hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PETase
PETases are an esterase class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown (via hydrolysis) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic to monomeric mono-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET).

The idealized chemical reaction is:

(ethylene terephthalate)n + H2O → (ethylene terephthalate)n-1 + MHET,

where n is the number of monomers in the polymer chain, though a trace amount of the PET breaks down instead to bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). PETases can also break down PEF-plastic (polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate), which is a bioderived PET replacement, into the analogous MHEF. PETases can't catalyze the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters like polybutylene succinate or polylactic acid.

Whereas the degradation of PET by natural (non-enzymatic) means  will take hundreds of years,  PETases can degrade it in a matter of days.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Parrot Corporation
Parrot Corporation Limited was a British floppy diskette manufacturer formed in 1983, that operated from Llantarnam Industrial Park in Cwmbran, south Wales. The company was a start-up venture funded by the Welsh Development Agency (WDA).

The company suffered financial difficulties in 1985, a company investigation uncovered fraud, culminating in the dismissal of company director Frank E. Peters. A British political controversy ensued, with its focus upon the fraud and the WDA's investment practices. Peters was extradited to Britain to face a criminal trial, but was acquitted of all charges. The company became bankrupt due to financial and market pressures, and its assets were later sold for £1.25 million. Peters was subject to a United States court case in 2007; the charges included conspiracy, fraudulently inflating the value of security to a bank, bank fraud, mail fraud and wire fraud.

Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes. Jurisdiction is claimed by the federal government if the illegal activity crosses interstate or international borders.
Kopidodon
Kopidodon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from subfamily Paroxyclaeninae within family Paroxyclaenidae, that lived during the middle Eocene in Germany.

Kopidodon was one of the largest tree-dwelling mammals known from Eocene Europe, growing 115 cm (45 in) long, most of which is tail. This squirrel-like mammal sported large canine teeth, probably for defense, since its molars were adapted for chewing plants, not flesh. Its legs and claws allowed Kopidodon to scramble through the trees with the greatest of ease, much like modern-day squirrels. Its fossils were found in the Messel pit, preserving even its fur. Kopidodon had a thick bushy tail for balance.

Placentalia
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia /plæsənˈteɪliə/) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the vast majority of extant mammals, which are partly distinguished from monotremes and marsupials in that the fetus is carried in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development. The name is something of a misnomer, considering that marsupials also nourish their fetuses via a placenta, though for a relatively briefer period, giving birth to less-developed young, which are then nurtured for a period inside the mother's pouch. Placentalia represents the only living group within Eutheria, which contains all mammals that are more closely related to placentals than they are to marsupials.
Georgios Skoutarides
Georgios Skoutarides (Greek: Γεώργιος Σκουταρίδης) (1885 – 1962) was a Greek athlete.  He competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens and at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. In 1906, he was eliminated in the first round of the 110 metre hurdles competition. Two years later, Skoutarides ran in the first heat of the 100 metres, placing second to Edward Duffy and not advancing to the semifinals. He also participated in the 110 metre hurdles event where he was also eliminated in the first round.

Athletics at the 1906 Intercalated Games
At the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, 21 competitive events in athletics were held. A total of 65 medals (21 gold, 23 silver, 21 bronze) were awarded. Now called the Intercalated Games, the 1906 Games are no longer considered as an official Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

The marathon distance was 41.775 km according to a contemporary Greek newspaper. The pentathlon event in the 1906 Games consisted of a standing long jump, discus throw (ancient style), javelin throw, 192 metre run, and a Greco-Roman wrestling match. A stone throw was held with a 6.4 kg weight.
Administrative divisions of Moldova
Moldova is divided administratively into two levels:

First level:
32 districts or raions (Romanian: raioane)
3 municipalities (municipii)—specifically Chișinău, Bălți, and Bender
2 autonomous territorial units: Gagauzia and  Left Bank of the Dniester (de facto Transnistria, which is not under control of the government of Moldova)

Second level:
Villages (Romanian: sate); two or more villages can form together a commune (Romanian: comună)
Sectors
10 municipalities (municipii)
Cities and towns

Ungheni
Ungheni (Romanian pronunciation: [uŋˈɡenʲ] ⓘ) is a city, municipality and the seat of Ungheni District in the Republic of Moldova.

There is a bridge across the Prut and a border checkpoint to Romania. There is another border town with the same name in Romania (Ungheni, Iași), on the other side of the Prut River.
Kludge
A kludge or kluge (/klʌdʒ, kluːdʒ/) is a workaround or makeshift solution that is clumsy, inelegant, inefficient, difficult to extend, and hard to maintain.  Its only benefit is that it rapidly solves an important problem using available resources.  A famous example is the improvised CO2 scrubber that kept the astronauts alive on Apollo 13.   This term is used in diverse fields such as computer science, aerospace engineering, Internet slang, evolutionary neuroscience, animation and government. It is similar in meaning to the naval term jury rig.

Network address translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.  The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network.

As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior.
S. P. Charan
Sripathi Panditharadhyula Charan, credited as S. P. Charan, is an Indian playback singer and actor who works predominantly works in Tamil cinema and Telugu cinema.

He is the son of the singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam. He first worked as a playback singer in Tamil and Telugu. He made his acting debut in Maha Edabidangi (1999) and is best known for his performance in the Saroja (2008). He has established the film production company Capital Film Works, and produced Chennai 600028 (2007), Aaranya Kaandam (2012) and others.

Varsham (2004 film)
Varsham (transl. Rain) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language romantic action film directed by Sobhan and produced by M.S. Raju under Sumanth Art Productions banner. The film stars Prabhas, Gopichand and Trisha in the lead roles while, Prakash Raj, Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao, and Chandra Mohan appear in supporting roles. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad, while the cinematography was handled by S. Gopal Reddy.

Varsham emerged as a box office blockbuster, marking a breakthrough role for Prabhas and establishing Trisha in Telugu cinema. The film itself is loosely inspired from 1988 Indian Hindi-language Tezaab. The film's success led to remakes in Tamil as Mazhai (2005) and again in Hindi as Baaghi (2016).
Hyloxalus littoralis
Hyloxalus littoralis (in Spanish: ranita silbadora; in English Lima rocket frog) is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Peru where it is known from Lima (the type locality, a small pond found in front of the beach), Huánuco, and Ancash Regions. Population near Lima was an introduction one and may now be extinct in that location.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
Nathalie Gosselin
Nathalie Gosselin (born March 31, 1966, in Lévis, Quebec) is a retired judoka from Canada, who won the bronze medal in the women's lightweight (– 56 kg) competition at the 1987 Pan American Games. She represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, after having won the bronze medal in the women's half-lightweight division (– 52 kg) a year earlier at the 1995 Pan American Games. In 1986, she won the bronze medal in the 56 kg weight category at the judo demonstration sport event as part of the 1986 Commonwealth Games.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Spychówko
Spychówko [spɨˈxufkɔ] (German: Klein Puppen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świętajno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Świętajno, 24 km (15 mi) east of Szczytno, and 60 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Szczytno
Szczytno [ˈʂt͡ʂɨtnɔ] (German: Ortelsburg) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,013 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Szczytno County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship, within the ethnocultural region of Masuria.

Olsztyn-Mazury Regional Airport, located nearby, is the most important airport of the Masurian region. Szczytno is located on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line and Szczytno – Ostrołęka line. Szczytno also had minor rail connections towards Czerwonka; however, these were later closed by Polish Railways.

Two lakes, Domowe Małe and Długie (also known as Domowe Duże), are located within the town limits.

Szczytno is a member of Cittaslow.
Charney Manor
Charney Manor is a 13th-century manor house at Charney Bassett now in the English county of Oxfordshire (but formerly in Berkshire). It is a grade I listed building.

Charney Manor was originally a grange of Abingdon Abbey. It was later rented out to the Yate family. It is currently a retreat and conference centre.

Monastic grange
Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the manorial system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians, and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges, most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic community. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery, but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.

Granges could be of six known types: agrarian; sheep runs; cattle ranges and holdings; horse studs; fisheries; industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.
Hans-Heinrich Winkler
Hans-Heinrich Winkler (sometimes listed as Hans-Heinrich Wickler) was an East German luger who competed in the mid-1970s. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1976 FIL European Luge Championships in Hammarstrand, Sweden.

Winkler also finished fourth in the men's singles event at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck though his surname was misspelled as Wickler.

1976 Winter Olympics
The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games (German: XII. Olympische Winterspiele, French: XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Innsbruck 1976 (Austro-Bavarian: Innschbruck 1976), were a winter multi-sport event celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from February 4 to 15, 1976. The games were awarded to Innsbruck after Denver, the original host city, withdrew in 1972. This was the second time the Tyrolean capital had hosted the Winter Olympics, having first done so in 1964.
Newsday (Melbourne)
Newsday was an afternoon daily newspaper published by David Syme from 30 September 1969, designed to compete with the Melbourne Herald, then selling around 500,000 a day. Its first editor was Tim Hewat, but when it ran into circulation trouble Graham Perkin was drafted to try to save it. He spent several months editing both The Age and Newsday. Despite extensive marketing, the paper was closed in May 1970, putting 67 journalists out of work, including Cameron Forbes, Lindy Hobbs, Jack Darmody, Phil Cornford, Bruce Wilson, Piers Akerman, Michael Leunig and Mike Sheahan. The Sunday Observer, launched by the same company a few weeks after Newsday closed, was vastly more successful.

It had originally been intended as a Sunday newspaper.  When this plan was scuttled - contributing factors may have been the print union refusal to work Saturdays and newsagents not being open on Sunday to provide sale outlets - it was launched as a weekday newspaper instead.

Michael Leunig
Michael Leunig (2 June 1945 – 19 December 2024), typically referred to by his pen name Leunig, was an Australian cartoonist, poet and artist. He was best known for his work for Melbourne's The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald.

Leunig's works include The Curly Pyjama Letters, the cartoon books The Essential Leunig, The Wayward Leunig, The Stick, Goatperson, Short Notes from the Long History of Happiness and Curly Verse as well as The Lot, a compilation of his "Curly World" newspaper columns. Leunig also wrote several books of prayers, including A Common Prayer, The Prayer Tree and When I Talk To You.

Leunig was declared an Australian Living Treasure by the National Trust of Australia in 1999.
Romain Baubry
Romain Baubry (French pronunciation: [ʁɔmɛ̃ bobʁi]; born 28 January 1989) is a French police officer and politician of the National Rally (RN). In 2022, he was elected as the deputy for the 15th constituency of the Bouches-du-Rhône department.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
WVBH (FM)
WVBH (88.3 FM, "Reach Gospel Radio") is a radio station licensed to Beach Haven West, New Jersey serving the Monmouth/Ocean radio market. The station is owned by Priority Radio, Inc.  It airs an urban gospel format rebroadcasting WXHL-FM from Newark, Delaware.

The station was assigned the WVBH call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on April 28, 2000.

The Call letters stand for "Voice of Beach Haven".

Newark, Delaware
Newark (/ˈnjuːɑːrk/ NEW-ark) is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Home to the University of Delaware, it is located 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Wilmington and 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Philadelphia. According to the 2020 census, the town's population is 30,601. It constitutes part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Asplenium auritum
Asplenium auritum, the eared spleenwort, is a species of fern native to the Neotropical Realm of the American Continent (from the Florida Peninsula to southern Brazil and northern Argentina) and Eastern Southern Africa (from DR Congo to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands). Its presence is also recorded in the Azores where it might possibly be native.

Mascarene Islands
The Mascarene Islands (English: /mæskəˈriːn/; French: Mascareignes [maskaʁɛɲ] ⓘ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their name derives from the Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas, who first visited them in April 1512. The islands share a common geological origin beneath the Mascarene Plateau known as the Mauritia microcontinent which was a Precambrian microcontinent situated between India and Madagascar until their separation about 70 million years ago. They form a distinct ecoregion with unique biodiversity and endemism of flora and fauna.
Kohat Brigade
The Kohat Brigade (now 101 Infantry Brigade, Sialkot, Pakistan) was formed after the 1903 reforms of the British Indian Army by Herbert Kitchener when he was Commander-in-Chief, India. The brigade was part of the Northern Army and deployed along the North West Frontier. In 1914 at the start of World War I the brigade formation was:

Commander Major General A Campbell
31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers
53rd Sikhs (Frontier Force)
54th Sikhs (Frontier Force)
56th Punjabi Rifles (Frontier Force)
122nd Rajputana Infantry
31st Mountain Battery
Frontier Force Garrison Artillery

54th Sikhs (Frontier Force)
The 54th Sikhs (Frontier Force) were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1846 as the 4th Regiment of Infantry The Frontier Brigade. It was designated as the 54th Sikhs (Frontier Force) in 1903 and became 4th Battalion (Sikhs) 12th Frontier Force Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 6th Battalion The Frontier Force Regiment.
Hexalectris warnockii
Hexalectris warnockii, the Texas crested coralroot, Texas purple-spike, is a myco-heterotrophic orchid found in the states of Texas and Arizona in the southwestern United States, and in the states of Coahuila and Baja California Sur in northern Mexico. Being myco-heterotrophic, H. warnockii derives all of its nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi.

Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Ancient Greek  μύκης (múkēs) 'fungus' and  ῥίζα (rhíza) 'root'; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant, in which fungal hyphae and plant roots become interconnected and form an interface on the cellular level. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry.

In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants.
Cabinet of Stjepan Mesić
The First Government of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Prva Vlada Republike Hrvatske) (from the date of formation until 25 July 1990 it was legally referred to as the 14th Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Četrnaesto Izvršno vijeće Sabora Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske)) was the Croatian Government announced on 30 May 1990 after the first multi-party elections ended 45 years of Communist Party rule, but while Croatia still remained a federal unit within SFR Yugoslavia. The prime minister (formally still President of the Executive Council of SR Croatia) was Stjepan Mesić of the Croatian Democratic Union.  The cabinet was reformed on 24 August 1990 when Stjepan Mesić left Zagreb to assume the Croatian seat at the Yugoslav collective presidency following armed insurrection by ethnic Serbs.

Log Revolution
The Log Revolution (Serbo-Croatian: Balvan revolucija / Балван револуција) was an insurrection which started on August 17, 1990, in areas of the Republic of Croatia which were populated significantly by ethnic Serbs.
A full year of tension, including minor skirmishes and sabotage, passed before these events would escalate into the Croatian War of Independence.
Miss Hook of Holland
Miss Hook of Holland is an English musical comedy (styled a "Dutch Musical Incident") in two acts, with music and lyrics by Paul Rubens with a book by Austen Hurgon and Rubens. The show was produced by Frank Curzon and opened at the Prince of Wales Theatre on 31 January 1907, running for a very successful 462 performances.  It starred Harry Grattan and Isabel Jay.

The show also had a Broadway run starring Bertram Wallis and an Australian production in 1907 and enjoyed various tours and revivals, including a 1914 revival starring Phyllis Dare.  There was also a "matinee version" of the show called Little Miss Hook of Holland, played by children for children.  The musical was popular with amateur theatre groups, particularly in Britain, from 1911 through the 1950s.

1907 was a busy year on the London stage with numerous other notable openings, including The Girls of Gottenberg, The Merry Widow, and Tom Jones.

Tom Jones (Edward German)
Tom Jones is a comic opera in three acts by Edward German founded upon Henry Fielding's 1749 novel, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, with a libretto by Robert Courtneidge and Alexander M. Thompson and lyrics by Charles H. Taylor.

After a run in Manchester, England, the opera opened in London at the Apollo Theatre on 17 April 1907 for an initial run of 110 performances. It starred Ruth Vincent as Sophia and Hayden Coffin as Tom Jones. The piece also had a provincial tour and a popular Broadway run in 1907. It then disappeared from the professional repertory but eventually became very popular with amateur groups.
Brachyurin
Brachyurin (EC 3.4.21.32, Uca pugilator collagenolytic proteinase, crab protease I, crab protease II) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the Hydrolysis of proteins, with broad specificity for peptide bonds. Native collagen is cleaved about 75% of the length of the molecule from the N-terminus.

This enzyme is isolated from hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator.

Hepatopancreas
The hepatopancreas, digestive gland or midgut gland is an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas, including the production of digestive enzymes, and absorption of digested food.