hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qinghai Television
Qinghai Television  (QHTV) (Chinese: 青海卫视; pinyin: Qīnghǎi Wèishì) is a television network under Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS) in the Xining city and Qinghai province area. It was founded on January 1, 1971. QHTV currently broadcasts in Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Salar.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Jedlany
Jedlany is a municipality and village in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.

Jedlany lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Tábor, 60 km (37 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 70 km (43 mi) south of Prague.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Read (Unix)
read is a command found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It reads a line of input from standard input or a file passed as an argument to its -u flag, and assigns it to one or more variables. Each variable is assigned a successive token (word) from the input where tokens are normally split either by spaces or tabs. If there are more variables than tokens then the remaining variables are unchanged. If there are more tokens than variable then the remaining tokens are assigned to the last variable listed in the command. If the -a flag is used all of the tokens are loaded as separate items into the 1st argument as an array.  It is built into shells such as Bash.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
While We Live
While We Live (Swedish: Medan vi lever) is a 2016 Swedish comedy-drama film written and directed by Burkinabé filmmaker Dani Kouyaté and co-produced by Maria Larsson Guerpillon and Julien Siri. This is his first Swedish film. The film stars Josette Bushell-Mingo, Adam Kanyama and Richard Sseruwagi in lead roles, whereas Marika Lindström, Sten Ljunggren and Philip Lithner made supportive roles. The film was shot at 
Malmö, Sweden.

The film won award for the Best Film by an African Living Abroad at Africa Movie Academy Awards, Lagos, Nigeria. The film also nominated for the Best Editing award and Best Screenplay award at the ceremony.

Josette Bushell-Mingo
Josette Bushell-Mingo OBE (born 16 February 1964) is a Sweden-based English theatre actress and director of African descent, who was born in London and has been living and working in Sweden for many years. In February 2021, the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama announced she had been appointed as the incoming Principal of the School. She is the first person of African descent, the first woman since 1942, and the third woman overall to hold this role. Previously, she served as artistic director for the National Touring Swedish Deaf Theatre ensemble TystTeater for 13 years before accepting a position as the Head of the theatre department at the Stockholm University of the Arts in 2019.
1972 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
The 1972 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the fourth annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's college water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Armond H. Seidler Natatorium in Albuquerque, New Mexico during December 1972.

UCLA defeated UC Irvine in the final, 10–5, to win their third, and second consecutive, national title.

The leading scorer for the tournament was Jim Kruse from UC Irvine (31 goals). The Most Outstanding Player of the tournament was Eric Lindroth from UCLA. Additionally, an All-Tournament Team was named for the first time this year.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Skousen
Skousen is a Danish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

W. Cleon Skousen (1913–2006), American writer, defender of the John Birch Society

Greer Skousen (1916–1988), Mexican-American basketball player

Joel Skousen (born 1946), American writer and survivalist

Mark Skousen (born 1947), American economist

Royal Skousen (born 1945), American professor and Book of Mormon expert

Royal Skousen
Royal Jon Skousen (/ˈskaʊsən/; born August 5, 1945) is an American linguist and retired professor of linguistics and English at Brigham Young University (BYU), where he is editor of the Book of Mormon Critical Text Project.  He is "the leading expert on the textual history of the Book of Mormon" and the founder of the analogical modeling approach to language modeling.
Gorely
Gorely (Russian: Горелый, literally Burnt) is a volcano located in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It consists of five overlapping stratovolcanoes and is one of the most active in southern Kamchatka.
Gorely is a large, long-lived shield-type volcano that is currently in an eruptive phase.  Prior eruptions occurred in 1980-81 and 1984–86.Several complexes compose the overall volcanic structure:

ancient Pra-Gorely volcano which measures 20–25 km in diameter;

a 12 km diameter caldera;

thick stratum of ignimbrites totaling a volume of 100 km3;

post-caldera eruption cinder cones;

modern edifice – “Young Gorely” composed of three large superimposed cones and 11 associated craters forming a NW-SE trending intra-caldera ridgeline;

a complex of 40 modern subsidiary cones on the slopes of  “Young Gorely”.

In 2010, activity began to increase, suggesting the volcano was waking up. A new vent was discovered on the inner southeast wall of the crater.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Community of Saint Martin
The Community of Saint Martin is a Catholic public clerical association of pontifical right, comprising priests and deacons. It was founded in 1976 by Fr Jean-François Guérin, a French priest from the Archdiocese of Tours, under the protection of the Italian cardinal Giuseppe Siri, Archbishop of Genoa. The community focuses on traditionalist liturgy, with its priests wearing cassocks and offering Novus Ordo Mass often in Latin, with Gregorian chant and facing ad orientem.

In 2023, the community included 185 priests and deacons and more than 100 seminarians. Priests of the community work in parishes, schools, nursing homes, chaplaincies, or sanctuaries in 30 dioceses in France, Germany, Austria, Cuba and Italy. The priests and deacons of the community are sent in groups of at least three to live and pray together in a spiritual and practical brotherhood.

Giuseppe Siri
Giuseppe Siri (20 May 1906 – 2 May 1989) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Genoa from 1946 to 1987, and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1953. A protégé of Pope Pius XII, he took part in the Second Vatican Council and was considered a papabile for 20 years, during the conclaves of 1958, 1963, August 1978 and October 1978.
British military narrow-gauge railways
These are narrow-gauge railways at military establishments and former UK Government-owned explosives sites. These locations were often subject to the Official Secrets Act and other government restrictions, so many of them are less well documented.

The industrial use of narrow-gauge railways was quite extensive amongst the various military and civilian explosive factories, for example ICI Nobel's works at Ardeer and the Agency Explosive Factories run by ICI Nobel in the Second World War. In another example, the Ministry of Supply (MOS) Factory Dalbeattie used 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge with a variety of bogie trucks mostly pushed by teams of three to six women. Stores, explosives, chemicals, rubbish and sewage, were all transported on this narrow-gauge system, which used at least 8 miles (13 km) of track.

2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). That gauge was particularly promoted by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in colonies of the British Empire.

Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within engineering tolerance of 762 mm (30.0 in).
Gerhard Diephuis
Gerhardus (Gerard) Diephuis (6 February 1817, Farmsum – 4 November 1892, Groningen) was a Dutch jurist.

After studies in Groningen, he was a judge with the  arrondissement court in Winschoten and later with a higher court in Groningen. In 1840 he married Alagonda Geertruida Hemmes, with whom he had ten children. In 1859 he became a full professor at the university of Groningen. During the period  1864–1865 he was the rector magnificus of this institution.

Diephuis was a leading proponent of legism and of the primacy of legislation. Influenced by French teachings, he wrote numerous textbooks on Dutch civil law. He was also instrumental in further diminishing the influence of Roman and customary law in favour of codified legislation.

University of Groningen
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is the second oldest in the country (after Leiden).

The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175-degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, four Nobel Prize winners, nine Spinoza Prize winners, one Stevin Prize winner, various members of the Dutch royal family, several politicians, the first president of the European Central Bank, and a secretary general of NATO.
Leiostyla abbreviata
Leiostyla abbreviata is an extinct species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lauriidae. It is one of several species sometimes referred as Madeiran land snail.

It is mentioned in annexes II and IV of Habitats Directive.

Leiostyla abbreviata was listed as Critically endangered in the 1996 IUCN Red List, but it is considered to be extinct.

Lauriidae
Lauriidae is a family of land snails. It is classified within the informal group Orthurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

The family Lauriidae has no subfamilies.
Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society
The Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society (HARTS, Chinese: 香港業餘電台聯會) is an organization representing a majority of the amateur radio operators in Hong Kong. HARTS is a charitable institution recognized by the Inland Revenue Department since early 2008. HARTS was established in October 1929, when Hong Kong was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom. HARTS is the member society representing Hong Kong in the International Amateur Radio Union.

The organization's primary mission is to popularize and promote amateur radio in Hong Kong. HARTS operates and maintains beacons and repeaters at Tai Mo Shan, Tate's Cairn, Victoria Peak, and Tin Shui Wai. The organization has provided communications support for charitable groups and events, and has formed a support network for amateur radio emergency communications. One membership benefit of the organization is a QSL bureau for members who regularly make communications with amateur radio operators in other countries.

QSL card
A QSL card is a written confirmation of either a two-way radiocommunication between two amateur radio or citizens band stations; a one-way reception of a signal from an AM radio, FM radio, television or shortwave broadcasting station; or the reception of a two-way radiocommunication by a third party listener. A typical QSL card is the same size and made from the same material as a typical postcard, and most are sent through the mail as such.

QSL card derived its name from the Q code "QSL". A Q code message can stand for a statement or a question (when the code is followed by a question mark). In this case, 'QSL?' (note the question mark) means "Do you confirm receipt of my transmission?" while 'QSL' (without a question mark) means "I confirm receipt of your transmission."
Drusus' Germanic campaign
The Germanic campaigns of Drusus were a series of Roman military operations carried out between 12 and 8 BC against Germanic tribes located east of the Rhine River. These campaigns were led by Nero Claudius Drusus (born in 38 BC), the stepson of Emperor Augustus. Drusus commanded the Roman forces until his death in the fall of 9 BC, possibly from a fall from his horse.

The campaigns began in the late summer of 12 BC, with initial military actions in the Lippe region and along the North Sea coast. They concluded in 8 BC, after many Germanic tribes between the Rhine and the Elbe had been subdued (largely under the command of Drusus’ brother, Tiberius Claudius Nero). The high point of these campaigns came in 9 BC, when Drusus reached the Elbe River. These operations marked the beginning of the Augustan Germanic Wars, which continued for a total of 28 years.

Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs]), commonly referred to as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/ swih-TOH-nee-əs; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum, commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars, a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.
Buildings in Savannah Historic District
The Savannah Historic District is a large urban U.S. historic district that roughly corresponds to the city limits of Savannah, Georgia, prior to the American Civil War.  The area was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, and is one of the largest districts of its kind in the United States.  The district was made in recognition of the unique layout of the city, begun by James Oglethorpe at the city's founding in 1733 and propagated for over the first century of its growth.

The district is about 2 square miles (5.2 km2) in area.  It is bounded by the Savannah River on the north, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard on the west, Gwinnett Street and Forsyth Park on the south, and East Broad Street and Trustees' Garden on the east.

Below is an incomplete list of relevant buildings inside Savannah Historic District:

Forsyth Park
Forsyth Park (formerly known as Forsyth Place and Ward and the Military Parade Ground) is a large city park that occupies 30 acres (0.12 km2) in the historic district of Savannah, Georgia, United States. The park is bordered by Gaston Street to the north, Drayton Street to the east, Park Avenue to the south and Whitaker Street to the west. It contains walking paths, a children's play area, a Fragrant Garden for the blind, a large fountain, tennis courts, basketball courts, areas for soccer and Frisbee, and home field for Savannah Shamrocks Rugby Club. From time to time, there are concerts held at Forsyth to the benefit of the public.
All Balls Don't Bounce
All Balls Don't Bounce is the debut studio album by American rapper Aceyalone. It was released in 1995 on Capitol Records. In 2004, it was re-released on Project Blowed and Decon as All Balls Don't Bounce: Revisited with a bonus disc. It was named by OC Weekly as one of the "Five Classic West Coast Rap Albums Turning 20 in 2015".

OC Weekly
OC Weekly was a free alternative weekly paper distributed in Orange County and Long Beach, California. It was founded in September 1995 by Will Swaim, who acted as editor and publisher until 2007.

The paper was distributed at coffee shops, bookstores, clothing stores, convenience stores, and street boxes. OC Weekly printed art and entertainment listings for both Orange and Los Angeles counties. As of 2016, it had a total circulation of 45,000 papers with an estimated readership of 225,000.

On November 27, 2019, Duncan McIntosh Co. announced the immediate shutdown of the publication.
Sarna (Polish surname)
Sarna is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelika Sarna (born 1997), Polish athlete

Jonathan Sarna (born 1955), American historian

John Sarna (1935–2021), American politician

Linda Sarna, American nursing researcher and academic

Mirosława Sarna (born 1942), Polish athlete

Nahum Sarna (1923–2005), American Bible scholar

Paweł Sarna (canoeist) (born 1984), Polish slalom canoeist

Paweł Sarna (poet) (born 1977), Polish writer and academic

Yehuda Sarna, Canadian-American rabbi

Paweł Sarna (poet)
Paweł Sarna (born January 26, 1977, in Jaworzno, Poland) is a Polish poet. He has published poems in literary magazines, including Kwartalnik Artystyczny, Studium, Przegląd Artystyczno-Literacki, Tytuł, Undergrunt, and Kursywa.  He lives in Katowice.
English ship Yarmouth (1653)
Yarmouth was a 44-gun fourth-rate frigate of the English Royal Navy, originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Great Yarmouth under the 1652 Programme, and launched in 1653. By 1666 her original armament of 44 guns (24-pounders on the lower deck, and a mixture of culverins and demi-culverins on the upper deck) had been increased to 52 guns by the addition of smaller cannon (sakers) on the quarterdeck, and by 1677 she carried 54 guns.

Yarmouth took part in the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, in the Four Days Battle and the St James's Day Fight in 1666, in the Battle of Solebay in 1672 and in the Battle of Schooneveld and Battle of Texel in 1673. She was broken up in 1680.

Battle of Lowestoft
The Battle of Lowestoft took place on 13 June [O.S. 3 June] 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A fleet of more than a hundred ships of the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, attacked an English fleet of equal size commanded by James, Duke of York, forty miles east of the port of Lowestoft in Suffolk.

Although it was a substantial English victory, the escape of the bulk of the Dutch fleet deprived England of the chance of ending the war quickly with a single decisive victory. As a result, the Dutch were able to make good their losses by building new and better-armed ships and improving their organisation and discipline. Their Dutch fleets would not be so badly organised or ill-disciplined in the remaining battles of this war and, in Obdam's replacement, Michiel de Ruyter, the Dutch had gained a superb tactician and leader for the remainder of the war.
Nilgiri Christian Guest Homes Association
The Nilgiri Christian Guest Homes Association is a Protestant trust of uncertain origins that was set up to run guest houses in the scenic Nilgiri Hills or blue mountains of Southern India. It is a non-profit venture that provides places of rest and relaxation to Evangelical Protestant missionaries  on the field. It is known to have consisted of at least three properties of which only the first is still functional:

Brooklands, Coonoor

Queenshill, Kotagiri

Selbourne, Ooty

Kotagiri
Kotagiri is a hill station and a municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state, Tamil Nadu. The Nilgiri hills have been the traditional home of the "Kota" tribes. The name 'Kota-giri' itself means 'mountains of the kotas'. Kotagiri was known in the past as 'Kota-keri' or 'Kota-gherry', the 'street of Kotas'. The town has developed around numerous knolls and valleys. It is one of the largest hill stations in the Nilgiri Mountains. Located at an average elevation of 1,950 m (6,400 ft), Kotagiri is quietly tucked away in the Nilgiris and used to be one of the summer resorts of the Madras Presidency. The town was discovered in the year 1819 by John Sullivan when he came to a village called Dhimbatty to the north of Kotagiri. Kotagiri enjoys the third coldest climate next to Ooty and Kodaikanal in South India.
Cloniatarphes
Cloniatarphes is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Cloniatarphes carunalis, is found in Brazil. Both the genus and the species were first described by William Schaus in 1916.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.