hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Payson J. Treat
Payson Jackson Treat (November 12, 1879 – June 15, 1972) was an American Japanologist. He was born in New York City on November 12, 1879, and attended Wesleyan University as an undergraduate. He then attained a master's degree at Columbia. He started teaching at Stanford University in 1905, and was appointed a professor of history there in 1906—the first professorship in Far Eastern history at an American university. Treat received a doctorate at Stanford in 1910, working on the history of the American land system as a student of Max Farrand. In 1921, he was a visiting lecturer at the Imperial University of Tokyo and the University of Hong Kong. He retired in 1945 after teaching at Stanford for 40 years, but remained in Stanford, California, where he died on June 15, 1972. Until his death, Treat maintained an index card file relating the names and children of over 7,000 of his students.

Japanese studies
Japanese studies or Japan studies (Japanese: 日本学, Hepburn: Nihongaku), sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science.

The historical roots of Western Japanese studies may be traced back to the Dutch traders based at Dejima, Nagasaki during the Edo period (1603–1867). The foundation of the Asiatic Society of Japan at Yokohama in 1872 by Western scholars such as Ernest Satow and Frederick Victor Dickins was an important event in the development of Japanese studies as an academic discipline.
Lilla Barzó
Lilla Barzó (born 2 September 1996) is a Hungarian former tennis player.

Barzó won three singles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 26 October 2015, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 435. On 13 April 2015, she peaked at No. 704 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Barzó was given a wildcard for the 2013 Budapest Grand Prix, where she made her WTA Tour main-draw debut, alongside Dalma Gálfi in doubles, only to lose to the 2011 French Open doubles champions Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Hradecká.

Barzó played her last match on the ITF Circuit in March 2016.

After her retirement, she started to studying at the University of Szeged.

2013 Budapest Grand Prix – Doubles
Janette Husárová and Magdaléna Rybáriková were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Hradecká won the title, defeating Nina Bratchikova and Anna Tatishvili in the final, 6–4, 6–1.
Agame
Agame (Tigrinya: ዓጋመ, lit. 'fruitful') is a province in northern Ethiopia. It includes the northeastern corner of Tigray, borders the Eritrean province of Akele Guzai in the north, Tembien, Kalatta Awlalo and Enderta in the south, and the Afar lowlands in the east. This province of Agame consists of the famous Debre Dammo monastery and the city of Adigrat. In pre-1991, Agame had a total area of about 4,889 square kilometres (1,888 sq mi) with an estimated population of 344,800.

Kilte Awulaelo
Kilte Awulaelo (Tigrinya: ክልተ ኣውላዕሎ; also transliterated as Kǝlǝttä ʾAwlaʿlo) is one of woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraqawi Zone, Kilte Awulaelo is bordered on the south by the Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone, on the west by the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone, on the northeast by Hawzen, on the north by Saesi Tsaedaemba, and on the east by Atsbi Wenberta. Towns in the Kilte Awulaelo woreda include Agula, Tsigereda and Maimekden. Town of Wukro is surrounded by Kilte Awulaelo.
Amaad Fareed
Amaad Fareed (born 5 March 1996 in Lahore) is a Pakistani professional squash player. As of February 2018, he was ranked number 175 in the world. He was a member of Pakistan's bronze-winning squash team at the 2018 Asian Games.

Squash at the 2018 Asian Games
Squash at the 2018 Asian Games was held at the Gelora Bung Karno Squash Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia, from 23 August to 1 September 2018.

Nicol David of Malaysia won her fifth gold medal in women's singles event.
Yasser Desai
Yasser Desai (born 15 November 1989) is an Indian singer-songwriter known for working in Hindi cinema. He is best known for his songs "Hue Bechain" and "Aankhon Me Aasoon Leke" from 2017 drama film Ek Haseena Thi Ek Deewana Tha.

Desai made his Bollywood debut with 2016 film Beiimaan Love, in which he sang three songs- “Main Adhoora", in "Mere Peeche Hindustan" and “RangReza" (Male). Subsequently, he sang many blockbuster songs like "Dil Ko Karaar Aaya", "Hue Bechain", "Aankhon Me Aansoon Leke", Dil maang Raha Hai, Pallo Latke, Makhna, Jeene Bhi De, Naino Ne Baandhi, Jitni Dafa, Jogi, Twist Kamariya, Mehbooba, Rang Dariya and many more.

Ek Haseena Thi Ek Deewana Tha
Ek Haseena Thi Ek Deewana Tha (transl. There was a beauty, there was a crazy lover) is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language romantic musical drama film written, produced and directed by Suneel Darshan starring Shiv Darshan, Natasha Fernandez and Upen Patel in lead roles. The music was composed by Nadeem Saifi.
State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation
State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Limited (abbreviation SNPTC) is a Chinese state-owned enterprise in nuclear power. The company engages in the development of nuclear technology and is one of the country's three operators of nuclear power plants.

Nuclear technology
Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights.
Barry Williams (rugby league)
Barry Williams is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Wales and Cumbria, and at club level for Carlisle (two spells), and  Workington Town (two spells), as a hooker.

Cumbria rugby league team
The Cumbria rugby league team (known as Cumberland from 1898 to 1973) is an English representative rugby league team consisting of players who were born in the county of Cumbria and the historic county of Cumberland. They play fixtures against international representative sides, often acting as opposition in warm-up fixtures for touring international sides.
Library of Galicia
The Library of Galicia (Galician: Biblioteca de Galicia), is a Spain-based public library located in the Galician Cultural City of Santiago de Compostela, the capital of the Galicia Autonomous Region, Spain. It is the largest public library in the Galicia Autonomous Region. The library was designed by American architect Peter Eisenman.

Library of Galicia disseminates the legacy of intellectuals and artists such as Isaac Díaz Pardo, Luis Seoane and Basilio Losada. The library is the flagship of the Galician library system.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Tirukalukundram
Tirukalukundram (Tamil: திருக்கழுக்குன்றம், romanized: tirukkaḻukkuṉṟam), also known as Tirukazhukundram, is a panchayat town and taluk head of Tirukalukundram taluk in Chengalpattu district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.  It is famous for the Vedagiriswarar temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Patrick Bou Abboud
Patrick Bou Abboud (born July 24, 1987) is a professional Lebanese basketball player for Sagesse Club in the Lebanese Basketball League. He previously played with Sagesse SC, Homenetmen Beirut BC, Champville SC, Antranik SC, Bejjeh SC, and Tadamon Zouk.

Homenetmen Beirut (basketball)
Homenetmen Beirut (Arabic: نادي الهومنتمن; Armenian: Հայ Մարմնակրթական Ընդհանուր Միութիւն (ՀՄԸՄ), lit. 'Armenian General Athletic Union and Scouts'), or simply Homenetmen, is the basketball department of Homenetmen, a Lebanese-Armenian multi-sports club based in Beirut, Lebanon. The club was established in 1924 in Beirut and is part of the worldwide pan-Armenian Homenetmen association. Homenetmen Beirut won its first Lebanese League Championship in 2018.

Among the well-known players that have played with the club over the years are: Justin Gray, Dion Dixon, Joe Vogel, Rashad McCants, Fadi El Khatib, Ahmad Ibrahim, Ismail Ahmad, Sam Young, Bassem Balaa, Michael Fraser, Kevin Galloway, DeWayne Jackson, Ater Majok, Norvel Pelle, Nadim Souaid, Sam Thompson, Justin Tubbs, Mike Taylor, Nate Robinson,  Chris Johnson and Walter Hodge
Carrier tilt
Carrier tilt is a wear issue that can arise in some gas piston-based firearm operating systems. High pressure gas pushes the gas piston back hitting the bolt carrier.  This force pushes the bolt carrier down into the buffer tube wall. This can lead to increased wear, shaved and/or chipped metal.  This in turn can lead to a loss of accuracy.

Bolt (firearms)
A bolt is the part of a repeating, breechloading firearm that blocks the rear opening (breech) of the barrel chamber while the propellant burns, and moves back and forward to facilitate loading/unloading of cartridges from the magazine.  The firing pin and extractor are often integral parts of the bolt.  The terms "breechblock" and "bolt" are often used interchangeably or without a clear distinction, though usually, a bolt is a type of breechblock that has a nominally circular cross-section.

In most automatic firearms that use delayed blowback, recoil, or gas operation, the bolt itself is housed within the larger bolt carrier group (BCG), which contains additional parts that receives rearward push from a gas tube (direct impingement) or a gas piston (short-stroke or long-stroke piston) system. The slide of a self-loading pistol contains the same components and serves similar functions.
HypoVereinsbank
HypoVereinsbank (HVB), legally registered since late 2008 as UniCredit Bank GmbH, is a significant bank in Germany headquartered in Munich. It has been part of the Milan-based UniCredit group since 2005, and fully owned by it since 2008. As a consequence, HVB is operating exclusively in Germany, where it mainly focuses on private clients business and corporate banking, customer-related capital market activities and wealth management.

HypoVereinsbank's predecessor entities include financial institutions that played major roles in the financial history of Bavaria, including the Bavarian State Bank (1780-1971), Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (1835-1998), Bayerische Vereinsbank (1869-1998), and Bayerische Notenbank (1875-1934).

Bayerische Notenbank
The Bayerische Notenbank (lit. 'Bavarian Bank of Issue') was a German note-issuing bank, founded in 1875 in Munich. It lost its issuance privilege in 1935 and was merged that same year into the Bavarian State Bank.
Lauma
Latvian Lauma or Lithuanian Laumė, or Yotvingian Łauma is a fairy-like woodland spirit, and guardian spirit of orphans in Eastern Baltic mythology  or Yotvingian mythology. Originally a sky spirit, her compassion for human suffering brought her to earth to share our fate.

Orphan
An orphan is a child whose parents have died, are unknown, or have permanently abandoned them. It can also refer to a child who has lost only one parent, as the Hebrew translation, for example, is "fatherless". In some languages, such as Swedish, the term is "parentless" and more ambiguous about whether the parents are dead, unknown or absconded, but typically refers to a child or younger adult.

In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e., if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition).
The Journey Home (1989 film)
The Journey Home is a Canadian drama short film, directed by Marc F. Voizard and released in 1989. The film stars Jessalyn Gilsig as Jeannie Munroe, a teenage girl who learns an important lesson about the difficulties of adulthood after her father (John Boylan) loses his job.

The cast also includes Geraldine Farrell, Ian Finlay, Dean Hagopian, Terra Maria, Sandra Oh, Philip Spensley and Gordon Michael Woolvett.

The film premiered at the 1989 Montreal World Film Festival.

The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.

Jessalyn Gilsig
Jessalyn Sarah Gilsig (born November 30, 1971) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Meredith Gordon in Heroes, Kayley in Quest for Camelot, Lauren Davis in Boston Public, Gina Russo in Nip/Tuck, Det. Kelly Ronson in NYPD Blue, Terri Schuester in Glee, and as Siggy Haraldson in Vikings.
2023 Le Mans Cup
The 2023 Le Mans Cup, known as the 2023 Michelin Le Mans Cup under sponsorship, was the eighth season of the Le Mans Cup. The six-event season began at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 22 April and finished at Algarve International Circuit on 22 October. The series is open to Le Mans Prototypes in the LMP3 class, and grand tourer sports cars in the GT3 class.

Algarve International Circuit
The Algarve International Circuit (Portuguese: Autódromo Internacional do Algarve), also known as the Portimão Circuit, is a 4.653 km (2.891 mi) race circuit located in Portimão, Algarve region, Portugal. The development includes a karting track, off-road track, technology park, five-star hotel, sports complex and apartments.

The circuit was designed by Ricardo Pina, Arquitectos. The construction was finished in October 2008 and the circuit was homologated by both the FIM on 11 October 2008 and the FIA two days later. The total cost was €195 million (approximately $250 million).
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a spectrum of diseases in the mucopolysaccharidosis family. It results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans (or GAGs, or mucopolysaccharides) due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of GAGs in lysosomes. Without this enzyme, a buildup of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate occurs in the body.

MPS I may present with a wide spectrum of symptoms, depending on how much functional enzyme is produced. In severe forms, symptoms appear during childhood, and early death can occur due to organ damage. In mild cases, the patient may live into adulthood.

Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs in a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. In this form, HS binds to a variety of protein ligands, including Wnt, and regulates a wide range of biological activities, including developmental processes, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, abolishing detachment activity by GrB (Granzyme B), and tumour metastasis. HS has also been shown to serve as cellular receptor for a number of viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus. One study suggests that cellular heparan sulfate has a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly when the virus attaches with ACE2. The basic repeat unit synthesised by the EXT1/EXT2 heterocomplex is (GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4)n.
Bilice
Bilice can refer to one of the following places:

Croatia

Bilice, Požega-Slavonia County

Bilice, Šibenik-Knin County

Bilice, Split, a part of Mejaši, a section of Split, Croatia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bilice, Kotor Varoš

Bilice, Požega-Slavonia County
Bilice is a village in Požega-Slavonia County, Croatia. The village is administered as a part of the City of Pleternica.
According to national census of 2011, population of the village is 188. The village is connected by the D525 state road.
Saints Peter and Paul Church, Butsniv
Saints Peter and Paul Church (Ukrainian: Церква святих апостолів Петра і Павла) is a parish and church of the Ternopil Deanery of the Ternopil Diocese of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine in Butsniv, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast. An architectural monument of local importance.

Ternopil Raion
Ternopil Raion (Ukrainian: Тернопільський район) is a raion in Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil. It has a population of 559,357 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Ternopil Raion was significantly expanded. Six abolished raions, Berezhany, Kozova, Pidhaitsi, Pidvolochysk, Terebovlia, and Zboriv Raions, a part of one more abolished raion, Zbarazh Raion, as well as Berezhany Municipality and the city of Ternopil, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Ternopil Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,199 (2020 est.).
The Patron Saints of Naples Adoring Christ on the Cross
The Patron Saints of Naples Adoring Christ on the Cross is a 1660–1661 oil painting by the Italian Baroque artist Luca Giordano, now in the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples. In the bottom left are the saints Baculus, Euphebius, Francis Borgia, Aspren and Candida, whilst in the top left is God the Father.

The work and Saint Januarius Interceding were commissioned by Gaspare de Bracamonte, Spanish viceroy of Naples. They were originally intended for the side altars of the new church of Santa Maria del Pianto in Poggioreale, where most of the plague victims were buried, with the commission for the high altarpiece going to the other major artist then resident in Naples, Andrea Vaccaro. Giordano's two works marked the end of the 1656 plague in Naples.

Candida the Elder
Candida the Elder (Italian: Candida la Vecchia) (died c. AD 78) was a legendary early Christian saint and resident of Naples, Italy, who is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, with a feast day on 4 September. She is one of the patron saints of Naples.
Biogeology
Biogeology is the study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere.

Biogeology examines biotic, hydrologic, and terrestrial systems in relation to each other, to help understand the Earth's climate, oceans, and other effects on geologic systems.

For example, bacteria are responsible for the formation of some minerals such as pyrite, and can concentrate economically important metals such as tin and uranium. Bacteria are also responsible for the chemical composition of the atmosphere, which affects weathering rates of rocks.

Prior to the late Devonian period, there was little plant life beyond lichens, and bryophytes. At this time large vascular plants evolved, growing up to 30 meters (98 ft 5.1 in) in height. These large plants changed the atmosphere, and altered the composition of the soil by increasing the amount of organic carbon. This helped prevent the soil being washed away through erosion.

Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material or natural organic matter (NOM) is the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
Myrtle Beach Speedway
Myrtle Beach Speedway (originally named Rambi Raceway) was a short track located on U.S. Route 501 near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The track was built in 1958.

The speedway was a semi-banked asphalt oval track that spans 0.538 miles (0.866 km).The NASCAR Cup Series competed at the Speedway from 1958 through 1965. The NASCAR Busch Series raced at Myrtle Beach Speedway from 1988 to 2000.

Over the years, Myrtle Beach Speedway has been the training grounds for some of NASCAR's biggest stars including Jeff Gordon (former Busch Series track record holder). All four generations of Pettys (Lee, Richard, Kyle, and Adam) and three generations of Earnhardts (Ralph, Dale Sr., Dale Jr., and Kelley) have taken a green flag around the asphalt oval that spans 0.538 miles (0.866 km).

Lee Petty
Lee Arnold Petty (March 14, 1914 – April 5, 2000) was an American stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He is the patriarch of the Petty racing family. He was one of the early pioneers of NASCAR and one of its first stars. He was NASCAR's first three-time Cup champion. He is the father of Richard Petty, who went on to become one of the most successful stock car racing drivers in history. He is also the grandfather of Kyle Petty and great grandfather of Adam Petty.
Hopps
Hopps is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Hopps (1894–1976), British military aviator

Harry Ryle Hopps (1869–1937), US businessman and artist

Jimmy Hopps (born 1939), US jazz drummer

John Hopps (physicist) (1939-2004), US physicist and politician

John Alexander Hopps (1919–1998), Canadian biomedical engineer

Walter Hopps (1932–2005), US museum director and curator

John Hopps (physicist)
John H. Hopps (1939 – May 14, 2004) was an American physicist and politician. A native of Dallas, Texas, Hopps was a Ford Scholar to Morehouse College, also receiving degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (where he was a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity) and Brandeis University. After his graduation in 1971, Hopps joined the faculty at Ohio State University, and later accepted a research position in nuclear engineering at MIT, and was a member of leadership at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory.

In 1992, Hopps joined the National Science Foundation, where he was director of the division of materials sciences, and in 1995 returned to Morehouse, where he became provost and senior vice-president. Hopps was appointed by President George W. Bush as deputy Undersecretary of Defense, in 2001, where he oversaw research for defense and engineering, a position he held until his death on 14 May 2004 in Potomac, Maryland.