hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Birch (philosopher)
Jonathan Birch is a British philosopher. He is professor of philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Birch's work addresses the philosophy of biology and behavioural sciences, especially questions concerning sentience, bioethics, animal welfare, and the evolution of social behaviour and social norms.

In 2017, he published the book The Philosophy of Social Evolution, which explores social behaviour in everything from microorganisms to humans and higher primates. In 2021, he was the Principal Investigator of a review that led the UK to recognize cephalopods and decapod crustaceans as sentient. In 2024, he published the book The Edge of Sentience, which examines the concept of sentience, whether artificial intelligence or animals like insects may be sentient, and how to handle the uncertainty.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Lent Bumps 2014
The Lent Bumps 2014 was a series of rowing races at Cambridge University from Tuesday 25 February 2014 to Saturday 1 March 2014. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 127th set of races in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races. 103 crews took part (57 men's crews and 46 women's crews), with nearly 950 participants in total.

First and Third Trinity Boat Club
The First and Third Trinity Boat Club is the rowing club of Trinity College in Cambridge, England. The club formally came into existence in 1946 when the First Trinity Boat Club and the Third Trinity Boat Club merged, although the two clubs had been rowing together for several years before that date. The first boat club associated with Trinity was formed in 1825 and came to be known as First Trinity in 1833 when the Third Trinity Boat Club was formed (a Second Trinity Boat Club was formed in 1831 but did not have a continuous existence until 1840). Membership of Third Trinity was originally confined to Old Etonians and Old Westminsters. Members of Third Trinity were allowed also to be members of First or Second Trinity and often were.

The boat club also gives its name to Trinity College's May Ball, which is the oldest such event in Cambridge and originates from the club's celebrations after the victories in the May Bumps.
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Adriana Lima, Alessandra Ambrosio, Lily Aldridge, Lais Ribeiro, Elsa Hosk, Jasmine Tookes, Sara Sampaio, Martha Hunt, Taylor Hill, Stella Maxwell, Romee Strijd, and Josephine Skriver. Behati Prinsloo and Candice Swanepoel both missed this year's show due to their pregnancies. The show also featured PINK spokesmodels Rachel Hilbert, Zuri Tibby and Grace Elizabeth.

The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016 was recorded in Paris, France at the Grand Palais. The show featured musical performances by Lady Gaga, The Weeknd, and Bruno Mars. Angel Jasmine Tookes was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Bright Night Fantasy Bra worth $3,000,000.

Taylor Hill (model)
Taylor Marie Hill (born March 5, 1996) is an American model. A former Victoria's Secret Angel, she appeared in the brand's annual fashion show from 2014 to 2018. She has worked for brands including Ralph Lauren, Michael Kors, and Carolina Herrera. She has also appeared in magazines such as Vogue, Elle, and Harper's Bazaar.
Team USA Scholarship
The Team USA Scholarship is a scholarship program which allows young American racecar drivers to compete outside of the United States.  Each year, a competition is used to select the best young racecar drivers in the United States, then they are entered in highly competitive automobile racing events in an international racing environment (typically in Europe).

Snetterton Circuit
Snetterton Circuit is a motor racing course in Norfolk, England, originally opened in 1953. Owned by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation since 2004, it is situated on the A11 road 12-mile (19 km) north-east of the town of Thetford and 19-mile (31 km) south-west of the city of Norwich. The circuit is named after the nearby village of Snetterton to the north-west of the circuit, although much of the circuit lies in the adjoining civil parish of Quidenham.

The circuit hosts races from series including the British Touring Car Championship, British Formula Three Championship and British Superbike Championship. From 1980 to 1994, the track hosted the UK's first 24-hour race, the Willhire 24 Hour. From 2003 to 2013 the Citroën 2CV 24 Hour Race was held at Snetterton on the 200 Circuit. After a short stint racing at Anglesey the 2CV 24Hr race has again returned to Snetterton and is usually held around the August bank holiday weekend.
Katsiaryna Paplauskaya
Katsiaryna Paplauskaya (Belarusian: Кацярына Паплаўская; born 7 May 1987) is a Belarusian athlete who competes in the 100 metres hurdles with a personal best time of 12.88 seconds (set in Lapinlahti in 2016).

Paplauskaya won the bronze medal at the 2012 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki. She has competed at 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics.

100 metres hurdles
The 100 metres hurdles, or 100-meter hurdles, is a track and field event run mainly by women (the male counterpart is the 110 metres hurdles). For the race, ten hurdles of a height of 83.8 centimetres (33 in) are placed along a straight course of 100 metres (109.36 yd). The first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13 metres from the starting line. The next 9 hurdles are set at a distance of 8.5 metres from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 10.5 metres long. The hurdles are set up so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner, but weighted so this is disadvantageous. Fallen hurdles do not count against runners provided that they do not run into them on purpose. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 100 m hurdles begins with athletes in starting blocks.

The fastest 100 m hurdlers run the distance in well under 13 seconds. The world record set by Tobi Amusan stands at 12.12 seconds.
Sami Blood
Sami Blood  (Swedish: Sameblod) is a 2016 Swedish coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Amanda Kernell, as her feature film debut. The first 10 minutes of the film (and part of the end) comes directly from the short film Stoerre Vaerie (2015, dir. Amanda Kernell). Stoerre Vaerie is Kernell's first film with Sami themes and it was nominated for the Short Film Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival, Park City, Utah, United States.

The film is set in Sweden in the 1930s and concerns a 14-year-old girl who experiences prejudice at a nomad school for Sami children, and decides to escape her town and disavow her Sami heritage. Parts of the story are inspired by Kernell's own grandmother.

The film premiered at the 73rd edition of the Venice Film Festival  in the Venice Days section, in which it was awarded the Europa Cinemas Label Award and the Fedeora Award for Best Debut Director. It won the 2017 Lux Prize and was nominated for the 2017 Nordic Council Film Prize.

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Valea Chioarului
Valea Chioarului (Hungarian: Kővárgara) is a commune in Maramureș County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Curtuiușu Mare (Nagykörtvélyes), Durușa (Durusa), Fericea (Szamosfericse), Mesteacăn (Kisnyíres), Valea Chioarului, and Vărai (Kőváralja).

The commune is located in the southwestern part of Maramureș County, 34 km (21 mi) from the county seat, Baia Mare, on the border with Sălaj County. It lies at an altitude of about 300 m (980 ft), on the banks of the river Bârsău.

Valea Chioarului is crossed by national road DN1C (part of European route E58), which runs from Cluj-Napoca north towards Baia Mare and the Ukrainian border at Halmeu.

Halmeu
Halmeu (Hungarian: Halmi, pronounced [ˈhɒlmi]; Yiddish: האַַלמין) is a commune of 4,276 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Băbești (Kisbábony), Dobolț (Dabolc), Halmeu, Halmeu-Vii (Halmihegy), and Mesteacăn (Nyírestanya). The commune included two other villages until 2005, when they were split off to form Porumbești Commune.
Avilov (rural locality)
Avilov (Russian: Авилов) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Avilov, Konstantinovsky District, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Avilovskoye Rural Settlement of Konstantinovsky District in Rostov Oblast

Avilov, Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky District, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Rodionovo-Nesvetayskoye Rural Settlement of Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky District in Rostov Oblast

Avilov, Volgograd Oblast, a khutor in Avilovsky Selsoviet of Ilovlinsky District in Volgograd Oblast

Avilov, Volgograd Oblast
Avilov (Russian: Авилов) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Avilovskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 724 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.
Apple dumpling
An apple dumpling is a baked or boiled pastry-wrapped apple. To prepare apple dumplings, apples are peeled, cored and sometimes quartered and placed on a portion of dough. The hole from the core may be filled with cinnamon, butter and sugar and sometimes dried fruit such as raisins, sultanas, or currants. The dough is folded over the apples and sealed. Sometimes, a spiced sauce is poured over the dumplings which are then baked until tender; the sugar and butter create a sweet sauce. Apple dumplings can be served hot, cold, or room temperature for breakfast, dessert, or as a main dish.

Pastry
Pastry is various doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), and the sweet and savoury baked goods made with them. The dough may be called pastry dough. Sweetened pastries are often described as baker's confectionery. Common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, croissants, and turnovers.

The French word pâtisserie is also used in English (with or without the accent) for many of the same foods, as well as the set of techniques used to make them. Originally, the French word pastisserie referred to anything, such as a meat pie, made in dough (paste, later pâte) and not typically a luxurious or sweet product. This meaning still persisted in the nineteenth century, though by then the term more often referred to the sweet and often ornate confections implied today.
Diocese of Nakhon Sawan
The Diocese of Nakhon Sawan (Dioecesis Nakhonsauanensis, Thai: สังฆมณฑลนครสวรรค์) in central Thailand is a Latin Catholic suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bangkok.

The diocese covers an area of 93,547 km2, covering 13 provinces - Chainat, Kamphaeng Phet, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Saraburi, Sukhothai, Tak, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit.

As of 2001, of the 8.2 million citizens, 9,237 are Catholics. It is divided into 28 parishes, having 27 priests altogether.

Nakhon Sawan
Nakhon Sawan (Thai: นครสวรรค์, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sā.wǎn]) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in Thailand. The name literally means "Heavenly City". The city is the capital of Nakhon Sawan province, and covers the complete subdistrict (tambon) of Pak Nam Pho and parts of Khwae Yai, Nakhon Sawan Tok, Nakhon Sawan Ok and Wat Sai, as well as all of Mueang Nakhon Sawan district. As of 31 December 2020, it has a population of 82,305. Nakhon Sawan is 238 km north of Bangkok.
Gramada Municipality
Gramada Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Грамада) is a small municipality (obshtina) in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, located in the Danubian Plain about 8 km southwest of Danube river. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Gramada.

The municipality embraces a territory of 184 km2 (71 sq mi) with a population of 2,384 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The easternmost border of the area is linked by the main road E79 which connects the province centre of Vidin with the city of Montana and respectively with the western operating part of Hemus motorway.

Hemus motorway
The Hemus motorway (Bulgarian: Автомагистрала „Хемус“, Avtomagistrala "Hemus") or Haemus motorway, designated A2, is a partially built motorway in Bulgaria, under construction since 1974. Its planned length is 418 km, of which 206 km are in operation as of December 2025. The motorway in operation is divided into two sections — the first one links the capital Sofia with the town of Ugarchin near Dermantsi, crossing Stara planina (Balkan Mountains), and the second segment connects Varna and Buhovtsi near Targovishte. According to the plans, Hemus motorway would connect Sofia with the third-largest city of Varna, at the Black Sea coast, duplicating European route E70 (Varna–Shumen), European route E772 (Shumen–Yablanitsa) and European route E83 (Yablanitsa–Sofia).
Eden (Eugene O'Brien play)
Eden is an Irish play, written by Eugene O'Brien in 2001. It premiered at the Peacock Theatre/Abbey Theatre in Dublin on 24 January 2001, and very successfully was put on in the West End of London and Broadway in New York City. In 2001 the play won the Irish Times Best New Play of the Year Award and Stewart Parker Prize.

Peacock Theatre
The Peacock Theatre (previously the Royalty Theatre) is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster, located in Portugal Street, near Aldwych. The 999-seat house is owned by, and comprises part of the London School of Economics and Political Science campus, who use the theatre for lectures, public talks, conferences, political speeches and open days.

The university has a long lease with London's principal centre for contemporary dance, Sadler's Wells, with whom it has negotiated a deal to bring in dance companies under the banner 'Sadler's Wells in the West End'. The venue often plays host to dance performances, conferences, ballet, pop concerts and award ceremonies. The stage is approximately 36 feet (11 m) by 33 feet (10 m).
Manhunt in Space
Manhunt in Space is a 75-minute 1954 American science fiction film, consisting of three consecutive episodes of the TV series Rocky Jones, Space Ranger, which told a continuous story.  It was released only on 16mm for home movie rental and television syndication.  It was directed by Hollingsworth Morse. The film is now in the public domain. It appeared as an episode of the American television comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000 in 1992.

Hollingsworth Morse
John Hollingsworth Morse (December 16, 1910 – January 23, 1988) was an American television director. He directed episodes of a wide variety of U.S. television series from the 1950s through the 1980s under the names Hollingsworth Morse and John H. Morse.
Leaving Me Now
"Leaving Me Now" is a single by the English jazz-funk band Level 42, released on 29 November 1985 by Polydor Records. It was the second single from their sixth studio album World Machine. The song was written by Mark King, Phil Gould and Wally Badarou. A slow, emotive ballad written about the end of a relationship, it contains a piano solo by Mike Lindup in the middle and at the end, though this is edited down for the single edit.

The single's cover art is identical to the follow-up single "World Machine", and illustrates a hole in the sky. The single was released in many countries beyond the United Kingdom, including the United States, Germany, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, Argentina, and Japan.

Mark King (musician)
Mark Raymond King (born 20 October 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, and musician. He is the lead vocalist and bassist of the jazz-funk band Level 42. King is known for his slap style of playing the bass guitar, with MusicRadar describing him as "the guy who put the slap in pop during the 80s". King received a BASCA Gold Badge Award in October 2015 in recognition of his contribution to British music. He won the "Outer Limits" award at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.
Valide Mosque
Valide Mosque or Valide Sultan Mosque (Turkish: Valide [Sultan] Camii, lit. 'Mosque of the Valide Sultan') can refer to:

Atik Valide Mosque, in Istanbul, Turkey

New Valide Sultan Mosque, in Istanbul, Turkey

Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, in Istanbul, Turkey

Yeni Valide Mosque, in the Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey

Valide Mosque, in Mytilene, Greece

Valide Sultan Mosque in Rethymno, Greece

Valide Mosque, Mytilene
The Valide Mosque (Greek: Βαλιδέ Τζαμί, from Turkish: Valide Camii, lit. 'Mosque of the Valide Sultan'), known locally as the Valide Djami, is a former mosque in Mytilene, on the island of Lesbos, in the North Aegean region of Greece. Completed in 1615 during the Ottoman era, the mosque was abandoned in the 1920s, following the Balkan Wars and the Greco-Turkish population exchange, and is in a partial ruinous state.
Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach
Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach (Naskapi: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᒡ ᐅᑕ ᑲᐛᐛᒋᑲᒪᒡ, romanized: Naskapi Iyuch Uta Kawâwâchikamach, French: Nation Naskapi de Kawawachikamach) is a First Nation band government in Quebec, Canada. The members of the band are ethnically Naskapi Innu and speak the Naskapi language. The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is the only Naskapi band in Quebec; there is another Naskapi band, Mushuau Innu First Nation located in Labrador.

Mushuau Innu First Nation
Mushuau Innu First Nation is a First Nations band government located in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The band has one reserve which has been located near the community of Natuashish since 2002 when it moved from Davis Inlet. The reserve has an area of roughly 44 square kilometres (11,000 acres).

The Mushuau Innu and the Naskapi were once the same people, speaking the same dialect and writing in syllabics, but split off and headed to Eastern Labrador, probably for sustainability reasons. Very few (if any) Mushuau Innu are able to write in syllabics any more. The majority are Catholic and use the Montagnais Bible which does not use syllabics.

The chief of this First Nation is John Nui. As of October 2019, the Nation has a registered population of 1072 people, of whom 991 live on-reserve. The population of Natuashish at the 2021 Census performed by Statistics Canada was 856, down from 938 in 2016.
Tofu skin roll
Tofu skin roll or tofu roll is a dim sum dish. It can be found in Hong Kong and among overseas Chinese restaurants. It is usually served in a small plate in twos or threes. In all cases, the outer layer is made of tofu skin.

Bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used as vegetables in numerous Asian dishes and broths. They are sold in various processed shapes and are available in fresh, dried, and canned versions.

Raw bamboo shoots contain cyanogenic glycosides, natural toxins also contained in cassava. The toxins must be destroyed by thorough cooking, and for this reason, fresh bamboo shoots are boiled before being used in other ways. The toxins are also destroyed in the canning process.
Wilds Hall
Wilds Hall, also known as the Peter A. Wilds House and Wilson House, is a historic home located at Springville, Darlington County, South Carolina.  It was built about  1839, and enlarged to its present size about 1850. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, rectangular, weatherboard clad, frame residence with gabled roof.  It sits on a low stuccoed brick pier foundation. Also on the property are four associated outbuildings. Peter Wilds was a wealthy planter owning 111 slaves in 1860. This house was lived in by four generations of the Wilds family over a 130-year period.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Darlington County, South Carolina
Darlington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 62,905. Its county seat is Darlington. Hartsville is the largest community in the county. Darlington County is home to the Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500. Darlington County is also home to Coker College in Hartsville. Darlington County was named by an act in March 1785. Darlington County is included in the Florence, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1955 Dodge
The 1955 Dodge car lineup, consisting of the entry-level Coronet, Royal, and ornate Custom Royal, was a major departure for the company.  Driven almost out of business in 1953 and 1954, the Chrysler Corporation was revived with a $250 million loan from Prudential and new models designed by Virgil Exner.  The Dodge lineup was positioned as the mainstream line in Chrysler's hierarchy, between DeSoto and Plymouth.

DeSoto (automobile)
DeSoto (sometimes De Soto) was an American automobile brand that was manufactured and marketed by the DeSoto division of Chrysler Corporation  from 1928 to the 1961 model year. More than two million passenger cars and trucks bore the DeSoto brand in North American markets during its existence.
Harold Bollers
Sir Harold Brodie Smith Bollers (5 February 1915 – 26 December 2006) was a Guyanese lawyer, who served as Chief Justice of Guyana.

Bollers was born in Georgetown, Guyana, educated at Queen College, Guyana and read law at King's College London. From 1966 to 1980 he was the first Chief Justice of Guyana following Guyana's independence.

His honours include Knight Bachelor (KB) in 1969, the Cacique's Crown of Honour (CCH) in 1982, and the Order of Roraima (OR) in 1991.

Order of Roraima of Guyana
The Order of Roraima of Guyana is the second highest National Award of Guyana, and is limited to only thirty five living Guyanese recipients.  Established in 1976, it is awarded to any citizen of Guyana who has given outstanding service to the nation.  Citizens of foreign nations who are deemed eligible may be appointed as honorary members of the order.