hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambiguity (horse)
Ambiguity (1950 – after 1971) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the 1953 Epsom Oaks. After finishing unplaced on her only start as a two-year-old she improved to become a top-class stayer in 1953. She won the White Rose Stakes, Oaks Stakes and Jockey Club Cup as well as finishing second in the Cheshire Oaks and the Oxfordshire Stakes. After her retirement from racing she had some success as a broodmare.

White Rose Stakes
The White Rose Stakes was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old horses. It was run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in April or May.
Johnson thermoelectric energy converter
A Johnson thermoelectric energy converter or JTEC is a type of solid-state heat engine that uses the electrochemical oxidation and reduction of hydrogen in a two-cell, thermal cycle that approximates the Ericsson cycle.   It is under investigation as a viable alternative to conventional thermoelectric conversion. Lonnie Johnson invented it and claims the converter exhibits an energy conversion efficiency of as much as 60%, however, this claim is at a theoretical level based on comparison with a Carnot cycle and assumes a temperature gradient of 600 °C. It was originally proposed for funding to the Office of Naval Research but was refused. Johnson obtained later funding by framing the engine as a hydrogen fuel cell.  Johnson had been collaborating with PARC on development of the engine.

Ericsson cycle
The Ericsson cycle is named after inventor John Ericsson who designed and built many unique heat engines based on various thermodynamic cycles.  He is credited with inventing two unique heat engine cycles and developing practical engines based on these cycles.  His first cycle is now known as the closed Brayton cycle, while his second cycle is what is now called the Ericsson cycle.
Ericsson is one of the few who built open-cycle engines, but he also built closed-cycle ones.
Bernhard Goetzke
Bernhard Goetzke (5 June 1884 – 7 October 1964) was a German stage and film actor, renowned for his contributions to German silent cinema. Born in Danzig, German Empire (now Gdańsk, Poland), Goetzke began his acting career in theaters across Hagen, Düsseldorf, Dresden, and Berlin. His film debut came in 1917 with Robert Wiene's Furcht (Fear), but his breakthrough roles were in Fritz Lang's films, including Destiny (Der Müde Tod, 1921), Dr. Mabuse the Gambler (1922), and Die Nibelungen (1924). His restrained yet expressive acting style made him a favourite among filmmakers.

Hagen
Hagen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] ⓘ) is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany, on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr. In 2023, the population was 197,677.

The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany.
TCR International Series
The TCR International Series was an international touring car championship. The championship was promoted by World Sporting Consulting (WSC), founded by former World Touring Car Championship manager Marcello Lotti. It was marketed as a cost-effective spin-off of the WTCC, targeted at C-segment hatchbacks production-based touring cars. The title TCR follows the naming convention now used by the FIA to classify the cars that compete in touring car racing, with TC1 referring to the top tier as used by the FIA WTCC and TC2 referring to the legacy cars which principally compete in the FIA ETCC.

On 6th December 2017, FIA's World Motorsport Council announced that the series will merge with World Touring Car Championship and European Touring Car Cup starting in 2018.

2018 World Touring Car Cup
The 2018 FIA World Touring Car Cup (known as the FIA WTCR presented by Oscaro for sponsorship reasons) was the inaugural season of the World Touring Car Cup (WTCR). It took over from the World Touring Car Championship and adopted the TCR technical regulations. It was also the 14th overall season of the series that dates from the 2005 World Touring Car Championship. The change of name and new rules follow the declining interest in the TC1 regulations used by the World Touring Car Championship between 2014 and 2017 and the growing interest among manufacturers in the TCR touring car category.
St. Genevieve marble
St. Genevieve marble, also known as Ste. Genevieve marble, is an oolitic limestone (or "marble") found in Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri. It is part of the Archimedes Limestone formation.

It generally comes in two different types.  "St. Genevieve Rose" is the name for the marble which comes in deep red, greenish-gray, pink, and rose.  "St. Genevieve Gold Vein" is light or medium gray in color, with veins (running from buff to tan in color) running through it. Cross-sections of corals and crinoids can be seen in the Gold Vein type.

In the 1910s, it was widely considered the best "marble" found in the U.S. and known for its strength. It has been widely used in banks, churches, courthouses, government buildings, and other structures.

Tan (color)
Tan is a pale tone of brown. The name is derived from tannum (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.

The first documented usage of tan as a color name in English was in the year 1590.

Colors which are similar or may be considered synonymous to tan include: tawny, tenné, and fulvous.
Sathyaa
Sathyaa is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language gangster film directed by Suresh Krissna in his directorial debut and produced by Kamal Haasan under Raaj Kamal Films International. A remake of the 1985 Hindi film Arjun, the film stars Kamal Haasan, Amala Akkineni, Rajesh, Janagaraj, Bahadoor and Kitty.

Sathyaa was released on 29 January 1988 and became one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of the year. Kitty won the Cinema Express Award for Best Villain Actor. A spiritual successor titled Dha Dha 87 was released in 2019.

Raaj Kamal Films International
Raaj Kamal Films International is an Indian film production and distribution company founded and headed by Kamal Haasan.  Raja Paarvai (1981) was the first film to be produced by them under the banner "Haasan Brothers" before renaming it to Raaj Kamal Films International.
2011 Challengers League
The 2011 Challengers League was the fifth season of amateur K3 League. In this season, the K3 League was renamed the "Challengers League", and 16 clubs participated after Samcheok Shinwoo Electronics and Yongin Citizen withdrew from the league. The participating clubs were divided into two groups, and the winners and runners-up of both groups qualified for the championship playoffs. All clubs had interleague play once after playing home and away season in each group.

K3 League (2007–2019)
The K3 League (Korean: K3리그) was a South Korean amateur football league held annually from 2007 to 2019. It was considered the third-highest division of the South Korean football league system before the K League 2 was launched in 2013, and the fourth-highest division since then. In 2017, it was divided into K3 League Advanced and fifth-tier league K3 League Basic, and introduced a system of promotion and relegation. In 2020, it was reborn as a semi-professional league after merging with the Korea National League.
Erica reunionensis
Erica reunionensis is a species of flowering plant (angiosperms) in the heather family (Ericaceae). It is a shrub endemic to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean.

Erica reunionensis is the dominant treeline species in the mountains of Réunion.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
College Grove, Western Australia
College Grove is a suburb on the southern outskirts of Bunbury, Western Australia. Within the suburb there is the Bunbury Regional Hospital and St. John of God Bunbury Hospital on the South West Health Campus. The Edith Cowan University Bunbury Campus and South West Institute of Technology are also within College Grove.

Manea Park is a large natural reserve that offers a 2.2 km bush walk from College Grove and it was included as part of the Preston River to Ocean Regional Park in 2011. The bush walk is popular during Spring with over 30 species of orchid identified within the Park.

In the south-east of the suburb on the eastern side of Manea Park is the Bunbury Regional Prison.

Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury (/ˈbʌnbəɹɪ/ BUN-bə-REE; Noongar: Goomburrup) is a coastal city in the Australian state of Western Australia, approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It is the state's third most populous city after Perth and Mandurah, with a population of approximately 75,000.

Located at the south of the Leschenault Estuary, Bunbury was established in 1836 on the orders of Governor James Stirling, A port was constructed on the existing natural harbour soon after, and eventually became the main port for the wider South West region. Further economic growth was fuelled by completion of the South Western Railway in 1893, which linked Bunbury with Perth.

Greater Bunbury includes four local government areas (the City of Bunbury and the shires of Capel, Dardanup, and Harvey), and extends between Yarloop in the north, Boyanup to the south and Capel to the southwest.
Power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom that automates the weaving of cloth through leveraging mechanical power. It interlaces warp and weft threads via mechanisms like cams, gears, levers, and pulleys, replicating motions previously done manually. The mechanization of weaving dramatically increased production efficiency, contributing to the rise of large-scale textile factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Though the idea is older and experimentation predates him, Edmund Cartwright is credited with initiating power loom development with his 1785 patent. His initial versions were rudimentary but they pioneered automated weaving and laid the groundwork for factory-based production. By the early 19th century, improvements had made power looms reliable and widely adopted across Europe and North America, ushering in a new era of textile manufacturing. Cartwright’s invention marked the beginning of mechanized weaving, drastically reducing reliance on skilled handweavers.

James Henry Northrop
James Henry Northrop, (8 May 1856 – 12 December 1940) was born in Keighley, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom, where he worked in the textile industry. He emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1881. By 1898, working in Hopedale, Massachusetts for George Draper and Sons, Northrop had filed several hundred patents some of which were used in the Northrop Loom. He retired at 42. He died in Santa Ana, California on 12 December 1940, at 84.
Howard Sherman (cricketer)
Howard Richard Sherman (born 15 June 1943) is a former English cricketer.  Sherman was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born at Seven Kings, Essex.

Sherman made his first-class debut for Essex against Cambridge University in 1967.  He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1969 County Championship. In his thirteen first-class appearances, he scored 448 runs at a batting average of 24.88, with a high score of 66. This score, which was one of four half centuries he made, came against Nottinghamshire in 1967. He also made a single List A appearance against Somerset at Johnson Park in the 1969 Player's County League. He scored 2 runs in this match before being dismissed by Peter Robinson, with Somerset winning by 2 wickets.

1969 Player's County League
The 1969 Player's County League was the first competing of what was colloquially known as the Sunday League.  The second one-day league in England and Wales, it consisted of the seventeen first-class counties playing each other on Sunday afternoons throughout the season.  The competition was won by Lancashire County Cricket Club.
I Am David
I am David is a 1963 novel by Anne Holm. It tells the story of a young boy who, with the help of a prison guard, escapes from a concentration camp in an unnamed Eastern European country and journeys to Denmark. Along the way, he meets many people who teach him about life outside the concentration camp.

The book, originally written in Danish, has been translated into several languages, including Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, and German (all 1963), Dutch (1964), English (1965), Afrikaans (1982), and French (1986), and Konkani (1987). In the United States, the book was first called North to Freedom and "On the road to America", but it is now also being published as I am David. It was made into a film in 2003.

Labor camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, intended to abolish camps of forced labor.

In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals per se, but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes.
TT22
The Theban Tomb TT22 is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Wah, who was royal butler during the early Eighteenth Dynasty.

Wah also held the title of overseer of the ruyt, which was an entrance to the palace (per nesu). The overseer of the ruyt may have controlled access to the palace including the office of the vizier.

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty: 156  for the four pharaohs named Thutmose.

Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun (c. 1341 BC – c. 1323 BC). Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the "heretic pharaoh", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti.

The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among indigenous Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant women who ruled as pharaohs: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti.
Sinchon Massacre
The Sinchon Massacre (Korean: 신천 양민학살 사건; Hanja: 信川良民虐殺事件; lit. Sinchon Civilian Massacre) was a massacre of civilians between 17 October and 7 December 1950, in or near the town of Sinchon (currently part of South Hwanghae Province, North Korea). North Korean sources state the massacre was committed by the U.S. military and the South Korean army and that 30,000–35,383 people were killed in Sinchon. South Korean sources dispute who the perpetrators were and accuse both communists (the North Korean army) and a small group of right-wing vigilantes of the killings. Most of the victims were anti-communist residents of Sinchon, along with a small group of pro-communist residents. In South Korea, it is referred to as an anti-communist uprising. The event took place during the second phase of the Korean War and the retreat of the North Korean government from Hwanghae Province.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Folly (allegory)
Folly (Latin: Moria) was a common allegorical figure in medieval morality plays and in allegorical artwork through the Renaissance.  The depiction is generally of a young man, often similar in appearance to a jester or the tarot card, The Fool.  In contrast to the many obvious classical allusions in such works, the depictions owe little to the Greek goddess Atë.

In drama, the character tempts the protagonist into foolish action, successfully or not.  In an allegorical painting, the figure may be counterpoised to Prudence, representing a choice, or alone, representing the unwisdom of the actors in the painting.

The Fool (tarot card)
The Fool is one of the 78 cards in a tarot deck. Traditionally, it is the lowest of the 22 trump cards, in tarot card reading called the 22 Major Arcana. However, in tarot card games it developed to be not one of the (then 21) trump cards but a special card, serving a unique purpose by itself. In later Central European tarot card games, it re-developed to now become the highest trump. As a consequence and with respect to his unique history, The Fool is usually an unnumbered card with a unique design; but sometimes it is numbered as 0 (the first) or more rarely XXII (the last). Design and numbering-or-not clearly indicate its role as a trump or special card in the specific game.
Martin Koek
Martin Koek (born 31 October 1952) is a Dutch former professional tennis player.

A right-handed player, Koek reached a career high singles ranking of 555 in the world.

Koek is most notable for his appearance in the men's doubles main draw at the 1973 Australian Open. His partner was Australian veteran Frank Sedgman, who he had spent the summer training with.

During his career he won two Dutch national championships, one for mixed doubles in 1979 and the other a men's doubles title in 1983.

1973 Australian Open
The 1973 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne in Australia and was held from 26 December 1972 to 1 January 1973.  It was the 61st edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year.
Ugra (Oka)
The Ugra (Russian: Угра́) is a river in Smolensk and Kaluga Oblasts in Russia, left tributary of the Oka. The east-flowing Ugra joins the north-flowing Oka at Kaluga and the united river, called the Oka, continues east to the Volga.  In the 16th century, the Ugra-Oka confluence was the western end of a line of forts protecting Muscovy from Tatar raids. The river is known for the Great stand on the Ugra River. Its length is 399 kilometres (248 mi) and its basin 15,700 square kilometres (6,100 sq mi). It is frozen from late November (sometimes as late as January) until the end of March. 60% of its annual flow is snowmelt, mostly in April.

A part of the valley of the Ugra located in Kaluga Oblast belongs to Ugra National Park.

Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").
Holy Name Church (Columbus, Ohio)
Holy Name Church is a Catholic church and diocesan shrine, the seat of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Star of the New Evangelization Parish in Columbus, Ohio. It is part of the Diocese of Columbus and located just north of the campus of the Ohio State University.

The parish was erected in 1905, and the current Byzantine-Romanesque church was dedicated in 1927. In 2001, it became the site of Masses for Santa Cruz parish, a personal parish for Latin-American Catholics in Franklin County, and in 2024 it was designated as a diocesan shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe.

Shrines to Mary, mother of Jesus
A shrine to the Virgin Mary, or Marian shrine, is a shrine marking an apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site centered on historically strong Marian devotions. Such locales are often the destinations of Christian pilgrimages.
Frederick Simpson Deitrick
Frederick Simpson Deitrick (April 9, 1875 – May 24, 1948) was a U.S. representative from Massachusetts.

Born in New Brighton, Pennsylvania, Deitrick attended the public schools. He graduated from Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, in 1895 and from Harvard Law School in 1898. After being admitted to the bar in 1899, Deitrick commenced practice in Boston. He served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1902 to 1905 and as member of the board of aldermen of Cambridge in 1908 and 1909.

Deitrick was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915) and after an unsuccessful candidacy for reelection in 1914, he resumed practicing law in Boston. He died in Middleton on May 24, 1948, and was interred in Cambridge at Mount Auburn Cemetery.

Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania
Beaver Falls is a city in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,005 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Beaver River 6 miles (9.7 km) north of its confluence with the Ohio River. It is 31 miles (50 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Porthmadog railway station
Porthmadog railway station serves the town of Porthmadog on the Llŷn Peninsula in Gwynedd, Wales. The station is on the Cambrian Coast Railway with passenger services to Pwllheli, Harlech, Barmouth, Machynlleth, Shrewsbury and Birmingham.

Pwllheli
Pwllheli (Welsh: [pʊɬˈhɛli] ; listenⓘ) is a market town and community on the Llŷn Peninsula (Welsh: Penrhyn Llŷn), in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It had a population of 4,076 in 2011, which declined slightly to 3,947 in 2021; a large proportion (81%) were Welsh speaking. Pwllheli is the place where Plaid Cymru was founded. It is the birthplace of the Welsh poet Sir Albert Evans-Jones (bardic name Cynan).

Pwllheli has a range of shops and other services. As a local railhead with a market every Wednesday, the town is a gathering point for the peninsula's population.
Calcagno
Calcagno is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Domenico Calcagno (born 1943), Italian cardinal

Eric Calcagno (born 1967), Argentine sociologist, journalist, diplomat and politician

Fortunato Calcagno (1900–1966), Italian lawyer, politician and officer

Francesco Calcagno (1528–1550), Franciscan friar

Giuseppa Bolognara Calcagno (1826–1884), Italian revolutionary

Lawrence Calcagno (1913–1993), American painter

Raimundo Calcagno (1906–1982), Argentine film critic, journalist and screenwriter

Robert Calcagno (born 1960), Monegasque politician

Umberto Calcagno (born 1970), Italian footballer

Francesco Calcagno
Francesco Calcagno (Brescia, 1 February 1528 – Brescia, 23 December 1550) was a young Italian Friar Minor who was accused of blasphemy and both practising and promoting sodomy by the Venetian Inquisition. He justified this by claiming that Jesus Christ had been in a homosexual relationship. After being convicted of these charges, he was executed for them.