hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish Blood
Polish Blood (German: Polenblut) is a 1934 musical film directed by Carl Lamac and starring Anny Ondra, Hans Moser and Iván Petrovich. It is an operetta film, based on the libretto of the operetta Polenblut by the Austrian playwright Leo Stein. The film's sets were designed by art directors Bohumil Hes and Stepán Kopecký. A separate Czech language version titled Polská krev was also released.

Leo Stein (writer)
Leo Stein, born Leo Rosenstein (25 March 1861, Lemberg – 28 July 1921, Vienna, Austria) was a playwright and librettist of operettas in the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries, including works adapted for a number of Broadway productions.

Stein wrote libretti for Johann Strauss Jr, Franz Lehár, Emmerich Kálmán, and Oskar Nedbal. His collaboration with  Viktor Léon contributed much to Lehár's success.

A selection of his works includes Wiener Blut (1899), Die lustige Witwe (1905), Der Graf von Luxemburg (1909) and Die Csárdásfürstin (1915).

Stein is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.
Early world maps
The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek geography during this time, notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius culminated in the Roman era, with Ptolemy's world map (2nd century CE), which would remain authoritative throughout the Middle Ages. Since Ptolemy, knowledge of the approximate size of the Earth allowed cartographers to estimate the extent of their geographical knowledge, and to indicate parts of the planet known to exist but not yet explored as terra incognita.

With the Age of Discovery, during the 15th to 18th centuries, world maps became increasingly accurate; exploration of Antarctica, Australia, and the interior of Africa by western mapmakers was left to the 19th and early 20th century.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
2022 Sumatra earthquake
On 25 February 2022 at 08:39 WIB, a moment magnitude (Mw ) 6.2 earthquake struck West Sumatra, Indonesia at a depth of 4.0 km (2.5 mi). Preceded by one foreshock and followed by over 200 aftershocks, the mainshock had an epicenter at the foot of Mount Talakmau in Pasaman Regency. The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27 people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted 780 million rupiahs (IDR, US$55,000) worth of damage. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.

Pasaman Regency
Pasaman Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 3,947.63 square kilometres (1,524.19 sq mi) and had a population of 252,981 at the 2010 Census and 299,851 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 313,199 - comprising 157,978 males and 155,221 females. The regency seat is the town of Lubuk Sikaping.

Pasaman is located in the north-east of West Sumatra. The town of Bonjol, birthplace of Tuanku Imam Bonjol, is notable for being the area where the Trans-Sumatran Highway crosses the equator. Although the majority tribe in West Sumatra is Minangkabau, in Pasaman there is another big tribe, the Mandailing from North Sumatra, so Pasaman means "equality" between two tribes in the Minangkabau language (Indonesian: Persamaan). The first Vice-Regent of Pasaman was H. Ahmad Dahlan Nasution from Duo Koto, King of Sontang (kingdom of Mandailing in Pasaman).
The High and the Mighty (novel)
The High and the Mighty is a 1953 novel by Ernest K. Gann about an airline flight from Honolulu to San Francisco. Just past the halfway point, or the point of no return, the flight has a catastrophic engine failure puncturing the wing and fuel tanks. As the flight crew struggles to get the damaged airliner to safety, human drama unfolds for both the crew and passengers.

The High and the Mighty spent 57 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, from May 1953 to June 1954, peaking out at number three. The success of the novel led to the creation of a 1954 film directed by William A. Wellman and starring John Wayne and Robert Stack. The novel/film is considered the original "airline disaster" story, sparking a new genre of film with the likes of the Airport movie series and the spoof comedy Airplane! series. The novel won the silver medal at the Commonwealth Club of California's 23rd Annual California Book Awards for 1953 fiction.

Commonwealth Club of California
The Commonwealth Club World Affairs of California is a non-profit, non-partisan educational organization based in Northern California. Founded in 1903, it is the oldest and largest public affairs forum in the United States. Membership is open to everyone.

In late 2023, The Commonwealth Club of California merged with World Affairs of Northern California to form The Commonwealth Club World Affairs of California. It is headquartered in the Club's existing home on the San Francisco waterfront.
Diocese of Bayonne
The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis; French: Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron; Basque: Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bordeaux. The diocese comprises the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the région of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Its cathedral, the Cathédrale Notre-Dame in Bayonne is a World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in Aquitaine, the diocese contains two former cathedrals: the Ancienne cathédrale Notre-Dame de the Assumption, in Lescar; and the Ancienne cathédrale Sainte-Marie, in Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

Lescar
Lescar (French pronunciation: [lɛskaʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Lescar) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Lescar is the site of the Roman city known variously as Benearnum,  Beneharnum or Civitas Benarnensium, the location providing the name for the later region of Béarn.

In 841, Benearnum was razed by the Vikings and Morlaàs became the Béarnaise capital. However, from the twelfth century a new city grew up at Lescar. Lescar Cathedral was built during this period, and was the seat of the Diocese of Lescar until 1801. The remains of the last monarchs of all Navarre Queen Catherine I (†1517) and King John III (†1516) lie at the cathedral.

Today, Lescar is primarily a suburb of the nearby town of Pau. The commune of Lescar has joined together with 30 neighbouring communes to establish the Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées which provides a framework within which local tasks are carried out together.
Sreedharan Champad
Sreedharan Champad (1938 – 14 June 2024) was an Indian circus artist, circus historian and Malayalam-language writer from Kerala. He worked in a number of fields, including working as circus manager, flying trapeze artist, circus company public relations officer, auto driver, bill collector, journalist and writer. Champad wrote over 20 books including novels, more than 100 short stories, biographies and articles. His book An Album of Indian Big Tops chronicles the history of the circus industry in India from 1880 to 2010.

Flying trapeze
The flying trapeze is a specific form of the trapeze in which a performer jumps from a platform with the trapeze so that gravity makes the trapeze swing.

The performance was invented in 1859 by a Frenchman named Jules Léotard, who connected a bar to some ventilator cords above the swimming pool in his father's gymnasium in Toulouse, France. After practicing tricks above the pool, Leotard performed his act in the Cirque Napoleon (now known as the Cirque d'hiver).  The traditional flier's costume, the leotard, is named after him.
Burnt Woods, Oregon
Burnt Woods is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It is located about 16 miles (26 km) west of Philomath on U.S. Route 20 in the Central Oregon Coast Range near the Tumtum River.

Burnt Woods post office was established in 1919, after the name was chosen from a list of proposed names sent to the Post Office Department. The signs of past forest fires are still evident in the area. Burnt Woods post office closed in 1978.

The community has a store and a café. The store has been operating since the early 1920s.
The café was opened in 1925 and has had several owners since then.

Ellmaker State Wayside is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Burnt Woods, accessed westbound on U.S. Route 20.

U.S. Route 20 in Oregon
U.S. Route 20 (US 20) is a major west–east cross-state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Oregon, especially east of the Cascade Mountains. It connects U.S. Route 101 in Newport on the central Oregon Coast to the Idaho state line east of Nyssa.
Casey's Shadow
Casey's Shadow is a 1978 Metrocolor sports drama film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Walter Matthau. The film is based on an article in The New Yorker by John McPhee ("Ruidoso", published April 29, 1974). Much of the exterior shooting was done in the city of Carencro, Louisiana, 20 miles north of Lafayette.

Carencro, Louisiana
Carencro (/ˈkærənkroʊ/; historically French: Saint-Pierre) is a city in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is a suburb of the nearby city of Lafayette. The population was 7,526 at the 2010 census, up from 6,120 in 2000; at the 2020 census, its population was 9,272. The name of the city is derived from the Cajun French word for buzzard; the spot where the community was settled was one where large flocks of American black vultures roosted in the bald cypress trees. The name means "carrion crow." Carencro is part of the Lafayette metropolitan area.
Oregon's 26th House district
District 26 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district contains portions of Clackamas and Washington counties. The district includes Wilsonville and Sherwood as well as parts of King City. Representative Courtney Neron Misslin left her office on May 9, 2025 to accept an appointment to the senate to finish out deceased Senator Aaron Woods's term. Sue Rieke Smith was appointed on June 7 to represent the district.

Sherwood, Oregon
Sherwood is a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Located in the southeast corner of the county, it is a residential community in the Tualatin Valley, southwest of Portland. The population was 20,450 at the 2020 census. Sherwood was first incorporated in 1893 as a town. Originally named Smockville after its founder, James Christopher Smock, the town was given its current name by local businessman Robert Alexander in 1891. The name "Sherwood" may have come from Sherwood, Michigan or the Sherwood Forest in England.
John Gilbert (naturalist)
John Gilbert (c. 1812 – 28 June 1845) was an English naturalist and explorer. Gilbert is often cited in the earliest descriptions of many Australian animals, many of which were unrecorded in European literature, and some of these are named for him by those authors. Gilbert was sent to the newly founded Swan River Colony and made collections and notes on the unique birds and mammals of the surrounding region. He later joined expeditions to remote parts the country, continuing to make records and collections until he was killed during a violent altercation at Mitchell River (Queensland) on the Cape York Peninsula.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Wendlebury Meads and Mansmoor Closes
Wendlebury Meads and Mansmoor Closes is a 73.2-hectare (181-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Wendlebury in Oxfordshire.

Wendlebury Meads consists of several meadows which have been traditionally managed, and have complex and varied flora. Calcareous pastures were common in southern England at the beginning of the twentieth century, and these meadows are among the few have survived agricultural improvements. Almost all show evidence of medieval ridge and furrow ploughing. Mansmoor Closes were enclosed very early, before 1622, and are important from both a landscape and archaeological point of view. More than 160 plant species have been recorded, including 11 of dandelion. There are birds such as snipe and curlew, and many common butterflies.

The site is private land, but it is crossed by a public footpath between Charlton-on-Otmoor and Wendlebury.

Wendlebury
Wendlebury is a village and civil parish about 2 miles (3 km) southwest of Bicester and about 1⁄2 mile (800 m) from Junction 9 of the M40. Junction 9 is where the A34 and A41 roads meet the M40, and it is also called the Wendlebury Interchange.

A stream flows through the centre of the village, parallel with the main street. The 2011 census recorded the parish's population as 421.

The toponym is derived from Old English, meaning the burh of a Saxon named Wændel.
Shrisitaramakelikaumudi
Śrīsītārāmakelikaumudī (Hindi: श्रीसीतारामकेलिकौमुदी) (2008), literally The moonlight (elucidation) for the [childhood] pastimes of Sītā and Rāma, is a minor poem in the Braja dialect of Hindi (with some verses in Maithili) belonging to the Rītikāvya genre. It was composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in the years 2007 and 2008. The work is set in the backdrop of the Bālakāṇḍa of Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa and Tulasīdāsa's Rāmacaritamānasa, and is an assortment of verses describing the activities, pastimes and major events during the childhood of Sītā and Rāma. Śrīsītārāmakelikaumudī consists of 324 verses divided in three parts of 108 verses each. The verses are composed in seven Prakrit metres, namely Amātrika, Kavitta, Gīta, Ghanākṣarī, Caupaiyā, Drumila, and Mattagajendra.

A copy of the epic with a Hindi commentary has been published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released on October 30, 2008.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Frankolovo crime
The Frankolovo crime (Slovene: Frankolovski zločin) was one of the worst Nazi war crimes in the territory of present-day Slovenia during World War II. On February 12, 1945, members of the Wehrmacht killed one hundred Slovene civilians at Graben in Stranice, near Frankolovo.

The crime was committed as revenge for a Slovene partisan ambush in Tesno gorge, when on February 2, 1945, important local Nazi officer Anton Dorfmeister was mortally wounded, dying the next day in Celje hospital. In retaliation, the Nazis gathered one hundred hostages from the prisons of Celje, Maribor, and Trbovlje and hanged them on trees along the road.

Celje
Celje (/ˈ(t)sɛljeɪ/ (T)SEL-yay; Slovene: [ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ] ⓘ; German: Cilli [ˈtsɪli] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje. The town is located below Upper Celje Castle at the confluence of the Savinja, Hudinja, Ložnica, and Voglajna rivers in the lower Savinja Valley, and at the crossing of the roads connecting Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, and the Central Sava Valley.
Kori bustard
The kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) is the largest flying bird native to Africa. It is a member of the bustard family, which all belong to the order Otidiformes and are restricted in distribution to the Old World. It is one of the four species (ranging from Africa to India to Australia) in the large-bodied genus Ardeotis. The male kori bustard may be the heaviest living animal capable of flight.

This species, like most bustards, is a ground-dwelling bird and an opportunistic omnivore. Male kori bustards, which can be more than twice as heavy as the female, attempt to breed with as many females as possible and take no part in the raising of the young. The nest is a shallow hollow in the earth, often disguised by nearby obstructive objects such as trees.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Oxalic anhydride
Oxalic anhydride or ethanedioic anhydride, also called oxiranedione, is a hypothetical organic compound, one of several isomers having the formula C2O3 that have been studied computationally. It can be viewed as the anhydride of oxalic acid or the two-fold ketone of ethylene oxide. It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon).

The simple compound apparently has yet to be observed (as of 2009). In 1998, however, Paolo Strazzolini and others have claimed the synthesis of dioxane tetraketone (C4O6), which can be viewed as the cyclic dimer of oxalic anhydride.

It has been conjectured to be a fleeting intermediate in the thermal decomposition of certain oxalates and certain chemoluminescent reactions of oxalyl chloride.

Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acid converts completely to oxalate.
Surveyor Lake (Nipissing District)
Surveyor Lake is a lake in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the community of Temagami.

The lake is in the Lake Huron drainage basin, is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 0.7 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide and lies at an elevation of 292 metres (958 ft). The primary inflow, at the north of the lake, is the Temagami River from Cross Lake. Secondary inflows include three unnamed creeks, one at the east, one at the west, and one from the direction of Smith Lake at the northeast. The primary outflow, at the south and controlled by the Cross Lake Dam, is the Temagami River towards Red Cedar Lake.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.
Mirativity
In linguistics, mirativity, initially proposed by Scott DeLancey, is a grammatical category in a language, independent of evidentiality, that encodes the speaker's surprise or the unpreparedness of their mind. Grammatical elements that encode the semantic category of mirativity are called miratives (abbreviated MIR).

Surprise (emotion)
Surprise (sə(r)ˈprīzⓘ) is a rapid, fleeting mental and physiological state. It is related to the startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event.

Surprise can have any valence. That is, it can be pleasant/positive, unpleasant/negative, or neutral/moderate. Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very surprised, which may induce the fight-or-flight response, or slightly surprised, which elicits a less intense response to the stimulus.

Surprise is included as a primary or basic emotion in the taxonomies of Carroll Izard and Paul Ekman. According to these perspectives, surprise is evolutionarily adaptive, and also innate and universal across human cultures.
2007 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B 2007, namely the second division of the Brazilian League, was contested by 20 teams. The tournament started in May, and reached its end on November 24. The 20 teams played home and away matches among each other and, by the end of the year, the four best-ranked (Coritiba, Ipatinga, Portuguesa and Vitória) were promoted to the first division and the four worst-ranked (Paulista, Santa Cruz, Remo, Ituano) were relegated to the third division.

Ituano FC
Ituano Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as simply Ituano, is a Brazilian association football club in Itu, São Paulo. They currently play in the Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A2, the second tier of the São Paulo state football league.

Founded on May 24, 1947, Ituano won the São Paulo State League twice.

The club's home colours are red and black and the team mascot is a rooster.
Parma railway station
Parma (Italian: Stazione di Parma) is a railway station serving the city of Parma, in the region of Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. The station opened in 1859 and is located on the Milan–Bologna railway, Pontremolese railway (to La Spezia), Brescia–Parma railway and Parma–Suzzara railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia, Trenord and Ferrovie Emilia Romagna.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni. Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Trenord
Trenord is a railway company which is responsible for the operation of regional and suburban passenger trains mainly in Lombardy. The company was established by the two main railway companies in Lombardy, Trenitalia and Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM), to manage train operations in the region. The equity is equally divided between the two companies.

In 2023, the company provided service to about 190 million passengers, nearly 26 percent more than the 151 million in the previous year, reaching an average of more than 700,000 passengers on weekdays.