hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manuchehr Ashtiani
Manuchehr Ashtiani  (Persian:  منوچهر آشتیانی;  October 11, 1930– September 29 , 2020) was an Iranian sociologist and neo-Marxist, a former member of the Tudeh Party of Iran, and a researcher in philosophy. He was the nephew of Nima Youshij and a descendant of Mirza Hasan Ashtiani. Ashtiani graduated from the doctoral program at Heidelberg University in 1971. After a prolonged illness, he died on September 29 , 2020.

Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
Mirza Hasan Ashtiani (Persian: میرزا حسن آشتیانی), commonly known by the bestowed title Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (Persian: مستوفی‌الممالک, lit. 'Chancellor of the Realm'; 5 October 1871 – 10 August 1932) was an Iranian politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of Iran on six occasions from 1910 to 1927.
Mynydd Marchywel
Mynydd Marchywel is a 418-metre (1,371 ft) high hill in the Neath Port Talbot area in South Wales. Its summit is marked both by a cairn and a trig point. The larger part of the hill is cloaked in modern forestry through which numerous streams fall away westward to the River Tawe, eastward to the River Dulais and southward into the Clydach, the latter two being tributaries of the River Neath.

River Neath
River Neath (Welsh: Afon Nedd) is a river in south Wales running south west from the point at which its headwaters arising in the Brecon Beacons National Park converge to its mouth at Baglan Bay below Briton Ferry on the east side of Swansea Bay.
SJ F
Littera F was a class of electric locomotives operated by the Swedish state railways (SJ) between 1942 and 1983. Twenty-four F-locomotives were constructed and delivered between 1942 and 1949. The design was a rigid-framed locomotive with quill drive and the axle arrangement 1′Do1′, inspired by the German type E 18. The F-locomotives pulled express passenger trains and express freight trains.

Rigid-framed electric locomotive
Rigid-framed electric locomotives were some of the first generations of electric locomotive design. When these began the traction motors of these early locomotives, particularly with AC motors, were too large and heavy to be mounted directly to the axles and so were carried on the frame. One of the initial simplest wheel arrangements for a mainline electric locomotive, from around 1900, was the 1′C1′ arrangement, in UIC classification.

Some of these locomotives had their driving wheels coupled with coupling rods, as for steam locomotives. Others had individual motors for each axle, as would later become universal.

By the middle of the century, the bogie arrangement for locomotives became more popular and rigid-framed locomotives are now rare, except for small shunters.
Tuomas Markkula
Tuomas Markkula (born 28 June 1990) is a Finnish footballer, who currently plays for Finnish Ykkönen (second level) side RoPS Rovaniemi.

Previously Markkula has played in TPS Turku and in Finnish third level Kakkonen with Åbo IFK. TPS is ÅIFK's parent club.

He has represented nationally Finland in youth level.

Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.
Stanwix
Stanwix is a district of Carlisle, Cumbria in North West England.  The ward population (called Stanwix Urban) had a population taken at the 2011 census of 5,934. It is located on the north side of River Eden, across from Carlisle city centre. Although long counted as a suburb it did not officially become part of the city until 1912 when part of the civil parish of Stanwix became part of the parish, city and municipal borough of Carlisle. Further areas were added to the city, which was by then a county borough, in 1934 and 1951. The remaining part of the parish was eventually renamed Stanwix Rural in 1966.

County Borough of Carlisle
Carlisle was, from 1835 to 1974, a local government district in the northwest of England, coterminate with Carlisle. In 1835, following the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, Carlisle was constituted a municipal borough of Cumberland, but was promoted to county borough status in 1914, within its boundaries taking over the functions of Cumberland County Council. The district was abolished on 31 March 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972.
Claudication
Claudication is a medical term usually referring to impairment in walking, or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest.  The perceived level of pain from claudication can be mild to extremely severe.  Claudication is most common in the calves but it can also affect the feet, thighs, hips, buttocks, or arms. The word claudication comes from Latin  claudicare 'to limp'.

Claudication that appears after a short amount of walking may sometimes be described by US medical professionals by the number of typical city street blocks that the patient can walk before the onset of claudication. Thus, "one-block claudication" appears after walking one block, "two-block claudication" appears after walking two blocks, etc. The term block would be understood more exactly locally but is on the order of 100 meters (328 feet).

Fatigue
Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found.

In the sense of tiredness, fatigue often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance.
Orobanche corymbosa
Orobanche corymbosa is a species of broomrape known by the common name flat-top broomrape. It is native to western North America where it is a parasite growing attached to the roots of other plants, usually sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). It produces a cluster of thick, glandular stems with enlarged bases and stout roots, the hairy stems pale whitish or yellowish, often purple-tinged, and up to 17 centimetres (6.7 in) tall. As a parasite taking its nutrients from a host plant, it lacks leaves and chlorophyll. The inflorescence is a wide array of a few tubular flowers. Each is 2 centimetres (0.79 in) or 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long, coated in glandular hairs, and dark-veined pink or purple in color.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
Valin (surname)
Valin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jonathan Valin (born 1947), American writer

Jorge Valín (born 2000), Spanish footballer

Martial Valin (1898–1980), French aviator

Pierre-Vincent Valin (1827–1897), Canadian businessman and politician
Valin v Langlois, Canadian constitutional law decision

Stephanie Valin (born 1987), Canadian water polo player

Stephanie Valin
Stephanie Valin (born July 6, 1987) is a water polo player from Canada.

She was a member of the Canada women's national water polo team at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships, 2013 World Aquatics Championships, and at the 2015 Pan American Games.
Ivica Mlivončić
Ivica Mlivončić (1931 – 1 April 2013) was a Croatian author and columnist in Slobodna Dalmacija from Split. Born in Vareš, he graduated at the Faculty of Theology in Ljubljana, then at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Belgrade and the Faculty of Philosophy in Zadar. Mlivončić published several books dealing with religion, the Croatian War of Independence and the Croat–Bosniak War, most notably "The Crime with the Seal" in 1998 about war crimes against Croats, which was included in the Court records of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He was a defense witness at the ICTY in the case against Tihomir Blaškić in 1998. He died on 1 April 2013.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Thomas C. Russell Field
Thomas C. Russell Field (IATA: ALX, ICAO: KALX, FAA LID: ALX) is a city-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the central business district of Alexander City, a city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 and 2009–2013, both of which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Alexander City, Alabama
Alexander City, known to locals as "Alex City", is the largest city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States, with a population of 14,843 as of the 2020 census. It has been the largest community in Tallapoosa County since 1910. It is known for Lake Martin with its 750 miles (1,210 km) of wooded shoreline and 44,000 acres (18,000 ha) of water. Lake Martin stands on the Tallapoosa River and offers boating, swimming, fishing, golfing, and camping. Many neighborhoods and luxury homes are located on the lake.

The city's economy was traditionally based on the textile industry, but in recent times its economic base has become more diversified as textile jobs have gone to India.
Alexya Salvador
Alexya Lucas Evangelista Salvador (born 1980) is a Brazilian teacher and reverend. She was ordained in 2019, becoming the first transgender reverend in Latin America. She was additionally the first trans woman to adopt a child in Brazil.

Metropolitan Community Church
The Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), also known as the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), is an international LGBT-affirming mainline Protestant Christian denomination.

The fellowship has Official Observer status with the World Council of Churches. The MCC was denied membership in the US National Council of Churches in 1992, but many local MCC congregations are members of local ecumenical partnerships around the world and MCC currently belongs to several statewide councils of churches in the United States. The MCC has also been considered to be non-denominational.

According to a census of the association published in 2025, it would have 172 churches in 20 countries.
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a rare heart disorder usually occurring in children two years old and younger. It may also be considered a reaction to stress, not necessarily a specific disease.

It should not be confused with endomyocardial fibrosis.

Endocardium
The endocardium (pl.: endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection to the valves and heart chambers.

The endocardium underlies the much more voluminous myocardium, the muscular tissue responsible for the contraction of the heart. The outer layer of the heart is termed epicardium and the heart is surrounded by a small amount of fluid enclosed by a fibrous sac called the pericardium.
Rao Heidmets
Rao Heidmets (born 15 September 1956) is an Estonian animated film director, producer and scenarist.

In 1982, he started to work at Tallinnfilm. In 1991, he established his own production company Rao Heidmetsa Filmistuudio. Since 2002, he is a film director in Nukufilm.

In 2005, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, V class.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Amherst Cove
Amherst Cove is a Canadian community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Located on the Bonavista Peninsula, the community was founded prior to 1864. Fishing is or was the major industry and the nearest port of entry was nine miles away in Bonavista. By 1911 it had one hotel and one church. The population was 240 in 1911 and 279 by 1956.

The community is broken into three distinct areas.  There is a Lower, Middle and an Upper Amherst Cove.  Each area is separated by approximately one kilometre.

The loss of the fishery in Newfoundland due to the cod moratorium in 1992 has had a severe impact on the population of Amherst Cove.  Today, only a few families remain in this tiny coastal community.

Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery
In 1992, Northern cod populations fell to 1% of historic levels, in large part from decades of overfishing. The Canadian Federal Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, John Crosbie, declared a moratorium on the Northern Cod fishery, which had primarily shaped the lives and communities of Canada's eastern coast for 500 years. A significant factor contributing to the depletion of the cod stocks off Newfoundland's shores was the introduction of equipment and technology that increased landed fish volume. From the 1950s onwards, new technology allowed fishers to trawl a larger area more deeply and for longer, with the catches peaking in the 1970s and 1980s. Cod stocks were depleted at a faster rate than could be replenished.

The trawlers also caught enormous amounts of non-commercial fish, which were economically unimportant but very important ecologically. The incidental catch undermined the stability of the ecosystem by depleting stocks of important predator and prey species.
Amare (Adrijana song)
"Amare" is a song recorded by Swedish rapper Adrijana. The song was released as a digital download in Sweden on 26 February 2017, and peaked at number 52 on the Swedish Singles Chart. It took part in Melodifestivalen 2017, and placed sixth in the first semi-final on 4 February 2017, and was written by Adrijana and Martin Tjärnberg.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Conor Allis
Conor Allis (born 8 March 1990) is an Irish hurler who played as a Centre-forward for the Limerick senior team. Allis made his senior championship debut for Limerick against Tipperary on 27 May 2012 in a 1-19 to 2-20 defeat at Semple Stadium, scoring two points in the game.

Semple Stadium
FBD Semple Stadium is the home of hurling and Gaelic football for Tipperary GAA and for the province of Munster. Located in Thurles, County Tipperary, it is the second largest GAA stadium in Ireland (after Croke Park), with a capacity of 45,690 and named after Tom Semple, the captain of the Thurles "Blues". He won All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship medals in 1900, 1906, and 1908.

The stadium is the leading venue for Munster hurling followers, having hosted the Munster Hurling Final on many memorable occasions.
Pieces of Eight (1959 revue)
Pieces of Eight was a British musical comedy revue with sketches written by Peter Cook, music by Laurie Johnson and starring Kenneth Williams and Fenella Fielding.

The revue premiered at the Apollo Theatre, 23 September 1959 directed by Paddy Stone. Sets and costumes were designed by Tony Walton, lighting by Richard Pilbrow. Additional music was supplied by Sandy Wilson. The show also featured sketches written by Harold Pinter (unconnected to Pinter's later one-act play for a compendium of 8 plays by 8 playwrights also called Pieces of Eight which played in the US in 1982-1983), John Law and Lance Mulcahy. The full cast included Myra de Groot, Peter Reeves, Josephine Blake, Terence Theobald, Valerie Walsh, Peter Brett and the Frank Horrox Quintet.

A sequel One Over The Eight appeared in 1961.

Apollo Theatre
The Apollo Theatre is a Grade II listed West End theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue in the City of Westminster, in central London. Designed by the architect Lewin Sharp for owner Henry Lowenfeld, it became the fourth legitimate theatre to be constructed on the street when it opened its doors on 21 February 1901, with the American musical comedy The Belle of Bohemia.
Rabbi Hilkiah
Rabbi Hilkiah (Hebrew: רבי חלקיה) was an Amora of the Land of Israel of the fourth generation of the Amoraic era. He was an Aggadist and his teachings mostly dealt with this issue.

R. Hilkiah is mentioned dozens of times in the Jerusalem Talmud and the Midrash Aggadah, and once in the Babylonian Talmud. He was the pupil of R. Pinchas and a colleague of R. Shimon ben Pazi. The Midrash mentions a sage called Isaac ben Rabbi Hilkiah, who may very well be his son.

Aggadah
Aggadah (Hebrew: אַגָּדָה, romanized: Aggāḏā, or הַגָּדָה Haggāḏā; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲגַדְתָּא, romanized: Aggāḏṯā; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine. The predominant rabbinic holding is that Aggadah is meant to impart moral or theological truths through the form of allegory in order to be accessible, and it does not have to be taken literally.
Farrenkopf
The Farrenkopf (788.5 m above sea level (NHN)), also known as the "Rigi of the Central Black Forest" is a mountain with extensive views in the Black Forest near the town of Hausach in the Kinzig valley.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
F. W. L. Thomas
Captain Frederick William Leopold Thomas FSA (Scot) (c. 1812–1885) was a Royal Navy officer, photographer, and historian, noted for his surveys of Scotland, and for taking the first photographs of St Kilda.

Stenness
Stenness (pronounced /ˈstɛnɪs/) (Old Norse: Steinnes; Norn: Stennes) is a village and parish on the Orkney Mainland in Scotland. It is part of Orkney Islands Council. It contains several notable prehistoric monuments including the Standing Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar. The parish lies amid fertile farmland typical of Orkney and the economy is based on agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and renewable energy.
2001 Family Circle Cup
The 2001 Family Circle Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina in the United States and was part of Tier I of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 29th edition of the tournament and ran from April 16 through April 22, 2001. Second-seeded Jennifer Capriati won the singles title.

WTA Tier I tournaments
The WTA Tier I tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis elite tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. From 1988 to 1990, the different levels of WTA tournaments were referred to by the term 'Category', and there were 5 categories. Two of the Tier I tournaments, Indian Wells and Miami, were also joint events held simultaneously with the ATP Tour Masters Series.

There were initially 6 Tier I tournaments held annually from 1990. The list expanded to 8 events in 1993, 9 in 1997 and 10 in 2004, before being scaled back to 9 for 2008.

In 2009 the WTA changed the tournament categories, so that the majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments were in one category, Premier Tournaments, split into three categories.
Dumdangi railway station
Dumdangi railway station is a railway station on Katihar–Siliguri branch of Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line in the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. It is situated at Chopra, Jhajhri, Dhumdangi of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Katihar–Siliguri line
The Katihar–Siliguri line is a railway line connecting Katihar in the Indian state of Bihar with Siliguri Junction in West Bengal, via Barsoi, Dalkhola,  Kishanganj, Aluabari Road Junction, Thakurganj, Adhikari, Naxalbari,  Bagdogra and Matigara. It was a metre-gauge track that was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge in 2011.

Another railway line with a slightly different route with shorter distance exists between Siliguri Junction and Aluabari Road Junction (Islampur) and its details are available in Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line article.
René Cogny
René Cogny  (25 April 1904 in Saint-Valery-en-Caux – 11 September 1968) was a French Général de corps d'armée, World War II and French Resistance veteran and survivor of Buchenwald and Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camps. He was a commander of the French forces in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) during the First Indochina War, and notably during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. His post-war private and legal conflict with superior General Henri Navarre became a public controversy. Known to his men as Le General Vitesse (General Hurry-Up), and reputable for his military pomp, physical presence and skill with the press, Cogny was killed in the 1968 Ajaccio-Nice Caravelle crash in the Mediterranean near Nice.

Army corps general
An army corps general or corps general is a rank held by a general officer who commands an army corps. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries. Normally, the rank is above the divisional general and below the army general, so it usually corresponds to the lieutenant general. However, in some countries such as Spain, Brazil, and Peru, the rank of army corps general is not used, in Spain the rank of army corps general is replaced by the rank of lieutenant general, while in some countries such as Brazil and Peru, the rank of army general is immediately above that of divisional general.