hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Journal of Educational Studies
British Journal of Educational Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal of educational studies established in 1952. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Society for Educational Studies. The editor-in-chief is Gary McCulloch (UCL Institute of Education).

UCL Institute of Education
The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior to merging with UCL in 2014, it was a constituent college of the University of London. The IOE is ranked first in the world for education in the QS World University Rankings, and has been so every year since 2014.

The IOE is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students on PGCE teacher-training courses. At any one time the IOE hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies.
Nicholas of Ilok
Nicholas of Ilok (Hungarian: Újlaki Miklós, Bosnian and Croatian: Nikola Iločki; 1410–1477) was a Hungarian nobleman,  Ban of Croatia, Slavonia, Dalmatia and Macsó, Voivode of Transylvania and titular King of Bosnia from 1471 until his death.

A member of the Újlaki family, he was one of the richest landowners in the Kingdom of Hungary and one of its most influential magnates. He held a reputation of a great hero and served under four kings of Hungary: Albert, Vladislaus I, Ladislaus V and Matthias I.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
A4 motorway (Netherlands)
The A4 motorway, also called Rijksweg 4, is a motorway in the Netherlands running southwards from Amsterdam to the Belgian border near Zandvliet, north of the city of Antwerp. The 119-kilometre-long (74 mi) A4 is divided into two sections; the first and longer section runs from Amsterdam to the A15 near the city of Rotterdam, while the second section starts near Heijningen, where the A29 and the A4 meet, going to the Belgian border.

Between the A29 near the village of Klaaswaal (south of Rotterdam), and the Sabina interchange (where the A4-A29 meets the A59), the route is numbered A29. Three European routes run concurrently with this highway at some point: E19, E30, and E312.

There are no authorized plans for the missing link between Pernis (south of Schiedam and west of Rotterdam) and the A29 near Klaaswaal, though right-of-way has been acquired for the future A29 interchange with the A4.

Pernis, Netherlands
Pernis (Dutch pronunciation: [pɛrˈnɪs]) is a neighborhood and submunicipality (since 3 March 2010) of Rotterdam, Netherlands. The district has a population of 4,845 (2018) on a total area size of 1.60 km2 (0.62 sq mi). Pernis is thus a full submunicipality of Rotterdam, but the former independent municipality had its own district council already. Although surrounded by ports, Pernis has preserved its village-like atmosphere very well.

Pernis is best known for its petrochemical industry. Refineries define its skyline. Shell's sprawling complex located there is the largest oil refinery in Europe, and one of the largest in the world.

Pernis was merged with 's-Gravenambacht in 1832. It remained an independent municipality until 1934, when it was merged into Rotterdam.
Canton of Saint-Bonnet-le-Château
The canton of Saint-Bonnet-le-Château is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhone-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 11 communes, which joined the canton of Saint-Just-Saint-Rambert in 2015. It had 8,602 inhabitants (2012).

The canton comprised the following communes:

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.
Floating (Schoolboy Q song)
"Floating" is a song by American rapper Schoolboy Q featuring Atlanta-based rapper 21 Savage from the former's fifth studio album Crash Talk (2019). It was sent to rhythmic contemporary radio on June 11, 2019, as the album's third single. The song was produced by Cardo and Johnny Juliano.

Cardo (music producer)
Ronald Nathan LaTour Jr. (born September 24, 1984), professionally known as Cardo Got Wings or simply Cardo, is an American record producer and rapper. He's known for his works with Playboi Carti, Kendrick Lamar, and Wiz Khalifa, among others. He also produced God's Plan by Drake, as well as Goosebumps by Travis Scott and Kendrick Lamar.
ATV Lifeguard
ATV Lifeguard is a flexible crush protection device (CPD) used on all-terrain vehicles (ATV)s.

In the event of an ATV rollover, the ATV Lifeguard will flex over a person on the ground while bearing the load of the ATV - thus preventing the rider from being crushed.  ATV Lifeguard is the only flexible roll bar for ATVs - it is made of 60 segments that all flex and move.

The Lifeguard is installed on the rear rack of an ATV. It can support weights up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb).

Lifeguard was invented by Vernon Suckling, founder of Ag-tech Industries, a company based in Dargaville, New Zealand.

In 2017 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) began investigating the mandatory safety standard for ATVs. This resulted in legislation requiring all new quad bikes to have an operator protection device (OPD) fitted. The safety standard issued by the ACCC specified two models: the Quadbar and the ATV Lifeguard.

Dargaville
Dargaville (Māori: Tākiwira) is a town located in the North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the bank of the Northern Wairoa River in the Kaipara District of the Northland region. Dargaville is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) southwest of Whangārei, and 174 kilometres (108 mi) north of Auckland.

Dargaville is noted for the high proportion of residents of Croatian descent. The area around it is one of the chief regions in the country for cultivating kūmara (sweet potato) and so Dargaville is known by many locals as the "Kūmara Capital" of New Zealand.
Ranbir Singh Nikka
Ranbir Singh Nikka (born 23 January 1978) is an Indian politician.He was born in village baranda, tehsil Nurpur.He is a member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing the Nurpur Assembly constituency. He is an ex-Bharatiya Janata Party secretary general.

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The seat of the Assembly is at Shimla, the capital of the state. There are 68 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
Yandex Search
Yandex Search (Russian: Яндекс) is a search engine owned by the company Yandex, based in Russia. In January 2015, Yandex Search generated 51.2% of all of the search traffic in Russia according to LiveInternet.

In February 2024, Yandex N.V. announced the sale of the majority of its Russia-based assets to a consortium of Russia-based investors. In July 2024, the sale was completed, giving the Kremlin more control over the business.

Office Open XML
Office Open XML (also informally known as OOXML) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. Ecma International standardized the initial version as ECMA-376. ISO and IEC standardized later versions as ISO/IEC 29500.

Microsoft Office 2010 provides read support for ECMA-376, full support for ISO/IEC 29500 Transitional, and read support for ISO/IEC 29500 Strict. Microsoft Office 2013 and later fully support ISO/IEC 29500 Strict, but do not use it as the default file format because of backwards compatibility concerns.
Convent & Stuart Hall
Convent & Stuart Hall is a partnership of two gender-specific Catholic K-12 schools in the city of San Francisco: Convent of the Sacred Heart High School, a girls’ school located at 2222 Broadway and Stuart Hall High School, a boys’ school located at 1715 Octavia Street. The schools also operate under the name of Schools of the Sacred Heart, San Francisco. The unique partnership allows both schools to operate single-sex classes in a coeducational environment. The schools were founded by the Schools of the Sacred Heart, a local organization that traces its lineage to 1887.

Broadway (San Francisco)
Broadway is an east–west street in San Francisco that runs from The Embarcadero to the Pacific Heights neighborhood. The neon-lined stretch of Broadway through North Beach was historically the city's red-light district, home to strip clubs and other adult businesses, as well as many nightclubs and bars, and has been featured in several films and television shows. The street is home to several notable venues, such as the Showgirls theater, Convent of the Sacred Heart High School, and the City Lights Bookstore. West of the Broadway Tunnel, Broadway becomes more and more residential, moving from multiple dwelling units into two of the city's wealthier neighborhoods, Cow Hollow and Pacific Heights. It ends at Lyon Street and the Presidio which is gated to vehicular traffic.
24th Infantry Division (Poland)
Polish 24th Infantry Division (Polish: 24. Dywizja Piechoty) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period, which took part in the Polish September Campaign. The Division was created in 1921, and its first commandants were: General Jan Hempel (until 1926), General Wacław Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz, Colonel Boleslaw Maria Krzyzanowski (until September 9, 1939), and Colonel Boleslaw Schwarzenberg-Czerny (in the final days of the September 1939 campaign). The 24th Division's headquarters were located in Jarosław, with some regiments stationed in nearby cities of Rzeszów and Przemyśl. It consisted of:

17th Infantry Regiment (Rzeszów),

38th Infantry Regiment of Lwów Rifles (Przemyśl),

39th Infantry Regiment of Lwów Rifles (Jarosław),

24th Light Artillery Regiment of King Jan III Sobieski (Jarosław).

Jarosław
Jarosław (Polish: [jaˈrɔswaf] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Ярослав, romanized: Yaroslav, IPA: [jɐroˈslɑu̯]; Yiddish: יאַרעסלאָוו, romanized: Yareslov; German: Jaroslau) is a town in southeastern Poland, situated on the San River. The town had 35,475 inhabitants in 2023. It is the capital of Jarosław County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.
Greyfield Inn
Greyfield Inn is a hotel on Cumberland Island in Camden County, Georgia, the only hotel on the island. The inn is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.  It was opened to the public as an inn in 1962  in a Colonial Revival-style house named Greyfield located on an estate of the same name; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

The NRHP-listed area is 203 acres (0.82 km2) and includes six contributing buildings and four contributing structures.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
McCarran Amendment
The McCarran Amendment, 43 U.S.C. § 666 (1952) is a federal law enacted by the United States Congress in 1952 which waives the United States' sovereign immunity in suits concerning ownership or management of water rights. It amended Chapter 15 (Appropriation of Waters; Reservoir Sites) of Title 43 (Public Lands) of the United States Code. The McCarran Amendment gives others the right to join in such a lawsuit as a defendant. Prior to the Amendment, sovereign immunity kept the United States from being joined in any suits. The Amendment enabled suits concerning federal water rights to be tried in state courts.

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
How Many Billboards? Art Instead
How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The 2010 exhibition concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists.

Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked,  Dr. Gloria Sutton and Lisa Henry, the exhibition asked artists "to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape". Contemporary artist Martha Rosler and Josh Neufeld were among the commissioned artists.

Martha Rosler
Martha Rosler (born 1943) is an American artist. She is a conceptual artist who works in photography and photo text, video, installation, sculpture, site-specific and performance, as well as writing about art and culture. Rosler's work is centered on everyday life and the public sphere, often with an eye to women's experience. Recurrent concerns are the media and war, as well as architecture and the built environment, from housing and homelessness to places of passage and systems of transport.
Applications of capacitors
Capacitors have many uses in electronic and electrical systems. They are so ubiquitous that it is rare that an electrical product does not include at least one for some purpose. Capacitors allow only AC signals to pass when they are charged blocking DC signals.
The main components of filters are capacitors.
Capacitors have the ability to connect one circuit segment to another.
Capacitors are used by Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) devices to represent binary information as bits.

Snubber
A snubber is a device used to suppress ("snub") a phenomenon such as voltage transients in electrical systems, pressure transients in fluid systems (caused by for example water hammer) or excess force or rapid movement in mechanical systems.
WELY
WELY (1450 AM) and WELY-FM (94.5 FM) are a pair of simulcast radio stations based in the town of Ely, Minnesota, United States. WELY serves the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, which Ely is a popular gateway to, and surrounding towns and areas of northeastern Minnesota. The stations were sold to Wisconsin company Civic Media as of February 2025.

WELY (AM) was founded in 1954; WELY-FM was added in 1992. The new radio station, established as part of the 2025 revival of the station, is downtown. Both stations share a transmitter site south of town.

Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW or BWCA) is a vast wilderness in the Superior National Forest of northeastern Minnesota. It comprises 1,090,000 acres (440,000 ha) of pristine forests, glacial lakes, and streams. Located at the Boundary Waters, it is administered by of the United States Forest Service.

Efforts to preserve the primitive landscape began in the 1900s and culminated in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act of 1978. The area is a popular destination for canoeing, hiking, and fishing, and is the most visited wilderness in the United States.: 10
Cara (surname)
Cara is a surname of multiple origins. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessia Cara, Canadian singer

Ana Cara, Argentine creolist, translator, and professor

Cécilia Cara (born 5 June 1984) is a French actress and singer

Daniel Cara, Brazilian educator, political scientist, and politician

Gaetano Cara (1803–1877), Italian archaeologist and naturalist primarily interested in ornithology

Irene Cara (1959–2022), American singer and actress

Jean-Paul Cara (born 1948), French singer and composer

Mac Cara (1914–1993), American footballer

Marchetto Cara (c. 1470 – c. 1520), Italian singer and composer of the Renaissance

Robyn Cara, British actress

Albanian family name:
Dervish Cara, Albanian revolutionary leader
Engjëll Cara
Et'hem Cara
Igli Cara
Indrit Cara
Parid Cara
Tedi Cara

Engjëll Cara
Engjëll Cara (born 20 July 1965 in Kavajë) is a politician and former member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party. He studied veterinary medicine and graduated from Tirana's University of Agriculture in 1987. Cara began his career as a politician in 2001 when he won the elections for the leader of DP in Kavajë. He carried this post for eight years. In 2005, he was chosen Deputy in the Parliament of Albania. Engjëll Cara was elected for a second time as Democratic Party leader of the Kavajë branch on 28 June 2014, defeating opponent Isa Sakja. He is married and has two daughters.
Soyen Shaku
Soyen Shaku (釈 宗演, January 10, 1860 – October 29, 1919; written in modern Japanese Shaku Sōen or Kōgaku Shaku Sōen) was the first Zen Buddhist master to teach in the United States. He was a rōshi of the Rinzai school and was abbot of both Kenchō-ji and Engaku-ji temples in Kamakura, Japan. Soyen was a disciple of Imakita Kosen.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Stream function
In fluid dynamics, two types of stream function (or streamfunction) are defined:

The two-dimensional (or Lagrange) stream function, introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1781, is defined for incompressible (divergence-free), two-dimensional flows.

The Stokes stream function, named after George Gabriel Stokes, is defined for incompressible, three-dimensional flows with axisymmetry.

The properties of stream functions make them useful for analyzing and graphically illustrating flows.

The remainder of this article describes the two-dimensional stream function.

Incompressible flow
In fluid mechanics, or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow is a flow in which the material density does not vary over time. Equivalently, the divergence of an incompressible flow velocity is zero. Under certain conditions, the flow of compressible fluids can be modelled as incompressible flow to a good approximation.
2013 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool B
Group B of the 2013 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2013 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round-robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group III.

2013 Fed Cup
The 2013 Fed Cup (also known as the 2013 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 51st edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis.

The draw took place on 6 June 2012 in Paris, France.

The final took place at the Tennis Club Cagliari in Cagliari, Italy on 1–2 November. The home and three time champions Italy defeated the fourth-seeded Russia, to win their fourth title.
King Henry (song)
"King Henry" (Child 32, Roud 3967) is an English-language folk song. It is a version of the tale of the loathly lady. This form of the tale appears in Hrólfr Kraki's saga and also in the Scottish tale "The Daughter Of King Under-Waves". A similar bride is found in "The Marriage of Sir Gawain".

The Vaughan Williams catalogue has an entry with Mrs Anna Brown of Fifeshire as the source singer, collected 1792 - 94.   There is version of the ballad in Walter Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, derived from a manuscript held by Mrs. Brown.

Rupert Ferguson has suggested that the character King Henrie may take inspiration from Ynyr Gwent (b. c.430), a Welsh prince who married Madryn, the daughter of Gwrthefyr fab Gwrtheyrn, to claim the Gwentish throne, and/or Prince Henry of Scotland (1114 - 1152), the son and heir apparent of David I, King of Scots.

Hrólfr Kraki
Hrólfr Kraki (Old Norse: [ˈhroːlvz̠ ˈkrɑke]), Hroðulf, Rolfo, Roluo, Rolf Krage (early 6th century) was a semi-legendary Danish king who appears in both Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian tradition.

Both traditions describe him as a Danish Scylding, the nephew of Hroðgar and the grandson of Healfdene. The consensus view is that Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian traditions describe the same people. Whereas the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and Widsith do not go further than treating his relationship with Hroðgar and their animosity with Froda and Ingeld, the Scandinavian sources expand on his life as the king at Lejre and on his relationship with Halga, Hroðgar's brother. In Beowulf and Widsith, it is never explained how Hroðgar and Hroðulf are uncle and nephew.
Maria Josep Colomer i Luque
Maria Josep Colomer i Luque (31 March 1913 – 24 May 2004), better known as Mari Pepa Colomer, was one of the pioneers of Spanish aviation. She was the first female flight instructor in Spain and the first Catalan woman (third Spanish woman) to earn a pilot's license.

She fought in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side, and went into exile after the war, never flying again.

Pilot licensing and certification
Pilot licensing or certification refers to permits for operating aircraft. Flight crew licences are issued by the civil aviation authority of each country, which must establish that the holder has met minimum knowledge and experience before issuing licences. The licence, along with the required class or type rating, allows a pilot to fly aircraft registered in the licence issuing state.