hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finale (music)
A finale is the last movement of a sonata, symphony, or concerto; the ending of a piece of non-vocal classical music which has several movements; or, a prolonged final sequence at the end of an act of an opera or work of musical theatre.

Michael Talbot wrote of the finales typical in sonatas: "The rondo is the form par excellence used for final movements, and ... its typical character and structural properties accord perfectly with those thought desirable in a sonata finale of the early nineteenth century." Carl Czerny (1791–1857) observed "that first movements and finales ought to—and in practice actually do—proclaim their contrasted characters already in their opening themes."

In theatrical music, Christoph Willibald Gluck was an early proponent of extended finales, with multiple characters, to support the "increasingly natural and realistic" stories in his operas that "improved continuity and theatrical validity" beyond the earlier works.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Eskigedik, Ovacık
Eskigedik (Kurdish: Birman) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kalan tribe and had a population of 25 in 2021.

The hamlets of Akyıldız, Çengelli, Mezraa, Ozan, Salkımlı, Subaşı and Yığınlı are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Chadwick's sign
Chadwick sign is a medical clinical sign characterised by the bluish-violet discolouration of the mucous membranes of the vulva, vagina (particularly on the anterior vaginal wall), and the cervix, resulting from venous congestion due to increased blood flow as part of the maternal physiological changes in pregnancy. This clinical sign can be observed during a patient's examination as early as 8 to 12 weeks' gestation, serving as an early sign of pregnancy, but it is rarely seen before 7 weeks' gestation.

The discovery of this colour change dates back to approximately 1836 when French doctor Étienne Joseph Jacquemin (1796–1872) first identified it. Subsequently, James Read Chadwick, after presenting a paper before the American Gynecological Society in 1886, and subsequently publishing it the following year, brought attention to this phenomenon. In his paper, Chadwick acknowledged Jacquemin for the initial discovery of the color changes associated with pregnancy.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Sarah Ho
Sarah May Yee Ho (born 28 October 1978) is an Australian soccer referee. She has been an assistant referee in both the W-League and the A-League competitions.

Ho officiated at the 2004 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship, 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship and the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and was one of the assistant referees for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup opening game.

She was appointed as an assistant referee for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.

The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt. Sixteen teams were selected for participation via a worldwide qualification tournament that began in 2009. In the first round of the tournament finals, the teams competed in round-robin groups of four teams for points, with the top two teams in each group proceeding. These eight teams advanced to the knockout stage, where two rounds of play decided which teams would participate in the final.
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya
The Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (English: National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, INEFC) is an indoor venue located in Barcelona. Renovated in 1991 on a design by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura, it hosted the wrestling events for the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
Bofill Taller de Arquitectura is an architecture firm that was founded in 1963 by Ricardo Bofill, initially as Taller de Arquitectura (lit. 'Architecture Workshop'), then until 2023 as Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura. It is headquartered in Sant Just Desvern near Barcelona, in a former cement factory known as La Fábrica.
James Augustus Rooth
Colonel James Augustus Rooth MRCS LRCP (13 January 1869 – 25 October 1963) was a British colonel and physician who was a member of the Royal Army Medical Corps, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and house surgeon at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
Urban Water Journal
The Urban Water Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering topics related to water systems in the urban environment. It was established in 2004 and is published by Taylor & Francis in association with the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research. The editors-in-chief are David Butler (University of Exeter), Alberto Campisano (University of Catania), Christos Makropoulos (National Technical University of Athens), and Čedo Maksimović (Imperial College London).

University of Catania
The University of Catania (Italian: Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest in the world. With over 40,000 enrolled students, it is the largest university in Sicily.
Joe Giglio
Joseph Giglio is a Maltese lawyer and politician who has served in the Parliament of Malta since 2022, representing District 9 and District 10 as a member of the Nationalist Party. Giglio is the Shadow Minister for Infrastructure and Capital projects and was previously the Nationalist Party spokesman on internal affairs. Giglio was briefly considered for leadership of the Nationalist Party against incumbent leader Bernard Grech in April 2022.

District 10, Malta
District 10 is an electoral district in Malta.  It was established in 1962. Its boundaries have changed many times but it currently consists of the localities of Gżira, Pembroke, St. Julian's, Sliema and part of Naxxar, and the hamlet of Baħar iċ-Cagħaq.  From 1962 until 1971 the 10 District used to be composed of the island of Gozo. From that year onwards the number of districts increased from 10 to 13 and Gozo became the 13th district.
William G. Steiner
William G. Steiner (April 26, 1937 – December 15, 2022) was an American politician, children's advocate and nationally recognized expert on child abuse and neglect. 
In politics, he was a chairman of the Orange County Board of Supervisors, city councilman for Orange, California, and an Orange Unified School District school board member. He was the founder of both the Orangewood Children's Home, located in Orange, California, and the Good Samaritan Boy's Home, in Corona, California.  In addition to his numerous positions as a public official and child advocate in the non-profit sector, he served 16 years on the board of directors for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, based in Alexandria, Virginia.

Orange Unified School District
Orange Unified School District (OUSD) is a public school district headquartered in Orange, California.

Orange USD serves the cities of Orange and Villa Park, the unincorporated land of Silverado, and parts of Anaheim, Garden Grove, Santa Ana, and Yorba Linda. Its student enrollment during the 2004–2005 school year was approximately around the number 31,600.
Padpadak Island
Padpadak Island (Bulgarian: остров Пъдпъдък, romanized: ostrov Padpadak, IPA: [ˈɔstrof pɤdpɤˈdɤk]) is the mostly ice-free island extending 442 m in southwest–northeast direction and 390 m in southeast–northwest direction in the Dannebrog Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 8.35 ha.

The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling a common quail bird ('padpadak' in Bulgarian), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.

Common quail
The common quail (Coturnix coturnix) or European quail is a small ground-nesting game bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is mainly migratory, breeding in the western Palearctic and wintering in Africa and southern India.

With its characteristic call of three repeated chirps (repeated three times in quick succession), this species of quail is more often heard than seen. It is widespread in Europe and North Africa, and is categorised by the IUCN as "least concern". It should not be confused with the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), native to Asia, which, although visually similar, has a call that is very distinct from that of the common quail. Like the Japanese quail, common quails are sometimes kept as poultry.
Citrus mangshanensis
Citrus mangshanensis, the mangshanyegan (Chinese: 莽山野柑), is a wild citrus fruit species.

The mangshanyegan is native to mountain forests in Mangshan, Hunan province, China, where it was first reported in the 1980s.  It is genetically distinct from the mandarin orange, with which it has morphological similarities, and the term 'Mangshan wild mandarins' as well as the species name C. mangshanensis have been used both for the mangshanyegan and for wild true mandarins of the same region.  Genomic sequencing shows the mangshanyegan to be one of a small number of pure (non-hybrid) citrus species, having diverged from other members of the genus at the initial branching of Citrus radiation in the Late Miocene.  It is genetically similar to another wild citrus of the region, the yuanju.

Yizhang County
Yizhang County (simplified Chinese: 宜章县; traditional Chinese: 宜章縣; pinyin: Yízhāng Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chenzhou.  Yizhang County covers 2,142.7 km2 (827.3 sq mi). As of 2015, it had a registered population of 644,300 and a resident population of 589,400.
Felix Bernstein & Gabe Rubin
Felix Bernstein (born 1992, New York, NY) and Gabe Rubin (born 1992, New York, NY) are an artist duo whose interdisciplinary work consists of noise, camp, and poet’s theater. The two artists began collaborating in 2010 as students at Bard College, where they both studied film. Bernstein and Rubin have presented film, music, and theater together at MOCA Los Angeles, Issue Project Room, Anthology Film Archives, and the Whitney Museum of American Art.

Their directorial projects have included the film Boyland, featured in the 2015 Brooklyn Film Festival; and Bieber Bathos Elegy, a “hybrid work of musical performance” staged at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 2016. The self-described “ambiguous twosome” has also performed together as a two-piece musical act called Tender Cousins. Bernstein and Rubin’s first joint exhibition, Folie à Deux, opened at David Lewis Gallery Phoenix in June 2018.

ISSUE Project Room
ISSUE Project Room (often shortened to ISSUE) is a music venue in Brooklyn, New York, founded in 2003 by Suzanne Fiol. ISSUE Project room owns a theatre in 110 Livingston Street in Downtown Brooklyn. The venue supports a wide variety of contemporary performance, specializing in presenting experimental and avant-garde music.
2011 Bonnaroo Music Festival
The 2011 Bonnaroo Music Festival was held June 9–12, in Manchester, Tennessee and marked the 10th time the festival has been held since its inception in 2002. This year also marked the first return of the SuperJam since 2008.

Miller Lite
Miller Lite is a 4.2% ABV reduced calorie light American lager beer produced by Molson Coors.  It was introduced in 1973 in limited markets by the Miller Brewing Company (then owned by Philip Morris, Inc.) and began being distributed nationally in 1975. Miller Lite was the most popular new product in the history of the American beer industry. Its success prompted most other brewers to introduce their own reduced calorie "light" beers. As a result, sales of light beer in the United States went from a negligible amount before Miller Lite was introduced in 1973 to forty-four percent of the United States beer market by 2002.
Muirgheas mac Pháidín Ó Maolconaire
Muirgheas mac Pháidín Ó Maolconaire, Gaelic-Irish scribe, died 1543. He was a native of Cluain Plocáin (now Ballymulconry), parish of Kiltrustan, County Roscommon. It lies close to an inlet of the river Shannon, north of Strokestown.

Ó Maolconaire wrote the Book of Fenagh in 1516/17, at Fenagh Abbey, County Leitrim. He prepared an abbreviated version in 1535, now BL Cotton Vespasian MS E II. He also wrote the vellum manuscript known as Leabhar gabhála, or Leabhar Bhaile Uí Mhaoilchonaire do sgríobh Muirghios mac Paídín Uí Mhaoilchonaire as Liobhar na hUidhre. An incomplete version survives as RIA MS D iv 3

He is sometimes confused with his great-grandson, Muiris mac Torna Ó Maolconaire (died 1645).

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Fiddler's Elbow Country Club
Fiddler's Elbow Country Club is a private country club located in Bedminster, New Jersey, United States. Fiddler's Elbow is the only private club in New Jersey with three 18-hole championship golf courses.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Swishing
Swishing is a system of swapping items of clothing, shoes or accessories with friends or acquaintances. Parties willingly give an item to participate in the transaction, and once they have given an item they are free to choose something of interest from what others have offered. Value does not come into the equation, as swappers do not necessarily get an item of equal value and are free to choose anything that the other person is offering (without having to pay).

Starting in 2000, swishing became more widely practiced in the following decade, and evolved to include other items such as books and furniture. Not only do people hold swishing parties either as a charity event or simply for the enjoyment of it (while recycling and saving money at the same time), but there are several websites where online swishes take place.

Fashion accessory
In fashion, an accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to an individual's outfit. Accessories are often chosen to complete an outfit and complement the wearer's look. They have the capacity to further express an individual's identity and personality. Accessories come in different shapes, sizes, hues, etc. The term came into use in the 16th century.
Cinolis
Cinolis or Kinolis (Ancient Greek: Κίνωλις), also known as Cimolis or Kimolis (Κίμωλις), was a Greek small port town on the coast of ancient Paphlagonia. According to Arrian it was situate 180 stadia west of Stephane, but according to Marcian of Heraclea only 150. The nearby town of Anticinolis was located 80 stadia from Cinolis.

Its site is located near Ginoğlu, Kastamonu Province, Turkey.

Kastamonu Province
Kastamonu Province (Turkish: Kastamonu ili) is a province of Turkey, in the Black Sea region in the north of the country. It is surrounded by Sinop to the east, Bartın, Karabük to the west, Çankırı to the south, Çorum to the southeast and the Black Sea to the north. Its area is 13,064 km2, and its population is 378,115 (2022). The population density is 29 inhabitants per km2. The provincial capital Kastamonu has a population of 128,707 (2022).
Valeria Straneo
Valeria Straneo (born 5 April 1976) is an Italian long-distance runner, winner of the silver medal at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics and Italian record holder in the marathon.

She won the Stramilano in 2011 and bettered the half marathon Italian record at the Roma-Ostia Half Marathon in 2012, although it was not ratified as the course doesn't meet Fidal criteria.

Rotterdam Marathon
The Rotterdam Marathon, currently branded NN Rotterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon that has been held in Rotterdam, Netherlands since 1981. It has been held in April every year since the third edition in 1984 and attracts many top athletes. It has also been ranked as one of the top 10 marathons in the world by Runner's World magazine. The event is the most popular marathon in the Netherlands, followed by the marathons of Amsterdam and Eindhoven.
Dadaab
Dadaab (Somali: Dhadhaab) is a semi-arid town in Garissa County, Kenya. It is the site of a UNHCR base hosting 426,822 registered refugees and asylum seekers as of 28 February 2025, in four camps (Dagahaley, Hagadera and Ifo, and Ifo 2), making it one of the largest in the world behind Kutupalong refugee camp. The centre is run by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and its operations are financed by foreign donors. In 2013, UNHCR, the governments of Kenya and Somalia signed a tripartite agreement facilitating the repatriation of Somali refugees at the complex.

Kutupalong refugee camp
Kutupalong refugee camp (Bengali: কুতুপালং শরণার্থী শিবির) is the world's largest refugee camp. It is located in Ukhia, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, and is inhabited mostly by Rohingya refugees who fled from ethnic and religious persecution in neighboring Myanmar. It is one of two government-run refugee camps in Cox's Bazar, the other being the Nayapara refugee camp.

A cross-sectional study that was conducted back in 2013 among 148 Rohingya refugees from the Kutupalong and Nayapara camps suggested the likelihood of a high prevalence of mental health disorders like depression and PTSD.

The UNHCR camp office at Kutupalong is supported by seven international entities: the governments of the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan, Finland, Sweden, and the Stichting INGKA Foundation.
Protecovasaurus
Protecovasaurus is a genus of archosaurian reptile from the Late Triassic Tecovas Formation of the southwestern United States. It was initially described as a basal ornithischian dinosaur, but was redescribed as a non-dinosaurian  archosaur by Irmis et al.  (2006). The type species, Protecovasaurus lucasi, was formally described by Andrew B. Heckert in 2004.

Its name, Protecovasaurus, means "before Tecovasaurus". Tecovas was the formation the holotype specimen was found in.

Tecovas Formation
The Tecovas Formation is a geological formation in the Texas panhandle and eastern New Mexico. It is one of several formations encompassed by the Late Triassic Dockum Group.

The lower unit of the Cooper Canyon Formation in Garza County to the south is stratigraphically equivalent to the Tecovas Formation. It is also contiguous with the Garita Creek Formation of New Mexico, as well as partially to the Santa Rosa Formation.
Hubenov
Hubenov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦubɛnof]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Hubenov lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Jihlava and 108 km (67 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.