hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rachael Kramer
Rachael Lynn Kramer (born March 15, 1998) is an American former professional volleyball player who played as a middle blocker for the United States women's national volleyball team and Italian professional team Megabox Volley Vallefoglia.

2021 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2021 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 27th edition of the tournament, and was played from 26 August to 31 August 2021 in Guadalajara, Mexico. The champion and first runner-ups will qualify for the 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
Pipistrel Apis-Bee
The Pipistrel Apis-Bee, also called the Apis/Bee, (Apis means bee in Latin) is a Slovenian mid-wing, single-seat glider and motor glider that was designed and produced by Pipistrel.

By October 2018, it was listed as a "legacy" product and production had ended.

Hirth F-33
The Hirth F-33 is a single cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, including powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. The engine is noted for its extremely light base weight of 35 lb (16 kg). It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.
Coffee Talk (Saturday Night Live)
"Coffee Talk" is a series of sketches performed by Mike Myers on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. It ran from January 19, 1991, until October 15, 1994, although Myers (who had since left the show) reprised the role on March 22, 1997, and again during the Saturday Night Live 50th Anniversary Special on February 16, 2025.

In most of the sketches, Myers plays a stereotypical Jewish middle-aged woman with an exaggerated New York accent who sports long, painted fake nails; much gold jewelry; gaudy sweaters; large dark glasses; and big hair, which she constantly adjusts. This character was a spoof on Myers' real-life mother-in-law at the time, Linda Richman.

Big hair
Big hair is a hairstyle that emphasizes large volume or largely styled hair, especially when those styles make the hair occupy a large amount of space above and around the head.  The label "big hair" for such styles originated in the late 1970s, when these styles were beginning a period of popularity. Similar styles have become fashionable at various periods in history.
Sacramento, Coahuila
Sacramento is a city in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila. 
The city serves as the administrative centre for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

Sacramento is located at 27°00′13″N 101°43′29″W﻿ / ﻿27.00361°N 101.72472°W﻿ / 27.00361; -101.72472 in the state's central region (Región Centro), some 250 km north of state capital Saltillo, and some 50 km north-west of former state capital Monclova, on Federal Highway 30.

It was founded in 1842 as Villa Nueva. It is believed to have changed its name to Sacramento ("sacrament") to honour a visit by Fr. Miguel Hidalgo during which he officiated a mass.

Mexican Federal Highway
Federal Highways (Spanish: Carreteras Federales) are a series of highways in Mexico. These highways link Mexico's 32 federal entities with each other or with a neighboring country, and they are wholly or mostly built by Mexico's federal government with federal funds or through federal grants by individuals, states, or municipalities. Locally known as federal highway corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales), they are built and maintained by Mexico's Secretariat of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation (Spanish: Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes, SICT). Federal Highways in Mexico can be classified into high-speed, limited access expressways (usually toll highways that may be segmented and are marked by the letter "D") and low-speed roads with non-limited access; not all corridors are completely improved.
Kiran Pisda
Kiran Pisda (born 16 August 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for the Indian Women's League club Kickstart and the India women's national football team. She is the first player from Chhattisgarh to play for the Indian senior national team.

Indian Women's League
The Indian Women's League (abbreviated as the IWL) is the women's top tier professional football league in India, founded in 2016. Currently, a total of 8 teams from across the country participate in the league.

The competition was planned since 2014 and got established in 2016, with the first season starting from October 2016 in Cuttack, Odisha. The league was launched as India's first professional football league for women with the aim to increase the player pool for India national team. Since 2019–20, the clubs that become champions are granted an opportunity to play in the AFC Women's Club Championship, the top tier women's club football competition in Asia.

Until now five clubs have been crowned as champions: Eastern Sporting Union, Rising Students Club, Sethu, Gokulam Kerala and East Bengal. Out of them Gokulam Kerala has lifted the championship trophy thrice.
How Kitchener Was Betrayed
How Kitchener Was Betrayed is a 1921 British silent war film directed by Percy Nash and starring Fred Paul, Winifred Evans, and Bertram Burleigh. It was a fictional portrayal of the events leading up to the death of Herbert Kitchener on HMS Hampshire during the First World War in which the German secret service received warning of the general's activities through a German agent Elbie Böcker. The film was intended to cash in on the controversy raised by the publication of a biography of Kitchener in 1920 challenging the Admiralty's official conclusion that the ship was sunk by a mine. Only one of its six reels survives.

Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.
Leichlingen station
Leichlingen station is a through station in the town of Leichlingen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened on 25 August 1867 on the Gruiten–Köln-Deutz railway, which was completed between Gruiten and Opladen by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 25 September 1867. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The station is served by the Rhein-Wupper-Bahn (RB 48) between Wuppertal-Oberbarmen and Cologne twice an hour during the day, with one train an hour to/from Bonn-Mehlem.

It is also served by two bus routes operated by Hüttebräucker: 253 (once a day) and 254 (at 60 minute intervals). It is served by bus route 255, operated by Wiedenhoff at 20–40 minute intervals and by bus route 694, operated by Stadtwerke Solingen at 30–60 minute intervals.

Rhein-Wupper-Bahn
The Rhein-Wupper-Bahn is a Regionalbahn service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It connects the cities of Wuppertal, Solingen, Leverkusen, Cologne and Bonn and it is operated by National Express.
Frozen Ghost
Frozen Ghost, stylized as Frōzen Ghōst, was a Canadian rock band formed in 1985 in Toronto by Arnold Lanni and Wolf Hassel, who were previously with the band Sheriff.  The band received a Juno Award for "Most Promising Group of the Year" in 1987.

The group placed five songs in the Canadian top 40 between 1987 and 1992, including "Should I See" and "Head Over Heels". "Should I See", an anti-censorship song, also became a minor hit in the United States, reaching number 69 on Billboard's Hot 100 singles in 1987. The video for that song was nominated at the 1987 Juno Awards for "Best Video of the Year".

Juno Award for Breakthrough Group of the Year
The Juno Award for Breakthrough Group of the Year is presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to the best new musical group in Canada. The award has been given annually since 1974, and was previously called Most Promising Group of the Year (1974–1993), Best New Group (1994–2002), and New Group of the Year (2003–2012). The award was customarily presented by the Minister of Canadian Heritage.

The award was discontinued following the Juno Awards of 2024. At the following Juno Awards of 2025, it was merged with the sibling category for Breakthrough Artist of the Year into a single category for Breakthrough Artist or Group of the Year.
Tri-Normal Conference
The Tri-Normal Conference (also known as the Tri-Normal League) was an intercollegiate athletic conference composed of member schools located in the state of Washington that operated from 1922 to 1938. The conference's three members were Washington State Normal School in Ellensburg (now known as Central Washington University), the State Normal School at Cheney (now known as Eastern Washington University), and Western Washington College of Education in Bellingham (now known as Western Washington University). When the conference disbanded in 1938, the three members joined Pacific Lutheran College—now known as Pacific Lutheran University—to form the Washington Intercollegiate Conference (WINCO).

Pacific Lutheran University
Pacific Lutheran University (PLU) is a private Lutheran university in Parkland, Washington, United States. It was founded by Norwegian Lutheran immigrants in 1890. PLU is sponsored by the 580 congregations of Region I of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. PLU has approximately 2,700 students enrolled. As of 2023, the school employs approximately 238 full-time professors on the 156-acre (63 ha) woodland campus.

PLU’s academic programs into four colleges: the College of Health Professions; the College of Humanities, Interdisciplinary Studies, and Social Sciences; the College of Natural Sciences; and the College of Professional Studies.
Oleksander Horilyj
Oleksander Horilyj (Ukrainian: Олександр Горілий), (14.09.1863, Chernigov Governorate  - after 1937)  was a Ukrainian conductor. Graduated from Moscow conservatoire and medical institute. In 1918 he became the first conductor of the Ukrainian National Symphony Orchestra
. Subjected to repression in 1937.

Chernigov Governorate
Chernigov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate and had its capital in Chernigov.

Its borders encompassed the modern Chernihiv Oblast, but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to a large part of Bryansk Oblast of Russia.

From 1918 to 1925, it was referred to as Chernihiv Governorate as part of Ukrainian successor states of the Russian Empire during and after the civil war, namely of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR.
Anil K. Jain (electrical engineer, born 1946)
Anil K. Jain (January 21, 1946 – November 14, 1988) was an Indian-American electrical engineer and Professor of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Davis, known for his contributions on "two-dimensional stochastic models for images provided a firm theoretical foundation for a number of algorithms of spectral analysis, adaptive image estimation and image data compression", including work on transform coding for image compression and block-based motion compensation for video compression in particular.

Transform coding
Transform coding is a type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images. The transformation is typically lossless (perfectly reversible) on its own but is used to enable better (more targeted) quantization, which then results in a lower quality copy of the original input (lossy compression).

In transform coding, knowledge of the application is used to choose information to discard, thereby lowering its bandwidth. The remaining information can then be compressed via a variety of methods. When the output is decoded, the result may not be identical to the original input, but is expected to be close enough for the purpose of the application.
Ekow Nimako
Ekow Nimako (born 1979 in Côte-des-Neiges) is a Ghanaian Canadian artist known for creating sculptures out of Lego. His Lego sculptures focus mainly on African culture, history, and futurism. Nimako uses primarily black Lego pieces.

Côte-des-Neiges
Côte-des-Neiges (French pronunciation: [kot de nɛːʒ], locally [koʊ̯t de naɪ̯ʒ]) is a neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at the geographic centre of the Island of Montreal on the western slope of Mount Royal and is part of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce.
Exegetical neutrality
In translation, the principle of exegetical neutrality is that "if at any point in a text there is a passage that raises for the native speaker legitimate questions of exegesis, then, if at all possible, a translator should strive to confront the reader of his version with the same questions of exegesis and not produce a version which in his mind resolves those questions".

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Tornado vortex signature
A tornadic vortex signature, abbreviated TVS, is a Pulse-Doppler radar weather radar detected rotation algorithm that indicates the likely presence of a strong mesocyclone that is in some stage of tornadogenesis. It may give meteorologists the ability to pinpoint and track the location of tornadic rotation within a larger storm, and is one component of the National Weather Service's warning operations.

The tornadic vortex signature was first identified by Donald W. Burgess, Leslie R. Lemon, and Rodger A. Brown in the 1970s using experimental Doppler radar at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to scan the 1973 Union City tornado, the first time such a signature was observed. The National Weather Service (NWS) now uses an updated algorithm developed by NSSL, the tornado detection algorithm (TDA) based on data from its WSR-88D system of radars. NSSL also developed the mesocyclone detection algorithm (MDA).

Tornadogenesis
Tornadogenesis is the process by which a tornado forms. There are many types of tornadoes, varying in methods of formation. Despite ongoing scientific study and high-profile research projects such as VORTEX, tornadogenesis remains a complex process, and the intricacies of many tornado formation mechanisms are still poorly understood.

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with the surface and a cumuliform cloud base. Tornado formation is caused by the stretching and aggregating/merging of environmental and/or storm-induced vorticity that tightens into an intense vortex. There are various ways this may come about and thus various forms and sub-forms of tornadoes. Although each tornado is unique, most kinds of tornadoes go through a life cycle of formation, maturation, and dissipation. The process by which a tornado dissipates or decays, occasionally conjured as tornadolysis, is of particular interest for study as is tornadogenesis, longevity, and intensity.
Battle of Xinkou
The Battle of Xinkou (simplified Chinese: 忻口会战; traditional Chinese: 忻口會戰; pinyin: Xīnkǒu Huìzhàn) was a decisive engagement of the Taiyuan Campaign, the second of the 22 major engagements between the National Revolutionary Army and Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
March 2014 North American winter storm
The March 2014 North American winter storm, also unofficially referred to as Winter Storm Titan, was an extremely powerful winter storm that affected much of the United States and portions of Canada. It was one of the most severe winter storms of the 2013–14 North American winter storm season, storm affecting most of the Western Seaboard (especially California), and various parts of the Eastern United States, bringing damaging winds, flash floods, and blizzard and icy conditions.

Winter storm
A winter storm (also known as snow storm) is an event in which wind coincides with varieties of precipitation that only occur at freezing temperatures, such as snow, mixed snow and rain, or freezing rain. In temperate continental and subarctic climates, these storms are not necessarily restricted to the winter season, but may occur in the late autumn and early spring as well. A snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility is called a blizzard.
Poltavka, Russia
Poltavka (Russian: Полтавка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Poltavka, Poltavsky District, Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Poltavsky District of Omsk Oblast

Rural localities

Poltavka, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Chanovsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Poltavka, Nizhneomsky District, Omsk Oblast, a village in Solovetsky Rural Okrug of Nizhneomsky District in Omsk Oblast

Poltavka, Primorsky Krai, a selo in Oktyabrsky District of Primorsky Krai

Poltavka, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Inyakinsky Rural Okrug of Shilovsky District in Ryazan Oblast

Poltavka, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Samoylovsky District of Saratov Oblast

Poltavka, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Dyachenkovskoye Rural Settlement of Bogucharsky District in Voronezh Oblast

Nizhneomsky District
Nizhneomsky District (Russian: Нижнео́мский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nizhnyaya Omka. Population: 15,826 (2010 Census);  19,766 (2002 census); 21,779 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 30.5% of the district's total population.
Partnoy
Partnoy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alicia Partnoy (born 1955), human rights activist, poet, professor, and translator

Frank Partnoy (born 1967), American legal scholar

Raquel Partnoy (born 1932), Argentine painter, poet, and essayist

Frank Partnoy
Frank Partnoy is a Professor of Law at the University of California Berkeley School of Law. He was a George E. Barrett Professor of Law and Finance and the founding director of the Center on Corporate and Securities Law at the University of San Diego, where he taught for 21 years. He is a scholar of the complexities of modern finance and financial market regulation. He worked as a derivatives structurer at Morgan Stanley and CS First Boston during the mid-1990s and wrote F.I.A.S.C.O.: Blood in the Water on Wall Street, a book about his experiences there.
Agnes Alfred
Axuw (c. 1890 – 1992), known as Agnes Bertha Alfred following her baptism, was a Qwiqwasutinuxw storyteller and noblewoman of the Kwakwaka'wakw. Alfred was recognized by her peers as one of the last great storytellers with a long memory. Alfred was born on Village Island, British Columbia. The location of her passing is unknown. Alfred was renowned for her hand-woven cedar-root and cedar-bark baskets, and also practiced the art of storytelling. Alfred was keen on relaying her knowledge and her people's way of life using classic oral tradition. In 1922, Agnes Alfred was imprisoned by the Canadian government for participating in a potlatch ritual, which was outlawed at the time. In 2004, her memoirs were published in "Paddling to Where I Stand: Agnes Alfred, Qwiqwasutinuxw Noblewoman."

Village Island
Village Island is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, located on the northwest side of Turnour Island.

The Kwakwaka'wakw village of Memkumlis or Meem Quam Leese or Memkoomlish, commonly known as Mamalilaculla, which is actually the name of the subgroup of the Kwakwaka'wakw whose home it is, is located on the west side of the island at 50°37′10″N 126°34′30″W﻿ / ﻿50.61944°N 126.57500°W﻿ / 50.61944; -126.57500﻿ (Meem Quam Leese).  Its site is on Mahmalillikullah Indian Reserve No. 1. on Eliot Passage.  The name means "village with rocks and islands out front", or as translated by famous chief and carver Mungo Martin,  "group of little islands" and by Franz Boas as "round things [islands] in front at beach".
Basic affine jump diffusion
In mathematics probability theory, a basic affine jump diffusion (basic AJD) is a stochastic process Z of the form

where  is a standard Brownian motion, and  is an independent compound Poisson process with constant jump intensity  and independent exponentially distributed jumps with mean . For the process to be well defined, it is necessary that  and . A basic AJD is a special case of an affine process and of a jump diffusion. On the other hand, the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process is a special case of a basic AJD.

Basic AJDs are attractive for modeling default times in credit risk applications, since both the moment generating function

and the characteristic function

are known in closed form.

The characteristic function allows one to calculate the density of an integrated basic AJD

by Fourier inversion, which can be done efficiently using the FFT.

Fourier inversion theorem
In mathematics, the Fourier inversion theorem says that for many types of functions it is possible to recover a function from its Fourier transform. Intuitively it may be viewed as the statement that if we know all frequency and phase information about a wave then we may reconstruct the original wave precisely.

The theorem says that if we have a function  satisfying certain conditions, and we use the convention for the Fourier transform that

then

In other words, the theorem says that

This last equation is called the Fourier integral theorem.

Another way to state the theorem is that if  is the flip operator i.e. ⁠⁠, then

The theorem holds if both  and its Fourier transform are absolutely integrable (in the Lebesgue sense) and  is continuous at the point ⁠⁠. However, even under more general conditions versions of the Fourier inversion theorem hold. In these cases the integrals above may not converge in an ordinary sense.