hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harvey V. Higley
Harvey Vanzandt Higley (October 26, 1892 – October 15, 1986) was born in Cheshire, Ohio, and studied chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, graduating in October 1915. After serving in World War I he went to work for the Ansul Chemical Company of Marinette, Wisconsin, which specialized in making fire retardant chemicals. Higley eventually became the company's president (1938–48) and chairman of the board.

Higley was also active in politics and veteran's affairs. He joined the American Legion and served as Wisconsin State Commander from 1941 to 1942. From 1947 to 1953 he was chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. In July 1953 President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Higley to be the Administrator of Veterans Affairs, where he helped to establish Veterans Day as a US Holiday. Higley held the position until November 1957 when he retired and returned to Wisconsin.

Higley died on October 15, 1986.

Marinette, Wisconsin
Marinette is a city in Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 11,119 at the 2020 census. It is located on the south bank of the Menominee River at its mouth on Green Bay, part of Lake Michigan; to the north is Stephenson Island, part of the city preserved as a park.

Menominee, Michigan, is across the Menominee River to the north, and the cities are connected by three bridges. Menominee and Marinette are sometimes described as the "twin cities" of the Menominee River. Marinette is the principal city of the Marinette micropolitan area, which includes parts of Wisconsin and Michigan. During the lumbering boom of the late 19th century, Marinette became the tenth-largest city in Wisconsin, reaching a peak population of 16,195 in 1900.
Chakulia railway station
Chakulia Railway Station is a railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Chakulia in East Singhbhum  district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is 29 km (18 mi) from Jhargram railway station and 67 km (42 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Álbaro Rudesindo
Álbaro Rudesindo is a Dominican Republic freestyle wrestler. He won the silver medal in the 65 kg event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru.

In 2020, he competed in the Pan American Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Ottawa, Canada without qualifying for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He also failed to qualify for the Olympics at the World Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

He won the bronze medal in his event at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia.

In 2024, he competed at the Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Acapulco, Mexico hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his second match.

2024 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament
The 2024 Olympic Wrestling Pan American Qualification Tournament was the first regional qualifying tournament for the 2024 Summer Olympics. The event was held from 28 February to 1 March 2024, at Expo Mundo Imperial in Acapulco, Mexico.
Pearl Pu
Pearl Pu is a Chinese-born Swiss computer scientist. After completing her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, she obtained the Research Initiation Award (known as the Career Award) from NSF before moving to Switzerland. She has been a faculty member and senior scientist at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, where she founded the Human-Computer Interaction Group in 2000.
In 1997,  she co-founded the company, Iconomic Systems SA, known for the development of  an agent-based paradigm for travel e-commerce and was chairperson until its sale to i:FAO in 2001. She spent 6 months each as visiting scholar at Stanford University in 2001 and at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2010.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public university in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991, it was the territory's third institution to be granted university status, and the first university without any precursory existence upon its formation. It occupies a 60-hectare (150-acre) seaside site in Tai Po Tsai, Clear Water Bay Peninsula.

The university is organised into five academic schools: School of Engineering, School of Business and Management, School of Science, School of Humanities and Social Science, and the Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies. In the 2023–24 academic year, it enrolled around 10,000 undergraduates and 6,800 postgraduates, and employed 903 academic staff.
Poladian
Poladian is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arshak Poladian (born 1950), Armenian diplomat

Hrachya Poladian (born 1971), Armenian diplomat

Sirvart Poladian (1902–1970), American ethnomusicologist

Hrachya Poladian
Hrachya Poladian (Armenian: Հրաչյա Արշակի Փոլադյան; born May 16, 1971) is the 3rd Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Iraq. Mr. Hrachya Poladian, a career member of the Armenian Foreign Service, was appointed Ambassador of Armenia to Iraq by the presidential decree on October 25, 2018. On November 29, 2019, Foreign Minister of Iraq Mohamad A. Alhakim received copy of the credentials of Ambassador Mr. Hrachya Poladian, the new Ambassador of Armenia to Baghdad and discussed the bilateral relations between the two countries and means of enhancing them to serve the interests of the two friendly peoples.
JAM IP
JAM IP is a contact centre services organisation, specialising in consulting, professional services, software development, systems integration and managed services.  It trades independently within the KCOM Group of companies.  Its main office is based in Maidenhead, Berkshire, with an office in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire.

JAM IP develops and consults on applications for IP contact centre management such as text to speech, voice authentication, self serve applications, and speech recognition.

Managed services
A Managed Service Provider (MSP) is a third-party company that remotely manages a customer's IT infrastructure and end-user systems, typically on a proactive basis and under a subscription model. This contrast with the traditional break/fix or on demand approach, where services are rendered and billed only after a technical failure occurs. Instead, the MSP maintains continuous oversight of the client’s systems, assuming long-term responsibility for the functionality and health of their IT environment.

The external organization is referred to as a managed service(s) provider (MSP).
Megasoma thersites
Megasoma thersites is a species of scarab beetle. It is endemic to Baja California, Mexico. Adults are attracted by light and feed on the cambium of palo verde (Parkinsonia florida subsp. peninsulare).

Cambium
A cambium (pl.: cambiums or cambia), in plants, is a tissue layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth. It is found in the area between xylem and phloem. A cambium can also be defined as a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting (in woody plants) in secondary thickening. It forms parallel rows of cells, which result in secondary tissues.

There are several distinct kinds of cambium found in plant stems and roots:

Cork cambium, a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the periderm.

Unifacial cambium, which ultimately produces cells to the interior of its cylinder.

Vascular cambium, a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.

Note:- Although Procambium is a secondary meristematic tissue, in most cases it behaves like a secondary  meristematic tissue or its characteristics can be observed, that is, in this case it can be said that it is a type of primary meristematic tissue.
Siege of Cherbourg (1450)
The siege of Cherbourg  took place in 1450 during the Hundred Years' War when French forces laid siege to Cherbourg in the English-controlled Duchy of Normandy following their decisive victory at the Battle of Formigny. With the fall of Cherbourg, English control of Normandy was removed.

Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁbuʁ ɑ̃ kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃], lit. 'Cherbourg in Cotentin'; Norman: Tchidbouo) is a major port city in the department of Manche, Normandy, northwestern France, established on 1 January 2016. The commune takes its name from Cherbourg, the main town of the commune, and from the Cotentin Peninsula. Cherbourg is an important commercial, ferry and military port on the English Channel.

Cherbourg-en-Cotentin is a maritime prefecture and a sub-prefecture of Manche. The merger makes it the most populous commune in the department, with 79,144 inhabitants as of 2018 (of which 35,545 in Cherbourg-Octeville) and the largest city of the department, ahead of the Saint-Lô prefecture, and the second-largest city  in the region, after Caen. Its urban unit is composed of three communes (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, Martinvast and Tollevast) and has 81,963 inhabitants (2018). Its larger functional area covers 77 communes and had 152,630 inhabitants as of 2018.
NO Apodis
NO Apodis is a solitary, red hued variable star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Apus. It has an average apparent magnitude of 5.86, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. The object is relatively far at a distance of 790 light years but is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity −18.3 km/s.

NO Apodis has a stellar classification of M3 III, indicating that it is a red giant. It is currently on the asymptotic giant branch, fusing hydrogen and helium shells around an inert carbon core. At present it has 1.63 times the mass of the Sun and an enlarged radius of 107 R☉. It shines with a bolometric luminosity 1,408 times that of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,521 K.

NO Apodis is classified as a semiregular variable of unknown subtype. Observations from Tabur et. al. (2009) reveal it to have two periods, both lasting 26-7 days. During this timeframe, the star flucates between 5.71 and 5.95 in the visual band.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
INS Chennai
INS Chennai (D65) is the third and last ship of the Kolkata-class stealth guided missile destroyers of the Indian Navy. She was constructed by the Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) at Mumbai. On 17 April 2017, INS Chennai was dedicated to the city of Chennai in the presence of then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, K. Palaniswamy.

INS Chennai has on her seal a Bull symbolising the Jallikattu festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu from where the ship associates its heritage.

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDSL) (IAST: Majhagānv Dawk Shipbuilders Limiṭeḍ) is a company with shipyards situated in Mazagaon, Mumbai. It manufactures warships and submarines for the Indian Navy and offshore platforms and associated support vessels for offshore oil drilling. It also builds tankers, cargo bulk carriers, passenger ships and ferries.

MDL is a public sector undertaking managed by the Ministry of Defence, with the Government of India holding an 80.82% stake. Its shipbuilding segment has indigenously built stealth frigates, destroyers, guided-missile destroyers, corvettes, landing platform docks, missile boats, patrol boats, trailing suction hopper dredgers, cargo ships, cargo-passenger ships, platform supply vessels, Voith tugs and BOP vessels, while its submarine segment has built conventional submarines and stealth submarines. Both segments have also performed repair and refit activities.
Yevgeniy Koshevoy
Yevgeniy Koshevoy (born 6 October 1984) is a Kazakh cross-country skier who has competed since 2001. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of sixth in the team sprint event at Turin in 2006. He was born in  Kokchetav Oblast.

Koshevoy's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was seventh in the team sprint at Oberstdorf in 2005. He did compete at the 2007 championships in Sapporo, but his records were stripped in wake of being banned from doping prior to the event, serving a two-year suspension from 2007 to 2009.

His best World Cup finish was sixth in the individual sprint at Germany in 2006.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Paulette Irons
Paulette Riley Irons (born 1952 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is New Orleans civil district court judge for Division M. In November 1994 she became the second female member of the Louisiana Senate. She served in the chamber until the end of the statutory limit of 12 years, ending in 2006. Irons represented Louisiana Senate District 4 in New Orleans. She previously represented Louisiana House of Representatives District 95 from 1992 to 1994. Irons ran for mayor of New Orleans in 2002, finishing in third place.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
Phonological history of Scots
This is a presentation of the phonological history of the Scots language.

Scots has its origins in Old English (OE) via early Northern Middle English; though loanwords from Old Norse and Romance sources are common, especially from ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and Middle French borrowings. Trade and immigration led to some borrowings from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch. Some vocabulary has also been borrowed from Scotland's other language, Scottish Gaelic.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Fantorangen
Fantorangen is a Norwegian television character known from Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), where they have their own program on the children's channel NRK Super. The puppet has been operated by Berit Nermoen, Miriam Jacobsen and today Inger Gundersen.

The physical puppet was created in 2007 by visual artist Tiina Suhonen in collaboration with NRK's costume department. With their slightly mischievous personality, they have become one of NRK's most popular characters for children. As a result of the success, music videos, books and licensed products have been made with Fantorangen, including acts with Berit Nermoen at various festivals and other cultural events.

Mischief
Mischief (or malicious mischief) is a class of criminal offenses that are defined differently in different legal jurisdictions. While the wrongful acts will often involve what is popularly described as vandalism, there can be a legal differentiation between vandalism and mischief. The etymology of the word comes from Old French meschief, which means "misfortune", from meschever, "to end badly".
Sydney Hinam
Sydney Hinam (29 August 1898 – 16 August 1982) was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for Wales, and at club level for Cardiff RFC and Glamorgan Police RFC, as a flanker, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Glamorgan, and at club level for Rochdale Hornets, as a prop.

Glamorgan Police RFC
Glamorgan Police RFC was a Welsh rugby union team that served the Glamorgan Police force before the amalgamation of the four district police forces of South Wales in 1969. The team was the most notable of the four early police rugby teams of Wales, supplying several notable players to the Wales national team.
Otakar Nožíř
Otakar Nožíř (12 March 1917 in Ledeč nad Sázavou – 2 September 2006 in Olomouc) was a Czech football midfielder who played for Czechoslovakia in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Slavia Praha.

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
José Luis Rodríguez (footballer, born 1963)
José Luis Rodríguez (born July 21, 1963, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a centre-forward. He played for a number of clubs in Argentina, Spain and Ecuador.

Rodríguez, nicknamed El Puma after the singer of the same name, started his professional career in 1984 with Deportivo Español, he went on to become one of the club's all-time best, scoring 63 goals and becoming the top scorer in the Argentine Primera in the 1987–1988 season.

He had a signed contract in Spain with Real Betis before returning to Argentina where he played for Deportivo Español again. then Rosario Central, Racing Club and Olimpo. In 1996, he also signed a contract with Deportivo Cuenca in Ecuador.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Nikolai Lukashevich
Nikolai Filippovich Lukashevich (Russian: Николай Филиппович Лукашевич; 15 January 1941 – 15 June 2021) was an officer of the Soviet military who held a number of posts in the Soviet Border Forces, and later the FSB Border Service, reaching the rank of colonel general.

Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee
The Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee (Kazakh: Ұлттық қауіпсіздік әскери институты, romanized: Ūlttyq qauıpsızdık äskeri instituty, Russian: Академия Пограничной службы КНБ) is the official military institution of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Pobre Pablo
Pobre Pablo, is a Colombian telenovela created by Juan Carlos Pérez for RCN Televisión. Starring by Roberto Cano and Carolina Acevedo. It was the most-watched telenovela of Colombia during the two years that lasted into the air.

RCN Televisión
RCN Televisión, branded as Canal RCN (Radio Cadena Nacional) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Organización Ardila Lülle. It was founded as a television production company on March 23, 1967, and officially launched as an independent channel on July 10, 1998. Its main shareholder is Carlos Ardila Lülle. It produced Yo soy Betty, la fea, one of the most successful Colombian telenovelas.
Lori Richards
Lori A. Richards (born 1960) is an American lawyer who served as the inaugural director of the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE) at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 1995 to 2009.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Nancy Blackett
Nancy Blackett is a fictional character in nine of the twelve juvenile novels in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of books.  She acts as captain of the dinghy, Amazon and usually directing her friends in their various adventures.  Nancy apparently has no real-world counterpart as an inspirational source for Ransome but appears to be completely the author's creation.  Nancy is sometimes critically viewed as a subversive character for girl readers.  The character appeared in a 1963 BBC television adaptation of Swallows and Amazons as well as in the 1974 and 2016 film adaptations of the book.

Dinghy
A dinghy  is a type of small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel for use as a tender. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor.  Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies, which are designed first and foremost for sailing.  A dinghy's main use is for transfers from larger boats, especially when the larger boat cannot dock at a suitably-sized port or marina.

The term "dinghy towing" sometimes is used to refer to the practice of towing a car or other smaller vehicle behind a motorhome, by analogy to towing a dinghy behind a yacht.