hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ornithoptera tithonus
Ornithoptera tithonus, the Tithonus birdwing, is a species of birdwing butterfly found on New Guinea and other neighbouring islands.

Ornithoptera tithonus is, like all other birdwing butterflies, a strictly protected species. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES, restricting international export to those who have been granted a permit.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
John M. Pratt
John M. Pratt (born John Morgan Bennett Pratt; March 23, 1886 – June 14, 1954) was an American newspaper editor, publisher, and civic activist. Over the course of his career, he served as editor of the Louisville Herald-Post, advertising manager for Hearst newspapers, and chairman of the Heritage Foundation, a Chicago publishing company. He was one of the founders of the North American Newspaper Alliance and later became known for his leadership in the Association of Real Estate Taxpayers, a major tax resistance movement in Chicago during the early 1930s.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.
Retention rate
Retention rate is a statistical measurement of the proportion of people that remain involved with a group from one time period to another.

The concept is used in many contexts, including marketing, investment, education, employee management, research, and clinical trials. The exact definition depends on the context. As a general rule, high retention corresponds to a positive outcome.

In marketing, retention rate count customers and their activity irrespective transactions they make.

In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 63 percent responded that they found the "retention rate" metric very useful.

Financial transaction
A financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, between a buyer and seller to exchange goods, services, or assets for payment. Any transaction involves a change in the status of the finances of two or more businesses or individuals. A financial transaction always involves one or more financial asset, most commonly money or another valuable item such as gold or silver.

There are many types of financial transactions. The most common type, purchases, occur when a good, service, or other commodity is sold to a consumer in exchange for money. Most purchases are made with cash payments, including physical currency, debit cards, or cheques. The other main form of payment is credit, which gives immediate access to funds in exchange for repayment at a later date.
Bernhard Kempa
Bernhard Kempa (19 November 1920 – 20 July 2017) was a German handball player and coach. He was born in Oppeln, Upper Silesia (Opole, Poland). As a national team player, he became world champion in field handball in 1952 and 1955.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of 254,100 square kilometres (98,100 sq mi), comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura, and extending into adjacent states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and a tiny part of Assam, as well as adjacent western Myanmar.

Albizia procera
Albizia procera, commonly known as white siris or karoi tree, is a species of large tree found natively in southeast Asia and India. It is most commonly found in open forests, but may also be found on the margins of rain forests and in monsoon and gallery forests. It is considered an invasive species in South Africa.

The genus name Albizia honors the Florentine naturalist Filippo del Albizzi, while the species name is derived from the Latin word 'procerus', meaning 'very tall or high'.
Memorial Day (1983 film)
Memorial Day is a 1983 American made-for-television war drama film directed by Joseph Sargent and starring Mike Farrell, Robert Walden, Danny Glover and Shelley Fabares. It originally premiered November 27, 1983 on CBS.

Joseph Sargent
Joseph Sargent (born Giuseppe Danielle Sorgente; July 22, 1925 – December 22, 2014) was an American director, producer, and actor of film and television. His directing career spanned nearly 50 years, between 1959 and 2008, and over 90 productions. He was a four-time Primetime Emmy Award and Directors Guild of America Award recipient.

Sargent's directing credits included the science-fiction film Colossus: The Forbin Project (1970), the Burt Reynolds action film White Lightning (1973), the thriller The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974), the biopic MacArthur (1977) starring Gregory Peck, and the horror anthology Nightmares (1983). On television, he was known as a prolific director of telefilms and miniseries, winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series or Movie three times.

He was the father of voice actress Lia Sargent.
Five Day Lover
Five Day Lover (French: L'Amant de cinq jours) is a 1961 French sex comedy film directed and co-written by Philippe de Broca, starring Jean Seberg and Micheline Presle. It is based on the 1959 novel L'amant de cinq jours by Françoise Parturier. The film was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival and nominated for the Golden Bear.

Françoise Parturier
Françoise Parturier (1919 – 12 August 1995) was a French writer and journalist. She was the first "symbolic" female candidate for the Académie Française in 1970.

The daughter of a medical doctor, she was born in Paris and studied at the University of Paris. In 1947, she married Jean Gatichon. She began a career in journalism after World War II. From 1950 to 1951, Parturier taught contemporary literature in the United States. She was a regular contributor to Le Figaro from 1956 to 1975. Parturier wrote three books in partnership with Josette Raoul-Duval under the nom de plume "Nicole". In 1959, she began writing under her own name.

Parturier died at Neuilly at the age of 75.
Aerfer Sagittario 2
The Aerfer Sagittario 2 (Italian for sagittarius) was a prototype all-metal single-seat lightweight fighter aircraft built in Italy by Aerfer, intended to serve as an interceptor or light tactical support aircraft. First flown in 1956, it became the first Italian aircraft to break the sound barrier in controlled flight when it reached Mach 1.1 during a dive from 13,725 m (45,000 ft).

Italian Air Force
The Italian Air Force (Italian: Aeronautica Militare; AM, lit. 'military aeronautics') is the air force of the Italian Republic. The Italian Air Force was founded as an independent service arm on 28 March 1923 by King Victor Emmanuel III as the Regia Aeronautica ("Royal Air Force"). After World War II, when Italy became a republic following a referendum, the Regia Aeronautica was given its current name. Since its formation, the service has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. The acrobatic display team is the Frecce Tricolori.
Goroku River
The Goroku River (五六川, Goroku-gawa) is a river in Japan which flows through Gifu Prefecture. It empties into the Sai River, which is part of the Nagara River system. The river, whose name means "Frozen Dark One", was named after Mieji-juku, the 56th post town on the Nakasendō, a historical trading route.

Motosu, Gifu
Motosu (本巣市, Motosu-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 November 2018, the city had an estimated population of 34,453 in 12, 464 households, and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 374.65 square kilometres (144.65 sq mi).
Postcode Address File
The Postcode Address File (PAF) is a database that contains all known delivery points and postcodes in the United Kingdom. The PAF is a collection of over 29 million Royal Mail postal addresses and 1.8 million postcodes. It is available in a variety of formats including FTP download and compact disc, and was previously available as digital audio tape. As owner of the PAF, Royal Mail is required by section 116 of the Postal Services Act 2000 to maintain the data and make it available on reasonable terms. A charge is made for lookup services or wholesale supply of PAF data. Charges are regulated by Ofcom. It includes small user residential, small user organisation and large user organisation details. There have been requests as part of the Open Data campaign for the PAF to be released by the government free of charge.

Open data in the United Kingdom
Crown Copyright has been a long-standing copyright protection applied to official works, and at times artistic works, produced under royal or official supervision. In 2006, The Guardian newspaper's Technology section began a "Free Our Data" campaign, calling for data gathered by authorities at public expense to be made freely available for reuse by individuals. In 2010 with the creation of the Open Government Licence and the Data.gov.uk site it appeared that the campaign had been mostly successful, and since 2013 the UK has been consistently named one of the leaders in the open data space.

Despite the UK's leadership position in the open data space, many issues (such as uneven data quality and data literacy) still need to be addressed, but as of 2019 progress has been slow. Some of these issues are addressed in the UK Government's 2017–2020 Government Transformation Strategy.
Victor Gomes
Victor Miguel de Freitas Gomes (born 15 December 1982) is a retired South African football referee. He is the current chairman of the SAFA Referees Committee.

A PSL referee since 2008, Gomes was voted PSL Referee of the Season in 2012–13 and 2017–18 and has been an international referee since 2011.

In 2018, he was hailed by the South African Football Association after he rejected and reported an attempted bribe of over R300 000. Gomes had been approached and offered the sum of money to fix a CAF Confederation Cup match between Nigerian side Plateau United and Algerian side USM Alger. He was again nominated for the PSL Referee of the Season award upon the conclusion of the domestic campaign.

He officiated the 2019 and 2021 edition of Africa Cup of Nations. He refereed the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations Final between Senegal and Egypt.

Gomes announced his retirement after the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

In February 2023 he was announced as the chair of the SAFA Referees Committee.

Plateau United F.C.
Plateau United Football Club of Jos (usually known as Plateau United) is a Nigerian professional football (soccer) club based in Jos, that competes in the Nigerian Professional Football League. Before 1991, they were known as the JIB Strikers FC. The name "Plateau United" was the former name of their cross-town rivals Mighty Jets.
Mormon cricket
The Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex) is a large insect native to western North America in rangelands dominated by sagebrush and forbs. Anabrus is a genus in the shield-backed katydid subfamily in the Tettigoniidae family, commonly called katydids, bush crickets, and previously "long-horned grasshoppers." Its common name, "Mormon cricket," is a misnomer: true crickets are of the family Gryllidae.

The Mormon cricket takes its common name from the prominent role it played in the story of the miracle of the gulls after the Mormon settlers in Utah had encountered them while pushing westward.

Although flightless, the Mormon cricket may travel up to two kilometres a day in its swarming phase during which it may be a serious agricultural pest and sometimes a traffic hazard.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Per Öberg
Per Öberg (born 3 June 1962) is a former Swedish handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.

In 1984 he finished fifth with the Swedish team in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches and scored one goal.

Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics featured competition for men and women. Due to the USSR-led boycott some strong handball nations from Eastern Bloc did not compete; this gave an opportunity to the Yugoslav team to take both gold medals.  Games were played at Titan Gym in Fullerton, California, and the finals were at the Forum, later the Kia Forum, in Inglewood, California.
Philonis
In Greek mythology Philonis (Ancient Greek: Φιλωνίς) was an Attican daughter of Daedalion or of Eosphoros and Cleoboea, from Thoricus. In some accounts, King Deion of Phocus was also called the father of Philonis making her one of the Aeolids, her mother was probably Diomede, daughter of Xuthus. She was the mother of Philammon and Autolycus by Apollo and Hermes, respectively. In some accounts, the mother of Philammon was called Chione, Leuconoe, or Telauge.

Xuthus
In Greek mythology, Xuthus  (/ˈz(j)uːθəs/; Ancient Greek: Ξοῦθος, romanized: Xoûthos) was a Phthian prince who later became a king of Peloponnesus. He was the founder (through his sons) of the Achaean and Ionian nations.
2025 NSW Open – Women's doubles
Lizette Cabrera and Taylah Preston were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Hiromi Abe and Ikumi Yamazaki won the title, defeating Petra Hule and Elena Micic in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Hiromi Abe
Hiromi Abe (阿部 寛美, Abe Hiromi; born 2 May 2000) is a Japanese tennis player.

Abe has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of 311, achieved on 8 September 2025, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 226, achieved on 24 November 2025.

Born in Kasugai City, she started playing tennis at the age of 6. She turned professional in 2022.
Marked Men
Marked Men can refer to:

Marked Men (1919 film), an American Western film directed by John Ford

Marked Men (1940 film), an American crime film

Marked Men: Rule + Shaw (2025 film), an American romantic drama film

The Marked Men, an American band
The Marked Men (album), an album by the above band

Marked Men: Rule + Shaw
Marked Men: Rule + Shaw (also known simply as Marked Men) is a 2025 American romantic drama film directed by Nick Cassavetes and written by Sharon Soboil. It is an adaptation of Jay Crownover's 2012 novel Rule, part of the Marked Men series. The film stars Chase Stokes as Rule Archer, a rebellious tattoo artist, and Sydney Taylor as Shaw Landon, a pre-med student from an affluent family. The supporting cast includes Alexander Ludwig, Ella Balinska, and Natalie Alyn Lind.

Despite being close for years through their families, hot-tempered tattoo artist Rule has always seen Shaw, a pre-med student from a wealthy background, as a friend, unaware of her long-time interest. They share a night of unexpected intimacy, which causes them to explore their true feelings.

Domestically, the film had a limited special engagement on January 22, 2025, though it did earn $1 million in total from limited releases across various foreign markets.
Ollie Kraehe
Oliver Robert Kraehe (August 22, 1898 – December 19, 1966) was a professional football player for the Rock Island Independents in 1922. In 1923, he founded the St. Louis All Stars and served, not only as a player-coach, but as the team's manager and owner.

Rock Island Independents
The Rock Island Independents were a professional American football team, based in Rock Island, Illinois, from 1907 to 1926. The Independents were a founding National Football League franchise. They hosted what has been retrospectively designated the first National Football League game on September 26, 1920, at Douglas Park. The Independents were founded in 1907 by Demetrius Clements as an independent football club. Hence, the team was named the "Independents."

In 1926, the Independents left the NFL to become a charter member of the first American Football League, the only NFL team to do so. The Independents then folded along with the entire league in 1927.

Pro Football Hall of Fame alumni Jimmy Conzelman (1920–1921), Joe Guyon (1924), Ed Healey (1920–1922), Duke Slater (1922–1926), and Jim Thorpe (1924–1925) played for the Independents.

A second, unrelated, "Rock Island Independents" played at the Northwest Football League in 1936.
Communication, Consulting, Culture Federation
The Communication, Consulting, Culture Federation (French: Fédération communication conseil culture, F3C) is a trade union representing workers in various white collar industries in France.

The union was founded in 2005, when the Federation of Post and Telecoms merged with the Federation of Communication and Culture.  The Business Services section of the Services Federation also joined.  Like its predecessors, the union affiliated to the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.  By 2017, the union claimed 43,666 members.

French Democratic Confederation of Labour
The French Democratic Confederation of Labour (French: Confédération française démocratique du travail, CFDT) is a national trade union center, one of the five major French confederations of trade unions, led since 2023 by Marylise Léon. It is the second largest French trade union confederation by number of members (625,000) and recently becoming first in voting results for representative bodies, having traditionally been second.
Paul Kersey
Paul Kersey is the name of:

Paul Kersey (character), the main character in the Death Wish film series

Paul Kersey (drummer), Canadian drummer in the rock bands Max Webster and The Hunt

Paul Kersey (actor) (born 1970), American actor in the film Hulk

Max Webster
Max Webster was a Canadian rock band formed in Toronto in 1972. The band was relatively successful in Canada, with several best-selling albums, and had some minor success in the UK, before dissolving in 1981. The band's founder, Kim Mitchell, subsequently enjoyed a long and successful solo career in Canada. In 2023, the band was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.
Harry Hartington
Harry Edmondson Hartington (18 September 1881 – 16 February 1950) was an English first-class cricketer, who played ten  matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1910 and 1911. He also appeared for the Yorkshire Second XI from 1903 to 1910, and the Yorkshire Cricket Council in 1903.

Born in Dewsbury, West Riding of Yorkshire, Hartington was a right-arm fast medium bowler, who took 23 wickets at 33.21, with a best of 5 for 81 against Hampshire. A right-handed tail order batsman, he scored 51 runs at 8.50, with a best score of 16 against Northamptonshire.

Hartington died in February 1950, in Pontefract, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.
Dolce dell'Anguillara
Dolce II dell'Anguillara (also spelled degli Anguillara) (1401 – March 1449) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Anguillara family of northern Lazio, brother of Everso II.

In 1424 he fought against Jacopo Caldora, general of Braccio da Montone, in the battle of L'Aquila. In the 1430s he fought for Alfonso V of Aragon and for the Republic of Venice. In June 1442 Dolce was hired by Francesco Sforza to fight against the Pope, and two years later he crushed a Papal-Neapolitan force under Francesco Piccinino at Montolmo.

In 1446, after spurring the town of Nepi to rebellion, he was excommunicated by Pope Nicholas V, but he was pardoned soon afterwards. The following year he was again under Sforza, taking part in the Wars in Lombardy. In March 1449, while preparing to besiege Monza, he was ambushed by Carlo Gonzaga and fatally wounded. He died at Pavia.

War of L'Aquila
The War of L'Aquila (Italian: Guerra dell'Aquila) was a conflict in 15th-century Italy. It started in 1423 as a personal conflict against the condottiero Braccio da Montone and the city of L'Aquila in Abruzzo, but later turned into a national conflict when the forces of the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence, the Papal States, and the Kingdom of Naples were also involved. Braccio da Montone was killed in the final battle near L'Aquila.
Cuenca Minera (Huelva)
Cuenca Minera is a comarca (county) (with no administrative role) in Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located in the western part of the province of Huelva, bounded eastwards by the province of Seville, from south by the comarca of El Condado and from north by the Sierra de Huelva.

Province of Seville
The Province of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla) is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Córdoba in the east. Seville is the province's as well as the Andalusian autonomous community's capital.