hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Three Squares Historic District
Three Squares Historic District is a national historic district located at Glens Falls, Warren County, New York.  It includes 75 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing object. It encompasses Glens Falls historic and contemporary commercial center.  The buildings generally consist of brick commercial, office, and institutional structures between two and five stories in height.  Because of devastating fires in 1862 and 1902, the majority of the buildings were built between 1902 and 1930.  Notable buildings include the Italianate style Cowles block (1865), Neoclassical style Rogers Building (1926-1927), Beaux-Arts style Empire Theater (1899), and Neoclassical style Glens Falls City Hall (1900).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, with boundary changes approved in 2022.

Glens Falls, New York
Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States and is the central city of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,830 at the 2020 census. The name was given by Colonel Johannes Glen, the falls referring to a large waterfall in the Hudson River at the southern end of the city.

Glens Falls is a city in the southeastern corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, and by the Hudson River and Saratoga County to the south. Glens Falls is known as "Hometown U.S.A.", a title Look magazine gave it in 1944. The city has also referred to itself as the "Empire City."
Inflatable vision unit
An inflatable vision unit (IVU, sold under the trademark Emergency Vision Assurance System or EVAS) is an aircraft safety device which is deployed in the event of heavy smoke in the cockpit, and provides a volume of clear air with clear plastic windows on either end, through which the pilot can see key flight instruments and see out the front windscreen. As of October 2019, it was the only such device approved by the Federal Aviation Administration.

The EVAS device was invented by Bertil Werjefelt, with patents issued in 1994 and 2000. Its installation cost is about US$30,000, roughly equivalent to a cockpit window pane, according to its inventor.

Cockpit
A cockpit, also called flight deck, is the area, on the front part of an aircraft, spacecraft, or submersible, from which a pilot controls the vehicle.

The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the controls that enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most airliners, a door separates the cockpit/Flight Deck from the aircraft cabin. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, all major airlines fortified their cockpits against access by hijackers.
Institute of Management Studies, Devi Ahilya University
Institute of Management Studies (IMS) is the University Teaching Department of Devi Ahilya University, Indore specializing in Management Education. It offers various management courses leading to the degrees Master of Business Administration MBA, Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and integrated MBA i.e. (BBA+MBA) in several disciplines, (BBA+MBA)Hospital administration was started as a branch of management studies in India by this institution and holds the record of providing best of the administrator's in the field also IMS was first Institute of the state to start (BBA+MBA) i.e. Integrated MBA in E-commerce. 
It offers the following branches for Management:

Hospital Administration (MBA)

Hospital Administration (Integrated MBA)

E-commerce (MBA)

E-commerce (Integrated MBA)

Financial Administration (MBA)

Disaster Management (MBA)

Human Resources (MBA)

Marketing Management (MBA)

Full Time (MBA)

Executive (MBA)

Ph.D.

M.Phil.

Bachelor of Business Administration
A Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is an undergraduate degree in business administration awarded by colleges and universities after completion of four years and typically 120 credits of undergraduate study in the fundamentals of business administration.
Darren Fifield
Daren Fifield (born 9 October 1969 in Wantage) is an English amateur light flyweight and professional fly/super fly/bantamweight boxer of the 1990s, who as an amateur won the 1992 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) light flyweight title, against Lee Woodcock (Royal Navy), boxing out of Henley ABC, and as a professional won the Commonwealth flyweight title, and was a challenger for the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Southern Area flyweight title against Mickey Cantwell, and Ricky Beard, European Boxing Union (EBU) flyweight title against Luigi Camputaro, and BBBofC British flyweight title against Francis Ampofo, his professional fighting weight varied from flyweight to bantamweight.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Tadi Rural Municipality
Tadi is a Rural municipality located within the Nuwakot District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 69.80 square kilometres (26.95 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 17,932 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Urleni, Ralukadevi, Kharanitar, Samundradevi and Narjamandap VDCs were merged to form Tadi Rural Municipality.
Tadi is divided into 6 wards, with Kharanitar declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

As of 2021, the population is 15,933.

Urleni
Urleni is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,330 people living in 627 individual households.
Nandani River
The Nandani River is a right tributary of Yerla River in India. It originates at Jaigaon and flows from Aundh in Satara district and its confluence to Yerala river occurs near Shivani village of Kadegaon taluka, in Sangli district of Maharashtra state.

Aundh, Satara
Aundh is a town in India 26 mi. southeast of Satara. The population in 2011 was about 3500. It was part of the Aundh State, a princely state (1699–1947). It is part of Satara District in Maharashtra State.
William Lyman
William Lyman is the name of:

William Lyman (congressman) (1755–1811), U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts

William Lyman (inventor) (1821–1891), American inventor of a rotating-wheel can opener

William Whittingham Lyman (1850–1921), American winemaker in California

William Whittingham Lyman Jr. (1885–1983), American academic and Celtic scholar

William R. Lyman (1898–1972), American football player

Will Lyman (born 1948), American actor

Will Lyman
William Remington Lyman (born May 20, 1948) is an American actor. Known for his polished, resonant voice, he has narrated the PBS series Frontline since its second season in 1984. He played William Tell in the action/adventure television series Crossbow.
Les Misérables (1998 film)
Les Misérables is a 1998 film adaptation of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel of the same name, directed by Bille August. It stars Liam Neeson, Geoffrey Rush, Uma Thurman, and Claire Danes. As in the original novel, the storyline follows the adult life of Jean Valjean (Liam Neeson), an ex-convict pursued by police inspector Javert (Rush). It was filmed at Barrandov Studios in Prague, Czech Republic. The film was produced by Columbia Pictures and Mandalay Entertainment and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing in the United States and by Entertainment Film Distributors in the United Kingdom.

Entertainment Film Distributors
Entertainment Film Distributors Limited is a British distributor of independent films in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was founded by Michael L. Green and is currently run by his son Nigel Green. The company has released many BAFTA and Oscar-winning films including The Departed, Million Dollar Baby, Gosford Park, Brokeback Mountain and The Artist.
Oskar Kallis
Oskar Kallis (Tallinn, November 23, 1892 – Yalta, 1 January 1918) was an Estonian artist, one of the main representatives of the Estonian national romanticism.

Kallas studied in 1907 and 1913 to 1916 in the studio of the artist Ants Laikmaa, and in 1912-1913 studied design at the Estonian Artist Society (Eesti Kunstiselts). He participated in 1917 in the establishment of the artistic association Vikerla. He was particularly influenced by the Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela, he devoted himself especially in his short career to the illustration of the Estonian national epic Kalevipoeg, creating about 40 works. He also designed ethnographically styled furniture and textiles. He died of tuberculosis in the Crimea in 1918.

Akseli Gallen-Kallela
Akseli Gallen-Kallela (born Axel Waldemar Gallén; 26 April 1865 – 7 March 1931) was a Finnish painter who is best known for his illustrations of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic. His work is considered a very important aspect of the Finnish national identity. He finnicized his name from Gallén to Gallen-Kallela in 1907.
5th Venice International Film Festival
The 5th annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 10 August and 3 September 1937. The new Palazzo del Cinema building was completed for this year's festival. It has been used as the venue since, excluding the years 1940 to 1948.

Robert J. Flaherty
Robert Joseph Flaherty, FRGS (/ˈflæ.ərti, ˈflɑː-/; February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature-length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922). The film made his reputation and nothing in his later life fully equaled its success, although he continued the development of this new genre of narrative documentary with Moana (1926), set in the South Seas, and Man of Aran (1934), filmed in Ireland's Aran Islands. Flaherty is considered the father of both the documentary and the ethnographic film.

Flaherty was married to writer Frances H. Flaherty from 1914 until his death in 1951. Frances worked on several of her husband's films, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Story for Louisiana Story (1948).
Sepulenia
Sepulenia is an extinct genus of stem sawflies in the family Sepulcidae. There is one described species in Sepulenia, S. syricta.

The genus was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named after fictional things called sepulki, found in Stanisław Lem's The Star Diaries and Observation on the Spot. The name of the species is literally translated as "sepuling with whistle". The relation to Lem's sepulki is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as Scrupts in English editions of Lem's novels.

Alexandr Rasnitsyn
Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn (Russian: Александр Павлович Расницын) is a Russian entomologist, expert in palaeoentomology, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2001).
His scientific interests are centered on the palaeontology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of hymenopteran insects and insects in general.  He has also studied broader biological problems such as evolutionary theory, the principles of phylogenetics, taxonomy, nomenclature, and palaeoecology. He has published over 300 articles and books in several languages. In August 2008 he was awarded the Distinguished Research Medal of the International Society of Hymenopterists.
Raphaele Shirley
Raphaele Shirley (born 1969 in Wisconsin, US) is a French-American multi-media artist. She has been working at the intersection of the art and technology since 1993. Her practices include sculpture, light art, public art, collaborative works and performance. Her works have been documented and reviewed in publications such as the Art Newspaper, Art in America, Art Forum, and Canvas Magazine.

Art in America
Art in America (A.i.A.) is an illustrated quarterly, international magazine concentrating on the contemporary art world in the United States, including profiles of artists and genres, updates about art movements, show reviews and event schedules. It is designed for collectors, artists, art dealers, art professionals and other readers interested in the art world.

Previously a monthly publication, the magazine scaled back to quarterly issues in the 2020s after ownership changes and a merger with the publication ARTnews. Articles from Art in America are published online on the ARTnews website.
John Glasgow Kerr
John Glasgow Kerr (November 30, 1824—1901) was an American medical missionary and philanthropist who helped establish The Canton Hospital, also known as the Ophthalmic Hospital, in Canton, China.

Kerr was born in Dunkinsville, Ohio and graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. He arrived in Canton in May 1854 with his wife to run the Huiji Dispensary of the Presbyterian Mission and the Canton Hospital (1855); Kerr served as superintendent of the hospital for 45 years. In 1859, Kerr opened Boji (boji meaning spreading benevolence) Hospital, located in Zhengsha Street in a southern suburb of Canton. In 1860, Kerr opened of the second dispensary in Foshan, later becoming the largest hospital in the city.  In 1899, Kerr opened the first mental hospital in China.

During his time in Canton, Kerr treated 39,440 inpatients and 740,324 outpatients from 4,000 villages.

Thomas Jefferson University
Thomas Jefferson University is a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017. The university is named for U.S. Founding Father and president Thomas Jefferson. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

To signify its heritage, the university sometimes carries the nomenclature Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) in its branding.
Islands of the Kimberley (Western Australia)
The Islands of the Kimberley are a group of over 2,500 islands lying off the coast of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The islands extend from the Western Australia–Northern Territory border in the east to just north of Broome in the west.

Broome, Western Australia
Broome, also known as Rubibi by the Yawuru people, is a coastal pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2,046 km (1,271 mi) north of Perth. The town recorded a population of 14,660 in the 2021 census. It is the largest town in the Kimberley region.
Microwave auditory effect
The microwave auditory effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of the human perception of sounds induced by pulsed or modulated radio frequencies. The perceived sounds are generated directly inside the human head without the need of any receiving electronic device. The effect was first reported by persons working in the vicinity of radar transponders during World War II. In 1961, the American neuroscientist Allan H. Frey studied this phenomenon and was the first to publish information on the nature of the microwave auditory effect. The cause is thought to be thermoelastic expansion of portions of the auditory apparatus, although competing theories explain the results of holographic interferometry tests differently.

Transponder
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder.

In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight transponder is an automated transceiver in an aircraft that emits a coded identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal.

In a communications satellite, a satellite transponder receives signals over a range of uplink frequencies, usually from a satellite ground station; the transponder amplifies them, and re-transmits them on a different set of downlink frequencies to receivers on Earth, often without changing the content of the received signal or signals.
Alta Banu
Alta Banu (Bengali: আলতা বানু) is a 2018 Bangladeshi romantic drama film directed by Arun Chowdhury and starring Zakia Bari Momo, Anisur Rahman Milon and Farzana Rikta. The screenplay, by Brindaban Das, is based on a story of the same name by Faridur Reza Sagar.

Alta Banu was filmed on the banks of the Kaliganga River in Ghior Upazila starting in July 2017, and later on the banks of the Gomati River in Comilla. It was released on 20 April 2018, at five cinema halls in Bangladesh. The film was premiered at Toronto International Film Festival, Pyongyang International Film Festival, Dhaka International Film Festival and Delhi International Film Festival.

Comilla
Comilla (Bengali: কুমিল্লা), officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gumti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Dulipara area of Comilla city Although it is currently replaced with Comilla Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Comilla City is a division centered city district with surrounding districts coming to Comilla in more diverse areas of work. Bibir Bazar land port is located 5 km away from Comilla city. The area of Comilla City Corporation is 53.04 square kilometers, so the surrounding areas of the main city fall under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation. The urban areas falling outside the Comilla City Corporation are considered suburbs, forming part of the metro area, which was estimated at 691,000 in 2025- a 2.98% increase from 2024.
University of Toronto Faculty of Music
The University of Toronto Faculty of Music is the music school at the University of Toronto. The Faculty of Music is located in the Edward Johnson Building on the St. George campus, just south of the Royal Ontario Museum and north of Queen's Park, west of the Museum subway station. MacMillan Theatre and Walter Hall are located in the Edward Johnson Building. The Faculty of Music South building contains rehearsal rooms and offices, and the Upper Jazz Studio performance space is located at 90 Wellesley Street West. Professor Ryan McClelland was appointed Acting Dean on November 1, 2023 and Interim Dean on January 1, 2025.

Gustav Ciamaga
Gustav Ciamaga (April 10, 1930 – June 11, 2011) was a Canadian composer, music educator, and writer. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre and a member of the Canadian League of Composers, he was best known for his compositions of electronic music, although he produced several non-electronic works. His compositions have been performed throughout North America and Europe. His work Curtain Raiser was commissioned for the opening of the National Arts Centre in 1969. An honorary member of the Canadian Electroacoustic Community, he invented a number of electronic music apparatuses, including the Serial Sound Structure Generator. As a writer he contributed articles to numerous music journals, magazines, and other publications.
Gregg Wylde
Gregg Wylde (born 23 March 1991) is a Scottish footballer who plays for Camelon in the East of Scotland League Premier Division.

He started his career with Rangers, but voluntarily left the club in March 2012, soon after it entered administration. He has since played for Bolton Wanderers, Aberdeen, St Mirren, Plymouth Argyle and Millwall, as well as having spells at Bury, Northampton Town, Morecambe, Livingston, Clyde, East Kilbride and Dumbarton.

Camelon Juniors F.C.
Camelon Juniors Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Camelon, in the Falkirk district. The team plays in the East of Scotland League Premier Division, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018. Despite this move, the club has decided to retain the "Juniors" part of its identity. The club have won the Scottish Junior Cup once, in 1995.
Common bottlenose dolphin
The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of three species of bottlenose dolphin in the genus Tursiops. While formerly known simply as the bottlenose dolphin, this term is now applied to the genus Tursiops as a whole. As considerable genetic variation has been described within this species, even between neighboring populations, many experts think additional species may be recognized and split out.

The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it receives in human care in marine parks and dolphinariums, and in movies and television programs. Common bottlenose dolphins inhabit temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world, absent only from polar waters.

Lumpers and splitters
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any academic discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example, schools of literature, biological taxa, and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, judging that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.
Aminuddin Ramly
Aminuddin Ramly (born 16 May 1990) is a Malaysian cricketer. He was part of Malaysia's squad for the 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament.

In June 2019, he was named in Malaysia's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Tri-Nation Series tournament. Ramly made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Thailand, on 24 June 2019. In September 2019, he was named in Malaysia's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. He made his List A debut against Denmark, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 16 September 2019.

2019 Cricket World Cup Challenge League A (Malaysia)
The 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A was the inaugural edition of Group A of the 2019–2022 Cricket World Cup Challenge League, a cricket tournament which formed part of the qualification pathway to the 2023 Cricket World Cup. In July 2019, the International Cricket Council (ICC) confirmed that the Malaysia Cricket Association would host the tournament. The series took place between 16 and 26 September 2019, with all the matches having List A status.

On the penultimate day of the tournament, Vanuatu were bowled out for 65 runs against Malaysia. In reply, Vanuatu managed to dismiss Malaysia for 52 runs, recording the lowest team total defended by any side in a List A cricket match.

Canada won the series, after finishing ahead of Singapore on net run rate, with both teams level on points.
ARV Super2
The ARV Super2 (Air Recreational Vehicle) is a British two-seat light aircraft with strut-braced shoulder wings and tricycle landing gear.  Designed by Bruce Giddings, the Super2 was available either factory-built or as a kit. It was intended to be both a cost-effective trainer and an affordable aircraft for private owners. Later called the "Opus", it gained US FAA Light-Sport Aircraft approval in February 2008.

About 35 aircraft were produced in the 1980s before the Isle of Wight-based company went into liquidation.  Subsequently, there have been a number of attempts to  restart production, all unsuccessful, of which the most recent was by Opus Aircraft. In November 2013,  Opus Aircraft announced that its assets had been auctioned off successfully, adding: "We hope to see our plans continued and to see the all-aluminum plane flying by 2015." Since 2015, little has been heard of the ARV and no resumption of production has occurred.

Strut
A strut is a structural component commonly found in engineering, aeronautics, architecture and anatomy. Struts generally work by resisting longitudinal compression, but they may also serve in tension.

A stay is sometimes used as a synonym for strut, but some sources distinguish that struts are braces for holding compressive forces apart, while stays are braces for keeping stretching forces together.