hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lamina monopolar cell
Lamina monopolar cells are a class of neurons in the most peripheral neuropil of the arthropod visual system, the lamina. Most insects, including flies, have five distinct classes lamina monopolar cells: L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. L1, L2, L3, receive direct synaptic input from the photoreceptors in the lamina, and send axons into the second-order neuropil of the visual system, the medulla.

Optic lobe (arthropods)
The optic(al) lobe of arthropods is a structure of the protocerebrum that sits behind the arthropod eye (mostly compound eyes) and is responsible for the processing of the visual information. It is made up of three layers:

Lamina (ganglionaris)

responsible for contrast enhancement through lateral inhibition

Medulla

processes movement and shows movement direction sensitivity. Possesses local motion detectors

Lobula

integrates information from large areas of the visual field to abstract visual information and object recognition
Lobula platewide-field motion vision
Montenegrins of Kosovo
Montenegrins are a South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the modern-day state of Montenegro. They form an ethnic minority in Kosovo.

The Montenegrins were primarily concentrated in the municipalities of Peja, Pristina, Mitrovica, Istog, Deçan, and Gjakova, until 1961. In the period from 1961–1981, the Montenegrins disappeared from 243 settlements, which, combined with the 760 settlements that had no Montenegrin inhabitants in 1961, gives a total of 1,003 settlements without a single Montenegrin inhabitant. As a result of conflicts with the ethnically dominant Albanians, many Montenegrins moved from Kosovo to Montenegro or to Serbia proper.

In December 2008, the Republic of Kosovo recognized the Montenegrin national minority in Kosovo.

Deçan
Deçan (pronounced [dɛˈtʃan]; Albanian definite form: Deçani; Serbian: Дечани, pronounced [dɛ̌t͡ʃani]) is a town and municipality in the district of Gjakova, Kosovo. The municipality has an area of 293.94 km2 (113.49 sq mi) and it includes the town and 37 smaller settlements. According to the last census of 2024, the municipality has a population of 27,775.
Derya Çimen
Derya Çimen is a Turkish model who was runner-up at the Miss Model Of The World 2009 beauty pageant held in China. She also won the mini-award for Best National Costume for a costume designed by Erkan Kara.

Çimen was selected to represent her nation after winning the Miss Model of Turkey pageant in Çeşme. She stands at 183 cm tall and weighs 62 kg.

Çeşme
Çeşme, officially the Çeşme Municipality, is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 285 km2, and its population is 48,924 (2022). It sits at Turkey's westernmost end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula that also carries the same name and that extends inland to form a whole with the wider Urla-Karaburun-Çeşme Peninsula. It is a popular holiday resort and the district center, where two thirds of the district population is concentrated. Çeşme is located 85 km west of İzmir, the largest metropolitan center in Turkey's Aegean Region. There is a six-lane highway connecting the two cities (Otoyol 32). Çeşme district has two neighboring districts, Karaburun to the north and Urla to the east, both of which are also part of İzmir Province. The name "Çeşme" means "fountain" and possibly draws reference from the many Ottoman fountains that are scattered across the city.
Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli
Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with unipolar polytrichous flagella from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea. Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli has the ability to produce β-glucosidase.

Β-Glucosidase
β-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21; systematic name β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is an enzyme that catalyses the following reaction:

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing β-D-glucosyl residues with release of β-D-glucose
Kakunodate Kabazaiku Museum
Kakunodate Kabazaiku Museum (仙北市立角館樺細工伝承館, Senboku Shiritsu Kakunodate Kabazaiku Denshōkan), also known in English as Kakunodate Cherry Bark Work Museum, opened in Kakunodate, now Semboku, Akita Prefecture, Japan in 1978. Dedicated to the traditional craft of kabazaiku, there are also displays on other local crafts, including Shiraiwa-yaki ceramics, Kakunodate-shunkei lacquerware, and Itaya-zaiku maple wickerwork.

Kabazaiku
Kabazaiku (樺細工) (literally "birch craftsmanship") is the traditional Japanese art of fashioning tea boxes, smoking accessories, and other woodworks out of the bark of a cherry tree.

The name is somewhat misleading, as 樺 (kaba, birch) bark is hardly used in practice.  It is believed that the term originally came from the association of white birch or "白樺" with homes in good standing.  Thus 樺 may have described the class of artisans rather than the actual materials used.  However this is just one of many explanations, with no single explanation widely accepted.
South Australia Police
The South Australia Police (SAPOL) is the police force of the Australian state of South Australia. SAPOL is an independent statutory agency of the Government of South Australia directed by the Commissioner of Police, who reports to the Minister for Police. SAPOL provides general duties policing, highway patrol, criminal investigation and emergency coordination services throughout the state. SAPOL is also responsible for road safety advocacy and education, and maintains the South Australian Road Safety Centre.

As of November 2023 the commissioner of police is Grant Stevens, who has been in the role since July 2015.

Isuzu D-Max
The Isuzu D-Max is a compact pickup truck (first- and second-generation) and mid-size pickup truck (third generation) manufactured since 2002 by Isuzu. It is a successor to the Isuzu Faster/KB. The first and second-generation model shares its platform with the Chevrolet Colorado. The third-generation model shares its platform with the third-generation Mazda BT-50, which is produced in the same Isuzu plant in Thailand.

In Australasia the D-Max was marketed as the Holden Rodeo from 2003 to 2008, when it was relaunched as the Holden Colorado. The Isuzu D-Max itself was also introduced during 2008, selling alongside the Holden-badged offering.

The D-Max also has an SUV counterpart based on the same platform, which is the MU-7 for the first-generation model, and the MU-X for the succeeding generations.
Twitches (novel series)
T*Witches is an American children's fantasy novel series by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld which were published between 2001 and 2004 by Scholastic Press, a subsidiary of Scholastic Corporation.

The cover art and design of the book series was done by David Loew and Joyce White. The series was titled Witches Hexengirls for their releases in German and French.

Its first book, The Power of Two, was adapted into two television films; Twitches in 2005 and Twitches Too in 2007, which were broadcast on Disney Channel.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Riviera Beach, Florida
Riviera Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, which was incorporated on September 29, 1922. Due to the location of its eastern boundary, it is also the easternmost municipality in the Miami metropolitan area. In the 2020 U.S. census, the total population of Riviera Beach residents was 37,604 people.

Riviera Beach is predominantly an African-American city and it is on the list of U.S. cities with African American majority populations. It is home to the Port of Palm Beach and a United States Coast Guard station, and has its own marina. Riviera Beach is home to Blue Heron Bridge, one of the country's top-rated beach dive sites. In 2015, Riviera Beach renamed part of Old Dixie Highway that runs inside the city limits as President Barack Obama Highway. The city is also home to Rapids Water Park, a water park attraction for both tourists and residents.

Water park
A water park (also waterpark, water world, or aquapark) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider.
Polaris Flare
The Polaris Flare is a filamentous gas cloud in the Milky Way which is seen in the sky in the region of the constellation Ursa Minor and around the star Polaris. The area on the sky is estimated at 50 square degrees. The range is approximately 500 light years.

Interstellar cloud
An interstellar cloud is an accumulation of gas, plasma, and cosmic dust in galaxies. Put differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium, the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. Depending on the density, size, and temperature of a given cloud, its hydrogen can be neutral, making an H I region; ionized, or plasma making it an H II region; or molecular, which are referred to simply as molecular clouds, or sometime dense clouds. Neutral and ionized clouds are sometimes also called diffuse clouds. An interstellar cloud is formed by the gas and dust particles from a red giant in its later life.
Gerlach Water Tower
The Gerlach Water Tower, on Main Street in Gerlach, Nevada, was built in 1909 by the Utah Construction Company.

It has a 44,000 US gallons (170,000 L; 37,000 imp gal) capacity redwood tank.  It served locomotives of the Western Pacific Railroad Company and also the company town of Gerlach. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

Gerlach, Nevada
Gerlach, Nevada is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 130 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Prior to 2010, Gerlach was part of the Gerlach–Empire census-designated place. The town of Empire is now a separate CDP. The next nearest town, Nixon, is 60 miles (100 km) to the south on a reservation owned by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. The Fly Geyser is located near Gerlach.
Captain America's shield
Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by Captain America, and is intended to be an emblem of American culture.

Over the years, Captain America has used several shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, Captain America Comics #2.

Timely Comics
Timely Comics was the common name for the group of corporations that was the earliest comic book arm of American publisher Martin Goodman, and the entity that would evolve by the 1960s to become Marvel Comics.

Founded in 1939, during the era called the Golden Age of Comic Books, "Timely" was the umbrella name for the comics division of pulp magazine publisher Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities all producing the same product. The company's first publication in 1939 used Timely Publications, based at his existing company in the McGraw-Hill Building at 330 West 42nd Street in New York City. In 1942, it moved to the 14th floor of the Empire State Building, where it remained until 1951. In 2016, Marvel announced that Timely Comics would be the name of a new imprint of low-priced reprint comics.
Close helmet
The close helmet or close helm is a type of combat helmet that was worn by knights and other men-at-arms in the Late Medieval and Renaissance eras. It was also used by some heavily armoured, pistol-armed cuirassiers into the mid-17th century. It is a fully enclosing helmet with a pivoting visor and integral bevor.

Man-at-arms
A man-at-arms was a soldier of the High Medieval to Renaissance periods who was typically well-versed in the use of arms and served as a fully-armoured heavy cavalryman. A man-at-arms could be a knight, or nobleman, a member of a knight's or nobleman's retinue, or a mercenary in a company serving under a captain. Such men could serve for pay or through a feudal obligation. The terms knight and man-at-arms are often used interchangeably, but while all knights equipped for war were men-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights.
2014 Portuguese Socialist Party prime ministerial primary
The 2014 Socialist Party prime ministerial primary elections was held on 28 September 2014, the first primary open for non-members of the Socialist Party (PS). It elected the party's candidate for Prime Minister of Portugal in the 2015 legislative election. It was the first time in Portugal that a party had an open primary. There were only two candidates running: António José Seguro, the incumbent secretary-general of the party, and António Costa, the mayor of Lisbon. António Costa won the primary by a landslide, achieving about 68% of the votes against the 32% of António José Seguro.

After the first results were announced, Seguro conceded defeat and resigned as Secretary-General of the Party.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
Maireana melanocarpa
Maireana melanocarpa, commonly known as black-fruit bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a multi-branched shrub or subshrub with woolly branches, more or less terete woolly leaves, flowers arranged singly and a dark brown to black fruiting perianth with a horizontal wing with dark brown veins.

Terete
Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. That is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with a roughly circular cross section and a single wrap-around skin-like surface called the cortex, compared to foliose lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface.

Plants and lichens may also be described as subterete, meaning that they are not completely terete.
TV8 (Turkish TV channel)
TV8 (Turkish: TV Sekiz) is a Turkish free-to-air television channel owned by MNG Media Group, which started broadcasting on 22 February 1999. Its current owner is Acun Medya. Aside from having national coverage on terrestrial television, it is also carried on cable operators and satellite providers like Kablo TV, Tivibu, Digiturk and D-Smart.

TV8 as a news channel started broadcasting in 2005, becoming part of the format and logo by changing the entertainment channels. The programs include music, entertainment, game and talent shows, sports, talk shows, and news. On 17 March 2016, TV8 announced that it had acquired the Formula 1 broadcasting rights for one season. TV8 is the local broadcaster of TV shows like The Voice, Got Talent, Survivor and Utopia.

Türksat (company)
Türksat Satellite Communications Cable TV and Operations Incorporated (Turkish: Türksat Uydu Haberleşme Kablo TV ve İşletme A.Ş.) is the sole communications satellite operator in Turkey. It was established on 21 December 1990 as a state-owned company named Türksat Milli Haberleşme Uyduları (Türksat National Communications Satellites) in Gölbaşı, Ankara Province; eventually incorporating the satellite services of Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş. and becoming Türksat A.Ş. on 22 July 2004. Türksat A.Ş. also owns 100% of the shares of Eurasiasat S.A.M., jointly established as a spin-off company with Aérospatiale in 1996 to manufacture and launch Türksat 2A (Eurasiasat 1) in 2001.

Hasan Hüseyin ERTOK was appointed as the General Manager of Türksat A.Ş on January 21, 2021.
Kakade
Kakade is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bandya Kakade (c. 1945–2012), Indian footballer

Kartik Kakade (born 1995), Indian cricketer

Sambhajirao Kakade (1931–2021), Indian politician

Sanjay Kakade (born 29 August 1967), Indian politician

Sham Kakade, American computer scientist

Sanjay Kakade
Sanjay Dattatraya Kakade (born 29 August 1967) is a Member of Parliament, representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of Indian Parliament. He was elected as an independent candidate but later joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a real estate developer.
Vincent Square
Vincent Square is a grass-covered square in Westminster, London, England. It is London's largest privately owned square, covering 13 acres, lined with mature trees including London Planes. In among a network of backstreets, it chiefly provides playing fields for Westminster School, who own it absolutely; otherwise, it functions as a green lung and a view for the homes, hotel and other organisations adjoining. Nine of its adjoining buildings have been given strict statutory architectural recognition and protection. The Liberal Democrat Headquarters, housing one of Parliament's three largest political parties, was based at 1 Vincent Square, until September 2025.

London plane
The London plane, or sometimes hybrid plane, Platanus × hispanica, is a tree in the genus Platanus. It is often known by the synonym Platanus × acerifolia, a later name. It is a hybrid of Platanus orientalis (oriental plane) and Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore).
Glavkino
55°46′43″N 37°14′24″E﻿ / ﻿55.77861°N 37.24000°E﻿ / 55.77861; 37.24000

Glavkino (Russian: Главкино, pronounced [ˈɡlʲavkʲɪnə]) is a film studio in Russia. The studio includes a self-titled TV Movie complex, a production company, and lab scenarios.

The Concern was founded in 2008 by Fyodor Bondarchuk, Konstantin Ernst and Ilya Bachurin. 50% of the concern is owned by Fyodor Bondarchuk, Konstantin Ernst, Ilya Bachurin and "Uralsib" Bank, another 50% is owned by the private investor Vitaly Golovachov. Glavkino complex is located in the Krasnogorsk municipal district of Moscow region. The first movie filmed by Glavkino was August Eighth.

Fyodor Bondarchuk
Fyodor Sergeyevich Bondarchuk (Russian: Фёдор Сергеевич Бондарчук [ˈfʲɵdər sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪdʑ bəndɐrˈtɕuk]; born 9 May 1967) is a Russian film director, actor, producer and TV host. He is also the founder of Art Pictures Studio, a production company.

He specializes in action movies, war movies, and science fiction films. Some of his most notable films include The 9th Company (2005), Dark Planet (2008–2009), Stalingrad (2013) and Attraction (2017).

As an actor, Bondarchuk is best known for starring in 8 ½ $ (1999), Down House (2001), Two Days (2011), The PyraMMMid (2011) and Ghost (2015).

He is a winner of TEFI award in 2003 in nomination “The best host of the entertainment TV-show”. He is a two-time winner of the Golden Eagle Award: as the Best Actor in a movie Two Days by Avdotya Smirnova (2011) and as the Best Actor in the comedy Ghost produced by Aleksandr Voytinskiy (2015).

On 15 October 2012 he was appointed as chairman of Lenfilm's Board of directors.
Xuân Dương, Thái Nguyên
Xuân Dương  is a commune (xã) and village in Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Xuân Dương Commune was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Xuân Dương Commune (natural area: 35.69 km²; population: 2,508), Đổng Xá Commune (natural area: 78.79 km²; population: 3,029), and Liêm Thủy Commune (natural area: 45.67 km²; population: 1,475) of Na Rì District.

Thái Nguyên province
Thái Nguyên (Vietnamese pronunciation: [t̺ʰǎj ŋʷiə̄n]) is a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It is a mountainous, inland province. Its multi-ethnic society is composed of eight ethnic groups.

With its rich mineral resources and salubrious climate, the province offers significant opportunities for industrial development for both domestic and foreign investors. Thái Nguyên is also known as an educational centre and ranks 3rd nationwide, having 21 universities and colleges. The province is also the centre of tea industry in the country with an area of 16,000 ha. (second only to Lâm Đồng) with a production of 100,000 tonnes (98,000 long tons; 110,000 short tons) per year. Its dried tea production is 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) per year. The tea produced here is considered to have the finest quality throughout Vietnam.
Kamina (film)
Kamina is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language crime thriller film directed by Lakshmikanth Chenna and featuring Sai Kumar, Subbaraju, Krishi Arimanda, Brahmaji, Ravi Babu, Ashish Vidyarthi,  Roja and Lekha Washington in important roles. It is the Telugu remake of the 2007 Bollywood film Johnny Gaddar. The film was shot in Ghatkesar, Hyderabad and Bangalore.

Ashish Vidyarthi
Ashish Vidyarthi (born 19 June 1965) is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, English, Marathi, and Odia films. He is noted for his antagonist and character roles. In 1995, he received the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for Drohkaal. He has also received several awards including a Filmfare Award South along with nominations for two Filmfare Awards.
Reflexmate
A reflexmate is a chess problem in which White, moving first, must force Black to deliver checkmate within a specified number of moves against their will – with the added condition that if either player can give checkmate, they must. If this condition applies only to Black, it is a semi-reflexmate. (Without this condition, the problem is just ordinary selfmate.)

Checkmate
Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is any game position in chess and other chess-like games in which a player's king is in check (threatened with capture) and there is no possible escape. Checkmating the opponent wins the game.

In chess, the king is never actually captured. The player loses as soon as their king is checkmated. In formal games, it is usually considered good etiquette to resign an inevitably lost game before being checkmated.

If a player is not in check but has no legal moves, then it is stalemate, and the game immediately ends in a draw. A checkmating move is recorded in algebraic notation using the hash symbol "#", for example: 34.Qg3#.