hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2007 Basilan beheading incident
6°29′51″N 122°7′7″E﻿ / ﻿6.49750°N 122.11861°E﻿ / 6.49750; 122.11861

The 2007 Basilan beheading incident was an armed incident that took place in July 2007 between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels and the Philippine Army. The incident led to the execution of 14 or 23 members of the Philippine Marines; amongst them 11 were beheaded in the province of Basilan, which is located within the southern Philippines.

Philippine Army
The Philippine Army (PA) (Filipino: Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), responsible for ground warfare. As of 2025, it had an estimated strength of 110,000 personnel. The service branch was established on December 21, 1935, as the Army of the Philippines.

The Philippine Army has been engaged in numerous combat operations, including the ongoing Communist rebellion in the Philippines, the Moro conflict and, alongside other national military forces, in conflicts of international scope and on United Nations peacekeeping missions in various parts of the globe.

The Commanding General of the Philippine Army is its professional and overall head. Its main headquarters (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA) is located at Fort Andres Bonifacio, Taguig City.
1,1'-Ferrocenedicarboxylic acid
1,1'-Ferrocenedicarboxylic acid is the organoiron compound with the formula Fe(C5H4CO2H)2.  It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid derivative of ferrocene.  It is a yellow solid that is soluble in aqueous base. The 1,1' part of its name refers to the location of the carboxylic acid groups on separate rings.

It can be prepared by hydrolysis of its diesters Fe(C5H4CO2R)2 (R = Me, Et), which in turn are obtained by treatment of ferrous chloride with the sodium salt of the carboxyester of cyclopentadienide (C5H4CO2R)−.  Ferrocenedicarboxylic acid is the precursor to many derivatives such as the diacid chloride, the diisocyanate, the diamide, and diamine, respectively,  Fe(C5H4COCl)2,  Fe(C5H4NCO)2,  Fe(C5H4CONH2)2, and Fe(C5H4NH2)2.

Derivatives of ferrocenedicarboxylic acid are components of some redox switches and redox active coatings.

Diamine
A diamine is an amine with two amino groups. Diamines are used as monomers to prepare polyamides, polyimides, and polyureas. The term diamine refers mostly to primary diamines, as those are the most reactive.
Asperdaphne ula
Asperdaphne ula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

Robert Boog Watson wrote the species description in 1881. The specific name ula name comes from the Greek word οὖλος 'crisp'. Its type locality is north east of New Zealand at 37°34′S 179°22′E﻿ / ﻿37.567°S 179.367°E﻿ / -37.567; 179.367 at a depth of 700 fathoms (4,200 ft; 1,300 m).

Robert Boog Watson
Robert Boog Watson FRSE (26 September 1823 – 23 June 1910) was a Scottish malacologist and minister of the Free Church of Scotland best known as the author of the report on the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition to survey the world's oceans from 1873 to 1876.  Watson also described various Opisthobranchia from Madeira.
PE postcode area
The PE postcode area, also known as the Peterborough postcode area, is a group of thirty-six postcode districts in eastern England, within 18 post towns. These cover north and west Cambridgeshire (including Peterborough, Huntingdon, Chatteris, St. Neots, St. Ives, March and Wisbech), much of south and east Lincolnshire (including Bourne, Stamford, Spalding, Boston, Skegness and Spilsby), and west Norfolk (including King's Lynn, Hunstanton, Sandringham, Swaffham and Downham Market), plus the north-easternmost part of Northamptonshire, the easternmost part of Rutland and very small parts of Bedfordshire.

St Neots
St Neots (/sənt ˈniːəts/) is a town and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is 18 miles (29 km) west of Cambridge. The areas of Eynesbury, Eaton Ford, Eaton Socon, Love's Farm and Wintringham form part of the town.

The town centre lies on the eastern bank of the River Great Ouse. The town is close to the A1 road (north-south), as well as the A421 and A428 roads which link Cambridge to Bedford and Milton Keynes. St Neots railway station is on the Great Northern route between London and Peterborough. St Neots had a population of 33,410 in 2021.
Christel Meinel
Christel Meinel (born December 24, 1957) is a former East German cross-country skier who competed during the late 1970s. She won a silver medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1978 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti and finished fifth in the 5 km at those same championships. She competed for SC Dynamo Klingenthal.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1978
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1978 took place February 18–26, 1978 in Lahti, Finland. This was Lahti's record fourth time hosting the event after previously doing so in 1926, 1938, and 1958. The women's 20 km event was added.
Manku Thimma
Manku Thimma (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Dwarakish, Manjula, Srinath, Padmapriya and Hema Chowdhary. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra. It is a remake of the 1969 Telugu film Sattekalapu Satteya which was also remade in Hindi in 1970 as Mastana starring Mehmood and in Tamil in 1970 as Patham Pasali starring Nagesh.

H. R. Bhargava
Hunsur Ramachandra Bhagyachandra (Kannada: ಹು. ರಾ. ಭಾರ್ಗವ), known mononymously as Bhargava, is an Indian film director who worked primarily in Kannada cinema. Originally a producer, he came to be considered one of the best directors in Kannada cinema, and he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award, the highest award in Kannada cinema, in 2012. He has directed 50 films.
& Yet & Yet
& Yet & Yet is the third album by Canadian post-rock band Do Make Say Think. It was released on March 18, 2002 by Constellation Records.

"Chinatown" was featured on the soundtrack for Stephen Gaghan's Syriana.

Stephen Gaghan
Stephen Gaghan (/ˈɡeɪɡən/ GAY-gən; born May 6, 1965) is an American screenwriter and director. He is noted for writing the screenplay for Steven Soderbergh's film Traffic, based on a Channel 4 series, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as Syriana which he wrote and directed. He also wrote and directed the thriller Abandon and the family film Dolittle, and directed the drama Gold.
Gordon Smith (cricketer)
Gordon Murray Smith (born 3 April 1949) is a Scottish former cricketer and educator.

Smith was born at Glasgow in April 1949 and later studied at Jordanhill College. A club cricketer for the West of Scotland Cricket Club, Smith played in three List A one-day matches for Scotland in the 1980 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his debut at Glasgow against Leicestershire in what was Scotland's inaugural List A match; his following two appearances came against Derbyshire at Glasgow, and Lancashire at Old Trafford. As a bowler in the Scottish side, Smith struggled against first-class county opposition, going wicketless in his three matches. Outside of cricket, Smith was by profession a schoolteacher. In 2012, he was president of the West of Scotland Cricket Club.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Timeline of Tamil sexual minorities
The following list is a partially completed compilation of events considered to have a profound effect on the welfare or image of Tamil sexual minorities. The use of bold typeface indicates that the event is widely considered to be landmark:

American College, Madurai
The American College, often referred to as American College, is one of the oldest colleges in India, located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. It was founded in 1881 by American Christian missionaries. The red-brick buildings, in the Saracenic style, blend with the natural surroundings constructed by British architect Henry Irwin. Century-old buildings Main Hall, James Hall and Washburn Hall show the heritage of the college.

The college is ranked 54th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.
Concentration (Australian game show)
Concentration is a game show series that aired on Australian television networks.  The game show based on the children's memory game of the same name. Matching cards represented prizes that contestants could win. As matching pairs of cards were gradually removed from the board, it would slowly reveal elements of a rebus puzzle that contestants had to solve to win a match.
It aired on the Nine Network in 1959 until 1967 later aired on the Seven Network in 1970 until revived in 1997. It was hosted by Philip Brady, then in the 1970s with Lionel Williams, and then again in 1997 with Mike Hammond.

Rebus
A rebus (/ˈriːbəs/ REE-bəss) is a puzzle device that combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words or phrases. For example, the word "been" might be depicted by a rebus showing an illustrated bumblebee next to a plus sign (+) and the letter "n".

It was a favourite form of heraldic expression used in the Middle Ages to denote surnames. For example, in its basic form, three salmon (fish) are used to denote the surname "Salmon". A more sophisticated example was the rebus of Bishop Walter Lyhart (d. 1472) of Norwich, consisting of a stag (or hart) lying down in a conventional representation of water. The composition alludes to the name, profession or personal characteristics of the bearer, and speaks to the beholder Non verbis, sed rebus, which Latin expression signifies "not by words but by things" (res, rei (f), a thing, object, matter; rebus being ablative plural).
Taylor Booth (mathematician)
Taylor Lockwood Booth (September 22, 1933 – October 20, 1986) was a mathematician known for his work in automata theory.

One of his fundamental works is Sequential Machines and Automata Theory (1967). It is a wide-ranging book meant for specialists, written for both theoretical computer scientists as well as electrical engineers. It deals with state minimization techniques, finite-state machines, Turing machines, Markov processes, and undecidability.

Minimal realization
In control theory, given any transfer function, any state-space model that is both controllable and observable and has the same input-output behaviour as the transfer function is said to be a minimal realization of the transfer function.  The realization is called "minimal" because it describes the system with the minimum number of states.

The minimum number of state variables required to describe a system equals the order of the differential equation; more state variables than the minimum can be defined. For example, a second order system can be defined by two or more state variables, with two being the minimal realization.
Hadrian's Wall Path
Hadrian's Wall Path is a long-distance footpath in the north of England, which became the 15th National Trail in 2003. It runs for 84 miles (135 km), from Wallsend on the east coast of England to Bowness-on-Solway on the west coast. For most of its length it is close to the remains of Hadrian's Wall, the defensive wall built by the Romans on the northern border of their empire. This is now recognised as part of the "Frontiers of the Roman Empire" World Heritage Site.

Limes (Roman Empire)
Limes (Latin; sg., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
Carlos Staiger
Carlos Staiger (born Karl Staiger; 1907 in Eningen unter Achalm – 1997 in Porto Alegre) was an entrepreneur in the industrial and agricultural economic sectors.

He emigrated from Germany to Brazil in the 1930s.

Staiger also founded several important associations and wrote a book named O Capital Humano.

Eningen
Eningen (full name Eningen unter Achalm [ˈeːnɪŋən ʔʊntɐ ˈʔaxalm], lit. 'Eningen under Achalm'; Swabian: Ẽnenga ondr dr Achl) is a municipality in the district of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated at the foot of the Swabian Alps and near the big cities of Reutlingen and Stuttgart. Although it has a considerable population with around 10,800 inhabitants, its structure is considered to be more the one of a village. The most important annual events include the Dorffest, the village festivity, the Krämerfest, and the Weihnachtsmarkt (the Christmas market). Eningen is surrounded by free-standing hills of the Achalm and the Swabian Alps with landscape full of dark green forests and cliffs. This makes volksmarching, hiking and biking popular.
Penang betta
The Penang betta (Betta pugnax)—also known as Sepilai, the Malayan forest betta, or Malayan betta—is a species of gourami native to Southeast Asia and common in swiftly flowing forest streams of the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Sumatra, and the Riau Islands. It can be found amongst the vegetation growing along the banks. This species can reach a length of 6.7 centimetres (2.6 in) SL. It is one of the mouthbrooding Betta species. This species, as a natural predator of mosquito larvae, has found use in mosquito control efforts. Prior to its being eclipsed in Western public recognition by the mass-imported B. splendens (the Siamese fighting fish), B. pugnax was well known as a fighting fish, as denoted by the specific epithet of pugnax.

Mosquito control
Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment. Control strategies range from habitat modification and chemical insecticides to biological agents and mechanical traps. Rising global temperatures have expanded mosquito habitats and disease risks, prompting a greater focus on community-led education programs to play key roles in reducing breeding grounds and tracking mosquito populations.
Echo and Narcissus
Echo and Narcissus is a myth from Ovid's Metamorphoses, a Roman mythological epic from the Augustan Age. The introduction of the mountain nymph, Echo, into the story of Narcissus, the beautiful youth who rejected Echo and fell in love with his own reflection, appears to have been Ovid's invention. Ovid's version influenced the presentation of the myth in later Western art and literature.

Oread
In Greek mythology, Oreads (/ˈɔːriˌæd, ˈɔːriəd/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρειάς, romanized: Oreiás) or Orestiads (/ɔːˈrɛstiˌæd, -iəd/; Ὀρεστιάδες, Orestiádes) are mountain nymphs. They are described as being companions of Artemis, or as being found alongside gods such as Pan or Dionysus.

A 2nd-century AD epigram relates that, with the help of the daughters of Nilus, they erected a place of worship in honour of the woman Isidora, who died by drowning.
Manning, Lee and Moore Law Office
The Manning, Lee and Moore Law Office is a historic office building at 109 Court Street in Clarendon, Arkansas.  Built in 1895, it has served continuously since then as an office building for lawyers.  It originally stood on 2nd Street opposite the courthouse, and was moved to its present location in 1899, at which time its rear ell was added.  The building features distinctive Queen Anne styling, including a wraparound porch with spindle work and applied Stick style woodwork in the gable.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Clarendon, Arkansas
Clarendon is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. Located in the Arkansas Delta, the city's position on the White River at the mouth of the Cache River has defined the community since first incorporating in 1859. Although the river has brought devastation and disaster to the city occasionally throughout history, it has also provided economic opportunities, transportation, recreation and tourism to the city.

Once home to a variety of industries, today Clarendon's economy is largely based on agriculture. Similar to many Delta communities, the city's population has been dwindling since mechanization on the farm reduced the number of agricultural-related jobs in the area. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,526, the lowest value recorded since 1890.
Russian Assembly
The Russian Assembly (Russian: Русское собрание) was a Russian loyalist, right-wing, monarchist political group (party). It was founded in Saint Petersburg in October−November 1900, and dismissed in 1917. It was led by Prince Dmitry Golitsyn. It opposed liberal western parliamentarianism, and advocated 'the old formula of Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationality'.

It consisted mainly of right-wing officers and civil-servants in St. Petersburg.

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.
Spark Joshi Atlantic Championship
The Spark Joshi Atlantic Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship  owned by the Spark Joshi Puroresu of America promotion. The title was introduced on October 14, 2023, when Saki became the inaugural champion by defeating Maya Yukihi in a decision match.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.
Shéhérazade (Ravel)
Shéhérazade is the title of two works by the French composer Maurice Ravel. Both have their origins in the composer's fascination with Scheherazade, the heroine and narrator of The Arabian Nights. The first work, an overture (1898), Ravel's earliest surviving orchestral piece, was not well received at its premiere and has not subsequently been among his most popular works. Four years later he had a much greater success with a song cycle with the same title, which has remained a standard repertoire piece and has been recorded many times.

Both settings are influenced by Russian composers, particularly Rimsky-Korsakov, who had written a symphonic suite based on Scheherazade in 1888. The first composition was heavily influenced by Russian music, the second used a text inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's symphonic poem. The musical relation between the overture and the song cycle is tenuous.

Suzanne Danco
Suzanne Danco (22 January 1911 – 10 August 2000) was a Belgian international soprano whose career encompassed the opera stages of Europe from Mozart to 20th century roles, recitals, recordings of opera and songs, and later teaching.
Picasso clownfish
The Picasso clownfish is a genetically variant tropical marine fish of the Amphiprion percula species. This fish has been bred over time to produce a color pattern that is very different from the original. They have been raised to allow the stripes to form irregular patterns. These variations are rare in each batch of eggs and therefore demand a premium price.

Some of these fish have such a pattern that they are entirely covered in white and are called Platinums.

Snowcasso® is a registered trademark belonging to a breeder that raises mostly white A. percula clownfish with dark patterns throughout (not solid white like the Platinums).

Tropical fish
Tropical fish are fish found in aquatic tropical environments around the world. Fishkeepers often keep tropical fish in freshwater and saltwater aquariums. The term "tropical fish" is not a taxonomic group, but rather is a general term for fish found in such environments, particularly those kept in aquariums.
Houston, Houston, Do You Read?
"Houston, Houston, Do You Read?" is a novella by James Tiptree Jr. (pseudonym of Alice Sheldon). It won a Nebula Award for Best Novella and a Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1977.

The novella first appeared in the anthology Aurora: Beyond Equality, edited by Vonda N. McIntyre and Susan J. Anderson, published by Fawcett in May 1976. It was subsequently reprinted several times (amongst others in the James Tiptree collections Star Songs of an Old Primate in 1978 and Her Smoke Rose Up Forever in 1990) and in 1989 was published in a Tor Doubles mass market paperback (number eleven in that series) with the flipside novella "Souls" by Joanna Russ.

Joanna Russ
Joanna Russ (February 22, 1937 – April 29, 2011) was an American writer, academic and feminist. She is the author of a number of works of science fiction, fantasy and feminist literary criticism such as How to Suppress Women's Writing, as well as a contemporary novel, On Strike Against God, and one children's book, Kittatinny. She is best known for The Female Man, a novel combining utopian fiction and satire, and the story "When It Changed".
Countdown to War
Countdown to War is a television film made in 1989 as a co-production by Granada Television and PBS. It recounts the events that occurred between 15 March 1939, when the German army commanded by Adolf Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia and created the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and 3 September 1939, the date when France and United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The film is divided into 5 different stages: Mussolini's study, Hitler's Chancellery, Stalin's Kremlin, Beck’s bedroom, and Chamberlain's Cabinet. The script is based on private letters, diaries and records of meetings between the different leaders. The film starred Ian McKellen, Michael Aldridge, Alex Norton and Barrie Rutter.

Declarations of war during World War II
This is a timeline of declarations of war during World War II.

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. The declaration is usually the act of delivering a performative speech or the presentation of a signed document by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more sovereign states. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in The Hague Peace Conference of 1907 (or Hague II). For the diplomatic maneuvering behind these events, which led to hostilities between nations during World War II, see Diplomatic history of World War II.