hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zawiyas in Algeria
The zawiyas in Algeria are religious buildings located in Algeria honoring the memory of patron saints and dedicated to Quranic and religious education. Each zawiya (zaouïa) is affiliated with an Algerian Sufi tariqa (torouq) brotherhood under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments, in accordance with the precepts of the Algerian Islamic reference.

Al-Ajurrumiyya
Al-Ājurrūmiyyah (Arabic: الْآجُرُّومِيَّةِ) in full Al-Muqaddimah al-Ajurrūmiyyah fī Mabādi’ ʿIlm al-ʿArabiyyah is a 13th-century book of Arabic grammar (نحو عربي, naḥw ʿarabī). Very concise for easy memorization, it formed the foundation of a beginner's education in Classical Arabic learning in Arab societies at the time and was one of the first books to be memorized after the Qur'an along with the Alfiya. It was written by the Moroccan, Berber Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sīdī Muḥammad ibn Dāʾūd al-Sanhajī (aka "Ibn Ajarrum") (d. 1324).

In the Preface to his translation of the work, the Rev. J. J. S. Perowne writes:

"The "Ājrūmīya" is a well-known and useful compendium of Arabic Syntax. It is regarded by the Arabs themselves as a standard educational work; and various editions of it have appeared in Boulak, Algiers, and other places. But it is not always easy to meet with these in this country..."
Ibn Khaqan
Ibn Khaqan is an Arabic nasab that indicates descent from a person named "Khaqan". Most often, this indicates descent from a Turkic ruling house (khaqan is a medieval Turkic royal title):

Ahmad ibn Muzahim ibn Khaqan, Abbasid military governor of Egypt in 868

al-Fath ibn Khaqan (killed 861), Abbasid writer and official, friend and chief adviser of Caliph al-Mutawakkil

Muzahim ibn Khaqan (died 868), Abbasid military commander, governor of Egypt in 867–868

Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan (died 877), Abbasid official, vizier in 851–861 and 870–877

al-Fath ibn Khaqan (al-Andalus) (died 1134), Andalusi writer

Al-Fath ibn Khaqan (al-Andalus)
Abū Naṣr al-Fatḥ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Khāqān ibn Abdallah al-Qaysī al-Ishbīlī (أبو نصر الفتح بن محمد بن عبيد الله بن خاقان بن عبد الله القيسي الإشبيلي; died 11 November 1134), known as al-Fatḥ ibn Khāqān, was a 12th-century popular anthologist of al-Andalus.
Koinup
Koinup was an image and video hosting service, web portal and online community for virtual world users. It was used both as a photo and video repository platform and as a tool to share virtual world screenshots, photographs and machinima. As of November 2008, it claimed to host more than 100,000 items uploaded by its members and reaches about 100,000 visitors monthly.\
It was acquired in 2013 by Exitreality.

Centered on the concept of “Share your Virtual Life", Koinup offered a social networking platform for all virtual world inhabitants.

Image hosting service
An image hosting service allows individuals to upload images to an Internet website. The image host will then store the image onto its server, and show the individual different types of code to allow others to view that image. Some examples are Flickr, Imgur, and Photobucket.
Mattapany-Sewall Archeological Site
Mattapany-Sewall Archeological Site is an archaeological site in St. Mary's County, Maryland.  It is located at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station on a level terrace approximately 45' above sea level, less than 1000' south of the Patuxent River in an unused wooded/grassy tract. Documentary evidence identifies the site as Mattapany-Sewall, a manor established in 1663 and occupied from 1666 to 1684 by Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore.  It served as a governmental meeting place and colonial arsenal, and was the scene of the 1689 battle, known as the Protestant Revolution of 1689, in which Maryland's Proprietary government was overthrown.

It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Patuxent River
The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland.  There are three main river drainages for central Maryland:  the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two.  The 908-square-mile (2,352 km2) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.
PEO Soldier
The Program Executive Office Soldier (PEO Soldier), sometimes PEO-Soldier or Team Soldier is a program executive office of the United States Army responsible for rapid prototyping, procurement, and fielding of soldier's equipment.

Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is an integrated system of components that assists a gunner in executing tasks needed to achieve accurate firing by means of full or semi automation. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.
Bass v Gregory
Bass v Gregory (1890) is an English tort law and English land law case, concerning a ventilation shaft on under or through adjoining land (a "passage of air"). It was deemed an easement by prescription, having been used without long interruptions for forty years.  At the time of the case, the law, and the leading judge made a fine technical distinction between prescription by statute and by the common law doctrine of lost modern grant.

Easement
An easement is a nonpossessory right to use or enter onto the real property of another without possessing it. It is "best typified in the right of way which one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B". An easement is a property right and type of incorporeal property in itself at common law in most jurisdictions.

An easement is similar to real covenants and equitable servitudes. In the United States, the Restatement (Third) of Property takes steps to merge these concepts as servitudes.

Easements are helpful for providing a 'limited right to use another person's land for a stated purpose. For example, an easement may allow someone to use a road on their neighbor’s land to get to their own.'  Another example is someone's right to fish in a privately owned pond, or to have access to a public beach.

The rights of an easement holder vary substantially among jurisdictions.
Joshua Bradford
Joshua Bradford is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and composer. He is known as the vocalist for the industrial rock band Stayte, as a touring and recording member of Revolting Cocks, and for contributing to works by Ministry. Bradford has also composed for film, and is the founder of the non-profit organization Project Simple Shelter.

Cover Up (Ministry album)
Cover Up is an album of cover songs by Ministry (titled: Ministry and Co-Conspirators) released on April 1, 2008. The album includes previously released covers "Roadhouse Blues", "Lay Lady Lay" and "Supernaut". Cover Up was intended to be Ministry's final release before their three-year break up from 2008 to 2011.

On December 3, 2008, "Under My Thumb" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Metal Performance in 2009. It lost to "My Apocalypse" by Metallica.
2015 Masters (darts)
The 2015 PDC Masters (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2015 Unibet Masters) was the third staging of the non-ranking Masters darts tournament, held by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). It was played from 31 January to 1 February 2015 at Arena MK in Milton Keynes, England. This was the first time the tournament was held in the early months of the calendar year, in contrast to the two previous editions which were held in November.

James Wade was the defending champion, having beaten Mervyn King 11–10 in the 2014 tournament's final, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Gary Anderson.

Michael van Gerwen won his first Masters title by defeating Raymond van Barneveld 11–6 in the final, which he won with a tournament record average of 112.49 in the last game.

Arena MK
Arena MK (formerly the Marshall Arena) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, located beside Stadium MK. The 3,420 square metres (36,800 sq ft) multi-use event space is positioned over three floors and anticipates music and sporting events, conferences, exhibitions and parties.
Richard Brady
Richard Brady, O.F.M. (died 1607) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Ardagh from 1576 to 1580 and then Bishop of Kilmore from 1580 to 1607.

A Franciscan friar, he was appointed the Bishop of Ardagh by Pope Gregory XIII on 23 January 1576. Four years later, Brady was translated to the bishopric of Kilmore on 9 March 1580. He held the honours (temporalities) of the Church of Ireland See of Kilmore until they were deprived by Sir John Perrot, Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1585.

He died in September 1607, and was buried in the cloister of Multifernan Abbey, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Mullingar, Westmeath.

Translation (ecclesiastical)
Translation is the transfer of a bishop from one episcopal see to another. The word is from the Latin translatio, meaning "carry across" (another religious meaning of the term is the translation of relics).

This can be:

From one diocesan bishopric to another bishopric which is perceived as more important (or the bishop prefers as their see)

From suffragan bishop status to diocesan bishop

From coadjutor bishop to diocesan bishop

From one country's episcopate to another

From diocesan bishop to archbishop
Buchanan bus station
Buchanan Bus Station (originally Buchanan Street Bus Station) is the main bus terminus in Glasgow, Scotland, and is located between the Townhead and Cowcaddens districts on the north eastern side of the city centre.  It is the terminus for journeys between the city and other towns and cities in Scotland, as well as long-distance services to other parts of the United Kingdom and some international journeys.

Around 1,700 bus journeys depart from the station every day, with over 40,000 passengers using these journeys on a daily basis. It is within walking distance of Glasgow Queen Street railway station and Cowcaddens and Buchanan Street subway stations. There is a railway station shuttle link, linking it with Glasgow Queen Street and Glasgow Central Station.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
Thadivalasa
Thadivalasa or Tadivalasa (Village ID 581558) is a village located in Ponduru Mandal, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India and about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Srikakulam Town. Thadivalasa is connected with railway station DUSI RS (which is a passenger train halt) located on the Howrah-Chennai mainline in East Coast Railway, Indian Railways, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the village. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 2859 living in 727 households. Its main agriculture product is paddy growing.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Shane Carr
Shane Carr is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played as a defender for Four Masters and the Donegal county team.

His inter-county debut came in a game against Antrim in 1998. He was part of the panel during 1998 and 1999. He came back in 2001. From 2001 he was part of the team until retiring in the spring of 2006. According to the Sunday Independent, Carr left the panel when Eamon McGee moved ahead of him on the substitutes bench despite McGee's poor discipline and lack of dedication.

Carr started the first game of Brian McEniff's last spell as Donegal manager, a league defeat to Galway in Tuam in February 2003.

He played in the 2003 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final against Armagh.

Carr won the Donegal Senior Football Championship with his club in 2003. He scored three points in the final against Termon.

Antrim county football team
The Antrim county football team represents Antrim GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Antrim's home ground is Casement Park, Belfast; however, this has been closed for redevelopment since 2013, with most home games being played instead at Corrigan Park. The team's manager is vacant.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 1951, but has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.
One Amazing Thing
One Amazing Thing is a 2009 novel by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. It was first published in the United States in Voice by Hyperion in 2009, and later in Hamish Hamilton by Penguin Books India in 2010.

In the novel, a group of people from various backgrounds get trapped inside a visa office after a massive earthquake.

Hamish Hamilton
Hamish Hamilton Limited is a publishing imprint and originally a British publishing house, founded in 1931 eponymously by the half-Scot half-American Jamie Hamilton (Hamish is the vocative form of the Gaelic Seumas [meaning James], James the English form – which was also his given name, and Jamie the diminutive form). Jamie Hamilton was often referred to as Hamish Hamilton.

The Hamish Hamilton imprint is now part of the Penguin Random House group.
2021 Copa Bicentenario
The 2021 Copa Bicentenario was the 2nd edition of the Copa Bicentenario, the national cup competition of Peru, with the participation of the 18 teams of the Liga 1, and 12 teams of the Liga 2. The champions qualified for the 2022 Copa Sudamericana, as well as the Supercopa Peruana against the Liga 1 champions. Atlético Grau were the defending champions.

Sporting Cristal were the winners of the competition, beating Carlos A. Mannucci in the final by a 2–1 score to claim their first Copa Bicentenario title.

Carlos A. Mannucci
Carlos A. Mannucci, known simply as Mannucci, is a professional football club based in Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru. The club is the most important in the city, having represented Trujillo in the first division of Peruvian football in multiple occasions since the late 1960s. It is historically considered the most successful club in Trujillo. The club currently plays in the Peruvian Segunda División

Its greatest accomplishment are its back-to-back Copa Perú championships and the three Regional Championships of Peru, Northern Zone (1985, 1987, 1991-I). The club has a long rivalry with Alfonso Ugarte de Chiclin, and matches between the two teams are known as ''El Clásico Trujillano''. In recent years, it has also developed a rivalry against the other professional club in the city, Universidad César Vallejo.

Along with a men's football team, Mannucci also has a women's football team that participates in the Liga Femenina, the top league of Peruvian women's football.
George Paulikas
George Algis Paulikas (born May 14, 1936) is an American physicist, space scientist, and science administrator best known for his pioneering contributions to the study of Earth's magnetosphere and energetic particles in near-Earth space, as well as for senior leadership roles at The Aerospace Corporation and extensive post-retirement service to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. He worked at The Aerospace Corporation for 37 years, rising from technical staff scientist to executive vice president and contributing to U.S. national security and civil space programs.

Paulikas has been recognized as a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the American Physical Society (APS) and is a recipient of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) Gold Medal for Technical Excellence and Leadership.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
2002 Sparkassen Cup – Doubles
The 2002 Sparkassen Cup doubles was the tennis doubles event of the thirteenth edition of the Sparkassen Cup; a WTA Tier II tournament held in Leipzig, Germany.

Elena Likhovtseva and Nathalie Tauziat were the defending champions but Tauziat chose not to compete in 2002. Likhovtseva partnered with Natasha Zvereva but they were defeated in the semifinals.

Unseeded American pairing Alexandra Stevenson and Serena Williams won the title, defeating Janette Husárová and Paola Suárez in the final, 6–3, 7–5. This title remains the only doubles title won by Serena Williams not partnered with older sister Venus.

Natasha Zvereva
Natalya "Natasha" Maratovna Zvereva (born 16 April 1971) is a former professional tennis player from Belarus. She was the first major athlete in the Soviet Union to demand publicly that she should be able to keep her tournament earnings. Zvereva and her main doubles partner Gigi Fernández are the most successful women's doubles team (measured by WTA Tour and major titles) since Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver.

On 12 July 2010, Zvereva was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame alongside Fernández.
Ewan Birney
John Frederick William Birney (known as Ewan Birney) CBE FRS FMedSci (born 6 December 1972) is Interim Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). He also serves as non-executive director of Genomics England, chair of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) and honorary professor of bioinformatics at the University of Cambridge. Birney has made significant contributions to genomics, through his development of innovative bioinformatics and computational biology tools. He previously served as an associate faculty member at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.

Honorary title (academic)
Honorary titles (professor, president, fellow, lecturer and reader) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in the UK and Germany, as well as in many of the universities and colleges of the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, New Zealand, Japan, Denmark, and Canada.

Examples of such titles are honorary professor, honorary president, honorary fellow, honorary senior research fellow, honorary lecturer, honorary reader, (normally applies to non-teaching staff, who give occasional lectures), visiting fellow (normally applies to students carrying out further studies and research programmes), and industrial fellow.
2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open – Women's doubles
Cara Black and Liezel Huber were the defending champions, but they chose not to compete together.
Black partnered up with Elena Vesnina, but they lost to Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie in the first round.
Huber teamed with Anabel Medina Garrigues, but they lost to Chuang Chia-jung and Vania King in the second round.
Venus and Serena Williams won in the final 6–2, 7–5 against Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta.

Gisela Dulko
Gisela Dulko (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈsela ˈðulko]; born 30 January 1985) is an Argentine former tennis player. Although she enjoyed modest success in singles, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 26 and winning four WTA titles, her speciality was doubles, where she achieved the world No. 1 ranking and won 17 WTA titles. Partnering with Flavia Pennetta, Dulko won the 2010 WTA Tour Championships and the 2011 Australian Open. She also reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2011 US Open, with Eduardo Schwank. During her career, Dulko upset a number of top players on the tour, including Maria Sharapova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2009, Samantha Stosur in the third round of Roland Garros in 2011, and Martina Navratilova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2004 and in Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles match.

Dulko retired from professional tennis on 18 November 2012, aged 27.
James Alexander MacDonald
James Alexander MacDonald (October 1858 – December 20, 1939) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Rossland City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1903 to 1909 as a Liberal. MacDonald was the first leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party, serving from 1903 until 1909.

He was born in Huron County, Canada West and was educated in Stratford, Ontario, at the University of Toronto and at Osgoode Hall. MacDonald first set up practice in Toronto in 1890 and then moved to Rossland, British Columbia in 1896. He married Mary Richardson. In 1909, he was named Chief Justice in the British Columbia Court of Appeal. MacDonald served as Chief Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court from 1929 until his retirement in 1937. He died two years later in Victoria at the age of 81.

Huron County, Ontario
Huron County (/ˈhjʊərɒn, -ən/ HURE-on, -⁠ən) is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province. The county seat is Goderich, also the county's largest community.

The population reported in the 2021 Census for this predominantly agricultural area with many villages and small towns was 61,366 in a land area of 3,398 square kilometres.  Of the total population, 7,881 reside in Goderich.
Floral symmetry
Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts.

Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirally arranged.

Lilium
Lilium (/ˈlɪliəm/ LIL-ee-əm) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies. True lilies are known to be highly toxic to cats.