hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Educational measurement
Educational measurement refers to the use of educational assessments and the analysis of data such as scores obtained from educational assessments to infer the abilities and proficiencies of students. The approaches overlap with those in psychometrics.
Educational measurement is the assigning of numerals to traits such as achievement, interest, attitudes, aptitudes, intelligence and performance.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Barmasia railway station
Barmasia railway station (station code BRMA) is at Barmasia village in Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand on the Jasidih – Rampurhat section. It is in the Howrah Division of the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has an average elevation of 158 metres (518 ft).

The railway line has single 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge track from Jasidih Junction in Deoghar district in Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand to Rampurhat in Birbhum district of West Bengal. This railway track to Dumka is a boon for Santhal Pargana Division.

The Barmasia railway station offers rail connectivity to the nearby villages of Gopalpur, Syampur, Bucham, Kuspahari, and Patabari.

5 ft 6 in gauge railway
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), also known as the Indian gauge is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART (San Francisco Bay Area).

In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge (or in the San Francisco Bay Area region of California, BART gauge). In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge"). In the Indian subcontinent it is simply known as "broad gauge". It is the widest gauge in use of heavy-duty mainline railways in the world.
Stuart Sankey (barrister)
Colonel Sir Herbert Stuart Sankey KBE CVO VD JP DL (4 May 1854 – 5 April 1940) was a British barrister and politician. The son of Lieutenant-Colonel H. T. Sankey, he was educated at Marlborough School and Christ Church, Oxford before being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1878.  He married Josephine Annesley in 1884, and they had two daughters.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Justin Mensah-Coker
Justin Mensah-Coker (born November 18, 1983, in North Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian rugby union player who plays internationally with the Canada national team. He is of Sierra Leonean descent.

Before spending a season with Moseley in 2009, Mensah-Coker had brief stints with Plymouth Albion and with French club SC Albi. He made his Canada national team debut at the 2006 Churchill Cup in a match against the United States. Canada won the match 33–18 with Mensah-Coker scoring two tries. He was a regular selection for the national men's seven-a-side team through the 2010–2011 season.

Mensah-Coker began his rugby career at Kitsilano Secondary School and Meraloma Rugby Club.

SC Albi
Sporting Club Albigeois is a professional French rugby union club playing the third-level Nationale. During the past years it went back and forth between Top 14, the highest level of the French league system and the second-level Rugby Pro D2. Their last time in the Top 14 was for 2009–10 after winning the 2008–09 promotion playoffs. The previous one began in 2006 and came to an end after the 2007–08 season due to financial issues. Founded in 1907, the club plays at the Stadium municipal d'Albi (capacity 12,000). They wear black and yellow. They are based in Albi in the Tarn department of Occitanie.
Ferxxocalipsis World Tour
The Ferxxocalipsis World Tour was a headlining concert tour  by Colombian singer Feid, launched in support of his sixth studio album Mor, No Le Temas a la Oscuridad (2023) and his third EP Ferxxocalipsis. The arena-stadium tour began on April 24, 2024, in Sacramento, United States, and ended on 8 December 2024, in Medellín, Colombia.

Mor, No Le Temas a la Oscuridad
Mor, No Le Temas a la Oscuridad (Spanish for Dear, Don't Be Afraid of the Darkness) is the sixth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Feid. It was released on September 29, 2023, through Universal Music Latino. It features collaborations with Sean Paul, Ñengo Flow, Icon, Rema, Ryan Castro, Young Cister, Pailita and Cupido.
1981 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1981 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the twelfth FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place in Chorzów, Poland. The championship was won by United States first time (23 points). American pair beat New Zealand (22 points) and Poland (21 points).

The win by American's Bruce Penhall and Bobby Schwartz was the first time an American team or riders had won a World Championship in speedway since Jack Milne had won the 1937 World Final at the Wembley Stadium in London, England. Later in 1981 Penhall would go on to win the Individual World Final at Wembley.

1937 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1937 Individual Speedway World Championship was the second edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

An attendance of 85,000 (a record for speedway in the United Kingdom at the time) saw Jack Milne win all five races to head an all USA top three on the podium. The track was criticised and was described as being too deep with cinders.
Stephen Drury (musician)
Stephen Drury (born April 13, 1955) is an American pianist, conductor and electronic musician. He is the music director of the contemporary music ensemble Callithumpian Consort and teaches at the New England Conservatory of Music. Much of Drury's career has been centered in the Boston area. The Boston Globe has referred to him as the "local new-music authority".

New England Conservatory of Music
The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) is a private music school in Boston, Massachusetts. The conservatory is located on Huntington Avenue along the Avenue of the Arts near Boston Symphony Hall, and is home to approximately 750 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate studies, and 1,500 more in its Preparatory School and School of Continuing Education. NEC offers bachelor's degrees in instrumental and vocal classical music performance, contemporary musical arts, composition, jazz studies, music history, and music theory, as well as graduate degrees in collaborative piano, conducting, and musicology. The conservatory has also partnered with Harvard University and Tufts University to create joint double-degree, five-year programs.
COMAL
COMAL (Common Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Børge R. Christensen and Benedict Løfstedt and originally released in 1975. It was based on the BASIC programming language, adding multi-line statements and well-defined subroutines among other additions.

COMAL was originally written for minicomputers, but was small enough to run on early microcomputers as well. It is one of the few structured programming languages that were available for and comfortably usable on 8-bit home computers.

"COMAL Kernel Syntax & Semantics" contains the formal definition of the language. Further extensions are common to many implementations.

Niklaus Wirth
Niklaus Emil Wirth (IPA: /vɛrt/) (15 February 1934 – 1 January 2024) was a Swiss computer scientist. He designed several programming languages, including Pascal, and pioneered several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984, he won the Turing Award, generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science, "for developing a sequence of innovative computer languages".
Halifax Public Gardens
The Halifax Public Gardens are Victorian-era public gardens formally established in 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation. The gardens are located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the Halifax Peninsula near the popular shopping district of Spring Garden Road and opposite Victoria Park. The gardens were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1984.

Sons of Temperance
The Sons of Temperance was and is a brotherhood of men who promoted the temperance movement and mutual support. The organization was started in New York City in 1842.

In the 1840s, it spread quickly across the United States and some of Canada before reaching the UK, Australia and New Zealand.
Do-hun
Do-hun, also spelled Do-hoon, is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Kim Do-hoon (born 1970), South Korean football manager

Im Do-hun (born 1972), South Korean volleyball player

Park Do-hun (born 1964), South Korean former handball player

Kim Dohoon (born 2005), South Korean singer, member of TWS

Fictional characters with this name include:

Ahn Do-hoon, in 2013 South Korean television series Secret Love

Baek Do-hoon, in 2013 South Korean television series King of Ambition

Park Do-hun
Park Do-Hun (born March 20, 1964) is a male South Korean former handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics and in the 1992 Summer Olympics.

In 1988 he won the silver medal with the South Korean team. He played all six matches and scored 21 goals.

Four years later he finished sixth with the South Korean team in the 1992 Olympic tournament. He played all six matches again and scored eleven goals.
Readerlink Distribution Services
Readerlink Distribution Services, is an American book publisher and distributor based in Oak Brook, Illinois. Readerlink is the largest distributor of books to mass merchandisers in United States, and the largest distributor of hardcover, trade and paperback books to non-trade channel booksellers in North America.

Servicing approximately 66,000 storefronts in the United States, Readerlink distributes about one out of every three consumer trade books sold in the country. As of 2016, the company had distribution centers in Clearfield, Utah; Denton, Texas; Romeoville, Illinois; Salem, Virginia; and Winder, Georgia. Dennis E. Abboud serves as Readerlink's President and CEO.

Salem, Virginia
Salem is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,346. It is the county seat of Roanoke County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Salem with Roanoke County, which surrounds both Salem and the neighboring City of Roanoke, for statistical purposes. Salem has its own courthouse and sheriff's office, but shares a jail with Roanoke County, which is located in the Roanoke County Courthouse complex in Salem. The Roanoke County Sheriff's Office and Roanoke County Department of Social Services are also located within Salem, though the county administrative offices are located in unincorporated Cave Spring.

Roanoke College is located in the city. Salem is also the home to a Minor League Baseball team, the Salem RidgeYaks.
Thiago Augusto
Thiago Augusto Fernandes (born 20 May 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bahraini Premier League club Al-Riffa. Born in Brazil, Augusto represents the Bahrain national football team internationally.

FELDA United F.C.
Felda United Football Club was a Malaysian football club based in Jengka, Pahang, owned by the Malaysian Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA). The club used to compete in Malaysian football league system until 2020.

The team last played in the 2020 Malaysia Super League season, which is Malaysia's top flight league. The club was able to play in the Malaysia Super League after being crowned Malaysian second-tier or second division Malaysia Premier League champions in 2018. In 2020, the club made the announcement that they will no longer participate in the Malaysian football league. A lack of financial support was cited by the club officials for making such decision to not participate in the national competition.
George W. Hoskins
George Washington "Doc" Hoskins (October 1864 – January 22, 1958) was an American football player and coach of football and basketball. He served as the head football coach at Pennsylvania State University (1892–1895), the University of Pittsburgh (1896), and Bucknell University (1899–1906, 1909), compiling a career college football record of 59–48–9. Hoskins was also the head basketball coach at Bucknell from 1908 to 1911, tallying a mark of 21–14.

Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg, it now consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Freeman College of Management, and the College of Engineering. It offers 65 majors and 70 minors in the sciences and humanities. Located just south of Lewisburg, the 445-acre (1.80 km2) campus rises above the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

Approximately 3,900 undergraduate students and 50 graduate students attend Bucknell. It is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics. Its athletic teams are the Bucknell Bison and its mascot is Bucky the Bison.
Eudaimonia
Eudaimonia (also spelled eudaemonia)(/juːdɪˈmoʊniə/; Ancient Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː]) is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of good spirit, and which is commonly translated as happiness or welfare.

In the works of Aristotle, eudaimonia was the term for the highest human good in older Greek tradition. It is the aim of practical philosophy-prudence, including ethics and political philosophy, to consider and experience what this state really is and how it can be achieved. It is thus a central concept in Aristotelian ethics and subsequent Hellenistic philosophy, along with the terms aretē (most often translated as virtue or excellence) and phronesis ('practical or ethical wisdom').

Discussion of the links between ēthikē aretē (virtue of character) and eudaimonia (happiness) is one of the central concerns of ancient ethics, and a subject of disagreement. As a result, there are many varieties of eudaimonism.

Republic (Plato)
The Republic (Ancient Greek: Πολιτεία, romanized: Politeia; Latin: De Republica) is a Socratic dialogue authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice (dikaiosúnē), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.

In the dialogue, Socrates discusses with various Athenians and foreigners the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man. He considers the natures of existing regimes and then proposes a series of hypothetical cities in comparison, culminating in Kallipolis (Καλλίπολις), a utopian city-state ruled by a class of philosopher-kings. They also discuss ageing, love, theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society. The dialogue's setting seems to be the time of the Peloponnesian War.
IJgeul
The IJgeul or IJ trench is a man-made excavation on the bottom of the North Sea, off the coast of IJmuiden, which provides access to large vessels with deep drafts to the port of IJmuiden, and also via the North Sea Canal, to the port of Amsterdam (just like the Eurogeul for the port of Rotterdam).

The name comes from IJ and geul, a Dutch word meaning "the portion of a channel that often has to be dredged."

Exterior corridors

Mooring zone

43 km of sea lane until IJmuiden

IJgeul

23 km of sea lane until IJmuiden

Turn around zone

0 Point

IJmuiden locks

North Sea Canal

The port of Amsterdam

The IJ

Amsterdam

IJmeer

Mooring
A mooring is any permanent structure to which a seaborne vessel (such as a boat, ship, or amphibious aircraft) may be secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, anchor buoys, and mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a mooring to forestall free movement of the ship on the water. An anchor mooring fixes a vessel's position relative to a point on the bottom of a waterway without connecting the vessel to shore. As a verb, mooring refers to the act of attaching a vessel to a mooring.

The term likely stems from the Dutch verb meren (to moor), used in English since the end of the 15th century.
Frenchville, Pennsylvania
Frenchville is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 879, 12.7 miles (20.4 km) east-northeast of Clearfield. Frenchville has a post office with the ZIP code 16836, which opened on February 18, 1839. Frenchville was named for the French ancestry of its first settlers. In this community, developed Frenchville French, a unique dialect of the French language that was spoken in the area until the 1960s. The first white burial in the county (1771) was a French seaman, Tohas Auxe, who died en route from Canada to New Orleans. The stone was discovered on a local farm in 1896. The annual Frenchville Picnic is held at the St. Mary's Catholic Church since the 1870s.

Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
Clearfield County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,562. The county seat is Clearfield, and the largest city is DuBois. The county was created in 1804 and later organized in 1822.

Clearfield County comprises the DuBois, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the State College–DuBois, PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.
William Brown (plant pathologist)
William Brown FRS (17 February 1888 – 18 January 1975) was a British mycologist and plant pathologist, known for his ground-breaking research on fungal physiology and the physiology of plant parasitism by fungi, carried out in 1912–28. Born in rural Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, he spent nearly all his career at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, where he created the plant pathology research school in the 1920s, becoming Britain's first professor of plant pathology in 1928, and heading the department of botany (1938–53). He was president of the Association of Applied Biologists and the British Mycological Society. He studied Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in a variety of plants, and various Fusarium species that attack apples.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Yap monarch
The Yap monarch (Monarcha godeffroyi), or Yap Island monarch, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae.
It is endemic to the Yap Main Islands, Micronesia.

Some authorities consider the Yap monarch to belong to the genus Metabolus.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. The natives of Yap Island call it "Gigiy" or "Achgigiy". It is the official state bird of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia.

Monarch flycatcher
The monarchs or monarch flycatchers (family Monarchidae) comprise a family of over 100 passerine birds which includes shrikebills, paradise flycatchers, and magpie-larks.

Monarchids are small insectivorous songbirds with long tails. They inhabit forest or woodland across sub-Saharan Africa, south-east Asia, Australasia, and a number of Pacific islands. Only a few species migrate. Many species decorate their cup-shaped nests with lichen.
Ieva Sargautytė
Ieva Sargautytė (born 1981 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian orienteering competitor. She received a bronze medal in relay at the 2002 European Orienteering Championships in Sümeg, together with Giedrė Voverienė and Vilma Rudzenskaitė. The same Lithuanian team finished 4th at the 2003 World Orienteering Championships in Rapperswil-Jona.

Sargautyte finished 7th in the sprint distance at the 2004 World Orienteering Championships in Västerås.

Västerås
Västerås (Swedish: [vɛstɛˈroːs] ⓘ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland, 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Stockholm. The city had a population of 127,799 at the end of 2019, out of the municipal total of 158,653, over 100,000 more than the next largest of the 17 localities included in the Västerås Municipality.
Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality, which is the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see.
Allen Eagles football
The Allen Eagles Football team represents Allen High School in Texas high school football at the 6A Division 1 level in the Texas University Interscholastic League. Thirteen players from Allen have made their way to play professionally in the NFL. The Eagles play their home games at Eagle Stadium in Allen, Texas. Lee Wiginton is the head coach and has served since 2022.

Allen High School (Texas)
Allen High School is a public, co-educational secondary school in Allen, Texas (United States). It is the only high school in the Allen Independent School District.

Allen High School serves most of the city of Allen. Until fall 2006, when Lovejoy High School opened, Allen High School served high school students in the Lovejoy Independent School District, which includes the city of Lucas, most of Fairview, a portion of Parker and a small portion of Plano.
Hajinski
Hajinski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Isa bey Hajinski, Azerbaijani oil magnate

Isgandar bey Hajinski, Azerbaijani historian

Jamo bey Hajinski, Azerbaijani publicist, theater critic, State Controller and Minister of Transportation, Postal Service and Telegraph of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

Mammad Hasan Hajinski, Azerbaijani statesman and architect

Mehdi bey Hajinski, Azerbaijani actor and State Controller within the third cabinet of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

Mammad Hasan Hajinski
Mammad Hasan Jafargulu oglu Hajinski (Azerbaijani: Məmməd Həsən Cəfərqulu oğlu Hacınski; March 3, 1875 – February 9, 1931) was an Azerbaijani architect and statesman. He also served as a Minister for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) and the last Prime Minister of ADR.