hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prof: Alan Turing Decoded
Prof: Alan Turing Decoded is a 2015 biography of Alan Turing, a 20th-century mathematician and computer scientist, authored by his nephew Dermot Turing. Written in a non-academic style, it begins with Turing's family history and early childhood, continuing with his contributions to Britain's cryptanalysis and encryption efforts in World War II and culminating in Turing's conviction for homosexuality and his later suicide.

It also discusses Turing's contributions to computer science both before and after the war, omitting technical details. It contains previously unpublished material such as photographs and letters, in particular describing the nature of Turing's work in World War II between 1942 and 1945, much of which was not public knowledge beforehand. Reviews of it are mostly positive.

Cryptologia
Cryptologia is a journal in cryptography published six times per year since January 1977. Its remit is all aspects of cryptography, with a special emphasis on historical aspects of the subject. The founding editors were Brian J. Winkel, David Kahn, Louis Kruh, Cipher A. Deavours and Greg Mellen. The current Editor-in-Chief is Craig Bauer.

The journal was initially published at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. In July 1995, it moved to the United States Military Academy, and was then published by Taylor & Francis since the January 2006 issue (Volume 30, Number 1).
History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
The foundation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) can be traced back to the 1860s, and it has represented the centre-left in German politics for much of the 20th and 21st centuries. From 1891 to 1959, the SPD theoretically espoused Marxism.

The SPD has been the ruling party at several points, first under Friedrich Ebert in 1918. The party was outlawed in Nazi Germany but returned to government in 1969 with Willy Brandt. Meanwhile, the East German branch of the SPD was merged with the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany. In the modern Federal Republic of Germany, the SPD's main rival is the CDU. As of May 2025 the SPD was in a coalition government with the CDU, with Friedrich Merz (CDU) as chancellor and Lars Klingbeil (SPD) as vice-chancellor.

Hugo Haase
Hugo Haase (29 September 1863 – 7 November 1919) was a German socialist politician, jurist and pacifist. With Friedrich Ebert, he co-chaired of the Council of the People's Deputies during the German Revolution of 1918–19.
Prehistoric sites in Serbia
The best known cultural archaeological discoveries from the prehistoric period on the territory of modern-day Serbia are the Starčevo and Vinča cultures dating back to 6400–6200 BC.

Serbia's strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many nations.

Donji Milanovac
Donji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Милановац, pronounced [dɔ̂ːɲiː mǐlanɔvats]) is a town in eastern Serbia. It is situated in the Majdanpek municipality, in the Bor District. It is located on the right bank of Lake Đerdap on the Danube. The population of the town is 2,410 people (2011 census). Its name means "Lower Milanovac" (there is an Upper Milanovac, as well).

The management office of Đerdap national park is located in the town.

It has been nicknamed a "town of 100,000 roses".
Belye Medveditsy
Belye Medveditsy Chelyabinsk (Russian: Бе́лые Медве́дицы Челябинск, lit. 'Polar Bears Chelyabinsk') are an ice hockey team in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL). They play in Chelyabinsk, Russia at the Yunost Sport Palace. The team has previously been known as Metelitsa Chelyabinsk, Nika Chelyabinsk, Kazak-Uralsky Chelyabinsk, and Fakel Chelyabinsk.

The team is a part of the Traktor Chelyabinsk hockey organization, which also operates Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), Chelmet Chelyabinsk of the VHL, Belye Medvedi Chelyabinsk of the MHL, and a number of youth and junior teams.

Junior Hockey League (Russia)
The Junior Hockey League (JHL) (Russian: Молодежная Хоккейная Лига (МХЛ), romanized: Molodezhnaya Hokkeinaya Liga (MHL)), sometimes translated as the Minor or Youth Hockey League, is a major junior ice hockey league in Eurasia, founded in 2009. It currently consists of 33 teams from 3 countries. Currently, all teams but one are subsidiaries (feeder teams) of their respective KHL or VHL professional counterparts. A player's age cannot be older than 20.  The Kharlamov Cup, named after star ice hockey player Valeri Kharlamov, is awarded annually as the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia's official Junior Championship, following a 16-team playoff at the end of the regular season.
Kopawa
Kopawa  is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7269 people living in 1142 individual households. Now from 2073 B.S. Kopawa is mixed with Banganga municipality ward no. 11.

At the time 2011 A.D total population of Kopawa V.D.C was 10,530.
Male=4,889 
Female=5,641 and total number of 
Households=2,142 
Data Source:C central Bureau of Statistics government of Nepal.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
Civrac-sur-Dordogne
Civrac-sur-Dordogne (French pronunciation: [sivʁak syʁ dɔʁdɔɲ], literally Civrac on Dordogne; Occitan: Sivrac de Dordonha, before 1991: Civrac-de-Dordogne) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Ai Furihata
Ai Furihata (降幡 愛, Furihata Ai; born February 19, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Nagano Prefecture.  She is affiliated with Across Entertainment.

Furihata made her debut as solo singer in Fall 2020 with her first mini album, "Moonrise" as the first artist affiliated with a new music label under Bandai Namco Arts and Blue Sofa, Purple One Star. She is best known for her role as Ruby Kurosawa in the Love Live! Sunshine!! anime series.

Bandai Namco Music Live
Bandai Namco Music Live Inc., formerly Bandai Namco Arts, is a Japanese company formed in 1983 as AE Planning Inc. The company was rebranded to Bandai Namco Arts in February 2018 by the merger of Bandai Visual and its subsidiary Lantis as part of a major group restructuring of its parent company, Bandai Namco Holdings. The company was responsible for anime production and distribution, and music production and distribution.

In 2022, the anime division was spun-off to Bandai Namco Filmworks and the company rebranded itself to Bandai Namco Music Live, solely focusing on music production and artist management.
Bishunpur, Nepal
Bishunpur  is a town in Shivaraj Municipality in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. The former village development committee was transformed into a Municipality from 18 May 2014 by merging the existing Birpur, Nepal, Chanai, Bishunpur, Jawabhari and Shivapur village development committees. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2942 people living in 472 individual households.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
Tiny Glade
Tiny Glade is a sandbox city-building game developed and published by Swedish indie studio Pounce Light. Initially released as a demo in June 2024 as part of Steam's Next Fest, the game was fully released on 23 September 2024 for Windows and Linux. Players can construct rivers, castles, ruins, and other buildings from the medieval era. The game was nominated for the Steam Awards and the BAFTA Game Awards in 2024 and 2025 respectively. Various critics have considered this to be a cosy game, and have noted about the games limited gameplay.

The Steam Awards
The Steam Awards are an annual user-voted award event for video games published on Valve's Steam service. Introduced in 2016, game nomination and voting periods are concurrent with Steam's annual autumn and winter holiday sales, centered around the holidays of American Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Pat Earles
Patrick John Earles (born 22 March 1955 in Titchfield, Hampshire) is an English former footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Southampton and Reading. He was a member of the Southampton squad which reached the 1976 FA Cup Final, and made over 250 appearances for Reading, scoring 85 goals, and helped the club win the Fourth Division title in 1979.
He then had a spell playing non-league football, with clubs including Road-Sea Southampton and Bognor Regis Town.

Earles went on to work as a probation officer for Hampshire Probation Service.

Titchfield
Titchfield is a village and former civil parish in the Fareham district, in southern Hampshire, England, by the River Meon. The village has a history stretching back to the sixth century. During the medieval period, the village operated a small port and market. Near to the village are the ruins of Titchfield Abbey, a place with strong associations with Shakespeare, through his patron, the Earl of Southampton.
1959 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1959 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Claughaun were the defending champions.

Cappamore won the championship after a 2–08 to 0–04 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in three years.

Claughaun GAA
Claughaun GAA (Irish: CLG Chlochán) is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in St Brigid's parish on the southside of Limerick City, Ireland. The club was founded  in 1902, in the Poulin/Pennywell area of St John's parish. It fields teams in competitions organised by the within Limerick County Board and has won several county titles in both hurling and Gaelic football. The club grounds are located on the Childers Road. The club was relegated to intermediate status in both football and hurling following the 2010 championships. Clauaghaun returned to the Limerick Senior Football Championship after winning the 2020 Limerick Intermediate Football Championship.
Anthony Marenghi
Anthony Marenghi was an American sportswriter who wrote for the Newark Star-Ledger in the early 1900s. He was best known for covering boxing and his column "From Pillar to Post."

On January 14, 1960, Marenghi was presented with a special award by the Boxing Association of New York, now the BWAA, for 40 years of boxing coverage. On the same night, the BWAA also awarded Ingemar Johansson the Edward J. Neil Trophy for 1959's "Fighter of the Year."

From the great-nephew of Anthony Marenghi (Paul J. Molinaro). Anthony was born in Newark, New Jersey. His brothers and sisters often teased him, because he was always reading - even at the dinner table. Thus, it was no surprise that Anthony never finished high school but made his living as a professional writer.  His expert knowledge of boxing came easy to him as he truly loved the sport and loved writing about it.

Sugar Ray Robinson Award
The Sugar Ray Robinson Award, known alternatively as the Boxing Writers Association of America Fighter of the Year Award and previously known as the Edward J. Neil Trophy, has been conferred annually since 1938 by the Boxing Writers Association of America.
Napoleon's Return to the Island of Lobau After the Battle of Essling
Napoleon's Return to the Island of Lobau After the Battle of Essling (French: Retour de Napoléon dans l'île de Lobau après la bataille d'Essling) is an 1812 history painting by the French artist Charles Meynier. It depicts a scene from the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the wider Napoleonic Wars. After his defeat at the Battle of Aspern-Essling, Napoleon returned to the island of Lobau where the French wounded from the battle lay. The River Danube is in the background. Shown with Napoleon are his chief of staff Louis-Alexandre Berthier and his bodyguard Roustam Raza as well as the surgeon Dominique Jean Larrey. In July Napoleon would decisively defeat the Austrians nearby at the decisive Battle of Wagram.

The painting was commissioned by Napoleon for the Luxembourg Palace. It was displayed at the Salon of 1812 at the Louvre. In 1835 during the July Monarchy it was transferred to the Palace of Versailles.

Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another. Artwork may be commissioned by private individuals, by the government, or businesses. Commissions often resemble endorsement or sponsorship.

In classical music, ensembles often commission pieces from composers, where the ensemble secures the composer's payment from private or public organizations or donors.
USS Mason (DDG-87)
USS Mason (DDG-87) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA) Aegis guided-missile destroyer in the United States Navy. She is named in honor of the black crewmembers who served on board USS Mason (DE-529) during the period of racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces.

Mason was the 21st ship of this class to be built at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, and construction began on 19 January 2000. She was launched and christened on 23 June 2001. On 12 April 2003, a commissioning ceremony was held at Port Canaveral, Florida. She is currently homeported at the Naval Station Mayport in Mayport, Florida.

Aegis Combat System
The Aegis Combat System is an American integrated naval weapons system, which uses computers and radars to track and guide weapons to destroy enemy targets. It was developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and it is now produced by Lockheed Martin.

Initially used by the United States Navy, Aegis is now used also by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Spanish Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy, Republic of Korea Navy, and Royal Australian Navy, and is planned for use by the Royal Canadian Navy. As of 2022, a total of 110 Aegis-equipped ships have been deployed, and 71 more are planned (see operators).

Aegis BMD (Ballistic Missile Defense) capabilities are being developed as part of the NATO missile defense system.
Cristóbal Aburto
Cristobal Alejandro Aburto Tinoco (born October 2, 1975 in Morelia, Michoacán) is a Mexican judoka, who competed in the men's extra-lightweight category. He finished fifth in the 60-kg division at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and also represented his nation Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Aburto qualified for the three-person Mexican judo squad in the men's extra-lightweight class (60 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by placing fifth and receiving a berth from the Pan American Championships in Margarita Island, Venezuela. He scored a double koka in his opening match to thwart Costa Rica's David Fernández with a seoi nage (shoulder throw) assault, before succumbed to an ippon and a tani otoshi (valley drop) throw from Argentina's Miguel Albarracín in the round of 16.

Tani otoshi
Tani otoshi (谷落) is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro.  It belongs to the fourth group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a side sacrifice technique (yoko-sutemi).
Teyssier Island
Teyssier Island (67°36′S 62°54′E﻿ / ﻿67.600°S 62.900°E﻿ / -67.600; 62.900) is an island at the south end of the Jocelyn Islands in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for P. Teyssier, cook at nearby Mawson Station in 1959.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
William Prim
William Prim (October 30, 1882 – May 4, 1930), nicknamed "Shinny", was an American Negro league catcher between 1907 and 1909.

A native of Indianapolis, Indiana, Prim made his Negro leagues debut in 1907 with the Indianapolis ABCs. He went on to play for the Leland Giants and Cuban Giants through 1909. Prim died in Indianapolis in 1930 at age 47.

Cuban Giants
The Cuban Giants were the first fully salaried African-American professional baseball club. The team was originally formed in 1885 at the Argyle Hotel, a summer resort in Babylon, New York. Initially an independent barnstorming team, they played games against opponents of all types: major and minor league clubs, semiprofessional teams, even college and amateur squads. They would go on to join various short-lived East Coast leagues, and in 1888 became the "World Colored Champions". Despite their name, no Cubans played on the team. The "Cubes" remained one of the premier Negro league teams for nearly 20 years, and served as a model that future black teams would emulate.
Steve Tuttle
Steve Walter Tuttle (born January 5, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played for parts of three seasons (1988–1991) for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, scoring a total of 28 goals in his career. He was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning, spending time with their International Hockey League affiliate, the Peoria Rivermen. In 1993, without playing a single game for the Lightning, he was traded to the Quebec Nordiques, playing for their IHL affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals. He retired after the 1997–98 season.

Tuttle is most commonly remembered for being the player whose skate accidentally slashed the throat of Clint Malarchuk during a 1989 game against the Buffalo Sabres.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Robert C. Underwood
Robert Charles Underwood (October 27, 1915 – March 30, 1988) was an American jurist.

Born in Gardner, Illinois, Underwood received his bachelor's degree from Illinois Wesleyan University in 1937 and his bachelor's degree from University of Illinois College of Law in 1939. Underwood practiced law in Normal, Illinois. Underwood served as Normal City Attorney and as circuit court judge for McLean County, Illinois. He also served as an assistant state's attorney for McLean County. Underwood was a Republican. Underwood served on the Illinois Supreme Court from 1962 until his retirement in 1984. He served as chief justice from 1969 until 1976, longer than any other jurist. Underwood died of a heart attack at his home in Normal, Illinois.

University of Illinois College of Law
The University of Illinois College of Law at Urbana-Champaign is the law school of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, a public land-grant research university in Champaign and Urbana, Illinois. It was established in 1897 and offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees. The law school is located on the south end of the main University of Illinois campus in Champaign, near Memorial Stadium and the State Farm Center.
K-Ville (TV series)
K-Ville (an abbreviation of Katrinaville) is an American crime drama television series that aired from September 17 to December 17, 2007, on Fox, created by executive producer Jonathan Lisco, centering on policing New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Deran Sarafian directed the pilot.

On May 15, 2008, the series was canceled.

John Carroll Lynch
John Carroll Lynch (born August 1, 1963) is an American character actor and film director. He first gained notice for his role as Norm Gunderson in Fargo (1996). He is also known for his television work on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show (1997–2004) as the title character's cross-dressing brother, Steve Carey, as well as on four seasons of American Horror Story (2014–2019), most notably as breakout character Twisty the Clown. His films include Face/Off (1997), Mercury Rising (1998) Gothika (2003),  Zodiac (2007), Gran Torino (2008), Shutter Island (2010), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), Ted 2 (2015), The Invitation (2015), The Founder (2016), and The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020). He made his directorial debut with the 2017 film Lucky.
Love Explosion
Love Explosion is the fourth solo studio album by Tina Turner, released late 1979 by EMI Records in Europe, Ariola Records in West Germany and United Artists Records in the UK. Italy and South Africa followed in early 1980. The album was not released in the United States. It was her second solo album released after she left husband Ike Turner and the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Love Explosion failed to chart, so Turner lost her recording contract. It was her last album before recording the critically acclaimed Private Dancer in 1984.

Ariola
Ariola (also known as Ariola Records, Ariola Express, Ariola-Eurodisc and BMG Ariola) is a German record label. In the late 1980s, it was a subsidiary label of the Bertelsmann Music Group, which in turn has become a part of the international media conglomerate Sony Music Entertainment.
Pong Pagong
Pong Pagong is a muppet-style character developed by the Children's Television Workshop (CTW) for the Filipino children's show Sesame!, a co-production between CTW and the Philippine Children's Television Foundation (PCTF) which debuted in 1983. Pong Pagong is an anthropomorphic turtle, similar to Big Bird of Sesame Street, standing over six feet tall and towering over human co-stars and aged to be around six years old. Together with its co-muppet, Kiko Matsing, the characters were custom made in New York for Sesame. Both characters were inspired from a Filipino fable, "The Monkey and the Turtle", which was annotated to English by José Rizal in 1889.

After the cancellation of Sesame in 1984 due to the cancellation by CTW of the co-production venture, both characters appeared in its 1985 replacement show, Batibot, under a license arrangement with CTW. Both characters were returned to CTW in 1994 and never used again.

Philippine Children's Television Foundation
The Philippine Children's Television Foundation (PCTF), is a non-profit organization that pioneered educational television in the Philippines. It was initially formed to partner with Sesame Workshop (formerly Children's Television Workshop) to create Sesame!, later known as Batibot.