hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buzwagi Gold Mine
Buzwagi Gold Mine is an open pit gold mine in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania, located 6 kilometres southeast from the town of Kahama. It is operated by Acacia Mining.

It is one of three gold mines Acacia Mining operates in Tanzania, the other two being Bulyanhulu and the North Mara Gold Mine. In the financial year 2014, the company produced a combined amount of 719,000 attributable ounces of gold.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
In political studies, since the mid 20th-century, surveys have been conducted in order to construct historical rankings of the success of the presidents of the United States. Ranking systems are usually based on surveys of academic historians and political scientists, or popular opinion. The scholarly rankings focus on presidential achievements, leadership qualities, failures, and faults. Among such scholarly rankings, Abraham Lincoln is most often ranked as the best, while his predecessor James Buchanan is most often ranked as the worst. Popular-opinion polls typically focus on recent or well-known presidents.

Institute for the Study of the Americas
The Institute for the Study of the Americas (ISA) was established in 2004 following a merger of the Institute of Latin American Studies and the Institute of United States Studies. ISA formed part of the University of London’s School of Advanced Study along with nine other research institutes. In 2013, the Institute of Latin American Studies was re-established in order to focus the support provided to scholars of Latin America. Activities pertaining to the study of the United States continue within the School of Advanced Study under the direction of the Institute of English Studies and Institute of Historical Research.
Istamo
Istamo (Arabic: اسطامو) is a Syrian village in the Qardaha District in Latakia Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Istamo had a population of 2,288 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Alawites.

The village was recorded in an Ottoman tax census in 1547 as having 1,272 inhabitants. In 1645–1646, no population was recorded living in the village, but it was noted that ten or so peasants from Istamo had temporarily fled into the mountains. In 1724, Istamo was among several places in the Alawite Mountains where the local strongman Rustum Hasan Rustum was accused of pilfering taxes due to the state.

Qardaha District
Qardaha District (Arabic: منطقة القرداحة, romanized: manṭiqat al-Qardāḥah) is a district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Qardaha. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 75,279.
Pazardzhik Railway Station
Pazardzhik Railway Station (Bulgarian: Железопътна гара Пазарджик, romanized: Zhelezopatna gara Pazardzhik) is a railway station located in the southern area of Pazardzhik, Bulgaria and serving as the main station for both the city and its municipality.

Pazardzhik Municipality
42°11′21″N 24°19′57″E﻿ / ﻿42.18917°N 24.33250°E﻿ / 42.18917; 24.33250
Pazardzhik Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Пазарджик) is the second largest municipality in Pazardzhik Province, after Velingrad. It occupies 640 km2 or 14.3% of the province. Its territory encompasses the westernmost parts of the Upper Thracian Plain and is famous for its fertility.
Nhill & District Sporting Club
The Nhill and District Sporting Club Inc was formed in 2001 with the amalgamation of the Nhill and District Football Club, Nhill Netball Club, Nhill Red and Nhill Blue Cricket Clubs. In 2007 The Nhill Hockey Club joined the Nhill and District Sporting Club and in 2010 a soccer division was developed, which lasted for 12 months.

The Sporting club now comprises four sports; cricket, football, hockey and netball.

The club operates from Davis Park and maintains the oval, resulting in one of the best playing surfaces in Western Victoria. Hindmarsh Shire Council own the facilities at Davis Park, including the buildings.

The football division competes in the Wimmera Football League (WFL). They are based in the township of Nhill, Victoria.

Peter Patterson (footballer, born 1945)
Peter Patterson (born 3 October 1945) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Patterson started his career in the Wimmera Football League, where he played with Nhill. A wingman, he made his debut for Collingwood in 1965 and the following year played in the side which lost the grand final by a single point. He missed just one game in 1967 but would only add another 20 games in the next three seasons.

He was later the playing coach of Hampden Football League club South Warrnambool.
Campfire ash ceremony
The Campfire ash ceremony (also known as a Friendship Ash ceremony) is a ritual associated with Scouting meant to convey the long history and fellowship associated with the movement. Attributed to Lord Baden-Powell, it is said that he would take a small amount of the ashes from the campfire he was at, and would take them to add to the next campfire he attended.

Wood ash
Wood ash is the powdery residue remaining after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a fireplace, bonfire, or an industrial power plant. It is largely composed of calcium compounds, along with other non-combustible trace elements present in the wood, and has been used for many purposes throughout history.
School Union 69
School Union 69 is a school district headquartered in Hope, Maine. It serves Hope, Appleton, and Lincolnville.

Its schools:

Appleton Village School - K-8

Hope Elementary School

Lincolnville Central School (LCS)

It feeds into Camden Hills Regional High School of the Five Town Community School District.

Camden Hills Regional High School
Camden Hills Regional High School (CHRHS) is a public high school in Rockport, Maine, United States. It serves as the sole public high school of the Five Town Community School District, which encompasses the towns of Camden, Rockport, Lincolnville, Hope, and Appleton. The school's athletic teams compete as the Windjammers.
Dorthe Larsen
Dorthe Larsen  (born 8 August 1969) was a female Danish football goalkeeper. She was part of the Denmark women's national football team.

She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, playing 3 matches. On club level she played for Fortuna Hjørring. She played 396 matches for this club.

Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The 1996 Summer Olympics—based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States—marked the first time that women participated in the Olympic association football tournament. The tournament featured eight women's national teams from four continental confederations. The teams were drawn into two groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament (which was held in Miami, Florida, Orlando, Florida, Birmingham, Alabama and Washington, D.C.). At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage (which was held at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia), beginning with the semi-finals and culminating with the gold medal match on August 1, 1996.

The United States became the inaugural champion after a 2–1 victory against China in the gold medal game.
Prabha Atre
Prabha Atre (13 September 1932 – 13 January 2024) was an Indian classical vocalist from the Kirana gharana. She was awarded all three of the Padma Awards by the Government of India. She died in Pune from cardiac arrest on 13 January 2024, at the age of 91 .

Khamaj
Khamaj (IAST: Khamāj) is a Hindustani classical Music raga within the Khamaj thaat which is named after it.

Many ghazals and thumris are based on Khamaj. It utilises the shuddha (pure) form of Ni on the ascent, and the komala (flat) form of Ni on the descent, creating a key asymmetry in compositional and improvisational performance. This raga has been explored more in the lighter forms of Hindustani Classical Music such as Thumri, Tappa etc. Having said that, many compositions in Dhrupad and Khayal are found as well. Harikambhoji is the equivalent rāgam in Carnatic music.
Pedro H.C. Sant'Anna
Pedro H.C. Sant'Anna is an associate professor of economics at Emory University. His areas of research primarily concern difference in differences and other quasi-experimental methods used for causal inference.

Quasi-experiment
A quasi-experiment is a research design used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention. Quasi-experiments share similarities with experiments and randomized controlled trials, but specifically lack random assignment to treatment or control. Instead, quasi-experimental designs typically allow assignment to treatment condition to proceed how it would in the absence of an experiment.

The causal analysis of quasi-experiments depends on assumptions that render non-randomness irrelevant (e.g., the parallel trends assumption for DiD), and thus it is subject to concerns regarding internal validity if the treatment and control groups are not be comparable at baseline. In other words, it may be difficult to convincingly demonstrate a causal link between the treatment condition and observed outcomes in quasi-experimental designs. This is particularly true if there are confounding variables that cannot be controlled or accounted for.
Aleksei Kazalov
Aleksei Nikolayevich Kazalov (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Казалов; born 3 February 1967) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player who works as an assistant manager with FC Shinnik Yaroslavl.

He made his professional debut in the Russian Second Division in 1992 for FC Vympel Rybinsk. He played 4 games and scored 1 goal in the UEFA Intertoto Cup 1998 for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl.

1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup finals were won by Valencia, Werder Bremen, and Bologna. All three teams advanced to the UEFA Cup. The 1998 tournament saw Spanish clubs debut in the competition and also the return of English clubs, since the controversy surrounding its participants in 1995.
Üner
Üner is a Turkish name. Notable people with the name include:

Given name:

Üner Kirdar (born 1933), Turkish author and United Nations official

Üner Tan (1937-2022), Turkish neuroscientist and evolutionary biologist

Üner Teoman (1932-2024), Turkish Olympic sprinter

Surname:

İdil Üner (born 1971), German-Turkish actress

Kaan Üner (born 1988), Turkish basketball player

Üner Tan
Üner Tan (1 May 1937 – 6 February 2022) was a Turkish neuroscientist and evolutionary biologist. He is best known for his discovery and study of the human quadrupedal condition he named the Uner Tan syndrome. He taught at Çukurova University until his retirement in 2004 and had previously taught at several other institutions.
2018 KPIT MSLTA Challenger – Doubles
Tomislav Brkić and Ante Pavić were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vijay Sundar Prashanth and Ramkumar Ramanathan won the title after defeating Hsieh Cheng-peng and Yang Tsung-hua 7–6(7–3), 6–7(5–7), [10–7] in the final.

Yang Tsung-hua
Yang Tsung-hua (Chinese: 楊宗樺; born 29 March 1991) is a Taiwanese professional tennis player. On the junior circuit, Yang reached a career-high combined ranking of No. 1 in 2008, when he won the French Open singles title against Polish player Jerzy Janowicz in two sets, and the Australian Open and Wimbledon doubles titles alongside Hsieh Cheng-peng.
Fort Prince
Fort Prince was built in Spartanburg County, South Carolina for protection against the Cherokee Indians. It was near the residence of a Mr. Prince. Fort Prince was the general rallying point in times of danger when the people of the settlement sought safety. Just in front was a creek for their washing. Nearby stood a mill which ground corn, later known as Grays Mill. There was a Battle of Fort Prince during  the American Revolutionary War, when Edward Hampton drove the British from the fort on July 15, 1780, and it stood for several years after.

Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Spartanburg County is a county located on the northwestern border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 327,997, making it the fifth-most populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Spartanburg. Spartanburg County is the largest county within the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Arabemys
Arabemys is an extinct genus of sea turtle. It was first named in 1999, and contains one species, A. crassiscutata. It is known from deposits of Late Paleocene or Early Eocene age near the village of Linah in northern Saudi Arabia (28°44′2″N 43°52′25″E﻿ / ﻿28.73389°N 43.87361°E﻿ / 28.73389; 43.87361).

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.
Falkirk L.F.C.
Falkirk Ladies Football Club are a Scottish women's football club from the town of Falkirk. They play in the Scottish Women's Football League and also compete in the Women's First Division League Cup and Scottish Cup. They are not to be confused with the women's section of Falkirk F.C.

Scottish Women's Football League
The Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) is a group of women's football divisions in Scotland. The league is owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football (SWF), an affiliated body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA).

Following on from the national league of the Scottish Women's Football Association founded in 1972, the SWFL was formed by clubs and the SWFA in 1999 as the country's top four women's league tiers.

From 1999 until 2015, the SWFL First Division (SWFL 1) was the second tier of Scottish women's football; its Premier Division broke off to create the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2002. The subsequent additions of SWPL 2 (2016), the SWF Championship (2021) and SWF League One (2023) means that The SWFL now comprises the fifth tier of the Scottish league system, and currently has 40 clubs in four regional divisions.
Lye by Mistake
Lye by Mistake was an American experimental metal band from St. Louis, Missouri, that formed in 2004.  They released their most recent album, Fea Jur, on October 13, 2009. They blend many genres into their music, including progressive rock, jazz fusion, and mathcore. After seven years as a musical project, the members went their separate ways in 2011. By late 2012, the band's dissolution was confirmed by both former vocalist Tony Saputo and former drummer Drew Button, although no official breakup announcement was ever made.

Avant-garde metal
Avant-garde metal (also known as avant-metal, experimental metal, art metal and experimetal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal, particularly death metal, and is closely related to progressive metal. Some local scenes include Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.
Larisa (Argos)
Larisa (Greek: Λάρισα, also Κάστρο Λάρισα, "Castle Larisa") is the ancient and medieval acropolis of Argos, located on a high rocky hill, within the town's boundaries to the west. According to Strabo, it is named for a group of Pelasgians. The summit is occupied by the ruins of a Byzantine-Venetian castle, below it, roughly midway down the slope of the mountain, is Panagia Katakekrymeni-Portokalousa monastery, and opposite the castle entrance, the Monastery of Agia Marina (Saint Margaret), a nunnery. The site was fortified and in continuous use for nineteen centuries.

Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland during 2021. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

National Records of Scotland
National Records of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Clàran Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government. It is responsible for civil registration, the census in Scotland, demography and statistics, family history, as well as the national archives and historical records.

National Records of Scotland was formed from the merger of the General Register Office for Scotland and the National Archives of Scotland in 2011; it combines all the functions of the two former organisations. The offices of Registrar General for Scotland and Keeper of the Records of Scotland remain separate, but since 2011 both have been vested ex officio in the Chief Executive of National Records of Scotland, currently Paul Lowe.
Dhimitër Xhuvani
Dhimitër Xhuvani (23 May 1934 – 19 September 2009) was an Albanian writer and screenwriter.

Xhuvani was born in 1934 in Pogradec. His father, Kostaq Xhuvani, was a respected teacher from Elbasan. In 1944, during World War II, his family fled from Pogradec and took refuge in Mokër, where they stayed until their country was liberated, after which they moved to Elbasan. After finishing medical high-school he worked in the rural hospitals of Librazhd, Peqin, Gramsh, and Cërrik. After leaving medicine he continued his studies in the Faculty of History and Philology in Tirana and later in Moscow.

Dhimitër is the winner of many literary awards, and his work has been translated in many languages including Italian, French, English, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.

He died in Tirana of natural causes at the age of 75.

Librazhd
Librazhd (Albanian definite form: Librazhdi) is a town and a municipality in Elbasan County, southeast Albania. The municipality was reformed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Hotolisht, Librazhd, Lunik, Orenjë, Polis, Qendër Librazhd and Stëblevë, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Librazhd. The total population is 23,312, in a total area of 793.99 km2 (306.56 sq mi). The population of the municipal unit as of the 2023 census is 6,787.

Librazhd is the nearest town to the Shebenik National Park.
Francis Needham, Viscount Newry
Francis Jack Needham, Viscount Newry (2 February 1815 – 6 May 1851), was an Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament.

Newry, who was born in Boulogne, France, and baptised at Sidmouth, Devon, was the eldest son of Francis Needham, 2nd Earl of Kilmorey, and Jane Gun-Cuninghame, and was educated at Eton College. He gained the courtesy title of Viscount Newry when his father succeeded as Earl of Kilmorey in 1832. In 1841 he was elected as a Conservative to the House of Commons for Newry in 1841, a seat he held until his death.

Lord Newry married, at Watford, Hertfordshire, in 1839 Anne Amelia Colville, daughter of General the Hon. Sir Charles Colville. He died at his home in Grosvenor Crescent, Belgravia, London, in May 1851, aged 36, predeceasing his father, and was buried at Adderley, Shropshire. His eldest son Francis succeeded to the earldom in 1880. Lady Newry died 6 January 1900, aged 80.

Charles Colville
General Sir Charles Colville GCB GCH (7 August 1770 – 27 March 1843) was a British Army officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars. He was an ensign in 1781. He served in the West Indies from 1791 to 1797 and while serving there was promoted to lieutenant-colonel (1796). He helped to suppress the Irish Rebellion of 1798. He was in Egypt in 1801 and fought at Martinique in 1809. He commanded brigade, and afterwards division, in the Peninsular War from 1810 until 1814. During the Waterloo Campaign of 1815 he commanded a division in Belgium and the same year was made a K.C.B. In 1819 he was promoted to lieutenant-general and served as commander-in-chief at Bombay from 1819 until 1825. He was governor of Mauritius from 1828 until 1834. He was promoted to general in 1837.
Adam Gunn
Adam Beattie Gunn (December 23, 1870 – August 17, 1935) was a Scottish-American athlete who competed mainly in the "All rounder", the forerunner of today's Decathlon. Gunn took first place in the Amateur Athletic Union's U.S. All-around championships in 1901 and 1902. The 1901 title was won in Buffalo, New York which Gunn adopted as his home town.

He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Louis, Missouri in the All rounder which consisted of 100 y run, shot put, high jump, 880 y walk, hammer throw, pole vault, 120 y hurdles, 56 pounds weight throw, long jump and 1 mile run, where he won the silver medal.

He was born in the Sutherland village of Golspie, in the Highlands of Scotland.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Number 9 Audio Group
Number 9 Audio Group is a recording studio located in the Cabbagetown area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 222 Gerrard Street East. Number 9 produced the World Jazz For Haiti charity album in 2010, appeared on Much Music's Disband TV show in 2008, and recorded Canadian acts Barenaked Ladies and Amanda Marshall in the 1990s, while they were still emerging artists.

Cabbagetown, Toronto
Cabbagetown is a neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Administratively, it is defined as part of the Cabbagetown-South St. Jamestown neighbourhood. It largely features semi-detached Victorian houses and is recognized as "the largest continuous area of preserved Victorian housing in all of North America", according to the Cabbagetown Preservation Association.

Cabbagetown's name derives from the  Irish immigrants who moved to the neighbourhood beginning in the late 1840s, said to have been so poor that they grew cabbage in their front yards. Canadian writer Hugh Garner's novel, Cabbagetown, depicted life in the neighbourhood during the Great Depression.