hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nd:YCOB
Nd-doped YCOB (Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3) is a nonlinear optical crystal, which is commonly used as an active laser medium. It can be grown from a melt by the Czochralski technique. It belongs to the monoclinic system with space group Cs2-Cm. Each neodymium ion replaces a yttrium ion in the YCOB crystal structure.

Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a rare-earth element. Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust.

The most important present-day use of yttrium is as a component of phosphors, especially those used in LEDs. Historically, it was once widely used in the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties.

Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.
MCB Group
MCB Group Limited is a financial services holding company. Its headquarters is located in Port Louis, Mauritius, with subsidiaries and investments in Mauritius, France, India, Madagascar, Maldives, Mayotte, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles and South Africa.

Bank holding company
A bank holding company is a company that controls one or more banks, but does not necessarily engage in banking itself. The compound bancorp (banc/bank + corp[oration]) or bancorporation is often used to refer to such companies as well, particularly in the United States.
Żytowań
Żytowań [ʐɨˈtɔvaɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gubin, within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border. As of 2011, it had a population of 211.

Krosno County, Lubusz Voivodeship
Krosno County (Polish: powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Krosno Odrzańskie, which lies 30 km (19 mi) west of Zielona Góra and 79 km (49 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The only other town is Gubin which is the biggest town in the county. It is situated on the German border 28 km (17 mi) west of Krosno Odrzańskie.

The county covers an area of 1,390 square kilometres (536.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,018, out of which the population of Gubin is 16,619, that of Krosno Odrzańskie is 11,319, and the rural population is 27,080.
Andrew Walker (murderer)
Andrew Walker (1953/1954 – 3 September 2021) was a British Army corporal in the Royal Scots who murdered three colleagues in a payroll robbery in the Pentland Hills, south of Edinburgh, in January 1985. After he was convicted, Walker was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 27 years, but was released in 2011 after a stroke.

Royal Scots
The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), once known as the Royal Regiment of Foot, was the oldest and most senior infantry regiment of the line of the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I. The regiment existed continuously until 2006, when it amalgamated with the King's Own Scottish Borderers to become the Royal Scots Borderers, which merged with the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment), the Black Watch, the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland.
Silver distichodus
The silver distichodus (Distichodus affinis) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Distichodontidae. It is found in the Congo River basin in Africa and is known from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Republic of Congo. This species has a maximum total length of 20 cm (7.9 in).

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Football at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's tournament
The women's football tournament at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada was held at the Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium in Hamilton from July 11 to 25.

For the football competition in these Games, the women competed in an eight-team tournament. The teams were grouped into two pools of four teams each for a round-robin preliminary round. The top two teams in each group advanced to a single elimination bracket. The women's competition was an open-age competition with no age restrictions.

Canada were the defending champions from the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara. The gold medal was won by Brazil.

Hamilton Stadium
Hamilton Stadium (originally Tim Hortons Field) is a multi-purpose stadium in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Completed in 2014 with a capacity of 22,500, it was built as a replacement on the same site as the previous stadium, named Ivor Wynne Stadium, which had been there since 1930. It is primarily used for Canadian football and soccer, and is the home of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League and Forge FC of the Canadian Premier League, amongst other teams.

The stadium has also played host to the international soccer tournament at the 2015 Pan American Games as well as various other sports and music concerts.
Kherson TV Tower
Kherson TV Tower (Ukrainian: Херсонська телевежа) was a 199 m (653 ft) tall steel space framed truss communications tower located in the Ukrainian city of Kherson. The building was uniquely built, having been built by using the cross bracing system. The tower was a truss TV tower, specifically, a Vierendeel truss tower, wherein a structure's members are not triangulated but form rectangular openings instead (see Vierendeel Truss). The tower had an antenna that measured 199.95 m (656 ft) and a roof that measured 189.89 m (623 ft). The tower possessed a total height of 200 m (656 ft), and was the tallest structure in the Kherson Oblast.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the tower was destroyed by retreating Russian forces on 10 November 2022.

Space frame
A space frame or space structure (3D truss) is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used in architecture and structural engineering to span large areas with few interior supports. Like the truss, a space frame is strong because of the inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut.

Chief applications include buildings and vehicles.
Agra famine of 1837–1838
The Agra famine of 1837–1838 was a famine in the newly established North-Western Provinces (formerly Ceded and Conquered Provinces) of Company-ruled India that affected an area of 25,000 square miles (65,000 km2) and a population of 8 million people.  The central Doab in present-day Uttar Pradesh—the region of the districts of Kanpur, Etawah, Mainpuri, Agra and Kalpi—was the hardest hit; the trans-Jumna districts of Jalaun, Hamirpur, and Banda also suffered extreme distress.

By the end of 1838, approximately 800,000 people had died of starvation, as had an even larger number of livestock.  The famine came to be known in folk memory as chauranvee, (Hindi, literally, "of ninety four,") for the year 1894 in the Samvat calendar corresponding to the year 1838 CE.

Banda, Uttar Pradesh
Banda is a city and a municipal board in Banda district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Banda is divided among north, east, west and south Banda. Banda lies south of the Yamuna river in the Bundelkhand region. It is the administrative headquarters of Banda District. The town is well connected to major cities with railways and state highways. The town is near the right bank of the river Ken, 189 km south-west of Allahabad.

Banda was a town and district of British India, in the Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The population in 1901 was 22,565. It was formerly, but is no longer, a military cantonment.
Vinay K. Nandicoori
Vinay Kumar Nandicoori (born 1 March 1969) is an Indian immunologist, biotechnologist and currently the director of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, India. He is known for his studies on the kinase-mediated signaling networks in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis. Holder of a master's degree in biotechnology from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and a PhD from the Indian Institute of Science, Nandicoori did his post doctoral work the University of Virginia and Texas A & M University.

The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2010. He is also a member of Guha Research Conference, an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India and a recipient of the NASI-Scopus Young Scientist Award, which he received in 2009.

Guha Research Conference
Guha Research Conference (GRC) is a professional society set up by Indian scholars to develop the field of Biochemistry. It was established in 1960, and is named after Biresh Chandra Guha (1904-1962).

The first four GRC meetings were held alongside the annual conference of the Indian Science Congress. Subsequently, under the guidance of Pushpa Mittra Bhargava, it was registered as a society with a convener elected annually, to organize the annual conference. According to Parthasarathi Benerjee, affiliation to GRC, "acts as the token, assuring easier access to prizes of several sorts."

During its formative years (1960–65), GRC had 33 professionals from major national institutes such as AIIMS, CMC Vellore, IISc, Tata Memorial Centre, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Banaras Hindu University, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, and TIFR. By 2004, the membership had grown to 114 members.
Battle of Mindouos
The Battle of Mindouos was fought between the Persians and Byzantines just after the battle of Thannuris (528). Procopius wrongly claimed that the two battles were one. The Byzantine commander Belisarius was ordered to build a fortress at the location. When Persian forces arrived in the area, his forces were routed in a battle on a nearby hill. As Belisarius was promoted shortly afterwards, it is likely that he was not seen as being responsible himself for the defeat. It is possible but unlikely that Belisarius was not the overall commander of the Byzantine army, but a junior partner.

Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (/proʊˈkoʊpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c. 500 – 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the infamous Secret History.
Georges Debunne
Georges Debunne (2 May 1918 – 21 September 2008) was a Belgian trade union leader.

Born in Menen, Debunne qualified as a teacher, and worked in Halle, joining the trade union.  After World War II, he was elected as full-time secretary of the civil engineering section of the General Union of Public Services, then as national secretary of its civil service section.  In 1956, he was elected as president of the union.  In 1968, he was elected as general secretary of the General Federation of Belgian Labour, and also as a vice-president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.  In 1983, he was elected as president of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC).  He retired in 1985, becoming secretary of the ETUC's Federation of Retired and Elderly People.

In 2005, Debunne was a founder of the small Committee for Another Policy political party.

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union. It came into being on 7 December 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and was dissolved on 31 October 2006 when it merged with the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) to form the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC).

Prior to being dissolved, the ICFTU had a membership of 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories.
1969–70 County Antrim Shield
The 1969–70 County Antrim Shield was the 81st edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Bangor won the tournament for the 1st time, defeating Ards 3–2 in the third final replay at Solitude after three previously drawn matches.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
July 1963 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Saturday, July 6, 1963, with an umbral magnitude of 0.7060. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 5.7 days after apogee (on July 1, 1963, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Corboy Glebe
Corboy Glebe (from Irish Corr Buí meaning 'The Yellow Hill (of the Glebe)') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.

Mellifont Abbey
Mellifont Abbey (Irish: An Mhainistir Mhór, literally 'the Big Monastery'), was a Cistercian abbey located close to Drogheda in County Louth, Ireland. It was the first abbey of the order to be built in Ireland. In 1152, it hosted the Synod of Kells-Mellifont. After its dissolution in 1539, the abbey became a private manor house. This saw the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont in 1603 and served as William of Orange's headquarters in 1690 during the Battle of the Boyne.

Today, the ruined abbey is a national monument of Ireland and accessible to the public. The English language name for the monastery, 'Mellifont', comes from the Latin phrase  Melli-fons, meaning 'Font of Honey'.
Goba Gorinchem
Goba Gorinchem is a Dutch basketball club based in Gorinchem. Established on 1 May 1970, the team played three seasons in the Eredivisie, the highest tier of Dutch basketball. GOBA entered the Eredivisie in 1993 and left in 1996. In the 1994–95 season, the team won the national NBB Cup.

In the 1995–96 season, Goba played two European games against Finnish club Namika Lahti.

Namika Lahti
Namika Lahti was a basketball club based in Lahti, Finland. The club played in the Korisliiga, the top Finnish championship league. The club was established in 1898 in Vyborg and moved to Lahti in 1947. In 2015, the club was dissolved, after economic problems.
Police and Internal Affairs Servicemen's Day
Police and Internal Affairs Servicemen's Day (Russian: День сотрудника органов внутренних дел, romanized: Den' sotrudnika organov vnutrennikh del), commonly known outside Russia as the Day of the Police (Russian: День полиции, romanized: Den' politsii; Kazakh: Полиция күні, romanized: Politsiia künı; Tajik: Рӯзи милитсия, romanized: Rūzi militsija; Kyrgyz: ИИМ күнү; Belarusian: Дзень паліцыі, romanized: Dzień palicyi; Ukrainian: День поліції, romanized: Den politsii; Romanian: Ziua de poliție, Uzbek: Politsiya kuni) is a public holiday celebrated in Russia and most post-Soviet republics which honors all those serving in their national police. Russia, the most notable country to celebrate the holiday, was a pioneer in this celebration, using the occasion to honor the Police of Russia.

Tajik alphabet
The Tajik language has been written in three alphabets over the course of its history: the original Persian alphabet, a briefly used Roman-based orthography, and—more recently—a Cyrillic-based alphabet that is currently the official script in the Republic of Tajikistan.

The use of a specific alphabet generally corresponds with stages in history, with Arabic being used first for most of the time, followed by Latin, as a result of the Soviet takeover, for a short period and then Cyrillic, which remains the most widely used alphabet in Tajikistan. The Bukhori dialect spoken by Bukharan Jews traditionally used the Hebrew alphabet, but today is written using the Cyrillic variant.
John Weinzweig
John Jacob Weinzweig OC OOnt (March 11, 1913 – August 24, 2006) was a composer, teacher, and advocate of contemporary Canadian concert music.

Born in Toronto, Weinzweig went to Harbord Collegiate Institute, then studied music at the University of Toronto. In 1937, he left for the United States to study under Bernard Rogers. During the Second World War, he began composing film music, and in 1952 he became a professor at the University of Toronto. In the previous year he had co-founded the Canadian League of Composers, and he was actively involved in several other organizations representing musicians and composers.

In 1948 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "Divertimenti No 1 for Solo Flute and Strings".

In 1974, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1988, he was awarded the Order of Ontario.

In 2004, Weinzweig was the recipient of the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award at the annual SOCAN Awards in Toronto.

Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
The Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN) is a Canadian nonprofit performance rights organization that represents the performing rights of more than 175,000 songwriters, composers and music publishers. The organization collects license fees through a music licensing program approved by the Copyright Board of Canada.

The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame and the SOCAN Foundation are divisions of SOCAN. The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame works to "honour and celebrate Canadian songwriters, and those who have dedicated their lives to the legacy of music, and to educate the public about their achievements", while the SOCAN Foundation provides awards, grant funding, and programs for Canadian musicians.
Nigel Paneth
Nigel Sefton Paneth (born 19 September 1946) is an English pediatrician and epidemiologist who serves as Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Pediatrics at Michigan State University. He is known for his research on the causes of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy. He formerly served as a designer and principal investigator for the National Children's Study.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It supports and conducts research aimed at improving the health of children, adults, families, and communities, including:

Reducing infant deaths

Promoting healthy pregnancy and childbirth

Investigating growth and human development

Examining problems of birth defects and intellectual and developmental disabilities

Understanding reproductive health

Enhancing function across the lifespan through rehabilitation research
Sonoita lightfooti
Sonoita is a formerly monotypic genus of jumping spiders. It was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1903, and is found only in Africa.

While its formerly single species, Sonoita lightfooti, was described in 1903, a second species was described in 2022.

George and Elizabeth Peckham
George Williams Peckham (March 23, 1845 – January 10, 1914) and Elizabeth Maria Gifford Peckham (December 19, 1854 – February 11, 1940) were a married couple who were early American teachers, taxonomists, ethologists, arachnologists, and entomologists, specializing in animal behavior and in the study of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) and wasps.
Australian cricket team in Australia in 1950–51
The 1950-51 Australians defeated the touring England team 4-1 in the 1950-51 Ashes series, Australia's last Ashes success until 1958-59. The series was tilted the balance from the powerful Australian teams of the 1940s to the strong England teams of the 1950s. While in the end they won easily the team made heavy weather of defeating a weak touring team and would lose the next three hard-fought Ashes series. The newly knighted Sir Donald Bradman had retired from cricket, but most of his great 1948 Australian team still played and Australia had not lost a Test series since 1932-33.

Australian cricket team in England in 1953
The Australian cricket team toured England in the 1953 season to play a five-match Test series against England for The Ashes.

England won the final Test to take the series 1–0 after the first four Tests were all drawn. England therefore recovered the Ashes for the first time since losing them in 1934.