hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
I Am Changing
"I Am Changing" is a song from the second act of the long-running Broadway musical Dreamgirls. Written by Henry Krieger and Tom Eyen, the song was performed by the character Effie White, originally portrayed on Broadway by Jennifer Holliday.

Tom Eyen
Tom Eyen (August 14, 1940 – May 26, 1991) was an American playwright, lyricist, television writer and director. He received a Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for Dreamgirls in 1981.

Eyen is best known for works at opposite ends of the theatrical spectrum. Mainstream theatergoers became acquainted with him in 1981, when he partnered with composer Henry Krieger and director Michael Bennett to write the book and lyrics for the hit Broadway musical Dreamgirls, about an African-American female singing trio, which was made into a 2006 film. Eyen's career started, however, with experimental theatre that he wrote and directed off-off Broadway in the 1960s. This led to his off-Broadway success with The Dirtiest Show in Town (1970), a musical revue with nudity, and Women Behind Bars (1975), a camp parody of women's prison exploitation films. Eyen died of AIDS-related complications in Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 50.
Ouvrage Monte Grosso
Ouvrage Monte Grosso is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage consists of one entry block, four artillery blocks and two observation blocks facing Italy.  It was the largest ouvrage in the Alps It is part of the fortifications surrounding Sospel, which protect the approaches to Nice from the north.

Sospel
Sospel (French pronunciation: [sɔspɛl]; Mentonasc: Sospèl; Italian: Sospello) is a commune (municipality) and former schismatic episcopal seat (1381-1418) in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France near the Italian border and not far from Monte Carlo. And, from 1912 to 1932, Sospel even had a tramway system from Menton which had a length of 17,279 meters.
German submarine U-521
German submarine U-521 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was built by the Deutsche Werft yard at Finkenwerder, Hamburg with yard number 336. Commissioned in June 1942, she was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Klaus Bargsten.

The U-boat was assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training and the 2nd flotilla for operations.

U-521 was sunk on 2 June 1943 by the submarine chaser USS Gilmer. The only survivor was Bargsten himself. This was the second boat under Bargsten's command, and the first that suffered heavy losses. The wreck of the submarine has never been found.

2nd U-boat Flotilla
The 2nd U-boat Flotilla (German 2. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as the Saltzwedel Flotilla, was the second operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 1 September 1936 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Werner Scheer, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel. Saltzwedel, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 2 December 1917, when his submarine UB-81 was sunk by a mine in the English Channel.

The flotilla was based in Kiel for the first few weeks after its formation, but was later moved to Wilhelmshaven, where it remained until May 1940. In June 1940, the flotilla was moved to Lorient in France until it was disbanded in August 1944.
Haematopota subcylindrica
Haematopota subcylindrica is a species of horse-flies that can be found in such European countries as Austria, Belgium, Great Britain including the Isle of Man, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and in all states of former Yugoslavia (except for North Macedonia). It can also be found in Near East including Middle East.

Britain I.
Britain I. is a distribution area defined in the Fauna Europaea database. It comprises the island of Great Britain and all surrounding islands and island groups including Orkney, Shetland, the Outer and Inner Hebrides, Anglesey and the Isles of Scilly. The Isle of Man is also included in the distribution area.

The following territories have their own defined distribution areas and are not included in Britain I.:

Northern Ireland

Republic of Ireland

Channel Islands
Minister of Aircraft Production
The Minister of Aircraft Production was, from 1940 to 1945, the British government minister at the Ministry of Aircraft Production, one of the specialised supply ministries set up by the British Government during World War II. It was responsible for aircraft production for the British forces, primarily the Royal Air Force, but also the Fleet Air Arm.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
Gottfried Haberler
Gottfried Haberler (Austrian German: [ˈhaːbɐlɐ]; July 20, 1900 – May 6, 1995; until 1919 Gottfried von Haberler) was an Austrian-American economist. 
He worked in particular on international trade. One of his major contributions was reformulating the Ricardian idea of comparative advantage in a neoclassical framework, abandoning the labor theory of value for an opportunity cost concept.

Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.

Neoclassical economics is the dominant approach to microeconomics and, together with Keynesian economics, formed the neoclassical synthesis which dominated mainstream economics as "neo-Keynesian economics" from the 1950s onward.
Punathil Kunjabdulla
Punathil Kunjabdulla (3 April 1940 – 27 October 2017) was an Indian writer from Kerala. A medical doctor by profession, Kunjabdulla was a practitioner of the avant-garde in Malayalam literature. His work includes more than 45 books, including 7 novels, 15 short story collections, memoirs, an autobiography and travelogues. His work Smarakasilakal (Memorial Stones) won the Central and State Akademi Awards.

Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi is an organisation recognised as India's "National Academy of Letters", dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India. Founded on 12 March 1954, it is supported by, though independent of, the Indian government. Its office is located in Rabindra Bhavan near Mandi House in Delhi.

The Sahitya Akademi organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature; and presents the annual Sahitya Akademi Award of INR. 100,000 in each of the 24 languages it supports, as well as the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement.

The Sahitya Akademi Library is one of the largest multi-lingual libraries in India, with a rich collection of books on literature and allied subjects.

It publishes two bimonthly literary journals: Indian Literature in English and Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya in Hindi.
Mateusz Janik
Mateusz Janik (born 20 November 1995) is a Polish biathlete. He has competed in the Biathlon World Cup, and represented Poland at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 and Biathlon World Championships 2016.

Biathlon World Championships 2016
The 48th Biathlon World Championships was held in Oslo, Norway from 3 to 13 March 2016.

There were 11 competitions in total: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, relay races for men and women, and mixed relay. All the events during this championships also counted towards the Biathlon World Cup.
Salvesen
Salvesen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alastair Salvesen (1941–2024), British billionaire businessman

Anton Salvesen (1927–1994), Norwegian luger

Edward Theodore Salvesen (1857–1942), Scottish lawyer, politician and judge

Guy Salvesen, South African-born biochemist

Harald Salvesen (1889–1972), Norwegian medical doctor, internist and academic

Harold Salvesen (1897–1970), British businessman

Henry Adolph Salvesen (1860–1924), Scottish mechanical engineer and naval architect

Jens Salvesen (1883–1976), Norwegian sailor

Kjartan Salvesen (born 1976), Norwegian reality TV personality

Lars-Jørgen Salvesen (born 1996), Norwegian footballer

Salve Andreas Salvesen (1909–1975), Norwegian politician

Sylvia Salvesen (1890–1973), World War II resistance member

Theodore Salvesen (1863–1942), Scottish soldier, businessman, and owner of Christian Salvesen

Kjartan Salvesen
Kjartan Salvesen (born 17 October 1976) is a Norwegian singer. He was born in Sandnes. In 2004, he won the second season of Norwegian version of Idol by 840.000 votes, the highest number for any participant on the show. His single "Standing Tall" sold 5 times platinum, making it the most sold single of all time in Norway. He later released a self-titled album that sold platinum. He is also known to be a big fan of Viking FK and appeared in a performance on the opening of Viking Stadion.

He has also played in the highest Norwegian league in floorball.
Saturation fire
Saturation fire is a saturation attack using an intense level of artillery bombardment or rapid direct fire (from automatic weapons such as machine guns, autocannons or rotary guns) that is designed to overwhelm a target area with lethal firepower, for the purpose of suppression, area denial or mass destruction of the enemy.

Area denial weapon
An area denial weapon is a war offensive and defensive device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in preventing passage, but is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down, or endanger the opponent. Some area denial weapons pose risks to civilians entering the area even long after combat has ended,  and consequently are often controversial.
An area denial weapon can be part of an anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) strategy.
Ich armer Mensch, ich Sündenknecht, BWV 55
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Ich armer Mensch, ich Sündenknecht (I, wretched man, a servant to sin), BWV 55, in Leipzig for the 22nd Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 17 November 1726.

Trinity Sunday
Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Western Christian liturgical calendar, and the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity. Trinity Sunday celebrates the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, the three Persons of God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Industrial snow
Industrial snow occurs near sources of heat, moisture and atmospheric particulate matter. It usually occurs at nighttime, in a combination of freezing temperatures, stagnant low stratus cloud or fog, and a temperature inversion. It falls from a low altitude as fine spikes of ice, having not had time to grow to the more usual shaped snowflake.

It has been observed in Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Northern Italy (where it is referred to as neve chimica, "chemical snow"), Hungary, in Canada (where it was referred to as refinery snow, or plant snow), the United Kingdom, and Texas.

Stratus cloud
Stratus clouds are  low-level clouds characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform  base, as opposed to convective or cumuliform clouds formed by rising thermals. The term stratus describes flat, hazy, featureless clouds at low altitudes varying in color from dark gray to nearly white. The word stratus is derived from the prefix Strato- meaning 'layer'. Stratus clouds may produce a light drizzle or a small amount of snow. These clouds are essentially above-ground fog formed either through the lifting of morning fog or through cold air moving at low altitudes. Some call these clouds "high fog" for their fog-like form.
Citroën C3 Aircross
The Citroën C3 Aircross is a nameplate designated to several vehicles produced under the Citroën marque, by the French automaker PSA Group, and later Stellantis.

The first vehicle using the nameplate was the Brazilian version of the C3 Picasso MPV, decorated to mimic an SUV exterior design, which was produced between 2010 and 2020. It was renamed to the Citroën Aircross in 2016.

In 2017, the second vehicle using this nameplate was released in Europe, It is an urban SUV that replaced the C3 Picasso. In 2023, the nameplate was also used for a larger SUV for emerging markets such as India and South America with optional third row seating.

Latin NCAP
The Latin New Car Assessment Programme (Latin NCAP) is an automobile safety assessment programme for Latin America and the Caribbean. Founded in 2010, it offers independent information to consumers about the safety levels of new cars in the market. Latin NCAP tests are based in international renowned methodologies, with vehicles awarded a safety rating between 0 and 5 stars, indicating the protection the cars offer to adult and child occupants. The programme started as a joint initiative and in 2014 it was established as an association under a legal entity framework.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Concho County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Concho County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Concho County, Texas. There are four properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is both a State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
2025 China Open – Men's doubles
Harri Heliövaara and Henry Patten defeated Karen Khachanov and Andrey Rublev in the final, 4–6, 6–3, [10–8] to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2025 China Open.

Simone Bolelli and Andrea Vavassori were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Benjamin Bonzi and Tallon Griekspoor.

Andrea Vavassori
Andrea Vavassori (Italian pronunciation: [anˈdrɛːa vavasˈsoːri]; born 5 May 1995) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 6, achieved on 14 October 2024, and a singles ranking of world No. 128, achieved on 19 June 2023. Vavassori is a mixed doubles Grand Slam champion with Sara Errani, lifting the titles at the 2024 US Open, at the 2025 French Open, and at the 2025 US Open. He also reached three major finals with Simone Bolelli at the 2024 and the 2025 Australian Open, and at the 2024 French Open. Vavassori was part of the Italian team that won the 2024 and 2025 Davis Cups.
Leobschützer Kreisblatt
Leobschützer Kreisblatt (lit.: Leobschütz District Paper) was a weekly local newspaper based in the Leobschütz District in the south-west of the Oppeln Region.

The Leobschützer Kreisblatt was printed by W. Wittkes Buchdruckerei  and co-published by the Der Landrat. Red.. Printing commenced in 1843.

In 1920 the Leobschützer Kreisblatt underwent crucial changes, such as simplification of its logo and the transition from an exclusively German newspaper over to a split-page bilingual German-Polish newspaper, perhaps in relation to the Upper Silesian Plebiscite. 
This new format was upheld until the magazine's discontinuation in 1922.

Logo
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; from Ancient Greek  λόγος (lógos) 'word, speech' and  τύπος (túpos) 'mark, imprint') is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a wordmark.

In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.
71st United States Congress
The 71st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislature of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1929, to March 4, 1931, during the first two years of Herbert Hoover's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.

Both the House and Senate remained under Republican control, with increased majorities in each chamber. And with Herbert Hoover being sworn in as president on March 4, 1929, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

The 71st Congress also featured the most special elections of any Congress with 27 in all.

Government trifecta
In the politics of the United States, a government trifecta is a political situation in which the same political party controls the presidency and both chambers of Congress. The term is primarily used in the United States, where it originated, and is borrowed from horse race betting.

Government trifectas are seen as beneficial by some and as undesirable by others. Those in favor argue that government trifectas are efficient and avoid gridlocks. Opponents argue that trifectas discourage policing of those in power by the opposition and that they do not limit spending and the expansion of undesirable laws, which sometimes can even trigger democratic backsliding. Opponents also argue that government trifectas do not tend to lead to compromise since one party can simply implement its goals unopposed. Consequently, the incumbent party may alter the structure of executive agencies to prepare for when it is bound to lose its incumbency.
Halestorm (album)
Halestorm is the debut studio album by American rock band Halestorm. It was released in 2009 by Atlantic Records. The record was produced by Howard Benson and includes a collaboration with Evanescence's former member Ben Moody as a co-writer on the track "Innocence". Halestorm received generally mixed reviews from music critics. Commercially, the album was a modest success, debuting at number 40 on the US Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA. The first single from the album, "I Get Off" received considerable play time and peaked at 17 on the Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. The 10th Anniversary Edition was released on December 20, 2019.

Ben Moody
Benjamin Moody (born January 22, 1981) is an American guitarist, songwriter and record producer. He co-founded rock band Evanescence, which he departed in 2003 after the release of their debut album Fallen (2003). After leaving Evanescence, Moody co-wrote and co-produced songs for Kelly Clarkson, Avril Lavigne, Anastacia, Lindsay Lohan, Bo Bice, Daughtry, and Celine Dion.
Cheng Ji (Wuyue)
Xian Ji (c. 847–913, courtesy name Hongji), known as Cheng Ji before 908, was a general during the late Tang dynasty and early Wuyue kingdom, serving as a chief strategist for Qian Liu, Wuyue's first king. Cheng Ji was very close to Qian Liu, and his son Cheng Rensu married Qian Liu's daughter.

Cheng Ji was captured by warlord Yang Xingmi in 896 but refused to submit. He was eventually returned to Qian Liu.

Yang Xingmi
Yang Xingmi (Chinese: 楊行密; 852 – December 24, 905), né Yang Xingmin (楊行愍, name changed 886), courtesy name Huayuan (化源), formally Prince Wuzhong of Wu (吳武忠王, "martial and faithful"), later posthumously honored King Xiaowu of Wu (吳孝武王, "filial and martial") then Emperor Wu of Wu (吳武帝) with the temple name of Taizu (太祖), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He was the military governor (jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, whose takeover of Huainan and several nearby circuits allowed him and his family to rule over territory that would eventually become the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms state Wu (although Yang Xingmi would be the first ruler in his line to receive the title of Prince of Wu, it was a Tang-bestowed title and did not denote independence of the state), including most of modern Jiangsu and Anhui and parts of modern Jiangxi and Hubei.
Schaap
Schaap is a Dutch metonymic surname meaning "sheep". Notable people with the surname include:

Annet Schaap (born 1965), Dutch illustrator and writer

Christopher Schaap (born 1991), American filmmaker

Dick Schaap (1934–2001), American sportswriter, broadcaster and author

Fritz Schaap (born 1981), German Journalist, war reporter

Jan Schaap (1893–1963), early Dutch scoutmaster

Jeremy Schaap (born 1969), American sportswriter, television reporter

Michael Schaap (1874–1957), New York assemblyman, and president of Bloomingdale's

Paul Schaap (born 1950), Dutch whistleblower and journalist

Peter Schaap (1946–2025), Dutch singer and writer

Phil Schaap (1951–2021), American jazz radio personality

Ruud Schaap (born 1946), Dutch singer and guitarist

Paul Schaap
P.A. (Paul) Schaap (Wageningen, 31 January 1950) is a former Dutch military soldier and former employee at the nuclear reactor in Petten. He became well known as a whistleblower within the nuclear reactor Petten. Nowadays Schaap works as a journalist.
Terry Buck
Terence William Buck (6 July 1943 – 7 March 2005) was an Australian swimmer and coach. He represented Australia at the 1964 Summer Olympics in the 400m individual medley and placed eighth. He was the first Australian swimmer to first participate at the Olympics as both an athlete and a coach. He was head coach in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and team manager in 1992 and 1996. Buck was also a surf lifesaver and a life member of the Clovelly Surf Club in New South Wales. He died in a tractor accident on his farm, leaving behind his wife Laraine and three daughters.

Clovelly, New South Wales
Clovelly is a small beach-side suburb in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Clovelly is located 8 kilometres south-east of the Sydney central business district.

Clovelly is a mainly residential suburb on Clovelly Bay. Clovelly Beach is a small beach that sits on the end of the narrow bay. The bay is popular with swimmers. The bay is home to one of the first surf lifesaving clubs in the world, Clovelly Surf Life Saving Club, which was founded in 1906.