hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gulf Railroad
The Gulf Railroad was incorporated under the laws of Oklahoma Territory on June 2, 1896.  In 1897 it built 10.1 miles of track from Wakita, Oklahoma to Medford, Oklahoma.  In the 1897-1898 timeframe, it built 26.6 miles of track from Medford to Blackwell, Oklahoma.  The President of the railroad, W.A. Bradford, Jr., purchased 160 acres of land and established the town of Deer Creek, Oklahoma along that section of the line on March 14, 1898.

The railroad was sold to the Hutchinson and Southern Railway Company, with the property conveyed by two deeds dated March 22, 1898 and November 13, 1899.  That company in turn was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 20, 1899.  The trackage has since been abandoned.

Blackwell, Oklahoma
Blackwell is a city in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States, located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 11 along Interstate 35. The population was 6,085 as of the 2020 census. Blackwell was established following the September 16, 1893 Cherokee Outlet land run by A. J. Blackwell. Blackwell has an agricultural and fossil fuel based economy.
2015 Dimapur mob lynching
The 2015 Dimapur mob lynching was a case of mob lynching that took place in Dimapur, Nagaland, India, on 5 March 2015. A mob of about 7000–8000 people broke into a prison, dragged a man detained under accused of rape out of the Dimapur Central Jail, paraded him naked and beat him to death in a case of vigilante justice.

The incident took place in the backdrop of widespread public anger over rising sexual violence against women in India and a controversy over a ban on the documentary India's Daughter, based on the 2012 Delhi gang rape, and concerns in Nagaland over illegal immigration from Bangladesh.

Karimganj district
Karimganj district, officially Sribhumi district, is one of the 35 districts of the Indian state of Assam. The district's administrative headquarters and largest town is Karimganj. Located in southern Assam, it shares borders with the Indian state of Tripura and the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Alongside Hailakandi and Cachar, it forms the Barak Valley region. Historically, the area was part of Sylhet District before the Partition of India in 1947. It was later designated as a separate district in 1983.
Papyrus 107
Papyrus 107 is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John, containing verses 17:1–2 & 17:11 in a fragmentary condition. It is designated by the siglum 𝔓107 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (paleography), it has been assigned to the early 3rd century CE. The manuscript is currently housed at the Sackler Library (Papyrology Rooms, P. Oxy. LXV 4446) at Oxford.

Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library
The Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library (‘Bodleian Art Library’ in its shortened form, formerly the Sackler Library) holds a large portion of the classical, art historical, and archaeological works belonging to the University of Oxford, England.
1863 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1863 Louisiana gubernatorial (Confederate) election was the fourth election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1852. As a result of this election Henry Watkins Allen became Governor of Confederate-controlled Louisiana.

Governor of Louisiana
The governor of Louisiana (French: Gouverneur de la Louisiane; Spanish: Gobernador de Luisiana) is the chief executive  of the U.S. state government of Louisiana. The governor also serves as the commander in chief of the Louisiana National Guard. Republican Jeff Landry has held the office since January 8, 2024.
Prix Amerigo Vespucci
The prix Amerigo-Vespucci is a French literary award established in 1990, during the first International Festival of Geography (IFG) at Saint-Dié-des-Vosges. It rewards works on the theme of adventure and travel and refers to the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.

Featuring 2500 euros (in 2014), it is traditionally awarded at the inauguration of the Book Fair. An Amerigo Vespucci Youth Award is also presented.

Actes Sud
Actes Sud is a French publishing house based in Arles. It was founded in 1978 by author Hubert Nyssen. By 2013, the company, then headed by Nyssen's daughter, Françoise Nyssen, had an annual turnover of 60 million euros and 60 staff members.
2004–05 Eredivisie (basketball)
The 2004–05 Eredivisie season was the 45th season of the Eredivisie in basketball, the highest professional basketball league in the Netherlands. Demon Astronauts from Amsterdam won their 5th national title.

Dutch Basketball League
The Dutch Basketball League (DBL), formerly the Eredivisie, was the highest professional basketball league in the Netherlands, run by the Federatie Eredivisie Basketball (FEB). Since 2021, the league has been replaced by the Belgian-Dutch BNXT League.

The league had a closed system: to participate, a team has to have enough money and potential. The league began in 1960 as the Eredivisie and was organized by the NBB and later the FEB. In 1977 the league introduced play-offs. As of 2019, the Dutch Basketball League consists of ten teams and plays under the FIBA rules.
Kokubun
Kokubun (written: 国分 or 國分) is a Japanese surname. The kanji used to write this surname may also be read Kokubu.

Notable people with the surname Kokubun include:

Russell S. Kokubun (born 1948), American politician

Ryosei Kokubun (国分 良成) (born 1953), Japanese academic and author

Shion Kokubun (國分 紫苑) (born 1991), Japanese figure skater

Taichi Kokubun (国分 太一) (born 1974), Japanese musician and actor

Yukari Kokubun (國分 優香里) (born 1983), Japanese voice actress

Notable people with the surname Kokubu include:

Beauty Kokubu (ビューティーこくぶ) (born Hideyuki Kokubu (国分 秀之), 1973), Japanese impressionist (monomane tarento)

Kokubu Morishige (国分 盛重) (1553–1615), Japanese samurai of the Sengoku through early Edo period

Sachiko Kokubu (国分 佐智子) (born 1976), Japanese actress and fashion model

Shintaro Kokubu (國分 伸太郎) (born 1994), Japanese football player

Beauty Kokubu
Beauty Kokubu (ビューティーこくぶ, Byūtī Kokubu; born 12 November 1973 in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese impressionist (monomane tarento). His real name is Hideyuki Kokubu (国分 秀之, Kokubu Hideyuki).

Kokubu is represented with Big World.
Meynell
Meynell is the name of:

Alice Meynell (1847–1922), wife of Wilfrid Meynell

Francis Meynell (1891–1975), poet and printer, son of Alice and Wilfrid Meynell

Godfrey Meynell (1904–1935), army officer, awarded posthumous VC

Hugo Meynell (1735–1808), politician and fox-hunter

Hugo Francis Meynell Ingram (1822–1871), politician, greatgrandson of Hugo Meynell

Hugo Anthony Meynell (1936–2021), English Christian philosopher, son of Godfrey Meynell

Rhys Meynell (born 1988), footballer

Viola Meynell (1885–1956), writer, daughter of Alice and Wilfrid Meynell

Wilfrid Meynell CBE (1852–1948), newspaper publisher

Alice Meynell
Alice Christiana Gertrude Meynell (/ˈmɛnəl/ MEN-uhl; née Thompson; 11 October 1847 – 27 November 1922) was a British writer, editor, critic, and suffragist, now remembered mainly as a poet. She was considered for the position of Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom twice, first in 1892 on the death of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and later in 1913 on the death of Alfred Austin, but was never appointed to the position.

Meynell and her husband, Wilfrid Meynell, were the owners and editors of several Catholic publications and patrons of the poet Francis Thompson.
Talley v. California
Talley v. California, 362 U.S. 60 (1960), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States voided a Los Angeles city ordinance which forbade the distribution of any handbills in any place under any circumstances if the handbills did not contain the name and address of the person for whom it was prepared, distributed, or sponsored.

Manuel Talley was distributing handbills that promoted the boycott of businesses that refused to hire minorities. The handbills he distributed were anonymous which resulted in the California municipal court to rule that he was violating the ordinance and fined him $10. He appealed to the California appellate court which affirmed his conviction. He appealed again to the supreme court which found the ordinance unconstitutional.

Talley is often cited for the proposition that identification requirements burden speech.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Chalermchai Charuvastr
Chalermchai Charuvastr (Thai: เฉลิมชัย จารุวัสตร์, 1916–2009) was a Thai army general, hotelier and business executive, known for pioneering the Thai tourism industry and heading the Siam Piwat company, owner of multiple major shopping malls in the Siam area.

Chalermchai was a close aide of Sarit Thanarat, Thailand's strongman dictator prime minister from 1959 to 1963, and he served several government positions under Sarit. Like Sarit, he was a strong supporter of the monarchy. In 1960, he was appointed the first director of the Tourist Organisation of Thailand (now the Tourism Authority of Thailand), and became chairman of The Syndicate of Thai Hotels and Tourists Enterprises, the state-owned company that ran the Erawan Hotel. He also headed the Bangkok Intercontinental Hotels Company, which was established to run the Siam InterContinental Hotel and later became Siam Piwat.

Siam InterContinental Hotel
The Siam InterContinental Hotel was a luxury hotel in Bangkok, Thailand. It stood on Rama I Road, in the neighbourhood now known as Siam in Pathum Wan District, on land leased from Sa Pathum Palace. It opened as part of Pan Am's InterContinental hotel chain in 1966, operated by the Bangkok Intercontinental Hotels Company. It stood until 2002 when it was demolished to make way for the Siam Paragon shopping mall. The Siam InterContinental was Bangkok's first luxury international-brand hotel, and was also particularly known for the striking design of its main building, by American architect Joseph P. Salerno.
Charlotta Stern
Charlotta Stern (born 1967) is a professor of sociology at Stockholm University, who specializes in the sociology of work and organizations, and the CEO of the research institute Ratio.

Stern's research is mainly labor market-related. She is the principal investigator of Ratio's labor market program, the purpose of which is to study topics such as the future of work and challenges of the Swedish model.

Stern has also conducted research on the field of sociology of gender, and she argues that ideological like-mindedness in social psychology leads to a narrowing of perspectives and an impoverishment of the intellectual progress within that field. A paper she co-authored on this issue, "Political diversity will improve psychological science", has been cited as a motivator for the founding of the Heterodox Academy.

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
Gaoyong Zhang
Gaoyong Zhang is an American mathematician. He is professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University in New York City.  His main research interests are convex geometry and its connections with analysis and information theory.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Prussian T 37
The Prussian T 37s were German steam locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways. They replaced the smaller 0-6-0T locomotives on the railway line between Beuthen and Kattowitz. In all 20 engines were supplied to Prussia, of which eight were taken over by the Reichsbahn and given numbers 99 401 to 99 408. They were all withdrawn by 1939 and scrapped.

These locomotives were equipped with Klien-Lindner axles at each end. They had an outside frame and the third wheelset was driven. They also had an outside Walschaerts valve gear. The engines could carry 1.3 tonnes of coal and 2.5 m2 of water. The coal tank was located behind the driver's cab.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
MAKUTA
MAKUTA (Doug, Jane, Aleata, and Rose) is a 4-member pop-rock group, from Brooklyn, New York, signed with Timbaland's Anthem-Bluestone venture. They released their new album "Phosphenes" on November 15, 2019, one EP "The Kingbird Sessions" (in 2014), and several singles.

MAKUTA has toured with The Band Perry, Keaton Simons, and others, and have collaborated with many artists of note, including Timbaland, Hunter Hayes, John Oates (of Hall & Oates), Scott Storch, Mike Viola, Ron Carter, Aaron Henningsen, Bleu (musician), Peedi Peedi, Zumba, and James Maslow. Their music has been featured on CBS (the television show Pure Genius), Wells Fargo, Yahoo!, and Billboard, and received critical praise from the likes of Perez Hilton. They were also featured headline performers at the inaugural GRAMMY Block Party.

Bleu (musician)
William James McAuley III (born July 18, 1975), alias Bleu, is an American musician and a record producer. He has written and produced songs for Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez, John Oates, Michelle Branch, Hey Violet, Big Freedia, and the Jonas Brothers, and has won multiple Independent Music Awards for his work with Air Traffic Controller.

In addition to his solo act, for which he was signed to Columbia Records, McAuley has been in a number of bands over the years, including a duo with Alexz Johnson called Johnson & McAuley, Electric Light Orchestra-style power pop band LEO, and a Mutt Lange homage super-group called LoudLion with Taylor Locke of Rooney and Allison Robertson of The Donnas.

McAuley's songs have been featured on soundtracks like Spider-Man and The Hills Have Eyes 2. In 2014, he wrote and produced all the soundtrack songs for Tinker Bell and the Legend of the Neverbeast, one of which is a duet featuring himself and KT Tunstall on vocals.
Marasmius asiaticus
Marasmius asiaticus is a species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Within the large genus Marasmius, it is classified in section Sicci. Known only from a single collection made in Mount Nuang Forest Reserve (Peninsular Malaysia), it was described as new to science in 2009 by Tan and Dennis Desjardin under the name Marasmius distantifolius. This was later discovered to be an illegitimate homonym of a species named by William Alphonso Murrill in 1915, now known as Marasmiellus distantifolius. Armin Mešić and Zdenko Tkalčec proposed the new epithet asiaticus, referring to its distribution. The original epithet, which combined the Latin distans ("distant") and -folius ("leaf"), alluded to the distantly-spaced gills.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
H. Paul Varley
Herbert Paul Varley (February 8, 1931 – December 15, 2015) was an American academic, historian, author, and Japanologist. He was an emeritus professor at Columbia University and Sen Sōshitsu XV Professor of Japanese Cultural History at the University of Hawaii.

Sen Sōshitsu XV
Sen Sōshitsu XV (十五代千宗室, jū go dai sen sōshitsu; 19 April 1923 – 14 August 2025) was the 15th-generation Grand Master (iemoto) of Urasenke, which is one of the most widely known schools of Japanese tea, and served in official capacity from 1964 to 2002. In 1949, he received the Zen title Hōunsai (鵬雲斎). Following his retirement, he adopted the name Sen Genshitsu (玄室), with the honorary title Daisōshō, in order to distinguish him from his son and successor, Sen Sōshitsu XVI. For over seven decades, Sen Genshitsu traveled across the world in order to promote the ethos of "Peacefulness through a Bowl of Tea".
Sum of angles of a triangle
In a Euclidean space, the sum of angles of a triangle equals a straight angle (180 degrees, π radians, two right angles, or a half-turn). A triangle has three angles, and has one at each vertex, bounded by a pair of adjacent sides.

The sum can be computed directly using the definition of angle based on the dot product and trigonometric identities, or more quickly by reducing to the two-dimensional case and using  Euler's identity.

It was unknown for a long time whether other geometries exist, for which this sum is different. The influence of this problem on mathematics was particularly strong during the 19th century. Ultimately, the answer was proven to be positive: in other spaces (geometries) this sum can be greater or lesser, but it then must depend on the triangle. Its difference from 180° is a case of angular defect and serves as an important distinction for geometric systems.

Radian
The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one radian is the angle subtended at the center of a plane circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius. The unit is defined in the SI as the coherent unit for plane angle, as well as for phase angle. Angles without explicitly specified units are generally assumed to be measured in radians, especially in mathematical writing.
Kwaheri
Kwaheri, also known as Kwaheri: Vanishing Africa or Kwaheri: The Forbidden, is a 1964 mondo film directed by David Chudnow and Thor Brooks.  The film was a pseudo-documentary about vanishing native tribes in Africa. Kwaheri means Goodbye in Swahili.

As the film focused more on the controversial aspects of the tribal societies, it gained the attention of exploitation filmmakers, including Kroger Babb, whose Hallmark Productions distribution company acquired the American rights.

Hygienic Productions
Hygienic Productions was a film production company based out of Wilmington, Ohio.  Formed by exploitation film producer Kroger Babb, the company was in charge of promotion and production for a number of Babb's films, including the infamous Mom and Dad.

Later, following the success of Mom and Dad, Babb would rename the company to a more general name, Hallmark Productions, and later, the "Hallmark Big-6."  They would continue presenting the sexual education and medical-style films, but expand to more genres, including drug message films such as "She Shoulda Said 'No'!" and shock films like Karamoja.
Jolles
Jolles is a surname and may apply to:

Henry Jolles, German/Brazilian classical pianist

Sir John Jolles, Lord Mayor of London in 1615

Marion Jolles, sports announcer

Muriel Jolles, a candidate in the Harlow Council elections of 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2008

O. J. Matthijs Jolles, professor of German who translated Clausewitz's On War into English

Simon Jolles, Chief Rabbi of Hungary ca. 1717

Zechariah Isaiah Jolles (1814–1852), rabbinical scholar and writer

2008 Harlow District Council election
The 2008 Harlow District Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party gained overall control of the council from no overall control.

After the election, including the delayed election in Harlow Common, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 19

Liberal Democrats 8

Labour 6
Claremont Hotel (Southwest Harbor, Maine)
The Claremont Hotel (referred to as The Claremont Hotel) is a historic hotel on Claremont Road in Southwest Harbor, Maine.  Built in 1883, the main hotel building is one of the only 19th-century hotels to survive on Mount Desert Island.

In 2020, Kennebunkport-based Claremont Hospitality LLC led by Tim Harrington, has acquired the hotel for an undisclosed price. Harrington has invested $20+ million in a nine-month redevelopment of the property which was completed in time for the 2021 summer season. The hotel facilities now include 34 guest rooms, four suites (in the Phillips House) and 12 cottages overlooking Somes Sound. It also has two restaurants and a bar.

Somes Sound
Somes Sound is a fjard
running deep into Mount Desert Island, the main site of Acadia National Park in Maine, United States. Its deepest point is approximately 175 feet (50 m), and it is over 100 feet (30 m) deep in several places. The sound almost splits the island in two.

While often described as the "only fjord on the East Coast", it lacks the extreme vertical relief and anoxic sediments associated with Norwegian fjords, and is now called a fjard by officials — a smaller drowned glacial embayment.

Somes Sound was named for Abraham Somes, who was one of the first settlers on the island and had a home at the end of the sound in Somesville, the first village on the island.
Wutha station
Wutha station is a through station on the Halle–Bebra railway in the town of Wutha, part of the municipality of Wutha-Farnroda in the German state of Thuringia. It was opened on 1854 and Deutsche Bahn assigns it to category 6.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.