 1925 local elections, standing for the Farmers' Party in the Athy local electoral area.

He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from April to August 1938. He was elected to the 2nd Seanad in April 1938 to the Agricultural Panel. He did not contest the August 1938 Seanad election.

In January 1955, one of his sons, Juan Greene, became the first president of the National Farmers' Association, later known as the Irish Farmers' Association.

Agricultural Panel
The Agricultural Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Agricultural Panel elects eleven senators.
Barner
Barner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. J. Barner (born 2002), American football player

Ann Barner (born 1950), English swimmer

Joachim Hartvig Johan von Barner (1699–1768), Danish-German military officer

Kenjon Barner (born 1989), American football player

Kenneth Barner, American engineer

Martin Barner (1921–2020), German mathematician

Regitze Barner (1834–1911), Danish noblewoman

Kenjon Barner
Kenjon Fa'terrel Barner (born April 28, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks, earning consensus All-American honors in 2012. Barner was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Los Angeles Chargers, Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Cameron Barr
Cameron Barr is an Australian rules football umpire currently officiating in the Australian Football League.

Before umpiring in the AFL, he umpired in the North East Australian Football League, officiating in the 2015 and '17 Grand Finals. He was appointed to the AFL umpire rookie list in 2016, and made his debut, as an emergency umpire replacing an injured Troy Pannell, in a match between Sydney and Greater Western Sydney in Round 3, 2018.

Umpire (Australian rules football)
An umpire is an official in the sport of Australian rules football who enforces the rules as outlined in the "Laws of the Game", the official handbook of Australian Rules Football. Umpiring across all levels the AFL (professional, amateur or juniors) has a long history of abuse. In recent years, the AFL has taken steps to address and reduce this issue.
Carolyn Plaskett
Carolyn Marie Plasket Barrow (January 31, 1917 – November 11, 2001), also known as Carolyn Plaskett, was an American-born illustrator, international scholar, and the wife of the then Prime Minister of Barbados. She was born in Orange, New Jersey, and was the only child of her parents, Reverend Dr. George Plaskett and Carrie Davenport Plaskett. Plaskett was married to the first Prime Minister of Barbados, Errol Walton Barrow, who successfully brought Barbados its independence from the British in 1966.  During her time as the Prime Minister's wife, Plaskett was known for advocating relations between America and Barbados.

Prime Minister of Barbados
The prime minister of Barbados is the head of government of Barbados. The prime minister is appointed by the president under the terms of the Constitution. As the nominal holder of executive authority, the president holds responsibility for conducting parliamentary elections and for proclaiming one of the candidates as prime minister.
Joseph Davis (explorer)
Joseph Davis, (fl. 1692 – 1715), was a Hudson's Bay Company employee intermittently during that period.

History records Davis accompanying Captain James Knight when Fort Albany was recaptured from the French during an expedition in 1692–1693. He was in James Bay again in 1702-03 and a number of subsequent voyages, commanding his own ship from 1710 and forward. In 1715, he was unsuccessful in re-supplying Fort York where James Knight was now governor. He was unable to approach closer than 15 miles, no doubt because of ice and weather conditions. A years lost trade was a big blow to the HBC and they dismissed Davis.

This was the last written record of a man who had performed some very important tasks in the north and who ultimately is remembered for a failure which most certainly was beyond his control.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.
South Western Times
The South Western Times is a weekly English language newspaper published for Bunbury and the South West region in Western Australia.

The newspaper was first published in 1888 and was originally titled the Southern Advertiser. The name was changed later the same year to the Southern Times and in 1917 it became the South Western Times.

The newspaper also published an annual state pictorial feature with a goal of promoting the South-West, the South Western Times Illustrated Annual. The 1947 issue featured scenes of the Pemberton pool's carnival day, forestry and other industries. The 1952 issue had prints of views in Collie and Denmark, content on cows, schools and fire controls.

The distribution area includes many towns in the South West, including Bunbury, Boyanup, Capel, Donnybrook, Collie, Harvey, Balingup and Darkan. The paper is published every Thursday and in 2019 has a circulation of 6,300 and a readership of 19,000.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Poeeessa
Poeeessa, Poeëessa or Poieessa (Ποιήεσσα, Poiḗessa), or Poeessa, Poeëssa or Poiessa (Ποιῆσσα, Poiē̂ssa), or Poeassa or Poiassa (Ποιᾶσσα, Poiā̂ssa), was a town of ancient Keos, situated on the southwestern side of the island, on a high and steep promontory.
It was founded in the 6th century BC. According to myths the Aeacus founded the city.

Its site is located near the modern Poisses.

Aeacus
Aeacus (/ˈiːəkəs/; also spelled Eacus; Ancient Greek: Αἰακός) was a king of the island of Aegina in Greek mythology. He was a son of Zeus and the nymph Aegina, and the father of the heroes Peleus and Telamon. According to legend, he was famous for his justice, and after he died he became one of the three judges in the underworld alongside Minos and Rhadamanthus. In another story, he assisted Poseidon and Apollo in building the walls of Troy.

He had sanctuaries in Athens and Aegina, and the Aeginetan festival of the Aeacea (Αἰάκεια) was celebrated in his honour.
Trichy Sankaran
Trichy Sankaran (born 27 July 1942) is an Indian percussionist, composer, scholar, and educator. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 2011. As a mridangam vidwan, he has been called a "doyen among the percussionists of India" in Sruti magazine. Since the early 1970s, he has performed and recorded in a number of cross-cultural projects. In 2017, he was awarded the "Tiruchirapalli Carnatic Musicians Lifetime Achievement Award".

Sankaran has lived in Toronto since 1971. He is the founder of the Tyagaraja Aradhana in Toronto and is a professor of music at York University. He has regularly performed at all leading organisations in Chennai every December Music Season and continues to accompany a wide array of top ranked musicians.

Sruti (magazine)
Sruti is an English language monthly magazine on the performing arts and Indian music and dance, published from Chennai, India.

Sruti was founded in 1983 by N. Pattabhiraman, who had returned to India from a career abroad, bringing with him a focus and skill for English composition. The magazine initially had financial difficulties, with Pattabhiraman desiring to gain subscribers vice take out loans, and minimal support from corporations. The journal foundered somewhat following Pattabhiraman's death, but as of 2014 continues forward under staffers who rose to take over its leadership. The magazine was acquired by the Sanmar Group in 2006.

Journalist S. Muthiah in 2011 referred to the publication as  the country's leading journal on Indian Classical music and dance.
Michael Mason (swimmer)
Michael T. Mason (born March 18, 1974) is a former competition breaststroke swimmer, who was born in the United States, but represented Canada in international competition.  He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and finished in 23rd position in the men's 200-metre breaststroke.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Szcześniak
Szcześniak or Szczęśniak is a gender-neutral Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alina Surmacka Szczesniak (1925–2016), Polish-born, American food scientist

Andrzej Leszek Szcześniak (1932–2003), Polish historian and educator

Boleslaw Szcześniak (1908–1996), Polish historian

Maciej Szczęśniak (born 1989), interdisciplinary artist

Małgorzata Szczęśniak (born 1954), Polish stage and costume designer

Mietek Szcześniak (born 1964), Polish musician

Rose Hemingway (née Sezniak or Szczesniak) (born 1984), American actress, performer and singer

Taco Hemingway, Filip Tadeusz Szcześniak (born 1990), Polish rapper, songwriter, and musician

Tom Szczesniak, Canadian musician and composer

Władysław Szcześniak (1858–1926), Bishop of Warsaw 1925–1926

Rose Hemingway
Rose Hemingway (née Sezniak or Szczesniak; born January 1, 1984) is an American actress, performer and singer. She made her Broadway debut starring as Rosemary Pilkington in the musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (2011) earning a Theatre World Award.