hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerzy Łojek
Jerzy Łojek (3 September 1932 – 7 October 1986) was a Polish historian and opposition activist in the People's Republic of Poland. He specialized in European, Polish and Russian history of the 17th to 20th centuries. Some of his works were first published underground. The communist government prevented him from receiving a professorship.

His wife was the historian Bożena Mamontowicz-Łojek, who served as President of the Polish Katyn Foundation.

Polish underground press
The Polish underground press, devoted to prohibited materials (sl. Polish: bibuła [biˈbu.wa] ⓘ, lit. semitransparent blotting paper or, alternatively, Polish: drugi obieg [ˈdru.ɡi ˈɔ.bjɛk], lit. second circulation), has a long history of combatting censorship of oppressive regimes in Poland. It existed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, including under foreign occupation of the country, as well as during the totalitarian rule of the pro-Soviet government. Throughout the Eastern Bloc, bibuła published until the collapse of communism was known also as samizdat (see below).
On the Trail of the Bremen Town Musicians
On the Trail of the Bremen Town Musicians (Russian: По следам бременских музыкантов, romanized: Po sledam bremenskikh muzykantov) is a 1973 Soviet animated short film directed by Vasily Livanov. It was made as a sequel to The Bremen Town Musicians. Zherzdeva & Gorokhov, who voiced the princess & the donkey in the first film were the only ones to reprise their roles.

The King, wanting for his daughter to be found and returned to his castle, hires Detective to carry out the task. He successfully kidnaps and returns Princess back to the kingdom, but Troubadour and his animal friends Bremen Town Musicians hurry to release her. Disguised as foreign rock singers, the group distracts the King and the Detective, while Troubadour rescues his love and together they escape once again.

Muslim Magomayev (musician)
Muslim Muhammad oghlu Magomayev (Azerbaijani: Müslüm Məhəmməd oğlu Maqomayev / Мүслүм Мәһәммәд оғлу Магомајев; 17 August 1942 – 25 October 2008), dubbed the "Soviet Sinatra", was a Soviet and Russo-Azerbaijani opera and pop singer. He achieved widespread recognition throughout Russia and the post-Soviet world for his vocal talent and charisma, including a People's Artist of the USSR award in 1973.
Independent Music New Zealand
Independent Music New Zealand Incorporated (IMNZ) is a trade body which was set up in 2001 to provide a voice for New Zealand independent record labels and distributors.

IMNZ mainly exists to promote independent labels and their artists; and to act as advocates for changes that may need to be made to the industry that will benefit independent labels.

IMNZ started with about 15 member labels, this had grown to nearly 70 by 2007. Member labels and distributors' artists include such diverse acts as Hollie Smith, Scribe (rapper), Fat Freddy’s Drop, SJD (musician), 8 Foot Sativa, Fly My Pretties, Don McGlashan and many more.

The organisation is a member of WIN – the World Wide Independent Music Network.  This is made up of 27 member countries, with Board members including the heads of the Tommy Boy, Beggars Group, Cooking Vinyl and K7 labels. WIN is also associated with IMPALA, the international independent music producers' overarching trade body.

SJD (musician)
SJD, or Sean James Donnelly, is a musician from Auckland, New Zealand. His music is a mix of pop-rock, soul, and electronic music. The name SJD also refers to Donnelly's touring band when not performing solo.
Drop impact
In fluid dynamics, drop impact occurs when a drop of liquid strikes a solid or liquid surface. The resulting outcome depends on the properties of the drop, the surface, and the surrounding fluid, which is most commonly a gas.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Chalone AVA
Chalone identifies the first  American Viticultural Area (AVA) established in  Monterey County, California, straddling its border with San Benito County where it is the second established AVA.  Chalone viticultural area is located in the Gabilan Mountains east of Soledad.  It was recognized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) effective on July 14, 1982, after reviewing the petition submitted by the Gavilan Vineyards, Inc. to establish a viticultural area in Monterey and San Benito counties to be named "The Pinnacles".  The area encompasses 8,640 acres (14 sq mi) and the proposed name was recognition of the nearby Chalone peaks.

American Viticultural Area
An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States, providing an official appellation for the mutual benefit of wineries and consumers. Winemakers frequently want their consumers to know about the geographic pedigree of their wines, as wines from a particular area can possess distinctive characteristics. Consumers often seek out wines from specific AVAs, and certain wines of particular pedigrees can claim premium prices and loyal customers. If a wine is labeled with an AVA, at least 85% of the grapes that make up the wine must have been grown in the AVA, and the wine must be fully finished within the state where the AVA is located.
Pittsburgh Opera
Pittsburgh Opera is an American opera company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.   Pittsburgh Opera gives performances in several venues, primarily at the Benedum Center, with other performances at the Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts School (CAPA) Theater. Pittsburgh Opera headquarters Archived 2009-09-07 at the Wayback Machine is located in the former George Westinghouse Air Brake Factory, 2425 Liberty Avenue, in the Strip District. Pittsburgh Opera has been awarded LEED Silver Certification by the  U.S. Green Building Council and is the first "green" opera company in the U.S. in the Operations and Maintenance Category. Pittsburgh Opera's headquarters is also the oldest green building in Pittsburgh.

Strip District, Pittsburgh
The Strip District is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a one-half square mile area of land northeast of the central business district bordered to the north by the Allegheny River and to the south by portions of the Hill District.  The Strip District runs between 11th and 33rd Streets and includes four main thoroughfares—Railroad Street/Waterfront Place, Smallman Street, Penn Avenue, and Liberty Avenue—as well as various side streets.

A warehouse district that was once home to many mills and factories, today the Strip District is a destination for groceries, restaurants, bars, and art. Recently, it has become home to dozens of tech and robotics companies as well as a rapidly growing residential population.
Ulmus minor 'Viminalis Incisa'
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Viminalis Incisa' was listed and described by John Frederick Wood, F.H.S., in The Midland Florist and Suburban Horticulturist (1851), along with what he called U. Viminalis and U. Viminalis Variegata, as U. Viminalis Incisa, the Cut-leaved Twiggy-branched elm. An Ulmus campestris var. nuda subvar. incisa Hort.Vilv. was described by Wesmael in 1863, and considered by Green (1964) to be possibly one of Melville's U. × viminalis.

Ronald Melville (botanist)
Ronald Melville FLS (12 March 1903 – 6 August 1985) was an English botanist, based at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. He is chiefly remembered for his wartime research into rosehips as a source of vitamin C, prompted by the epidemic of scurvy amongst children owing to the reduced importation of fresh fruit. His research concluded that hips from the common Dog Rose, Rosa canina, held the highest concentration of the vitamin. In later years, he challenged the two-species taxonomy of the British elms proposed by Richens, identifying five distinct species, several varieties and numerous complex hybrids. Melville assembled a large collection of elm species, varieties and hybrids which are still growing at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's Wakehurst site.

Melville also compiled the world's first Red Data Book, published in 1970, listing all known threatened plants. He was made a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1938. The tree Acacia melvillei is named in his honour.
Nermai
Nermai (/neɪrmaɪ/ transl. Honesty) is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language crime drama film, directed by R. Krishnamoorthy and produced by K. R. Gangadharan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Sujatha, Prabhu and Radhika. It is a remake of the Hindi film Bulundi (1981).

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
1980 Cameroonian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Cameroon on 5 April 1980. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Cameroonian National Union as the sole legal party. Its leader, Ahmadou Ahidjo, was the only candidate in the election, and won unopposed. Voter turnout was 99%.

Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM; French: Rassemblement démocratique du Peuple Camerounais, RDPC) is the ruling  political party in Cameroon. Previously known as the Cameroonian National Union, which had dominated Cameroon politics since independence in the 1960s, it was renamed in 1985. The national president of the CPDM is Paul Biya, the president of Cameroon, while the secretary-general of the party's Central Committee is Jean Nkuete.
Daniel Boyle (writer)
Daniel Boyle is a Scottish screenwriter best known for devising the television series Hamish Macbeth and writing twelve episodes of the show.

Boyle left school at fifteen and for the next eleven years worked as a seaman. He left the sea and became a postman for four years before going to university as a mature student. After university his main occupation was as a college lecturer. He became a full-time writer in 1990, writing extensively for television, had four original films produced, and contributed episodes to series Inspector Morse, Rebus, Hamish Macbeth, Taggart and Lewis.

Boyle is married and has three children and four grandchildren.

Rebus (2000 TV series)
Rebus is a British television detective drama series based on the Inspector Rebus novels by the Scottish author Ian Rankin. The series, produced by STV Studios for the ITV network, was broadcast between 26 April 2000 and 7 December 2007, and consisted of fourteen episodes across four series.

The first series starred John Hannah as the title character; and was co-produced by Hannah's own production company, Clerkenwell Films. After Hannah quit, the role was re-cast with Ken Stott appearing in three subsequent series, produced in-house by STV.

In 2022, it was announced the series would return to television, with Nordic streaming service Viaplay producing a new Rebus adaptation, starring Richard Rankin, the company's first original commission in the UK.
Valtierra
Valtierra (Basque: Balterra) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

In 918, Ordoño II of Asturias and Sancho I of Pamplona attacked the fortress of Valtierra and burned its mosque and surrounding territory but failed to take the town.

In 1110, the Battle of Valtierra was fought nearby.

Ordoño II of León
Ordoño II (c. 873 – June 924, León) was a king of Galicia from 910, and king of Galicia and León from 914 until his death. He was an energetic ruler who submitted the kingdom of Leon to his control and fought successfully against the Muslims, who still dominated most of the Iberian Peninsula. His reign marked the tactical and smooth transition of the regnum Asturum to the regnum Legionis, with the royal headquarters already established in the city of León.
Ricky Womack
Ricky Womack (May 7, 1961 in Detroit, Michigan – January 19, 2002 at St. John Oakland Hospital, Madison Heights, Michigan) was a professional boxer from the United States. Known primarily for his amateur career, during which he already earned his nickname "Wonderful", coming to attention of Howard Cosell, who predicted his bright future as a most likely U.S. Olympic Team light heavyweight for the 1984 Olympics, and a successful professional career afterwards, but both predictions proved unfulfilled, as Womack lost the Olympic qualifiers to Evander Holyfield, and his up-and-coming professional career crumbled after a criminal conviction. Ricky committed two armed robberies that resulted in 15 years of prison.

United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics
The United States was the host nation of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. It was the nineteenth time that Team USA participated, having boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics four years earlier. 522 competitors, 339 men and 183 women, took part in 217 events in 25 sports.

These Olympic Games were unique for the United States in that the host state was California, the home state of the country's president, Ronald Reagan, who himself opened the Games, becoming the first American president to open a Summer Olympics, and also any Olympic games in the United States. Reagan was governor of the state from 1967 to 1975. It was not until the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City that an American president opened a Winter Olympics in the United States.

The United States topped the medal count for the first time since 1968, winning a record 83 gold medals and surpassing the Soviet Union's total of 80 golds at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Vanderbilt Trophy
The trophy is awarded for the Vanderbilt Knockout Teams national bridge championship held at the spring American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC), its oldest continuing event.

The Vanderbilt is a team event, typically lasting seven days with each day being a knock-out round consisting of two sessions of 32 boards. The event is open and seeded.

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
Filipp Braylyan
Filipp Vasilyevich Braylyan (Russian: Филипп Васильевич Брайлян; 3 July 1901 – 30 July 1973) was a Soviet Army major general who held divisional commands during World War II.

Conscripted into the Red Army in the early 1920s, Braylyan rose through a series of command and staff positions to regimental command before Germany invaded the Soviet Union.  He commanded a regiment in the retreat through Ukraine in 1941 and after breaking out of encirclement was appointed commander of the 349th Rifle Division, which he led in the Barvenkovo–Lozovaya offensive of January 1942. Seriously concussed a few months later, Braylyan was posted to command the 34th Guards Rifle Division in March 1943 after recovering. He led the division in the fighting on the Mius-Front and the advance through the Donbass and Ukraine during 1943 and 1944. After falling ill in May 1944, Braylyan commanded officer training courses until his retirement in the late 1950s.

Order of Kutuzov
The Order of Kutuzov (Russian: орден Кутузова orden Kutuzova) is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named after famous Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813). The Order was established during World War II to reward senior Red Army officers. The Order of Kutuzov has three classes and was retained by the Russian Federation after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.
William Tooth
William Butler Tooth (1823 – 1876) was an English born Australian politician and pastoralist, who represented the electoral district of Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett, Maranoa, Leichhardt and Port Curtis in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1858 until 1859.

He was the founder of the Union Club and was a member of the committees of the Sydney Club, the Society for Suppression of Cattle Stealing and the Agricultural Society of New South Wales.

Tooth married Lucy Ann Harris (died 1916) in Sydney in 1850 and together had nine children. He died in Toowoomba in 1876 and was buried in Drayton and Toowoomba Cemetery.

Electoral district of Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett and Maranoa
The United pastoral districts of Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett and Maranoa, and from 1857 Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett, Maranoa, Leichhardt and Port Curtis, was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1856 and consisted of the pastoral districts around the early settlements of Moreton Bay; Wide Bay, near Maryborough; the Burnett River, near Bundaberg; and the Maranoa region of South-western Queensland. In September 1856 the pastoral districts around the Leichhardt River in the Gulf of Carpentaria region and Port Curtis (Gladstone) were added to the electorate. The district was abolished for the 1859 election and replaced by the separate districts of East Moreton, West Moreton, Burnett (which included Wide Bay) and Leichhardt (which included Port Curtis), while Maranoa became part of Darling Downs. All of these districts became part of Queensland when it was established as a separate colony in late 1859.
Ward Cates
Willard Cates Jr. (November 16, 1942 – March 17, 2016) was an American epidemiologist and public health advocate known for his work on HIV/AIDS and women's health. In 1974, he began working at the Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), where he researched the epidemiology of abortion. He served as director of the CDC's Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases from 1982 to 1992. In 1994, he began working at FHI 360, where he became president of the Institute for Family Health in 1998. He was a member of the Institute of Medicine and served as president of both the Society for Epidemiologic Research and the Association of Reproductive Health Professionals.

Association of Reproductive Health Professionals
The Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP) was a non-profit organization founded in 1963 by Alan Frank Guttmacher. It was a membership association of nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, pharmacists, physician assistants, physicians, researchers, educators, and other professionals. The organization closed in 2019.

According to their mission statement, the organization aimed to "...provide reproductive health services or education, conduct reproductive health research, or influence reproductive health policy. ARHP educated healthcare professionals, policy makers and the public. The organization fostered research and advocacy to improve reproductive health."

The organization was accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education.

Contraception is the Association's official journal.
The Knickerbocker Buckaroo
The Knickerbocker Buckaroo is a 1919 American silent Western/romantic comedy film directed by Albert Parker and starring Douglas Fairbanks, who also wrote (under the pseudonym Elton Thomas) and produced the film. The Knickerbocker Buckaroo is now considered lost.

Albert Parker (director)
Albert Parker (May 11, 1885 – August 10, 1974) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor. He directed 36 films between 1917 and 1938. In the early 1930s Parker left Hollywood for England where he continued to direct films and also opened an actors' agency office. One of his later clients in the 1960s was actress Helen Mirren. He was born in New York, USA, and died in London, England.
Pierre's Pot
Pierre's Pot is a karst cave in Burrington Combe on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England.

The cave was discovered in 1983 and has two main levels, the lower level being reached through an extremely tight rift. There is an active streamway and sump which, following a 15 m (49 ft) dive, leads to another streamway and a number of passages.

The derivation of the cave's name is from one of the nicknames of Mike "Fish" Jeanmaire of the Axbridge Caving Group in the early 1960s.

Burrington Combe
Burrington Combe is a Carboniferous Limestone gorge near the village of Burrington, on the north side of the Mendip Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, in North Somerset, England.

"Combe" or "coombe" is a word of Celtic origin found in several forms on all of the British Isles, denoting a steep-sided valley or hollow. Burrington Combe is a gorge through the limestone hills although there is now no river running through it. Various cave entrances are exposed which have been occupied by humans for over 10,000 years, with a hillfort being built beside the combe in the Iron Age. The geology has led to a diversity of plant life.

According to legend Augustus Montague Toplady was inspired to write the hymn Rock of Ages while sheltering under a rock in the combe, although recent scholars have disputed this claim.