hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heliconius hecuba
Heliconius hecuba, the Hecuba longwing, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It lives at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 2400 m in cloud forests in the northern Andes from Colombia to Ecuador.

The butterfly is named for Hecuba, the wife of King Priam of ancient Troy.

The larvae feed on plants from the genus Granadilla.

Hecuba
In Greek mythology, Hecuba (/ˈhɛkjʊbə/; also Hecabe; Ancient Greek: Ἑκάβη, romanized: Hekábē, pronounced [hekábɛ:]) was the wife of King Priam and queen of Troy during the Trojan War. With Priam, she was the mother of the warriors Hector and Troilus; Helen's suitor Paris; and the prophetess Cassandra.
Som-class submarine
The Som class (Russian: Сом, lit. 'catfish') were a series of submarines built for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1904–1907. They were designed by the Electric Boat Company and ordered in the 1904 emergency programme at the time of the Russo-Japanese War. The boats were built in St. Petersburg and were designed to be transportable by train. The first boat, Som, was originally Fulton, an experimental submarine that was the prototype for USS Plunger and subsequent Plunger-class submarines. The vessel was sold and delivered to Russia in sections and re-assembled in St. Petersburg.

USS Plunger (SS-2)
USS Plunger/A-1 (SS-2) was one of the earliest submarines of the United States Navy. She was the lead boat of Plunger class and later renamed A-1 when she was designated an A-type submarine. She is not to be confused with the experimental submarine Plunger (1897) which was evaluated by the US Navy from 1898 to 1900, but not accepted or commissioned.
Suematsu Kenchō
Viscount Suematsu Kenchō (末松 謙澄; 30 September 1855 – 5 October 1920) was a Japanese politician, intellectual and author who lived in the Meiji and Taishō periods. Apart from his activity in the Japanese government, he also wrote several important works on Japan in English. He was portrayed in a negative manner in Ryōtarō Shiba's novel Saka no ue no kumo.

Taishō era
The Taishō era (大正時代, Taishō jidai; [taiɕoː dʑidai] ⓘ) was a period in the history of Japan dating from July 30, 1912 to December 25, 1926, coinciding with the reign of Emperor Taishō. The new emperor brought on the shift in political power from the old oligarchic group of elder statesmen (or genrō) to the Imperial Diet of Japan and the democratic parties. Thus, the era is considered the time of the liberal movement known as Taishō Democracy; it is usually distinguished from the preceding chaotic Meiji era and the following militaristic-driven first part of the Shōwa era.
Favorite (Loona song)
"Favorite" (stylized as "favOriTe") is the debut single released by South Korean girl group Loona. It was released on August 7, 2018, by Blockberry Creative as a digital single. This was their first release as a full twelve-member group.

Blockberry Creative
Blockberry Creative (Korean: 블록베리크리에이티브; stylized as BlockBerry Creative) was a South Korean record label formed in 2016. It was a subsidiary of Polaris Entertainment. The label previously managed soloist Sunye and the girl group Loona.
UnixWare NonStop Clusters
NonStop Clusters (NSC) was an add-on package for SCO UnixWare that allowed creation of fault-tolerant single-system image clusters of machines running UnixWare. NSC was one of the first commercially available highly available clustering solutions for commodity hardware.

Commodity computing
Commodity computing (also known as commodity cluster computing) involves the use of large numbers of already-available computing components for parallel computing, to get the greatest amount of useful computation at low cost. This is a useful alternative to high-cost superminicomputers or boutique computers. Commodity computers are computer systems - manufactured by multiple vendors - incorporating components based on open standards.
2005 Supersport World Championship
The 2005 Supersport World Championship was the seventh FIM Supersport World Championship season—the tenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. The season started on 26 February at Losail and finished on 9 October at Magny-Cours after 12 races.

Sébastien Charpentier won the title after beating closest rival Kevin Curtain.

Lusail International Circuit
The Lusail International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة لوسيل الدولية, sometimes rendered Losail International Circuit) is a motor racing circuit located just outside the city of Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar. The track is 5.419 km (3.367 mi) in length, with a main straight of 1.068 km (0.664 mi). The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license. It is surrounded by artificial grass intended to stop the sand encroaching on the track.
Fang (town)
Fang (Thai: ฝาง), officially Wiang Fang Subdistrict Municipality (เทศบาลตำบลเวียงฝาง; wiang means 'walled city' or 'town'), is a town in the northern Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, the capital of Fang District. It is 154 kilometres (96 mi) north of Chiang Mai, among the highest mountains in the country.

Chiang Mai province
Chiang Mai is the largest province (changwat) of Thailand by area. It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang and Lamphun to the south, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north. The capital, Chiang Mai, is 685 kilometres (426 mi) north of Bangkok.
Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet
Sir Edmund Trelawny Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (20 October 1873 – 8 January 1944) was a British oriental scholar, Sinologist, and linguist whose books exerted a powerful influence on the Western view of the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). Since his death, however, it has been established that the major source of his China Under the Empress Dowager, Diary of His Excellency Ching Shan, is a forgery, most likely by Backhouse himself.

His biographer, Hugh Trevor-Roper, unmasked Backhouse as "a confidence man with few equals", who had also duped the British government, Oxford University, the American Bank Note Company and John Brown & Company. Derek Sandhaus, the editor of Backhouse's memoirs Décadence Mandchoue, argues that they are also an undoubted confabulation but contain plausible recollections of scenes and details.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Buddy Isles Jr.
Buddy Isles Jr. (born 1989 or 1990) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the zMAX CARS Tour, driving the No. 11 Chevrolet for Vandyke Racing Performance. Isles races the No. 11 as a tribute to the "Flying No. 11" previously driven by Ray Hendrick.

Isles previously worked as a fabricator for ThorSport Racing and the No. 88 driven by Matt Crafton in 2015, and is the owner of Buddy Isles Tire and Automotive.

Isles has also competed in series such as the Virginia Late Model Triple Crown Series, the I-95 Late Model Challenge, the Ultimate Street Stock East Region, and the NASCAR Weekly Series.

NASCAR Local Racing Series
The NASCAR Local Racing Series Powered by O'Reilly Auto Parts (formerly the Advanced Auto Parts Weekly Series, Whelen All-American Series, Winston Racing Series and the Dodge Weekly Series) is a points championship for NASCAR-sanctioned local short-track motor racing in the United States and Canada.

NASCAR has organized its in several ways over the decades—initially by geographical proximity to develop regional champions, then randomly among four divisions, and currently by states that have tracks participating.
The Taming of Chance
The Taming of Chance is a 1990 book about the history of probability written by the philosopher Ian Hacking. First published by Cambridge University Press, it is a sequel to Hacking's The Emergence of Probability (1975). The book received positive reviews.

History of probability
Probability has a dual aspect: on the one hand the likelihood of hypotheses given the evidence for them, and on the other hand the behavior of stochastic processes such as the throwing of dice or coins. The study of the former is historically older in, for example, the law of evidence, while the mathematical treatment of dice began with the work of Cardano, Pascal, Fermat and Christiaan Huygens between the 16th and 17th century.

Probability deals with random experiments with a known distribution, Statistics deals with inference from the data about the unknown distribution.
Sierra Vista Herald
The Sierra Vista Herald / Bisbee Daily Review is a newspaper printed in Sierra Vista, Arizona, United States. Most of its circulation goes to Sierra Vista, Huachuca City, Hereford, Palominas, and Fort Huachuca. It is also circulated in Bisbee.

Bisbee, Arizona
Bisbee is a city in and the county seat of Cochise County in southeastern Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 4,923, down from 5,575 in the 2010 census.
Raksila
Raksila is a District of the city centre area of Oulu, Finland. It is bounded by the Oulu railway station to the west, the Oulu Cemetery in the Intiö district to the north, the Finnish national road 4 to the east and the Finnish national road 22 to the south.

The western part of Raksila is mainly residential area with some high-rise apartment buildings and a few blocks of older wooden townhouses. The eastern part is the Raksila Sports Center with Oulu Ice Hall, Oulu Swimming Pool, Ouluhalli indoor arena, Oulu datacenter stadium for Pesäpallo and other sports facilities, one which is Raksila Artificial Ice Rink, the main venue of the 2001 Bandy World Championship. The Välkkylä student apartments located in the district were built in 1966.

Intiö
Intiö is a district of the city centre area of Oulu, Finland. It is located on the southern bank of the Oulu River in between Myllytulli and Värttö districts.

Most of the area in Intiö is taken by the old military barracks area, which is nowadays used by Luovi Vocational College, and the Oulu Cemetery. New apartment blocks have been built along the riverside. The Intiö water tower, designed by architect J. S. Sirén, is a prominent landmark of Intiö.
Sum(me:r)
Sum(me:r) is the ninth extended play by South Korean boy group Pentagon. The album was released on July 17, 2019 by Cube Entertainment under Kakao M distribution. Member Yan An did not participate in the activities for health reasons.

The song was released through several music portals, including MelOn, iTunes, and Spotify.

In September, 2020, "Humph" went viral on social media and internet communities. A Korean news outlet called the song "perfect for the COVID-19 pandemic situation." The lyrics "Do not cross the line Stop / No access to there are no access / Oh you have crossed the line right now / Oh, please keep it" evoke messaging from social distancing campaigns. This resulted in the rapid increasing of the number of direct cam videos and music videos from the "Humph" music broadcast on YouTube.

This album's title Sum(me:r) represents 'me' (Pentagon) being put in the sum function along with the letter 'r' which stands for "romance, rock n' roll, relax, and role".

Yan An (entertainer)
Yan An (Chinese: 闫桉; Korean: 옌안; born October 25, 1996), is a Chinese actor and singer. He debuted as a vocalist of the South Korean boy group Pentagon in October 2016. In addition to his musical activities, he made his acting debut in the Chinese drama Use for My Talent (2021). He is best known for his role as Li Lun in Fangs of Fortune (2024).
Senafe
Senafe (Arabic: صنعفى, ) is a market town in southern Eritrea, on the edge of the Eritrean Highlands ሶይራ. The name Sanafe driven from [Sana-feen] yemeni words.The surrounding area is inhabited by the Saho people and the Tigrinya people. It's well known for its cultural and religious historical background, as well as for the ruins of Metera (also known as Balaw Kalaw), Qohayto to the south, and Kaskase to the north.

The soil in the is derived from volcanic ignimbrite, and Senafe sits on the southeastern edge of a twenty kilometer wide caldera.

Tigrinya people
The Tigrinya people (Tigrinya: ትግርኛ, romanized: Təgrəñña, pronounced [tɨɡrɨɲːä] ⓘ), also known as the Biher-Tigrinya (ብሄረ ትግርኛ, bəherä Təgrəñña) or Kebessa, are a Tigrinya-speaking ethnic group indigenous to the highlands of Eritrea, specifically the historical provinces of Hamasien, Akele Guzai and Seraye.
Rebecca Cleary
Rebecca Cleary (née Wakim; born 5 August 1972) is a former Australian rugby union player. She made her test debut for Australia against the Black Ferns in 1996 in Sydney. She represented Australia at the 1998 and 2002 Rugby World Cup's.

In 2000, Cleary played for the Lady Waratahs team against the Auckland Storm in a Super 12 curtain raiser at Eden Park.

She was inducted into the NSW Waratahs inaugural Hall of Fame in June 2024.

New South Wales Waratahs
The New South Wales Waratahs (/ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/;), often referred to as the Waratahs, are an Australian professional rugby union team based in Sydney that represents the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. The Waratahs play their home games at the new Sydney Football Stadium.
Xylophanes colinae
Xylophanes colinae is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from Ecuador, French Guiana and Venezuela.

The wingspan is 72–78 mm.

Adults are probably on wing year-round.

The larvae possibly feed on Psychotria panamensis, Psychotria nervosa and Pavonia guanacastensis.

Psychotria nervosa
Psychotria nervosa, also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles "the true coffee bean" in shape and attract birds. Its maximum height ranges from approximately 4–10 feet.

Despite its common name of wild coffee, this species is not known to contain any caffeine. In recounting anecdotes from others, the Florida ethnobotanist, Dan Austin, reported that the use of the seeds as a coffee substitute resulted in "only bad taste and terrible headaches." A similar account reported no known usage as a coffee substitute in Jamaica and noted the morphological similarity of its seed to coffee, the more likely reason for its common name being wild coffee. Reports of DMT in this species are also unsubstantiated.
USS Morris (1778)
USS Morris was a 24-gun frigate of the Continental Navy in commission from 1778 to 1779. She was named for Founding Father, Continental Congressman, and a major financier of the American Revolution, Robert Morris.

During the American Revolutionary War a party twenty-nine men of the 13th Virginia Regiment led by James Willing departed Fort Pitt and traveled down the Mississippi river where they captured the British ship Rebecca moored at Fort Bute. Oliver Pollock, the American commercial agent at New Orleans who had charge of naval affairs on the Mississippi during the American Revolution, purchased Rebecca for the Continental Congress. The ship was renamed Morris and was manned and converted to a Man-of-war under the command of Captain William Pickles.

A severe hurricane destroyed Morris on 18 August 1779, causing the loss of 11 of her crew.

Oliver Pollock
Oliver Pollock (1737, Bready, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland – December 17, 1823, Pinckneyville, Mississippi) was a merchant and financier of the American Revolutionary War, of which he has long been considered a historically undervalued figure. He is often credited with inventing the U.S. Dollar sign in 1778.
Posyolok imeni Vorovskogo
Posyolok imeni Vorovskogo (Russian: Посёлок имени Воровского) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Moshokskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,048 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.

Sudogodsky District
Sudogodsky District (Russian: Судого́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,616 square kilometers (624 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sudogda. Population: 35,529 (2021 Census); 41,177 (2010 Census); 44,429 (2002 Census); 45,946 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sudogda accounts for 29.3% of the district's total population.
Magnolia Cemetery (Hartsville, South Carolina)
Magnolia Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina.  It was established in 1917, and is a 23-acre cemetery characterized by narrow and gently curving streets and by landscaping which includes an avenue of cedars lining the entrance drive and magnolias lining the streets which form the historic core of the cemetery. The historic portion, approximately 14.5 acres, includes approximately 2,000 graves dating from about 1920 to the mid-20th century.

It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Hartsville, South Carolina
Hartsville is the largest city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. It was chartered on December 11, 1891. As of the 2020 census, Hartsville had a population of 7,446. Hartsville was chosen as an All-America City in 1996 and again in 2016.  Hartsville has also been a National Arbor Day Foundation Tree City since 1986.

Hartsville is home of Coker University and a branch of Florence–Darlington Technical College. It is also the home of the South Carolina Governor's School for Science and Mathematics, a public boarding high school.

The city is served by the Hartsville Regional Airport.

Hartsville is home to several major corporations including Sonoco Products Company, Duke Energy's H. B. Robinson Nuclear Generating Station, Novolex, and Stingray Boats.
Savarkar (surname)
Savarkar, also spelled as Sawarkar, is an Indian surname. It is primarily associated with Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883–1966), an Indian politician and ideologue who had formulated the Hindutva ideology in 1922.

Other notable figures with the surname include:

Ganesh Damodar Savarkar (1879–1945), Indian politician and Hindutva activist

Himani Savarkar (1947–2015), Indian politician and Hindutva activist

Jayant Savarkar (1936–2023), Indian actor

Randhir Pralhadrao Sawarkar (born 1973), Indian politician

Savindra Sawarkar (born 1962), Indian artist

Tekchand Sawarkar, Indian politician

Savindra Sawarkar
Savindra Sawarkar (born 1961) (also known as Savi Sawarkar) is an Indian artist, known for his use of Buddhist imagery and Dalit subjectivity. He has developed a distinct pictorial language over the course of his 40-year career, drawing from BR Ambedkar's political philosophy, neo-Buddhist imagery, and his own experiences as a Dalit.
John F. Kennedy Supreme Court candidates
Although he was president for less than three years, John F. Kennedy appointed two men to the Supreme Court of the United States: Byron White and Arthur Goldberg. Given the advanced age of Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter at the time of Kennedy's inauguration, speculation abounded over potential Kennedy nominations to the Supreme Court from the start of his presidency.

United States Secretary of Labor
The United States secretary of labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all other issues involving any form of business-person controversies.

Formerly, there was a Department of Commerce and Labor. That department split into two in 1913. The Department of Commerce is headed by the secretary of commerce.

Secretary of labor is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule, thus earning a salary of $221,400 as of January 2021.

Lori Chavez-DeRemer has been appointed as secretary since March 11, 2025 by President Donald Trump.
Zoltán Pál Dienes
Zoltán Pál Dienes (Hungarian: [ˈzoltaːn ˈpaːl ˈdijɛnɛʃ]; September 11, 1916 – January 11, 2014), anglicized as Zoltan Paul Dienes, was a Hungarian mathematician whose ideas on education (especially of small children) have been popular in some countries.
He was a world-famous theorist and tireless practitioner of the "new mathematics": an approach to mathematics learning that uses games, songs, and dance to make it more appealing to children. He is credited with the creation of base ten blocks, popularly referred to as Dienes blocks.

Dienes's life and ideas are described in his autobiography, Memoirs of a Maverick Mathematician (ISBN 1844261921), and his book of mathematical games, I Will Tell You Algebra Stories You've Never Heard Before (ISBN 1844261913). He has also published a book of poetry, Calls from the Past (ISBN 1844261905).

His later life contributions have been chronicled by Bharath Sriraman in the second monograph of The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Kosmos 357
Kosmos 357 (Russian: Космос 357 meaning Cosmos 357), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.40, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1970 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 325-kilogram (717 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.

Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill kinetic vehicles, which may also have self-maneuvering capabilities.

Tactical systems are widely deployed to counter short and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that carry conventional warheads.

Strategic systems, deployed by the United States, Russia, China, and Israel, are capable of intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically used to carry strategic nuclear warheads. During the Cold War, the 1972 ABM Treaty limited the nuclear arms race; excessive ICBM production would have been favoured to overwhelm ABM systems. For modern strategic systems, Russia's ABMs are the only ones that are themselves armed with nuclear warheads.