hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemnitzer Land
Chemnitzer Land is a former district in Saxony, Germany. It was bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the district of Mittweida, the city of Chemnitz, the districts of Stollberg and Zwickauer Land and the state of Thuringia (district Altenburger Land).

Altenburger Land
Altenburger Land is a district in Thuringia, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Greiz, the Burgenlandkreis (Saxony-Anhalt), and the districts Leipzig, Mittelsachsen and Zwickau in Saxony. The district is a member of the Central German Metropolitan Region.
1st Ski Division (Wehrmacht)
The 1st Ski Division (German: 1. Skijäger-Division) was an elite mountain infantry unit of the German Waffen-SS/Army trained to use skis for movement during winter. It was created on the Eastern Front in the autumn of 1943 in preparation for upcoming winter operations. It was enlarged into a full division in the summer of 1944. The division fought exclusively on the Eastern Front as part of  Army Group Centre, including an approach to the Vistula river and during the retreat into Slovakia, southern Poland and the Czech lands (now the Czech Republic), where it surrendered to the Red Army in May 1945.

Ski
Skis are runners, attached to the user's feet, designed to glide over snow. Typically employed in pairs, skis are attached to ski boots with ski bindings, with either a free, lockable, or partially secured heel. For climbing slopes, ski skins can be affixed to the base of each ski to prevent them from sliding backwards. Originally used as a means of travel over snow, skis have become specialized for recreational and competitive alpine and cross-country skiing.
Melissa Maclean
Melissa Maclean is an Australian film maker. Her 2008 documentary film, Beyond Our Ken garnered Maclean a nomination for the AACTA Award for Best Direction in a Documentary (shared with co-director Luke Walker). Beyond Our Ken was also nominated for Best Documentary at the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards and also by the Australian Film Institute. Melissa is also a factual, reality and light entertainment show runner. She co-created the factual entertainment series, Parental Guidance for Nine in 2021.

Maclean is a graduate of the Victorian College of the Arts.

Film Critics Circle of Australia
The Film Critics Circle of Australia (FCCA) is an association of cinema critics and reviewers. It includes journalists in "media, television, major national and state papers, radio, national and state, online and freelance writers, Australian representatives from international magazines..and local specialist film magazines", and is based in Sydney.

The FCCA Annual Awards for Australian Film, rewarding makers of feature films and documentaries is highly regarded.
ISO 3166-2:LV
ISO 3166-2:LV is the entry for Latvia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Latvia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 36 municipalities and seven state cities. The seven state cities have special status equal to the municipalities.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is LV, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Latvia. The second part is either of the following:

three digits: municipalities

three letters: state cities

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Chiou Ho-shun case
The Chiou Ho-shun case (Chinese: 邱和順案; pinyin: Qiū Héshùn àn) is one of the most well-known criminal cases in Taiwan. In September 1988, a group of 12 men, led by Chiou Ho-shun (born 1960), was arrested and detained for their murder of saleswoman Ko Hung Yu-lan and the kidnapping of schoolboy Lu Cheng. After 11 trials, in 2011, the Supreme Court reached a verdict that sentenced Chiou to death.  The case has gained notoriety due to the lack of evidence connecting Chiou and the 11 to the murders, as well as the alleged tortures they received in order to force confessions. As of 2026, Chiou is the longest-serving death row inmate in Taiwan.

Supreme Court (Taiwan)
The Supreme Court (Chinese: 最高法院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Fǎyuàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ) is the court of last resort for civil and criminal cases in Taiwan. It is one of the three final courts in the Judicial Yuan.

Apart from the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court (最高行政法院) is the final court for administrative litigation, while the Disciplinary Court (惩戒法院) is the final court for misconduct by public officials.
Taiyuan campaign
The Taiyuan campaign was a campaign of the Chinese Civil War fought between the nationalist and communist factions. The campaign was over the control of Taiyuan, the capital of the province of Shanxi, China. The campaign resulted in a communist victory.

Army
An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch, or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army.
1883 Birthday Honours
The 1883 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 24 May 1883.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Tile Kolup
Tile Kolup (died 7 July 1285), also known as Dietrich Holzschuh, was an impostor who in 1284 began to pretend to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Kolup took advantage of persistent rumors that the emperor, who had died in 1250, was not really dead and was about to return to put in order the matters of the empire. When Kolup first claimed to be the emperor in 1284 in Cologne, he was laughed at, dunked in the sewer, and driven out of the city. He then found strong support in Neuss, and issued his own documents with a fake seal. He joined the enemies of King Rudolph of Habsburg who besieged the city unsuccessfully. In the summer of 1285 Tile Kolup went to Wetzlar where he held court; the origin of the necessary money remains unclear. He even issued privileges under royal seal and was visited by Italian supporters. Rudolph of Habsburg finally captured him in the same year in Wetzlar, where he had him burned at the stake as a heretic.

Neuss
Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] ⓘ; written Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnʏs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city", and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.
2021 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2021 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big West Conference of the 2020-21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 9–13, 2021 at the Michelob Ultra Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The winner received the conference's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA tournament.

Michelob Ultra Arena
Michelob Ultra Arena, formerly the Mandalay Bay Events Center, is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose indoor arena at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International, and was opened on April 10, 1999. MGM and brewing company Anheuser-Busch entered a naming-rights agreement in 2021, naming the arena after the company's Michelob Ultra beer.

It is the home arena for the Las Vegas Aces of the Women's National Basketball Association and was previously home to the Las Vegas Desert Dogs of the National Lacrosse League. The arena also hosts a variety of music, sports, and entertainment events.
Let It Burn (Nebula album)
Let It Burn is the debut EP by the American stoner rock band Nebula.  It features a more psychedelic experimental sound as opposed to the straightforward approach of Eddie Glass' former band Fu Manchu. It was out of print until re-released in 2018 by Heavy Psych Sounds Records.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.
The Great Canadian Baking Show season 7
The seventh season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on October 1, 2023. As with previous seasons, ten amateur bakers will compete over eight weeks of challenges, vying for the title. Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis return for their fourth season as hosts. Bruno Feldeisen and Kyla Kennaley return for their seventh and fifth seasons respectively as judges.

Alan Shane Lewis
Alan Shane Lewis is a Canadian comedian, actor and television host, best known as the co-host with Ann Pornel of The Great Canadian Baking Show since season 4.

An alumnus of The Second City's Toronto company who appeared most notably in the 2019 revue If I Could #Throwback Time, he is a partner with Coko Galore, PHATT Al, Brandon Ash-Mohammed, Nkasi Ogbonnah, Ajahnis Charley, Aba Amuquandoh and Brandon Hackett in Untitled Black Sketch Project, Canada's first all-Black Canadian sketch comedy troupe.

He has also had acting roles in the television series Christian & Nat and the short film Duppy, and competed in episodes of Roast Battle Canada

Lewis and Pornel received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host or Presenter in a Factual or Reality/Competition Series at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022 for The Great Canadian Baking Show.
2016 Los Cabos Open
The 2016 Los Cabos Open (or Abierto Mexicano Los Cabos) was an ATP tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the Los Cabos Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2016 ATP World Tour. It took place in Los Cabos, Mexico from August 8 through August 13, 2016. It took over from the Claro Open in Bogotá, Colombia that had been held the previous 3 years.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Pāora Kīngi Delamere
Pāora Kīngi Delamere (1889 – 19 December 1981) was a New Zealand carpenter, boat builder, farmer and Ringatū leader. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Whakatōhea and Te Whānau-ā-Apanui iwi. He was born in Whitianga, East Cape, New Zealand on 1889. He was the father of Monita Eru Delamere.

Ringatū
The Ringatū church is a Māori church in New Zealand, founded in 1868 by Te Kooti Arikirangi te Turuki, commonly called Te Kooti. The symbol for the movement is an upraised hand, or ringa ("hand") tū ("raised") in Māori.
David Hall House
The David Hall House is a historic house at 25420 W. Cedar Crest Lane in Lake Villa, Illinois. The house was built in 1931 for David and May Cave Hall, a wealthy couple who settled in Lake Villa after taking summer vacations there for many years. Architect Ralph Wesley Varney designed the building in the Art Deco with elements of popular revival styles of the period. An unusual choice for a residential building, the use of Art Deco was likely inspired by May's travels to Hollywood in the 1920s. The house's design includes a rusticated limestone exterior, large Gothic arch windows, a triangular canopy above the entrance, a metal oriel window, and a stepped roof. Its grounds include a swimming pool and terrace garden.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 2014.

Oriel window
An oriel window is a form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or similar cantilevers, an oriel window generally projects from an upper floor, but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.
Williamsburgh, North Carolina
Williamsburgh (Williamsburg after 1832) was a town in north Iredell County, North Carolina from 1815 to 1971.  It was the second town in Iredell County established by the North Carolina General Assembly, after Statesville, North Carolina.  In the 1800s, the town contained a tavern, post office, church, and possibly a horse racing venue.  Williamsburgh was located in the southeast section of Union Grove Township, which was created in 1868.  The only portions of the town to survive after its charter was repealed in 1971 was the Macedonia Methodist Church (established in 1829).

Statesville, North Carolina
Statesville is a city in Iredell County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat.  The population was 28,419 at the time of the 2020 census. Statesville was established in 1789 by an act of the North Carolina Legislature. It is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.
Eucnide urens
Eucnide urens, also known as desert rock nettle or desert stingbush, is a shrub which is native to desert areas in California, Arizona, Utah, Southern Nevada, and Baja California.  Other common names are velcro plant and vegetable velcro.

The  flowers, which appear from spring to early summer, are cream or pale yellow with 5 petals and are 2.5 to 5 cm long. The coarsely serrated leaves are 2 to 6.5 cm long with stinging hairs which are also found on the stems and buds. It grows in the desert on cliffs and dry, rocky places.

The plant is round and bushy and is usually between 30 and 60 cm in height and is often found on cliff faces. Desert bighorn sheep feed on the flowers.

Desert bighorn sheep
The desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) is a subspecies of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) that is native to the deserts of the United States' intermountain west and southwestern regions, as well as northwestern Mexico. The Bureau of Land Management considered the subspecies "sensitive" to extinction.

The trinomial of this species commemorates the American naturalist Edward William Nelson (1855–1934). The characteristics and behavior of the desert bighorn sheep generally follow those of other bighorn sheep, except for adaptation to the lack of water in the desert. They can go for extended periods of time without drinking water.

The desert bighorn sheep is the state mammal of Nevada. It is also the mascot of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.
Hundred of Blyth (South Australia)
The Hundred of Blyth is a cadastral unit of hundred on the northern Adelaide Plains of South Australia centred on the township of Blyth. It is one of the 16 hundreds of the County of Stanley. It was named in 1860 by Governor Richard MacDonnell after Arthur Blyth who arrived in South Australia as a teenager in 1839 and went on to become a local businessman, parliamentarian and thrice the premier of South Australia.

Apart from the town of Blyth the locality of Kybunga is also in the hundred, and the historic settlement of Bowillia is on the eastern boundary of the hundred.

Kybunga, South Australia
Kybunga is a locality in the Mid North of South Australia. It was on the Gladstone railway line 87+1⁄2 miles (140.8 km) north of Adelaide on the plains to the west of the Clare Valley. The Kybunga school opened in 1881 and closed in 1988, and the former Methodist and Uniting church that opened in 1886 is now a private residence.
Kybunga was once a stop on the Hamley Bridge-Gladstone railway line from 1876 until 1989.
Veronica (singer)
Veronica (born Veronica Vazquez; July 24, 1974) is an American singer and stage actress. Along with singers Ultra Nate and Deborah Cox, she is considered to be one of the divas of the 1990s club music scene.

Diva
Diva (/ˈdiːvə/, Italian: [ˈdiːva]), the Latin word for a goddess, has often been used as an honorific to refer to a celebrated woman of outstanding talent in the world of opera, theatre, cinema, fashion and popular music. If referring to an actress, the meaning of diva is closely related to that of prima donna. Diva can also refer to a person, especially one in show business, with a reputation for being temperamental or demanding. The application of the term has broadened beyond the performing arts to also include celebrated political and business leaders.
Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (Iran)
The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) is the government ministry of science, research and technology in Iran. State-run (non-medical) universities of Iran are under the direct supervision of Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The ministry was established in 2000 when the ministry of culture and higher education was renamed as the ministry of science, research and technology.

In 2000 the ministry set up the Aerospace Research Institute.

The supervision of higher education institutions and the approval of the study programmes, as well as the accreditation of universities and other higher education institutions are conducted by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Medical education falls within the remit of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. A list of recognised universities and institutes of higher education and private institutions is available on the website of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
Robert S. Barnett
Robert S. Barnett (July 19, 1950 – November 26, 2004) was an American politician aide who was Secretary of the Pennsylvania Office of Administration, a position he held from 2003 to 2004. He died from cancer on November 26, 2004, at the age of 54.

Pennsylvania Office of Administration
Pennsylvania Office of Administration is a cabinet-level agency in Pennsylvania. It is responsible for managing the business support for all other state agencies, boards, and commissions. It also manages the state's emergency broadcast system.
I'm the Law
I'm the Law  is the title of a 30-minute syndicated American television police drama series which aired in 1953 starring George Raft as Lt. George Kirby, a New York Police Department detective involved in solving a variety of crimes in New York City.

Filming began in March 1952.

The series first aired on February 13, 1953 and ended on July 31, 1953. It was filmed at Hal Roach Studios by a production company owned by Lou Costello. Costello's brother, Pat, was the executive producer. Jean Yarbrough was the director. The series was distributed by MCA-TV.

Hal Roach Studios
Hal Roach Studios was an American motion picture and, through its TV production subsidiary, Hal Roach Television Corporation, television production studio. Known as The Laugh Factory to the World, it was founded by producer Hal Roach and business partners Dan Linthicum and I.H. Nance as the Rolin Film Company on July 23, 1914. The studio lot, at 8822 Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California, United States, was built in 1920, at which time Rolin was renamed to Hal E. Roach Studios. The first series in Hal Roach Studios were the Willie Work comedies, with the first short being Willie Runs the Park.
Panfilov District, Kyrgyzstan
The Panfilov District (Kyrgyz: Панфилов району, romanized: Panfilov rayonu) is a district of Chüy Region in northern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 2,606 square kilometres (1,006 sq mi), and its resident population was 47,938 in 2021. The administrative seat lies at Kayyngdy (Kaindy). The district covers the westernmost part of the Chüy Region, and a mountainous exclave separated from the rest of the Panfilov District by the Jayyl District.

Chüy Region
Chüy is the northernmost region of Kyrgyzstan, surrounding the national capital Bishkek. It is bounded on the north by Kazakhstan, and clockwise, Issyk-Kul Region, Naryn Region, Jalal-Abad Region, and Talas Region. Its administrative center is Bishkek. Its total area is 19,895 km2 (7,682 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 974,984 as of January 2021. The region has sizeable Russian (20.8% in 2009) and Dungan (6.2% in 2009) minorities. It takes its name from the river Chüy that flows through the region.