hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcus Meyer Skinner House
The Marcus Meyer Skinner House, also known as the Howorth House, is a historic house in Selma, Alabama, United States.  The large two-story Tudor Revival-style house was built in 1928 for Marcus Meyer Skinner, a renowned surgeon and native of nearby Furman.  It was designed by one of Alabama's leading architects of the day, Frank Lockwood.

Architectural historians consider the house to be an excellent example of early 20th-century domestic Tudor Revival architecture and among the best examples of the style in the Black Belt region of Alabama.  It was added to National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1987.

Furman, Alabama
Furman, also known as Old Snow Hill, is an unincorporated community in Wilcox County, Alabama, United States.  The Furman Historic District is included on the National Register of Historic Places.

Patience Plantation, completed c. 1842

Wakefield Plantation

Perdue-Williams Estes House, completed c. 1895
National Human Rights Action Plans of China
The National Human Rights Action Plan of the People's Republic of China is the first ever document published by the Information Office of the State Council to promise Chinese citizens more legal protection, better livelihoods, and greater political rights.

State Council Information Office
The State Council Information Office (SCIO) is the chief information office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and  an external name of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.

Historically, SCIO was the external name of the Office of External Propaganda (OEP) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under an arrangement termed "one institution with two names." In 2014, OEP was absorbed into the Central Propaganda Department, turning SCIO into an external nameplate.
Ariana Luamanu
Ariana Luamanu (born 30 June 2002) is a Samoan netball player who represents Samoa internationally and plays in the positions of wing attack and centre. She made her international debut for Samoa at the age of 15 in December 2017.

She made her maiden World Cup appearance representing Samoa at the 2019 Netball World Cup. Ariana was selected into the Samoan squad for the tournament while she was pursuing her high school education at the Geelong Grammar School.

Samoa national netball team
The Samoa national netball team or Tifa Moana represent Samoa in international netball tests and competitions. The team are coached by Natalie Mathews and are captained by Kristiana Manu’a. As of 25 February 2025, Samoa are 18th in the INF World Rankings.
Sharp Brothers House
Sharp Brothers House is a historic home located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York.  The rear section was built about 1850 and the front about 1880.  It is a large, 2+1⁄2-story Queen Anne–style dwelling.  It features a steeply pitched, multi-gabled roof and paneled chimneys.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Passabe
Passabe is a small village in Suco Abani (Passabe Administrative Post, Oecusse-Ambeno) in Timor-Leste, near the Indonesian border. It was the site of a massacre of East Timorese by pro-Indonesia militias in the follow-up to the 1999 referendum for Timor-Leste’s independence.

Pro-Indonesia militia
Pro-Indonesia militias in East Timor, commonly known as Wanra (Indonesian: Perlawanan Rakyat), were active in the final years of the Indonesian occupation leading up to the 1999 independence referendum. They were groups of armed civilians trained by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to maintain peace and order in their region on official orders. The Indonesian Constitution of 1945 and the Defence Law of 1988 stipulate that civilians have the right and duty to defend the state by receiving basic military training.
Bolo Township, Jomda County
Bolo Township (སྤོ་, simplified Chinese: 波罗乡; traditional Chinese: 波羅鄉; pinyin: Bōluó Xiāng) is a township in Jomda County, Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Bolo Township spans an area of 1,043.77 square kilometres (403.00 sq mi), and has a population of 8,135 as of 2018.

Chamdo
Chamdo, officially Qamdo (Tibetan: ཆབ་མདོ, Wylie: chab mdo, ZWPY: qamdo) and also known in Chinese as Changdu (Chinese: 昌都; pinyin: Chang Du), is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its seat is the town of Chengguan in Karuo District. Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city after Lhasa and Shigatse.

Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is  Karuo District. Other  counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP), also known as 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP), or hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), is an endogenous progestogen steroid hormone related to progesterone. It is also a chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of many other endogenous steroids, including androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids, as well as neurosteroids.

Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids (typically made in the adrenal cortex, hence cortico-) and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads or placenta). Within those two classes are five types according to the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (both corticosteroids) and androgens, estrogens, and progestogens (sex steroids). Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. They have some of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor ligands.

Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand injury and illness. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.
Pauler
Pauler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ákos Pauler (1876–1933), Hungarian philosopher

Ildefons Pauler (1903–1996), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

Tivadar Pauler (1816–1886), Hungarian politician

Tivadar Pauler
Dr. Tivadar Pauler (9 April 1816 – 30 April 1886) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Religion and Education between 1871 and 1872. He taught for several universities in Zagreb, Győr and Pest. He was the chairman of the first Jurist Assembly in 1870. After 1872 he served as Minister of Justice until 1875. Kálmán Tisza appointed him Minister of Justice again in 1878. Pauler held this position until his death. He was also representative in the Diet of Hungary between 1871 and 1886. He became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1858.

The Civil Act of Parliament and the punisher statute book's works of the preparation was started under his ministerial term. He was the ornate advocate of the Hungarian national interests, for the university's autonomy, its electoral right fighting, and the full restoration of the Hungarian language's teaching is partly big due for him.
Southeast High School (Ohio)
Southeast High School is a public high school located in the southeastern portion of Portage County in Palmyra Township near Ravenna, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Southeast Local School District and was established in 1950 with the consolidation of five rural high schools. The current building opened in 1954 with additions built in the 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s. The district covers nearly 100 square miles (260 km2) including the entire townships of Edinburg and Palmyra, as well as most of Paris, Deerfield and Charlestown townships.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Romanes Lecture
The Romanes Lecture is a prestigious free public lecture given annually at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, England.

The lecture series was founded by, and named after, the biologist George Romanes, and has been running since 1892. Over the years, many notable figures from the Arts and Sciences have been invited to speak. The lecture can be on any subject in science, art or literature, approved by the Vice-Chancellor of the University.

John Hood (university administrator)
Sir John Antony Hood KNZM (born 2 January 1952) is a New Zealand businessman and administrator. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 5 October 2004 until 30 September 2009. He was the first Vice-Chancellor to be elected from outside Oxford's academic body in 900 years, and the first to have addressed the scholars' congregation via a webcast. In March 2007 New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark awarded him the World Class New Zealand supreme award to honour his contribution to profiling New Zealand and New Zealanders internationally. On 15 November 2007 he announced that he would not seek an extension to his five-year term as Vice Chancellor, and that he would leave Oxford in September 2009.
Pullen Island Conservation Park
Pullen Island Conservation Park is a protected area that includes all of Pullen Island about 0.5 kilometres (0.31 miles) south of Port Elliot in South Australia and about 94 kilometres (58 miles) south of Adelaide.

The park was proclaimed in 1972 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, replacing earlier protected area status as a Fauna Conservation Reserve which was proclaimed in 1967. The protected area status exists to protect the island as a breeding area for sea birds such as little penguins and silver gulls.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category IA protected area. In 1980, it was included on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

Silver gull
The silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) is a gull in Oceania. It is the most common gull of Australia. It has been found throughout the continent, but particularly at or near coastal areas. It is smaller than the Pacific gull (Larus pacificus), which also lives in Australia.

The silver gull should not be confused with the herring gull, which is called "silver gull" in many other languages (scientific name Larus argentatus, German Silbermöwe, French Goéland argenté, Dutch zilvermeeuw), but is a much larger, robust gull with no overlap in range.
Chad Vaughn
Chad Thomas Vaughn OLY (born May 11, 1980) is an American Olympic weightlifter.

He was a member of the 2004 Olympic team in Athens, Greece, and ranked 18th in the 77 kg category, lifting a total of 320 kg.

He competed in the 85 kg category at the 2005 World Weightlifting Championships, and ranked 14th lifting a total of 335 kg.

At the 2007 World Weightlifting Championships he ranked 24th in the 77 kg category, lifting a total of 326 kg.

He qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Vaughn currently resides in San Antonio, Texas, and is coached by Richard Flemming.

OLY
OLY (/ˌoʊɛlˈwaɪ/ OH-el-WY) are post-nominal letters granted by the World Olympians Association (WOA) to registered athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games. The initiative was launched in 2017, and in 2022, post-nominal title PLY was introduced for Paralympic participants.
Apophthegmata
Apophthegmata, the plural of apophthegm (also spelled apothegm), a pithy maxim, is the abbreviated title of several collections of aphorisms, adages, maxims, or proverbs, specifically:

Apophthegmata of Delphi

Apophthegmata Laconica attributed to Plutarchus

Apophthegmata Patrum (Sayings of the [Christian Desert] Fathers)

Apophthegmata Macarii Magni

Apophthegmatum Opus of Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus

Apophthegmata, ex Probatis Graecae Latinaeque Linguae Scriptoribus of Conrad Lycosthenes (circa 1518-61)

Ars Apophthegmatica (1655-6) of Georg Philipp Harsdörffer

Der Teutschen Scharpfsinnige kluge Sprüch (1626) of Julius Wilhelm Zincgref

It may also denominate a literary genre.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Han Sang-jin (sociologist)
Han Sang-jin (Korean: 한상진; born February 1945) is a South Korean sociologist in the tradition of critical theory, known for his Joongmin theory. He is professor emeritus at the department of sociology, Seoul National University, Korea, and a distinguished visiting professor at Peking University, China. He has lectured as visiting professor at Columbia University in New York, United States, School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris, France, the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina, and Kyoto University in Japan. His major areas of interest are: social theory, political sociology, human rights and transitional justice, middle class politics, participatory risk governance, Confucianism and East Asian development.

Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies, political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.
KORPRI
The Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia, KORPRI), also known as the Indonesian Civil Servants Corps, is a state-regulated organisation of civil service employees.

Created during the New Order as a means to ensure political control of Indonesia's bureaucracy, with all public sector workers obliged to join, KORPRI also functioned as a support mechanism to Golkar, the ruling party of the period. With the emergence of political pluralism in the reformasi period of the late 1990s, KORPRI lost its status as sole organisation within the public sector with the formation of independent trade unions.  However, workers classified as civil servants are still required to be members of KORPRI.

Pluralism (political theory)
Pluralism is the political theory that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence.

Under classical pluralist theory, groups of individuals try to maximize their interests through continuous bargaining processes and conflict. Because of the consequent distribution of resources throughout a population, inequalities may be reduced. At the same time, radical political change will be met with resistance due to the existence of competing interest groups, which collectively form the basis of a democratic equilibrium.

Theorists of pluralism include Robert A. Dahl, David Truman, and Seymour Martin Lipset.
Saint-Georges, French Guiana
Saint-Georges (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɔʁʒ] ⓘ; French Guianese Creole: Senjòrj; sometimes unofficially called Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock; Portuguese: São Jorge do Oiapoque) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. It lies on the Oyapock River (which forms the border with Brazil), opposite the Brazilian town of Oiapoque. The town contains a town hall, a French Foreign Legion detachment, and some hotels (the main ones being Le Tamarin, Coz Calè and the Chez Modestine). Saint-Georges has been one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Georges since October 2022.

Subprefectures in France
In France, a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) is the commune that hosts the administrative centre of an arrondissement (a primary division of a department). The commune that hosts the administrative center for the whole department is known as the prefecture. The term "subprefecture" also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement.

The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect, assisted by a general secretary. Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by the title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic (commissaire adjoint de la République). Where the administration of an arrondissement is carried out from a prefecture, the general secretary to the prefect carries out duties equivalent to those of the subprefect.

(The municipal arrondissements of Paris, Lyon and Marseille are divisions of the commune rather than the department. They are not arrondissements in the same sense.)
Gian-Marco Crameri
Gian-Marco Crameri (born December 13, 1972) is a Swiss professional ice hockey coach who currently coaches the Switzerland women's national ice hockey team.

Crameri has participated as a member of the Swiss national team in numerous international tournaments, including the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Switzerland women's national ice hockey team
The Swiss women's national ice hockey team represents Switzerland at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.
AECOM
AECOM (/eɪ.iːˈkɒm/, ay-ee-KOM; formerly AECOM Technology Corporation) is an American multinational infrastructure consulting firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas.

The company's official name from 1990–2015 was AECOM Technology Corporation, and is now AECOM. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol ACM.

As of 2023, AECOM had approximately 51,000 employees, and was number 291 on the 2023 Fortune 500 list.

Ticker symbol
A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock or security on a particular stock exchange. Ticker symbols are arrangements of symbols or characters (generally Latin letters or digits) which provide a shorthand for investors to refer to, purchase, and research securities. Some exchanges include ticker extensions, which encode additional information such as share class, bankruptcy status, or voting rights into the ticker.

The first ticker symbol was used in 1867, following the invention of the ticker tape machine by Edward Calahan. It was used to identify shares of the Union Pacific Railroad Company.
Dou Jiaxing
Dou Jiaxing (born 29 February 2000) is a Chinese professional association football player who plays as a defender for Chinese Women's Super League side Jiangsu. Dou Jiaxing was selected for the Chinese national team squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Chinese Women's Super League
The Chinese Football Association Women's Super League (CWSL) (Chinese: 中国女足超级联赛; pinyin: zhōngguónǚzú chāojí liánsài), commonly known as the Chinese Women's Super League or the CWSL is the top level women's football league in China. It was called the Chinese Women's National Football League from 2011 to 2014.
Ray Brubaker
Ray Keith Brubaker (November 19, 1892 – May 1, 1947) was an American professional baseball player and manager. Brubaker never appeared in Major League Baseball, but was a stalwart in the minor leagues, playing for 141⁄2 seasons for the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League, and continuing as a manager at all levels of the minors.

His life and career ended at age 54 when he suffered a fatal heart attack while managing his team, the Terre Haute Phillies of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, during a league game against the Waterloo White Hawks on May 1, 1947.

Three-I League
The Three-I League,  formally known as the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, was a Class B level Minor League Baseball organization that operated for the better part of 60 seasons, with teams based in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and Wisconsin. The league began play in 1901 and disbanded after the 1961 season.

The Three-I League played from 1901 to 1961 with some interruptions due to world events: the league did not play in 1918 due to World War I and it had a break in 1933 and 1934 because of the Great Depression. After resuming play in 1935, it closed down in 1936, but reformed and had a six-year run from 1937 through 1942, before a break due to World War II. The league resumed play in 1946, lasting through 1961, where it was largely supplanted by the Midwest League. A Class B level league from 1902 throughout its lifespan, no other league survived for as long at that level.
Cyclobutadiene
Cyclobutadiene is an organic compound with the formula C4H4. It is very reactive owing to its tendency to dimerize. Although the parent compound has not been isolated, some substituted derivatives are robust and a single molecule of cyclobutadiene is quite stable. Since the compound degrades by a bimolecular process, the species can be observed by matrix isolation techniques at temperatures below 35 K. It is thought to adopt a rectangular structure.

Matrix isolation
Matrix isolation is an experimental technique used in chemistry and physics. It generally involves a material being trapped within an unreactive matrix. A host matrix is a continuous solid phase in which guest particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) are embedded. The guest is said to be isolated within the host matrix. Initially the term matrix-isolation was used to describe the placing of a chemical species in any unreactive material, often polymers or resins, but more recently has referred specifically to gases in low-temperature solids. A typical matrix isolation experiment involves a guest sample being diluted in the gas phase with the host material, usually a noble gas or nitrogen. This mixture is then deposited on a window that is cooled to below the melting point of the host gas. The sample may then be studied using various spectroscopic procedures.