hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gallant, Alabama
Gallant, also known as Clear Springs or Greasy Cove, is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Etowah, and St. Clair counties, Alabama, United States. It lies west of the city of Gadsden, the county seat of Etowah County. As of the 2010 census, its population was 855.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 35972.

Gallant was the name of a pioneer settler who came from Tennessee.

Gadsden, Alabama
Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about 56 miles (90 km) northeast of Birmingham 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. 72 Miles (117Km) Southeast of Huntsville It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 103,931. The population was 33,945 at the 2020 census.

In the 19th century, Gadsden was Alabama's second-most important center of commerce and industry, trailing only the seaport of Mobile. The two cities were important shipping centers: Gadsden for riverboats and Mobile for international trade.

From the late 19th century through the 1980s, Gadsden was a center of heavy industry, including the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Republic Steel.  In 1991, following more than a decade of sharp decline in industry, Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League.
Marcos Morínigo
Marcos Antonio Morínigo Fleytas (8 October 1848 – 13 July 1901) was a Paraguayan politician who served as President of Paraguay in 1894.

He was born in 1848 in Quyquyho, Paraguarí. In 1881, he was elected for his first term in the Chamber of Deputies, a post he held for more than nine years.

In 1887, Morinigo participated in founding the Colorado Party and was elected Vice President of Paraguay in 1890 (alongside President Juan Gualberto González). After González was sacked, he became president on June 8, 1894, until the legal end of the term on November 25, 1894. Morinigo was elected senator in 1895. He died 1901 in Asunción.

Senate of Paraguay
The Chamber of Senators of Paraguay (Cámara de Senadores), the upper house of the National Congress, has 45 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation.

The Paraguayan bicameral legislature, which included the Senate, was formed in 1870. The Senate was abolished in 1940 and recreated in 1967.
Lake Bunyonyi
Lake Bunyonyi  ("Place of many little birds") is in south-western Uganda between Kisoro and Kabale, close to the border with Rwanda. The lake appeared from 2004 to 2009 on the USh 5,000/= note under the title "Lake Bunyonyi and terraces". Scientific "literature" generally quotes a maximum depth of 40 m (130 ft), but some tourist guides and locals insist that it is much deeper, about 900 m (3,000 ft), which would make it the second-deepest lake in Africa.

Towns on its shores include Kyevu and Muko, while its 29 islands include Punishment Island and Bushara Island.

Ugandan shilling
The shilling (Swahili: shilingi; abbreviation: USh; ISO code: UGX) is the currency of Uganda. Officially divided into cents until 2013, due to substantial inflation the shilling now has no subdivision.
Italica
Italica (Spanish: Itálica) was an ancient Roman city in Hispania; its site is close to the town of Santiponce in the province of Seville, Spain. It was founded in 206 BC by Roman general Scipio as a colonia for his Italic veterans and named after them. Italica later grew attracting new migrants from the Italian peninsula and also with the children of Roman soldiers and native women. Among the Italic settlers were a branch of the gens Ulpia from the Umbrian city of Tuder and a branch of the gens Aelia from the city of Hadria, either co-founders of the town or later migrants who arrived at an unknown time;  the Ulpi Traiani and the Aelii Hadriani were the respective stirpes of the Roman emperors Trajan and Hadrian, both born in Italica.

According to some authors, Italica was also the birthplace of Theodosius.

Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.
Blood vessel epicardial substance
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) also known as popeye domain-containing protein 1 (POPDC1) is a protein that is encoded by the BVES gene in humans.

Bves is a highly conserved, transmembrane protein that is involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, and most recently has been shown to play a role in vesicular transport. Bves is found in a wide variety of organisms (from flies to humans) and is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Popdc family of proteins. Although the precise molecular function of Bves is unknown, disruption of this protein results in developmental defects and impaired cellular processes fundamental to living organisms.

Vesicular transport protein
A vesicular transport protein, or vesicular transporter, is a membrane protein that regulates or facilitates the movement of specific molecules across a vesicle's membrane. As a result, vesicular transporters govern the concentration of molecules within a vesicle.
Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company Warehouse (Buffalo, New York)
The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company Warehouse, also known as the A&P Warehouse and The Keystone Warehouse Company, is a historic warehouse building located in Buffalo, Erie County, New York. It was built in 1917, and is an eight-story reinforced concrete industrial building encompassing 250,000 square feet of warehouse space.  It has a one-story wing built of concrete block walls and steel framing.  The building was occupied by The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company until 1975.

The building is currently undergoing conversion and rehabilitation into loft residential units. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Baoni State
Baoni State was a Jagir and later princely state in India during the Maratha Confederacy and British Raj. It was a small sanad state, the only Muslim-ruled one in Bundelkhand Agency. Its ruler was granted the right to an 11-gun salute. The Baoni royal family claim to be descendants of the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad, tracing its origins to Abu Bakr, the first Islamic caliph.

Baoni was located in the Betwa-Yamuna doab, Uttar Pradesh, with Kadaura as its seat of government. The state was bounded on the north by the district of Cawnpore, in the west by the district of Jalaun and to the south and east by the district of Hamirpur of the United Provinces —as well as a little part in the south-east by Beri State. Baoni had a population of 19,780 inhabitants in 1901, of whom 87% were Hindu and 12% Muslim.

Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh
Hamirpur district is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Hamirpur town is the district headquarters. Hamirpur district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 4,121.9 km2. The district has a population of 1,104,285 (2011 census). As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Mahoba and Chitrakoot. Two major rivers Yamuna and Betwa meet here. On the banks of river Betwa lies the "Coarse sand" which is exported to many parts in U.P.
Orobanche minor
Orobanche minor, the hellroot, common broomrape, lesser broomrape, small broomrape,  broomrape minor or clover broomrape, is a holoparasitic flowering plant belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.  It is one of about 150 non-photosynthetic plants in the genus Orobanche that parasitize autotrophic plants.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Fencing at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's foil
The men's foil competition of the fencing events at the 2019 Pan American Games was held on August 6 at the Lima Convention Centre.

The foil competition consisted of a qualification round followed by a single-elimination bracket with a bronze medal match between the two semifinal losers. Fencing was done to 15 touches or to the completion of three three-minute rounds if neither fencer reached 15 touches by then. At the end of time, the higher-scoring fencer was the winner; a tie resulted in an additional one-minute sudden-death time period. This sudden-death period was further modified by the selection of a draw-winner beforehand; if neither fencer scored a touch during the minute, the predetermined draw-winner won the bout.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Neogames
Neogames is a Swedish role-playing game publisher situated in Gothenburg. They were, after the re-creation of Target Games, the largest RPG publisher in Sweden.

The company is known for developing the three first editions of the fantasy RPG license Eon, a role-playing game set in a fairly standard fantasy setting with elves, dwarves and magic. Its product line also includes the cyberpunk role-playing game Neotech.

On April 25, 2024, eighteen years after its headquarters moved to Gotland after being sold to Kim Vässmar, Neogames was acquired by Aristocrat Leisure for approximately $1.2 billion. Founded by Carl Johan Ström, it has published several fantasy novels by Andreas Roman and Dan Hörning, most of them linked to the world of Eon.

Magic (game terminology)
Magic or mana is an attribute assigned to characters within a role-playing or video game that indicates their power to use special magical abilities or "spells". Magic is usually measured in magic points or mana points, shortened as MP. Different abilities will use up different amounts of MP. When the MP of a character reaches zero, the character will not be able to use special abilities until some of their MP is recovered.

Much like health, magic might be displayed as a numeric value, such as "50/100". Here, the first number indicates the current amount of MP a character has whereas the second number indicates the character's maximum MP. In video games, magic can also be displayed visually, such as with a gauge that empties itself as a character uses their abilities.
Suprafix
In linguistics, a suprafix is a type of affix that gives a suprasegmental pattern (such as tone, stress, or nasalization) to either a neutral base or a base with a preexisting suprasegmental pattern. This affix will, then, convey a derivational or inflectional meaning. This suprasegmental pattern acts like segmental phonemes within a morpheme; the suprafix is a combination of suprasegmental phonemes, organized into a pattern, that creates a morpheme. For example, a number of African languages express tense / aspect distinctions by tone. English has a process of changing stress on verbs to create nouns.

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Verband Deutscher Konzertchöre
The Verband Deutscher KonzertChöre (VDKC, Association of German Concert Choirs) is a national association with seven state organisations. It represents more than 550 member choirs with more than 30,400 singers. It is a non-profit organisation, which based in Neuss.

The members are concert choirs, oratorio choirs and chamber choirs who perform concerts of high quality, in genres such as Gregorian Chant, Baroque cantata, romantic period motet, contemporary oratorio and choral gospel music.

Neuss
Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] ⓘ; written Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnʏs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city", and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.
Quai d'Orsay
The Quai d'Orsay (/ˌkeɪ dɔːrˈseɪ/ KAY dor-SAY, French: [ke dɔʁsɛ] ⓘ) is a quay in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the left bank of the Seine opposite the Place de la Concorde. It becomes the Quai Anatole-France east of the Palais Bourbon, and the Quai Branly west of the Pont de l'Alma.

The seat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the Hôtel du ministre des Affaires étrangères) is located on the Quai d'Orsay, between the Esplanade des Invalides and the National Assembly at the Palais Bourbon; thus the ministry is often called the "Quai d'Orsay" in the press by metonymy. The building housing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was built between 1844 and 1855 by Jacques Lacornée. The statues of the facade were created by the sculptor Henri de Triqueti (1870). The 1919 Treaty of Versailles was negotiated and written at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Wharf
A wharf (pl. wharves or wharfs), quay (/kiː/ kee, also /keɪ, kweɪ/ k(w)ay), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
The Leopard (TV series)
The Leopard (Italian: Il gattopardo) is a historical drama television series based on Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa's 1958 novel of the same name. Directed by Tom Shankland, Giuseppe Capotondi, and Laura Luchetti, it is the second adaptation of the novel after Luchino Visconti's 1963 film. The series was released on Netflix on 5 March 2025.

Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa
Giuseppe Tomasi, 11th Prince of Lampedusa, 12th Duke of Palma, GE (23 December 1896 – 23 July 1957), known as Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe toˈmaːzi di lampeˈduːza]), was a Sicilian writer, as well as the last generation of Tomasi Princes of Lampedusa before the family's and their titles' extinction. He is most famous for his only novel, Il Gattopardo (first published posthumously in 1958), which is set in his native Sicily during the Risorgimento. A reserved, solitary, shy, and somewhat misanthropic aristocrat, he opened up only with a few close friends, and spent a great deal of his time reading and meditating. He said of himself as a child, "I was a boy who liked solitude, who preferred the company of things to that of people", and in 1954 wrote, "Of my sixteen hours of daily wakefulness, at least ten are spent in solitude."
Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management
The Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management, or CIVCOM, is an advisory body within the European Union dealing with civilian aspects of crisis management. The activities of the CIVCOM form part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU, and the civilian side of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The CIVCOM is composed of representatives of the EU member states.

The activities of CIVCOM for civilian CSDP tasks occur in parallel to the European Union Military Committee (EUMC) for military CDP tasks. Both EUMC and CIVCOM receive directions from, and report to the Political and Security Committee (PSC).

The decision to establish CIVCOM was taken in 2000 by the Council of the European Union.

European Union Military Committee
The Military Committee of the European Union (EUMC) is the body of the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy that is composed of member states' Chiefs of Defence (CHOD). These national CHODs are regularly represented in the EUMC in Brussels by their permanent Military Representatives (MilRep), who often are two- or three-star flag officers.

The EUMC is under the authority of the EU's High Representative (HR) and the Political and Security Committee (PSC).
Carse
In Scottish geography, a carse (the modern form of older Scots kerse; Scottish Gaelic càrrsa or còrrsa) is an area of fertile, low-lying (typically alluvial) land occupying certain Scottish river valleys, such as that of the River Forth. They reflect raised estuarine deposits lifted above sea level by post-glacial rebound

Post-glacial rebound
Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the  deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution. The direct raising effects of post-glacial rebound are readily apparent in parts of Northern Eurasia, Northern America, Patagonia, and Antarctica. However, through the processes of ocean siphoning and continental levering, the effects of post-glacial rebound on sea level are felt globally far from the locations of current and former ice sheets.
Jianyi Zhang
Jianyi Zhang (张建一 in Chinese) is an American operatic tenor of Chinese birth. A graduate of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music and the Juilliard School, he has had an active international career in concerts and operas since the mid-1980s. In 1987 he attended the summer conservatory program at the Music Academy of the West. He has sung leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the Opéra-Comique, the Paris Opera, the Staatsoper Stuttgart, the Teatro Comunale Florence, the Vienna State Opera, and the Washington National Opera to name just a few. His concert appearances include performances with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.

As an educator, he joined Zhejiang Conservatory of Music in 2018 to chair the voice department.

Washington National Opera
Washington National Opera (WNO) is an American opera company based in Washington, D.C. The company was founded in 1956 as the Opera Society of Washington, renamed the Washington Opera in 1977, and designated by Congress as the national opera company in 2000. From 1971 to 2025, its performances were given in the Opera House of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
1906 Beloit football team
The 1906 Beloit football team represented Beloit College in the 1906 college football season.  In Charles A. Fairweather's first season, Beloit compiled a 3–4–1 record, and defeated Lake Forest, Northern Illinois, and Milwaukee Medical College.

1906 college football season
The 1906 college football season was the first in which the forward pass was permitted. Although there was no clear cut national championship, there were two teams that had won all nine of their games as the 1906 season drew to a close, the Princeton Tigers and the Yale Bulldogs, and on November 17, 1906, they played to a 0–0 tie.  St. Louis University finished at 11–0–0.  The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Princeton had been the best college football team of 1906. Other selectors recognized Yale as the national champions for 1906.
Hagop Sandaldjian
Hagop Sandaldjian (1931–1990) was an Egyptian-born Armenian American musician and microminiature sculptor. At the time of his death in 1990, Sandaldjian was one of only four living practitioners of microminiature, a rare Slavic specialty.

Sandaldjian has micro-miniature art pieces on display at the Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles, California., and his life was documented by Ralph Rugoff to accompany his exhibition at the Museum of Jurassic Technology.

Sandaldjian was a polyglot, proficient in Armenian, Russian, English, and Arabic.

Ralph Rugoff
Ralph Rugoff OBE (born 12 January 1957) is an American-born curator, the director of London's Hayward Gallery since 2006, and the curator of the Venice Biennale in 2019.

Rugoff was born in New York City to a psychoanalyst, Evangeline Peterson, and Donald Rugoff, the film distributor and movie theater owner profiled in a 2019 film Searching for Mr. Rugoff. He studied semiotics at Brown University.

Rugoff was director of the Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts in San Francisco for nearly six years, before becoming the director of London's Hayward Gallery.

Rugoff was artistic director of the 58th Venice Biennale in 2019.

He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to art.