hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Design effect
In survey research, the design effect is a number that shows how well a sample of people may represent a larger group of people for a specific measure of interest (such as the mean). This is important when the sample comes from a sampling method that is different than just picking people using a simple random sample.

The design effect is a positive real number, represented by the symbol . If , then the sample was selected in a way that is just as good as if people were picked randomly. When , then inference from the data collected is not as accurate as it could have been if people were picked randomly.

When researchers use complicated methods to pick their sample, they use the design effect to check and adjust their results. It may also be used when planning a study in order to determine the sample size.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
TwentyfourSeven
TwentyfourSeven was an Australian television series that first screened on SBS in 2002. The series revolves around the lives of the young editorial team who work in the office of an entertainment magazine called 'TwentyfourSeven'.

It was an interactive series that let viewers manipulate the direction of storylines. The series was written on a Monday, shot on a Tuesday and screened on a Wednesday.

The series was produced by Hal and Di McElroy, who also produced another interactive series on SBS called Going Home.

Special Broadcasting Service
The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster that receives about 80 percent of its funding from tax revenue. SBS operates six TV channels (SBS, SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies, SBS Food, NITV and SBS WorldWatch) and seven radio networks (SBS Radios 1, 2 and 3, Arabic 24, SBS Chill, SBS South Asian and SBS PopAsia). SBS is also home to SBS On Demand; a video streaming service.

The stated purpose of SBS is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate, and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society". SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia.

SBS was founded in 1975 as a radio network and launched its television channel in 1980. In-show advertising commenced in 2006 with commercial breaks spanning five minutes per hour. SBS's most successful imported television series is South Park.
Barrallier, New South Wales
Barrallier is a historical locality near the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Upper Lachlan Shire. The area was named after engineer and explorer Francis Barrallier. The name was changed in 1915 from Talloweena, due to a request by a local for suggestions of a new name from historians.

There is no postcode listed for Barrallier.

The locality is around the confluence of Murruin Creek with the Wollondilly River and is the site of an old ford on the Wollondilly. It is downstream from Goodman's Ford,34°19′S 150°04′E﻿ / ﻿34.317°S 150.067°E﻿ / -34.317; 150.067 where the Wombeyan Caves Road crosses the Wollondilly. It once had a post office. It was designated as a 'historical locality' in 1997.

Postcodes in Australia
Postcodes in Australia are used to more efficiently sort and route mail in the Australian postal system. Postcodes in Australia have four digits and are placed at the end of the Australian address, before the country. Postcodes were introduced in Australia in 1967 by the Postmaster-General's Department and are now managed by Australia Post, Australia's national postal service. Postcodes are published in booklets available from post offices or online from the Australia Post website.

Australian envelopes and postcards often have four boxes printed in orange at the bottom right for the postcode. These are used to assist with the automated sorting of mail that has been addressed by hand for Australian delivery.
Aegista kobensis
Aegista kobensis is a species of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Camaenidae.

The name is accepted as an unreplaced junior homonym (based on unavailable original name; gotoensis appears to be the earliest available name)

Subspecies

Aegista kobensis discus (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904)

Aegista kobensis gotoensis (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1902)

Aegista kobensis kobensis (Schmacker & O. Boettger, 1890)

Aegista kobensis koshikijimana (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904)

Aegista kobensis pertenuis (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904)

Aegista kobensis tsumiyamai Kuroda & T. Habe, 1951

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
Poricy Park
Poricy Park is a 250 acres (100 ha) nature preserve and park in Middletown Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey.   It is known for its Cretaceous period fossil shell beds along the Poricy Brook streambed, open to the public for limited collecting.   The park also contains a Nature Center and the Murray Farmhouse and Barn, a New Jersey Historic Site.

Pycnodonte
Pycnodonte is a genus of extinct oysters, fossil marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae, the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters.  Shells of species in this genus are found around the world in fossil shell beds from the Valanginian (140.2 Ma) to the Early Pleistocene (0.781 Ma).  They are a commonly found fossil in Cretaceous shellbeds of the Navesink Formation in New Jersey.
First You Build a Cloud
First You Build a Cloud is an album by guitarists Andy Summers and Ben Verdery on the Rare Recordings label. The album consists of twelve guitar duets, with Verdery on acoustic and Summers on electric.

Benjamin Verdery
Benjamin Verdery (born 1955) is an American classical guitarist, composer and teacher. Verdery has performed at venues including Carnegie Hall, Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), Lincoln Center, the Metropolitan Opera, and Wigmore Hall (London). He has played and recorded with a wide range of classical and other musicians, including guitarists William Coulter, Leo Kottke, Paco Peña, Andy Summers and John Williams, vocalist Hermann Prey, composer Anthony Newman, and his wife, flutist Rie Schmidt. New York Times classical music critic Allan Kozinn described Verdery as "one of the guitar’s grand individualists" and "an iconoclastic player," known as much for his devotion to new music and transcriptions of Jimi Hendrix songs as for inventive interpretations of Bach. As of 2021, Verdery had released 19 albums and been featured on several others. He has taught at the Yale School of Music since 1985.
Qu Yun (Jin dynasty)
Qu Yun (died c.18 December 316), was a military general of the Western Jin dynasty. He was a prominent member of the group from Anding who swore to restore the Jin Dynasty in northern China following the Disaster of Yongjia and was one of Emperor Min of Jin's closest advisors in resisting Han-Zhao. Despite the group's early success, the regime was short-lived as the lack of support and trust among themselves led to it eventually being overwhelmed by Han's forces in 316. After Emperor Min's surrender, Qu Yun killed himself while imprisoned.

Disaster of Yongjia
The Disaster of Yongjia (simplified Chinese: 永嘉之乱; traditional Chinese: 永嘉之亂) occurred in July 311 CE, when forces of the Han-Zhao dynasty captured and sacked Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin dynasty. The Han's army committed a massacre of the city's inhabitants, killing the Jin crown prince, a host of ministers, and over 30,000 civilians. They also burnt down the palaces and dug up the Jin dynasty's mausoleums. Though the Western Jin would survive for a few more years, this event is often seen as one of the worst disasters in Chinese history, as both the emperor and one of the ancient capitals fell to the hands of "barbarian" forces.
Al-Nu'man VI ibn al-Mundhir
Al-Nuʿmān ibn al-Mundhir (Arabic: النعمان بن المنذر), known in Byzantine sources as Naamanes (Greek: Νααμάνης) was a king of the Ghassanids, a Christian Arab tribe allied to the Byzantine Empire. The eldest son of al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, he rose in revolt with his tribe after his father was treacherously arrested by the Byzantines in 581. After two years of revolt, seeking to reconcile himself with the Empire, he visited the new emperor, Maurice (r. 582–602), at Constantinople. Refusing to renounce his Monophysite faith, he was arrested and exiled to Sicily, where his father had been banned earlier. This event marked the end of the Ghassanid control over the Byzantines' Arab foederati and the fragmentation of this strong buffer against invasions from the Bedouin tribes of the desert.

Monophysitism
Monophysitism (/məˈnɒfɪsaɪtɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-seye-tih-zəm) or monophysism (/məˈnɒfɪzɪzəm/ mə-NOF-ih-zih-zəm; from Greek μόνος monos, "solitary" and φύσις physis, "nature") is a Christological doctrine that states that there was only one nature—the divine—in the person of Jesus Christ, who was the incarnated Word. It is rejected as heretical by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Reformed Christianity (Calvinist), and all mainstream Protestant denominations, which hold to the dyophysitism of the 451 Council of Chalcedon—as well by Oriental Orthodoxy, which holds to miaphysitism.
Asenovo, Yambol Province
Asenovo (Bulgarian: Асеново) - a village in South-Eastern Bulgaria in the Yambol Province, in the Tundzha Municipality. According to the National Institute of Statistics, in the year of 2011, the village had 93 inhabitants. The Holy Assembly Council takes place on 24 May.

Yambol Province
42°25′N 26°31′E﻿ / ﻿42.417°N 26.517°E﻿ / 42.417; 26.517

Yambol (Bulgarian: област Ямбол, oblast Yambol, former name Yambol okrug) is a province in southeastern Bulgaria, neighbouring Turkey to the south. It is named after its main city Yambol, while other towns include Straldzha, Bolyarovo and Elhovo. The province embraces a territory of 3,355.5 km2 (1,295.6 sq mi) that is divided into five municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 138,429.
Loon Lake Mountains
Loon Lake Mountains are a pair of mountains, the tallest being 3,311-foot-tall (1,009 m), near Loon Lake in Franklin County, New York. On the summit is the Loon Lake Mountain Fire Observation Station, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

For a long time, Loon Lake Mountain was closed to the public and only accessible via rough terrain, but a 5.9 mile round-trip trail was opened to the public in 2013 and is being maintained by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation.

Franklin County, New York
Franklin County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. To the north across the Canada–United States border are the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, from east to west. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 47,555. Its county seat is Malone. The county is named in honor of the United States Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Franklin County comprises the Malone, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Much of Franklin County is within Adirondack Park. Within the border of the county is the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, or Akwesasne in the Mohawk language. Its population was nearly 3,300 in the 2010 census. The people are linked by community and history with the Mohawk of the Akwesasne reserve across the river, spanning the border of Quebec and Ontario. The Mohawk have had authority under the Jay Treaty to freely cross this international border.
2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup Magny-Cours round
The 2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup Magny-Cours round was a motor racing event for the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup, held on the weekend of 7 to 9 May 2021. The event was held on the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in Magny-Cours, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France and consisted of two races, both one hour in length. It was the first event in the 2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup and hosted Races 1 and 2 of the season.

GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup
The GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup is a sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) with the approval of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Born as the FIA GT Series in 2013, it was sponsored by Blancpain from 2014 to 2019, and was variously branded as the Blancpain Sprint Series in 2014 and 2015, the Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup from 2016 to 2018, and the Blancpain GT World Challenge Europe in 2019. In 2020, Amazon Web Services was named official presenter and the series was branded as "GT World Challenge Powered by AWS". Fanatec concurrently served as title sponsor between 2021 and 2024.

The championship now exclusively races in Europe, but had in previous years visited non-European countries, including Azerbaijan and Russia. The series continues the sprint format for GT-cars carried out by the defunct FIA GT1 World Championship.
Ted Sorensen (politician)
Edward John Sorensen (born 20 January 1953) is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal National Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2009 to 2020.

Sorensen attended public schools in Hervey Bay, and was elected to Hervey Bay City Council in 1994. In 2000 he became mayor, serving in that position until 2008, when he was selected as the Liberal National Party candidate for Hervey Bay for the 2009 state election. He was successful, achieving a large swing to defeat sitting Labor member and Bligh government Minister Andrew McNamara.

Much of Sorensen's time in parliament was in opposition but during the premiership of Campbell Newman he was Deputy Government Whip from 2012 to 2015.

Sorensen was re-elected in 2012, 2015 and 2017. He announced in May 2020 that he would retire from state politics at the 2020 Queensland state election in October.

2009 Queensland state election
The 2009 Queensland state election was held on 21 March 2009 to elect all 89 members of the Legislative Assembly, a unicameral parliament.

The election saw the incumbent Labor government led by Premier Anna Bligh defeat the Liberal National Party of Queensland led by Opposition Leader Lawrence Springborg, and gain a fifth consecutive term in office for her party. Bligh thus became the first female Premier of any Australian State elected in her own right.

This was the first election contested by the LNP following its creation with the merger of the National and Liberal parties.

The 2009 election marked the eighth consecutive victory of Labor in a general election since 1989, although it was out of office between 1996 and 1998 as a direct result of the 1996 Mundingburra by-election.
North Korea Uncovered
North Korea Uncovered is a comprehensive set of mappings of North Korea. It includes in-depth coverage of thousands of buildings, monuments, missile-storage facilities, mass graves, secret labor camps, palaces, restaurants, tourist sites, and main roads of the country, and even includes the entrance to the country's subterranean nuclear test base, the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center.

The mapping was the result of a two-year effort by doctoral student Curtis Melvin and other volunteers, who pored over hundreds of news reports, images, accounts, books, and maps in order to identify the geographic and political sites. The result has been called one of the most detailed maps of North Korea available to the public in 2009. It is available as a small KMZ file, viewable with Google Earth. Between April 2007 and April 2012, the data file was downloaded more than 270,000 times.

Keyhole Markup Language
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but KML support is now available in many GIS software applications, such as Marble, QGIS, and ArcGIS.
W. Wallace Cleland
William Wallace Cleland (January 6, 1930 – March 6, 2013, often cited as W. W. Cleland, and known almost universally as "Mo Cleland", was a University of Wisconsin-Madison biochemistry professor. His research was concerned with enzyme reaction mechanism and enzyme kinetics, especially multiple-substrate enzymes. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1985.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Rivière à Idas
The rivière à Idas (English: Idas River) is a tributary of the north bank of the upper part of the Bras du Nord-Ouest, flowing entirely in the town of Baie-Saint-Paul, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This valley is mainly served by a forest road going up the right bank of the watercourse, as well as by the chemin du rang de Saint-Placide Sud. Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the river in Idas is generally frozen from the beginning of December until the beginning of April; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March. The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood generally occurs in April.

Capitale-Nationale
Capitale-Nationale (French pronunciation: [kapital nɑsjɔnal]; English: National Capital region) is one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec. It is anchored by the provincial capital, Quebec City, and is largely coextensive with that city's metropolitan area. It has a land area of 18,684.78 km2. It reported a total resident population of 757,950 as of the 2021 Canadian census, with Quebec City having 77.7 percent of the total.

It was established in 1966 as one of the original administrative regions of Quebec. Prior to January 2000, it was known as the Québec administrative region.
Králík
Králík (or Králik, or Kralik, feminine: Králiková) is a Czech surname that literally means "rabbit" in Czech. Notable people with the surname include:

Csaba Králik (born 1992), Slovak football player

František Králík (1942–1974), Czechoslovak handball player

Jan Králík (born 1987), Czech footballer

Jean-Louis Kralik (1813–1892), French botanist

Jiří Králík (born 1952), Czechoslovak ice hockey player

Juraj Králik (1926-2012), Slovak diplomat and writer

Ľudmila Králiková (born 1953), Czech basketball player

Martin Králik (born 1995), Slovak footballer

Mathilde Kralik (1857–1944), Austrian composer

Zachary Kralik, fictional vampire in the Buffyverse

Jean-Louis Kralik
Jean-Louis Kralik (1813, Strasbourg – 1892, Tresserve) was a French botanist.

He worked as a professor in Strasbourg, and for a period of time was curator of Philip Barker Webb's herbarium. From 1855 to 1885 he was curator of Ernest Cosson's herbarium. As a botanical collector, he conducted extensive investigation of North African flora on expeditions to Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt. Kralik distributed herbarium specimens in several exsiccatae, among others Plantes Corses 1849, Reliquiae Mailleanae and Algae Schousboeanae.. The later two series distributed material collected by the botanists Alphonse Maille and Peter Schousboe.

The genus Kralikia (synonym Tripogon) was named in his honor by Cosson and Michel Charles Durieu de Maisonneuve.
Aralık District
Aralık District is a district of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Aralık. Its area is 852 km2, and its population is 20,133 (2022). Part of the district forms the international border between Turkey and Armenia, which has been closed since 1993, and the border between Turkey and Iran.

Iran–Turkey border
The Iran–Turkey border (Persian: مرز ترکیه و ایران; Turkish: İran–Türkiye sınırı) is 534 kilometres (332 miles) in length, and runs from the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the north to the tripoint with Iraq in the south. Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Iran will be a border neighbor with the European Union.
SG Records
SG Records was an Italian record label, predominantly producing heavy metal. It was founded in 2008 and is based in Monte San Giusto, Italy.
The recent discography includes the last works of the Brazilian guitarist Tiago Della Vega, the Italian heavy-rock trio Essenza, Alex Stornello, Daniele Liverani

Monte San Giusto
Monte San Giusto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Ancona and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Macerata.

Monte San Giusto borders the following municipalities: Corridonia, Monte San Pietrangeli, Montegranaro, Morrovalle.

Among the churches in Monte San Giusto are:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Telusiano

Chiesa Collegiata di Santo Stefano

Santa Maria delle Panette
Self-Efficacy (book)
Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control is a psychology book written by Albert Bandura in 1997 on self-efficacy, i.e. a person's belief in their own competence. The book addresses issues ranging from theoretical discussions to developmental analyses. Translations have been published in Chinese, French, Italian, and Korean.

The book has been reviewed and discussed in several professional social science journals,
and widely cited in the professional literatures of psychology, sociology, medicine, and management.

Personnel psychology
Personnel psychology is a subfield of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology . Personnel psychology is the area of I-O psychology that primarily deals with the recruitment, selection and evaluation of personnel, and with other job aspects such as morale, job satisfaction, and relationships between managers and workers in the workplace.  It is the field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees; this area of psychology deals with job analysis and defines and measures job performance, performance appraisal, employment testing, employment interviews, personnel selection and employee training, and human factors and ergonomics.