hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple II graphics
Apple II graphics debuted on the original Apple II in 1977 and were used throughout the computer series of the same name. There is a 16 color 40 × 48 mode (low res) and a 280 × 192 mode (high res) where visuals are dependent on artifact color. Both modes can optionally have four lines of text at the bottom, reducing the vertical resolution. The Apple IIe adds "double" versions of each of these, most prominently "double high-resolution" with twice the horizontal resolution in 16 colors. Internally, Apple II graphics modes are idiosyncratic and do not use a linear frame buffer.

The graphics modes introduced with the 1986 Apple IIGS split from those of previous Apple II models and have more in common with the Atari ST and Amiga.

Apple ProDOS
ProDOS is the name of two similar operating systems for the Apple II line of personal computer.  The original ProDOS, renamed ProDOS 8 in version 1.2, is the last official operating system usable by all 8-bit Apple II computers, and was distributed from 1983 to 1993.  The other, ProDOS 16, was a stop-gap solution for the 16-bit Apple IIGS that was replaced by GS/OS within two years.

ProDOS was marketed by Apple as meaning Professional Disk Operating System, and became the most popular operating system for the Apple II 10 months after its release in January 1983.
Gunter baronets
The Gunter baronetcy, of Wetherby Grange in the Parish of Collingham in the West Riding of the County of York, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 9 March 1901 for the army officer and Conservative politician Robert Gunter. The title became extinct on the death of the 3rd Baronet in 1980, who left no heir.

Collingham, West Yorkshire
Collingham is a village and civil parish 2 miles (3 km) south-west of Wetherby in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 2,991.

It sits in the Harewood ward of Leeds City Council and Wetherby and Easingwold parliamentary constituency.

The River Wharfe runs through the village towards Wetherby, as does the main A58 trans-Pennine road. The A659 passes through the village.  The River Wharfe is dangerous at Collingham due to undercurrents, which are prevalent around Linton Bridge and the former viaduct. Collingham Beck burst its banks in 2007, causing extensive flooding.

The village public house, known as Cromwells, is said to be where Oliver Cromwell spent the night after the Battle of Marston Moor. The clergyman, the Reverend William Mompesson was born there in 1639.
Jan Heidatel
Jan Rotwill Heidatel (1801 – 21 March 1871, Kraków) was a Russian engineer, general-mayor, Candidate of Philosophy, and commander of Liepāja port.

Heidatel was born to a French father and Polish mother. While studying at Vilnius University he joined the secret Filaret Association.
From 1824 he served in the Corpus of Water Communications in the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Empire. In February 1825 he was sent as an officer to Arkhangelsk and was later promoted to general. He was a head of the region of communication tracts in Kaunas. In 1830 he took part in the November Uprising against Tsarist rule. After 1850 he worked in Liepāja.

Heidatel was married and had two children. He died in Kraków and his burial service was held in St. Anna Roman Catholic church. He was buried in the Powązki Cemetery.

Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск, pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg.

A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2021 Census, the city's population was 301,199.
4.7-inch gun M1906
The 4.7-inch gun M1906 (initially the M1904) was designed and issued by the United States Army Ordnance Department beginning in 1906, with the first units receiving the weapon in 1911. It was of the field gun type. It was one of very few pre-war US artillery designs selected for wartime production in World War I, although (as with most of these projects) few of these weapons were delivered to France and used in action. A combination of a limited pre-war munitions industry, the short (19-month) US participation in the war, technical problems with large-scale production, and the ready availability of munitions overseas led to this.

Ian V. Hogg
Ian Vernon Hogg (1 January 1926 – 7 March 2002) was a British author of books on firearms, artillery, ammunition, and fortification, as well as biographies of several famous general officers. During his career he wrote, co-wrote, edited, or co-edited about 150 books and sold well over 1 million copies.
Robert Hundar
Claudio Undari (12 January 1935 – 12 May 2008), known professionally as Robert Hundar, was an Italian film actor and stage actor, best known for his roles of "Bad Guy" in Spaghetti Western and "Poliziottesco" movies. He starred in about 40 movies between 1960 and 1980.

Poliziotteschi
Poliziotteschi (Italian: [polittsjotˈteski]; sg.: poliziottesco) constitute a subgenre of crime and action films that emerged in Italy in the late 1960s and reached the height of their popularity in the 1970s. They are also known as polizieschi all'italiana,  Italo-crime, spaghetti crime films, or simply Italian crime films. Influenced primarily by both 1970s French crime films and gritty 1960s and 1970s American cop films and vigilante films (among other influences), poliziotteschi films were made amidst an atmosphere of socio-political turmoil in Italy known as Years of Lead and amidst increasing Italian crime rates. The films generally featured graphic and brutal violence, organized crime, car chases, vigilantism, heists, gunfights, and corruption up to the highest levels. The protagonists were generally tough working class loners, willing to act outside a corrupt or overly bureaucratic system.
2010 Spanish Athletics Championships
The 2010 Spanish Athletics Championships was the 90th edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Spain. It was held on 17 and 18 July at the Complejo Deportivo de Avilés in Avilés, Asturias. It served as the selection meeting for the 2010 European Athletics Championships. A total of 617 athletes (341 men and 276 women) competed at the event.

The club championships in relays and combined track and field events were contested separately from the main competition.

The original winner of the men's 3000 metres steeplechase, José Luis Blanco in 8:33.12 minutes, was later disqualified as his drug test at the competition came back positive for erythropoietin.

José Luis Blanco
José Luis Blanco Quevedo (born 3 June 1975 in Lloret de Mar) is a Spanish middle-distance runner who specialized in the 3000 metres steeplechase. Blanco won a silver medal in this event at the 2006 European Championships and the bronze medal at the 2010 European Championships, later being stripped of the latter.
Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad
The Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad (P&BC) was a railroad that operated in Pennsylvania and Maryland in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It operated a 110-mile (180 km) main line between West Philadelphia and Octoraro Junction, Maryland (near Port Deposit), plus several branch lines.

Port Deposit, Maryland
Port Deposit is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the east bank of the Susquehanna River near its discharge into the Chesapeake Bay. As of the 2020 census, Port Deposit had a population of 614.
Jason Petrie
Jason Kelly Petrie (born February 27, 1971) is an American politician who has served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives since January 2017. His represents Kentucky's 16th House district, which includes Logan and Todd counties as well as part of Christian County. Currently, Petrie serves as chair of the House Standing Committee on Appropriates and Revenue.

Todd County, Kentucky
Todd County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,243. Its county seat is Elkton. The county is named for Colonel John Todd, who was killed at the Battle of Blue Licks in 1782 during the American Revolution.
Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi GSK
Erzurum BB GSK, short for Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyesi Gençlik Spor Kulübü, is the ice hockey section of the same named multi-sport club in Erzurum, Turkey founded by the metropolitan municipality (Turkish: Büyükşehir Belediyesi). Currently, the team compete in the Turkish Ice Hockey Super League (TBHSL).

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (c. 14), sometimes referred to as ASPA, is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in 1986, which regulates the use of animals used for research in the UK. The act permits studies to be conducted using animals for procedures such as breeding genetically modified animals, medical and veterinary advances, education, environmental toxicology and includes procedures requiring surgery, if certain criteria are met. Revised legislation came into force on 1 January 2013. The original act related to the 1986 EU Directive 86/609/EEC  which was updated and replaced by EU Directive 2010/63/EU

In 2002, a Government select committee inquiry described the Act as the "...tightest system of regulation in the world" in relation to the regulation of using animals for research.

Genetically modified animal
Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease, etc. The vast majority of genetically modified animals are at the research stage while the number close to entering the market remains small.
Rock Creek (Monocacy River tributary)
Rock Creek is an 18.9-mile-long (30.4 km) tributary of the Monocacy River in south-central Pennsylvania and serves as the border between Cumberland and Mount Joy townships.  Rock Creek was used by the Underground Railroad (at McAllister's Mill, "slaves would slosh through the water to throw off the tracking dogs that were pursuing them") and flows near several Gettysburg Battlefield sites, including Culp's Hill, the Benner Hill artillery location, and Barlow Knoll.

Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
Cumberland Township is a township in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 7,031 at the 2020 census. In 1863, the American Civil War Battle of Gettysburg took place mainly in Cumberland Township, which surrounds the borough of Gettysburg on three sides.
Die Heimkehr des Verbannten
Die Heimkehr des Verbannten (The Return of the Banished, 1844), (originally Il proscritto, 1841), is an opera by Otto Nicolai.

The libretto by Gaetano Rossi for Il proscritto, based on the play Le proscrit by Frédéric Soulié, had been given to Nicolai after being rejected by Verdi, this after Nicolai had rejected and given to Verdi Temistocle Solera's libretto for Nabucco. Whereas Verdi's opera was a triumph, Nicolai's, premiered 13 March 1841 at La Scala in Milan was a failure. On his return to Vienna Nicolai had Siegfried Kapper rework Rossi's libretto to produce Die Heimkehr des Verbannten, which premiered successfully on 3 February 1844 at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.

Theater am Kärntnertor
Theater am Kärntnertor or Kärntnertortheater (Carinthian Gate Theatre) was a prestigious theatre in Vienna during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its official title was Kaiserliches und Königliches Hoftheater zu Wien (Imperial and Royal Court Theatre of Vienna).
Kanakakkunnu Palace
8°30′38″N 76°57′29″E﻿ / ﻿8.510663°N 76.958123°E﻿ / 8.510663; 76.958123
Kanakakkunnu Palace is situated in Thiruvananthapuram near the Napier museum, India. It served as an official residence for Sir C.P. Ramaswami Iyer during his dewanship, in addition to Bhakti Vilas and Padma Vilas.

It is India's first digital garden, created by Akhilesh S. V. Nair and A. Gangaprasad, University of Kerala, Department of Botany.

Today the palace and its sprawling grounds are the venue for many cultural meetings and programmes. An all India Dance Festival (October - March) is organised by the Department of Tourism every year. During this period the classical Indian Dance performances are conducted every day.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.
WSOE
WSOE is a non-commercial student-run college radio station based at Elon University in Elon, North Carolina, that broadcasts at 89.3fm. The station serves as a creative outlet for students and as a means for students to develop skills for professional broadcast careers. WSOE offers a variety of opportunities in music shows, sports broadcasting, artist interviews, and music technology. The station aims to promote local artists through ticket giveaways, interviews, and playing these musicians' music over the air.

Non-commercial activity
A non-commercial (also spelled noncommercial) activity is an activity that is not carried out in the interest of profit. The opposite is commercial, something that primarily serves profit interests and is focused on business.

For example, advertising-free community radio stations are typically nonprofit organizations staffed by individuals volunteering their efforts to air a wide variety of radio programming, and do not run explicit radio advertisements, included in the United States specific grouping of "non-commercial educational" (NCE) public radio stations.
Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science, and Technology
The Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science, and Technology (GSMST) is a specialized public school in Lawrenceville, Georgia (United States), and a part of Gwinnett County Public Schools. Students are admitted through a county-wide lottery, whose participants, since the school dropped its charter status in 2016, must meet multiple requirements. It features a heavy focus on project-based STEM education. Its rigorous course offerings and high student graduation rate make it one of the most prestigious high schools in the state.

Project-based learning
Project-based learning is a teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which it is believed that students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems.  Students learn about a subject by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to a complex question, challenge, or problem.  It is a style of active learning and inquiry-based learning. Project-based learning  contrasts with paper-based, rote memorization, or teacher-led instruction that presents established facts or portrays a smooth path to knowledge by instead posing questions, problems, or scenarios.
Shanghai's Best
Shanghai's Best (also known as Shanghai's Best Street Food) is a Chinese restaurant in Portland, Oregon. The business operates from the Pine Street Market, as of 2022, and has previously operated from Portland's Alder Street food cart pod and in Salem.

Chinese restaurant
A Chinese restaurant is a restaurant that serves Chinese cuisine. Most of them are in the Cantonese style, due to the history of the Chinese diaspora, though other regional cuisines, such as Sichuan cuisine and Hakka cuisine, are also common. Many Chinese restaurants may adapt their cuisine to fit local taste preferences, as in British Chinese cuisine and American Chinese cuisine. Some Chinese restaurants may also serve other Asian cuisines in their menus, such as Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, or Thai cuisines, though their selection is often limited and minimal compared to Chinese dishes.

Chinese takeouts (North America) or Chinese takeaways (United Kingdom and Commonwealth) are terms used to describe Chinese restaurants specifically designed for take-out, as opposed to traditional eat-in restaurants which typically offer take-out as an option; such take-out restaurants are often simplistic and lack tables or seats.
Tây Thành province
Tây Thành (lit. 'Western Fortress') was formerly the 32nd province of Nguyễn Vietnam, encompassing what is now modern-day Cambodia. Its capital was the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh (known to the Vietnamese as "Nam Vang"). It was a special province with a dual system, consisting of Cambodian monarchs who reigned as puppet rulers while a Vietnamese governor resided in Phnom Penh. The province was finally abolished in 1847 after peace talks between Thailand and Vietnam concluded dual-suzerainty over Cambodia.

Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 34 first-level subdivisions, comprising 28 provinces (tỉnh) and six municipalities under the command of the central government (Vietnamese: thành phố trực thuộc trung ương).

Municipalities are the highest-ranked cities in Vietnam. Municipalities are centrally-controlled cities and have special status equal to that of the provinces.

The provinces and municipalities are divided into communes (xã), wards (phường) and special administrative regions (đặc khu) as the second-tier units.
Flower and the Beast
Flower and the Beast (Japanese: 花にけだもの, Hepburn: Hana ni Kedamono) is a Japanese shōjo manga series by Miwako Sugiyama. Flower and the Beast was serialized in the bimonthly manga magazine Sho-Comi from August 2010 to December 2012. A live-action television drama adaptation ran in 2017, and a second season was broadcast in 2019.

Anna Iriyama
Anna Iriyama (入山 杏奈, Iriyama Anna; born December 3, 1995) is a Japanese actress and YouTuber active in Japan and Mexico. She is a former member of the Japanese idol group AKB48, in which she was a member of Team A. She is represented by the talent agency Ohta Production. She was part of the cast for the telenovela Like and lived in Mexico from 2018 to 2019.
Iliopoulos
Iliopoulos (Greek: Ηλιόπουλος) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dinos Iliopoulos (1915–2001), actor and film director

Giannis Iliopoulos (born 1979), basketball player

John Iliopoulos (born 1940), theoretical physicist

Marios Iliopoulos (born 1969), heavy metal guitarist

Vasileios Iliopoulos (born 1988), Greek tennis player

John Iliopoulos
John (Jean) Iliopoulos (Greek: Ιωάννης Ηλιόπουλος; 1940) is a Greek physicist. He is the first person to present the Standard Model of particle physics in a single report. He is best known for his prediction of the charm quark with Sheldon Glashow and Luciano Maiani (the "GIM mechanism"). Iliopoulos is also known for demonstrating the cancellation of anomalies in the Standard model. He is further known for the Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term formula, which was introduced in 1974.  He is currently an honorary member of Laboratory of theoretical physics of École normale supérieure, Paris.
George Kempt
George Kempt (July 8, 1821 – March 9, 1885) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Victoria South in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Liberal Party of Canada member.

He was born in Cromarty, Scotland, in 1821, the son of Kenneth Kempt, and came to Peterborough County in Upper Canada with his family in 1831. Kempt was a lumber and grain merchant. He served on the township council for Lindsay, also serving as reeve. In 1872, he was named sheriff for Victoria County.

In 1849, he married Anne Jane Macaulay. He died in Lindsay at the age of 63.

Peterborough County
Peterborough County is a county and census division located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is the City of Peterborough, which is independent of the county.

The southern section of the county is mix of agriculture, urban and lakefront properties. The northern section of the county is mostly sparsely populated wilderness, with numerous rivers and lakes mostly within Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.

The county contains the Kawarthas, a major tourist region.
Franz Ritter
Franz Ritter (15 February 1803, Medebach – 22 October 1875, Bonn) was a German classical philologist.

He studied classical philology at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, receiving his doctorate in 1828 with a dissertation on Aristophanes' Plutus. In 1829 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Bonn, where in 1833 he was named an associate professor of classical philology.

He published the entire edition of works by Horace (1856–57) as well as three complete editions of Tacitus (1834–36, 1848 and 1856–57). He also edited works by Tertullian, Terence, Aristotle and Sophocles.

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
John White (art historian)
John Edward Clement Twarowski White, CBE, FSA (4 October 1924 – 6 November 2021) was a British art historian and was formerly the head of the Department of History of Art at the University College London (UCL). In 1992 he was made an Honorary Fellow of UCL. He was also the author of a number of books on Medieval and Renaissance art, as well as on the artist Duccio of Siena.

Duccio
Duccio di Buoninsegna (UK: /ˈduːtʃioʊ/ DOO-chee-oh, Italian: [ˈduttʃo di ˌbwɔninˈseɲɲa]; c. 1255/1260 – c. 1318/1319), commonly known as just Duccio, was an Italian painter active in Siena, Tuscany, in the late 13th and early 14th century. He was hired throughout his life to complete many important works in government and religious buildings around Italy. Duccio is considered one of the greatest Italian painters of the Middle Ages, and is credited with creating the painting styles of Trecento Gothic style and the Sienese school.