hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Tolkien (priest)
John Francis Reuel Tolkien (16 November 1917 – 22 January 2003) was an English Roman Catholic priest and the eldest son of J. R. R. Tolkien. He served as a parish priest in Oxford, Coventry, Birmingham, and Stoke-on-Trent. He was also a chaplain at the University College of North Staffordshire and to two schools, as well as a governor of St Joseph's College. During his lifetime and after his death, there were a number of allegations of child sexual abuse against him: he was questioned by the police but never charged or convicted.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Ham sandwich theorem
In mathematical measure theory, for every positive integer n the ham sandwich theorem states that given n measurable "objects" in n-dimensional Euclidean space, it is possible to divide each one of them in half (with respect to their measure, e.g. volume) with a single (n − 1)-dimensional hyperplane. This is possible even if the objects overlap.

It was proposed by Hugo Steinhaus and proved by Stefan Banach (explicitly in dimension 3, without stating the theorem in the n-dimensional case), and also years later called the Stone–Tukey theorem after Arthur H. Stone and John Tukey.

The American Mathematical Monthly
The American Mathematical Monthly is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics. It was established by Benjamin Finkel in 1894 and is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Mathematical Association of America. It is an expository journal intended for a wide audience of mathematicians, from undergraduate students to research professionals. Articles are chosen on the basis of their broad interest and reviewed and edited for quality of exposition as well as content. The editor-in-chief is Annalisa Crannell.
The journal gives the Lester R. Ford Award annually to "authors of articles of expository excellence" published in the journal.
Western Female Collegiate Institute
The Western Female Collegiate Institute was a school of higher learning for young ladies in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1833 until 1837.

The institute operated from a nine-room brick house on the Erin Hill farm grounds.  This was east of the city limits in the 1830s, and the Monongahela River passed the property.  Today, the location borders Centre Avenue on the north and Devilliers Street on the west.

Rev. William B. Lacey, DD opened the institute and was the president, and his wife, Elizabeth, was the governess.  The school offered boarding, and advertisements stated 30 as the maximum number of pupils.  The institute's design was to "impart an accurate and thorough knowledge of all the solid and polite branches of female education."  The institute closed in 1837 after damaging reports circulated about Lacey, and enrollment declined.

Notable instructors included the Rev. George Upfold, DD and William E. A. Aikin.

Centre Avenue (Pittsburgh)
Centre Avenue is a main thoroughfare in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.  It stretches from Sixth Avenue near the Allegheny County Courthouse to East Liberty.

Because of redevelopments to areas at both ends of Centre Avenue, the street is now somewhat shorter than it had been in 1970.  At its downtown end, it now ends at Sixth Avenue.  It lost about 500 feet (160 m) when the old Plaza building was razed and the "T" (subway) was built.  At its other terminus, it was shortened by about 1000 feet (320 m) when East Liberty was re-designed and Penn Circle South produced.  Charts produced prior to 1970 were drawn with Centre Avenue longer than its current length.

Centre Avenue was extended in 2014, when the streets composing Penn Circle were renamed to their old names.
Ilamai Kolam
Ilamai Kolam (transl. Adolescence) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language film directed by N. Venkatesh. The film stars Suman, Radhika and Pratap Pothen. It was released on 19 July 1980. The film is adapted from the 1979 Hindi film Jurmana.

Pratap Pothen
Pratap Pothen (13 August 1952 – 15 July 2022) was an Indian actor and filmmaker who acted in about 100 films and directed 12 films. He worked predominantly in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He also worked as a scriptwriter and producer for films.
Theatre of Armenia
Armenian theatre (Armenian: Հայկական թատրոն, romanized: Haykakan t’atron) dates to before Roman times and is one of the oldest Eurasian theatrical traditions. Alongside Greek and Roman theatres, it stands as one of the world's most ancient theatres. The ancient and beloved form of theatrical art is lyrical (profound) drama, which exerted its influence on the folklore of the Near East, Balkan, and Apennine peoples. Within this cultural context, Armenian folk and mystical drama, characterized by its dance elements, also took shape. Although the ancient theatre system has not been preserved, it has left its linguistic marks.

Levon Shant
Levon Shant (Armenian: Լեւոն Շանթ; born Levon Nahashbedian, then changed to Levon Seghposian; 6 April 1869 – 29 November 1951) was an Armenian playwright, novelist, poet and founder of the Hamazkayin Armenian Educational and Cultural Society.
Mount Kolodkin
Mount Kolodkin is a mountain, 2,525 metres (8,280 ft) high, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southeast of Pinegin Peak in the Südliche Petermann Range of the Wohlthat Mountains, Antarctica. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39 and later mapped from air photos and surveys collected by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. The mountain was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Kolodkin, designer of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen's ships the Vostok and Mirnyy.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Hugh Flavin
Hugh Flavin is an Irish hurler who played as a centre-forward for the Limerick senior team.

Flavin joined the team during the 2007 National League and was a semi-regular member of the starting fifteen over the following two seasons. He enjoyed little success in the senior grade and was an unused substitute in Limerick's All-Ireland final defeat in 2007.

At club level Flavin plays with Croom.

2007 National Hurling League
The 2007 National Hurling League was the 76th season of the National Hurling League, the top leagues for inter-county hurling teams, since its establishment in 1925. The fixtures were announced on 28 November 2006. The season began on 18 February 2007 and concluded on 29 April 2007.
Larry McCormack
Laurence McCormack (20 May 1882 – 13 September 1935) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career with the Louth senior team spanned fifteen years from 1904 until 1919. He captained his county to victory in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship of 1910. In a 2000 poll he was nominated as one of the greatest ever Louth footballers. His great-grandson Colin Kelly followed in his footsteps by giving long service to Louth, as both player and manager.

Louth GAA
The Louth County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae an Lú) or Louth GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Louth.

It oversees competitions such as the Louth Senior Football Championship (SFC), Louth Intermediate Football Championship (IFC), Louth Junior Football Championship (JFC) and Louth Senior Hurling Championship (SHC), as well as numerous underage and secondary competitions.

The county board is also responsible for the Louth county teams in both football and hurling. The county football team won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) in 1910, 1912 and again in 1957.
99 Problems
"99 Problems" is the third single released by American rapper Jay-Z from The Black Album. It was released on April 27, 2004. The chorus of "I got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one" is taken from the Ice-T song "99 Problems", from the album Home Invasion (1993).

In the song, Jay-Z tells a story about dealing with rap critics, racial profiling from a police officer who wants to search his car, and an aggressor. The song reached number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Manslaughter (album)
Manslaughter is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Body Count. The album was released on June 10, 2014, by Sumerian Records. It is the first album to feature new rhythm guitarist Juan of the Dead and new drummer Ill Will. The album also features the return of sampler Sean E Sean, who rejoined the group in 2008.
Macuata East Cakaudrove (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
Macuata East Cakaudrove Indian Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 19 communal constituencies reserved for Indo-Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 52 seats, 27 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered eastern areas of the northern island of Vanua Levu.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

2013 Constitution of Fiji
The 2013 Constitution of Fiji is the fourth constitution of Fiji, signed into law by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau on 6 September 2013, coming into effect immediately. It is the first to eliminate race-based electoral rolls, race-based seat quotas, district-based representation, the unelected upper chamber, and the role of the hereditary Council of Chiefs. It vests sole legislative authority in a single-chamber, 50-seat, at-large Parliament, to be first convened following general elections in 2014. It is also the first ever to grant the right to multiple citizenship (in effect since 2009 by decree, on abrogation of the 1997 constitution), and lowers the voting age to 18.
KGU-FM
KGU-FM (99.5 FM) is a commercial radio station in Honolulu, Hawaii, broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching radio format. It is owned by the Malama Media Group with studios and offices on North King Street in Honolulu's Kalihi district.  KGU-FM is a brokered programming station where hosts pay for their time on the air and may use their shows to seek donations to their ministries.  National religious leaders heard on KGU-FM include David Jeremiah, Jim Daly, Charles Stanley, J. Vernon McGee and Chuck Swindoll.  Several Honolulu pastors also have shows on the station.

KGU-FM has an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts horizontal polarization and 81,000 watts vertical.  Its transmitter is off Palehua Road in Akupu, Hawaii.

Brokered programming
Brokered programming (also known as time-buy and blocktime) is a form of broadcast content in which the show's producer pays a radio or television station for air time, rather than exchanging programming for pay or the opportunity to play spot commercials. A brokered program is typically not capable of garnering enough support from advertisements to pay for itself, and may be controversial, esoteric or an advertisement in itself.
Purity Rionoripo
Purity Cherotich Rionoripo (born 10 June 1993) is a Kenyan long-distance runner.

She won the Copenhagen Half Marathon in 2015 in 1:08:29 as well as the Lisbon Marathon in 2:25:09. She won the 2017  Paris Marathon with a time of 2:20:55, and the Prague Marathon 2021 "Battle of the Teams" event in 2:20:14.

In a press release from December 20th, 2022, The Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) published that she has been banned for 5 years for violations of the World Athletics Anti-Doping Rules after testing positive for the banned diuretic furosemide.

She is married to Kenyan runner Paul Lonyangata.

Lisbon Marathon
The Lisbon Marathon or the EDP Lisbon Marathon is an annual marathon held in Lisbon, Portugal in the month of October, established in 1986.

The Marathon starts in the beachside city of Cascais and finishes alongside the Luso Portugal Half Marathon in Lisbon. Both the marathon and half marathon (which starts on the Vasco da Gama Bridge) are IAAF Gold Standard.   The marathon course is flat, fast and incredibly scenic.  Both races feature live music along the course and a Finish Line Concert.

The 2020 edition of the race was postponed to 2021.10.17 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Lisbon Marathon course map
Freund's adjuvant
Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete form, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA or CFA) is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usually M. tuberculosis), whereas the incomplete form (FIA or IFA) lacks the mycobacterial components (hence just the water in oil emulsion). It is named after Jules T. Freund.

Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species of  Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus's mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer containing high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrition. The genus is divided based on each species's pigment production and growth rate. While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.
2016–17 Angola Basketball Super Cup
The 2017 Angola Basketball Super Cup (24th edition) was contested by Primeiro de Agosto, as the 2016 league champion and Recreativo do Libolo, the 2016 cup winner. Recreativo do Libolo won its 3rd title.

The 2017 Women's Super Cup (22nd edition) was contested by Interclube, the 2016 women's league champion and Primeiro de Agosto, the 2016 cup runner-up. (Interclube won the cup as well). Interclube was the winner, making it is's 8th title.

Angola Women's Basketball League
The Angolan Women's Basketball League (Portuguese: Campeonato Nacional de Basquetebol em Séniores Femininos) is the top tier women's basketball league in Angola. The competition is organized by the Angolan Basketball Federation.

Primeiro de Agosto has been the most successful club in Angola with a total 12 titles won, followed by Interclube, with 4.
Book of Ryan
Book of Ryan is the seventh studio album by American rapper Royce da 5'9". It was released on May 4, 2018 by Royce's own label Heaven Studios and eOne Music. The album features guest appearances from artists Eminem, J. Cole, Pusha T, Jadakiss, Fabolous, T-Pain, Logic, pianist Robert Glasper, Chavis Chandler, Agent Sasco, King Green, Ashley Sorrell, Melanie Rutherford, and Marsha Ambrosius. Meanwhile, the production was handled by a wide array of producers, including Mr. Porter, S1, Boi-1da, Cool & Dre, DJ Khalil and Frank Dukes, among others. Upon its release, the album received critical acclaim.

Boi-1da
Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), known professionally as Boi-1da (a play on Boy Wonder) is a Canadian record producer and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.

He is an in-house producer for Drake's OVO Sound label and has produced for a variety of artists and groups, most notably Drake, Rihanna, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Jack Harlow, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar among others. In 2015, Samuels served as the executive producer for Drake's mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late.
Business chess
Business chess (Armenian chess ) is  a variant of chess played in teams. It was invented in 1992 by Dr. Grachya Ovakimyan of Moscow with the aim of making chess more entertaining and spectacular.

In the opinion of the inventor, free and open discussion between team members and collective decision-making process may make the game spectacular by increasing its dynamism and presenting the various stages of chess players' thinking, evaluation of positions, calculation of variants, choice of alternatives, and so on. In turn, in order to ensure active team discussion and effective decision-making process the Interactive Cognitive Scenario was developed.

Ovakimyan describes this version of chess as a sports business game.

Outline of sports
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:

Sport is a physical activity or game, often competitive and organized, that maintains or improves physical ability and skills. Sport may provide enjoyment to participants and entertainment to spectators. The number of participants in a particular sport can vary from hundreds of people to a single individual.
Podewsie
Podewsie [pɔˈdɛfɕɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łopuszno, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Łopuszno and 22 km (14 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Łopuszno
Łopuszno [wɔˈpuʂnɔ] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łopuszno. It lies approximately 27 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Changyang railway station
Changyang railway station is a railway station on the Yichang–Wanzhou Railway in Hubei Province of China. It is located in Hejiaping town (贺家坪镇) in Changyang Tujia Autonomous County of Yichang Prefecture-level City. It apparently was identified in early design documents as the Hejiaping  Railway Station.

Yichang
Yichang (Chinese: 宜昌), alternatively romanized as Ichang, is a prefecture-level city located in western Hubei province, China. Yichang had a population of 3.92 million people at the 2022 census, making it the third most populous city in Hubei. The city is famous for the Three Gorges, the Three Gorges Dam and the Gezhouba Dam, all three of which are located in Yiling District, one of the city's districts.
2. Bundesliga Nord (1974–1981)
The 2. Bundesliga Nord was the second-highest level of the West German football league system in the north of West Germany from its introduction in 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981. It covered the northern states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and the city of West Berlin.

Alemannia Aachen
Aachener Turn- und Sportverein Alemannia 1900 e. V., short Alemannia Aachen (German pronunciation: [aleˈmani̯aː ˈʔaːxn̩]), is a German football club from the western city of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia. A long-term fixture of the country's second division, Alemannia enjoyed a three-year turn in the Bundesliga in the late 1960s and, after a successful 2005–06 campaign, returned to the first division for a single season. The club slipped to third-division play and in late 2012 entered into bankruptcy. They finished their 2012–13 3. Liga schedule before resuming play in the tier IV Regionalliga West in 2013–14.

In the 2023–24 Regionalliga, Alemannia finished 1st in the West Group, which got them immediately promoted to the 2024–25 3. Liga.

Alemannia carries the nickname "the potato beetles" (Kartoffelkäfer) because of their traditionally striped yellow-black jerseys, which make them look like the particular insects. The home of Alemannia is the Tivoli.
Leucopogon pilifer
Leucopogon pilifer, commonly known as thready beard-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a low-lying, dwarf, often mat-forming shrub with long branches, oblong to lance-shaped leaves and crowded, white spikes of densely bearded flowers arranged in groups of between 4 and 9.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
John Pfaff
John F. Pfaff is an American law professor at Fordham University. He previously served as a John M. Olin Fellow at the Northwestern University School of Law and as a clerk for Judge Stephen F. Williams on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was educated at the University of Chicago. His 2017 book Locked In argues that conventional wisdom regarding the causes of high rates of incarceration in the United States is wrong, arguing that, for example, the war on drugs has played a much smaller role than generally thought. Instead, he argues that rising violent crime rates and prosecutorial discretion were major factors in the rise in America's incarceration rate.

Stephen F. Williams
Stephen Fain Williams (September 23, 1936 – August 7, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 until his death from COVID-19 in 2020.
International Business School, Germany
The International Business School (IBS) was founded in1984 as a non-academic private business school. It offered three-year full-time management programs in different management disciplines. It also specialized in foreign language training. Due to declining student numbers and uncertainty in the European higher education market following Brexit, the Nuremberg campus-the last remaining IBS location-closed in 2021, ending the school's operations. With the closure of its last campus, the International Business School concluded its more than three-decade history as a provider of business and management education in Germany

Bad Nauheim
Bad Nauheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnaʊhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in Wetteraukreis, Hesse, Germany.

As of 2020, Bad Nauheim has a population of 32,493. The town is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Frankfurt am Main, on the east edge of the Taunus mountain range. It is a world-famous resort, noted for its salt springs, which are used to treat heart and nerve diseases. A Nauheim (or "effervescent") bath, named after Bad Nauheim, is a type of spa bath through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. This bath was one of several types of hydrotherapy used at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and it was also used at the Maurice Bathhouse in Bathhouse Row in the early 1900s during the heyday of hydrotherapy. The Konitzky Foundation, a charitable foundation and hospital for those without economic means, was founded in 1896 and its building occupies a central place next to the Kurpark.