hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
It Ain't Necessarily So
"It Ain't Necessarily So" is a popular song with music by George Gershwin and lyrics by his brother Ira Gershwin. The song comes from the Gershwins' opera Porgy and Bess (1935) where it is sung by the character Sportin' Life, a drug dealer, who expresses his doubt about several statements in the Bible. The song's melody also functions as a leitmotif for Sportin' Life's character.

Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.
The Cruel Gift
The Cruel Gift: A Tragedy is a tragedy (with an unusual happy ending) written by Susanna Centlivre, first performed at Drury Lane in 1716 (and published in 1717). Nicholas Rowe wrote the play's epilogue.

The story of Ghismunda and Guiscardo in The Decameron (retold by John Dryden as the poem Sigismonda and Guiscardo (1700)) was an influence on Centlivre's play.

Epilogue
An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogo, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks directly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the beginning of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest. Some genres, for example television programs and video games, call the epilogue an "outro" patterned on the use of "intro" for "introduction".

Epilogues are usually set in the future, after the main story is completed. Within some genres it can be used to hint at the next installment in a series of work. It is also used to satisfy the reader's curiosity and to cover any loose ends of the story.
Bot herder
Bot herders are hackers who use automated techniques to scan specific network ranges and find vulnerable systems, such as machines without current security patches, on which to install their bot program. The infected machine then becomes one of many zombies in a botnet and responds to commands given by the bot herder, usually via an Internet Relay Chat channel.

One of the notable bot herders includes the controller of Conficker, a prolific worm from 2009.

A bot herder usually uses a pseudonym to keep themselves anonymous and may use proxy servers, shell accounts, and bouncers to conceal their IP address thus maintaining anonymity.

Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
Saccharification
Saccharification is a term in biochemistry for denoting any chemical change wherein a monosaccharide molecule remains intact after becoming unbound from another saccharide. For example, when a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose).

Enzymes such as amylases (e.g. in saliva) and glycoside hydrolase (e.g. within the brush border of the small intestine) are able to perform exact saccharification through enzymatic hydrolysis.
Through thermolysis, saccharification can also occur as a transient result, among many other possible effects, during caramelization.

Amylase
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
No. 41 Squadron (Finland)
No. 41 Squadron (Finnish: Pommituslentolaivue 41 or PLe.Lv.41) was a bomber unit of the Finnish Air Force formed in 1946 and based at Luonetjärvi. The squadron belonged to Flying Regiment 4. In 1951 the unit was renamed into No. 41 Squadron (Lentolaivue 41 or Le.Lv.41).

Jyväskylä Airport
Jyväskylä Airport (IATA: JYV, ICAO: EFJY; Finnish: Jyväskylän lentoasema) is an airport in Jyväskylä, Finland. It is in the center of the Finnish Lake District, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the center of Jyväskylä. The airport terminal was renovated in the fall of 2004.

The Air Force Academy operations are stationed at the airport. The main campus of the Air Force Academy is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the airport. The Aviation Museum of Central Finland is near the airport.
Cophoscincopus
Cophoscincopus (common name: keeled water skinks) is a genus of skinks, lizards in the family Scincidae. The genus is  endemic to West Africa. As suggested by the common name, species in the genus Cophoscincopus are semi-aquatic.

Semiaquatic
In biology, being semiaquatic refers to various macro-organisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in which case they can also be called amphibious), or land animals that have spent at least one life stage (e.g. as eggs or larvae) in aquatic environments. When referring to plants, the term describes land plants whose roots have adapted well to tolerate regular, prolonged submersion in water, as well as emergent and (occasionally) floating-leaved aquatic plants that are only partially immersed in water.

Examples of semiaquatic animals and plants are given below.
Alexander Neil McLean
Alexander Neil McLean (November 12, 1885 – March 12, 1967) was a Canadian businessman and an appointee to the Senate of Canada.

Born in Hartland, New Brunswick, he was known as Neil. Along with his brother, Allan, in 1923 he and a group of investors took control of Connors Brothers Limited, a large fish processing business based in Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick. As president of the company, Neil McLean built the business into the world's largest producer of canned sardines.

In 1945, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Neil McLean to the Senate for the Southern New Brunswick division. He served until his death in 1967.

Hartland, New Brunswick
Hartland is a town in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada.

On 1 January 2023, Hartland annexed all or part of seven local service districts, greatly expanding its area and population. The annexed communities' names remain in official use. Revised census figures have not been released.
McCoy, Grove & Atkinson
McCoy, Grove & Atkinson was an Australian commercial law firm. It was established in 1887 in Marrickville, New South Wales, by Richard McCoy and soon after moved to Castlereagh Street, Sydney. The name of McCoy, Grove & Atkinson was adopted in 1929 and in 1956 the firm of Fitzhardinge, Son & Yeomans was subsumed into the partnership. The firm closed on 30 June 2014.

Castlereagh Street
Castlereagh Street is a 1.6-kilometre-long (1 mi) major street located in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs north-to-south, in a one way direction only.
Clinical Ovarian Cancer & Other Gynecologic Malignancies
Clinical Ovarian Cancer & Other Gynecologic Malignancies was a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier. It covered research on the detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Specific areas of interest included clinical research and mechanistic approaches, drug sensitivity and resistance, gene and antisense therapy, pathology, markers, and prognostic indicators, chemoprevention strategies, multimodality therapy, and integration of various approaches. It was replaced by Clinical Ovarian and other Gynecologic Cancer, which was discontinued in 2016.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Puven Pather
Puven Pather is an Australian film director, screenwriter, actor and stunt performer born in South Africa.

Puven has been married to actress Jessica Gower since 2004, and the couple have a daughter named Sequoia.

Stunt performer
A stunt performer, often called a stuntman or stuntwoman and occasionally stuntperson or stunt-person, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.
Cavalo (album)
Cavalo is the first solo album of singer Rodrigo Amarante. It was first released September 2013 in Brazil by the record label Som Livre & re-released in May 2014 by the label Easy Sound.

A re-recorded special edition of Cavalo was recently released and re-issued in vinyl and on streaming services.

Fabrizio Moretti
Fabrizio Moretti (born June 2, 1980) also known as Fab Moretti, is a Brazilian-American musician and visual artist best known as the drummer for American rock band The Strokes, with whom he has released six studio albums since 2001. A collaborative artist, he has been part of a series of groups since the mid-2000s, most notably the Brazilian-American band Little Joy, which released one album in 2008, and the experimental pop collective machinegum, which he has led since 2018. Throughout his career, Moretti has worked on a variety of art projects which span the mediums of drawing, sculpture, and installation and  performance art.
Liquor & Gaming NSW
Liquor & Gaming NSW is an agency of the Government of New South Wales, that is part of the Customer Service cluster. Liquor and Gaming NSW is responsible for the development, implementation and integrity of the regulatory framework for liquor sales, licensed clubs, gaming activities and casino regulation in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The agency reports to the Minister for Customer Service and Digital Government.

Liquor and Gaming NSW also provides Secretariat services to the Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority, which determines licence applications and makes associated decisions, and exercises some decision-making delegations granted by the Authority.

Minister for Customer Service and Digital Government
The Minister for Customer Service and Digital Government is a minister in the Government of New South Wales responsible for administering legislation and policy in relation to the state's revenues, consumer affairs regulations, innovation policy, property and housing administration, co-operative societies, and government records in New South Wales, Australia. The minister's responsibilities also include matters relating to government services and service delivery, and their improvement.

The minister administers their portfolio through the Customer Service cluster, in particular the Department of Customer Service, Service NSW, the State Records Authority, NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages and a range of other government agencies.

Ultimately the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Ignace, Ontario
Ignace /ˈɪɡneɪs/ is a township in the Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, located at Highway 17 (Trans Canada Highway) and Secondary Highway 599, and on the Canadian Pacific Railway between Thunder Bay and Dryden, Ontario. It is on the shore of Agimak Lake, and as of 2021, the population of Ignace was 1,206.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Cool Biz campaign
The Cool Biz campaign is a Japanese campaign initiated by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment from mid-2005 as a means to help reduce Japanese electricity consumption by limiting the use of air conditioning. This was enabled by changing the standard office air conditioner temperature to 28 °C (82 °F) and introducing a liberal summer dress code in the bureaucracy of the Japanese government so staff could work in the warmer temperature. The campaign then spread to the private sector.

This idea was proposed by the then-Minister Yuriko Koike under the cabinet of Prime Minister Junichirō Koizumi. Initially the campaign was from June to September, but from 2011, when there were electricity shortages after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami it was lengthened. It now runs from May to October.

Minister of the Environment (Japan)
The Minister of the Environment (環境大臣, Kankyou Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of the Environment. The minister is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Hirotaka Ishihara, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Chastoozerye
Chastoozerye (Russian: Частоозерье) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chastoozersky District, Kurgan Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,749 (2010 Census); 2,843 (2002 Census); 3,013 (1989 Soviet census).

Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Narayan Das Ahirwar
Narayan Das Ahirwar is an Indian politician from the Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Lok Sabha Member of Parliament representing Jalaun. He also served as minister in the Uttar Pradesh Government from 2007 to 2011. Ahirwar had started politics in 1982 inspired by Kanshi Ram and joined DSSSS. He was a founding member of the Bahujan Samaj Party and served in many organisational roles of the party. He became dissatisfied with the party policy after 2014, stopped taking major responsibilities and later started aligning with SP, helped strengthen it and officially joined the party in 2022. He contested as the SP and INDIA alliance candidate from Jalaun (SC) in the 2024 general election and was elected.

Government of Uttar Pradesh
The Government of Uttar Pradesh (ISO: Uttara Pradēśa Sarakāra; often abbreviated as GoUP) is the subnational government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with the governor as its appointed constitutional head of the state by the President of India. The Governor of Uttar Pradesh is appointed for a period of five years and appoints the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and their council of ministers, who are vested with the executive powers of the state. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and their council are responsible for day-to-day government functions.

The state of Uttar Pradesh's influence on Indian politics is important, and often paramount and/or a bellwether, as it sends the most members of parliament to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the state's population being more than 200 million; approximately double that of the next-most populous state.
Zignoichthys
Zignoichthys oblongus is an extinct prehistoric relative of the pufferfish and porcupine fish that lived during the Lutetian epoch of the Eocene.  Z. oblongus fossils are found from the Monte Bolca lagerstätte of what is now Italy.

It lacked a pelvis, and probably could not inflate its body like its modern-day relatives.  In life, it would have resembled a paunchy triggerfish or a pufferfish with an elongated, downturned face.

Monte Bolca
45°35′43″N 11°12′36″E﻿ / ﻿45.59528°N 11.21000°E﻿ / 45.59528; 11.21000

Monte Bolca is an Early Eocene-aged geologic site located near Verona, Italy. A Konservat-Lagerstätte, it contains an extremely well-preserved and diverse marine biota, including the most diverse fish fauna of any Cenozoic fossil site, as well as many of the earliest fossil occurrences of modern marine fish groups. It was one of the first fossil sites with high quality preservation known to Europeans, with studies of its biota dating back to the 18th century and earlier, and is still an important source of fossils.
KOPASKA
The Kopaska (Indonesian: Komando Pasukan Katak, lit. 'Frogman Forces Command') is the premier frogman and underwater demolition unit of the Indonesian Navy. The unit's motto is Tan Hana Wighna Tan Sirna (Sanskrit for "There is no obstacle that cannot be defeated").  The unit's main duties are underwater demolition (raiding enemy ships and bases), destroying main underwater installations, reconnaissance, prisoner snatches, preparing beaches for larger naval amphibious operations, and counter-terrorism. During peacetime, the unit also deploys a team to serve as security personnel for VIPs and VVIPs.

The personnel of Kopaska are recruited from Indonesian Navy seamen. Like other Indonesian special forces, Kopaska is trained to be able to conduct operations in the sea, including underwater, on land and airborne.

Very important person
A very important person (VIP or V.I.P.) or personage is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social rank, status, influence, or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War II when it was popularised by Royal Air Force pilots.

Examples include celebrities, heads of state or government, other high-ranking politicians, or any other socially notable person who receives special treatment for any reason. The special treatment usually involves separation from common people, and a higher level of comfort or service.
The Treasures of Agra
The Treasures of Agra (Russian: Приключения Шерлока Холмса и доктора Ватсона: Сокровища Агры) is a 1983 Soviet television film, the fourth of five in the series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. It was directed by Igor Maslennikov.

It starred Vasily Livanov as Sherlock Holmes and Vitaly Solomin as Dr. Watson.

It consists of two episodes: Part One, based on Arthur Conan Doyle's 1890 novel The Sign of the Four (beginning), and Part Two, based on  his 1891 short story "A Scandal in Bohemia" and The Sign of the Four (continuation and conclusion).

Vitaly Solomin
Vitaly Mefodievich Solomin (Russian: Виталий Мефодьевич Соломин; 12 December 1941 – 27 May 2002) was a Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter, best remembered for playing Dr. Watson in a series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations for Soviet television. He was the younger brother of Yury Solomin.
Sørfjorden (Hasvik)
Sørfjorden (Norwegian) or Meahkovuotna (Northern Sami) is a fjord on the island of Stjernøya in Hasvik Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 4.5-kilometre (2.8 mi) long fjord begins between Roren in the west and Nordnes in the east. The fjord goes directly southeast to the Nerdalen valley at the end of the fjord. Sørfjorden is the westernmost of the fjords on Stjernøya. There are several isolated farms along the fjord. The fjord flows out into the Sørøysundet strait.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Skinn
Skinn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Masterman Skinn (1747–1789), English novelist

Dez Skinn (born 1951), British comic

Tony Skinn (born 1983), Nigerian–American basketball player

Tony Skinn
Tony Oludewa Skinn (born February 8, 1983) is a Nigerian–American basketball coach and former player. He played guard for the George Mason Patriots from 2003 to 2006, later playing professionally for six years. Skinn is currently the head men's basketball coach at his alma mater, George Mason University. Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Skinn migrated with his family to the United States at the age of two.
Rules for traffic lights
Traffic lights – devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations – control flows of traffic with social norms and laws created by the state. Traffic signals have to convey messages to drivers in a short period of time about constantly-changing road rules.

Hook turn
A hook turn (Australian English) or two-stage turn (British English), also known as a Copenhagen Left (in reference to cyclists specifically and in countries with right-handed traffic), is a road cycling manoeuvre or a motor vehicle traffic-control mechanism in which vehicles that would normally turn from the innermost lane of an intersection instead turn from the outermost lane, across all other lanes of traffic.

Hook turns are commonly used by cyclists as a safer alternative to merging with motor vehicles, or having to cross multiple lanes of traffic to reach a turning lane.

The legal use of hook turns by motor vehicles is relatively rare, but has been implemented in some jurisdictions (notably Melbourne, Australia) to keep the centre of a road free from congestion for use by light rail transit such as trams or other dedicated road services.