hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gotthard League
The Gotthard League (de. Gotthardbund, fr. Ligue du Gothard, it. Lega del Gottardo) was a Swiss civil society movement formed in 1940 with the aim to combat defeatism and Nazi propaganda at a time when the Swiss were surrounded by triumphant and obviously aggressive Axis powers armies.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.
Nacera Boukamoum
Nacera Bukamoum (born 9 May 1971) is an Algerian alpine skier. She competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics in both the women's Super G and Women's Giant slalom. She was the flag bearer for Algeria in the Opening Ceremonies.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
One Hundred Years of Homosexuality
One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: and other essays on Greek love is a 1990 book about homosexuality in ancient Greece by the classicist David M. Halperin, in which the author supports the social constructionist school of thought associated with the French philosopher Michel Foucault. The work has been praised by several scholars, but criticized by others, some of whom have attributed to Halperin the view that the coining of the word "homosexuality" in the nineteenth century brought homosexuality into existence. The book was often reviewed alongside John J. Winkler's The Constraints of Desire (1990).

OutWeek
OutWeek was a gay and lesbian weekly news magazine published in New York City from 1989 to 1991. During its two-year existence, OutWeek was widely considered the leading voice of AIDS activism and the initiator of a cool new sensibility in lesbian and gay journalism.
Muiredach mac Eochocáin
Muiredach mac Eochocáin (died 895) or Muiredach mac Eochucáin was a Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid, which is now Ulster, Ireland. He was the son of Eochocán mac Áedo (died 883), a previous king of Ulaid. He ruled as leth-rí (half-king or co-ruler) of Ulaid from 893-895

He may have ruled jointly with Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig (died 896) of the Leth Cathail (Lecale) branch of the Dal Fiatach. His cousin and predecessor Bécc mac Airemóin had been slain by Aitíth mac Laigni (died 898) of the Uí Echach Cobo in 893. Muiredach was also killed by Aitíth in 895.

Iveagh
Iveagh (/ˈaɪveɪ/ EYE-vay; from Irish Uíbh Eachach, meaning 'descendants of Echu') is the name of several historical territorial divisions in what is now County Down, Northern Ireland. Originally it was a Gaelic Irish territory, ruled by the Uí Echach Cobo and part of the overkingdom of Ulaid. From the 12th century the Magennises (Mac Aonghusa) were chiefs of Iveagh. They were based at Rathfriland and were inaugurated at Knock Iveagh. Following the Nine Years' War, the rulers of Iveagh submitted to the English Crown and the territory was divided between them. Iveagh became a barony, which was later split into Iveagh Lower and Iveagh Upper. The territory of Iveagh was also the basis of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore.
The Empty Hearse
"The Empty Hearse" is the first episode of the third series of the BBC television series Sherlock. It was written by Mark Gatiss and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes, Martin Freeman as Dr John Watson, and Mark Gatiss as Mycroft Holmes. It also marks the first appearance of Amanda Abbington as Mary Morstan and Lars Mikkelsen as Charles Augustus Magnussen.

Inspired by "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "The Lost Special" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the episode follows Sherlock Holmes' return to London and reunion with John Watson, along with an underground terrorist network. The episode was first broadcast on BBC One and Channel One on 1 January 2014. It garnered a viewership of 12.7 million people and received positive reviews.

Channel One (Russia)
Channel One (Russian: Первый канал, romanized: Pervý kanal, IPA: [ˈpʲervɨj kɐˈnal], lit. 'First Channel') is a Russian federal television channel. Its headquarters are located at Ostankino Technical Center near the Ostankino Tower in Moscow. The majority of its shares are owned or indirectly controlled by the state.

It was created by decree of Russian president Boris Yeltsin to replace Ostankino Television Channel One, which in turn replaced Programme One in 1991. From April 1995 to September 2002, the channel was known as Public Russian Television (Russian: Общественное Российское Телевидение, romanized: Obshchestvennoye Rossiyskoye Televideniye, ORT [oˈɛrˈtɛ]). The main news programmes are Vremya and Novosti.

Channel One's main competitors are the Russia-1, NTV, 5TV and TV Centre channels. The channel has 2,443 employees as of 2019.
Christopher Jackson (author)
Christopher Jackson  is a British author, journalist, poet, digital painter and businessman who is the current news director of Finito. He has published six books and has written for publications such as The Times, New Statesman, City A.M., and Country Life. As a journalist, he was the deputy editor of Spear's between 2016 and 2019.

Jackson has appeared on television and radio stations such as BFMTV, DR, Bloomberg, BBC Radio 4, and ORF.

As a biographer, he has written biographies of Theresa May, Roger Federer, and Joe Biden.

City A.M.
City AM is a free business-focused newspaper distributed in and around London, England, with an accompanying website. In January 2025, it had a monthly online readership of 4m. In  January 2026 it had a print circulation of 68,422.
Jason Spevack
Jason Spevack is a Canadian-American actor and filmmaker. He is perhaps best known for his roles in Dino Dan, Fever Pitch, Sunshine Cleaning and Ramona and Beezus, as well as receiving a Young Artist Award nomination as Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film for his role in the 2012 comedy film Jesus Henry Christ.

Young Artist Award
The Young Artist Award (originally known as the Youth in Film Award) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Foundation, an American nonprofit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers, and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable.

First presented in 1979, the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater, and music.

The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979, at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season.
John W. Limbert
John W. Limbert (born 1943) is an American diplomat. He is the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Iran in the US State Department's Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. He is a veteran U.S. diplomat and a former official at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, where he was held captive during the Iran hostage crisis.

United States Assistant Secretary of State
Assistant Secretary of State (A/S) is a title used for many executive positions in the United States Department of State, ranking below the under secretaries. A set of six assistant secretaries reporting to the under secretary of state for political affairs manage diplomatic missions within their designated geographic regions, plus one assistant secretary dealing with international organizations and one equivalent as the coordinator/ambassador at large for counterterrorism. Assistant secretaries usually manage individual bureaus of the Department of State. When the manager of a bureau or another agency holds a title other than assistant secretary, such as "director," it can be said to be of "assistant secretary equivalent rank." Assistant secretaries typically have a set of deputies, referred to as deputy assistant secretaries (DAS).
Beckford (Princess Anne, Maryland)
Beckford is a historic home located at Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. It is a late Georgian Flemish bond brick dwelling, five bays wide by three bays deep, two stories with a hipped roof and two large interior chimney stacks. It is situated on the crest of the slope rising from the eastern bank of the Manokin River.

Beckford was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Somerset County, Maryland
Somerset County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,620, making it the second-least populous county in Maryland. The county seat is Princess Anne. The county is part of the Lower Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Mary, Lady Somerset, the wife of Sir John Somerset and daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour (c. 1560–1639). She was also the sister of Anne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore (1615–1649), who later lent her name to Anne Arundel County, which was erected in 1650 as the Province of Maryland's third county.

Somerset County is located on the state's Eastern Shore. It is included in the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The University of Maryland Eastern Shore is located in Princess Anne.
Gaydarbek Gaydarbekov
Gaydarbek Abdulovich Gaydarbekov (Russian: Гайдарбек Абдулович Гайдарбеков) (born October 6, 1976) is a Russian boxer who has won two Olympic medals in Middleweight, including the gold medal at the 2004 games. He qualified for the Athens Olympics by winning the 2004 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Pula, Croatia. Today he is perhaps best known for defeating future boxing superstar Gennady Golovkin, from Kazakhstan, in the 2004 Olympic finals. Despite his brilliant amateur pedigree, he never turned professional.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics, he got the silver medal after losing 15–17 in a closely contested final against Cuba's Jorge Gutiérrez.

Pula
Pula, also known as Pola, its Italian name, is the largest city in Istria County, western Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, with a population of 52,220 in 2021. It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991.
For Better, or Worse
For Better, or Worse is the seventeenth studio album by John Prine. It consists of tracks in which the artist teams with an all-star contingent of female singers on a selection of vintage country songs as duets. It was his first studio album in nine years, preceded by 2007's Standard Songs for Average People.

Morgane Stapleton
Morgane Stapleton (pronounced "Morgan"; née Hayes; born January 25, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and the wife of Chris Stapleton. She performs background, harmony, and duet vocals in her husband's band, was instrumental in the creation of his debut album Traveller, and has contributed to all of his subsequent projects, including co-producing his fifth album Higher. A songwriter in her own right, she has written material that has been recorded by Carrie Underwood, Kellie Pickler, and LeAnn Rimes among others and also appeared as a background session vocalist on records by Underwood, Pickler, Lee Ann Womack, and Joe Nichols.
Dala'il al-I'jaz
Dalā'il al-I'jāz fī al-Qur'ān (Arabic: دلائل الإعجاز في القرآن, romanized: The Proofs of Inimitability in the Qur'ān) is a foundational work of Arabic literary theory and Arabic rhetoric written by the 11th-century Persian-born grammarian and theorist 'Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 1078 CE / 471 AH). It is widely regarded as a pioneering text in the field of ʿilm al-balāgha (Arabic rhetorical science), and a cornerstone in the study of the inimitability of the Qur'ān (I'jāz al-Qur'ān).

Written in the city of Jurjān, the treatise presents a radical linguistic theory that redefined how eloquence (faṣāḥa) and literary power are understood. Its influence extended across disciplines such as Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir), grammar (naḥw), semantics, and classical poetics, and helped formalize rhetoric as a scientific discipline in the Islamic world.

Gorgan
Gorgan (Persian: گرگان; [ɡoɾˈɡɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It lies approximately 400 km (250 mi) to the northeast of the national capital Tehran, and some 30 km (19 mi) away from the Caspian Sea.
The Vision of Saint Peter Nolasco
The Vision of Saint Peter Nolasco is a 1629 oil-on-canvas painting by the Spanish painter Francisco de Zurbarán, now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. It and its pair Saint Peter Nolasco's Vision of Saint Peter the Apostle were both commissioned by the Mercedarians for the Merced Calzada Abbey the year after pope Urban VIII's canonisation of Peter Nolasco, who had founded both the Order and the Abbey. The Order also commissioned twenty other paintings for the occasion, though only Zurbarán's pair and nine others still survive.

Vision shows Nolasco dreaming of the Heavenly Jerusalem from the Book of Revelation, shown in the top left and pointed to by an angel to his right. In 1808 the canvas was bought by canon López Cepero who gave it and the rest of his collection to Ferdinand VII of Spain in 1821.

Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
The Museum of Fine Arts of Seville (Spanish: Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla) is a museum in Seville, Spain, a collection of mainly Spanish visual arts from the medieval period to the early 20th century, including a choice selection of works by artists from the so-called Golden Age of Sevillian painting during the 17th century, such as Murillo, Zurbarán, Francisco de Herrera the younger, and Valdés Leal.

The building itself was built in 1594. The institution of the provincial museum of Seville was created in September 1835. Items were moved to the museum in the ensuing years. The building it is housed in was originally home to the convent of the Order of the Merced Calzada de la Asunción, founded by St. Peter Nolasco during the reign of Ferdinand III. Extensive remodeling in the early 17th century was led by the architect Juan de Oviedo y de la Bandera.
Kristina Bates
Kristina Bates (born 9 January 1996) is an Australian field hockey player.

Bates was born in North Fitzroy, Victoria, and made her senior international debut during the 2017 Hawke's Bay Cup in New Zealand. She was part of the Hockeyroos team at the World Cup in London 2018.

Bates was part of the Australian women's junior national team 'The Jillaroos' that won bronze at the 2016 Hockey Junior World Cup in Chile.

As of 2022 Bates was studying a Bachelor of Laws at Deakin University. She was also the 2021 and 2022 Premier League captain of Camberwell Hockey Club.

Fitzroy North
Fitzroy North is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km (2.5 mi) north-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the Cities of Merri-bek and Yarra local government areas. Fitzroy North recorded a population of 12,781 at the 2021 census.

Also referred to as North Fitzroy in reference to its southern neighbour, Fitzroy North has a distinct character, noted for its prevalence of wide streets, intact Victorian and Edwardian era terraced housing and for the Edinburgh Gardens, a large inner-city park formerly home to the Fitzroy Football Club. Fitzroy North is adjacent to, and shares a postcode and neighbourhood character with Clifton Hill, both being government subdivisions set on elevated ground and to the same layout by Clement Hodgkinson in the 1870s, and distinct from the earlier narrow and more crowded private subdivisions in the lower lying areas of Fitzroy and Collingwood to the south.
Bullen's Animal World
Bullen's Animal World was a circus style zoo & theme park located at Wallacia, New South Wales, Australia on the outskirts of Sydney owned by the Bullen family of circus proprietors. Its address was 11 Park Road, Wallacia.  An equivalent one, Bullen's African Lion Safari, existed nearby at Warragamba a few kilometres away; as well as the Wanneroo Lion Park in Wanneroo in Perth. Upon its closure, some of the animals were moved to the lion park at Warragamba, while some were moved to a property a kilometer away, also in Wallacia, also owned by the Bullen family.

Warragamba, New South Wales
Warragamba is a town in New South Wales, Australia, in Wollondilly Shire. Located on the eastern edge of the Blue Mountains, Warragamba is one and a half hour's drive west of Sydney. The name Warragamba comes from the aboriginal words Warra and Gamba meaning 'water running over rocks'.
Villa Puerto Edén
Villa Puerto Edén is a Chilean hamlet and minor port located in Wellington Island, in Natales commune, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes Region. It is considered one of Chile's most isolated inhabited places together with Easter Island and Villa Las Estrellas. The village is known for being the home of the last Kawéshkar people. Owing to the large tidewater glaciers caused by the region’s super-high precipitation, it is only accessible by sea, on the Navimag ferry from Puerto Montt in the north, or Puerto Natales in the south. There is also a monthly boat from Caleta Tortel.

The population is 176 (2002 census). Owing to the extraordinarily humid climate the village has no roads, with only pedestrian boardwalks connecting the houses and shops. A weekly transport boat takes local fish and shellfish products (the latter mainly mussels) to markets. Margarita Vargas López, a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention, was born and raised in Villa Puerto Edén.

Tidewater glacier cycle
The tidewater glacier cycle is the typically centuries-long behavior of tidewater glaciers that consists of recurring periods of advance alternating with rapid retreat and punctuated by periods of stability. During portions of its cycle, a tidewater glacier is relatively insensitive to climate change.
Vayu Shrivastav
Vaibhav Shrivastava, more popularly known as Vayu, is an Indian singer and songwriter, who has been active in the industry for over 10 years.
He signed on to Sony Music India as an exclusive artist in 2018.

Sony Music India
Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian music record label operated by Sony and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company began operations in 1997 and was the first record company in India to be fully foreign-owned, with Sony being a Japanese corporation. From December 2013 to March 2020, the company distributed Warner Music Group releases in India and the SAARC region, until the launch of the Warner Music India division. Sony Music India is the largest foreign-owned music label in the country and the second-largest overall. It holds a 25% share of the Indian music market, ranking behind T-Series and ahead of Zee Music Company, with which it has a strategic partnership.
WBYY
WBYY (98.7 FM; "Frank FM") is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Somersworth, New Hampshire, United States, with studios in Dover, the station serves the Seacoast Region of New Hampshire and Southern Maine.  The station is owned by Binnie Media.

Southern Maine Coast
Southern Maine Coast is a region of the U.S. state of Maine. It commonly includes the coastal areas of York County and Cumberland County. Some notable towns are Biddeford, Kittery, York, Wells, Ogunquit, Kennebunk, Kennebunkport, Saco, Old Orchard Beach and Scarborough. The region also contains Portland, the largest city in the state.

One of the first parts of Maine to be settled, early in the nineteenth century, the region was one of the most prosperous in the United States being a ship building and trading center, and much architecture survives from this era. Today the Southern Maine Coast is the heart of Maine's tourism industry, containing 90% of the state's sandy beaches.
Pogonopoma
Pogonopoma is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored catfishes, and the subfamily Rhinelepinae, the rhinelepine plecos. The fishes in this genus are found in rivers in south and southeast Brazil.

South Region, Brazil
The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈsuw du bɾaˈziw]) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers 576,409.6 square kilometres (222,553.0 sq mi), being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of Brazil. Its whole area is smaller than that of the state of Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil, for example or the whole metropolitan France.

It is a tourist, economic and cultural pole. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as the Centre-West and Southeast regions, and the Atlantic Ocean. The region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, having a lower crime rate than other regions in the country.
Radney Bowker
Radney Bowker (born 5 February 1979) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Leigh Centurions (two spells), St. Helens (loan) in 2001's Super League VI, Barrow Raiders, Salford City Reds, Rochdale Hornets (two spells, including the first on loan), London Broncos in 2004's Super League IX, and Halifax, as a stand-off or loose forward.

Barrow Raiders
The Barrow Raiders are a semi-professional rugby league team in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The club play home games at Craven Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Barrow have never won the League Championship, their only major honour being winning the Challenge Cup in 1955.

Traditionally the club's home colours are blue and white and main rivals are fellow semi-professional Cumbrian teams Whitehaven and Workington Town.