hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spying on the United Nations
Various states have committed espionage against the United Nations since its foundation in 1945. The UN claims that such acts are illegal under a number of international treaties, including the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the 1947 agreement between the United Nations and the United States, and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.

In one notable incident, the US and other Western countries were found to be spying on the UN in March 2003, in the run-up to the Iraq War, and actual bugging devices were found inside the UN. In 2010, leaked diplomatic cables revealed that US diplomats had been spying on UN leaders. On 25 August 2013, Der Spiegel revealed US National Security Agency secretly monitored the U.N.'s internal video conferencing system via decryption in 2012.

Today (BBC Radio 4)
Today, colloquially known as the Today programme, is BBC Radio 4's long-running morning news and current-affairs radio programme. Broadcast on Monday to Saturday from 06:00 to 09:00 (starting on Saturday at 07:00), it is produced by BBC News and is the highest-rated programme on Radio 4 and one of the BBC's most popular programmes across its radio networks. In-depth political interviews and reports are interspersed with regular news bulletins, as well as Thought for the Day. It has been voted the most influential news programme in Britain in setting the political agenda, with an average weekly listening audience around 6 million.
Peter Ward (New York politician)
Peter Ward (September 30, 1827 – May 10, 1891) was a New York businessman and politician. From 1851–1859, Ward was the superintendent of the Newburgh Branch of the Erie Railroad. He also worked for the New York, Ontario and Western Railway and the New Jersey Southern Railroad. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the mayor of Newburgh, New York, from March 13, 1882, to March 11, 1884. In 1889, Ward was elected in a special election to represent the 13th district in the New York State Senate following the death of Senator Henry R. Low. He was sworn in on February 11, 1889, and served until the completion of the 112th New York State Legislature on December 31, 1889. Ward died on May 10, 1891, aged 63, just months after having his tongue removed in surgery.

New Jersey Southern Railroad
The New Jersey Southern Railroad was a railroad that started in 1854. It would continue under this name until the 1870s as a separate company and the lines that it had constructed or run continued to be run in the New Jersey Southern name until the early 2000s.
Gene Murphy (American football, born 1939)
Eugene Vincent Murphy (August 6, 1939 – October 29, 2011) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of North Dakota from 1978 to 1979 and at California State University, Fullerton from 1980 to 1992, compiling a career college football coaching record 74–96–1.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Honorary weapons of Russia
Russia has a long history of awarding honorary weapons, which is part of its military traditions and culture. This practice is related to the country's complex system of orders, decorations and medals.

Culture of the Russian Armed Forces
The Culture of the Russian Armed Forces is widely varied, but unique amongst the branches of the armed forces, and shared with the other uniformed organizations within Russia. Military culture is the most important component of military life. The major cultural events held by the Russian military are primarily aimed at strengthening esprit de corps as well as advancing the historical traditions of the Armed Forces of Russia. The Ministry of Defence of Russia regularly holds cultural events at various levels. The central cultural institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are actively working in all military districts.
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping is a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine. It seeks to separate the clinical presentations or clusters of signs and symptoms of asthma, known as asthma phenotypes, from their underlying etiologies or causes, known as asthma endotypes.

Asthma endotyping is useful in predicting which patients will benefit from inhaled corticosteroids or targeted therapy using specific biologics, while phenotyping can help predict disease outcomes. Numerous asthma phenotypes and endotypes have been proposed, though not all have been validated or widely accepted.

Physical examination
In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally consists of a series of questions about the patient's medical history followed by an examination based on the reported symptoms. Together, the medical history and the physical examination help to determine a diagnosis and devise the treatment plan. These data then become part of the medical record.
2002 Santiago Sevens
The 2001 Santiago Sevens was a rugby sevens tournament held at the Estadio San Carlos de Apoquindo in Santiago. The tournament took place from 4–5 January 2002 and was the first edition of the Santiago Sevens and was also the second leg of the 2001–02 World Sevens Series.

Sixteen teams was separated into four groups of four with the top two teams qualifying through to the cup final while the bottom two competed in the bowl. After finishing top of their group, New Zealand went on to be champions title after defeating first-time cup finalists Argentina 21–7. In the plate final, Samoa defeated England 21–12. In the bowl final United States defeated Canada 32–5. In the shield final Uruguay defeated Chile 19–10.

Chile national rugby sevens team
The Chile national rugby sevens team is a minor national sevens side. They have made three appearances at the Rugby World Cup Sevens; they also compete in the Pan American Games, and have featured in the World Rugby Sevens Series.
Qingshui Cliff
Qingshui Cliff (Chinese: 清水斷崖; Hanyu Pinyin: Qīngshuǐ Duànyá; Tongyong Pinyin: Cingshuěi Duànyá; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing1-shui3 Tuan4ya2) is a 21 kilometer length of coastal cliffs averaging 800 meters above sea level in Xiulin Township, Hualien County, Taiwan. The tallest peak, Qingshui Mountain, rises 2408 meters directly from the Pacific Ocean. The cliff is located at the southern part of the Suhua Highway that connects the counties of Yilan and Hualien in eastern Taiwan. It is considered to be a very scenic area  and is the highest coastal cliff in Taiwan. It is located within Taroko National Park.

Hualien City
Hualien (pinyin: Huālián Shì; Wade-Giles: Hua¹-lien² Shih⁴; Hokkien POJ: Hoa-lian-chhī or Hoa-liân-chhī) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Hualien County, Taiwan. It is located on the east coast of Taiwan on the Pacific Ocean, and has a population of 99,458 inhabitants.
Dan Mortensen
Daniel Earl Mortensen (born December 16, 1968) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in saddle bronc riding. He competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and won seven world championships; six in saddle bronc riding and one all-around.

Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
The Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) is the largest rodeo organization in the world. It sanctions events in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with members from said countries, as well as others. Its championship event is the National Finals Rodeo (NFR). The PRCA is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
Khlong Khoi subdistrict, Nonthaburi
Khlong Khoi (Thai: คลองข่อย, pronounced [kʰlɔ̄ːŋ kʰɔ̀j]) is one of the twelve subdistricts (tambon) of Pak Kret District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. Neighbouring subdistricts are (from north clockwise) Lat Lum Kaeo, Khlong Phra Udom (Pathum Thani Province), Bang Khu Wat, Bang Tanai, Khlong Phra Udom (Nonthaburi Province), Bang Phlap, Lahan, Lam Pho, Lahan and Namai. In 2020 it had a total population of 8,383 people.

Pak Kret district
Pak Kret (Thai: ปากเกร็ด, pronounced [pàːk krèt]) is a district (amphoe) in the northeastern part of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand. The district is most notable for Muang Thong Thani, Ko Kret and Central Chaengwattana. The MRT Pink Line and Udon Ratthaya Expressway serves part of the district.
1975 Torneo Godó – Men's singles
The 1975 Torneo Godó – Men's singles was an event of the 1975 Torneo Godó tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain, between 13 October and 19 October 1975. The draw comprised 64 players and 16 of them were seeded. Third-seeded Ilie Năstase was the defending Torneo Godó singles champion but lost in the quarterfinal to Jaime Fillol. Fourth-seeded Björn Borg won the singles title after a win in the final against seventh-seeded Adriano Panatta, 1–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2.

Adriano Panatta
Adriano Panatta (born 9 July 1950) is a retired Italian professional tennis player. He won the French Open in 1976, becoming the first Italian man in the Open Era to win a major singles title. Panatta was also the only player ever to defeat Björn Borg at Roland Garros, doing so twice.

From 2018 to 2021, he was a regular guest of the RAI sport broadcast Quelli che... il Calcio.
Thom Mpinganjira
Thom Mpinganjira is a Malawian businessperson and philanthropist. He is the founder and former CEO of FDH Financial Holdings Limited. He has also served as a council member of the Bankers Association of Malawi. He was a Trustee of the University of Malawi Alumni Association.

Previously, Mpinganjira was a chairman of Malawi Investments Promotion Agency. He was also a member of the Institute of Bankers in Malawi before becoming a chairman of the Stakeholders Committee of Millennium Challenge Account.

Mpinganjira was the chairman of the Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM). Mpinganjira is also a member of the Ethical and Investigations Committee for the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

University of Malawi
The University of Malawi (UNIMA; Chichewa: Yunivesite ya Malaŵi) is a public university established in 1965 and until 4 May 2021, when the university underwent a delinking, was composed of four constituent colleges located in Zomba, Blantyre, and Lilongwe. Of the four colleges, the largest is Chancellor College in Zomba (now the University of Malawi under Vice-Chancellor Professor Samson Sajidu). It is part of the Malawian government educational system. The last Vice-Chancellor was Professor John Kalenga Saka.
Aboab family
The Aboab family (Hebrew: אבוהב, Abuhav; Arabic: ابوآب, Abuwab; Turkish: Abuaf; Slavic: Abuyav) is an old and distinguished Western Sephardic family, originally from Aragon, Spain. The family has produced several notable rabbis, scholars, physicians, and merchants - especially achieving prominence in Amsterdam, Venice and Hamburg. The progenitor of the family is Rav Abraham Aboab, who, in 1263 was given a tower in Altea, Aragon with the surrounding dairy farms along with a heraldic achievement by James I of Aragon. Some have suggested that Aboab is a spelling of the Arabic "Abdelwahab", which means "the benefactor’s servant", while others have stated that it derives from the town of Umm al-Abohav in Tunisia.

Altea
Altea (Valencian: [alˈtea], Spanish: [alˈtea]) is a city and municipality located in the Valencian Community, Spain, on the section of Mediterranean coast called the Costa Blanca.

At present, the economy of Altea is based on tourism, which started to grow in the 1950s because of its good weather, beaches and the labyrinthine streets with whitewashed house-fronts that characterize the town. Altea is protected on the north by the bluffs of the Serra de Bèrnia, creating an especially mild microclimate. Its seafront esplanade is planted with palms.

The city is notable for being residence of a number of affluent Russian migrants.
Barış Tan
Barış Tan is a Turkish industrial engineer, business scientist and academic, who is the President of Özyeğin University. He is most known for his research in the areas of production systems, supply chain management, and operations management. He served as the vice president of academic affairs, dean of College of Administrative Sciences and Economics and Director of Graduate School of Business at Koç University.

Tan has published over 100 papers and book chapters. He is the recipient of several best paper awards, and has been awarded Turkish Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young Scholar Award, TÜBİTAK fellowship, and NATO Science Fellowship. He served as the manufacturing area editor of Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal and associate editor of IISE Transactions. He also serves in for-profit and non-profit organizations as a board member.

Business studies
Business studies, often simply called business, is a field of study that deals with the principles of business, management, and economics. It combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, and operations. Business studies is a broad subject, where the range of topics is designed to give the student a general overview of the various elements of running a business. The teaching of business studies is known as business education.

Countries in which the subject is taught under the name "business studies" include Mauritius, Oman, Bahrain, South Korea, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Mexico, Singapore,  Malaysia, Cambodia, Kenya, Poland, Malta, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Indonesia.
Kwak Kyung-sup
Kyung Sup Kwak (born 1949) is a South Korean electrical engineer, a professor in the Graduate School of Information Technology and Telecommunication at Inha University, South Korea.

Kwak did his undergraduate studies at Inha University, earning a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1977. He received a master's degree from the University of Southern California in 1981, and a Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 1988. He was president of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences in 2006.

Inha University
Inha University (Korean: 인하대학교; Hanja: 仁荷大學校) is a private research university located in Incheon, South Korea. Known traditionally for research and education in the engineering and physical sciences, the university was established by the first president of South Korea, Syngman Rhee. Inha is a Korean-American collaboration school, even in its name: the Morpheme "In" (인, 仁) comes from the city of Incheon and "Ha" (하, 荷) from Hawaii, USA. Started as a polytechnic university in 1954, named Inha Institute of Technology (Acronym: IIT; Korean, 인하공과대학, Inha Gonggwa Daehak, colloquially Inhagongdae), the institute has been achieving national recognition and a strong reputation as a technological research university thereafter.

Inha University is the most well-known and #1 university in Incheon area. Inha was ranked top 10 nationwide through decades according to Joongang Ilbo's annual rankings of South Korean universities; ranked 8th in 2017. Also, Inha is a member of GU8.
Michael Kay (songwriter)
Michael "Kiladejo" Kay is a British   Nigerian songwriter, Music Executive, and record producer. He is known also for his songwriting and development work with the girl group Choice, and the American singer Pink His songs were instrumental in signing her to Laface records.

Michael is partner with Mathew Knowles in Music World Entertainment Europe and Africa, and is the owner of the independent record label TRE,  which has recorded and released records by  Davido, Jim Jones, and Demola the Violinist.

Kay wrote and produced the song "Together as One" performed by Preeya Kalidas for the movie Bollywood Queen, starring Preeya Kalidas and James McAvoy.

Michael's song "Missing You", was released on SMP, Sony Music Publishing label, which was set up by Sony Music Entertainment for the sole purpose of releasing his record.

Michael is the first cousin of Oba Adesimbo Victor Kiladelo, Jilo III, the 44th Osemawe of Ondo Kingdom, and cousin to Nollywood actress, Omotola Jalade.

Preeya Kalidas
Preeya Kalidas (born 21 June 1980) is an English singer and actress. She played Amira Masood in the soap opera EastEnders, from 2009 to 2012. She released the single "Shimmy" in July 2010, taken from her proposed debut album (I'm Over It) Constant Craving; however, the album was never released.
Hans Herrmann
Hans Herrmann (23 February 1928 – 9 January 2026) was a German Formula One and sports car racing driver from Stuttgart.

In F1, Herrmann participated in 19 World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953. He achieved one podium, and scored a total of 10 championship points.

In sports car racing, Herrmann also scored the first overall win at the 24 Hours of Le Mans for Porsche in 1970, in a Porsche 917.

After the death of Tony Brooks in 2022, Herrmann became the last surviving F1 podium finisher from the 1950s.

AVUS
The Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungsstraße ('Automobile traffic and training road'), known as AVUS (German pronunciation: [ˈaːvʊs] ⓘ), is a public road in Berlin, Germany. Opened in 1921, it was also used as a motor racing circuit until 1998. Today, the AVUS forms the northern part of the Bundesautobahn 115. It hosted several pre-World War II races and one Formula One World Championship race - the 1959 German Grand Prix.
Sicilia (surname)
Sicilia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gina Sicilia (born 1985), American singer, songwriter, and musician

Gustavo Sáenz de Sicilia (1885 – 1950), a Mexican silent film director, producer, journalist, civil engineer, and founder of Compañía Nacional Productora de Películas

Horacio Sicilia (born 1974), Argentine rower

Javier Sicilia (born 1956), Mexican poet, essayist, novelist, peace activist and journalist

Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (born 1949), Spanish cleric

Joan Francesc Ferrer Sicilia (born 1970), Spanish former footballer

José María Sicilia (born 1954), Spanish abstractionist painter

Nina Sicilia (born 1962), Venezuelan model and beauty queen

Pablo Sicilia (born 1981), Spanish former footballer

Sam Sicilia (born 1986), American professional mixed martial artist

Gustavo Sáenz de Sicilia
Gustavo Sáenz de Sicilia Olivares (November 25, 1885 – January 15, 1950) was a Mexican silent film director, producer, journalist, civil engineer, and founder of Compañía Nacional Productora de Películas. Sáenz de Sicilia is regarded as an important figure during the silent era of Mexican cinema as well as a key influence for the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. Throughout his life, he wrote for Excélsior under the pen name Ingeniero Gallo.

A staunch anti-communist, Sáenz de Sicilia was also politically active. He founded the short lived Mexican Fascist Party as well as the far-right Confederation of the Middle Class (Spanish: Confederación de la Clase Media or CCM) organization in the 1920s and 1930s respectively.
Pallipalayam
Pallipalayam is a municipality  in Namakkal district in Komarapalayam taluk in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarter of the Pallipalayam block.

As of 2011, the town had a population of 40,140. It is Twin city of Erode and shares its Pincode with Erode.

Erode Junction railway station
Erode Junction railway station (station code: ED) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is the main railway junction serving the city of Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. Erode Junction is one of the major railway Junction in Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and is located 3 km away from Erode Central Bus Terminus. There is an ISO certified diesel locomotive shed and an electric loco shed attached with Erode Junction.
Andrew Benjamin
Andrew Benjamin  (born 1952, Australia) is an Australian philosopher. He holds a post as distinguished professor at the University of Technology, Sydney. Benjamin first came to critical attention with his writings in continental philosophy, writing articles and editing books on the thinking of Martin Heidegger, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Julia Kristeva and Jean-François Lyotard. Benjamin has become involved in the field of architecture, to the extent that he has also taught in various schools of architecture in UK, US and Australia.

Jean-François Lyotard
Jean-François Lyotard (/liːoʊˈtɑːr/; French: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa ljɔtaʁ]; 10 August 1924 – 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist. His interdisciplinary discourse spans such topics as epistemology and communication, the human body, modern art and postmodern art, literature and critical theory, music, film, time and memory, space, the city and landscape, the sublime, and the relation between aesthetics and politics. He is best known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the impact of postmodernity on the human condition. Lyotard was a key personality in contemporary continental philosophy and authored 26 books and many articles. He was a director of the International College of Philosophy founded by Jacques Derrida, François Châtelet, Jean-Pierre Faye, and Dominique Lecourt.
Choerophryne rhenaurum
Choerophryne rhenaurum is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and is only known from its type locality, Moiyokabip in the upper Ok Tedi catchment in the Western Province.

Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo.

The provincial government has, as with the governments of  North Solomons, Chimbu and Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea.
Matti Lonkainen
Matti Pekanpoika Lonkainen (14 April 1874 – 14 November 1918) was a Finnish smallholder, politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he represented Kuopio Province East between June 1909 and May 1918. He died in captivity following the Finnish Civil War.

Death in custody
A death in custody is a death of a person in the custody of the police or other authorities or while in prison. In the 21st century, death in custody remains a controversial subject, with the authorities often being accused of abuse, neglect and cover-ups of the causes of these deaths.