hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nepenthes candalaga
Nepenthes candalaga is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mt. Candalaga, in the Municipality of Maragusan, Davao de Oro, island of Mindanao, Philippines. This bringing the total number of Nepenthes species in this island to 38, making Mindanao the island with the highest concentration of Nepenthes species in the Philippines.

Davao de Oro
Davao de Oro, officially the Province of Davao de Oro (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Davao de Oro; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Davao de Oro), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Nabunturan while Monkayo is the most populous. It used to be part of the province of Davao del Norte until it was made a separate province in 1998.

The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf. The first elected governor was Jose Caballero, formerly a lawyer for a mining group in the province. It was formerly known as Compostela Valley (shortened to ComVal; Cebuano: Kawalogang Kompostela) from its inception until December 2019, when a plebiscite ratified the law that proposed to rename the province to Davao de Oro.
Greco guitars
Greco (Japanese: グレコ Gureko) is a Japanese guitar brand owned by the Kanda Shokai Corporation (in Japanese) 神田商会, a musical instrument wholesaler mostly known for being part of Fender Japan. Instruments manufactured with the name "Greco" are electric and acoustic guitars.

Steel-string acoustic guitar
The steel-string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar that descends from the gut-strung Romantic guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound. Like the modern classical guitar, it is often referred to simply as an acoustic guitar, or sometimes as a folk guitar.

The most common type is often called a flat top guitar, to distinguish it from the more specialized archtop guitar and other variations.

The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E (low to high), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings (scordatura), such as open G (D-G-D-G-B-D), open D (D-A-D-F♯-A-D), drop D (D-A-D-G-B-E), or D-A-D-G-A-D (particularly in Irish traditional music).
Robert H. Dicke
Robert Henry Dicke (/ˈdɪki/; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. He was the Albert Einstein Professor in Science at Princeton University (1975–1984).

Friedmann equations
The Friedmann equations, also known as the Friedmann–Lemaître (FL) equations, are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern cosmic expansion in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity. They were first derived by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 from Einstein's field equations of gravitation for the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric and a perfect fluid with a given mass density ρ and pressure p. The equations for negative spatial curvature were given by Friedmann in 1924.
The physical models built on the Friedmann equations are called FRW or FLRW models and form the Standard Model of modern cosmology, although such a description is also associated with the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The FLRW model was developed independently by the named authors in the 1920s and 1930s.
Luis Alcaraz
Ángel Luis Alcaraz Acosta (born June 20, 1941) is a Puerto Rican former professional second baseman.  Alcaraz was signed as a free agent by the Milwaukee Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB) on January 1, 1959 and then traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers before the 1960 season. He spent several seasons in the minor leagues before making his Major League debut on September 13, 1967 for the Dodgers against the San Francisco Giants.

After two seasons in Los Angeles, he was purchased from the Dodgers by the Kansas City Royals on October 21, 1968. He played for the Royals for two more seasons and then was traded by the Royals to the Chicago White Sox on March 30, 1971 for Bobby Knoop.

Free agency (Major League Baseball)
Free agency in Major League Baseball (MLB) concerns professional athletes whose contracts with a team have expired and who are therefore eligible to sign with another team. Specifics are governed by a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between MLB and its players' labor union, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). Before the mid-1970s, professional baseball players could effectively be bound, in perpetuity, to the team holding their contract via a "reserve clause", thus preventing them from becoming free agents.
1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic was a major outbreak of smallpox that began in Victoria, on Vancouver Island, and quickly spread among Indigenous peoples across the Pacific Northwest Coast and the Northwest Plateau. Over the course of 1862 and 1863, the disease swept along the coast from Puget Sound to Southeast Alaska, causing devastating loss of life and permanently altering Indigenous societies throughout the region.

While colonial authorities worked to contain the disease among settlers through vaccination and quarantine, fewer measures were taken to protect Indigenous communities. As a result, the epidemic continued to spread unchecked in many areas, leading to devastating loss of life and long-lasting demographic, social, and political consequences in what is now British Columbia and the northwestern United States.

Shíshálh Nation
shíshálh Nation (also spelled Shishalh) is a First Nation located on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Their swiya (world, 'Territory’) comprises 515,000 hectares that stretches from xwesam (Roberts Creek) in the southeast, to x̱enichen (Jervis Inlet) in the north, to kwekwenis (Lang Bay) in the southwest.
John Hanson Beadle
John Hanson Beadle (March 14, 1840 – January 15, 1897) was a soldier in the American Civil War, a foreign correspondent, and the author of a book about Utah published in 1870. He reported from Utah, criticizing Mormonism and polygamy. He also reported from New York City, Canada, Europe, and Washington, D.C. He owned the Rockville Tribune in Rockville, Indiana.

Rockville, Indiana
Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Rockville had a population of 2,510. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as "The Covered Bridge Capital of the World".
PhostrEx
PhostrEx is a fire suppression agent developed for use in aviation applications to replace halon, a greenhouse gas (GHG). It was developed by Eclipse Aviation for use aboard their Eclipse 500 very light jets as an engine fire suppression system, and is now being marketed to other aviation manufacturers.

Fire suppression system
Fire suppression systems are used to extinguish, control, or in some cases, entirely prevent fires from spreading or occurring. Fire suppression systems have an very large variety of applications, and as such, there are many different types of suppression systems for different applications being used today. Of these, there are some that are still in use but are no longer legal to manufacture and produce, such as Halon 1301.
2014–15 CERH Women's European Cup
The 2014–15 CERH Women's European Cup was the 9th season of Europe's premier female club roller hockey competition organized by CERH.

Following several knockout rounds, the four best teams contested a final four tournament, won by Portuguese club Benfica.

World Skate Europe Rink Hockey
The World Skate Europe Rink Hockey, formerly known as Comité Européen de Rink-Hockey, is a technical committee within World Skate Europe responsible for the governing of rink hockey (or roller hockey) in Europe.
Stadio della neve
Stadio della neve was a temporary stadium located in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Located in the Campo di Sotto area, the venue hosted the cross-country skiing and the cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined events for the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Post Olympics the stands and scoreboard was removed with the site now a grass field.

Cross-country skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics
At the 1956 Winter Olympics six cross-country skiing events – four for men and two for women – were contested after men's 30 km and women's 3 × 5 km relay were added. The competitions were held from Friday, 27 January, to Sunday, 4 February 1956.
Thomas McCrae (politician)
Thomas McCrae (died June 11, 1814) was a farmer, innkeeper and political figure in Upper Canada.

He served as steward on a British ship on Lake Erie during the American Revolution. He was living in Detroit in 1779, but settled in Raleigh Township around 1789. He was named justice of the peace in the Western District in 1806. He also served as captain in the local militia during the War of 1812. He represented Kent in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1800 to 1804.

His son William was later also a member of the legislative assembly.

Western District, Upper Canada
Western District was one of four districts of the Province of Quebec created in 1788 in the western reaches of the Montreal District which were later detached in 1791 to create the new colony of Upper Canada. Known as Hesse District (named after Hesse in Germany) until 1792, it was abolished in 1849.
St Edmund's Catholic School, Dover
St Edmund's Catholic School is a co-educational Roman Catholic secondary school located in Dover, Kent, England. The school is named after Edmund of Abingdon, and is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark.

Archdiocese of Southwark
The Archdiocese of Southwark (Latin: Archidioecesis Southvarcensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in England. It is led by the Archbishop of Southwark. The archdiocese is part of the Metropolitan Province of Southwark, which covers the South of England. The Southwark archdiocese also makes up part of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.

Its cathedral church is St George's Cathedral, Southwark.
Zee Bollyworld TV
Zee Bollyworld TV is an online Indian Bollywood high-definition (HD) television channel, which is owned and operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises and FilmOn. A large Indian media group, Zee Entertainment Enterprises made a partnership with US-based online TV provider FilmOn.com to launch the TV channel.

The channel was launched on 10 July 2015, and is programmed to offer movies and other Indian content in Hindi with English subtitles, along with business programming regarding behind-the-scenes and studio dealings in the Bollywood system. The channel is made available free on computers, tablets and other mobile devices.

FilmOn
FilmOn is an Internet-based television provider owned by FilmOn.TV Networks Inc. Alki David had founded FilmOn.TV Networks in 2006. The company was involved in a prolonged legal case concerning streaming rights with CBS, Fox, and NBC between 2013 and 2017, with FilmOn ultimately settling.
KVRP (AM)
KVRP (1400 AM) is a commercial radio station located in Stamford, Texas, broadcasting to the northern sections of the Abilene, Texas, area.  KVRP airs a Christian contemporary music format branded as "The River".  The programming is syndicated by Salem Radio Network.

The station is an affiliate of the Dallas Cowboys radio network.

Salem Radio Network
Salem Radio Network is a United States–based radio network that specializes in syndicated Christian political talk, music, and conservative secular news/talk programming. It is a division of the Salem Media Group.
Allée des Acacias in the Bois de Boulogne
Allée des Acacias, in the Bois de Boulogne is a gouache on card painting by French artist Roger de La Fresnaye, from 1908. It depicts a car on a street in the Bois de Boulogne, Paris. It is now in the Musée Carnavalet, Paris. It was once used on a poster promoting cars made by the painter's brother.

Gouache
Gouache (/ɡuˈɑːʃ, ɡwɑːʃ/; French: [ɡwaʃ]), body color, or opaque watercolor is a water-medium paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a long history, having been used for at least twelve centuries. It is used most consistently by commercial artists for posters, illustrations, comics, and other design work.

Gouache is similar to watercolor in that it can be rewetted and dried to a matte finish, and the paint can become infused into its paper support. It is similar to acrylic or oil paints in that it is normally used in an opaque painting style and it can form a superficial layer. Many manufacturers of watercolor paints also produce gouache, and the two can easily be used together.
Bishnu Pada Roy
Bishnu Pada Roy was an Indian politician from the state of West Bengal. He was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 2021 to 2023, from the Dhupguri constituency.

He was a first-time MLA elected in 2021, he got elected after defeating the Trinamool Congress candidate and also the sitting MLA Mitali Roy.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Erik Karapetyan
Erik Valerayi Karapetyan (Armenian: Էրիկ Վալերայի Կարապետյան; born 5 June 1988), better known as simply Erik, is an Armenian singer-songwriter. He represented Armenia in the 2011 New Wave international contest for young performers and achieved fifth place. He also won "Audience's Choice" of that competition. In 2016, he became one of the jury members of the Armenian X-Factor.

X Factor (Armenian TV series)
X-Factor (Armenian: Իքս-Ֆակտոր) is the Armenian adaptation of the British television music talent show The X Factor. It is a televised music talent show featuring aspiring pop singers who are selected through public auditions held in Armenia and among the Armenian diaspora. In its inaugural year, the show was broadcast on Shant TV, the same station that airs the Armenian Idol series Hay Superstar.
Catlin (medicine)
A catlin or catling is a long, double-bladed surgical knife.  It was commonly used from the 17th to the mid 19th century, particularly for amputations; after that its use declined in favor of mechanically driven (and later, electrically driven) oscillating saws.

Surgeon William Clowes wrote about the instrument in a medical treatise written in 1596, that amputation required the use of "a very good catlin, and an incision knife,"   Later, surgeon John Woodall referred to a "catlinge" in a work in 1639.  By 1693, when British navy surgeon John Moyle described proper amputation techniques, he wrote that "with your Catling, divide the Flesh and Vessels about and between the bones, and with the back of your Catling, remove the Periosteum that it may not hinder the saw, nor cause greater Torment in the Operation,".

The term was thereafter understood to refer to an interosseous knife.

William Clowes (surgeon)
William Clowes the Elder (c. 1543/1544 – 1604) was an early English surgeon. He published case reports in which he advocated the application of powders and ointments. He also published one of the first reports in English on how to reduce a femur.
Stonemouth
Stonemouth is a 2012 novel by Scottish author Iain Banks. The novel was published on 5 April 2012 by Little, Brown and Company and follows a man returning to a small seaport town after being forced to flee five years earlier. The Irish Times picked the book as one of their "Books to Read in 2012".

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
Alnwick Parish, New Brunswick
Alnwick is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the village of Neguac, the Indian reserves of Esgenoôpetitj 14 and Tabusintac 9, the incorporated rural community of Alnwick, and the regional municipality of Tracadie. Neguac and Tracadie are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission, while Alnwick is a member of the Greater Miramichi RSC.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the rural community of Alnwick was divided between four local service districts: Fair Isle, Oak Point - Bartibog Bridge, Tabusintac, and the parish of Alnwick, which also included the islands that are now part of Neguac.

Gloucester County, New Brunswick
Gloucester County (2021 population 78,256) is located in the northeastern corner of New Brunswick, Canada. Fishing, mining and forestry are the major industries in the county. The eastern section of the county is known for its Acadian culture. The county is named for Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh.
Marla Shelton
Marla Shelton (October 12, 1912 – February 14, 2001) was an American actress. She appeared in the films The Phantom Rider, Flying Hostess, Under Cover of Night, Dangerous Number, When's Your Birthday?, Personal Property, Song of the City, There Goes My Girl, Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938, Stand-In, 52nd Street, Escape to Paradise, The Lone Wolf Meets a Lady, Bells of Capistrano, Secrets of the Underground, When Johnny Comes Marching Home and Saratoga Trunk, among others.

Bells of Capistrano
Bells of Capistrano is a 1942 American Western film directed by William Morgan and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, and Virginia Grey. Written by Lawrence Kimble, it is a story of a singing cowboy who helps out a beautiful rodeo owner when her competitor gets too rough. The film features the popular songs "Forgive Me", "At Sundown", "In Old Capistrano", and "Don't Bite The Hand That's Feeding You". Bells of Capistrano was Autry's final film before entering the service for World War II.
2023 Birthday Honours
The 2023 King's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 15 Commonwealth realms of King Charles III to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the King's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. They were announced on 17 June 2023.

The King appoints members to the orders upon the advice of his ministers. However, the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle, the Order of Merit and the Royal Victorian Order are bestowed solely by the Sovereign.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Francis Danby
Francis Danby ARA (16 November 1793 – 9 February 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin. Danby initially developed his imaginative style while he was the central figure in a group of artists who have come to be known as the Bristol School. His period of greatest success was in London in the 1820s.

Letitia Elizabeth Landon
Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838) was an English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L. Her first major breakthrough came with The Improvisatrice and she developed the metrical romance towards the Victorian ideal of the Victorian monologue, influencing fellow English writers such as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson and Christina Rossetti. Her influence can also be found in the United States, where she was very popular. Edgar Allan Poe regarded her genius as self-evident.

In spite of her wide influence, due to the perceived immorality of Landon's lifestyle, her works were largely ignored or misrepresented after her death. Landon's writings are emblematic of the transition from Romanticism to Victorian literature.
Monique Gagnon-Tremblay
Monique Gagnon-Tremblay (French: [mɔnik gɑɲɔ̃ tʁɑ̃ble] ; born May 26, 1940, in Plessisville, Quebec) is a politician in Quebec, Canada. She was the MNA for the riding of Saint-François in the Estrie region from 1985 to 2012. She served as Liberal leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Quebec from May 1998 to December 1998 and Deputy Premier in 1994 and from 2003 to 2005.

Plessisville, Quebec
Plessisville (French pronunciation: [plɛsivil]) is a county seat of L'Érable Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. Routes 116 and 165 go through it. The city is 185 km from Montreal and 95 km from Quebec City.  The city has hosted an annual Maple festival since 1958, and the Institut québécois de l'érable (Quebec Maple Institute) is headquartered there.  The production of maple syrup and maple products is a major industry in the entire area, even giving the regional county municipality its name (érable is French for "maple").

The first person to permanently settle in the area was Jean-Baptiste Lafond, in 1835.  First incorporated as the village of Somerset, the settlement was officially incorporated as the village of Plessisville in 1855 in honour of Monseigneur Octave Plessis, bishop of Quebec at the time. In 2024, the city and the parish merged to form the current city.
Pat Westrum
Patrick Delvan Westrum (born March 3, 1948) is a retired professional ice hockey defenseman who played 237 regular season games in the World Hockey Association for the Minnesota Fighting Saints, Calgary Cowboys and Birmingham Bulls between 1974 and 1978. Westrum also was a member of the United States national team at the 1978 Ice Hockey World Championship tournament in Prague. Westrum retired in 2018 from serving as an amateur scout in the Western Canada region for the Montreal Canadiens.

Calgary Cowboys
The Calgary Cowboys were an ice hockey team that played two seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1975 to 1977. The Cowboys played at the Stampede Corral in Calgary. The franchise was founded in 1972 as the Miami Screaming Eagles, though it never played a game in Miami. The team was based in Philadelphia  and Vancouver, known in both markets as the Blazers, before relocating to Calgary. The franchise folded in 1977.