hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cerro Grande (New Mexico)
Cerro Grande is a 10,207-foot (3,111 m) summit on the rim of the Valles Caldera not far north of New Mexico State Road 4, the main highway through Los Alamos County.  Like many mountains in the Jemez, Cerro Grande was mainly covered with coniferous forest, composed largely of ponderosa pine and aspen trees, with a characteristic rincon (meadow) on its slopes on and south of the summit.

In May 2000, a prescribed burn on Cerro Grande got out of control and became the Cerro Grande Fire, a forest fire that burned 48,000 acres (190 km²) and destroyed hundreds of homes.  Much of the forest on Cerro Grande itself was not damaged badly or at all.  However, the whole mountain burned severely in the Las Conchas Fire of 2011.

The summit can be reached by a short hike [2.3 miles (3.7 km) each way, with an elevation change of 1,200 feet (370 m)] from a trailhead along State Road 4. From the summit, one can see into Valle Grande to the west and into upper Frijoles Canyon to the south.

New Mexico State Road 4
New Mexico State Road 4  (NM 4) is a 67.946-mile-long (109.348 km) state highway in Sandoval, Los Alamos, and Santa Fe counties in New Mexico, United States. It is significant as the main access route (in conjunction with NM 501 and NM 502) connecting the remote town of Los Alamos, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Bandelier National Monument to other, more major highways in New Mexico.
Virgin Islands Americans (stateside)
Virgin Islands Americans are a group of West Indian Americans born in the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands and those individuals with ancestry from either territory who live in the U.S. states.

The U.S. Virgin Islands are an unincorporated territory of the United States. Individuals born in the U.S. Virgin Islands on or after January 17, 1917 are U.S. citizens. As a result, U.S. Virgin Islanders do not go through the legal immigration procedures that most other West Indian immigrants would. However, the British Virgin Islands are a British Overseas Territory. As a result, British Virgin Islanders are required to go through legal immigration procedures when entering the United States.

Casper Holstein
Casper Alexander Holstein (December 6, 1877 – April 5, 1944) was a prominent New York mobster involved in the Harlem "numbers rackets" during the 1920s. He was also a philanthropist and small banker. His giving funded literary prizes during the Harlem Renaissance. Born in the Virgin Islands, he continued to support and aid his community from New York through lobbying for civil rights and providing direct economic aid.
Nassariidae
The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (US), or dog whelks (UK) are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized snails, mostly marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. These snails have rounded shells with a high spire, an oval aperture, and a siphonal notch. This family of snails is found worldwide.

These snails are found mostly in shallow water, on sandy or muddy substrates, often intertidally, but sometimes in deep water. They can be present in very large numbers in suitable habitat. Nassariidae are primarily active and lively scavengers.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Château de Tours
The Château de Tours is a castle located in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France.

Built in the 11th century, the building features architecture of the Carolingian period, and was the residence of the Lords of France.

Until the 2000s, the Royal Castle of Tours was used as an aquarium where about 1,500 fish of 200 different species could be seen. It also served as Grévin museum. The castle was classified as monument historique on 20 August 1913.

Currently, the building houses contemporary exhibitions of paintings and photographs (organized by Le Jeu de Paume), including works by Joan Miró, Daniel Buren, Nadar, Robert Capa.

Nadar
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French: [ɡaspaʁ feliks tuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar (French: [nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist who was a proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.
Beach-Knapp District
The Beach-Knapp District encompasses a collection of six 19th-century buildings in the Chinatown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.  It is centered at the corner of Beach and Knapp Streets, and includes three buildings on the south side of Beach Street, and three on the east side of Knapp.  The buildings encapsulate the transition of the area from a predominantly residential area to a mixed residential-light industrial area in the 19th century.  At 5 and 7 Knapp Street stand two Greek Revival residential structures, both built in the 1830s.  The four story Renaissaince Revival building at 7-15 Beach Street was built c. 1885, and was historically used as a hotel. The other three buildings, 17-23 Beach, 25-29 Beach, and 9-23 Knapp, are all commercial buildings dating between 1885 and 1906; two of them were designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Chinatown, Boston
Chinatown, Boston (Chinese: 波士頓唐人街; Cantonese: 唐人街; Jyutping: Tong4jan4gaai1) is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only surviving historic ethnic Chinese enclave in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island, and Portland, Maine, after the 1950s. Because of the high population of Asians and Asian Americans living in this area of Boston, there is an abundance of Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants located in Chinatown. It is one of the most densely populated residential areas in Boston and serves as the largest center of its East Asian and Southeast Asian cultural life.

Chinatown borders the Boston Common, Downtown Crossing, the Washington Street Theatre District, Bay Village, the South End, and the Southeast Expressway/Massachusetts Turnpike. Boston's Chinatown is one of the largest Chinatowns outside of New York City.
Wild Card (2015 film)
Wild Card is a 2015 American action thriller film directed by Simon West and starring Jason Statham, Michael Angarano, Milo Ventimiglia, Dominik Garcia-Lorido, Anne Heche, and Sofia Vergara.  Based on the 1985 novel Heat by William Goldman, it is a remake of the 1986 adaptation that starred Burt Reynolds. The film was released in the United States on January 30, 2015 in a limited release and through video on demand.

Wild Card received negative reviews and was a box-office bomb, making only $6.7 million worldwide against a $30 million budget.

Michael Angarano
Michael Anthony Angarano (born December 3, 1987) is an American actor. He became known for his roles in the film Music of the Heart (1999) and the television series Cover Me (2000–2001), as well as for playing a recurring role as Elliott in the sitcom Will & Grace. Since then he has starred in a number of films including Sky High (2005), Lords of Dogtown (2005), The Forbidden Kingdom (2008), Gentlemen Broncos (2009), Haywire (2011), The English Teacher (2013), Sun Dogs (2017), and Oppenheimer (2023). He has also appeared in the television series I'm Dying Up Here (2017–2018) and This Is Us. The latter earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination as an Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2019.
1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held in October 1977. The Janata Party won a majority of seats and Kailash Chandra Joshi was sworn in as the new Chief Minister.

The number of constituencies in Madhya Pradesh were increased to 320, following the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Castagnito
Castagnito is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Turin and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Cuneo. It is part of the Roero historical region.
Here was born Maria Teresa Merlo.

Maria Teresa Merlo
Maria Teresa Merlo (20 February 1894 – 5 February 1964) – in religious life "Tecla" – was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious and the co-founder of the Daughters of Saint Paul that she established alongside Blessed Giacomo Alberione. Merlo was an indefatigable writer and traveler as she penned articles for her order and made visits across the world to communities that were established in nations such as the United States of America and Australia.

Pope John Paul II conferred the title of Venerable upon her in 1991 after confirming that she had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
Thyridolepis mitchelliana
Thyridolepis mitchelliana  (common name mulga grass or mulga mitchell grass) is a plant in the grass family, found in all mainland states and territories of Australia, except Victoria.

It was first described in 1843 by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck as Neurachne mitchelliana, but was transferred to the genus  Thyridolepis in 1972 by Stanley Blake.

The species epithet, mitchelliana, honours Thomas Livingstone Mitchell.

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He described approximately 7,000 plant species (almost as many as Linnaeus himself). His last official act as president of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina was to admit Charles Darwin as a member. He was the author of numerous monographs on botany and zoology and majority of his best-known works deal with fungi. The standard author abbreviation Nees is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Farman Basha
Farman Basha (born 25 March 1974) is an Indian powerlifter. Basha represented India at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom. He won a bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China. However, this was later upgraded to a silver medal after Iranian Mustafa Radhi was disqualified due to doping.

2010 Asian Para Games
The 2010 Asian Para Games (Chinese: 2010年亚洲残疾人运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī líng nián Yàzhōu cánjí rén yùndònghuì), also known as the First Asian Para Games, was a parallel sports event for Asian athletes with a disability held in Guangzhou, China. Two weeks after the conclusion of the 16th Asian Games, it opened on December 12 and closed on December 19, 2010.

Approximately 2,500 athletes from 45 Asian member nations participated in 341 events from 19 sports. The games was opened by vice premier Li Keqiang at the Guangdong Olympic Stadium.

The final medal tally was led by China, followed by South Korea and third-placed Japan. 17 world and 82 Asian records were broken during the games.
Luko Zore
Luko Zore (Serbian Cyrillic: Луко Зоре; January 15, 1846 – November 26, 1906) was a philologist and Slavist from Dubrovnik. He was one of the leaders of the opposition to Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy in Dubrovnik and a member of the Serb Catholic movement in Dubrovnik. Later in life he lived in Montenegro.

Cetinje
Cetinje (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Цетиње, pronounced [t͡sětiɲe]) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (Montenegrin: prijestonica / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro.

According to the 2023 census, the town had a population of 12,460 while the Cetinje Municipality had 14,465 residents. Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lovćen, the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.
Carbylamine reaction
The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene.

Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride.

Me3CNH2 + CHCl3 + 3 NaOH → Me3CNC + 3 NaCl + 3 H2O

Similar reactions have been reported for aniline. It is used to prepare secondary amines.

Tert-Butylamine
tert-Butylamine (also erbumine and other names) is an organic chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3CNH2.  It is a colorless liquid with a typical amine-like odor.  tert-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being n-butylamine, sec-butylamine and isobutylamine.
Culture of Fiji
The culture of modern day Fiji is a blend of indigenous Fijian, Indian, European, Chinese cultures.

Fiji had influence from various other cultures from the Pacific neighbors of Fiji; in particular the Tongan and Rotuman cultures.

Tapa cloth
Tapa cloth (or simply tapa) is a barkcloth made in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, primarily in Tonga, Samoa and Fiji, but as far afield as Niue, Cook Islands, Futuna, Solomon Islands, Java, Sulawesi, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii (where it is called kapa). In French Polynesia it has nearly disappeared, except for some villages in the Marquesas. In Melville's Typee, the ship Dolly enters the harbor of Nukuheva where it is met by "swimming nymphs ... their adornments were completed by passing a few loose folds of white tappa, in a modest cincture, around the waist."
Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré
Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, marquise d’Urfé (1705–1775) was a French aristocrat and eccentric widow, with a passion for the occult and alchemy. Rich and gullible, she is better known under the name Madame d’Urfé from the biographies of several adventurers of the 18th century, such as Cagliostro and Casanova.

Eccentricity (behavior)
Eccentricity (also called quirkiness) is an unusual or odd behavior on the part of an individual. This behavior would typically be perceived as unusual or unnecessary, without being demonstrably maladaptive. Eccentricity is contrasted with normal behavior, the nearly universal means by which individuals in society solve given problems and pursue certain priorities in everyday life. People who consistently display benignly eccentric behavior are labeled as "eccentrics".
Bitlia
Bitlia (Ukrainian: Бі́тля, Polish: Butla) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in southwest Ukraine. The village is located at a distance of 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the district center of Turka and 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the regional center of Lviv. It belongs to Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.  Its population is 1,101. Local government — Bitlianska village council.

The village Bitlia is located in the Ukrainian Carpathians within the limits of the Eastern Beskids in southwestern Lviv Oblast in Turka Raion.

The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1512.

Until 18 July 2020, Bitlia belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Sambir Raion
Sambir Raion (Ukrainian: Самбірський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sambir. Population: 221,896 (2022 estimate). It was established in 1965.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Sambir Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Staryi Sambir and Turka Raions, as well as the city of Sambir, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Sambir Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,063 (2020 est.).
Somerby Golf Club and Community
Somerby Golf Club is a private golf club and community on the north side of Byron, Minnesota, United States.  The course was designed by architect and golf pro John Fought, and by golf pro Tom Lehman.

Construction for the course and the surrounding community began in May 2002 and was completed in April 2004.  The principal developer was Golden Tee Development LLC, a partnership between Minnesota-based companies, Ames Construction, Inc. and Wensmann Homes,  Inc. On November 11, 2008, Ames Construction, Inc. announced their acquisition of Wensmann's interest in the joint venture, resulting in 100% interest.

Tom Lehman
Thomas Edward Lehman (born March 7, 1959) is an American professional golfer. A former #1 ranked golfer, his tournament wins include one major title, the 1996 Open Championship. He is also the only golfer in history to have been awarded the Player of the Year honor on all three PGA Tours: the developmental Ben Hogan Tour, the regular PGA Tour, and the senior PGA Tour Champions.
António Júlio de Castro Fernandes
António Júlio de Castro Fernandes GCC (Lisbon, June 2, 1903 – Lisbon, 1975) was a Portuguese economist, banker, politician and ideologue of corporatism.

He was linked to sectors of the Portuguese extreme right during the transition to the Estado Novo and was one of the most active propagandists of fascist corporatism. He was a leader of the Nun'Álvares National Crusade in the final years of the First Portuguese Republic and one of the founders of the National Unionist Movement (1932). He joined the National Revolution and, among many other important positions, was Undersecretary of State for Corporations and Social Welfare (1944 to 1948) and Minister for the Economy (1948 to 1950) in Oliveira Salazar's government, president of the National Union's executive committee (1958 to 1961 and 1965 to 1968), a member of the National Assembly and a prosecutor in the Corporate Chamber. He dedicated himself to banking, having been a director of Banco Nacional Ultramarino.

First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.
Motion (geometry)
In geometry, a motion is an isometry of a metric space. For instance, a plane equipped with the Euclidean distance metric is a metric space in which a mapping associating congruent figures is a motion.

Motions can be divided into direct (also known as proper or rigid) and indirect (or improper) motions.
Direct motions include translations and rotations, which preserve the orientation of a chiral shape.
Indirect motions include reflections, glide reflections, and Improper rotations, that invert the orientation of a chiral shape.
Some geometers define motion in such a way that only direct motions are motions.

More generally, the term motion is a synonym for surjective isometry in metric geometry, including elliptic geometry and hyperbolic geometry. In the latter case, hyperbolic motions provide an approach to the subject for beginners.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
The Applicators
The Applicators are an American pop punk band formed January 1999 in Austin, Texas. The all-female lineup includes lead vocalist Sabrina, guitarist Erica, bassist Rachel, and drummer Katy. The Applicators have toured nationally with Circle Jerks, Buzzcocks, Horrorpops,  The Vibrators, One Man Army, Epoxies, as well as Teen Idols, Fear, and Bad Religion. Bad Religion guitarist Greg Hetson produced their debut album after seeing one of their gigs in Texas while on tour. Their music is influenced by classic punk bands such as The Misfits and The Cramps, as well as Motörhead.

The Vibrators
The Vibrators were a British punk rock band whose greatest success was in 1977–1978 with the albums Pure Mania and V2. Their first Epic Records single "Baby Baby" is considered a punk classic. A year later, their single "Automatic Lover" hit No. 35 on the UK charts.
Shallam Dyke Marshes, Thurne
Shallam Dyke Marshes, Thurne is a 69.8-hectare (172-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

This is grazing marsh in the valley of the River Thurne, and it is important for waders such as lapwings, oystercatchers and snipe. There are a variety of water plants such as the rare water soldier.

Common snipe
The common snipe (Gallinago gallinago, formerly also known as Gallinago cælestis) is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World, where it breeds in marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows. It is usually shy and well-camouflaged, foraging in soft mud mainly for insects and earthworms but also some plant material. During courtship, males perform a "winnowing" display; flying high in circles and then taking shallow dives to produce a "drumming" sound by vibrating the tail feathers.