hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoskuld Dala-Kollsson
Hoskuld Dala-Kollsson (Old Norse: Hǫskuldr Dala-Kollsson [ˈhɔˌskuldz̠ ˈdɑlɑ-ˌkolːsˌson]; Modern Icelandic: Höskuldur Dala-Kollsson [ˈhœˌskʏltʏr ˈtaːlaˌkɔlsˌsɔːn]; c. 910–965) was an Icelandic gothi or chieftain of the early Icelandic Commonwealth period. He was the son of Dala-Koll (Koll of the Dales) who has a fjörd named after him, and Thorgerd Thorsteinsdottir, daughter of Thorstein the Red. His father died when he was a child and his mother married a landowner named Herjolf, who became the father of Hoskuld's half-brother Hrútr Herjólfsson. Hoskuld was enormously influential in northwestern Iceland, particularly in the Laxardal region, and is one of the main characters of the first half of Laxdæla saga. By his wife Jorunn he was the father of Bard, Thorleik, and Hallgerd and the grandfather of Bolli Thorleiksson. By his Irish slave Melkorka he was the father of Olaf the Peacock and possibly of another son named Helgi.

Laxárdalur
Laxárdalur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlaksˌaurˌtaːlʏr̥]) is a valley in Dalasýsla in northwestern Iceland, formed by the River Laxá. It was the home of the Laxdælir, a group of Icelanders whose doings are described in the Laxdæla saga.
Östra Real
Östra Real (officially Östra Reals gymnasium) is an upper secondary school in Östermalm, Stockholm, Sweden. The school can trace its ancestry to the 1600s, and has changed name several times throughout its existence. Its current building was completed in 1910, and it has remained there ever since.

Östermalm
Östermalm (Swedish pronunciation: [œstɛrˈmalm]; lit. 'Eastern city-borough')  is a 2.56 km2 large district in central Stockholm, Sweden. With 71,802 inhabitants, it is one of Sweden's most populous and exclusive districts. It is an extremely expensive area, having the highest housing prices in Sweden.
Zapp Group
The Zapp Group is an international group of companies in the field of metal working based in Ratingen, Germany. The group's lead company is the Zapp Precision Metals GmbH in Schwerte and Unna, Germany. The group is a leading manufacturer of metallic precision semi-finished products and specialized in cold forming of stainless steel, titanium, carbon steel and special materials to strip, wire, rod, and profile.

Ratingen
Ratingen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːtɪŋən] ⓘ; Limburgish: Rotinge) is a town in the district of Mettmann in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies in the northwestern part of Berg about 12 km northeast of Düsseldorf.
Acinetobacter radioresistens
Acinetobacter radioresistens is a species of radiation-resistant bacteria. It is Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, not spore-forming, nonmotile, nonfermentative, aerobic, pleomorphic, and coccobacilli-shaped. The type strain of this species is strain FO-1 (= IAM 13186).

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
S.C.S. Jai-Hind
S.C.S Jai-Hind, known simply as Jai-Hind, is a Surinamese association football club based in Kwatta, Suriname. The club is almost entirely made up of Hindustani people, and as such was the first Hindustani football club to qualify and compete in the Hoofdklasse, the top flight of football in Suriname.

There are two other Surinamese football clubs by the same name, one from Meerzorg, and one from Nickerie. All three clubs compete in their respective districts and in the Inter district tournaments.

Nickerie District
Nickerie is a predominantly rural district of Suriname located on the north-west coast. Nickerie's capital city is Nieuw-Nickerie. The district borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Coronie to the east, Sipaliwini to the south and East Berbice-Corentyne in Guyana to the west.

Nickerie has a population of 36.639 (2004) and an area of 5,353 km2. Nickerie's population includes East Indian, Javanese, Afro-Surinamese, Chinese, and Europeans.

Nickerie is bordered by Guyana. A ferry connects Moleson Creek in Guyana and South Drain.
Die-deterioration doubling
Die deterioration doubling (DDD) is a common form of mint-made error on many United States and Canadian coins that results from degradation of the die used to strike the coin.

Due to a combination of improper preparation and treatment of the dies, excessive wear, and overuse, die deterioration doubling has occurred on nearly every series issued by the US mint in recent times. Certain coins are more susceptible to it than others, due to various factors, but it does occur on most series of coins.

Tool and die maker
Tool and die makers are highly skilled crafters working in the manufacturing industries.
Tool and die makers work primarily in toolroom environments—sometimes literally in one room but more often in an environment with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled artisans (craftspeople) who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and with substantial period of on-the-job training that is functionally an apprenticeship. They make jigs, fixtures, dies, molds, machine tools, cutting tools, gauges, and other tools used in manufacturing processes.
Argištiḫinili
Argištiḫinili  (Urartian: ar-gi-iš-ti-ḫi-ni-li) was a town in the ancient kingdom of Urartu, established during the expansion of the Urartians in the Transcaucasus under their king Argishti I, and named in his honour. It lasted between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. The ruins of the Argištiḫinili fortifications are 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of the present-day town of Armavir, Armenia, between the villages of Nor-Armavir and Armavir in the Armenian marz of Armavir. The town was founded on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Aras River. Over the centuries, the river channel has shifted to several kilometres south of the town.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Sheila Fitzpatrick
Sheila Mary Fitzpatrick (born 4 June 1941) is an Australian historian, whose main subjects are history of the Soviet Union and history of modern Russia, especially the Stalin era and the Great Purges, of which she proposes a "history from below", and is part of the "revisionist school" of Communist historiography. She has also critically reviewed the concept of totalitarianism and highlighted the differences between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in debates about comparison of Nazism and Stalinism.

Fitzpatrick is professor at the Australian Catholic University (Melbourne), honorary professor at the University of Sydney, and Distinguished Service Professor Emerita at the University of Chicago. Prior to this, she taught Soviet history at the University of Texas at Austin and was the Bernadotte Everly Schmitt Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago. She is considered a founder of the field of Soviet social history.

Honorary title (academic)
Honorary titles (professor, president, fellow, lecturer and reader) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in the UK and Germany, as well as in many of the universities and colleges of the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, New Zealand, Japan, Denmark, and Canada.

Examples of such titles are honorary professor, honorary president, honorary fellow, honorary senior research fellow, honorary lecturer, honorary reader, (normally applies to non-teaching staff, who give occasional lectures), visiting fellow (normally applies to students carrying out further studies and research programmes), and industrial fellow.
Shovkra
Shovkra (Russian: Шовкра; Lak: Шавкӏул) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Shovkrinsky Selsoviet, Laksky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 581 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Laksky District
Laksky District (Russian: Ла́кский райо́н; Lak: Лакрал кӏану) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 750 square kilometers (290 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kumukh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 12,161, with the population of Kumukh accounting for 15.9% of that number.
Mõisamõtsa Nature Reserve
Mõisamõtsa Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Võru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 224 ha.

The protected area was founded in 2005 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Tundu village (former Mõniste Parish) and Pähni village (former Varstu Parish).

Võru County
Võru County (Estonian: Võru maakond or Võrumaa; Võro: Võro maakund) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's Pskov Oblast (making it the only Estonian county to border two countries).

The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km2 (890 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. In 2022, Võru County had a population of 34,182, 2.6% of the total population in Estonia. The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and one urban municipality, the county capital, Võru.
Behavioral Crisis Response
Behavioral Crisis Response (BCR) is a behavioral health emergency response program in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This program dispatches unarmed mental health professionals to 911 calls. It is run by Canopy Mental Health and Consulting, a Richfield, Minnesota-based company in mental health services, in collaboration with the Office of Community Safety.

The program was established in 2021 and has responded to around 20,000 calls as of February 2024.

Richfield, Minnesota
Richfield is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota. An inner-ring suburb of Minneapolis, Richfield is bordered by Minneapolis to the north, Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and Fort Snelling to the east, Bloomington to the south, and Edina to the west. The population was 36,994 at the 2020 census.

Best Buy, the U.S.'s largest electronics retailer, is headquartered in Richfield.
Duncan Bowett
Duncan John Bowett (born 7 December 1971) is an Australian-born former cricketer. Bowett played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace deliveries. He was born in Perth, Western Australia.

Bowett, who was educated at Shrewsbury School, made his debut for Shropshire in the 1995 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Bowett played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1995 to 2005, which included 29 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances, against Warwickshire in the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and Hampshire in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 3 List A matches, he scored 32 runs, with 2 not outs which gave him an overall average of 32.00. With the ball, he bowled a total of 7 wicket-less overs.

During his play for Shropshire he played club cricket for Wroxeter.

Wroxeter
Wroxeter (/ˈrɒksətər/ ROK-sit-ər) is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wroxeter and Uppington, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. It is beside the River Severn, 5 miles (8.0 km) east-south-east of Shrewsbury. In 1961 the parish had a population of 657.

Viroconium Cornoviorum, the fourth largest city in Roman Britain, was sited here, and is gradually being excavated. In 2024, archaeologists uncovered a 2,000-year-old mosaic depicting dolphins and fish.

The village contains one of Shropshire's commercial vineyards.
8.3 filename
An 8.3 filename (also called a short filename or SFN) is one that obeys the filename convention used by CP/M and old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5. It is also used in modern Microsoft operating systems as an alternate filename to the long filename, to provide compatibility with legacy programs. The filename convention is limited by the FAT file system. Similar 8.3 (and 6.3) file naming schemes have also existed on earlier CP/M, TRS-80, Atari, and some Data General and Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputer operating systems.

Windows NT 3.5
Windows NT 3.5 is the second major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, targeting the data server and personal workstation markets. It was released on September 21, 1994, as the successor to Windows NT 3.1. One of the primary goals during its development was to improve the operating system's performance. As a result, the project was codenamed "Daytona", after the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Windows NT 3.5 was succeeded by Windows NT 3.51, released in 1995. Support and updates for Windows NT 3.5 was ended by Microsoft on December 31, 2001.
Double Commander
Double Commander is a dual-pane file manager. It is a piece of free and open-source software licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It is designed to be operated by a keyboard, a mouse, or by both at the same time.

It has support for tabs, bookmarks, customizable keyboard shortcuts, compressed files, checksums, and custom file list colors.

The default keyboard shortcuts and default functionality are inspired by the Total Commander for Microsoft Windows only. This makes it similar in operation to the original Norton Commander for DOS, which popularized the basic concept in the 1990s. It is a modern application, designed for use with the latest operating systems.

Archive file
An archive file stores the content of one or more computer files, possibly compressed and/or encrypted, with associated metadata such as file name, directory structure, error detection and correction information, and commentary. An archive file is often used to facilitate portability, distribution and backup, and to reduce storage use. An archive file is usually generated and modified via a file archiver utility.
The Choices We Made
The Choices We Made: Twenty-Five Women and Men Speak Out About Abortion is a book showing the abortion stories of various people in different situations and periods of time. This includes celebrities such as Anne Archer, Polly Bergen, Kay Boyle, Jill Clayburgh, Linda Ellerbee, Whoopi Goldberg, Elizabeth Janeway, Ursula Le Guin, Norma McCorvey, Rita Moreno, and Grace Paley. Their stories were collected by Angela Bonavoglia, a former executive at Planned Parenthood.

Kay Boyle
Kay Boyle (February 19, 1902 – December 27, 1992) was an American novelist, short story writer, educator, and political activist. Boyle is best known for her fiction, which often explored the intersections of personal and political themes. Her work contributed significantly to modernist literature, and she was an active participant in the expatriate literary scene in Paris during the 1920s. She was a Guggenheim Fellow and O. Henry Award winner.
Nuestro Tiempo (El Salvador)
Nuestro Tiempo (Spanish for Our Time; abbreviated NT) is a Salvadoran political party. The party was founded in 2019 and it is currently led by Andy Failer.

The party is mainly composed of a team of young adults who have not had political experience. Ideologically, the party positions itself as humanist centre, not being on the right or the left of the political spectrum, although various political analysts have placed it on the progressive left.

The party's legislative proposals include the legalization of same-sex marriage, the right of transgender people to change their gender identity, the decriminalization and legalization of abortion, and the withdrawal of El Salvador from the Central American Parliament.

The party's headquarters is located at 79 Avenida Norte and 9th Calle Poniente N.616 in the Colonia Escalón district of San Salvador, the country's capital city.

Abortion in El Salvador
Abortion is illegal in El Salvador. The law formerly permitted an abortion to be performed under some limited circumstances, but in 1998 all exceptions were removed when a new abortion law went into effect.
Jorge Herrera Martínez
Jorge Herrera Martínez (born 7 December 1958) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. From 2011 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo ˈβeɾðe ekoloˈxista ðe ˈmexiko], PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez.
It has seldom received more than 10% of the vote nationwide, but in the 21st century has joined alliances with different major parties  (PAN in the federal elections of 2000,  PRI from 2003 to 2018, and most recently Morena from 2019 on).

It is not recognized as a fellow green party by the European Green Party, and is known for its heavy use of advertising, and for (at times) taking stances on issues not usually associated with the international Green movement (such as support for capital punishment and extension of school hours).
J. B. Martin
Dr. J. B. Martin (September 24, 1885 – May 1, 1973) was president of the Negro American League, owner of the Chicago American Giants baseball team, and a prominent Republican Party leader in Memphis and later Chicago.

Negro American League
The Negro American League was one of the several Negro leagues created during the time organized American baseball was segregated. The league was established in 1937, and disbanded after its 1962 season.
Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove
Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove is a town of approximately 950 people located on the eastern shore of the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is nestled deep in the heart of Motion Bay about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of St. John's. The present town is approximately 200 years old, though the site has been continuously occupied by Europeans (Beothuk history at the site is tens of thousands of years old) since at least 1598. During King William's War, the village was raided by French forces in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign.

Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove is the site of the Petty Harbour Generating Station, the first hydroelectric generating station in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Avalon Peninsula
The Avalon Peninsula (French: Péninsule d'Avalon) is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. It is 9,220.61 square kilometres (3,560.10 sq mi) in size.

The peninsula is home to 270,348 people, about 52% of  the province's population, according to the 2016 Canadian census. The peninsula is the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays (Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay and Placentia Bay) have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.
Myxophaga
Myxophaga is the second-smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.

Semiaquatic
In biology, being semiaquatic refers to various macro-organisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. When referring to animals, the term describes those that actively spend part of their daily time in water (in which case they can also be called amphibious), or land animals that have spent at least one life stage (e.g. as eggs or larvae) in aquatic environments. When referring to plants, the term describes land plants whose roots have adapted well to tolerate regular, prolonged submersion in water, as well as emergent and (occasionally) floating-leaved aquatic plants that are only partially immersed in water.

Examples of semiaquatic animals and plants are given below.
Nira (ingredient)
Nira (Jawi derived from Sanskrit: नीर, romanized: nīra "water") or lahang (Jawi: لاهڠ‎) is a sweet liquid obtained from the stems of plants such as sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, maple, or the sap of the flower stalks (spathe) of the palm family such as arenga palm, coconut, date palm, nipa palm, sago palm, tal palm and others.

Nira contains about 10-15% sugar. This liquid can be consumed directly, fermented into palm wine or further processed into syrup, sugar and other products.

Palm sugar
Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree. Palm sugar may be qualified by the type of palm, as in coconut palm sugar. While sugars from different palms may have slightly different compositions, all are processed similarly and can be used interchangeably.
HMS Dee (1832)
HMS Dee was the first paddle steamer ordered for the Royal Navy, designed to carry a significant armament. She was ordered on 4 April 1827 from Woolwich Dockyard. She was designed by Sir Robert Seppings, Surveyor of the Navy and modified by Oliver Lang. This vessel was considered as new construction as a previous vessel ordered as a flush deck Cherokee-class brig in 1824, had been renamed African in May 1825. She was initially classed as a steam vessel (SV), and in 1837 reclassified as a steam vessel class 2 (SV2). She was converted to a troopship in May 1842 and as a second class sloop in 1846. She was converted into a storeship in 1868. She was broken at Sheerness in 1871.

Dee was the third ship to carry this name since it was introduced for a 20-gun sixth rate, launched by Bailey of Ipswich on 5 May 1814 and sold on 33 July 1819 to Pitman.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.