hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg Kuphaldt
Georg Friedrich Ferdinand Kuphaldt (Latvian: Georgs Frīdrīhs Ferdinands Kūfalts) (6 June 1853 in Plön, Holstein – 14 April 1938 in Berlin, Germany) was an influential German landscape architect, gardener and dendrologist of the Russian Empire.

At the age of 27, Kuphaldt was promoted to the perhaps most prestigeful position in his career as director of the city gardens and parks in Riga. The following almost 35 years he was in charge of establishing and developing the newly created administration of the city's gardens and parks, of which structures has been preserved until today. In the period from 1880 to 1914 he was also involved in planning parks and gardens throughout the Russian Empire. Some of the most renowned works of Kuphaldt are the gardens of the Winter Palace and Oranienbaum in Saint Petersburg as well as locations in Nizhny Novgorod, Dagomys in Sochi, Tsarskoye Selo and Catharinenthal Palace in Reval (now Tallinn).

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Granary Island
Granary Island (Polish: Wyspa Spichrzów, German: Speicherinsel, Kashubian: Spichrze) is an island in the district (dzielnica) Śródmieście of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. It is located east of the Main City. The island is enclosed by the Motława from the west and New Motława from the east. It is one of the two islands located on the Motława, alongside Ołowianka in the north.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Technical informatics
Technical informatics is a European computer engineering equivalent, which includes, among others, digital logic and computational circuits, processor design, logic synthesis, computer architecture and organisation, low-level programming, firmware design, digital signal processing, embedded systems and physical computing.

This discipline is usually taught at vocational universities up to a master's degree level.

Circuit (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce.  For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.  The values in an integer circuit are sets of integers and the gates compute set union, set intersection, and set complement, as well as the arithmetic operations addition and multiplication.
2013 Reinert Open – Doubles
Mailen Auroux and María Irigoyen were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players chose not to defend their title; instead, opting to play at the $25,000 tournament in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.

Sofia Shapatava and Anna Tatishvili won the tournament, defeating Claire Feuerstein and Renata Voráčová in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Sofia Shapatava
Sofia Shapatava (Georgian: სოფია შაფათავა, romanized: sopia shapatava, pronounced [sopʰia ʃapʰatʰava]; born 12 January 1989) is a Georgian tennis player.

She has won three singles and 41 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 8 September 2014, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 186. On 9 November 2015, she peaked at No. 132 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for Georgia Fed Cup team, Shapatava has a win–loss record of 31–29 (as of July 2024).

She made her Grand Slam main-draw debut at the 2014 French Open where she qualified, before losing to 2009 champion, Svetlana Kuznetsova, in the first round.
Iwaya Dam
The Iwaya Dam (Iwaya Damu) is a dam in the city of Gero, Gifu Prefecture, Japan on the Maze River, part of the Kiso River system. The dam is a rockfill dam with a height of 127 meters and was constructed as a multipurpose dam for flood control, supply of municipal and industrial water, irrigation water and hydroelectric power generation. The reservoir created by the dam supplies the Chubu Electric Power Company's Mazegawa No.1 Power plant with a capacity of 288 MW hydroelectric power station.

157 households were flooded during the construction of the dam.

Kiso River
The Kiso River (木曽川, Kiso-gawa) is a river in the Chubu region of Japan roughly 229 km (142 mi) long, flowing through the prefectures of Nagano, Gifu, Aichi, and Mie before emptying into Ise Bay a short distance away from the city of Nagoya. It is the main river among the Kiso Three Rivers (along with the Ibi and Nagara rivers) and forms a major part of the Nōbi Plain. The valley around the upper portion of the river forms the Kiso Valley.

Parts of the Kiso River are sometimes referred to as the Japan Rhine because of its similarities to the Rhine in Europe.
William Howell Ewin
William Howell Ewin (1731?–1804), was a usurer. He was the son of Thomas Ewin, formerly a grocer, and latterly a brewer in partnership with one Sparks of St. Sepulchre's, Cambridge, by a daughter of a coal merchant named Howell of St. Clement's in the same town.

Coal merchant
A coal merchant is the term used in the UK and other countries for a trader who sells coal and often delivers it to households. Coal merchants were once a major class of local business, but have declined in importance in many parts of the developed world due to the rise of alternative heating methods, including central heating, gas, oil and electric heating. The men who carried the coal to households were called coal men.

The mass of coal homes burned was large; the UK government estimated in 1975 that the average household burning solid fuel used about 4.7 tons per year.
Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996
Russia attempted to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 in Oslo, Norway. The Russian entry was selected through a national final, organised by the Russian broadcaster Rossiya Channel (RTR). Andrey Kosinsky was chosen to represent Russia with the song "Ya eto ya". However, Russia was one of seven countries which failed to qualify for the Eurovision final from a pre-qualifying round, so they were not present in Norway.

Masha Katz
Maria Lvovna "Masha" Katz (Russian: Мари́я Льво́вна "Ма́ша" Кац; born 23 January 1973), also known by her stage name Youddiph (Russian: Юди́фь, romanized: Yudif, lit. 'Judith'), is a Russian singer. She is best known for representing Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 held in Dublin, the first time Russia has competed in the competition.
André Thomashausen
André Edgar Antonio Maria Thomashausen is a professor emeritus of international, comparative and constitutional law at the University of South Africa  and a legal scholar with expertise in constitutional law, private and public international law, and law in African contexts. He is best known for negotiator of the Transitional Constitution of Namibia (1984-1985) and drafter for the South African Department of Water Affairs for the Lesotho Highlands Water Treaty, from 1983 to 1986.

Department of Water and Sanitation
The Department of Water and Sanitation is one of the departments of the South African government.  It is responsible for the state of water and sanitation in South Africa.

In May 2009, following the election of Jacob Zuma, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry was divided, with the forestry responsibility being transferred to the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The Department of Water and Sanitation was established in May 2014 by President Jacob Zuma with former Gauteng Premier Nomvula Mokonyane becoming the first Minister (26 May 2014 – 28 January 2018). She was replaced by Gugile Nkwinti.
Ashty, Republic of Dagestan
Ashty (Russian: Ашты; Dargwa: ГIяштти) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ashtynsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 393 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
Monaco national football team
The Monaco national football team is a national side that represents Monaco in association football. The team is controlled by the Monégasque Football Federation, the governing body for all football in Monaco. Monaco is not a member of FIFA or UEFA, and therefore cannot enter the FIFA World Cup nor the UEFA European Championship. Monaco was a founding member of the N.F.-Board in 2003, and finished second in the 2006 VIVA World Cup inaugural edition. However, due to political opposition, Monaco severed ties with the organization in 2010.

Although Monaco has a National Olympic Committee and has therefore been eligible for the Summer Olympics and Mediterranean Games, they have never entered either games' football tournaments.

Football at the Mediterranean Games
Football has been played consistently at the Mediterranean Games since the year 1951 for men. Italy and Spain are the most successful teams. From 1991, national teams are not allowed, which means only youth teams participate in the tournament.
Quşəncə
Quşəncə (also, Quşencə, Kushendzha, Kushendzhe, and Kush-Yengidzha) is a village and municipality in the Ismailli Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 2,525, and the municipality consists of the villages of Quşəncə, Balik, and Enişdibi.

Ismayilli District
Ismayilli District (Azerbaijani: İsmayıllı rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country, in the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qabala, Quba, Goychay, Kurdamir, Agsu, and Shamakhi. Its capital and largest city is Ismayilli. As of 2020, the district had a population of 87,400. It is believed that this district was named after a highly respected elder and philanthropist in the community, Ismayil Baghiyev.
Madness, Money & Music
Madness, Money & Music is the third album by singer Sheena Easton. It was released in 1982 and produced by Christopher Neil. The album includes the singles "I Wouldn't Beg for Water" (US number 64) and "Machinery" (US number 57, UK number 38), as well as the UK single "Are You Man Enough" and Dutch hit "Ice Out In The Rain" (Holland number 21).

Phil Palmer
Philip John Palmer (born 9 September 1952) is a British rock sideman and session guitarist who has toured, recorded, and worked with numerous artists. He is best known for his work with Eric Clapton and Dire Straits.
Readlyn, Iowa
Readlyn is a city in Bremer County, Iowa, United States. The population was 845 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Waterloo–Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is known for its culture surrounding the "Grump", a title of honor and area folklore character inspired by a real resident of Readlyn in the early 20th century. A post office opened in Readlyn in 1904.

Irritability
Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli.

When reflecting human emotion and behavior, it is commonly defined as the tendency to react to stimuli with negative affective states (especially anger) and temper outbursts, which can be aggressive. Distressing or impairing irritability is important from a mental health perspective as a common symptom of concern and predictor of clinical outcomes.
Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(OH)3. It is a colorless solid. It is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives. Phloroglucinol is one of three isomeric benzenetriols. The other two isomers are hydroxyquinol (1,2,4-benzenetriol) and pyrogallol (1,2,3-benzenetriol).  Phloroglucinol, and its benzenetriol isomers, are still defined as "phenols" according to the IUPAC official nomenclature rules of chemical compounds. Many such monophenolics are often termed polyphenols. The enzyme is biosynthesized by phloroglucinol synthase.

Trihydroxybenzenes
The trihydroxybenzenes (or benzenetriols) are organic compounds with the formula C6H3(OH)3.  Also classified as polyphenols, they feature three hydroxyl groups substituted onto a benzene ring.  They are white solids with modest solubility in water.

The enzyme pyrogallol hydroxytransferase uses benzene-1,2,3,5-tetrol and benzene-1,2,3-triol (pyrogallol), whereas its two products are benzene-1,3,5-triol (phloroglucinol) and benzene-1,2,3,5-tetrol. This enzyme can be found in Pelobacter acidigallici.
2015 Open Harmonie mutuelle – Doubles
Dominik Meffert and Tim Pütz were the defending champions, but decided not to compete.

Grégoire Burquier and Alexandre Sidorenko won the title, defeating Andriej Kapaś and Yasutaka Uchiyama in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Tim Pütz
Tim Pütz (German pronunciation: [ˈtɪm ˈpʏts]; born 19 November 1987) is a German professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 6 on 17 February 2025, and has won eleven doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including the 2024 ATP Finals with Kevin Krawietz, becoming the first all-German pair to win the title. Pütz won the 2023 French Open in mixed doubles alongside Miyu Kato and was a finalist at the 2024 US Open with Krawietz.

He has also reached the semifinals at the 2023 Wimbledon. In singles, he has a career-high ranking of world No. 163, achieved in February 2015, reaching the second round at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Pütz has represented Germany in the Davis Cup since 2017, most notably reaching the semifinals in 2021. He also competed at the Olympic Games with Kevin Krawietz in 2021, and in 2024 where they reached the quarterfinals.
Schisms (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Schisms" is the 131st episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and the fifth of the sixth season. It was originally aired on October 19, 1992.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, some members of the crew are having trouble sleeping and experience unnerving reactions to particular objects for unknown reasons and decide to investigate it.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Simon Kim
Simon Kim is an American restaurateur who owns and operates COTE Korean Steakhouse, a restaurant with locations in New York, Miami, Las Vegas, and Singapore. COTE New York has received a star from the Michelin Guide each year since opening in 2017.
Kim's original "Korean Steakhouse" concept combines Korean barbecue with an American steakhouse experience and was inspired by his dual nationalities. Crain's New York named Kim as one of their "40 Under 40" business leaders in 2019. In 2021, the National Restaurant Association, which represents 1 million restaurant and foodservice outlets and a workforce of 15.6 million employees, elected Kim to serve on their board.

Steakhouse
A steakhouse, steak house, or chophouse is a restaurant that specializes in steaks and chops. Modern steakhouses may also carry other cuts of meat including poultry, roast prime rib, and veal, as well as fish and other seafood.
Liska March
Liska March (February 17, 1906 – May 30, 2003) was a dancer in the Ziegfeld Follies, an actress
in motion pictures of the early sound era, and a producer of Broadway plays. March was born in St. Louis, Missouri and played in stock there prior to going to New York, New York. While in New York City Liska appeared in the Follies and also took part in Sunny, a play which featured actress Marilyn Miller. She died in 2003 at the age of 97.

The Trunks of Mr. O.F.
The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (German: Die Koffer des Herrn O.F.) is a 1931 German comedy film directed by Alexis Granowsky and starring Alfred Abel, Peter Lorre, and Harald Paulsen. Produced by Tobis Film, it was made at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin with sets designed by the art director Erich Czerwonski. The film was shot between 15 September and 17 October 1931 and premiered in Berlin's Mozartsaal on 2 December 1931. The film was then heavily cut down to a shorter running time, and re-released under the alternative title Building and Marrying (Bauen und heiraten). It received its Viennese premiere on 4 June 1932.

It received a mixed reception from critics who were divided over its non-realist, fantastical elements. The film's screenwriter Léo Lania intended it to be a critique of capitalism.
Mount Olivine (Quebec)
The Mont Olivine is a mountain in Gaspésie National Park, in the unincorporated  territory of Mont-Albert, in the La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the region of Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada.

Mount Olivine is one of the Chic-Choc Mountains.

Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (French pronunciation: [ɡaspezi il də la madlɛn]) is an administrative region of Quebec consisting of the Gaspé Peninsula (Gaspésie) and the Îles-de-la-Madeleine.  It lies in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at the eastern extreme of southern Quebec. The predominant economic activities are fishing, forestry and tourism.
Coenzyme B
Coenzyme B is a coenzyme required for redox reactions in methanogens. The full chemical name of coenzyme B is 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreoninephosphate.  The molecule contains a thiol, which is its principal site of reaction.

Coenzyme B reacts with 2-methylthioethanesulfonate (methyl-Coenzyme M, abbreviated CH3–S–CoM), to release methane in methanogenesis:

CH3–S–CoM + HS–CoB  →  CH4  +  CoB–S–S–CoM

This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase, which contains cofactor F430 as the prosthetic group.

A related conversion that utilizes both HS-CoB and HS-CoM is the reduction of fumarate to succinate, catalyzed by fumarate reductase:

HS–CoM + HS–CoB +  −O2CCH=CHCO−2 →  −O2CCH2–CH2CO−2  +  CoB–S–S–CoM

Fumaric acid
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature.  It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. The salts and esters are known as fumarates.  Fumarate can also refer to the C4H2O2−4 ion (in solution). Fumaric acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer.
Our Lady of the Turks
Nostra Signora dei Turchi (internationally released as Our Lady of the Turks) is a 1968 Italian drama film. It is the feature film debut of Carmelo Bene and it is based on a stage play by the same Bene. It won the  Special Jury Prize at the 1968 Venice Film Festival.

The film was shown as part of a retrospective "Questi fantasmi: Cinema italiano ritrovato" at the 65th Venice International Film Festival.

65th Venice International Film Festival
The 65th annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 27 August 2008 to 6 September 2008, at Venice Lido in Italy. The festival was dedicated to the late Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine.

German filmmaker Wim Wenders was the jury president for the main competition. Russian actress Kseniya Rappoport was the Host of the opening and closing ceremonies. The Golden Lion was awarded to The Wrestler by Darren Aronofsky.

Italian filmmaker Ermanno Olmi received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement during the festival.

A restored version of Federico Fellini's 1952 comedy The White Sheik, with forty minutes of newly discovered footage. The record for the longest film at the festival was broken by Lav Diaz's Melancholia, with a running time of approximately seven and a half hours, which was included in the Orizzonti competition section.

The festival opened with Burn After Reading by Joel and Ethan Coen.
1985 Sugar Bowl
The 1985 Sugar Bowl was the 51st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Tuesday, January 1. Part of the 1984–85 bowl game season, it matched the fifth-ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference and the #11 LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The teams had met two years earlier in the Orange Bowl. Favored Nebraska trailed early, but rallied to win 28–10.

Doug DuBose
Donald Douglas DuBose (born March 14, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was a Heisman Trophy candidate before missing his entire senior year due to injury. He then played two seasons in the NFL with the San Francisco 49ers, and was a member of the 49ers team that won Super Bowl XXIII. He was banned from the NFL for one year after testing positive for cocaine for the third time. DuBose later played for the Sacramento Surge of the World League of American Football (WLAF).