hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation
Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation was a court case involving a group of New York City teenagers who claimed that the fast food from  McDonald's caused their obesity.
The plaintiffs, Ashley Pelman, 14, and Jazlyn Bradley, 19, among others, said they did not know how fattening the food was and complained of high blood pressure and high cholesterol, among other ailments. One plaintiff, a 600-pound 15-year-old, said he ate McDonald's everyday. Lawyers argued advertising to children helped foster a trust of the food's nutritional value.
Judge Robert W. Sweet dismissed the case in 2003 and said "it is not the place of the law to protect them against their own excesses". However, the plaintiffs appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and in 2005 the circuit court vacated the district court's dismissal and reinstated some of the claims as incorrectly dismissed. 
Ultimately, the lawsuit failed when it was denied class-action status in 2010.

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Connecticut

Eastern District of New York

Northern District of New York

Southern District of New York

Western District of New York

District of Vermont
Miles Battle
Miles Christopher Battle (born January 4, 2000) is an American professional football cornerback for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ole Miss Rebels and the Utah Utes.

2024 NFL draft
The 2024 NFL draft was the 89th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players. The draft was held at Campus Martius Park and Hart Plaza in Detroit on April 25–27, 2024. The draft had an attendance of over 775,000, breaking the record previously set in 2019.

Six quarterbacks were selected in the first round—Caleb Williams, Jayden Daniels, Drake Maye, Michael Penix Jr., J. J. McCarthy, and Bo Nix—tying the record from 1983. The six were within the first 12 picks, with five in the top 10. Conversely, for the first time since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, no quarterbacks were selected in the second through fourth rounds. Seven wide receivers were also selected in the first round, tying the record from 2004. A record 23 offensive players were selected in the first round, with 14 consecutive offensive players to start the draft.
Rasmus Hjort
Rasmus Hjort (c. 1525 – 17 April 1604) was a Norwegian priest and humanist.

Neither his exact birthplace or his parentage are unknown. His training had been associated with Poul Madsen (1527–1590), Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand in Denmark. He worked at the Oslo Cathedral School, where he advanced to rector.  From 1562 he served as dean in Tønsberg which Bishop Frants Berg had ceded to him.

He was married to Gidse Frantsdatter Berg, a daughter of Bishop Frants Berg. He is also known for his role as father. In 1613, three of his sons were accused of supporting Roman Catholicism. At that time, strong measures in Denmark and Norway were being made against Catholicism, especially supporters of the Jesuits, due to fear of the Counter-Reformation movement. Two of his sons, Christoffer Hjort, chapel of Akershus Castle and Jacob Hjort, vicar at Onsøy were expelled.

Anti-Catholicism in Norway
Anti-Catholicism in Norway, was from 1537 onwards, persecution of Catholics in Norway, and the Counter-Reformation movement in the country. The persecutions was orchestrated by the Kings of Denmark–Norway, but after 1814 it was orchestrated by the Norwegian government.
Western Cyclone
Western Cyclone is a 1943 American Producers Releasing Corporation Western film of the "Billy the Kid" series directed by Sam Newfield.  The film is also known as Frontier Fighters (cut American reissue title).

Al St. John
Alfred St. John (September 10, 1892 – January 21, 1963) was an early American motion-picture comedian. He was a nephew of silent film star Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, with whom he often performed on screen. Also credited as Al Saint John and "Fuzzy" St. John, he was employed by Mack Sennett and also worked with many other leading players such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Mabel Normand. His film career successfully transitioned from the silent era into sound, and by the late 1930s and 1940s he was working predominantly in Westerns, often portraying the scruffy comedy-relief character "Fuzzy Q. Jones". Among his notable performances in that role are in the "Billy the Kid" series of films released by the Producers Releasing Corporation from 1940 to 1946 and in that company's "Lone Rider" series from 1941 to 1943.
Daddy Gets Married
Daddy Gets Married (original Polish title: Papa się żeni) is a 1936 Polish comedy film written by Karol Jarossy and adapted from a play by Wincenty Rapacki by Jan Fethke and directed by Michał Waszyński.

The film is also referred to in English as Papa is Getting Married.

1936 in film
The following is an overview of 1936 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births and deaths. The highest grossing international film of the year was San Francisco, earning more than $5 million worldwide.
Walter Borthwick
Walter Ross Borthwick (4 April 1948 – 24 April 2021) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played for Greenock Morton, Brighton & Hove Albion, East Fife, St Mirren, St Johnstone, and Dunfermline Athletic. He later managed Arbroath and was the first team coach at Hearts during most of the 1980s. Borthwick subsequently worked for the Scottish Football Association in East Lothian, before retiring in March 2013.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.
Truscott, Texas
Truscott is an unincorporated community in Knox County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 50.

It is located at 33°45′15″N 99°48′40″W﻿ / ﻿33.75417°N 99.81111°W﻿ / 33.75417; -99.81111 (33.7542544, -99.8112042), along FM 1756 in north central Knox County, approximately 100 miles north of Abilene.

The community was settled in the 1880s and was named after J.J. Truscott, a local pioneer. The population peaked at around 500 in 1940 and declined thereafter.

Public education in the community of Truscott is provided by the Crowell Independent School District.

Crowell Independent School District
Crowell Independent School District is a public school district based in Crowell, Texas (USA).

The district serves all of Foard County, and extends into small portions of King and Knox counties.

Crowell ISD has one campus, and it serves grades PK-12th.

In 2015, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Malawi Medical Journal
The Malawi Medical Journal (MMJ) is a quarterly open-access, peer-reviewed general medical journal published by the University of Malawi College of Medicine in collaboration with the Medical Association of Malawi. It was founded in 1979 as Medical Quarterly and relaunched under its current name in 1991. The journal focuses on clinical medicine, public health, and health policy relevant to Malawi and the wider sub-Saharan African region. Its current editor-in-chief is Professor Adamson Muula. According to the Journal Citation Reports, it had an impact factor of 1.123 in 2017.

Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
The Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS) is a public university in Malawi. It was created in 2019 by separating and then merging the College of Medicine and the Kamuzu College of Nursing from the University of Malawi. The Faculty of Medicine of KUHeS is the only medical school in Malawi.
Textile Workers' Union
The Textile Workers' Union is the name of:

Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union, in Great Britain

Australian Textile Workers' Union

Coimbatore District Textile Workers Union, in India

Danish Textile Workers' Union

Northern Ireland Textile Workers' Union

Portadown Textile Workers' Union, in Northern Ireland

Scottish Textile Workers' Union

Textile Workers' Union (Finland)

Textile Workers Union of America

Textile Workers' Union (Finland)
The Textile Workers' Union (Finnish: Tekstiilityöväen Liitto) was a trade union representing workers in the textile industry in Finland.

The Textile and Knitting Workers' Union was affiliated to the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK) until 1960 but then joined the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ) split. The SAK decided to create a new union, to represent textile workers who wished to remain affiliated to the SAK. By 1970, it had 34,003 members.

In 1969, the SAK and the SAJ merged to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions. In response, the following year, the Textile Workers' Union merged with the Textile and Knitting Workers' Union, and the Union of Clothing Workers, to form the Textile and Clothing Workers' Union.
Espiche River
The Espiche River (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɨʃˈpiʃɨ]) is a small river in the south central region of the Algarve, Portugal which rises a little south-east of the village of Algoz. It runs south towards the south coast, and its mouth is at the Praia dos Salgados between Armação de Pêra and Albufeira.

Armação de Pêra
Armação de Pêra is a town (vila) and Portuguese parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Silves. The population in 2011 was 4,867, in an area of 7.99 km2. The village used to be called Pêra de Baixo  or Lower Pêra to distinguish it from the present Pêra, which was then named Pêra de Cima or Upper Pêra.

The town (vila in Portuguese) of Armação de Pêra is a popular tourist center with fine beaches, hotels, cafés and restaurants. It is on a broad bay that stretches from Pont da Galé to Senhora da Rocha. Its beaches extend from Praia dos Pescadores or the Fishermen's Beach, to Salomão beach, including those of Maré Grande and Beijinhos.

The town is one of the last places in the region where fishing boats are launched from and recovered to the actual beach. There is no harbour.
Vanparys Confiserie
Vanparys Confiserie B.V. is a Belgian confectionery company founded in 1769 by Felix Vanparys in Brussels, near  Sablon, Belgium. The company produces chocolate and sugar-coated confections but specializes in dragées (sugar-coated chocolate and almonds), which features often in Christian and Islamic traditions and celebrations. The recipe and the preparation of its dragées, dates back over 125 years ago, and are still being continued today.

In 2012, Vanparys extended its selection of confections to include a range of chocolate-coated nuts, fruits, and coffee beans – as well as a variety of seasonal confectioneries such as praliné eggs and fondant chicks for Easter. Each season, Vanparys introduces a range of new colours to its palette.

Presently, the company is located in Evere, Brussels, and exports to many countries including the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, the UK, Germany, Poland, China, Turkey, Tunisia, Japan, and Portugal.

Sablon, Brussels
The Sablon (French, pronounced [sablɔ̃] ⓘ) or Zavel (Dutch, pronounced [ˈzaːvəl] ⓘ) is a neighbourhood and hill in the historic upper town of Brussels, Belgium. At its heart are twin squares: the larger Grand Sablon (French) or Grote Zavel (Dutch; "Large Sablon") square in the north-west and the smaller Petit Sablon (French) or Kleine Zavel (Dutch; "Small Sablon") square and garden in the south-east, divided by the Church of Our Lady of Victories at the Sablon and the Rue de la Régence/Regentschapstraat.

The Sablon is a swanky district, where an antiques market is held, and in which antique and art dealers, as well as other luxury shops, have their businesses. This area is served by Brussels-Chapel railway station and Brussels-Central railway station, as well as the tram stop Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavel (on lines 92 and 93).
Charlotte Vincent
Charlotte Vincent is a British choreographer and the artistic director of Vincent Dance Theatre.

Vincent founded the Vincent Dance Theatre in Sheffield in 1994. It is an Arts Council England National Portfolio Organisation for 2018–22, allocated grants of £249,999 in each of the four years, and is an Associate Company of Brighton Dome.

In an Observer review of the company's 21st-anniversary residency at Shoreditch Town Hall in 2015, Luke Jennings said: "Funny, fearless and flintily determined, Vincent inspires unshakable loyalty in her dancers, and is one of the most important feminist artists working in Britain today. Contemporary dance fans should beat a path to her door."

In 2019 Vincent created her first installation piece, Virgin Territory a "multi-screen dance film installation" which "asks vital questions about responsibility as we witness children playing in an adult online world", in the Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne.

Brighton Dome
The Brighton Dome is an arts venue in Brighton, England, that contains the Concert Hall, the Corn Exchange and the Studio Theatre (formerly the Pavilion Theatre). All three venues are linked to the rest of the Royal Pavilion Estate by a tunnel to the Royal Pavilion in Pavilion Gardens and through shared corridors to Brighton Museum. The Brighton Dome is a Grade I listed building.
2013 Sylvania 300
The 2013 Sylvania 300 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on September 22, 2013, at  New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire. Contested over 300 laps, it was the twenty-eighth in the 2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, as well as the second race in the ten-race Chase for the Sprint Cup, which ends the season. Matt Kenseth of Joe Gibbs Racing won the race, his seventh of the season. Kyle Busch finished second. Greg Biffle, Jimmie Johnson, and Jamie McMurray rounded out the top five.

Loudon, New Hampshire
Loudon is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,576 at the 2020 census. Loudon is the home of New Hampshire Motor Speedway.

The main village in town, where 711 people lived at the 2020 census, is defined as the Loudon census-designated place and is located along the Soucook River at the southern terminus of New Hampshire Route 129.
Ward No. 32, Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Ward No. 32, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 3, covering parts of Kankurgachi, Bagmari and Ultadanga (Murari Pukur-Sreekrishna Colony) neighbourhoods in North Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the local government of the Indian city of Kolkata, the state capital of West Bengal. This civic administrative body administers an area of 206.08 square kilometres (79.57 sq mi). Its motto, Puroshri Bibardhan, is inscribed on its emblem in Bengali script. It is headed by a mayor, who presides over 144 councillors, each of whom represents one of the 144 wards of the city.
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus or Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is a coronavirus which infects pigs. It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. The virus is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, subgenus Tegacovirus, species Alphacoronavirus suis.

Proteins that contribute to the overall structure of TGEV include the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N). The genomic size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 22 kilobases (kb) to 36 kb. Other coronaviruses that belong to the species Alphacoronavirus suis are Feline coronavirus,  Canine coronavirus and Feline infectious peritonitis virus.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Everybody (play)
Everybody is a play written by Branden Jacobs-Jenkins. It is a modern adaptation of the 15th-century morality play Everyman, one of the first recorded plays in the English language. The play premiered Off-Broadway at the Irene Diamond Stage at Signature Theatre Company on February 21, 2017, with previews beginning January 31, 2017 and a closing date of March 19, 2017. The play features the unique casting quirk of using a lottery system to define the roles of the play. Each actor must memorize the entire script and be prepared to play any role. This is meant to symbolize the randomness of death. The original production was directed by Lila Neugebauer and featured an ensemble of nine performers.

Signature Theatre Company
Signature Theatre Company is a nonprofit Off Broadway theatre company located on West 42nd Street in New York City. It was founded in 1991 by James Houghton and is now led by Artistic Director Emily Shooltz. Signature is known for their season-long focus on one artist's work. It has been located in the Pershing Square Signature Center since 2012.
2008 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Mikhail Youzhny was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Janko Tipsarević.

None of the 8 seeded players reached quarter-finals. Michaël Llodra won his only ATP 500 singles final 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 7–6(7–4), against Robin Söderling.

Michaël Llodra
Michaël Llodra (French pronunciation: [mikaɛl jɔdʁa]; born 18 May 1980) is a French former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 3 in men's doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), winning 26 career doubles titles, including three majors and an Olympic silver medal. Llodra also had success in singles, winning five career titles and with victories over Novak Djokovic, Juan Martín del Potro, Tomáš Berdych, Robin Söderling, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Nikolay Davydenko, Janko Tipsarević and John Isner. Llodra has been called "the best volleyer on tour."
Manuel Andrade Díaz
Manuel Andrade Díaz (born 1965 in Villahermosa, Tabasco) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI and former Governor of Tabasco. He holds a law degree from the University Juárez Autónoma of Tabasco and qualified in Electoral Law and Parliamentary Law.

Villahermosa
Villahermosa (/ˌviː(j)əɛərˈmoʊsə/ VEE-(y)ə-air-MOH-sə, Spanish: [ˌbiʝaeɾˈmosa] ⓘ; "Beautiful Town") is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Tabasco, and serves as the municipal seat (governing county) of the state. Located in Southeast Mexico, Villahermosa is an important city because of its cultural history, natural resources, commercial development, and modern industrialization.
Careers TV
Careers TV was a weekly Canadian daytime television series providing viewers with information about the Canadian job market to help them professionally and personally. The format was entertaining, sending reporters across the country to interview people about unique careers and business opportunities. First aired in 2002, the 30-minute program was carried on channels such as Canadian Learning Television and Access.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
George H. Walsh
George H. Walsh (November 24, 1845 – April 2, 1913) was a Canadian born, American newspaper editor and publisher from Grand Forks, North Dakota. He served on the council of the Dakota Territory and was instrumental in the founding of the University of North Dakota.

Born in Montreal, Canada East, Walsh was one of the earliest settlers of Grand Forks. He was selected as a member of the Territorial Council, serving from 1879 until 1889. The council, in turn, elected him their president from 1879 until 1881. He also served in the North Dakota House of Representatives and as speaker during the 1893 session.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Kinemage
A kinemage (short for kinetic image) is an interactive graphic scientific illustration. It often is used to visualize molecules, especially proteins  although it can also represent other types of 3-dimensional data (such as geometric figures, social networks, or tetrahedra of RNA base composition). The kinemage system is designed to optimize ease of use, interactive performance, and the perception and communication of detailed 3D information.  The kinemage information is stored in a text file, human- and machine-readable, that describes the hierarchy of display objects and their properties, and includes optional explanatory text. The kinemage format is a defined chemical MIME type of 'chemical/x-kinemage' with the file extension '.kin'.

Chemical file format
A chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically for depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format, which is similar to Structure Data Format (SDF) files. They are text files that represent multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields. The XYZ file format is a simple format that usually gives the number of atoms in the first line, a comment on the second, followed by a number of lines with atomic symbols (or atomic numbers) and cartesian coordinates. The Protein Data Bank Format is commonly used for proteins but is also used for other types of molecules. There are many other types which are detailed below. Various software systems are available to convert from one format to another.