hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paludamentum
In Republican and Imperial Rome, the paludamentum (pl. paludamenta) was a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders (e.g., the legatus) and rather less often by their troops. As supreme commander of the whole Roman army, Roman emperors were often portrayed wearing it in their statues and on their coinage. After the reign of Augustus, the paludamentum was restricted to the Emperor. Children would also wear it sometimes, when there was bad weather and they needed protection.

The paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in colour, or sometimes white. It was fastened at the shoulder with a clasp, called a fibula, whose form and size varied through time. Putting on the paludamentum was a ceremonial act on setting out for war.

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
Gatiali
Gatiali (or Patan Gatiali or  Gatiyalian) is a village in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located north of Jhelum city and South of Mangla Dam.

Today a small village on the west Jhelum River bank in Punjab, in fact in east of Gatiali's land there is only border of Azad Kashmir. Importance of this small village in the history is not known but the Road from Jhelum to Mangla on the River Jhelum's West bank Called Jhelum-Gatiali-Shekhupura Road (Shekhupura is a village on Mangla Dina Road where is the link).

The famous project of bridge on Jhelum River to link the Azad Kashmir with Pakistan directly is located near to Gatiali Village and Called Pull Patan Gatyalian.

Another evidence is the Gatiali Gate in Rohtas Fort. It is a single gate 9.15 metres high and 6.1 metres deep. This gate faces to the village Gatali Ford (ravine) which is called also Patan Gatiali or Gatiyalian, the important point to cross the River Jhelum for the Kashmir Valley, thus the name.

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Langford Lovell Price
Langford Lovell Price (1862–1950) was an English economist, born in London.  He was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, became fellow and treasurer of Oriel in 1888, and was Newmarch lecturer in statistics at University College London in 1895–96.  In 1897 he was governor of Dulwich College and in 1898 was appointed an examiner in the "Moral Sciences Tripos" at Cambridge.

Dulwich College
Dulwich College is a 2–18 private, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. As a public school, it began as the College of God's Gift, founded in 1619 by Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars. It began to grow into a large school from 1857 and took its current form in 1870, when it moved into its current premises.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group.

Admission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. In the 2025 A-levels, the school saw 67.7% of its candidates score A*/A.
Đèo Văn Trị
Đèo Văn Trị (chữ Hán: 刁文持, 1849 – 1908 in Lai Châu) also known as his Lao name Cam Oum (or Khamhum, Lao: ຄຳອຸ້ມ), was the White Tai leader at Muang Lay in the Sip Song Chau Tai or Federation of the Twelve Tai states, of the Tai Dam people.

Tai Dón people
White Tai (in Tai Dón, ꪼꪕꪒꪮꪙꫀ, /taj˦˦.dɔn˦˥/; in Thai language and Lao language Tai Khao; in Vietnamese language Tai Dón or Thái Trắng, in Chinese language Dai Duan) is an ethnic group of Laos, Vietnam and China. In Vietnam they are called Tai Dón or Thái Trắng and are included in the group of the Tái peoples, together with the Thái Đen ("Black Tai"), Thái Đỏ ("Red Tai"), Phu Thai, Tày Thanh and Thái Hàng Tổng. The group of the Tái people is the third largest of the fifty-four ethnic groups recognized by the Vietnamese government. They immigrated to Vietnam and Laos from Yunnan (China)
Common year starting on Saturday
A common year starting on Saturday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Saturday, 1 January, and ends on Saturday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is B. The most recent year of such kind was 2022, and the next one will be 2033 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2023 and 2034 in the obsolete Julian calendar.  See below for more.

Any common year that starts on Saturday has only one Friday the 13th: the only one in this common year occurs in May. Leap years starting on Friday share this characteristic.

From July of the year that precedes this year until September in this type of year is the longest period (14 months) that occurs without a Tuesday the 13th.

This year has three months (January, May and October) which begin on a weekend-day.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Guo Wei Zhong
Guo Wei Zhong is a paralympic athlete from China competing mainly in category F42 high and long jump events.

Guo Wei Zhong has competed in both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics, on both occasion he competed in the long jump and won silver in the high jump.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Damují River
The Damují River is a Cuban river situated south of Los Toros, close to Punta Bélico. It is born in the Cienfuegos municipality of Lajas and flows west, ending in the bay of Cienfuegos. It covers the municipalities of Rodas, Palmira, Abreus and Cienfuegos. It is the largest and most important river on the southern slope of the country. It has several streams and smaller streams as tributaries. It has an estimated temperature of 24°C.

The main ships of the Cuban Navy are called Rio Damují class in honor of this river.

Rodas
Rodas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈroðas]) is a municipality and town in the Cienfuegos Province of Cuba. It was founded in 1859 under the name of Lechuzo. In 1879 it was renamed Rodas in honour of capitán general Caballero de Rodas.
1980 CCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1980 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the ninth CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 7 and March 15, 1980. All games were played at Lakeview Arena in Marquette, Michigan, the home venue of the Northern Michigan Wildcats. By winning the tournament, Northern Michigan received the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's invitation to play in a first round game created to allow entrance into the tournament for the CCHA.

Northern Michigan Wildcats men's ice hockey
The Northern Michigan Wildcats men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Northern Michigan University (NMU). The Wildcats are a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). NMU has won one national title and has made three Frozen Four appearances. They play at the Berry Events Center in Marquette, Michigan.
Italian electoral law of 1993
The Italian electoral law of 1993 (better known as Mattarellum) was a reform of the electoral laws of Italy, passed on 4 August 1993. The nickname, conceived by Giovanni Sartori, derived from its author Sergio Mattarella. The law was also nicknamed Minotaur (from the mythical creature of Greek Mythology), for being a combination of two different parts (majority and proportional system).

The law replaced the proportional representation used in Italy since 1946, just after the end of the Second World War. It was replaced in 2005 by another law named Porcellum in reference to a comment by Roberto Calderoli.

Minotaur
In Greek mythology, the Minotaur (Ancient Greek: Μινώταυρος, Mīnṓtauros), also known as Asterion or Asterius, is a mythical creature portrayed during classical antiquity with the head and tail of a bull and the body of a man(p 34) or, as described by Roman poet Ovid, a being "part man and part bull". He dwelt at the center of the Labyrinth, which was an elaborate maze-like construction designed by the architect Daedalus and his son Icarus, upon command of King Minos of Crete. According to tradition, every nine years the people of Athens were compelled by King Minos to choose fourteen young noble citizens (seven men and seven women) to be offered as sacrificial victims to the Minotaur in retribution for the death of Minos's son Androgeos. The Minotaur was eventually slain by the Athenian hero Theseus, who managed to navigate the labyrinth with the help of a thread offered to him by the King's daughter, Ariadne.
Dan Rees (rugby)
Daniel Rees (born 1876, died April 1943) was a Wales international rugby union and rugby league centre who played club rugby for Swansea and Hull Kingston Rovers. Thomas was a twice Triple Crown winner, after representing Wales during the 1900 and 1905 Home Nations Championships. Later in his career he switched to professional rugby league, joining Hull Kingston Rovers. He was described as a "speedy threequarter with a deceptive action", and would have won more than his five international caps had he not been in competition with Gwyn Nicholls for the centre position.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.
Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve
The Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve is a state park and wildlife refuge in the U.S. state of Alaska near Haines. Established in 1982, the park covers 49,320 acres (199.6 km2), mainly along the Chilkat River, with sections along the Klehini and Tsirku rivers.

The preserve is home to the world's largest concentration of bald eagles. 200 to 400 birds live there year-round, with up to 4,000 observed during the annual Fall Congregation.

The Haines Highway from miles 12–18 (km 19–29) is a popular viewing location.

Haines Highway
The Haines Highway or Haines Cut-Off (and still often called Haines Road) is a highway that connects Haines, Alaska, in the United States, with Haines Junction, Yukon, Canada, passing through the province of British Columbia. It follows the route of the old Dalton Trail from the port of Haines inland for about 180 kilometres (110 miles) to Klukshu, Yukon, and then continues to Haines Junction. The highway is about 244 km (152 mi) long, of which 45 miles (72 km) is in Alaska.

The highway was known as "Yukon Highway 4" until 1978, when it was renumbered "Highway 3". It has no number in British Columbia, but editions of The Milepost up to at least 2004 list it as Highway 4, a number actually in use on Vancouver Island. The Alaska section is part of Alaska Route 7.
Willy Bretscher
Willy Bretscher (1897, Winterthur – 1992) was a Swiss newspaper writer and editor.

Bretscher began his career as a secretary with the Neues Winterthurer Tagblatt, subsequently having his work taken up by numerous publications. In 1917 he took a position with the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, becoming in 1925 its Berlin correspondent.  Bretscher voiced a strong dislike for Socialism, finding it too close to Communism, and in his position was able to witness firsthand the troubles of the Weimar Republic. He was made the Zeitung's editor-in-chief in 1933, holding the post until 1967. Bretscher aided in the early development of Liberal International; he died in 1992.

Liberal International
Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organisation of liberal political parties. The political international was formed in November 1946, and constituted with the Oxford Manifesto in April 1947. It has become the pre-eminent network for liberal and progressive democratic parties aiming to strengthen liberalism and democratic values around the world. Its headquarters are within the National Liberal Club, in London. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organisations.
Desh Pardesh
Desh Pardesh (1988 - 2001) was an annual arts festival in Toronto that focused on queer and South Asian culture. Desh's mandate was queer-positive, feminist, anti-racist, anti-imperialist, and anti caste/classist.

Desh Pardesh is Hindi for "home away from home" or "at home abroad". The festival was an intersection of politics, culture, and activism that aimed to battle stereotypes of lesbians and gays within the South Asian community and to undo North American assumptions about South Asians. The festival consisted of film screenings, workshops, seminars, readings of literary work, performance art, as well as music and dance performances. These programs were typically followed by question and answer sessions with the presenting artists. Desh also hosted discussion groups, exhibitions, workshops, networking sessions, receptions, and dance parties.

Seminar
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted.
Jason Madz
Jason Madz (born 3 February 1973) is an Australian former professional rugby union player.

Madz attended Trinity Grammar School and the University of Sydney. He was an Australian under-21s, Emerging Wallabies and Australian Universities representative. A centre, Madz was runner-up in the Shute Shield's best and fairest in 1995 playing with West Harbour, then appeared in the first two Super 12 seasons with the Waratahs. Before retiring, Madz had several seasons in France with Pau and Toulon. He represented Israel in rugby sevens.

West Harbour RFC
The West Harbour Rugby Football Club is a professional Australian rugby union club based in Concord, New South Wales. Founded in 1900 as the Western Suburbs District R.U.F.C., the club is one of the oldest in Australia and competes in the Shute Shield, the premier New South Wales club competition.

The club's home ground is Concord Oval, which holds a significant place in Australian rugby history as a key venue for the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987.
Irrepetible
Irrepetible (English: Unrepeatable) is a studio album by Puerto Rican salsa music Gilberto Santa Rosa released on June 29, 2010. The album reached #1 on the Tropical Albums and the lead single "Vivir Sin Ti" reached #1 on Latin Tropical Airplay

Gilberto Santa Rosa
Gilberto Santa Rosa Cortés (pronounced [xilˈβeɾto santa ɾosa]), nicknamed "El Caballero de la Salsa" (The Gentleman of Salsa) (born August 21, 1962), is a Puerto Rican bandleader and singer of salsa and bolero. He is a six-time Grammy Award winner and has sold over three million records in the United States and Puerto Rico. Santa Rosa also starred in a comedy.
Les Kurbas Prize
The Les Kurbas Prize is an award of Ukraine in the field of theatrical art, established in 1995 by the Ministry of Culture and the National Union of Theater Actors of Ukraine in honor of the Ukrainian director, actor, theater theorist, and playwright Les Kurbas.

Les Kurbas
Oleksandr-Zenon Stepanovych Kurbas (Ukrainian: Олександр-Зенон Степанович Курбас; 25 February 1887 – 3 November 1937) , was a Ukrainian movie and theater director. He is considered by many to be the most important Ukrainian theater director of the 20th century. He formed, together with Vsevolod Meyerhold, Yevgeny Vakhtangov and several other directors, the Soviet theater avant-garde in the 1920s and 1930s. He is one of the most prominent representatives of Ukrainian avant-garde art. He is considered to be one of the lead figures of the Executed Renaissance. He was murdered by the Soviet regime, during Stalin's Great Terror.
Véronyque Tremblay
Véronyque Tremblay (born January 27, 1974) is a Canadian journalist and politician. She represented the electoral district of Chauveau as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.

Born in Saint-Ambroise, Quebec, Tremblay was a television and radio journalist for TQS, TVA, Le Canal Nouvelles and CJMF-FM, prior to becoming a politician.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Sant Tukaram Nagar
Sant Tukaram Nagar is located in the suburbs of Pune, India.

Sant Tukaram Nagar and Vallabh Nagar are close to each other. Sant Tukaram Nagar is famous for D. Y. Patil College- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune and Yashwantrao Chavan Municipal Hospital (YCM).

Sant Tukaram Nagar comes under Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation but has its own fire department, police station and waste disposal services. Because of the colleges many students live here as paying guests, which is a significant source of income for the locals.

Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) is the civic body that governs the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad, from state of Maharashtra, was established on 11 October 1982. It governs an area of 181 km2 with a population of 1.72 million. The executive power of the PCMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The position is held by Shekhar Singh (IAS) during the pandemic in late December 2020. The general body of the PCMC consists of 128 directly elected councilors, popularly known as "corporators", headed by a mayor. Rahul Jadhav (BJP) was elected as the mayor and Sachin Chinchwade (BJP) as the deputy mayor in August 2018. The PCMC headquarters is situated in Pimpri on the Old Pune-Mumbai Highway.
Les Beasley
Les Beasley (August 16, 1928 – November 17, 2018)  was an American Southern Gospel musician. From 1953 to 2007 he was the lead singer, bass guitarist, and manager for the Florida Boys. He was considered to be one of the pioneers of Gospel Music TV.

Gospel Music Association
The Gospel Music Association (GMA) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1964 for the purpose of supporting and promoting the development of all forms of gospel music. As of 2011, there are about 4,000 members worldwide. The GMA's membership comprises a network of artists, industry leaders, retail stores, radio stations, concert promoters and local churches involved with the wider Christian music industry.
Paulus Glacier
Paulus Glacier (69°24′S 70°33′W﻿ / ﻿69.400°S 70.550°W﻿ / -69.400; -70.550) is a glacier west of Mount Cupola, flowing southeast from Rouen Mountains into Hampton Glacier, north Alexander Island, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and mapped from the air photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1960. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Lieutenant Commander John F. Paulus, U.S. Navy, LC-130 aircraft commander, Squadron VXE-6, U.S. Navy Operation Deepfreeze, 1969 and 1970.

Mount Cupola
Mount Cupola (69°21′S 70°27′W﻿ / ﻿69.350°S 70.450°W﻿ / -69.350; -70.450) is a dome-shaped mountain, 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) high, marking the southeastern limit of the Rouen Mountains in the northern part of Alexander Island. It was first photographed from the air by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937, and surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The descriptive name was given by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960. Mount Cupola is the fifth-highest point of Alexander Island, succeeded by Mount Huckle in the Douglas Range.
Kindle (surname)
Kindle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Florian Kindle (1907–1994), Liechtenstein politician

Samuel Kindle (1924–2009), Liechtenstein politician

Herbert Kindle (1929–2009), Liechtenstein politician

Paul Kindle (1930–2016), President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein

Hermann Kindle (born 1935), skier from Liechtenstein

Silvan Kindle (1936–2025), alpine skier from Liechtenstein

Johann Kindle (born 1944), Liechtenstein politician

Greg Kindle (born 1950), American player of gridiron football

Jolanda Kindle (born 1965) alpine skier from Liechtenstein

Elmar Kindle (born 1968), Liechtenstein engineer and politician

Marion Kindle-Kühnis (born 1979), Liechtenstein politician

Carmen Heeb-Kindle (born 1985), Liechtenstein teacher and politician

Sergio Kindle (born 1987), American football player

Nicola Kindle (born 1991), skier from Liechtenstein

Silvan Kindle
Silvan Kindle (10 July 1936 – 28 December 2025) was a Liechtensteiner alpine skier who competed in the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Kindle died after a short serious illness on 28 December 2025, at the age of 89.