hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natisone Valley dialect
The Natisone Valley dialect (Natisone Valley: nedìško narèčje; Slovene: nadiško narečje [naˈdíːʃkɔ naˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ], nadiščina; Italian: dialetto natisoniano), or Nadiža dialect, is a Slovene dialect spoken mainly in Venetian Slovenia, but also in a small part of Slovenia. It is one of the two dialects in the Littoral dialect group to have its own written form, along with Resian. It is closely related to the Torre Valley dialect, which has a higher degree of vowel reduction but shares practically the same accented vowel system. It borders the Torre Valley dialect to the northwest, the Soča dialect to the northeast, the Karst dialect to the southeast, the Brda dialect to the south, and Friulian to the west. The dialect belongs to the Littoral dialect group, and it evolved from Venetian–Karst dialect base.

Akanye
Akanye (Russian: аканье [ˈakənʲjɪ]) or akanje (Belarusian: аканне [ˈakanʲːe]; lit. 'a-ing') is a sound change in Slavic languages in which the phonemes /o/ or /e/ are realized as more or less close to [a]. It is a case of vowel reduction.

The most familiar example is probably Russian akanye (pronounced but not systematically represented orthographically in the standard language). Akanye also occurs in:

Standard Belarusian (represented orthographically)

Northern (Polissian and Slobozhan) Ukrainian dialects

Slovene dialects (e.g., Lower Carniolan dialects),

Some subgroups of the Kajkavian dialect of Croatian

Bulgarian dialects (e.g., the Rhodope dialects, including the Smolyan dialect).

Polish dialects (Podlasie, Kresy)
Oleksandr Oles
Oleksandr Oles (born Oleksandr Ivanovych Kandyba, Ukrainian: Олександр Іванович Кандиба; 1878–1944) was a prominent Ukrainian writer and poet. He is the father of another Ukrainian poet and political activist, Oleh Olzhych, who perished in the Nazi labor camps in 1944. He was tortured and later found dead in his cell at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

Labor camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, intended to abolish camps of forced labor.

In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals per se, but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes.
EDHEC Business School
The École des Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord, commonly known as EDHEC Business School or simply EDHEC, is a French business school and grande école founded in 1906. It has campuses in Lille, Nice, and Paris, as well as in London and Singapore.

EDHEC is accredited by EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA (triple accreditation). In 2019, EDHEC had 8,600 students enrolled in traditional graduate and undergraduate programmes, 245 exchange and double-degree agreements, and an alumni network of more than 40,000 members across 125 countries.

EDHEC Business School is generally ranked among the top 5 business schools in France and the top 10 in Europe.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
Holmes heart
Holmes heart is a rare congenital heart disease with absence of the inflow tract of the morphologically right ventricle (RV) and hence a single left ventricle (LV). The great vessels are normally related, with the pulmonary artery arising from the small infundibular outlet chamber, and the aorta arising from the single left ventricle.

The Holmes heart is named after Dr. Andrew F. Holmes, who first described an autopsy specimen of this congenital heart defect in 1824. Dr. Holmes later became the first Dean of the Medical Faculty at McGill University in Canada.

Pulmonary artery
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk  from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli.
Enemonzo
Enemonzo (Friulian: Enemonç) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine.

Enemonzo borders the following municipalities: Preone, Raveo, Socchieve, Verzegnis, Villa Santina.

Province of Udine
The province of Udine (Italian: provincia di Udine; Friulian: provincie di Udin; Slovene: Videmska pokrajina; Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä; German: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia, with the capital in the city of Udine. Abolished on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Udine; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Udin; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Videm), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a population of 516,323 over an area of 4,969.30 square kilometres (1,918.66 mi2) across its 134 municipalities.
Swimming at the 1987 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1987 Pan American Games took place on 13 August at the Indiana University Natatorium. The last Pan American Games champion was Laurie Lehner of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.

1987 Pan American Games
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Aisby, South Kesteven
Aisby is a village in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north from the A52 road and 6 miles (10 km) north-east from Grantham.

Aisby is written in the Domesday Book as "Asebi".

Once a small hamlet belonging to the nearby Culverthorpe Estate, the village was sold off in lots in 1918 and is now expanded with additional building of housing since 1990. Aisby has other spellings in official records, including censuses, such as "Azeby" or "Hazeby".

Culverthorpe
Culverthorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Culverthorpe and Kelby, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies  5 miles (8 km) south-west from Sleaford, 9 miles (14 km) north-east from Grantham and 3 miles (5 km) south-east from Ancaster.
Tseko Taabe
Tseko Benedict Taabe is a South African politician who represented Mpumalanga in the National Council of Provinces during the 23rd South African Parliament from 1999 to 2004. He was a member of the African National Congress. In 2006, he pled guilty in the trial resulting from the Travelgate scandal.

After leaving Parliament, Taabe was a businessman. He was also involved in local government in Mpumalanga: he was appointed as administrator in Thaba Chweu Local Municipality and deputy administrator in Thembisile Hani Local Municipality when the towns were placed under administration in 2005 and 2010 respectively. In September 2015, he announced that he had resigned from the ANC to join the opposition Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). Six months later, EFF provincial leader Collen Sedibe said that he had left the party to return to the ANC.

23rd South African Parliament
The 23rd South African Parliament was the second Parliament of South Africa since the introduction of non-racial government in South Africa in 1994. It was elected in the 2 June, 1999 general election, and was opened by newly-elected president Thabo Mbeki's State of the Nation address in a joint sitting on 14 June 1999. It held its final session in early 2004, before the April 2004 elections.
WCCW
WCCW might refer to:

WCCW (AM), a radio station at 1310 AM licensed to Traverse City, Michigan

WCCW-FM, a radio station at 107.5 FM licensed to Traverse City, Michigan

World Class Championship Wrestling, defunct professional wrestling promotion based in Texas which went out of business in 1990

Women's Center for Creative Work, is a network of women based in Los Angeles who promote art and feminism.

Washington Corrections Center for Women, a woman's prison in Gig Harbor, Washington

Gig Harbor, Washington
Gig Harbor (Lushootseed: txʷaalqəɬ) is the name of both a bay on Puget Sound and a city on its shore in Pierce County, Washington. The population was 12,029 at the 2020 census.

Gig Harbor bills itself as "the Maritime City" and maintains a strong connection to its maritime heritage. Due to its close access to several state and city parks, and historic waterfront that includes boutiques and fine dining, it has become a popular tourist destination. Gig Harbor is located along State Route 16, about 6 mi (9.7 km) from its origin at Interstate 5, over the Tacoma Narrows Bridge.
Corno Guazza
Corno Guazza is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy. It is located within the Bergamo Alps.

The elevation is reached from the town of Ponte Nossa, following a particularly steep slope, to the top of Corno Falò, from where, w the main peak of Corno Guazza can be reached.
The elevation top provides a wide view of the mountains of the upper Seriana Valley: the nearby Pizzo Frol (1,050 m), a mountain that was the subject of a campaign to introduce mouflon by the province of Bergamo during 2002-2003.

Mouflon
The mouflon (Ovis gmelini) is a wild sheep native to Cyprus, and the Caspian region, including eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran. It is also found in parts of Europe. It is thought to be the ancestor of all modern domestic sheep breeds.
Liknades
Liknades is a village located in the Voio municipality, situated in western Kozani regional unit, in the Greek region of Western Macedonia. The village is 75 kilometers west of the town of Kozani. The community consists of the villages Liknades and Lefki.

Liknades's elevation is 741 meters above sea level. At the 2021 census the population was 29.

On a hilltop located in the side of the village were discovered the remains of an important ancient settlement of Elimiotis.

Liknades was a mixed village and a part of its population were Greek speaking Muslim Vallahades. In 1923, 160 inhabitants (30 families) were Muslim in Liknades.

Kozani (regional unit)
Kozani (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Κοζάνης, romanized: Perifereiakí Enótita Kozánis) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Kozani.
Apraxia of speech
Apraxia of speech (AOS), also called verbal apraxia, is a speech sound disorder affecting an individual's ability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans, which results in limited and difficult speech ability. By the definition of apraxia, AOS affects volitional (willful or purposeful) movement pattern. However, AOS usually also affects automatic speech.

People with AOS have difficulty connecting speech messages from the brain to the mouth. AOS is a loss of prior speech ability resulting from a brain injury such as a stroke or progressive illness.

Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), is an inability to utilize motor planning to perform movements necessary for speech during a child's language learning process. Although the causes differ between AOS and DVD, the main characteristics and treatments are similar.

Motor planning
In psychology and neuroscience, motor planning is a set of processes related to the preparation of a movement that occurs during the reaction time (the time between the presentation of a stimulus to a person and that person's initiation of a motor response). Colloquially, the term applies to any process involved in the preparation of a movement during the reaction time, including perception-related and action-related processes.
Agdistis ingens
Agdistis ingens is a moth in the family Pterophoridae. It is known from southern Russia, China (Gansu), Mongolia, Tadzhikistan, Kirghistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.

The wingspan is 32–35 mm.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Documentary Script – Other Than Current Events
The Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Documentary Script – Other Than Current Events is an award presented by the Writers Guild of America to the best writing in a documentary about topics other than current events. It was first awarded at the 40th Writers Guild of America Awards, being the program The Grizzlies the inaugural winner of the category.

Nova (American TV program)
Nova (stylized as NOVΛ) is an American popular science television program produced by WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, since 1974. It is broadcast on PBS in the United States, and in more than 100 other countries. The program has won many major television awards.

Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing research in the subject areas covered and occasionally includes footage of a particular discovery. Some episodes have focused on the history of science. Examples of topics covered include the following: 
Colditz Castle,
the Drake equation,
elementary particles,
the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens,
Fermat's Last Theorem,
the AIDS epidemic, 
global warming,
moissanite,
Project Jennifer,
storm chasing,
Unterseeboot 869,
Vinland,
Tarim mummies, 
and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Nova programs have been praised for their pacing, writing, and editing. Websites that accompany the segments have also won awards.
Choristoma
Choristomas, a form of heterotopia, are masses of normal tissues found in abnormal locations. In contrast to a neoplasm or tumor, the growth of a choristoma is normally regulated.

It is different from a hamartoma. The two can be differentiated as follows: a hamartoma is disorganized overgrowth of tissues in their normal location (e.g., Peutz–Jeghers polyps), while a choristoma is normal tissue growth in an abnormal location (e.g., osseous choristoma, gastric tissue located in distal ileum in Meckel diverticulum).

Ileum
The ileum (/ˈɪliəm/) is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. Its main function is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.

The ileum follows the duodenum and jejunum and is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve (ICV). In humans, the ileum is about 2–4 m long, and the pH is usually between 7 and 8 (neutral or slightly basic).

Ileum is derived from the Greek word εἰλεός (eileós), referring to a medical condition known as ileus.
David Silverman (animator)
David Silverman (born March 15, 1957) is an American animator who has directed numerous episodes of the animated television series The Simpsons, as well as its 2007 film adaptation. Silverman was involved with the series from the very beginning, animating all of the original short Simpsons cartoons that aired on The Tracey Ullman Show. He went on to serve as director of animation for several years. He also did the animation for the 2016 film The Edge of Seventeen, which was produced by Gracie Films.

The Edge of Seventeen
The Edge of Seventeen is a 2016 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Kelly Fremon Craig, in her directorial debut. The film stars Hailee Steinfeld, Woody Harrelson, Kyra Sedgwick, and Haley Lu Richardson.

The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 16, 2016, and was theatrically released on November 18, 2016, by STXfilms.

It received positive reviews, with Steinfeld's performance being critically acclaimed. The film grossed more than $19.4 million against a budget of $9 million.
ESAF Small Finance Bank
ESAF Small Finance Bank (formerly known as ESAF Microfinance and Investments) is an Indian small finance bank headquartered in Thrissur, Kerala, providing banking services and small loans to the underbanked. Having started its operations as an NGO in 1992 under the name of Evangelical Social Action Forum, ESAF Microfinance was a non-banking finance company and microfinance institution (NBFC-MFI), licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It became a small finance bank in March 2017 and started operating in January 2018.

Underbanked
The underbanked is a characteristic describing people or organizations who do not (or volunteer to not) have sufficient access to mainstream financial services and products typically offered by retail banks and thus often deprived of banking services such as credit cards or loans. The underbanked can be characterized by a strong reliance on non-traditional forms of finance and micro-finance often associated with disadvantaged and the poor, such as cheque cashers, loan sharks and pawnbrokers.

Many people who are classified as underbanked may also have a language barrier, such as migrant workers, be unable to access banking facilities due to distance, such as the elderly, or simply feel uncomfortable using automated teller machines.

The underbanked are a distinct group from the unbanked, who are characterized by having no banking facilities at all.
David Holm
David Holm is an Australian researcher and translator, nominated for the 2018 Medal for Excellence in Translation for and winner of the Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators's Excellence in Translation award. A professor at National Chengchi University, he is best known for his work on Zhuang texts.

National Chengchi University
National Chengchi University (NCCU; Chinese: 國立政治大學; pinyin: Guólì Zhèngzhì Dàxué; lit. 'National Political Science University') is a public research university in Taipei, Taiwan. It was founded in Nanjing, China, in 1927 as a training institution for officials in the National Government of the Republic of China, then moved to Taiwan in 1954 as the first reestablished national university there.

The university has an urban campus of approximately 103 hectares (250 acres) in the Wenshan District and provides undergraduate and graduate instruction with a specialization in the arts and humanities and social sciences. It consists of twelve colleges, such as the College of Commerce and College of Foreign Languages, in addition to 34 departments and ten research institutes that host 43 master's programs, 34 doctoral programs, and multiple international degree programs.
Greg Landau
Greg Landau is an American, San Francisco-based record and video producer, and an instructor of music and Latin American Studies focused on the social movements that produced revolutionary music and art.

He has produced eight Grammy nominated records and has produced over 80 CDs and numerous film scores including serving as Music Supervisor of the film La Mission. He produced the album "Songs from La Mission".

La Mission (film)
La Mission is a 2009 drama film starring Benjamin Bratt and Jeremy Ray Valdez. It is written and directed by Peter Bratt (Benjamin's brother). The film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and screened at various festivals, including the San Francisco International Film Festival and the Palm Springs International Film Festival. It received a limited release beginning April 9, 2010.
Battle Royale (American Horror Story)
"Battle Royale" is the eleventh episode of the fifth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on January 6, 2016, on the cable network FX. This episode was written by Ned Martel and directed by Michael Uppendahl.

Michael Uppendahl
Michael Uppendahl is an American television and film director.

He is well known for his work on the AMC period drama Mad Men; the FX shows American Horror Story, Fargo, and Legion; and the Fox musical/dramedy Glee.
Threnody
A threnody is a wailing ode, song, hymn or poem of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person. The term originates from the Greek word θρηνῳδία (threnoidia), from θρῆνος (threnos, "wailing") and ᾠδή (oide, "ode"), the latter ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂weyd- ("to sing") that is also the precursor of such words as "ode", "tragedy", "comedy", "parody", "melody" and "rhapsody".

Similar terms include "dirge", "coronach", "lament" and "elegy". The Epitaphios Threnos is the lamentation chanted in the Eastern Orthodox Church on Holy Saturday. John Dryden commemorated the death of Charles II of England in the long poem Threnodia Augustalis, and Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a "Threnody" in memory of his son.

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation
The Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation was an Ottawa reservation located along the Maumee River in Northwestern Ohio until slightly after 1830.

The reservation consisted of the villages of Nawash and Kinjoano (or Kinjoino's Town) on the north side of the Maumee. Nawash's Town, establlished around 1819, was named after its chief, Nawash, a Saugeen Ojibwe war chief who fought beside Tecumseh in the War of 1812.

There was also a village of Tontongany on the south side of the Maumee, located about 2.8 miles north of today's town of Tontogany. This village was not part of the reservation but was inhabited by Ottawas as well.

The reservation essentially stretched from just west of Waterville, Ohio to slightly east of Prairie Damascus, Ohio.

The reservation was established in 1807 and dissolved in 1831.

Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.