hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-1275
German submarine U-1275 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 13 June 1942, and was laid down on 7 July 1943, at Bremer Vulkan-Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack, as yard number 70. She was launched on 8 February 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hellmut Niss on 22 March 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (Aymara: aymara, listenⓘ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

The Aymara have lived in the region for over 7,250 years. By the late 15th century or early 16th century, they became a subject people of the Inca Empire and later of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Following the Spanish American wars of independence (1810–1825), the Aymara became subjects to the new nations of Bolivia and Peru. After the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile annexed territory inhabited by the Aymara population.

Pedro Cieza de León
Pedro Cieza de León (Llerena, Spain c. 1518 or 1520 – Seville, Spain July 2, 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and chronicler of Peru and Popayán. He is known primarily for his extensive work, Crónicas del Perú (The Chronicle of Peru), which has been described as "fundamental to an understanding of Inca history, as he was the first to consider the structure and organization of the Inca Empire." He wrote this book in four parts, but only the first was published during his lifetime; the remaining sections were not published until the 19th and 20th centuries.
Jewish Board of Guardians (United Kingdom)
The Board of Guardians for the Relief of the Jewish Poor or, as it is most generally known, the Jewish Board of Guardians, was a charity established by the upper class Jewish community in the East End of London in 1859. The board sought to provide relief for Jewish immigrants and soon became the central provider of relief for the Jewish poor in London.

After an amalgamation with other charities in the 1990s, the Jewish Board of Guardians became Jewish Care, an organization that still exists today.

Overcrowding
Overcrowding or crowding is the condition where more people are located within a given space than is considered tolerable from a safety and health perspective.  Safety and health perspectives depend on current environments and on local cultural norms. Overcrowding may arise temporarily or regularly, in the home, in public spaces or on public transport. Overcrowding in the home can cause particular concern, since the home is an individual's place of shelter.

Effects on quality of life due to crowding may include increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy and poor hygiene practices.
While population density offers an objective measure of the number of people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density. However, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for administrative purposes depend on density measures and do not usually incorporate people's perceptions of crowding.
Missouri City, Texas
Missouri City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County, with a small portion in Harris County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 74,259, an increase over the figure of 67,358 tabulated in 2010.

Texas State Highway 6
State Highway 6 (SH 6) runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma state line, to northwest of Galveston, where it is known as the Old Galveston Highway. In Sugar Land and Missouri City, it is known as Alvin-Sugarland Road and runs perpendicular to Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 (I-69/US 59). In the Houston area, it runs north to Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960), then northwest along US 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the Bryan–College Station area, it is known as the Earl Rudder Freeway. In Hearne, it is known as Market Street. In Calvert, it is known as Main Street. For most of its length, SH 6 is not a limited-access road. In 1997, the Texas Legislature designated SH 6 as the Texas Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway.
Knights in White Satin
Knights in White Satin is a 1976 album composed, produced and performed by Giorgio Moroder.

Side A of the album is a continuous three part suite, consisting of a disco version of the Moody Blues' 1967 hit "Nights in White Satin", with a Moroder/Bellotte composition called "In the Middle of the Knight" acting as the second (middle) section. The composition is typical of the disco era in that it covers an entire LP side, but atypical as it is quite slow, only 110bpm, and not what was usually considered the standard at the time, which was 120bpm.

The primary bass line figure used in the "Knights in White Satin" track was re-used, at a faster tempo and with additional delay effects, in "Chase", recorded for Moroder's 1978 soundtrack of Alan Parker's film, Midnight Express.

Chase (instrumental)
"Chase" (also known as "The Chase") is an instrumental composition by Italian music producer Giorgio Moroder. It was released as a single by Casablanca Records during 1978 from his Academy Award-winning soundtrack album Midnight Express (1978), and was a disco instrumental that was subsequently extended and released as a maxi single. It made the US Billboard Hot 100 in January 1979, peaking at number 33, and the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 48.
Amniotic stem cell bank
An amniotic stem cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use. Stem cell samples in private (or family) banks are stored specifically for use by the individual person from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paid by such person.  The sample can later be retrieved only by that individual and for the use by such individual or, in many cases, by her or his first-degree blood relatives. In case of amniotic fluid stem cell banking, the mother providing the donation initially has ownership of the stem cells and financial responsibility for its storage. When the child from that pregnancy reaches legal age, the ownership and responsibility for the sample may be transferred. The first private amniotic stem cell bank in the US was opened by Bio cell Center in October 2009 in Medford, Massachusetts.

Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
Crazy Stone (film)
Crazy Stone (simplified Chinese: 疯狂的石头; traditional Chinese: 瘋狂的石頭; pinyin: Fēngkúang de shítou) is a 2006 Chinese black comedy film directed by Ning Hao and produced by Andy Lau.  It was immensely popular, earning 6 million RMB in its first week and more than 23 million RMB (US$3 million) in total box office in mainland China, despite its low budget (3 million HKD/US$400,000) and cast of unknowns.  The movie was shot digitally on HD cameras and produced as part of Andy Lau's "FOCUS: First Cuts" series.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
H. George Decancq
H. George Decancq (March 17, 1901 – March 6, 1990) was an American engineer. He was known for his work of the Verrazzano–Narrows suspension bridge.

Decancq was an engineer at the civil engineering firm Ammann & Whitney. He worked for the Port of New York Authority from 1928 to 1959, before and after his service in the Navy during World War II. He was awarded the Authority’s Distinguished Service Medal in 1964.

Decancq died in March 1990 of Parkinson's disease at his home in Rochester, New York, at the age of 88.

Ammann & Whitney
Ammann & Whitney was a full-service civil engineering firm that provided design and construction services for public and private sector projects. The firm provided new construction, renovations, adaptive reuse, historic preservation, interior design and sustainable design.

In 2016, Ammann & Whitney merged with Louis Berger to form Louis Berger U.S.
Kerakuchi
Kheraikuchi is the locality in Guwahati, Assam, India; surrounded by the localities of Ghoramara, Sawkuchi and Bhetapara Often pronounced wrongly as Kerakuchi, which diverts from the Bodo Language meaning of the word Kheraikuchi.

Ghoramara Island
Ghoramara Island is an island 92 km south of Kolkata, India in the Sundarban Delta complex of the Bay of Bengal. The island is small, roughly five square kilometers in area, and is quickly disappearing due to erosion and sea level rise.
Ovy on the Drums
Daniel Echavarría Oviedo (born 1991), known professionally as Ovy on the Drums, is a Colombian record producer, songwriter and former footballer. He is a longtime collaborator of Colombian singer-songwriter Karol G, and has also worked with Blessd, Micro TDH, Myke Towers, and Shakira, among other Latin music acts. Echavarría won a Latin Grammy for Album of the Year and a Grammy Award for Best Música Urbana Album for his production work on Karol G's 2023 album Mañana Será Bonito. He has received a total of eight Latin Grammy nominations. Described as "one of Latin music's top producers", Echavarría has had 32 entries on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart as of 2022.

Micro TDH
Fernando Daniel Morillo Rivas (born April 14, 1999), known professionally as Micro TDH, is a Venezuelan singer, rapper and songwriter. He was awarded at the Union Rock Show Awards as "Mejor artista revelación" in 2016.

Known for singles like "Cafuné", "Bésame sin sentir", "Aquí Estoy", among others. He gained greater popularity internationally thanks to his collaboration on the song "Te vi" with the Colombian group Piso 21, "Demasiado Tarde" as a duet with Lenny Tavárez, "Dime Cuantas Veces Remix" with Rels B, Lenny Tavárez & Justin Quiles, and his single with Myke Towers, "El Tren".
Palacio de la Exposición
The Palacio de la Exposición is a building on Colon Avenue in downtown Lima, Peru. It was constructed in the 19th century with the Park of the Exposition to house the International Exposition of Lima in 1872. Since 1957, it has been home to the Lima Art Museum.

Lima District
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈli.ma]) is a district of Lima, Peru. It is the oldest district of the province and as such, vestiges of the city's Spanish period remain today in its historic centre, part of which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 and contains the foundational area once surrounded by the city's walls.
SS John B. Gordon
SS John B. Gordon was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John B. Gordon, a Confederate States Army general, United States Senator from Georgia, and 53rd Governor of Georgia.

Governor of Georgia
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard, when not in federal service, and State Defense Force. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature, and the power to convene the legislature into special session. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.
Florida's 6th Senate district
Florida's 6th Senate district elects one member to the Florida Senate. The district consists of Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Gilchrist, Union counties, and part of Alachua county, in the U.S. state of Florida. The current senator is Republican Jennifer Bradley.

Gilchrist County, Florida
Gilchrist County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,864. The county seat is Trenton.

Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Groote Kaap
Groote Kaap (Great Cape) (also known as the Julianadorp Lighthouse) is a round steel lighthouse painted red with a white light casing on the North Sea coast in the dunes near Julianadorp by the sea, in the municipality of Schagen in the Netherlands. The construction of the tower was completed in 1966. The tower was replaced in 1985.

The tower is 16.8 metres high, and the light has a height of 31 metres above sea level. It is listed with the international number of B0849 and national number of 1482.

Schagen
Schagen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxaːɣə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the northwestern Netherlands. It is located between Alkmaar and Den Helder, in the region of West Friesland and the province of North Holland. It received city rights in 1415. In 2013, Schagen merged with the neighbouring municipalities of Zijpe and Harenkarspel, forming a new municipality, also called Schagen. The town hall is located in the main town of Schagen.

It had a population of 46,532 in 2021 and covers an area of 187.28 km2 (72.31 sq mi).
NGC 3187
NGC 3187, also known as HGC 44D, is a large barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 1,901 ± 22 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 28.0 ± 2.0 Mpc (~91.3 million ly). NGC 3187 was discovered by Irish physicist George Stoney in 1850.

The luminosity class of NGC 3187 is III and it has a broad HI line. It also contains regions of ionized hydrogen.

With a surface brightness equal to 15.30 mag/am^2, NGC 3187 is classified as a low surface brightness galaxy (LSB). LSB galaxies are diffuse galaxies with a surface brightness less than one magnitude lower than that of the ambient night sky.

To date, eight non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 25,700 ± 10,409 Mpc (~83.8 million ly), which is within the Hubble distance range.

George Johnstone Stoney
George Johnstone Stoney (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist and academic who is best known for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity"; he initially named it electrolion in 1881, and later named it electron in 1891. He published around 75 scientific papers during his lifetime, and was the professor of Physics at Queen's College Galway from 1852 to 1857.
Evangelical School of Smyrna
The Evangelical School (Greek: Ευαγγελική Σχολή officially Ἡ ἐν Σμύρνῃ Εὐαγγελική Σχολή) was a Greek educational institution established in 1733 in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire, now İzmir, Turkey. The school, initially an Orthodox Church-approved institution, attracted major figures of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. During the late 19th-early 20th century it became the most important Greek school in the city, possessing an archaeological museum, a natural science collection and a library, which contained some 50,000 volumes and 180 manuscripts. The Evangelical School ceased its operation in 1922 as a result of the Turkish capture of Smyrna, and was converted into the Namik Kemal High School.

Turkish capture of Smyrna
The Turkish capture of Smyrna or the Liberation of İzmir (Turkish: İzmir'in Kurtuluşu) marked the end of the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War, and the culmination of the Turkish War of Independence. On 9 September 1922, following the headlong retreat of the Greek army after its defeat at the Battle of Dumlupınar and its evacuation from western Anatolia, the Turkish 5th Cavalry Corps under the command of Major-General Fahrettin Altay within Turkish Army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Pasha marched into the city of Smyrna (modern İzmir), bringing three years of Greek occupation to an end.
David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies
The David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies provides international study and service opportunities for students at Brigham Young University (BYU). The center was named after former Secretary of Treasury David Matthew Kennedy. The center is housed in the Herald R. Clark building and offers six interdisciplinary studies programs: Ancient Near East studies, Asian Studies, European Studies, International Relations, Latin American Studies, and Middle Eastern Studies/Arabic.  The center also manages BYU’s study abroad programs. As of August 2021, the director for the center was V. Stanley Benfell following Renata Forste's appointment as BYU International Vice President.

Middle Eastern Studies (journal)
Middle Eastern Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of Middle-Eastern studies. It was established in 1964 by Elie Kedourie, who served as editor-in-chief from 1964 to 1992, and is published by Taylor & Francis. From 1992 to 2016, the journal was edited by Sylvia Kedourie. It is now co-edited by Saul Kelly and Helen Kedourie.
Rubus dorcheei
Rubus dorcheei is an Asian species of thorny fruiting shrub in Rosaceae family, first described in 2021. It is endemic to Nepal, found only in the subtropical forests of Kathmandu. The samples of the new plant were collected for the first time from Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park in 2018 at an altitude of 1,930m. The taxon is named after plant enthusiast La Dorchee Sherpa who first came across the plant. The published name was Rubus dorcheae, but as La Dorchee Sherpa is a man, the epithet was corrected to dorcheei.

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the ninth national park in Nepal and was established in 2002. It is located in the country's mid-hills on the northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley and named after Shivapuri Peak at 2,732 m (8,963 ft) altitude. It covers an area of 159 km2 (61 sq mi) in the districts of Kathmandu, Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk, adjoining 23 Village Development Committees. In the west, the protected area extends to the Dhading District.
DAF SB220
The DAF SB220 was a full-size single-decker bus chassis produced by DAF Bus International from 1985. Initially only built in left hand drive, in 1988 a right hand drive version was launched for the United Kingdom market. An articulated version was also manufactured.

It was superseded by the DAF/VDL SB200 and SB250.

Tata Hispano
Tata Hispano Motors Carrocera, S.A. (formerly Hispano Carrocera, S.A.), based in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, was one of the largest manufacturers of bus and coach cabins in Europe. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of the India-based Tata Motors. Tata Motors acquired control of the company in 2005, after purchasing a 21% stake in the company. In 2009, it acquired the remaining 79% from Investalia SA.

Apart from their main plant in Zaragoza, Hispano had a second one in Casablanca, Morocco; combined, they had a production capacity of 2,000 units in a year. Tata intended to keep the Moroccan plant open.

Hispano bodied buses were built by TATA Motors in India at the ACGL plant in Goa. The bus was called Tata Divo.
Softball at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games
The softball competition of the 2021 Junior Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia was held from 27 November to 2 December at the Estadio Edgardo Schemel, the events were played by women's U23 national teams.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Oorukku Upadesam
Oorukku Upadesam (/upəðeɪsəm/ transl. Lecture to people) is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film directed by S. P. Muthuraman. The film stars S. Ve. Shekher, Urvasi and Visu, with Delhi Ganesh, Charuhasan, Dilip, Subhakar, Pushpalatha and Vanitha in supporting roles. It is an adaptation of Visu's 1974 play Sirithu Konde Azhugirom (transl. We laugh as we cry). The film was released on 24 February 1984. It was remade in Kannada the same year as Indina Ramayana.

Vanitha Krishnachandran
Vanitha Krishnachandran is an Indian film and television actress. She acted during the 1980s in nearly 170 films in Tamil and Malayalam films. She is currently more active with several Tamil and Malayalam television serials.
Don Nottingham
Donald Ray Nottingham (born June 26, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Baltimore Colts and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).  He was affectionately referred to as "the Human Bowling Ball" because of his short but robust frame. He played college football for the Kent State Golden Flashes.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.