hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Oesa
Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267 metres (7,438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada, while a trail at the far end of the lake leads to Abbot Pass.

The lake gets its name from a Stoney language (Native American language) term for 'corner'.  It can be reached via a 3.2-kilometre (2.0 mi) climbing trail which starts at Lake O'Hara and ascends approximately 250 metres (820 ft). An alpine trail along the Yukness Ledges connects Lake Oesa to nearby Opabin Lake.

Abbot Pass
Abbot Pass lies between Mount Lefroy and Mount Victoria, in the divide between the valleys of Lake O'Hara and Lake Louise. It was named for Philip Stanley Abbot who died in 1896 in an attempt to climb Mount Lefroy with Charles Fay, Charles Thompson, and George T. Little.

Abbot Pass has a stone hut, built in 1922 by Swiss guides working for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and was maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada. In 2022, the hut was removed by Parks Canada due to erosion making the structure unsafe.
Racialized society
A racialized society is a society where socioeconomic inequality, residential segregation and low intermarriage rates are the norm, where human definitions of personal identity and choices of intimate relationships reveal racial distinctiveness.

A racialized society is a society that has undergone strong racialization, where perceived race matters profoundly for life experiences, opportunities, and interpersonal relationships.

A racialized society can also be said to be "a society that allocates differential economic, political, social, and even psychological rewards to group along perceived racial lines; lines that are socially constructed."

Residential segregation
Residential segregation is a concept in urban sociology which refers to the voluntary or forced  spatial separation of different socio-cultural, ethnic, or racial groups within residential areas. It is often associated with immigration, wealth inequality, or prejudice. The term is most often used in relation to residential segregation in the United States.
Spider-tailed horned viper
The spider-tailed horned viper (Pseudocerastes urarachnoides) is a species of viper, a venomous snake, in the family Viperidae and genus Pseudocerastes. The genus is commonly known as "false-horned vipers". The species is endemic to western Iran and over the border region with Iraq.

P. urarachnoides' appears very similar to other Pseudocerastes species in the region, especially around the  head, but the spider-tailed horned viper has a unique tail with a bulb-like end that is bordered by long drooping scales that give it the appearance of a spider, which is used in aggressive mimicry. A specimen was collected in 1968 and identified as Pseudocerastes persicus, with the unusual tip of the tail being attributed to a parasite, deformity, or tumors. Another specimen was found in 2003, and the species was described in 2006. The tail tip is waved around and used to lure insectivorous birds to within striking range.

Western Iran
Western Iran consists of Armenian Highlands, northern Zagros, and the rich agricultural area of the Khuzestan Plain in the south.

It includes the three majority Kurdish-inhabited provinces of Kurdistan (Kordestan), Kermanshah and Ilam, the majority Luri-inhabited province of Lorestan, and the multi-ethnic province of Hamadan. Some references also count West Azerbaijan Province and Khuzestan Province to this region.

The major cities are Sanandaj, Kermanshah, Ilam, Khorramabad and Hamadan.

If the provinces of Khuzestan and West Azerbaijan are also included in this classification, the cities of Ahvaz, Urmia, Piranshahr, Dezful, Bukan, Mahabad, Salmas, and Abadan can also be considered as important cities of the western region of Iran.
Felypressin
Felypressin is a non-catecholamine vasoconstrictor that is chemically related to vasopressin, the posterior pituitary hormone. It is added to some local anaesthetics such as prilocaine in a concentration of 0.03 IU/ml. Felypressin is a Vasopressin 1 agonist, and will thus have effects at all Arginine vasopressin receptor 1As. It will, however, have its main physiological effects on vascular SMC's due to the form in which it is administered.

V1 receptors are found in various sites around the body.  The major points include the CNS, Liver, Anterior Pituitary, Muscle (both vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle), and Platelets (CLAMP).

Another example of a V1 agonist is terlipressin - which is used in oesophageal varices.

Vasopressin receptor 1A
Vasopressin receptor 1A (V1AR), or arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (officially called AVPR1A) is one of the three major receptor types for vasopressin (AVPR1B and AVPR2 being the others), and is present throughout the brain, as well as in the periphery in the liver, kidney, and vasculature.

AVPR1A is also known as:

V1a vasopressin receptor

antidiuretic hormone receptor 1A

SCCL vasopressin subtype 1a receptor

V1-vascular vasopressin receptor AVPR1A

vascular/hepatic-type arginine vasopressin receptor
Lucien Bouvat
Lucien Bouvat (1872–1942) was a French orientalist and Islamic scholar. He researched various Islamic dynasties and communities, including the Timurid dynasty, the Barmakid family, and the Ahmadiyya religious community of Qadian.

He was a librarian of the Société Asiatique and in 1906, he worked on the magazine Revue du monde musulman in the (future) French protectorate in Morocco,  published by the Mission Scientifique du Mar, which was founded in 1904 by Alfred Le Chatelier (1855–1929), Professor at the Collège de France.

Barmakids
The Barmakids (Persian: برمکیان Barmakiyân; Arabic: البرامكة al-Barāmikah), also spelled Barmecides, were an influential Iranian family from Balkh, where they were originally hereditary Buddhist leaders (in the Nawbahar monastery), and subsequently came to great political power under the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad. Khalid, the son of Barmak became the chief minister (vizier) of al-Saffah (r. 750–754), the first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His son Yahya aided Harun al-Rashid in capturing the throne and rose to power as the most powerful man in the Caliphate.

The Barmakids were remarkable for their majesty, splendor and hospitality. They are mentioned in some stories of the One Thousand and One Nights.
Digital Dog
Digital Dog are an English remix/production duo consisting of Steve Cornish and Nick Mace. The duo also produce under the aliases Jack Rokka and Elek-Tro Junkies.

Digital Dog's 2007 collaboration with Betty Boo, "Take Off", topped the UK Indie Chart and reached No. 92 on the UK Singles Chart. Two of the duo's more recent singles, "Clothes Off" and "Dirty", were released through Ministry of Sound. The duo also collaborated with Cyndi Lauper, co-writing the track "Give It Up" that appeared on Lauper's 2008 album, Bring Ya to the Brink.

Kaci Battaglia
Kaci Lyn Battaglia (/ˈkeɪsiˌbətæɡˈliːə/ KAY-see-bə-tag-LEE-ə; born October 3, 1987, in Clearwater, Florida), also known mononymously as Kaci, is an American former singer, songwriter and dancer. She gained international recognition in 2001 with her hit single "Paradise", which reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart, and was followed by further chart success in the early 2000s. Later in her career, Battaglia achieved additional prominence on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart with singles including "Crazy Possessive" and "Body Shots", both of which reached number one.
Nebula Winners Fourteen
Nebula Winners Fourteen is an anthology of award winning science fiction short works edited by Frederik Pohl. It was first published in hardcover by Harper & Row in August 1980. The first British edition was published in hardcover by W. H. Allen in April 1981. Paperback editions followed from Star in the U.K. in March 1982 and Bantam Books in the U.S. in July 1982.

W. H. Allen & Co.
William H. Allen and Company (est. 1835) was a bookselling and publishing business in London, England, at first known for issuing works related to the British colonies. It operated from headquarters in Leadenhall Street, later moving to Waterloo Place. Early owners and staff included James P. Allen, William Ferneley Allen (d. 1877), and William Houghton Allen.

After a series of acquisitions, the W. H. Allen name disappeared in 1991.
Eric Blankley
Eric Samuel Blankley (3 June 1910 – 1954) was an English cricketer who played for Assam. He was born in East Ham.

Blankley made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1949-50 Ranji Trophy, against Holkar. From the lower-middle order, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 12 runs in the second. He took figures of 2–53 in the only innings in which he bowled.

East Ham
East Ham is a district of the London Borough of Newham, England, 8 miles (12.8 km) east of Charing Cross. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Essex, East Ham is identified in the London Plan as a Major Centre. The population is 76,186.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre butterfly S5
The Men's 50 metre butterfly S5 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 10 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Olympic Aquatics Stadium
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Aquático Olímpico) was a temporary aquatics center in the Barra Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the swimming events, Synchronized swimming finals and water polo finals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the para-swimming events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Jordan Callahan
Jordan Alexander Callahan (born October 21, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who plays for Zdravlje Leskovac of the Basketball League of Serbia. Standing at 1.84 m (6 ft in), he mainly plays at the point guard position.

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.

VD 1A hydroxylase is located in the proximal tubule of the kidney and a variety of other tissues, including skin (keratinocytes), immune cells,  and bone (osteoblasts).

Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal (tubular) pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman's capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). The proximal tubule can be further classified into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).
Julia Crockett-Grills
Julia Crockett-Grills (born 28 October 1994) is an Australian rules footballer with the Geelong Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW).

Crockett-Grills grew up in Kyabram, Victoria and played football as a child before leaving the sport due to the absence of women's teams. When she was older, and living in Melbourne, she returned to playing local football with Scoresby and Knox.

Crockett-Grills was recruited directly by Geelong from the VFL Women's league, where she played with the Box Hill Hawks, prior to the club's inaugural season in the AFLW. She made her AFLW debut during the first round of the 2019 season, against Collingwood at GMHBA Stadium.

Kyabram
Kyabram (/kaɪˈæbrəm/) is a town in north central Victoria, Australia. Kyabram is located in the centre of a rich irrigation district in the Goulburn River Valley, 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Melbourne. The name of the town is thought to derive from a Bangerang word 'Kiambram' meaning 'thick forest'.

It is the second-largest town in the Shire of Campaspe, situated between the towns of Echuca and Shepparton and is close to the Murray River, Goulburn River, Campaspe River and Waranga Basin. As of the 2021 census the town had a population of 7,416 people and provides services to a district population of around 16,000.
Surrounding smaller towns include Merrigum, Lancaster, Undera, Cooma, Wyuna, Kyvalley, Girgarre, Stanhope and Tongala.
Listed buildings in Padiham
Padiham is a town and a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England.  The parish contains 29 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish consists of the town of Padiham and surrounding countryside.

At first Padiham was a market town, but following the Industrial Revolution a number of cotton mills were built.  Most of the older listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings.  The later listed buildings include houses, some of them in rows, churches and associated structures, a lodge at the entrance of a drive to Gawthorpe Hall, banks, a former school master's house, the town hall, and township boundary stones.

Borough of Burnley
The Borough of Burnley (/ˈbɜːrnli/) is a local government district with the borough status in Lancashire, England. It has an area of 42.9 square miles (111 km2) and a population of 95,553 (2022), and is named after its largest town, Burnley. The borough also contains the town of Padiham along with several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Rossendale, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley, Pendle and Calderdale.
Geoffrey Boulton
Geoffrey Stewart Boulton (born 28 November 1940) is a British geoscientist, and Regius Professor Emeritus of the University of Edinburgh.
He was awarded the 2006 Lyell Medal, by the Geological Society.
He was awarded the 2011 James Croll Medal. He was awarded the Seligman Crystal by the International Glaciological Society in 2001. Between 2007 and 2011 he was General Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, of which he has been a Fellow since 1989. He was elected to membership of the Academia Europaea in 2022

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Chestnut Grove (plantation)
Chestnut Grove was an 18th-century plantation house on the Pamunkey River near New Kent Court House in New Kent County, Virginia, United States. Chestnut Grove is best known as the birthplace of Martha Washington, wife of George Washington, and the first First Lady of the United States. Martha Washington was born in the east room of the mansion.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Lycomimus
Lycomimus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Lycomimus albocinctus Melzer, 1931

Lycomimus ampliatus  (Klug, 1825)

Lycomimus formosus (Chemsak & Linsley, 1984)

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Fundusz Obrony Morskiej
Fundusz Obrony Morskiej (FOM, English: Maritime Defence Fund) was a fund-raising venture, created by the Polish government on January 20, 1933, out of a previous fund, Komitet Floty Narodowej (Committee of National Fleet). Its purpose was expansion of Polish Navy, and the Fund collected money for it, both in Poland, and abroad, among Poles living abroad. The money was collected through local offices of the Maritime and Colonial League, and first director of the FOM was General Kazimierz Sosnkowski.

First collections took place in February 1934; within more than three years (until October 1937), the FOM gathered about 8 million zlotys. The money was spent on construction of Poland's first submarine, ORP Orzeł, and the success of the FOM prompted President Ignacy Mościcki into creation of a twin organization, National Defence Fund (1936). FOM was active until outbreak of World War II – until February 1939, it collected additional 2,5 million zlotys.

Ignacy Mościcki
Ignacy Mościcki (Polish: [iɡˈnat͡sɨ mɔɕˈt͡ɕit͡skʲi] ⓘ; 1 December 1867 – 2 October 1946) was a Polish chemist and politician who was the country's president from 1926 to 1939. He was the longest serving president in Polish history. Mościcki was the President of Poland when Germany invaded the country on 1 September 1939 and started World War II.
South Africa A cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2005–06
The South Africa A cricket team are touring Sri Lanka in September and October 2005. South Africa A are a team made up of the second tier of South African cricketers, just below the national team. They played Sri Lanka A for two first class matches, and the hosts won the first by a convincing margin. Sri Lanka were also looking on course to win the second but for an attritional batting effort from Hashim Amla and Johan Botha, who lasted 41 overs to draw the final game, meaning that the hosts won the two match series 1–0. Sanjeewa Weerakoon took 19 wickets in two games for Sri Lanka A, while opening batsman Avishka Gunawardene impressed with the bat, scoring 207 runs in four innings. For South Africa, no one individual really impressed, as captain Jacques Rudolph was the top-scorer 149 runs in four innings while Monde Zondeki took nine wickets at an average of 20.77.  The tourists now start a three-team one-day tournament, also including New Zealand A.

South Africa A cricket team
The South Africa A cricket team is a national cricket team representing South Africa.  It is the second-tier of international South African cricket, below the full South Africa national cricket team.  Matches played by South Africa A are not Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification respectively. Tony de Zorzi is the current captain of the side, while they are being coached by Shukri Conrad.
Maciej Kreczmer
Maciej Kreczmer (born 4 April 1981 in Rajcza) is a Polish cross-country skier who has competed since 1999. His best individual finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 17th in the sprint event in 2005 while his best overall finish was fifth in the team sprint event (with Janusz Krężelok) in 2007.

Kreczmer's best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 25th in the sprint event at Vancouver in 2010.

He has two individual career victories at various levels both in sprint (2000, 2005).

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 took place 16–27 February 2005 in Oberstdorf, Germany, for the second time after hosting it previously in 1987. The ski jumping team normal hill event returned after not being held in 2003. The double pursuit distances of 10 km (5 km classical mass start + 5 km freestyle pursuit) women and 20 km (10 km classical mass start + 10 km freestyle pursuit) men were lengthened to 15 km for women (7.5 km classical mass start + 7.5 km freestyle pursuit) and 30 km for men (15 km classical mass start + 15 km freestyle pursuit). Team sprint was also added as well. The Nordic combined 4 × 5 km team event had its change between ski jumping points and cross-country skiing start time changed from 1 point equals to 1.5 seconds to 1 point equals 1 second at this championship.
Sidney Tarrow
Sidney George Tarrow (born 1938) is an American emeritus professor of political science, known for his research in the areas of comparative politics, social movements, political parties, collective action and political sociology.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
High-density polyethylene
HDPE has SPI resin ID code 2

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used for HDPE pipes. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code.

In 2008, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
Ergo Kuld
Ergo Kuld (born 23 August 1976) is an Estonian film director, cinematographer and producer.

Kuld was born in Tartu. In 1994, he graduated from Kullamaa Secondary School. Between 1998 and 2000, he studied photography at the Baltic Film and Media School in Tallinn and from 2000 until 2004 at Tallinn University as a cinematographer. In 2000, he worked as a photographer for the newspapers Äripäev and Postimees, and from in 2000 until 2002, as a photo editor for Postimees.

In 2019, Kuld's partner, actress and singer Grete Klein, gave birth to a daughter. In 2020, the couple wed.

Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School of Tallinn University
Baltic Film, Media and Arts School of Tallinn University (BFM) is a film and media school created in 2005 (as Baltic Film and Media School) as a college of Tallinn University.

BFM provides students with free shooting and post-production equipment, studio space and production support for their creative works, supervised by established professionals from the audiovisual industry.