hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charlestown, South Africa
Charlestown is a small town situated at the top of Laing's Nek pass in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between Newcastle and Volksrust. It started out as an important railway station and customs post between Natal and Transvaal in 1891 until the Union of South Africa came into being in 1910, and customs tariffs were abolished. It is named after Sir Charles Mitchell, governor of Natal.  In 1927 the town was the site of one of South Africa's first mass-shooting instances when local farmer Stephanus Swart shot and killed 8 people.

It became a dormitory suburb of Volksrust, just across the border in the Transvaal, and many black people bought freehold land in the town. During the 1960s, however, the apartheid policy of the government led to most of the black inhabitants being forcibly removed to Madadeni, near Newcastle, and Charlestown became a ghost town.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Stade station
Stade (German: Bahnhof or Haltestelle Stade) is a railway station which opened in 1881  and is located in the town of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany. Stade station is the terminus for the rapid transit trains of Hamburg S-Bahn line S5 from Elbgaustraße station via central station, and a through station for the Metronom line from Hamburg to Cuxhaven. For the Metronom, Stade is the last station within the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV).

Elbgaustraße station
Elbgaustraße railway station is on the Hamburg-Altona–Kiel line and is served by the city trains located in Hamburg, Germany. The railway station is located in the quarter of Eidelstedt in the Eimsbüttel borough. After on 16 July 1922 the Eidelstedt marshalling yard (Verschiebebahnhof) had opened and, after the Reichsbahn had established railwaymen in company housings in the environs, a first station for suburban traffic was opened. This was already named Elbgaustraße. In 1965 the old platform was rebuilt and electrified for the S-Bahn service.
Norge Luis Vera
Norge Luis Vera Peralta (born October 3, 1971 in Siboney, Santiago de Cuba Province) is a right-handed baseball pitcher, who has been a frequent member of the Cuba national baseball team.

In Cuba, Vera pitches for Santiago de Cuba of the Cuban National Series. He has been a dominating force for years, including the 1999–2000 series, when he led the league with a 0.97 ERA, 17 victories and eight shutouts—all in a 90-game season. He then pitched in the second game of the 1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series.

Vera was seriously injured in November 2009, while trying to stop a fight as an uninvolved bystander in Santiago, Cuba. He was struck in the face by a blunt instrument, sustaining several fractures to the upper jaw. Zadys Navarro, one of Vera's doctors, indicated that reconstructive surgery would be required.

His son, Norge Vera, plays in the Chicago White Sox organization.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
John T. Walker (USMC)
John Thaddeus Walker (September 15, 1893 – February 22, 1955) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps, who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He is most noted as commanding officer of the 22nd Marine Regiment during Battle of Eniwetok. He later served as director of personnel or commanding general of Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego.

Marine Corps University
Marine Corps University is a military education university system of the United States Marine Corps. It is part of the Naval University System and accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Master's Degrees.
2022 Indiana State Treasurer election
The 2022 Indiana State Treasurer election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the next Indiana State Treasurer. Incumbent Republican Party Treasurer Kelly Mitchell was term-limited and could not seek re-election.

Kelly Mitchell
Kelly Mitchell (born 1966/1967) is an American politician and businesswoman who served as the 54th Indiana State Treasurer. She was elected treasurer on November 4, 2014, and assumed office early on November 18, 2014. She replaced interim Treasurer, Daniel Huge, who took over after Richard Mourdock resigned. Mitchell was an at-large delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention from Indiana. She was a candidate in the 2020 Republican primary in Indiana's 5th congressional district. Mitchell received 5.3% of the vote in the 2020 Republican primary. In late 2021, Mitchell and several staff members were included in a lawsuit alleging a mishandling of state contracts via a whistleblower.
Cardinal Wolsey (film)
Cardinal Wolsey is a 1912 silent short film drama directed by Laurence Trimble, written by and starring Hal Reid. It was based on the play Henry VIII by William Shakespeare. It was produced by the Vitagraph Company of America and distributed through the General Film Company.

An incomplete copy of the film is preserved in the National Film and Television Archive, British Film Institute.

General Film Company
The General Film Company was a motion picture distribution company in the United States. Between 1909 and 1920, the company distributed almost 12,000 silent era motion pictures. It was created as part of the Edison Trust to monopolize film distribution.
Kinniburgh
Kinniburgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Kinniburgh (1929–2006), ordained minister in Scotland

Graham Kinniburgh (1942–2003), Australian organised crime figure from Kew, a suburb of Melbourne

Steven Kinniburgh (born 1989), Scottish footballer and football coach

William Kinniburgh (born 1984), Scottish footballer who played for Motherwell, Ayr United and Partick Thistle

Graham Kinniburgh
Graham Allen Kinniburgh (20 October 1942 – 13 December 2003) was an Australian organised crime figure from Kew, a suburb of Melbourne. He became a victim of the Melbourne gangland killings, which were dramatised in the drama series Underbelly.
Tom Brown's Schooldays (film)
The Thomas Hughes novel Tom Brown's School Days has inspired several film and television adaptations:

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1916 film)

Tom Brown's School Days (1940 film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1951 film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1971 TV miniseries)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (2005 TV film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (TV serial)
Tom Brown's Schooldays is a 1971 television serial adaptation of the 1857 Thomas Hughes novel Tom Brown's Schooldays. Consisting of five 45-minute long episodes, the series was directed by Gareth Davies and used a screenplay by Anthony Steven.
Suryagadhi Rural Municipality
Suryagadhi is a Rural municipality located within the Nuwakot District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 49.09 square kilometres (18.95 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 16,800 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Lachyang, Bageshwari Chokadi, Kalikahalde and Ganeshthan VDCs were merged to form Suryagadhi Rural Municipality.
Suryagadhi is divided into 5 wards, with Bageshwari Chokadi declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Lachyang
Lachyang is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3633 people living in 720 individual households.
Brian Laity
Brian Laity (20 October 1935 – 22 March 2007) was an English cricketer.  Laity was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born in Penzance, Cornwall.

Laity made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cornwall in 1958 against Devon.  From 1958 to 1977, he represented the county in 54 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Dorset.

Laity also represented Cornwall in 3 List A matches.  These against Glamorgan in the 1970 Gillette Cup, Oxfordshire in the 1975 Gillette Cup and Lancashire in the 1977 Gillette Cup.  In his 3 List A matches, he scored 81 runs at a batting average of 27.00, with a single half century high score of 66.  Laity was a fine driver and powerful hooker of the ball, making 20 centuries in league cricket and scoring more than 3,400 runs for Cornwall.

Laity died at Treliske Hospital in Truro, Cornwall on 22 March 2007.

Cornwall County Cricket Club
Cornwall County Cricket Club  is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Cornwall. The team has played in the Minor Counties Championship since 1904 and became champions in 2012. They also play in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Cornwall played List A matches occasionally from 1970 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club play home matches at various venues including Roskear in Camborne, Trescobeas in Falmouth, Boscawen Park in Truro and  Wheal Eliza ground in St Austell.
Steinbach (surname)
Steinbach is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Debbie Steinbach (born 1953), American golfer

Eckehard Steinbach, German engineer

Emil Steinbach (1846–1907), Austrian statesman

Eric Steinbach (born 1980), American football player

Erika Steinbach (born 1943), German politician

Erwin von Steinbach (1244–1318), German architect of the Muenster of Strasbourg

Fritz Steinbach (1855–1916), German composer

Haim Steinbach (born 1944), American artist

Klaus Steinbach (born 1953), German swimmer

Larry Steinbach (1900–1967), American football player

Laura Steinbach (born 1985), German handball player

Michael Steinbach (born 1969), retired German rower

Nico Steinbach (born 1984), German politician

Settela Steinbach (1934–1944), Dutch holocaust victim

Terry Steinbach (born 1962), retired American baseball player

Wolfgang Steinbach (born 1954), former German football player and manager

Klaus Steinbach
Klaus Steinbach (born 14 December 1953 in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a former world record holder and Olympic freestyle swimmer from Germany. He swam for Germany at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics.

At the 1972 Games, he was a member of West Germany's silver medal–winning 4×200 m freestyle relay. At the 1976 Games, he was part of West Germany's bronze medal–winning 4×100 m medley relay. He also has one individual bronze medal and six relay medals from the World Aquatics Championships between 1973 and 1978.

Steinbach was the first man under 50 seconds on 100 m freestyle in a short course meters pool.

He also served as Germany's Chef de Mission for the 2004 and 2006 Olympics.
Artwinery
Artwinery (full name, Private Joint-Stock Company "Artwinery", abbr. PrJSC "Artwinery", formerly known as Artemivsk Sparkling Wine Plant and Artemivsk Winery) is one of the largest enterprises in Ukraine and Eastern Europe for the production of sparkling wines using the classic bottling method. It was located in the city of Bakhmut (previously called Artemivsk) in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in which Bakhmut became the site of heavy warfare and underwent significant damage, Artwinery relocated to Odesa Oblast in southwest Ukraine in 2023.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Elizabeth Bartlett (American poet)
Elizabeth Bartlett (July 20, 1911 – August 12, 1994) was an American poet and writer noted for her lyrical and symbolic poetry, creation of the new twelve-tone form of poetry, founder of the international non-profit organization Literary Olympics, Inc., and known as an author of fiction, essays, reviews, translations, and as an editor.

Octavio Paz
Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican philosopher, poet, and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Nhơn Trạch district
Nhơn Trạch is a rural district of Đồng Nai province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 260,592. The district covers an area of 431 km2 (166 sq mi). The district capital is at Phú Hội.

Đồng Nai province
Đồng Nai is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The capital of Đồng Nai Province is Trấn Biên Ward.

In June 2025, the province was merged with Bình Phước province, forming the new Đồng Nai Province with an area of 12.737,18 km2 and a population of 4,576,125 people.
John Dory (song)
John Dory (Roud 249, Child 284) is an English-language folk song. The fish John Dory may be named for the titular character.
The song is sometimes sung as a three-part round. The first printing of the tune and text is 1609 in Thomas Ravenscroft's Deuteromelia songbook but there are earlier mentions of the song in books. It was quite popular, and both parodies and satires were written to the same melody.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Władysław Kochański
Władysław Kochański (noms de guerre "Bomba" and "Wujek"; 7 November 1918 – 12 December 1980) was an infantry captain in the Polish Army during World War II. He was then part of the Polish resistance army Armia Krajowa after Germany occupied Poland, leading the Cichociemni special forces paratrooper resistance unit, and was one of the leading organizers of the Polish defense of Volhynia.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Stasiland
Stasiland by Anna Funder is a book published in 2003 about individuals who resisted the East German regime, and others who worked for its secret police, the Stasi. It tells the story of what it was like to work for the Stasi, and describes how those who did so now come to terms, or do not, with their pasts.

Funder, an Australian, found that Germans often resorted to stereotypes in describing the Ossis, the German nickname for those who lived in East Germany, dismissing questions about civil resistance. She used classified ads to reach former members of the Stasi and anti-Stasi organizations and interviewed them extensively.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
AGB
The initials AGB are used for:

Advocate-General of Bengal

AGB, a product code prefix for the Game Boy Advance, its software and accessories

Alexander Graham Bell, Scots Canadian American inventor

Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek, a library in Berlin, Germany

Amsterdam Gençler Birliği, a Dutch football team

Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges

Asymptotic giant branch, a category of stars

Attorney General of Bangladesh

Attorney-General of Barbados

Attorney-General of Belize

Attorney General of Bermuda

Attorney General of Bhutan

Attorney General of Brunei

Authentic Brands Group, an American brand management company

Ashley Gibson Barnett Museum of Art, formerly the Polk Museum of Art, in Lakeland, Florida, United States

Gbo language (ISO 639-3 code AGB), Nigeria

A US Navy hull classification symbol: Icebreaker (AGB)

Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek
The Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek (AGB; English: America Memorial Library) is one of the largest public libraries in Berlin, Germany. It was co-financed by a donation from the United States. The building was designed by American and German architects, including Fritz Bornemann and Willy Kreuer. It was opened on September 17, 1954, and was originally planned to become the Central Library of Berlin.
1952 Naples Grand Prix
The 5th Gran Premio di Napoli was a motor race, run to Formula Two rules, held on 11 May 1952 at Posillipo, Naples. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by Italian driver Giuseppe Farina in a Ferrari 500. Farina also took pole and set fastest lap. Teammate Piero Taruffi was second and Franco Comotti was third in a privateer Ferrari 166.

Ferrari 166
Ferrari used its 2 L (1995 cc/121 in3) V12 engine in a number of models, all called 166 for the displacement of a single cylinder. Most early 166es were sports cars built for racing, though a later line of GT cars launched the company's street model line.

The following models used the 166 name:

1948 Ferrari 166 F2 — Formula Two racer

1948 Ferrari 166 S — racing barchetta and coupé

1948 Ferrari 166 SC — motorcycle-fender Spyder Corsa racing roadster

1948 Ferrari 166 MM — Mille Miglia racing barchetta and coupé

1949 Ferrari 166 Inter — coachbuilt street coupé and cabriolet

1949 Ferrari 166 FL — Formula Libre racer

1950 Ferrari 166 MM Berlinetta Le Mans — racing berlinetta

1953 Ferrari 166 MM/53 — 'Mille Miglia' racing barchetta and coupé, updated for the 1953 season

1953 Ferrari-Abarth 166 MM/53 — racing barchetta and coupé

The 1965 Dino 166 P and 1967 Dino 166 F2 — a Formula Two used a 1,6 L V6 engine.
William Kerns
William Kerns (September 6, 1840 – March 6, 1913) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Halton in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1898 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Nelson Township, Halton County, Upper Canada in 1840, the son of Nicholas Kerns, who came to Upper Canada from Germany. After Kerns completed his schooling, he entered business as a merchant, first partnering with John Waldie and later becoming sole owner of the business. He was also vice president of the Federal Life Insurance Company of Hamilton. In 1868, he married Ellen Morrison. Kerns served on the school board for ten years, as reeve for Burlington from 1879 to 1882 and from 1899 to 1905 and as chairman of the finance committee of Halton County. He was a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia and also was a member of the local Masonic lodge and a county master in the Orange Order. He died in 1913.

Burlington, Ontario
Burlington is a city at the west end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. Part of Halton Region, it borders Hamilton to the south, Milton to the northwest, and Oakville to the northeast. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the Hamilton census metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe urban region. Burlington was founded in 1874, and gained city status in 1974. With a population of 186,948 as of 2021, Burlington is the twenty-eighth-most populous municipality in Canada.
Harriet C. McCabe
Harriet Calista Clark McCabe (January 19, 1827 – September 25, 1919) was an American pioneer in women's work for temperance and home missions. She took a responsible position in the formation of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the period immediately following the Women's Crusade. She was the first president of the Ohio WCTU; she gave the organization its name, and drafted its Constitution. McCabe favored equal suffrage.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
Damien Yzerbyt
Damien Yzerbyt (10 December 1963 - 19 January 2014) was a Belgian politician (cdH) and a member of the Parliament of Wallonia. He was also active in the Parliament of the French Community and briefly served in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. A long-serving alderman and municipal councillor in Mouscron, Yzerbyt played a key role in local governance for nearly two decades, overseeing areas such as planning, housing, and public works. Originally trained as a philologist and theologian, he began his professional life as a teacher before moving into politics in the 1990s. Known for his dedication to public service, he remained politically active until his death in 2014.

Humanist Democratic Centre
Humanist Democratic Centre (French: Centre Démocrate Humaniste, CDH) was a Christian democratic and centrist French-speaking political party in Belgium. The party originated in the split in 1972 of the unitary Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP) which had been the country's governing party for much of the post-war period. It continued to be called the Christian Social Party (French: Parti Social Chrétien, PSC) until 2002 when it was renamed the Humanist Democratic Centre. It was refounded as Les Engagés in 2022.