hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mean free path
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.

Attenuation
In physics, attenuation is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates.

Hearing protectors help reduce acoustic flux from flowing into the ears. This phenomenon is called acoustic attenuation and is measured in decibels (dBs).

In electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in air. Electrical attenuators and optical attenuators are commonly manufactured components in this field.
Fractional anisotropy
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. FA is a measure often used in diffusion imaging where it is thought to reflect fiber density, axonal diameter, and myelination in white matter. The FA is an extension of the concept of eccentricity of conic sections in 3 dimensions, normalized to the unit range.

White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions.

White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. It appears pinkish-white to the naked eye otherwise, because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries.
Flossmoor Country Club
Flossmoor Golf Club is a private country club located in Bloom Township, Cook County, just outside the village limits of Flossmoor, Illinois. Founded in 1899 as Homewood Country Club and designed by Herbert J. Tweedie, its name was later changed to Flossmoor.

The club hosted the PGA Championship in 1920, which Jock Hutchison won. Flossmoor also was host to the 1923 U.S. Amateur Championship.

Bobby Jones held the course record for over 60 years. Jones often played Midwest courses during World War II in an attempt to help raise money for the American Red Cross. Jones's feat occurred after making a triple bogey and then following it up with eight consecutive 3's for a course record of 66. This record held until 1996, when a member, Mark Egge, broke it with a 65.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Phoolchand Bhinda
Phoolchand Bhinda is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party and a former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly who represented the Viratnagar Assembly constituency of Rajasthan from 2008 to 2018.

Viratnagar Assembly constituency
Viratnagar Nagar Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It comprises Viratnagar tehsil and parts of Kotputli and Shahpura tehsils, all in Jaipur district. It is a segment of the Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency and it came into existence after the 2008 delimitation exercise.

As of 2023, it is represented by Kuldeep Dhankad of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Rancho Huasna
Rancho Huasna was a 22,153-acre (89.65 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Luis Obispo County, California given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Isaac J. Sparks.  The grant extended along the Huasna River and the western slope of the Santa Lucia Range, east of present-day Arroyo Grande and encompassing Huasna.

Huasna River
The Huasna River is a stream in the Central Coast region of California, and is a tributary of the Cuyama River. It is formed by the confluence of Trout Creek and Stony Creek, which originate along the crest of the Santa Lucia Range in the Los Padres National Forest. It flows south, past the community of Huasna and the Huasna Valley before reaching Twitchell Reservoir, which is created by a dam along the Cuyama River.

Like most other streams in this part of California, the Huasna River is usually dry, with significant flows only during the winter and early spring. During rare high water levels of Twitchell Reservoir, the lower part of the Huasna Valley may be flooded.
Rob Hayles
Robert John Hayles (born 21 January 1973) is an English track and road racing cyclist, who rode for Great Britain and England on the track and several professional teams on the road. Hayles competed in the team pursuit and Madison events, until his retirement in 2011. He now occasionally provides studio-based analysis of cycle races for British Eurosport.

British Cycling National Track Championships
The British National Track Championships are a Track cycling event held annually and organised by the national governing body for track cycling (and other forms of cycling) in Great Britain, British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation). The main events are various track cycling disciplines for elite athletes to determine the British national champions. However, competitions are also held in age-grade and disability/para-cycling categories. Winners receive a national champions jersey consisting of a white jersey with blue and red bands, which they are entitled to wear any time the contest the same event during that year.
Oleksandr Usyk vs Anthony Joshua II
Oleksandr Usyk vs. Anthony Joshua II, billed as Rage on the Red Sea, was a heavyweight professional boxing match between WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, and IBO heavyweight champion, Oleksandr Usyk, and former heavyweight champion, Anthony Joshua. The bout took place on 20 August 2022 at King Abdullah Sports City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Usyk won the 12-round bout by split decision, with scores of 116–112 and 115–113 in his favour, and 115–113 in favour of Joshua.

Anthony Joshua
Anthony Oluwafemi Olaseni "AJ" Joshua (born 15 October 1989) is a British professional boxer. He held the unified heavyweight championship twice between 2017 and 2021. He also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) title during his reigns as champion. At regional level, he held the British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles from 2015 to 2016.

As an amateur, Joshua represented England at the 2011 World Championships, winning the super-heavyweight silver medal. He also represented Great Britain at the 2012 Olympics, winning gold. In 2014, a year after turning professional, he was named Prospect of the Year by The Ring magazine.

In 2017, his victorious fight against Wladimir Klitschko was named Fight of the Year by The Ring and the Boxing Writers Association of America.
Raymond Wladichuk
Raymond Wladichuk (born November 7, 1987) is a Canadian former professional football defensive back. He most recently played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Tiger-Cats in the 2009 CFL draft with the 38th pick in the fifth round, but returned to play with the Simon Fraser Clan after attending Hamilton's 2009 training camp.

Simon Fraser Red Leafs
The SFU Red Leafs or Simon Fraser Red Leafs teams (formerly the Simon Fraser Clan) represent Simon Fraser University (SFU), which is located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. The Red Leafs are members of NCAA Division II and are the only Canadian or non-American university affiliated with the U.S.-based National Collegiate Athletic Association. The teams previously used the nicknames "Clan" and "Clansmen," which were used as a tribute to the Scottish heritage of the university's namesake, Simon Fraser. The names were retired in 2020 due to the negative connotation surrounding those terms. In September 2022, the updated nickname "Red Leafs" was announced.

In November 2025, SFU announced that it will seek readmission to U Sports, citing financial and logistical constraints for the decision. If the application is successful, The Red Leafs will leave the NCAA and U.S. competition at the end of the 2026–27 season.
Ruttan
Ruttan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Edwin Ruttan (1884–1939), Canadian-born painter

Deric Ruttan (born 1972), Canadian country music artist from Bracebridge, Ontario

Henry Norlande Ruttan (1848–1925), Canadian engineer and Canadian Army Officer

Henry Ruttan (1792–1871), businessman, inventor and politician figure in Upper Canada

Jack Ruttan (1889–1973), Canadian amateur ice hockey player and coach

James Farrand Ruttan (1850–1904), real estate agent and politician in Ontario

John Paul Ruttan (born 2001), Canadian child actor, played Joe in the film This Means War

Robert Fulford Ruttan, FRSC (1856–1930), Canadian chemist and university professor

Susan Ruttan (born 1948), American actress

Vernon Wesley Ruttan (1924–2008), development economist at the University of Minnesota

Deric Ruttan
Deric J. Ruttan (born January 27, 1972) is a Canadian country music singer, songwriter and record producer from Bracebridge, Ontario, Canada.  A Nashville, Tennessee resident, he has released four studio albums and has written or co-written more than 60 songs that have been recorded by other recording artists.
Ernest Leslie Peake
Ernest Leslie Peake JP (23 March 1905 – 3 July 1978) was a chartered accountant and the first chairman of the Central Provident Fund Board, after the scheme officially started.

Peake was the chairman of Fraser and Neave and Children's Aid Society Singapore (1955–1957). He also served as a director for United Engineers and Malayan Breweries.

Heineken Asia Pacific
Heineken Asia Pacific, formerly Asia Pacific Breweries (APB)  is a Singaporean brewery company. Founded in 1931 as a joint venture between Heineken International and Fraser and Neave, it was renamed Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) in 1989 and given its present name after merging with Heineken Asia Pacific in 2013.

Headquartered in Singapore, it currently controls 45 breweries in 19 countries in the Asia Pacific region, selling over 50 beer brands and variants. It is wholly owned by parent company Heineken International.
2025 Swiss Open Gstaad
The 2025 Swiss Open Gstaad (also known as the EFG Swiss Open Gstaad for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 57th edition of the Swiss Open, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments of the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 14 through 20 July 2025.

Dominic Stricker
Dominic Stephan Stricker (Swiss Standard German: [ˈʃtrɪkər]; born 16 August 2002) is a Swiss professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 88 achieved on 2 October 2023 and a best doubles ranking of No. 161 reached on 27 June 2022.

Stricker has won two ATP Tour titles in doubles. He represents Switzerland at the Davis Cup.
Temenothyra
Temenothyra (Ancient Greek: Τημενοθύρα), or Temenothyrae or Temenothyrai (Ancient Greek: Τημενοθύραι or Τημένου θύραι, romanized: Temenou Thyrae, Temenouthyrai), was a town of ancient Lydia, or of Phrygia, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times. It became a bishopric; no longer the seat of a residential bishop, under the name Temenothyrae it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Uşak in Asiatic Turkey.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Luc Provençal
Luc Provençal is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Beauce-Nord as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec.

Prior to his election to the legislature, Provençal was the mayor of Beauceville.

Beauce-Nord
Beauce-Nord (French pronunciation: [bos nɔʁ]) is a provincial electoral district in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It includes notably the municipalities of Sainte-Marie, Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Beauceville, Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce and Saint-Isidore.

It was created along with Beauce-Sud for the 1973 election from parts of Beauce. It also took parts from Dorchester and Lévis electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged.
Udgharsha
Udgharsha is a 2019 Indian Kannada- language action thriller film, written and directed by Sunil Kumar Desai. The film is produced by Devaraj under the banner D Creations and is touted to be a suspense thriller. The film stars Thakur Anoop Singh, Sai Dhanshika, Kishore,
Tanya Hope, Kabir Duhan Singh, Shraddha Das and Harshika Poonacha.

The film was also dubbed in Telugu and Malayalam with the same title and in Tamil language as Uchakattam.

Tanya Hope
Tanya Hope is an Indian actress and model who acts in Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil films. Hope started modeling and became Miss India Kolkata 2015. She was a finalist of Femina Miss India 2015. She debuted in 2016 with the Telugu film Appatlo Okadundevadu.
St. Xavier's College, Simdega
St. Xavier's College in Simdega is a Liberal arts college in India. The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-century Spanish Jesuit saint.

The college was established and founded in the year 2016 which being the realisation of the vision of Belgian Jesuits, Father Jan-Baptist Stockman, Father Luis Cardon S.J. and Father Constant Lievens, who brought the Society of Jesus to Chota Nagpur Division of British India in 1869.

The college is run by Indian Jesuits, with special consideration to Catholic students. It offers undergraduate courses in Humanities and Commerce.

Chota Nagpur Division
The Chota Nagpur Division was one of the administrative divisions established under British rule. Under Act XX of 1854, the South West Frontier Agency was renamed a Commissionary, with the Political Agent becoming the Commissioner and the Assistant Political Agent designated as the Deputy Commissioner. As a result, the head of the Agency became the Commissioner of Chota Nagpur Division, shaping its colonial administration.
Matthew 7:16
Matthew 7:16 is the sixteenth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues the section warning against false prophets.

Sermon on the Mount
The Sermon on the Mount (translated from Vulgate Latin section title Sermo in monte) is a collection of sayings spoken by Jesus of Nazareth found in chapters 5, 6, and 7 of the Gospel of Matthew that summarizes his moral teachings. It is the first of five discourses in the Gospel and has been one of the most widely quoted sections of the Gospels.
Dead Woman's Ditch
Dead Woman's Ditch is an earthwork which has been scheduled as an ancient monument in Over Stowey, Somerset, England situated on the Quantock Hills.

A linear earthwork consisting of a bank with a ditch along the west side running for approximately 950 metres (3,120 ft) from a spring known as Lady's Fountain across Robin Uprights Hill and down into Ramscombe. The earthwork is presumed to be of prehistoric origin and is of unknown purpose, but has been linked to Dowsborough.

The 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long earthwork has been cut through by later tracks and a road. It is badly eroded in places and is on the Heritage at Risk Register. Part of the earthwork is on land owned by the Forestry Commission.

Dead Woman's Ditch is sometimes associated with the murder of Jane Walford by her husband John in 1789 but the name predates the murder, appearing on an earlier map. In 1988 the body of Shirley Banks was found 1 mile from the site; John Cannan was found guilty of her murder.

Over Stowey
Over Stowey is a small village and civil parish in Somerset, South West England. A large part of the forest and open heath of the Quantock Hills is within the parish and it includes the hamlets of Plainsfield, Aley, Adscombe, Friarn and Bincombe. It is adjacent to Nether Stowey, 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Bridgwater.
WYDN
WYDN (channel 48) is a religious television station licensed to Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, broadcasting the Daystar Television Network to the Boston area. It is owned and operated by the Educational Public TV Corporation, a subsidiary of Daystar sister company Word of God Fellowship, Inc. WYDN's studios are co-located with those of local public access channel Dedham TV on Sprague Street in Dedham, and it shares spectrum with Concord, New Hampshire–licensed Ion Television station WPXG-TV (channel 21), transmitting from Fort Mountain near Epsom, New Hampshire.

Public-access television
Public-access television (sometimes called community-access television) is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable television specialty channels. Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns (Alternate Media Center), and Sidney Dean (City Club of NY).

Public-access television is often grouped with public, educational, and government access television channels, under the acronym PEG.
Cwench All Canadian Games
The Cwench All Canadian Games are a pair of annual all-star basketball games, each featuring rosters composed of Canada's top senior high school players for that school year. Both games are played as a doubleheader; the first game featuring the top senior girls, followed by the second game featuring the top senior boys.

Athlete Institute
The Athlete Institute is an athletic centre located in Mono, Ontario. It is made up of three facilities, the training centre, residence and the fieldhouse. The Institute is home to The Orangeville Prep Basketball Academy,  who compete in the Ontario Scholastic Basketball Association (OSBA). Orangeville District Secondary School provides academic instruction for the institute's students. As well as home to By Design Learning Centre, CrossFit Orangeville, Purple Owl Pilates and Athlete Institute Football Club. (AIFC) It was formerly home to the Orangeville A's of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBLC).
Afloat (Maupassant)
Afloat (French: Sur l'eau) is an 1888 story by Guy De Maupassant. Ostensibly it is a logbook of a nine-day cruise along the côte d’Azur. The French original was given illustrations by Édouard Riou who the previous year had illustrated Alexandre Dumas' Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (1887), and would also illustrate Maupassant's Un soir (1889). These illustrations, as engraved by the Guillaume brothers, were also included in the English translation by Laura Ensor published by Routledge in 1889. A new translation by Douglas Parmée appeared in 2009.

Guy de Maupassant
Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (UK: /ˈmoʊpæsɒ̃/, US: /ˈmoʊpəsɒnt, ˌmoʊpəˈsɒ̃/; French: [ɡi d(ə) mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a master of the short story, as well as a representative of the naturalist school, depicting human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and his stories are characterized by economy of style and efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many are set during the Franco-Prussian War of the 1870s, describing the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. His first published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered his most famous work.
Center for Women's Justice
The Center for Women's Justice (Hebrew: מרכז צדק לנשים, romanized: Merkaz Tzedek LeNashim) is a public interest law firm devoted to advancing and protecting the rights of women to justice, equality and dignity under Jewish law in Israel. CWJ is a member organization of ICAR, the International Coalition for Agunah Rights.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
2011 Assen Superleague Formula round
The 2011 Assen Superleague Formula round, also referred to as the 2011 Superleague Formula GP Holland, was a Superleague Formula round  held on June 5, 2011, at the TT Circuit Assen, Assen, Netherlands. It was the second ever round at the Assen circuit, following a round in 2010. It was the first round, or 'Grand Prix', of the 2011 Superleague Formula season.

Fourteen cars took part, however only six sported the liveries of football clubs as per Superleague Formula tradition. The rest were branded with the colours of particular nations. Two cars from the Netherlands took part: PSV Eindhoven and Team Netherlands.

Support races included the Dutch Supercar Challenge, Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup, the German Formula Three Championship and Superkart racing.

PSV Eindhoven (Superleague Formula team)
PSV Eindhoven Superleague Formula team was the racing team of PSV Eindhoven, a football team that competes in the Netherlands in the Eredivisie. The PSV Eindhoven racing team competed in the Superleague Formula. It had been operated by Azerti Motorsport for all seasons.