hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MacAdam Shield Shovel
The MacAdam Shield-Shovel, also known as the Hughes Shovel, was an item of Canadian infantry equipment during the First World War. It was designed and patented by Sam Hughes, the Canadian minister for the Department of Militia and Defence in 1913, combining function as a shovel and as a shield.  Ena MacAdam, Hughes' personal secretary, had first suggested the idea of a shield shovel to Hughes after she witnessed Swiss soldiers making field entrenchments during field exercises.

Minister of Militia and Defence
The Minister of Militia and Defence was the federal government minister in charge of the volunteer army units in Canada, the Canadian Militia.

From 1855 to 1906, the minister was responsible for Canadian militia units only, as the British Army was still stationed in Canada. From 1906 to 1923, the minister was in charge of the Department of Militia and Defence (Canada). After 1923, the position was merged with the Minister of the Naval Service and the Minister of Aviation into the new position of Minister of National Defence.  The Minister of National Defence became responsible for the Canadian Militia, the Royal Canadian Navy and, from 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Anton Zischka
Anton Emmerich Zischka von Trochnov (born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, September 14, 1904-died in Pollença, Spain, May 31, 1997) was an Austrian journalist and one of the most successful non-fiction writers in the 20th century. He also wrote under the pseudonyms of Rupert Donkan, Thomas Daring, Darius Plecha and Antal Sorba. He published 40 books, mostly covering non-fictional economic and technical topics, and have been translated into 18 languages.

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmaɪnʃaft] ⓘ) and Gesellschaft ([ɡəˈzɛlʃaft] ⓘ), generally translated as "community and society", are categories which were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in order to categorize social relationships into two types. The Gesellschaft is associated with modern society and rational self-interest, which weakens the traditional bonds of family and local community that typify the Gemeinschaft. Max Weber, a founding figure in sociology, also wrote extensively about the relationship between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Weber wrote in direct response to Tönnies.
Sumner Strait
Sumner Strait is a strait in the Alexander Archipelago in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is about 80 miles (130 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide, extending from the mouth of the Stikine River to Iphigenia Bay on the Gulf of Alaska, separating Mitkof Island, Kupreanof Island, and Kuiu Island on the north from Zarembo Island and Prince of Wales Island on the south.

The fur trader William Brown was the first European to visit the strait about 1793. Later the same year James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition, charted it. It was named in 1875 by W. H. Dall in honor of Charles Sumner.

The Cape Decision Light is a notable aid-to-navigation on Sumner Strait.

James Johnstone (explorer)
James Johnstone (c. 1759 – 1823) was a British naval officer and explorer. He is noted for having served as sailing master of the armed tender HMS Chatham and later acting lieutenant during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition to the Pacific Northwest. Johnstone Strait in British Columbia is named after him.
Gisulf II of Benevento
Gisulf II (died between 749 and 753) was the third last duke of Benevento before the fall of the Lombard kingdom. He ruled from 743, when King Liutprand came down and removed Godescalc, to his death up to ten years later.

Liutprand, King of the Lombards
Liutprand was king of the Lombards from 712 to 744. He is chiefly remembered for his multiple phases of law-giving, in fifteen separate sessions from 713 to 735 inclusive, and his long reign, which brought him into a series of conflicts, mostly successful, with most of Italy. Liutprand is often regarded as the most successful Lombard monarch, notable for the Donation of Sutri in 728, which was the first accolade of sovereign territory to the Papacy.
Pasamalar (TV series)
Pasamalar is a 2013-2016 Indian Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV.  A prime time serial, it premiered on 7 October 2013 to 31 December 2016 for 983 episodes. It was initially aired from Monday to Friday at 6:30PM IST and later extended up to Saturday. The show starred Stalin, Chandra Lakshman and Shamily Sukumar in the lead roles as Poovarasu, Thamarai and Mallika. while, Pavani Reddy, Pradeep Kumar, Yuvarani, Shilpa Mary Teresa, Jeevitha, Guru Aravind, Bhuvaneshwari and others playing a supporting roles. It is produced by Home Movie Makers and directed by Sadhasivam Perumaal and Azhagar, S.Sundarmoorthy.

It revolves around the lives of 3 siblings, whose affection and love remain unchanged through highs and lows. Poovarasu (Stalin) has been taking care of his two younger sisters, Thamarai (Chandra Lakshman) and Mallika (Shamily Sukumar) from the age of 10 after their parents' untimely death.

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.
J. Randolph Coolidge Jr.
Joseph Randolph Coolidge Jr. FAIA (1862–1928) was an American architect in practice in Boston from 1894 until his retirement in 1923. Beginning in 1901, he was a senior partner of Coolidge & Carlson, an architectural firm noted for large institutional projects.

Architectural firm
In the United States, an architectural firm or architecture firm is a business that employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture; while in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and other countries, an architectural firm is a company or partnership that offers architectural services.
Lake Lurleen State Park
Lake Lurleen State Park is a publicly owned recreation area located on U.S. Highway 82 approximately 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Northport in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. The state park's 1,625 acres (658 ha) include 250-acre (100 ha) Lake Lurleen and a 23-mile (37 km) trail system. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.

Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Tuscaloosa County is a county in the northwest-central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama and is the center of commerce, education, industry, health care, and entertainment for the region.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 227,036, making it the fifth-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat and largest city is Tuscaloosa. Tuscaloosa County is part of the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Hale and Pickens counties. The community gained international attention in 1993 when it landed Mercedes-Benz's first North American assembly plant, and as of 2021, the company employs over 4,000 people at the facility. Even so, Tier-1 research university the University of Alabama remains the county's largest employer and dominant economic and cultural engine.
Castellvi Peak
Castellvi Peak (Bulgarian: връх Кастелви, romanized: vrah Kastelvi, IPA: [ˈvrɤx kɐˈstɛɫvi]) is a peak rising to 350 m on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island.  Situated 800 m northeast of MacGregor Peaks and 1.4 km southwest of Dorotea Peak.  Spanish early mapping in 1991.  Named for Josefina Castellví i Piulachs, a doyen of the Spanish Antarctic Program.

62°41′34″S 60°23′10″W﻿ / ﻿62.69278°S 60.38611°W﻿ / -62.69278; -60.38611

Hurd Peninsula
Hurd Peninsula lies between South Bay and False Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Spanish Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base and the Bulgarian St. Kliment Ohridski Base are situated on its west coast.

The peninsula was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Thomas Hurd, Royal Navy, the second Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, 1808–23, who instituted a regular system of nautical surveys, and under whose authority Lieutenant Edward Bransfield's 1820 survey of the Bransfield Strait area was published in November 1822.
Nelson Townsend
Nelson Elijah Townsend (May 16, 1941 – January 8, 2015) was an American college athletics administrator. Townsend served seven tenures as athletic director at four different universities: the University of Maryland Eastern Shore (1976–1979 and 2003–2005), Delaware State University (1979–1986), Florida A&M University (1986–1987, 2005–2007, and 2014–2015) and the University at Buffalo (1987–1998). He was the University at Buffalo's first African American athletic director. At both Delaware State and Buffalo, Townsend was responsible for leading the athletic department to achieve full NCAA Division I status, as both schools transitioned from lower levels of NCAA hierarchy. Townsend was inducted to the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Hall of Fame in 1995 ,was inducted to both the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Halls of Fame in 2012 and inducted in the Delaware State University Hall of Fame Class of 2024.

National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics
The National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) is a professional non-profit organization for college and university athletic directors in the United States. NACDA boasts a membership of more than 6,100 individuals and more than 1,600 institutions throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. Members include athletics directors, associate and assistant athletics directors, conference commissioners, and affiliate individuals or corporations.
Shah Nawaz Khan, Punjab
Shah Nawaz Khan is a town and union council of Depalpur Tehsil in the Okara District of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is lies to the south of the district capital Okara and south-west of the tehsil capital Depalpur at 30°33'0N 73°32'60E.

Okara, Pakistan
Okara (Punjabi, Urdu: اوکاڑہ) is the capital city of Okara District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The name Okara is derived from Okaan, a type of tree. In ancient times there were a large number of Okaan trees, which is why the area was named Okara. It is the 23rd most populous city of Pakistan. The city is located southwest of the city of Lahore and Faisalabad is 100 km bypassing the Ravi River. It is known for its agriculture-based economy and cotton mills. The nearest major city to Okara is Sahiwal, which was formerly known as Montgomery. Kasur is also located in the east of the city. Pakistan military dairy farms, known for their cheese, are situated in Okara. Pul Dhool, located near Abdulla Sugar Mill, is a town in the Okara district. Pul Dhool is on Hujra Chunian road. It is 9 km from Shah Muqeem and 17 km from Chunian.These farms were established before the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
2022 BAL qualification
The qualification tournaments for the 2022 BAL season, also known as the Road to BAL 2022, were the qualification rounds for the second season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). The tournaments began on 19 October 2021 and ended 16 December 2021. Similar to the first season, the competition consisted out of two stages: the first round and the elite 16. Six teams advanced to the group phase of the BAL.

AS Salé (basketball)
Association Sportive Salé (Arabic: جمعية سلا), commonly known as AS Salé, is a Moroccan basketball club from Salé. The club competes in the Division Excellence. Notable players of the team include senior men's Moroccan national basketball team members Abderrahim Najah, Zakaria El Masbahi and Soufiane Kourdou.

Salé has won the Moroccan championship 9 times and the Moroccan Throne Cup a record 12 times. The team won one continental title, the FIBA Africa Champions Cup, in 2017. Salé also participated in the first two seasons of the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in 2021 and 2022.
John Watts (British politician)
John Arthur Watts (19 April 1947 – 8 September 2016) was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1983 and 1997.

Watts was educated at Bishopshalt Grammar School, Hillingdon, and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he chaired the Cambridge University Conservative Association. Following graduation he became a chartered accountant. After boundary changes in 1983, Watts defeated Joan Lestor, the former Labour MP for Eton and Slough, to win the new constituency of Slough. Watts decided not to contest the Slough seat at the 1997 General Election due to unfavourable boundary changes, and contested Reading East where the sitting Conservative MP was retiring; however, he was defeated by the Labour candidate, Jane Griffiths.

Watts died in September 2016 at the age of 69.

Hillingdon
Hillingdon is an area of Uxbridge within the London Borough of Hillingdon, centred 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross. It was an ancient parish in Middlesex that included the market town of Uxbridge. During the 1920s the civil parish bore a rapid, planned increase in population and housing, and was absorbed by Uxbridge Urban District in 1929. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965.

Much of Hillingdon has lasting, albeit minor, administrative effect as the current Hillingdon East ward for electing councillors to Hillingdon London Borough Council. In November 2010, the ward had a recorded population of 12,403.
Agness Musase
Agness Musase (born 11 July 1997) is a Zambian footballer who plays as a defender for the Zambia women's national team. She competed for Zambia at the 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations, playing in three matches.

Musase was named to the Zambia squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.

2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations
The 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations (officially known as the Total Women's Africa Cup Of Nations, Ghana 2018) was the 13th edition of the Africa Women Cup of Nations (formerly African Women's Championship), the biennial international football championship organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for the women's national teams of Africa. The tournament was held in Ghana, from 17 November to 1 December 2018.

The tournament also doubled as the African qualifiers to the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. The top three teams qualified for the World Cup in France.

Nigeria, the two-time defending champions, won the tournament for their third consecutive and a record-extending 9th overall Africa Women Cup of Nations title.
Painter (video game)
Painter is a 1994 action-puzzle video game developed and published by Sinister Developments for the Atari ST. In the game, the player guides a sprite across a grid to fill enclosed areas.

Sinister initially released Painter for the Atari ST as shareware. Players could also register the game through Sinister to receive a full version with additional levels and a level editor. The full version was later made available as freeware. An Atari Jaguar CD version with new levels was released in 2003, and a licensed cartridge version with new levels was released in 2024.

Painter received a generally favorable reception, with reviewers praising the gameplay, digitized sound effects, and smooth presentation. Other reviewers felt the game was fun but dated, with criticism directed at minor bugs and the lack of save support.

AtariAge
AtariAge is a website focusing on classic Atari video games. The site features gaming news, historical archives, discussion forums, and an online store. It was founded in 1998.

Taking its name from the 1982–84 Atari Age magazine, the site also houses a comprehensive, searchable database of Atari video games, including manuals, packaging art, estimated rarity, screenshots, reviews, and other details, as well as an Atari Age magazine archive. The site is also home to a community of homebrew developers for Atari and other classic video game systems. Some of the homebrew games originally published by AtariAge have been included in official video game compilations such as Activision Anthology.

AtariAge was acquired by Atari SA in September 2023. The site will remain under control of its co-founder Albert Yarusso, and his support team.
1888 PSOE party congress
The First Congress of the PSOE was held in Barcelona (Spain) between August 23 to 25, 1888, during the regency of Maria Christina of Habsburg, nine days after the Barcelona Workers' Congress of 1888 in which the General Union of Workers was founded, linked to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE), founded in Madrid in 1879. Thus, "for the first time in the history of Spain, a clear and distinct definition was proposed between a party of the working class (which aspires to the exercise of power) and a resistance organization or union, whose aim is to defend the interests of all workers in their relations of production (with employers or companies) and, in general, in their living conditions".

Antonio García Quejido
Antonio García Quejido (16 February 1856 – 13 June 1927) was a Spanish politician, trade unionist, the first president of the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and the first general secretary of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE).
Smart As...
Smart As... is a 2012 edutainment puzzle video game developed by Climax Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Vita. It is similar in style to Nintendo's Brain Age series.

Educational entertainment
Educational entertainment, also referred to by the portmanteau edutainment, is media designed to educate through entertainment. The term has been used as early as 1933. Most often it includes content intended to teach but has incidental entertainment value. It has been used by academia, corporations, governments, and other entities in various countries to disseminate information in classrooms and/or via television, radio, and other media to influence viewers' opinions and behaviors.
Everlast (brand)
Everlast Worldwide Incorporated is an American brand of sports equipment, focused on boxing, mixed martial arts and physical fitness, which markets its products worldwide. The company was founded in The Bronx and is currently based in Manhattan. In 2007, Everlast was acquired by the British retailing group Frasers Group.

Everlast manufactures a wide range of products for fight sports including boxing gloves, protective gear (head and body protectors, mouthguards, jockstraps, hand wraps), punching bags, punch mitts, boxing rings (and corner stools, canvas, ropes, corner cushions). The company also markets a clothing and footwear line including T-shirts, sleeveless shirts, hoodies, leggings, shorts, pants, compression garment, and sneakers.

Protective gear in sports
Personal protective equipment serves an integral role in maintaining the safety of an athlete participating in a sport. The usage and development of protective gear in sports has evolved through time, and continues to advance over time. Many sports league or professional sports mandate the provision and usage of protective gear for athletes in the sport. Usage of protective gear is also mandated in college athletics and occasionally in amateur sports.
Oetters, Missouri
Oetters is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Missouri. The community is situated above the Missouri River floodplain along Missouri Route T. Fiddle Creek flows adjacent to the community as it enters the Missouri River floodplain.

The community is most likely named after Henry Oeters, the original owner of the site.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Hasora
Hasora, the awls, are a genus of skipper butterflies. Hasora species are found in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms.
There are cryptic species in this genus.Genitalia analysis is the only reliable method for identification as many species are externally almost identical.

Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight  biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccas (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.

The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceanian realm.
Corso Venezia
Corso Venezia is a street in Milan, Italy. It is one of the city's most exclusive and elegant avenues, being part of the city's upscale Quadrilatero della moda shopping district, along with Via Montenapoleone, Via della Spiga, Via Sant'Andrea and Via Manzoni. It also boasts a great collection of Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Neo-classical palaces, parks and gardens.

Dolce & Gabbana
Dolce & Gabbana (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe e ɡɡabˈbaːna]), also known by initials D&G, is an Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The house specializes in ready-to-wear, handbags, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear.
Western Counties Regional Library
Western Counties Regional Library is a regional public library with 10 branches serving the counties of Digby, Shelburne and Yarmouth in southwestern Nova Scotia. Established in June 1969, the library has its headquarters at 405 Main Street in the Town of Yarmouth, the largest population centre of the three counties.

Yarmouth County
Yarmouth County is a rural county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It has both traditional Anglo-Scottish and Acadian French culture as well as significant inland wilderness areas, including over 365 lakes and several major rivers. It comprises three municipalities: the Town of Yarmouth, the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth, and the Municipality of the District of Argyle.