hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laser scanning
Laser scanning is governed by the LiDAR technology and is defined as the controlled deflection of laser beams, visible or invisible. 
Scanned laser beams are used in some 3-D printers, in rapid prototyping,  in machines for material processing, in laser engraving machines, in ophthalmological laser systems for the treatment of presbyopia, in confocal microscopy, in laser printers, in laser shows, in Laser TV, and in barcode scanners.
Applications specific to mapping and 3D object reconstruction are known as 3D laser scanner.

Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.

Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of field.
D-Fructose-L-histidine
d-Fructose-l-histidine (FruHis) is a ketosamine combining the d-isomer of fructose and the l-isomer of histidine into a functional group. FruHis is present in dried fruits. In interaction with lycopene, FruHis is a potential food related antioxidant and chemopreventive agent, found abundantly in dried tomatoes.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Trimbach railway station
Trimbach railway station (German: Bahnhof Trimbach) is a railway station in the municipality of Trimbach, in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. It is an intermediate stop on the summit branch of the Hauenstein line and is served by local trains only.

Hauenstein Railway
The Hauenstein Railway is a major railway line in Switzerland connecting the cities of Basel and Olten.

The original line was built between 1853 and 1858 under the Unterer Hauenstein Pass, an ancient pass through the Jura Mountains, including a 2,495 m (8,186 ft) long tunnel under the village of Hauenstein. Between 1912 and 1916 a new line with an 8,134 m (5.054 mi) long base tunnel was built further east, by-passing the steeper sections of the line.

Normally long-distance trains use the base tunnel line, and the old summit line is only used by trains serving the local people (Läufelfingerli). Sometimes during disruptions inter-city trains operate on the old line, but it is reasonably fast and diverted trains take only about four minutes longer than normal services. Freight trains rarely use the summit line because of its large gradients.
Frank M. Gibson
Frank M. Gibson (born 1916 or 1917, date of death unknown) was a Canadian businessman who was a member of a group of businessmen who pushed for the merging of the Hamilton Wildcats and Hamilton Tigers football clubs to form the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 1950. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame as a builder in 1996. The CFL's Frank M. Gibson Trophy for Outstanding Rookie in the Eastern Division is named in his honour. Gibson also served as secretary-treasurer for the CFL's East Division from 1962 to 1980 and was an administrative consultant with the Tiger-Cats until 1983. He also served in the capacity of treasurer, and later secretary-treasurer, as well as on the board of governors of the Tiger-Cats. In 1959 he played a role in investigating the possibility of an interlocking schedule for the CFL's two divisions, which would be implemented in 1960. In 1996, he was living in Ancaster, Ontario.

Hamilton Tigers
The Hamilton Tigers were a professional ice hockey team based in Hamilton, Ontario, that competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1920 to 1925. The Tigers were formed by the sale of the Quebec Bulldogs NHL franchise to Hamilton interests. After years of struggling, the franchise finished first in the league in the 1924–25 NHL season, but a players' strike before the playoffs resulted in the franchise's dissolution. The players' contracts were sold to New York City interests to stock the expansion New York Americans. A namesake amateur team existed prior to and during the NHL team's existence, and a minor league professional team named the Hamilton Tigers existed from 1926 to 1930.
Unbreakable Tour (Westlife concert tour)
The Unbreakable Tour was the third concert tour by Irish pop band Westlife seen by 700,000 fans making £14,000,000 which covered the UK and Europe in 2003. There were 62 tour dates, including a few outside concerts including their coming home concerts in their home towns of Dublin and Sligo. This tour was the band's biggest production to date and featured a futuristic sci-fi stage complete with Andy Warhol inspired pop art projections, Las Vegas-style neon signs and the latest in intelligent lighting technology which cost £7 million. This was Brian McFadden's last concert tour as a member of the group.The band was supported by up and coming boyband FY8

Sligo
Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/; Irish: Sligeach [ˈʃl̠ʲɪɟəx]; lit. 'abounding in shells') is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of 20,608 in 2022, it is the county's largest urban centre (constituting 29.5% of the county's population) and the 24th largest in the Republic of Ireland.

Sligo is a commercial and cultural centre situated on the west coast of Ireland. Its surrounding coast and countryside, as well as its connections to the poet W. B. Yeats, have made it a tourist destination.
Jon Leuer
Jon Leuer (born May 14, 1989) is an American former professional basketball player. He was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 40th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. During his National Basketball Association (NBA) career, he also played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Memphis Grizzlies, Phoenix Suns and Detroit Pistons.

Yahoo Sports
Yahoo! Sports is a sports news website launched by Yahoo! on December 8, 1997. It receives a majority of its information from Stats Perform.  It employs numerous writers, and has team pages for teams in almost every North American major sport. Before the launch of Yahoo Sports, certain elements of the site were known as Yahoo! Scoreboard.

From 2011 to 2016, the Yahoo Sports brand had also been used for a US sports radio network. That network is now known as SportsMap.
Jody Margolin Hahn
Jody Margolin Hahn (née Margolin) is an American television director.

She is best known for her work in comedies, having directed episodes for shows including Malcolm & Eddie, Hannah Montana, The Return of Jezebel James, Rita Rocks, Wizards of Waverly Place, Lab Rats, Mighty Med, The Fresh Beat Band, Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn, Bella and the Bulldogs, Dog with a Blog, Liv and Maddie, I Didn't Do It, Bizaardvark, Bunk'd, Coop & Cami Ask the World, Sydney to the Max, Pretty Freekin Scary, Knight Squad, Side Hustle, Erin & Aaron, Cousins for Life, That Girl Lay Lay, The Thundermans, The Villains of Valley View, Wizards Beyond Waverly Place, Electric Bloom, Vampirina: Teenage Vampire, The Conners, Lopez vs Lopez, and See Dad Run. Prior to television directing, Hahn worked as an associate director, production associate, script supervisor, and technical coordinator on the sitcoms Gimme a Break!, Roseanne, The Nanny and Accidentally on Purpose.

Vampirina: Teenage Vampire
Vampirina: Teenage Vampire is an American musical comedy television series developed by Randi Barnes. The series is based on the Disney Jr. series Vampirina, which in turn is adapted from the Vampirina Ballerina books by Anne Marie Pace. It premiered on Disney Channel on September 12, 2025, with all episodes of the first season released on Disney+ in the United States on October 15, 2025. The series stars Kenzi Richardson, Jiwon Lee, Shaun Dixon, Milo Maharlika, and Faith Hedley.
Gatineau (federal electoral district)
Gatineau (French pronunciation: [ɡatino]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, represented in the House of Commons of Canada from since 1949. Between 1987 and 1996, it was known as "Gatineau—La Lièvre".

It consists of part of the former city of Gatineau, Quebec as defined by its pre-2002 boundaries.

The adjacent ridings are Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation, Hull—Aylmer, Pontiac—Kitigan Zibi, Orléans, and Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester.

Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester
Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester (formerly known as Ottawa—Vanier and Ottawa East) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Previous to that date, it was part of the Ottawa electoral district that returned two members.

The riding, with a large Franco-Ontarian population in Vanier, is one of the most solidly Liberal in the country, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since its creation. In fact, the previous electoral district which comprises most of the constituency, Russell, had been solidly Liberal since 1887. The riding is home to many civil servants.
Order of Merit (Waldeck and Pyrmont)
The Order of Merit (Verdienstorden) was an Order of merit founded by George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont on the 3rd of July 1857 and was expanded between 1871 and 1899 by Georg Victor and his successor Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont.

Order of merit
An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of chivalric orders during the Middle Ages.

Orders of merit may be bestowed as official awards by states, or as dynastic orders by royal families. In the case of modern republics, an order of merit may constitute the highest award conferred by the state authority.
CAFE Foundation
The CAFE Foundation is a U.S. non-profit aviation development and flight test organization based in Windsor, California. CAFE was an acronym for "Competition in Aircraft Flight Efficiency" and became later "Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency."  The organization promotes experimental aviation activities which promote the development of highly efficient aircraft.  It is sponsored by many organizations including Boeing Phantom Works, NASA, EAA, AOPA, Glasair Aviation, among others; and funding is also obtained through an FAA grant.

Boeing Phantom Works
Boeing Phantom Works is the advanced prototyping arm of the defense and security side of Boeing. Its primary focus is developing advanced military products and technologies, many of them highly classified.

Founded by McDonnell Douglas, the research and development group continued after Boeing acquired the company. Its logo is similar to one used for the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom fighter.
Sheregesh
Sheregesh (Russian: Шерегеш, Shor: Шерегеш, romanized: Şeregeş) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Tashtagolsky District of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. Population:  10,173 (2010 Census); 10,371 (2002 Census); 9,553 (1989 Soviet census). Postal code: 652971. The main ethnic groups are Russians and Shors.

Tashtagolsky District
Tashtagolsky District (Russian: Таштаго́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Tashtagolsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 11,383 square kilometers (4,395 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Tashtagol (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 31,895 (2010 Census); 34,545 (2002 Census); 37,816 (1989 Soviet census).
Dorothy Otnow Lewis
Dorothy Otnow Lewis is an American psychiatrist and author who has been an expert witness at a number of high-profile cases.

She specializes in the study of violent individuals and people with dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder. Lewis has worked with death row inmates as well as other prison inmates convicted for crimes of passion and violence, and was the director of the DID clinic at Bellevue Hospital, associated with New York University in New York City. She is a professor of psychiatry at Yale and New York University and is the author of Guilty by Reason of Insanity, a book she wrote based on research done in collaboration with neurologist Jonathan Pincus.

Expert witness
An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert. The judge may consider the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about evidence or about facts before the court within the expert's area of expertise, to be referred to as an "expert opinion". Expert witnesses may also deliver "expert evidence" within the area of their expertise. Their testimony may be rebutted by testimony from other experts or by other evidence or facts.
Renée de Montmort
Renée Lydie Charlotte Marguerite Loppin de Montmort (2 August 1881, Paris – 30 November 1960, La Haye-Malherbe, Eure), was the founder of social works and the international curator of Guides de France.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
Internet Communications Engine
The Internet Communications Engine, or Ice, is an open-source RPC framework developed by ZeroC. It provides SDKs for C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, MATLAB, Objective-C, PHP, Python, Ruby and Swift, and can run on various operating systems, including Linux, Windows, macOS, iOS and Android.

Ice implements a proprietary application layer communications protocol, called the Ice protocol, that can run over TCP, TLS, UDP, WebSocket and Bluetooth. As its name indicates, Ice can be suitable for applications that communicate over the Internet, and includes functionality for traversing  firewalls.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Joseph W. Fordney
Joseph Warren Fordney (November 5, 1853 – January 8, 1932) was an American Republican politician from Saginaw, Michigan. He represented Saginaw County and the surrounding area of Central Michigan in the U.S. House of Representatives for twenty-four years.

Saginaw County, Michigan
Saginaw County (SAG-ə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 190,124. The county seat is Saginaw. The county was created by September 10, 1822, and was fully organized on February 9, 1835. The etymology of the county's name is uncertain. It may be derived from Sace-nong or Sak-e-nong (English: Sauk land), as the Sauk (French: Sac) tribe is believed by some to have once lived there. A more likely possibility is that it comes from Ojibwe words meaning "place of the outlet" –sag (English: an opening) and ong (English: place of). See List of Michigan county name etymologies.

Saginaw County comprises the Saginaw, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Saginaw-Midland-Bay City Combined Statistical Area, the 5th largest metropolitan area in Michigan.
Kappa Ebisen
Kappa Ebisen (かっぱえびせん) is a Japanese snack food produced by Calbee of Japan in Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima.

The primary ingredients of Kappa Ebisen are wheat flour, vegetable oil, starch, shrimp, sugar, salt, baking powder, amino acid and sweetening.

Hatsukaichi
Hatsukaichi (廿日市市, Hatsukaichi-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 116,087 in 53,320 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 489.48 square kilometres (188.99 sq mi).
Boxing at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games
Boxing at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games was held from October 24 to October 31, 2003 at two stadia - GMC Balayogi Athletic Stadium and Gachibowli Indoor Stadium. Medals were awarded in eleven events, with each medal corresponding to a certain weight division ranging from Light Fly weight to Super Heavy weight.

The boxing program was almost exactly the same as that of the 2008 Summer Olympics. The events were all-male, and there were two bronze medalists for each weight category. Thus, a total of 44 medals were awarded.

Uzbekistan turned out to be the boxing powerhouse, as it swept five of the eleven gold medals. However, the host nation - India - got the maximum number of medals in total - 10 out of 44.

G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium
G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium is an indoor arena located in Hyderabad, India. It holds 5,000 people. It is located in the Gachibowli suburb. The stadium was built in 2002 headed by N. Chandrababu Naidu Government to host the 2003 Afro-Asian games. The indoor stadium is located beside the Hyderabad International Institute of Information Technology, near the general area of G.M.C Balayogi Athletic Stadium.
Yangi Oʻzbekiston
Yangi Oʻzbekiston (Uzbek: Yangi Oʻzbekiston bogʻi / Янги Ўзбекистон боғи) is a major park in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.  One of the largest parks in the country, it was established on occasion of the 30th anniversary of Uzbekistan's independence. The park was originally built on a 104 hectare territory in Qibray District of Tashkent Region, which is adjacent to Tashkent City. Once the park was completed, it became part of the Mirzo Ulugbek District of Tashkent, thereby increasing the area of the city.

Yangi Oʻzbekiston was opened on August 31, 2021. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev attended and delivered the keynote speech at the opening ceremony. Following the completion of the park in Tashkent, several more parks also called Yangi Oʻzbekiston have been created in other cities across Uzbekistan.

Independence Day (Uzbekistan)
Independence Day (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligi kuni) is an official national holiday in Uzbekistan, celebrated on the first of September. fireworks, concerts, competitions, military parades, and wreath laying ceremonies are held in Tashkent during the independence day celebrations.
River Landscape (Salomon van Ruysdael)
River Landscape is a 1642 landscape painting by the Dutch artist Salomon van Ruysdael. It is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory numbers is 277.

The painting was bought in 1892 by Wilhelm von Bode from the London art dealer Martin Colnaghi and entered the Strasbourg collection the following year. The work is signed and dated, but the date has sometimes been misread as "1622" instead of "1642". Most of the surface of River Landscape is covered by a friendly sky. The landscape below is bustling with life: fishermen, huntsmen, ducks, and drinking cattle. The castle in the background has been identified as Muiden Castle, and the river as the Vecht. Muiden Castle was a center of Dutch cultural life at this time (Muiderkring).

Muiden Castle
Muiden Castle (Dutch: Muiderslot, Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmœydərˈslɔt]) is a castle in the Netherlands, located at the mouth of the Vecht river, some 15 kilometers southeast of Amsterdam, in Muiden, where it flows into what used to be the Zuiderzee. It is one of the better known castles in the Netherlands and featured in many television shows set in the Middle Ages.
Right of access to personal data
The right of access, also referred to as right to access and (data) subject access, is one of the most fundamental rights in data protection laws around the world. For instance, the United States, Singapore, Brazil, and countries in Europe have all developed laws that regulate access to personal data as privacy protection. The European Union states that: "The right of access occupies a central role in EU data protection law's arsenal of data subject empowerment measures." This right is often implemented as a Subject Access Request (SAR) or Data Subject Access Request (DSAR).

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Benford
Benford is an English surname of unknown origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Benford (born 2000), American football player

Frank Benford, American scientist who gives his name to:
Benford's law, which holds that in large sets of data, individual numbers are more likely to start with lower digits

Gregory Benford, American science fiction author and astrophysicist

Tommy Benford, American jazz drummer

Fictional characters:

Mark Benford, main character of the TV series FlashForward

Christian Benford
Christian Benford (born September 21, 2000) is an American professional football cornerback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Villanova Wildcats.