hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia (English: Malaysia Science University, abbreviated as USM) is a public research university in Malaysia. Founded on 1 June 1969 as a statutory body with its own constitution, it is the oldest institute of higher learning in Northern Malaysia, as well as the second oldest in the country. It has six campuses: a main campus on the island of Penang, a health campus in Kelantan, an engineering campus in Nibong Tebal, an Advanced Medical and Dental Institute in Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai, a postgraduate studies campus in Kuala Lumpur and an offshore International Medical Programme Campus in Belgaum, India in collaboration with KLE University.

USM is the only Accelerated Programs for Excellence (APEX) government-funded autonomous university in Malaysia. Like most of other universities in Malaysia, USM also used English as its medium of instruction.

Autonomous university
Autonomous university typically refers to a university that exercises a high degree of autonomy from the state. The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staffing autonomy.

The 1988 Magna Charta Universitatum defines the first fundamental principle of a university to be an "autonomous institution" whose "research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power". Different countries have their own implementation of university autonomy.
Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail
The Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail is a scenic byway located in Scioto County, Ohio, that has been recognized by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Scenic Byway Program as one of the state’s scenic byways having met the required criteria of having outstanding scenic, natural, historic, archeological, cultural or recreational qualities.

As of 2011 there were 44 points of interest and historical landmarks along the nearly 85 miles (137 km) of federal, state, county and township highways that make up the Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail.

The purpose of the Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail is to advance tourism, promote the awareness and understanding of the area’s rich heritage and to identify and protect the scenic, historical and cultural assets of the area.

Scenic route
A scenic route, tourist road, tourist drive, scenic byway, or holiday road is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoints. The designation is usually determined by a governmental body, such as a Department of Transportation or a Ministry of Transport.
Fight Stories
Fight Stories was a pulp magazine devoted to stories of boxing. Published by Fiction House, it ran 47 issues cover-dated June 1928 to May 1932, followed by a four-year hiatus. It then ran an additional 59 issues, dated Spring 1936 - Spring 1952. It is best remembered for publishing a large number of stories by Robert E. Howard. The magazine also published fiction by Arthur J. Burks.

Cover date
The cover date of a periodical publication is the date displayed on the cover, which is not necessarily the true date of publication (the on-sale date or release date); later cover dates are common in magazine and comic book publishing. More unusually, Le Monde is a daily newspaper published the afternoon before its cover date. For some publications, the cover date may not be found on the cover, but rather on an inside jacket or on an interior page.
25th Anniversary Tour "On the Wing" in Tokyo
25th Anniversary Tour "On the Wing" in Tokyo is a live video by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada, released on April 15, 2009 by Meldac/Tokuma Japan on DVD. The video was recorded live on December 7, 2008 at the C.C. Lemon Hall as the final show of Hamada's 25th anniversary tour.

The video peaked at No. 20 on Oricon's DVD chart.

Mari Hamada
Mari Hamada (Japanese: 浜田麻里, Hepburn: Hamada Mari; born July 18, 1962) is a Japanese rock singer and songwriter. Having performed in bands since high school, Hamada made her professional debut as a solo act in 1983. She quickly became known as the "Queen of Heavy Metal" (ヘヴィメタルの女王, Hevī Metaru no Joō). In 2018, readers and professional musicians voted Hamada the eighth best vocalist in the history of hard rock and heavy metal in We Rock magazine's "Metal General Election". In 2019, she become the first Japanese musician to top the vocalist category of heavy metal magazine Burrn!'s readers poll in its 36 year history. Throughout her career, she has released 25 singles and 23 studio albums.
David Vandervelde
David Vandervelde is an American indie pop songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is known for his solo work and his studio collaborations with Wilco's Jay Bennett.

As of 2014, Vandervelde has been a member of Father John Misty's touring band. He appears on Misty's studio albums, God's Favorite Customer (2018) and Mahashmashana (2024), where he has a co-writing credit on the track, "Being You".

Secretly Canadian
Secretly Canadian is an American independent record label based in Bloomington, Indiana, part of the Secretly Group. The Secretly Group includes record labels Dead Oceans and Jagjaguwar as well as a music publisher known as Secretly Publishing, representing artists, writers, film makers, producers, and comedians.
Love Stinks (song)
"Love Stinks" is a song written by Peter Wolf and Seth Justman that was the title track of the J. Geils Band's 1980 album Love Stinks.  The song was released as a single and peaked in the U.S. at #38, spending three weeks in the Top 40.  In Canada, the song reached number 15, as it did on WLS-AM in Chicago.

Seth Justman
Seth Justman (born January 27, 1951) is an American keyboardist, singer and songwriter. He played keyboards in all albums and tours for of the J. Geils Band, in addition to writing or co-writing most of their songs and also singing lead after Peter Wolf's departure from the band.
Luoshan County
Luoshan County (simplified Chinese: 罗山; traditional Chinese: 羅山; pinyin: Luóshān; postal: Loshan) is a county in the southeast of Henan province, China, bordering Hubei province to the south. It is under the administration of Xinyang city. The primary dialect is the Xinyang city dialect of Southwestern Mandarin.

Southwestern Mandarin
Southwestern Mandarin (Chinese: 西南官话; pinyin: Xīnán Guānhuà), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (Chinese: 上江官话; pinyin: Shàngjiāng Guānhuà), is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in much of Southwestern China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the northern part of Guangxi and some southern parts of Shaanxi and Gansu.

Southwestern Mandarin is spoken by roughly 260 million people. If considered a language distinct from central Mandarin, it would be the eighth-most spoken language by native speakers in the world, behind Mandarin itself, Spanish, English, Hindi, Portuguese, Arabic and Bengali.
Demographic history of Bačka
This article is about demographic history of Bačka. Data provided below are from various population censuses conducted in the region of Bačka during the history. Censuses from 1715 to 1910 contain data about population of the entire Bačka, while censuses from 1921 to 2002 contain data about population of the Yugoslav/Serbian part of Bačka.

Hungarians in Serbia
Hungarians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Hungarians in Serbia is 184,442, constituting 2.7% of the total population; they are the second-largest ethnic group in the country after Serbs and the largest ethnic minority group. The vast majority of them live in the province of Vojvodina, where they make up 10.5% of population.

Overwhelming majority of Hungarians in Serbia are Catholics, while some 5% are Protestant (mostly Calvinist).
BrickOS
BrickOS is an open-source operating system created by Markus Noga as firmware to operate as an alternative software environment for the Lego Mindstorms Robotic Invention System. BrickOS is the first open-source software made for Lego Mindstorms robots.  It allows development using the C, C++, and Java programming languages. Programs are cross compiled using the g++ and Jack compilers, with the toolchain targeting the Hitachi H8 architecture used in Mindstorms devices.

Cross compiler
A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running.  For example, a compiler that runs on a PC but generates code that runs on Android devices is a cross compiler.

A cross compiler is useful to compile code for multiple platforms from one development host. Direct compilation on the target platform might be infeasible, for example on embedded systems with limited computing resources.

Cross compilers are distinct from source-to-source compilers. A cross compiler is for cross-platform software generation of machine code, while a source-to-source compiler translates from one coding language to another in text code. Both are programming tools.
Falerna
Falerna (Greek: Phalerne) is a town and comune in the province of Catanzaro, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It lies on the A3 motorway.

There are two sections of the city.  Falerna, the oldest section, lies atop a set of cliffs.  Falerna Marina is situated on the seashore and boasts a fine beach and several hotels.  Castiglione Marittimo is a "frazione" of the Falerna municipality; it is a former Norman outpost.

Many of Falerna's inhabitants emigrated to the United States, in particular western Pennsylvania, and a few have returned to their home town in retirement.  Older residents speak a distinct dialect of Italian known as Falernese.  It is dying out as media and schools continue to standardize the Italian language throughout the nation.

Italo-Normans
The Italo-Normans (Italian: Italo-Normanni), or Siculo-Normans (Siculo-Normanni) when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century. While maintaining much of their distinctly Norman culture and customs of war, French culture also played an important role, they were partly shaped by the diversity of Southern Italy, by the cultures and customs of the Greeks, Lombards, and Arabs in Sicily.
Tango Entertainment
Tango Productions, LLC, doing business as Tango Entertainment, is an American film production company founded in 2017 by Lia Buman and Tim Headington. The company produced the films Little Woods (2018) The Old Man & the Gun (2018), Skate Kitchen (2019), Little Fish (2020), Never Rarely Sometimes Always (2020), Resurrection (2022), and Aftersun (2022).

Resurrection (2022 film)
Resurrection is a 2022 American psychological thriller film written and directed by Andrew Semans. It stars Rebecca Hall, Grace Kaufman, Michael Esper, and Tim Roth. The plot follows Margaret (Hall) as she tries to maintain control of her life when an abusive ex-boyfriend (Roth) re-appears in her vicinity. The film was shot in Albany, NY and Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

Resurrection premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2022, and was released in the United States on July 29, 2022, by IFC Films and Shudder. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who commended Hall's performance in the lead role.
White metal
The white metals are a series of often decorative bright metal alloys used as a base for plated silverware, ornaments or novelties, as well as any of several lead-based or tin-based alloys used for things like bearings, jewellery, miniature figures, fusible plugs, some medals and metal type.  The term is also used in the antiques trade for an item suspected of being silver, but not hallmarked.

A white metal alloy may include antimony, tin, lead, cadmium, bismuth, and  zinc (some of which are quite toxic). Not all of these metals are found in all white metal alloys. Metals are mixed to achieve a desired goal or need. As an example, a base metal for jewellery needs to be castable, polishable, have good flow characteristics, have the ability to cast fine detail without an excessive amount of porosity and cast at between 230 and 300 °C (446 and 572 °F).

Household silver
Household silver or silverware (the silver, the plate, or silver service) includes tableware, cutlery, and other household items made of sterling silver, silver gilt, Britannia silver, or Sheffield plate silver. Silver is sometimes bought in sets or combined to form sets, such as a set of silver candlesticks or a silver tea set.

Historically, silverware was divided into table silver, for eating, and dressing silver for bedrooms and dressing rooms.  The grandest form of the latter was the toilet service, typically of 10-30 pieces, often silver-gilt, which was especially a feature of the period from 1650 to about 1780.
Voiceless uvular nasal
A voiceless uvular nasal is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɴ̥⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced uvular nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness.

Phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics.  Among some phoneticians, phonation or phonating is the process by which the vocal cords, or vocal folds, produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physiology and speech production in general. Phoneticians in other subfields, such as linguistic phonetics, call this process voicing, and use the term phonation to refer to any oscillatory state of any part of the larynx that modifies the airstream, of which voicing is just one example. Voiceless and supra-glottal phonations are included under this definition.
Sneaky Sunday
Sneaky Sunday is an Atlanta-based nightlife and entertainment review website that hosts recommendations for bars, clubs, restaurants, hotels, leisure activities and live entertainment venues in over 90 U.S. cities. The founders describe their target audience as "young professionals."

Review site
A review site is a website on which reviews can be posted about people, businesses, products, or services. These sites may use Web 2.0 techniques to gather reviews from site users or may employ professional writers to author reviews on the topic of concern for the site.

Early examples of review sites included ConsumerDemocracy.com, Complaints.com, planetfeedback.com, Epinions.com and ThatGuyWithTheGlasses.com (later rebranded to Channel Awesome in 2014).
Japan Social Development Fund
The Japan Social Development Fund (日本社会開発基金) or JSDF is an official development assistance program funded for World Bank by the government of Japan. The fund was originally set up in 2000 during the Asian financial crisis to reach those affected by supporting community development projects. The funds are contributed to the program through the Ministry of Finance of Japan. Since its creation the program has been an important source of funding for the provision of innovative development assistance in lower-income countries and a source of knowledge on community-based development.

The funds of the JSDF program are administered by the World Bank. An average of fifty proposals are submitted in each round to a selection committee, which is composed of Bank's senior development experts.

Proposal (business)
A business proposal is a written offer from a seller to a prospective sponsor.

Business proposals are often a key step in a complex sales process, where a buyer considers more than price in a purchase.

A proposal puts the buyer's requirements in a context that favors the seller's products and services, and educates the buyer about the seller's capability to satisfy their needs.

There are three distinct categories of business proposals: formally solicited, informally solicited, unsolicited.
1979 Australian Rallycross Championship
The 1979 Australian Rallycross Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title which was contested on 24 June 1979 at Tailem Bend Raceway near Tailem Bend in South Australia. It was the inaugural Australian Rallycross Championship, and is, as of 2014, the only such title to have been recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport.

The championship was won by Larry Perkins driving a Volkswagen Beetle for Kruger Motors.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Dando (surname)
Dando as a surname can refer to the following people:

Bill Dando (1932–2022), American football coach and player

Carolyn Dando, New Zealand actress and soprano

Edward Dando (c. 1803–1832), British thief

Evan Dando (born 1967), American musician and member of the band The Lemonheads

Jill Dando (1961–1999), British television presenter and murder victim

Joseph Dando (1806–1894), British violinist

Maurice Dando (1905–1949), English football player

Shigemitsu Dandō (1913–2012), Japanese criminology expert

Suzanne Dando (born 1961), British gymnast

Dando the Tribesmen

Shigemitsu Dandō
Shigemitsu Dandō (團藤 重光, Dandō Shigemitsu; 8 November 1913 – 25 June 2012) was a professor of the department of Social and Political sciences at the University of Tokyo, an academic researcher of criminology, and a Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan.
Lou Dijkstra
Luitzen "Lou" Dijkstra (7 May 1909 – 24 April 1964) was a Dutch speed skater who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics.

He was born in Paesens, Friesland.

In 1936 he finished 16th in the 5000 metres event, 20th in the 1500 metres competition, as well as 20th in the 10000 metres event, and 24th in the 500 metres competition.

Dijkstra was the father of Sjoukje Dijkstra, a figure skater who won a gold medal in the 1964 Winter Olympics.

Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres
The 10,000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Friday, 14 February 1936. Thirty speed skaters from 14 nations competed.
Battle of Brice's Cross Roads
The Battle of Brice's Cross Roads, also known as the Battle of Tishomingo Creek or the Battle of Guntown, was fought on Friday, June 10, 1864, near Baldwyn, Mississippi, then part of the Confederate States of America. A Federal expedition from Memphis, Tennessee, of 4,800 infantry and 3,300 cavalry, under the command of Brigadier-General Samuel D. Sturgis, was defeated by a Confederate force of 3,500 cavalry under the command of Major-General Nathan B. Forrest. The battle was a victory for the Confederates. Forrest inflicted heavy casualties on the Federal force and captured more than 1,600 prisoners of war, 18 artillery pieces, and wagons loaded with supplies. Once Sturgis reached Memphis, he asked to be relieved of his command.

Baldwyn, Mississippi
Baldwyn, officially the City of Baldwyn, is a city in Lee and Prentiss counties, Mississippi, United States. It is located in the northern part of the Tupelo micropolitan area. Founded in 1860, the population was 3,071 at the 2020 census.
Johnny Thomas (American football, born 1956)
John D. Thomas (born October 19, 1956) is an American former football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Alcorn State University from 1998 to 2007, compiling a record of 48–61. He is the brother of College Football Hall of Fame inductee Dennis Thomas.

Alcorn State University
Alcorn State University (Alcorn State, ASU or Alcorn) is a public historically black land-grant research university adjacent to Lorman, Mississippi. It was founded in 1871 and was the first black land grant college established in the United States.  The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alcorn State's athletic teams are known as the Braves and compete in the NCAA's Division I. All teams compete as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Akpassi
Akpassi is a town and arrondissement in the Collines Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bantè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8979.

Collines Department
Collines ([kɔ.lin], "hills") is one of the twelve departments of Benin, located in the centre of the country. The department of Collines was created in 1999 when it was split off from Zou Department. In 2016, the city of Dassa-Zoumé (also called Igbo Idaasha) became the department's capital (formerly Savalou was the capital).

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 717,477, with 353,592 males and 363,885 females. The proportion of women was 50.70%. The total rural population was 72.50%, while the urban population was 27.50%. The total labour force in the department was 213,069, of which 45.30% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 57.60%.
Football Association of Ireland
The Football Association of Ireland (FAI; Irish: Cumann Peile na hÉireann) is the governing body for association football in Ireland.

Founded in 1921, the organisation was admitted into FIFA as the Football Association of the Irish Free State (FAIFS) in 1923. The FAI readopted their original name in 1936.

Irish Rugby Football Union
The Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) (Irish: Cumann Rugbaí na hÉireann) is the body managing rugby union in the island of Ireland (both Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland). The IRFU has its head office at 10/12 Lansdowne Road and home ground at Aviva Stadium, where adult men's Irish rugby union international matches are played. In addition, the Union also owns the Ravenhill Stadium in Belfast, Thomond Park in Limerick and a number of grounds in provincial areas that have been rented to clubs.
Owen Wells (basketball)
Owen Wells (December 9, 1950 – April 27, 1993) was an American professional basketball player. A 6'7" forward, he attended the University of Detroit Mercy and went to English High School in Boston, Massachusetts. Wells played 33 games for the Houston Rockets during the 1974-75 NBA season, averaging 3.0 points per game.

Wells also had a stint in Australia's National Basketball League with the Sydney Supersonics, during which time he won the NBL Most Valuable Player award in 1983.

Wells died in 1993 after suffering a stroke.

Sydney SuperSonics
The Sydney SuperSonics are a defunct basketball team that competed in Australia's National Basketball League (NBL). The team joined the NBL in 1979 as the City of Sydney Astronauts, becoming the Sydney SuperSonics in 1982 as a result of a merger with state league team Eastern Suburbs. The SuperSonics merged with the West Sydney Westars to form the Sydney Kings in 1988.
Castelo do Bode Dam
Castelo do Bode Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Zêzere River, a tributary of the Tagus River, located southeast of Tomar and north of Constância, in Santarém District, Portugal. It is one of the tallest structures in Portugal. The dam was constructed between 1945 and 1951. It also supports a 138 MW hydroelectric power station which was commissioned between 1951 and 1952. This power station has black start capabilities, and after the 2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout was one of the two first power plants to start reenergizing the Iberian power grid.

Constância
Constância, officially the Notable Town of Constância, is a municipality in Santarém District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 4,056, in an area of 80.37 km2.

Conquered from the Moors in 1150, it was given the status of 'town' in 1571 through a charter from King Sebastian. Portuguese national poet Luís de Camões lived in exile there between 1548 and 1550. In 1809, the English army met in Constância before marching on Spain, on their way to the Battle of Talavera, where Wellington defeated the French.