hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ed Atkinson
Edward Atkinson (c. 1851 – ?) was an American professional baseball player from Baltimore, Maryland.  He played two games in right field for the 1873 Washington Blue Legs of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, and went hitless in eight at bats.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Jonorana (Carabaya-Melgar)
Jonorana (possibly from Aymara for a variety of potato of the qhini group) is a 5,553-metre-high (18,219 ft) mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District, and in the Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Jonorana lies east of Jatuncucho and southeast of Jampatune and Pomanota.

Nuñoa District
Nuñuwa District is one of nine districts of the Melgar Province in Peru. The town of Nuñoa has become a destination for tourists as they start the climb to Machu Picchu.  The growth of this local tourist industry has been stimulating changes in society, as the anthropologist Morgan Hoke has shown in a study of the impact of tourist eateries, especially pizzerias, on dairy and cheese production and on consequently on women's participation in the Nuñoa economy.
Cartwright's theorem
Cartwright's theorem is a mathematical theorem in complex analysis, discovered by the British mathematician Mary Cartwright. It gives an estimate of the maximum modulus of an analytical function when the unit disc takes the same value no more than p times.

Absolute value
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the (non-negative) magnitude of  measured without regard to its sign. Namely,  if  is a positive number, and  if  is negative (in which case negating  makes  positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.

Generalisations of the absolute value for real numbers occur in a wide variety of mathematical settings. For example, an absolute value is also defined for the complex numbers, the quaternions, ordered rings, fields and vector spaces. The absolute value is closely related to the notions of magnitude, distance, and norm in various mathematical and physical contexts.
1909 Wabash Little Giants football team
The 1909 Wabash Little Giants football team represented Wabash College as an independent during the 1909 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Jesse Harper, the Little Giants compiled a record of 3–4–1 against a schedule that included Michigan Agricultural, Purdue, and Notre Dame.

1909 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1909 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) as an independent during the 1909 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Chester Brewer, the Aggies compiled an 8–1 record, shut out eight opponents, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 291 to 17.
Rumford Mill
Rumford Mill is a pulp mill and paper mill located in the United States town of Rumford, Maine. The mill has two kraft pulp lines and three paper machines. The mill produces 460,000 tonnes of kraft pulp and 565,000 tonnes of paper annually. The mill has 621 employees as of 2016. Now owned by ND Paper LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nine Dragons Paper Holdings Limited, the mill is now known as ND Paper–Rumford Mill.

Pulp mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods. The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers without depolymerizing the cellulose fibers.

The earliest known methods for preparing pulp for paper making were water-powered, in 8th-century Samarkand, Abbasid Caliphate. Fibre source must be prepared before milling, which may occur in mechanical pulp mills, chemical pulp mills, or chemi-mechanical pulp mills.
Principi d'Acaja (Turin Metro)
Principi d'Acaja is a Turin Metro station, located in Corso Francia near Via Principi d'Acaja. The station was opened on 4 February 2006 as part of the inaugural section of Turin Metro, between Fermi and XVIII Dicembre.

The platforms feature decals by Ugo Nespolo depicting various coat of arms used by the Savoia-Acaia family.

Turin Metro
The Turin Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Torino) is the modern driverless VAL rapid transit system serving Turin. It is operated by Gruppo Torinese Trasporti (GTT), a public company controlled by the municipality of Turin. The system comprises one 15.1-kilometre (9 mi 31 ch) line with 23 stations connecting Fermi station in Collegno with Piazza Bengasi in Turin, near the border with the municipality of Moncalieri.
Polymer-bonded explosive
Polymer-bonded explosives, also called PBX or plastic-bonded explosives, are explosive materials in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix using small quantities (typically 5–10% by weight) of a synthetic polymer. PBXs are normally used for explosive materials that are not easily melted into a casting, or are otherwise difficult to form.

PBX was first developed in 1952 at Los Alamos National Laboratory, as RDX embedded in polystyrene with diisooctyl phthalate (DEHP) plasticizer. HMX compositions with teflon-based binders were developed in 1960s and 1970s for gun shells and for Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) seismic experiments, although the latter experiments are usually cited as using hexanitrostilbene (HNS).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, DEHP; incorrectly — dioctyl phthalate, DIOP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. DEHP is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers. It is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol. This colorless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water.
Cladonia mitis
Cladonia mitis is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1918 by German lichenologist Heinrich Sandstede. It has previously been classified in genus Cladina before molecular phylogenetic studies showed this to be a part of Cladonia. Cladonia mitis is morphologically quite similar to Cladonia arbuscula, and some authors have considered it to be a variety or subspecies of the latter. They differ mainly in the production of secondary compounds: Cladonia mitis produces chemicals in the rangiformic acid complex, which C. arbuscula does not.

Heinrich Sandstede
Johann Heinrich Sandstede (10 March 1859 – 5 March 1951) was a German lichenologist and local historian who contributed to the study of lichens, particularly the genus Cladonia. Born in Bad Zwischenahn, Oldenburg, Sandstede initially worked as a baker before dedicating his career to botany and lichenology. He published extensive research on the lichen funga of Northwest Germany and the Frisian Islands, including a notable work on Cladonia in the Rabenhorst series. Sandstede's contributions to lichenology earned him recognition from scientific societies and an honorary doctorate from the University of Münster. Beyond his scientific work, he was active in preserving local history and folklore, contributing to the founding of the Freiland Museum and publishing on regional customs. Sandstede's dual interests in lichenology and local culture made him a significant figure in both scientific and cultural spheres of early 20th-century Germany.
1902 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election
The Southern Rhodesia Legislative Council election of March 17, 1902 was the second election to the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia. No change was made in the administration of the elections compared with the first elections three years previously, so the Legislative Council continued to comprise ten voting members: the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia ex officio, five members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and four members elected by registered voters from two electoral districts. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Sir Marshal James Clarke, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.

Administrative posts of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia
The British South Africa Company appointed a variety of officials to govern Southern Rhodesia (called Zimbabwe since 1980) between 1890 and 1923. The most prominent of these were the Administrator and the Chief Magistrate, the first of which was in effect the head of government during this time. As such, he held a seat on the Legislative Council of Southern Rhodesia ex officio.

The post of Administrator was officially created by section 8 of the Southern Rhodesia Order in Council of 1894, but in practice had existed as a deputy to the Chief Magistrate, who was the principal officer from 1890. The term of office was theoretically three years, though it was common to reappoint incumbents. There was, in addition, an Acting Administrator, who was a deputy.

The Administrator office became defunct when Southern Rhodesia received responsible government within the British Empire in October 1923. It was replaced by the post of Premier, which was renamed Prime Minister in 1933.
Para powerlifting at the Commonwealth Games
Para powerlifting is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 2002 (with core sport status through 2022), though it was initially held as part of the weightlifting competitions; in contrast to other parasports, it is categorised separately since the able-bodied equivalent is not a Games sport.

The sport made its debut as a single openweight competition for men in 2002; a women's openweight competition followed in 2010, and each gender has contested 2 weight classes since 2014. Nigeria has been the dominant nation in this sport, winning every single gold medal across five Games (and all medals awarded at Delhi 2010).

Paralympic powerlifting
Paralympic powerlifting, also known as para powerlifting and para-lifting, is an adaptation of the sport of powerlifting for athletes with disabilities. The only discipline in Paralympic powerlifting is the bench press. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (World Para Powerlifting) and is open to anyone with a minimum level of disability who can extend their arms within 20° of full extension during a lift. Powerlifting has been competed at the Summer Paralympics since 1984.
Ufa constituency
The Ufa constituency (No.3) is a Russian legislative constituency in Bashkortostan. The constituency covers parts of Ufa, its suburbs and exurbs to the south and west. The present day Ufa constituency was created in 2015 after combining old Kirovsky and Sovetsky constituencies.

The constituency has been vacant since May 5, 2025, following the death of three-term United Russia deputy Pavel Kachkayev.

Karmaskalinsky District
Karmaskalinsky District (Russian: Кармаскали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡырмыҫҡалы районы, Qırmıśqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Ufimsky and Iglinsky Districts in the north, Arkhangelsky District in the east, Gafuriysky District in the southeast, Aurgazinsky District in the south, Davlekanovsky District in the southwest, and with Chishminsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,750 square kilometers (680 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karmaskaly. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 51,504, with the population of Karmaskaly accounting for 16.6% of that number.
Listed buildings in Annesley
Annesley is a civil parish in the Ashfield District of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Annesley and the surrounding area.  All the listed buildings are outside the village itself, and most are centred round the Ruins of Annesley Old Church and the ruined Annesley Hall, which are both listed together with associated structures.  The active All Saints' Church, to the north of this area, is also listed.

Ashfield District
Ashfield (/ˈæʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. The council is based in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, but the largest town is neighbouring Sutton-in-Ashfield. The district also contains the town of Hucknall and a few villages. The district is mostly urban, with some of its settlements forming parts of both the Nottingham and Mansfield Urban Areas.

The neighbouring districts are Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, Gedling, Nottingham, Broxtowe, Amber Valley and Bolsover.
Telephassa
Telephassa (/ˌtɛlɪˈfæsə/; Ancient Greek: Τηλέφασσα, Tēléphassa, "far-shining"), also spelled Telephaassa (/ˌtɛlɪfiˈæsə/; Τηλεφάασσα) and Telephe (/ˈtɛlɪfiː/; Τηλέφη), is a lunar epithet in Greek mythology that is sometimes substituted for Argiope the wife of Agenor, according to his name a "leader of men" in Phoenicia, and mother of Cadmus.

Libya (daughter of Epaphus)
Libya  (Ancient Greek: Λιβύη, romanized: Libýē) is the daughter of Epaphus, King of Egypt, in both Greek and Roman mythology. She personified the land of Ancient Libya in North Africa, and was considered by the Greeks to be the origin of the name of what is now Libya.
Oulad Aamer Tizmarine
Oulad Aamer Tizmarine is a small town and rural commune in Rehamna Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5382 people living in 856 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Sunil K. Pandya
Sunil K. Pandya (1940 - 17 December 2024) was an Indian neurosurgeon, ethicist, and medical historian, known for being the head of the Department of Neurosurgery at King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM) and Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, and founding the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Onision
James Jackson (born Gregory James Daniel; November 11, 1985), known professionally by his online alias Onision (/oʊˈnisiɒn/ oh-NEE-see-on), is an American YouTuber. His primary YouTube channel, "Onision", featured sketches and satirical clips; videos posted to his other channels focus on personal stories covering controversial topics as well as discussion with his viewers. As of July 2025, Jackson's main channel has received just under 2 million subscribers and over 290 million video views. A music video titled "Banana Song (I'm a Banana)", written and performed by Jackson, is his most-viewed video; as of November 2025, it had garnered over 96 million views.

His activity both online and offline has attracted controversy and criticism from online media outlets and viewers alike, leading to event and platform bans, as well as the demonetization of his content on YouTube. Jackson has also been the subject of various allegations of abuse, sexual grooming of minors, and rape.

The Daily Dot
The Daily Dot is a digital media company covering the culture of the Internet and the World Wide Web. It was founded by Nicholas White in 2011, and is headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The site, conceived as the Internet's "hometown newspaper", focuses on topics such as streaming entertainment, geek culture, memes, gadgets and social issues, such as LGBT, gender and race. In addition, an e-commerce arm produces branded video for advertisers and sells items from an online marketplace.
Novosvitlivka, Luhansk Oblast
Novosvitlivka (Ukrainian: Новосві́тлівка; Russian: Новосветловка, Novosvetlovka) is a rural settlement in Molodohvardiisk urban hromada, Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. The settlement is on the main Luhansk–Krasnodon highway, between Khryashchuvate and Izvaryne. Population: 3,648 (2022 estimate), 3,711 (2013 est.).

Since 2014, Krasnodon Raion, including Novosvitlivka, has been controlled by forces of the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR / LNR).
Following the 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, Russia has claimed the settlement as part of their LNR / LPR.

Luhansk Raion
Luhansk Raion (Ukrainian: Луганський район; Russian: Луганский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of a reformation of Ukraine's administrative divisions. The center of the raion is in the city of Luhansk. Population: 527,367 (2022 estimate). However the territory of the raion has been controlled since its creation by the pro-Russian Luhansk People's Republic, who continue to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine which only makes the Raion de-jure.
Edward H. Deets
Edward H. "Ned" Deets III is a retired Rear Admiral (upper half) in the United States Navy. A cryptology and information warfare specialist, Deets was the senior Information Warfare Officer (IWO) in the Navy before his retirement.

Defense Meritorious Service Medal
The Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM) is an award bestowed upon members of the United States military by the United States Department of Defense. In the order of precedence of the United States Armed Forces, it is worn between the Purple Heart and the Meritorious Service Medal. The medal is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces who, while serving in a joint activity, distinguish themselves by meritorious service, but not of a degree to warrant award of the Defense Superior Service Medal.

The medal is not the same as the Meritorious Service Medal, which is a separate federal military decoration. Both have virtually identical award criteria, but the DMSM is awarded to service members assigned to joint, multi-service organizations, while the MSM is awarded to service members in traditional military units within their respective individual services.
Deborah Boyle
Deborah Boyle is an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at the College of Charleston.
She is known for her work on early modern philosophy and has been the editor of the Journal of the History of Philosophy since July 2020. She was an APA fellow from February to April 2021. She is the program chair for the 2026 APA Eastern Division meeting.

Journal of the History of Philosophy
The Journal of the History of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1963 after the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association passed a motion to this effect in 1957. The journal is published by the Johns Hopkins University Press and covers the history of Western philosophy. Time periods covered include everything from the ancient period to modern developments in the study of philosophy. The editor-in-chief is Deborah Boyle (College of Charleston).
Harmonic polynomial
In mathematics, a polynomial  whose Laplacian is zero is termed a harmonic polynomial.

The harmonic polynomials form a subspace of the vector space of polynomials over the given field. In fact, they form a graded subspace. For the real field (), the harmonic polynomials are important in mathematical physics.

The Laplacian is the sum of second-order partial derivatives with respect to each of the variables, and is an invariant differential operator under the action of the orthogonal group via the group of rotations.

The standard separation of variables theorem  states that every multivariate polynomial over a field can be decomposed as a finite sum of products of a radial polynomial and a harmonic polynomial. This is equivalent to the statement that the polynomial ring is a free module over the ring of radial polynomials.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
A Man's Reach
A Man's Reach is an autobiography by Elmer Andersen, the former governor of Minnesota, published by the University of Minnesota Press in 2000.

“Andersen’s story is the Horatio Alger myth made real, but his life is about much more than money and politics. He believes in public service, in democracy, and in striving to meet the needs of all citizens, especially those in the worst circumstances. Andersen’s strong faith and values resonate from the first page of this autobiography. His writing is honest, personable, straightforward, portraying both the personal rigor and thoughtfulness of his business and newspaper careers.” —St. Paul Pioneer Press

"A Man's Reach is a book that warms the heart and should inspire any reader to be a better person. It's also the detailed account of the life of a very successful businessman, politician, and most important, a great humanitarian. . . . It's simply but forcefully told, it's shrewd, and it's quietly humorous and warm." —Dave Wood's Book Report

University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota. It had annual revenues of just over $8 million in fiscal year 2018.

Founded in 1925, the University of Minnesota Press is best known for its books in social theory and cultural theory, critical theory, race and ethnic studies, urbanism, feminist criticism, and media studies.

The University of Minnesota Press also publishes a significant number of translations of major works of European and Latin American thought and scholarship, as well as a diverse list of works on the cultural and natural heritage of the state and the upper Midwest region.
Leo Carter
Leo James Carter (born 10 December 1994) is a New Zealand cricketer who plays for Otago. He is the son of former Canterbury and Northamptonshire batsman, and former New Zealand women's national cricket team coach, Bob Carter.

Carter played for Canterbury for ten seasons, scoring 2,686 first-class runs, 1,238 List A runs and 999 Twenty20 runs, leaving the province as the team's eighth highest Twenty20 run scorer.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.