hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1998 Yosu submersible incident
The 1998 Yosu submersible incident was a naval skirmish that occurred off of the southern coast of South Korea between 17 and 18 December 1998. On the evening of 17 December, a South Korean observation post sighted a North Korean semi-submersible naval vessel in the vicinity of the city of Yosu. The semi-submersible was discovered and sunk during a subsequent search and skirmish on the morning of 18 December.

Yeosu
Yeosu, formerly romanized as Yosu, is a coastal city located on the southern shore of South Korea. With a population of 268,823, Yeosu is the second largest city in South Jeolla Province. In 1998, the Old Yeosu City, Yeocheon City and Yeocheon County were merged and the current city, Yeosu, was formed.
2011 Vattenfall Cyclassics
The 2011 Vattenfall Cyclassics was the 16th edition of the Vattenfall Cyclassics, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 21 August 2011, over a distance of 215 km (133.6 mi), starting and finishing in Hamburg, Germany. It was the 22nd event of the 2011 UCI World Tour season.

Fresh from his victory in the Eneco Tour a week before the Cyclassics, Team Sky's Edvald Boasson Hagen – who, in 2010, was second to Tyler Farrar, who elected to compete in the concurrent Vuelta a España in 2011 – took the victory in a sprint finish out of a large group of riders, who had broken away after a split in the field. Boasson Hagen had attacked from 250 metres out, and held off Gerald Ciolek, who took second place for Quick-Step, while Borut Božič completed the podium for Vacansoleil–DCM.

Gerald Ciolek
Gerald Michael Ciolek (born 19 September 1986) is a German former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2005 and 2016. He currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Continental team Dauner–Akkon.
Arthroleptis variabilis
Arthroleptis variabilis is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is found in the lowlands of eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including the island of Bioko), Gabon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Earlier records west from Nigeria refer to other species, including Arthroleptis krokosua described in 2008. Common names Buea screeching frog and variable squeaker frog have been coined for it.

Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae /ˌɑːrθroʊˈlɛptɪdiː/ are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. This group includes African treefrogs in the genus Leptopelis along with the terrestrial breeding squeakers Arthroleptis, and several genera restricted to the Guinean forests of central and west Africa, such as the hairy frog (Trichobatrachus).
C&L Electric Cooperative
C&L Electric Cooperative Corporation is a non-profit rural electric utility cooperative in Arkansas, in the United States. It is headquartered in Star City, Arkansas, with district offices in Dumas and Sheridan, Arkansas.

The Cooperative was organized in 1938 and the first power lines were energized in December 1939.

The Cooperative serves portions of eight counties in the state of Arkansas, in a territory generally surrounding Star City: Bradley, Cleveland, Dallas, Desha, Drew, Grant, Jefferson, and Lincoln.

As of July 2018, the Cooperative maintains more than 4,385 miles of power lines, and services 22,192 members.

Grant County, Arkansas
Grant County, officially the County of Grant, is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its population was 17,958 at the 2020 United States census. The county seat is Sheridan. Grant County is included in the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway metropolitan area. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
2023–24 Northern Premier League
The 2023–24 season was the 56th season of the Northern Premier League. The league consists of four divisions, the Premier Division at Step 3 of the National League System, and the West, East and Midlands divisions at Step 4.

National League System (football)
The National League System comprises the six levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League. It comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association. The National League System has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. For details of leagues above and below the National League System, see the English football league system.

The system underwent a rearrangement from 2004 to 2008 and was rearranged again in 2018. Phase one went into operation in 2004–05. At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England. Phase four took effect in 2018–19. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Step 7 was abolished, being replaced by feeder leagues overseen by local county FAs.
Empis livida
Empis livida is a species of fly in the Empididae family. It is included in the subgenus Kritempis of the genus Empis. Males range from 7.5 to 9.3 millimetres (0.30 to 0.37 in), females 7.5 to 10.2 millimetres (0.30 to 0.40 in). The male's abdomen is brownish and its wings appear faintly brown and clouded. The female's abdomen is gray and its wings are clear. E. livida lives in hedgerows, feeding on the nectar of several species of Rosaceae, several species of Asteraceae, and Heracleum sphondylium nectar; they also feed on other insects. They live all across temperate and Northern Europe, the only species with such a wide distribution. E. livida larvae are also carnivorous and live in damp soil and leaf litter. Adults fly in between April and July.

Heracleum sphondylium
Heracleum sphondylium, commonly known as hogweed or common hogweed, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, which includes fennel, cow parsley, ground elder and giant hogweed. It is native to most of Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, but is introduced in North America and elsewhere. Other common names include cow parsnip (not to be confused with Heracleum maximum of North America). The flowers provide a great deal of nectar for pollinators.
Zhang Li (director)
Zhang Li (Chinese: 张黎; born 1 April 1957) is a Chinese director and cinematographer best known for his directorial works Towards the Republic (2001), Ming Dynasty in 1566 (2006), Memories In China (2007), The Road We Have Taken (2008), and Young Marshal (2014).

Zhang became a frequent collaborator with director Feng Xiaogang, as cinematographer on his films Sigh (2000), Big Shot's Funeral (2001), A World Without Thieves (2004), and The Banquet (2006).

Li Bingbing
Li Bingbing (Chinese: 李冰冰; pinyin: Lǐ Bīngbīng; born 27 February 1973) is a Chinese actress. She  gained critical acclaim for her role in Seventeen Years (1999) and received widespread success with films such as A World Without Thieves (2004), The Knot (2006), The Forbidden Kingdom (2008), The Message (2009), and Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame (2010). Li has also starred in Hollywood films Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014), and The Meg (2018).

Li ranked 26th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 28th in 2014, 13th in 2015, 29th in 2017, and 76th in 2019.
Tímea Szögi
Tímea Szögi (born 20 February 1990 in Szeged) is a retired Hungarian handballer who played as a playmaker.

Szögi joined the club in 2007 and was member of the team that finished fourth in the Hungarian Championship in 2009 and 2010. She also played in Békéscsaba's Hungarian Cup campaign in 2010, when they eventually finished third and collected the bronze medal.

Tímea represented Hungary starting from younger age categories and was one of the playmakers who led the national team to the Women's 19 European Championship silver medal in 2009 on home soil. In September 2010 she gave birth to a baby and returned into action in the spring of following year.

Szeged
Szeged (/ˈsɛɡɛd/ SEG-ed, Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ⓘ; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
Josef Velenovský
Josef Velenovský (22 April 1858 – 7 May 1949) was a Czech botanist, mycologist, pteridologist, and bryologist. He also worked with fossils. He was a research investigator and professor in the Botanical Institute of the University of Prague, alternating with his colleague Ladislav Josef Čelakovský. He was also professor of botany at Charles University, where he concentrated in the study of mycology in the final half of his life. Velenovský collected innumerable specimens, particularly in new central Bohemia. He was a prolific author (or coauthor) of new fungal species, having formally described about 2700 in his career. Many of his type specimens and other collections are located in the herbarium of the Národní Museum of Prague. He closely collaborated with the Czech botanist Václav Stříbrný, for example in offering his exsiccata-like specimen series Flora bulgarica in the 1890th for sale.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
Long-Sault Bridge
The Long-Sault Bridge (French: Pont du Long-Sault) is a bridge connecting Hawkesbury, Ontario and Grenville, Quebec. It crosses the Ottawa River via Chenail Island. It connects Quebec Route 344 and Ontario Highway 34, and is the only fixed crossing of the Ottawa River between Ottawa and Montreal.

The bridge was built and completed in 1998 to replace the original Perley Bridge built in 1931 (and which was demolished in 1999).

Ontario Highway 34
King's Highway 34, commonly referred to as Highway 34, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The route connects Highway 417 south of Vankleek Hill with Hawkesbury. It is 16.9 kilometres (10.5 mi) long, traveling through a mostly rural portion of the lower Ottawa Valley near the Ontario–Quebec border. The highway formerly continued 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Highway 417 to Highway 2 in Lancaster. However, this section was decommissioned as a provincial highway and was subsequently redesignated as Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry County Road 34.
Ephebic oath
The ephebic oath was an oath sworn by young men of Classical Athens, typically eighteen-year-old sons of Athenian citizens, upon induction into the military academy, the Ephebic College, graduation from which was required to attain status as citizens.  The applicant would have been dressed in full armour, shield and spear in his left hand, his right hand raised and touching the right hand of the moderator.  The oath was quoted by the Attic orator Lycurgus, in his work Against Leocrates (4th century BC), though it is certainly archaic (5th century BC). The Ephebate, an organization for training the young men of Athens, chiefly in military matters, had existed since the 5th century but was reorganized by Lycurgus. The oath was taken in the temple of Aglaurus, daughter of Cecrops, probably at the age of eighteen when the youth underwent an examination (Greek: δοκιμασία) and had his name entered on the deme register. He was then an ephebos until the age of twenty.

Aglaurus, daughter of Cecrops
In Greek mythology, Aglaurus (/əˈɡlɔːrəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄγλαυρος) or Agraulus (/əˈɡrɔːləs/; Ἄγραυλος) was the daughter of the Attic king Cecrops I and Aglaurus, the daughter of Actaeus. By the god Ares, she was the mother of Alcippe.
Sturt Gorge Recreation Park
The Sturt Gorge Recreation Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located in the suburbs of Bellevue Heights, Craigburn Farm and Flagstaff Hill within the Adelaide metropolitan area about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of the Adelaide central business district.

The park was established in 1973. and protects an area  recognised as an area of great geological significance. It channels the Sturt River down to the Adelaide Plains.

The Sturt Tillite formation was the first area in the world to provide definite evidence of Cryogenian glaciation (the Snowball Earth). It is hypothesised that the landform was created from glacial material that dropped from ice floating in the ocean which covered the area 800 million years ago.

Fires of any kind are prohibited in the park.

It is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area. In 1980, the recreation park was listed on the former Register of the National Estate.

Till
Till, or glacial till, is unsorted glacial sediment.

Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier. It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.

Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes.
Calea (plant)
Calea is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in Mexico, Central America, and South America.

Extracts of Calea species have had antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, larvicidal, antiplasmodial, and antihypertensive effects in experiments. Some species are used in traditional medicine and ritual. Calea clematidea is used to treat influenza. Calea ternifolia is used in Mexico to treat dysentery and fever, and native peoples use it to influence their dreams.

Larvicide
A larvicide (alternatively larvacide) is an insecticide that is specifically targeted against the larval life stage of an insect. Their most common use is against mosquitoes. Larvicides may be contact poisons, stomach poisons, growth regulators, or (increasingly) biological control agents.
Active (song)
"Active" is a song by Nigerian singer Asake and American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released on 6 August 2024 through YBNL Nation and Empire Distribution as the second and final single from Asake's third studio album, Lungu Boy. The song was produced by Mike Dean and Sarz, while it samples "Raise Da Roof" by Jazzman Olofin.

Lungu Boy
Lungu Boy is the third studio album by Nigerian singer Asake. A follow-up to his previous album, Work of Art (2023), the album was released on 9 August 2024 through YBNL Nation and Empire Distribution. The album also contains guest appearances from Wizkid, Travis Scott, Stormzy, Central Cee and Ludmilla, alongside production from P.Priime, Magicsticks, Mike Dean, Sarz, Sak Pase and promoted by Olaitan Salaudeen.
Sabino Bautista Concepción
Sabino Bautista Concepción (born 30 August 1963) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Bautista Concepción was born in San Martín Chalchicuautla, San Luis Potosí, in 1963. He served as municipal president of San Martín Chalchicuautla from 2004 to 2006 before serving as a local deputy in the 58th session of the Congress of San Luis Potosí (2006–2009).

In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent San Luis Potosí's 7th congressional district during the 61st session of Congress.

2009 Mexican legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies and 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Calgary Folk Music Festival
The Calgary Folk Music Festival (also known as "Calgary Folk Fest", or CFMF) is a Canadian music festival held on the fourth weekend of July each year at Prince's Island Park, Calgary, Alberta. The four-day event features 70 artists from over 15 countries, who perform for an audience of over 52,000 people across multiple stages.

The festival has attracted a diverse array of notable artists, including Father John Misty, Neko Case, Julia Jacklin, the Avett Brothers, David Byrne, Elvis Costello, Emmylou Harris, Andrew Bird, and Tanya Tagaq.

The 46th annual Calgary Folk Music Festival will take place July 24-27, 2025.

The Avett Brothers
The Avett Brothers /ˈeɪvɪt/ are an American folk rock band from Concord, North Carolina. The band is made up of two brothers, Scott Avett (banjo, lead vocals, guitar, piano, kick-drum) and Seth Avett (guitar, lead vocals, piano, hi-hat) along with Bob Crawford (double bass, electric bass, violin, backing vocals) and Joe Kwon (cello, backing vocals). Mike Marsh (drums), Tania Elizabeth (fiddle) and Bonnie Avett-Rini (piano) are touring members of the band.

Following on from Seth and Scott's former rock band Nemo, The Avett Brothers combine bluegrass, country, 
punk, pop melodies, folk, rock and roll, indie rock, honky tonk, and ragtime to produce a novel sound described by the San Francisco Chronicle as having the "heavy sadness of Townes Van Zandt, the light pop concision of Buddy Holly, the tuneful jangle of the Beatles, the raw energy of the Ramones."
Globig-Bleddin
Globig-Bleddin is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Globig-Bleddin is divided into the subdivisions of Globig and Bleddin. Since 2009, it has been part of Kemberg. Globig-Bleddin lies about 20 km southeast of Lutherstadt Wittenberg on the Elbe. Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 182 between Torgau and Wittenberg lies 11 km from the community.

Torgau
Torgau (German pronunciation: [ˈtɔʁɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district Nordsachsen.

Outside Germany, the town is best known as where on 25 April 1945, the United States and Soviet Armies first met near the end of World War II.
Dimethylcadmium
Dimethylcadmium is the organocadmium compound with the formula Cd(CH3)2.  It is a colorless, highly toxic liquid that fumes in air. It is a linear molecule with C-Cd bond lengths of 213 pm. The compound finds limited use as a reagent in organic synthesis and in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It has also been used in the synthesis of cadmium selenide nanoparticles, although efforts have been made to replace it in this capacity due to its toxicity.

Dimethylcadmium is prepared by treating cadmium dihalides with methyl Grignard reagents or methyllithium.

CdBr2 + 2 CH3MgBr → Cd(CH3)2 + 2 MgBr2

The same method was used in the first preparation of this compound.

Dimethylcadmium is a weak Lewis acid, forming a labile adduct with diethyl ether. A yellow, air-sensitive adduct is formed with 2,2'-bipyridine.

Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy
Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), also known as organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), is a chemical vapour deposition method used to produce single- or polycrystalline thin films. It is a process for growing crystalline layers to create complex semiconductor multilayer structures.  In contrast to molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), the growth of crystals is by chemical reaction and not physical deposition.  This takes place not in vacuum, but from the gas phase at moderate pressures (10 to 760 Torr). As such, this technique is preferred for the formation of devices incorporating thermodynamically metastable alloys, and it has become a major process in the manufacture of optoelectronics, such as light-emitting diodes, its most widespread application. It was first demonstrated in 1967 at North American Aviation (later Rockwell International) Autonetics Division in Anaheim CA by Harold M. Manasevit.
Kalju (given name)
Kalju (meaning "cliff") is an Estonian-language male given name.

People named Kalju include:

Kalju Jurkatamm (1941–2024), Estonian sprinter and hurdler

Kalju Kangur (1925–1989), Estonian writer and translator

Kalju Karask (1931–2011), Estonian opera and operetta singer and actor

Kalju Koha (born 1956), Estonian politician

Kalju Komissarov (1946–2017), Estonian actor

Kalju Kruusa (born 1973), Estonian poet, editor and translator

Kalju Lepik, (1920–1999), Estonian poet

Kalju Mätik (1932–2019), Estonian freedom fighter, Soviet dissident

Kalju Ojaste (born 1961), Estonian biathlete

Kalju Orro (born 1952), Estonian actor

Kalju Pitksaar (1931–1995), Estonian chess player

Kalju Põldvere (1929–2011), Estonian zoologist, medical doctor, educator and politician

Kalju Reitel (1921–2004), Estonian sculptor

Kalju Suur (1928–2013), Estonian photographer

Kalju Teras (1922–1990), Estonian educator

Kalju Tonuma, (born 1970), Australian audio artist

Kalju Kruusa
Kalju Kruusa (real name Jaanus Valk; born 10 October 1973, in Tallinn) is an Estonian poet, editor and  translator.

From 1993, he is studying at University of Tartu, Tallinn University and Waseda University (Tokyo). In 2008, he defended his BA thesis on the French symbolist poet Stéphane Mallarmé.

He is one of the founders of the literary group Erakkond ('Hermitkind'), established in 1996. With Hasso Krull, he founded in 2001 the poetry e-magazine Ninniku, being its co-editor until 2010.
Worldwide Protests for Free Expression in Bangladesh
The Worldwide Protests for Free Expression in Bangladesh were a series of rallies outside Bangladeshi embassies and consulates to demand the release of four Bangladeshi bloggers who had been arrested on charges of blasphemy. The protests took place on 25 April – 2 May 2013 and were organised by the Center for Inquiry (CFI), American Atheists, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union. Demonstrations were held in Dhaka, New York City, Washington, D.C., London, Ottawa and other cities around the world. Secularists sought to express their solidarity with those jailed for speaking their minds about religion. Protesters drew attention to those who were being persecuted for exercising free speech, seeking to convince the international community to exert influence to have the bloggers set free by the Bangladeshi government.

American Atheists
American Atheists is a non-profit organization in the United States dedicated to defending the civil liberties of atheists and advocating complete separation of church and state. It provides speakers for colleges, universities, clubs, and the news media. It also publishes books and American Atheist Magazine.

The organization was founded in 1963 by Madalyn Murray O'Hair. She had earlier filed a lawsuit against her school board, with her son William J. Murray as plaintiff, to challenge compulsory prayer and Bible-reading in public schools. Her case, Murray v. Curlett, was consolidated with Abington School District v. Schempp before being heard by the United States Supreme Court. In 1963, the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory Bible reading in public schools was unconstitutional.
Dmitry Lebed
Dmitry Valerievich Lebed (Russian: Дмитрий Валерьевич Лебедь; born 1986), known as The Abakan Strangler (Russian: Абаканский душитель), is a Russian serial killer and rapist who operated in the Khakassian city of Abakan and its surrounding areas. Using rented cars and pretending to be a taxi driver, he raped at least 12 women, at least 5 of whom he successfully murdered. Shortly following his arrest for the murder of 24-year-old Oksana Litvinova, he confessed to other crimes for which he received life imprisonment at a special regime colony.

Abakan
Abakan (Russian: Абака́н [ɐbɐˈkan] ⓘ; Khakas: Ағбан Ağban, Абахан Abaxan) is the capital city of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of the Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.