hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ma Wan Tung Wan Beach
Ma Wan Tung Wan Beach is a gazetted beach near Noah's Ark on Ma Wan island, Hong Kong. The beach is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is 140 metres long and is rated as Grade 4 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality. It is the only gazetted beach in Ma Wan and offers views of Ting Kau Bridge as well as Tsing Ma Bridge.

Ting Kau Bridge
Ting Kau Bridge is a 1,177-metre (3,862 ft) long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road. It is near the Tsing Ma Bridge which also serves as a major connector between the Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau Island and the rest of Hong Kong. It was completed on 5 May 1998. The bridge is toll-free.

The bridge is part of Route 3, connecting the northwest New Territories with Hong Kong Island. Other major structures on the road include the Tai Lam Tunnel, the Cheung Tsing Tunnel, the Cheung Tsing Bridge and the Western Harbour Crossing. The Ting Kau Bridge carries the heaviest traffic volume of the bridges on the Lantau Link, with many container trucks travelling between mainland China and the Hong Kong container port. A chromatic study and specially designed architectural lighting are intended to set the bridge off in its surroundings.
File system fragmentation
File system fragmentation, sometimes called file system aging, is a characteristic of a file system that stores  files in non-contiguous blocks. It is a special case of  data fragmentation. File system fragmentation negatively impacts seek time for disk storage (spinning storage medium), which lowers throughput. Fragmentation can be eliminated by re-organizing files as contiguous areas, a process called defragmentation.

A solid-state drive (SSD) does not mechanically seek, so non-sequential access is orders of magnitude faster than disk drives, making fragmentation significantly less of an issue. In fact, best practice is to not defragment an SSD, because doing so can prematurely wear drives via unnecessary write and erase operations.

Disk storage
Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a data storage mechanism based on a rotating disk. The recording employs various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to the disk's surface layer. A disk drive is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable types are hard disk drives (HDD), containing one or more non-removable rigid platters; the  floppy disk drive (FDD) and its removable floppy disk; and various optical disc drives (ODD) and associated optical disc media.

(The spelling disk and disc are used interchangeably except where trademarks preclude one usage, e.g., the Compact Disc logo. The choice of a particular form is frequently historical, as in IBM's usage of the disk form beginning in 1956 with the "IBM 350 disk storage unit".)
The Profligate
"The Profligate" is the third episode of the second season of the American post-apocalyptic drama television series Fallout. It is the eleventh overall episode of the series and was written by Chaz Hawkins, and directed by Liz Friedlander. It was released on Amazon Prime Video on December 31, 2025.

The series depicts the aftermath of an apocalyptic nuclear exchange in an alternate history of Earth where advances in nuclear technology after World War II led to the emergence of a retrofuturistic society and a subsequent resource war. The survivors took refuge in fallout shelters known as Vaults, built to preserve humanity in the event of nuclear annihilation. The episode expands on Caesar's Legion and the NCR in the Mojave while also showing Maximus making decisions on the future of the Brotherhood of Steel.

The episode received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances and ending.

Fallout shelter
A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designated to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion. Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War.

During a nuclear explosion, matter vaporized in the resulting fireball is exposed to neutrons from the explosion, absorbs them, and becomes radioactive. When this material condenses in the rain, it forms dust and light sandy materials that resemble ground pumice. The fallout emits alpha and beta particles, as well as gamma rays.

Much of this highly radioactive material falls to Earth, subjecting anything within the line of sight to radiation, becoming a significant hazard. A fallout shelter is designed to allow its occupants to minimize exposure to harmful fallout until radioactivity has decayed to a safer level, over a few weeks or months.
Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)
This article contains a timeline of events from January 2015 to December 2015 related to the Islamic State (IS). This article contains information about events committed by or on behalf of the Islamic State, as well as events performed by groups who oppose them.

Arsal
Arsal (also spelled Aarsal, Ersal or 'Irsal; Arabic: عرسال), is a town and municipality situated east of Labweh, 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Beirut, in Baalbek District of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. The population is predominantly Sunni Muslim.

It is a traditional town situated on the slopes of the Anti-Lebanon mountains. It is known for its local hand-made carpet industry. The area is known to be one of the few places in the Anti-Lebanon with a good water supply. The Lebanese Ministry of Tourism brochure suggests that the name Arsal or Ersal means "God's Throne" in Aramaic. It documents several rock-cut benches (mastabas) in the village, numerous historical monuments in the nearby hills and an ancient fortified structure in the nearby Wadi Al-Toun of unknown date.
Baptist City Tabernacle
Baptist City Tabernacle is a heritage-listed Baptist church at 163 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from c. 1889 to 1890. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The church is affiliated with the Australian Baptist Ministries.

Australian Baptist Ministries
Australian Baptist Ministries (formerly Australian Baptist Union, then Baptist Union of Australia) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Australia. The Baptist Union of Australia was inaugurated on 24 August 1926 at the Burton Street Church in Sydney. The headquarters is in Belmont. It is affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance.
1986 Campionati Internazionali della Valle D'Aosta
The 1986 Campionati Internazionali della Valle D'Aosta (International Championships of Valle d'Aosta), was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and took place in Saint-Vincent, Aosta Valley, Italy, from 11 August until 17 August 1986. Eighth-seeded Simone Colombo won the singles title.

Saint-Vincent, Aosta Valley
Saint-Vincent (French: [sɛ̃ vɛ̃sɑ̃] ⓘ; Valdôtain: Sèn-Veuncein; Issime Walser: Finze) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. Saint-Vincent, elevation 575 metres (1,886 ft), is a popular summer holiday resort with mineral springs, and home to one of four casinos in Italy.
79 Group
The 79 Group was a faction within the Scottish National Party (SNP), named after its year of formation, 1979. The group sought to persuade the SNP to take an active left-wing stance, arguing that it would win more support, and were highly critical of the established SNP leaders. Although it had a small membership, the group caused sufficient disquiet that it was expelled from the SNP in 1982, although its members were subsequently readmitted and many attained senior positions in the Scottish Government after 2007. Alex Salmond, a leading member of the group, later became First Minister from 2007 to 2014.

Stewart Stevenson
James Alexander Stewart Stevenson (Gaelic: Seamus Alasdair Stiùbhart MacSteafain; born 15 October 1946) is a Scottish former politician who served as Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change from 2007 to 2010 and Minister for Environment and Climate Change from 2011 to 2012. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he was Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Banffshire and Buchan Coast, formerly Banff and Buchan, from 2001 to 2021.
Adidas Originals
Adidas Originals (often stylized as adidas Originals) is a brand of a line of casual and sportswear created by German multinational corporation Adidas. It consists of a heritage line, specializing in athletic shoes, t-shirts, jackets, bags, sunglasses and other accessories.

The clothing and the accessories are under such categories as Superstar and Adicolor, designed by Adidas itself. There was also a collection named "Originals Denim" by Diesel, a concept trialled in New York City and Berlin.

Sneakers
Sneakers (US) or trainers (UK), also known by a wide variety of other names, are shoes primarily designed for sports or other forms of physical exercise, but are also widely used for everyday casual wear.

They were popularized by companies such as Converse, Nike and Spalding in the mid 20th century. Like other parts of the global clothing industry, shoe manufacturing is heavily concentrated in Asia with nine in ten shoes produced there.
Øyvind Hegg-Lunde
Øyvind Hegg-Lunde (born 12 February 1982 in Lærdal, Norway) is a Norwegian drummer and composer, raised in Borgund, Lærdal, but today resides in Bergen. He is known from collaborations with José Gonzalez, Junip, Arve Henriksen, Ståle Storløkken, Frode Haltli, Trygve Seim, Per Jørgensen, Terje Isungset, Håkon Kornstad, Kurt Johannessen, Stein Urheim, The Megaphonic Thrift, Odin Staveland, Odd Martin Skålnes, Erlend O. Nødtvedt, Nils Petter Molvær, Eivind Aarset and Marilyn Mazur.

Borgund, Lærdal
Borgund is a small village in Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies along the European route E16 highway, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of the village of Lærdalsøyri. It is the site of the Borgund Church and the historic Borgund Stave Church.
Stan of Arabia: Part 2
"Stan of Arabia: Part 2" is the sixth episode of the second season and the thirteenth overall episode of the animated comedy series American Dad!. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 13, 2005, and is written by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas and directed by Anthony Lioi.

As the Smiths continue their lives in Saudi Arabia, Stan embraces the hyper-patriarchal society while the rest of the family struggles with the different social norms.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Brown Passage
Brown Passage is a deep ocean channel connecting the western offshore waters of Hecate Strait and Dixon Entrance on the Pacific continental shelf with the eastern inland waters  of  Chatham  Sound  in  the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada.

Located between Dundas and Stephens Islands, the passage is part of the main commercial approach to Prince Rupert. The western entrance is guarded by the Triple Island Lighthouse.
On average, Brown Passage sees 18 cargo vessel and tanker transits per week;
during the summer cruise ship season, an additional 28 transits per week are expected.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
Montrose (surname)
Montrose is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Belle Montrose (1886–1964), American actress and vaudeville performer

Donald Montrose (1923–2008), American prelate

Jack Montrose (1928–2006), American jazz tenor saxophonist

Lewis Montrose (born 1988), English footballer

Louis Montrose (born 1950), American literary theorist and academic scholar

Ronnie Montrose (1947–2012), American guitarist

Vikram Montrose (born 1987), Indian composer

Donald Montrose
Donald William Montrose (May 13, 1923 – May 7, 2008) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as bishop of the Diocese of Stockton in California from 1986 to 1999.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles from 1983 to 1986.
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio (182 or 181 – 132 BC) was a Roman politician. He is most well known for mobilising the mob which killed Tiberius Gracchus, who was at the time attempting to stand for re-election as plebeian tribune in 133 BC. He was consul in 138 BC and served as pontifex maximus, from possibly 141 through to his death in 132 BC.

Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton
Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, FBA (/ˈbrɔːtən/; 17 February 1900 – 17 September 1993) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century. He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work, Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1951–1986).
Travilah Oak
The Travilah Oak is a large White Oak located in the Potomac Oak Shopping Center. The shopping center is located at the corner of Travilah Road and Glen Road in Travilah, Maryland.

The Travilah Oak is believed to be over 330 years old. According to January 2021 measurements by the Maryland Big Tree Program, the Travilah Oak has a circumference of 19' 1", a height of 78', and a crown that stretches 110' in all directions.

Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America. It is a long-lived oak, native to eastern and central North America and found from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and southern Maine south as far as northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been documented to be over 450 years old.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark; the usual colour is a light gray. The name comes from the colour of the undersides of the leaves. In the forest it can reach a magnificent height and in the open it develops into a massive broad-topped tree with large branches striking out at wide angles.
2003–04 ARFU Asian Rugby Series
The 2003–04 ARFU Asian Rugby Series was the first edition of a tournament created by Asian Rugby Football Union for national teams. The formula was in two step. The 12 teams were divided in three pool of three, then, according to the results of the first round, in four pool in order to define the ranking.

Asia Rugby
Asia Rugby, formerly the Asian Rugby Football Union, is the governing body of rugby union in Asia under the authority of World Rugby. Founded in 1968 by eight charter nations, the Union today has 36 member unions in countries across Asia, stretching from Kazakhstan to Guam.

The aim of Asia Rugby is "to raise physical and moral standards in Asia by education in the healthy pursuit of Rugby Football and to promote friendship among Asian countries".
Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino
Prince Alessandro della Torre e Tasso, 1st Duke of Castel Duino, full German name: Alexander Karl Egon Theobald Lamoral Johann Baptist Maria, Prinz von Thurn und Taxis (8 July 1881 in Schloss Mzell, Mzell, Kingdom of Bohemia, Austria-Hungary – 11 March 1937 in Castel Duino, Duino, Kingdom of Italy) was a member of the Bohemian branch of the princely House of Thurn and Taxis. Alessandro was created Prince della Torre e Tasso and first Duke of Castel Duino by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy after relocating to the Kingdom of Italy in 1923.

Duino
Duino (Slovene: Devin, German: Tybein) is today a seaside resort on the northern Adriatic coast. It is a hamlet of Duino-Aurisina, a municipality (comune) of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. The settlement, picturesquely situated on the steep Karst cliffs of the Gulf of Trieste, is known for Duino Castle, immortalized by the poet Rainer Maria Rilke in his Duino Elegies.
Dividing train
A dividing train is a passenger train that separates into two trains partway along its route, so as to serve two destinations. Inversely, two trains from different origins may be coupled together mid-route to reach a common endpoint. Trains on complex routes may divide or couple multiple times. The general term for coupling two or more trains along their shared route sections is portion working.

For example, the westbound Empire Builder travels from Chicago Union Station to Spokane, Washington, where its cars are divided into two trains: one continues to Portland Union Station and one to King Street Station, Seattle. On the eastbound trip, trains from Portland and Seattle are coupled at Spokane before traveling as one train to Chicago.

Dividing trains are useful where line capacity is limited, allowing multiple trains to use the same path over a congested part of a network. The common sections will often be the busiest parts of the routes.

Lille-Flandres station
Lille-Flandres station (French: Gare de Lille-Flandres, Dutch: Station Lille-Flandres) is the main railway station of Lille, capital of French Flanders. It is a terminus for SNCF Intercity and regional trains. It opened in 1842 as the Gare de Lille, but was renamed in 1993 when Lille Europe station opened. There is a 500 metres (1,600 ft) walking distance between the two stations, which are also adjacent stops on one of the lines of the Lille Metro.
Staggered extension process
The staggered extension process (also referred to as StEP) is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one or more initial genes.

The technique itself is a modified polymerase chain reaction with very short (approximately 10 seconds) cycles.
In these cycles the elongation of DNA is very quick (only a few hundred base pairs) and synthesized fragments anneal with complementary fragments of other strands. In this way, mutations of the initial genes are shuffled and in the end genes with new combinations of mutations are amplified.

The StEP protocol has been found to be useful as a method of directed evolution for the discovery of enzymes useful to industry.

Directed evolution
Directed evolution (DE) is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural selection to steer proteins or nucleic acids toward a user-defined goal. It consists of subjecting a gene to iterative rounds of mutagenesis (creating a library of variants), selection  (expressing those variants and isolating members with the desired function) and amplification (generating a template for the next round). It can be performed in vivo (in living organisms), or in vitro (in cells or free in solution). Directed evolution is used both for protein engineering as an alternative to rationally designing modified proteins, as well as for experimental evolution studies of fundamental evolutionary principles in a controlled, laboratory environment.
Motyginsky District
Motyginsky District (Russian: Моты́гинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai and borders with Severo-Yeniseysky District in the north, Evenkiysky District in the northeast, Boguchansky District in the east, Taseyevsky District in the south, Kazachinsky District in the southwest, and with Yeniseysky District in the west. The area of the district is 18,983 square kilometers (7,329 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Motygino. Population: 16,200 (2010 Census); 19,140 (2002 Census); 26,595 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Motygino accounts for 36.4% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Battle of Mollet
The Battle of Mollet or the Action of Mollet took place at Mollet del Vallès, near Barcelona, in Catalonia, on 21 January 1810, between a force of 2,160 French soldiers commanded by General Guillaume Philibert Duhesme and a Spanish force of 3,000 men under Luis González Torres de Navarra, Marquess of Campoverde. The Spanish Division of Llobregat led by Campoverde intercepted and destroyed the French vanguard (500 men) at Santa Perpètua de Mogoda. Then, the Spanish marched to Mollet to face the rest of Duhesme forces (1,500 regulars, 160 cuirassiers and 2 cannons). The French were surrounded by the Spanish force and finally, after a vigorous defense, the French surrendered. The Spanish captured 500 French soldiers, 140 cuirassiers, 2 cannons, and the baggage. Duhesme and the rest of his force fled to Granollers, and were saved from other Spanish attack thanks to the arrival of Marshal Pierre Augereau with 9,000 men.

Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
Guillaume Philibert, 1st Count Duhesme (French pronunciation: [ɡijom filibɛʁ dyɛm]; 7 July 1766 – 20 June 1815) was a French Army officer, politician and writer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was a commander of the Imperial Guard, Governor of Catalonia and a Peer of France. Napoleon wrote that "he was a fearless soldier, covered with wounds and of the greatest bravery, an accomplished general, who always stood firm in good and bad fortune". Duhesme is regarded as one of the most able French infantry generals of the Napoleonic Wars.