hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Close-up lens
1 - Close-up lens.

2 - Camera objective lens (set to infinity).

3 - Camera.

4 - Film or CCD plane.

y - Object

y" - Image

In photography, a close-up lens (sometimes referred to as close-up filter or a macro filter) is a simple secondary lens used  to enable macro photography without requiring a specialised primary lens. They work like reading glasses, allowing a primary lens to focus more closely. Bringing the focus closer allows the photographer more possibilities.

Close-up lenses typically mount on the filter thread of the primary lens, and are often manufactured and sold by suppliers of photographic filters. Nonetheless, they are lenses and not filters. Some manufacturers refer to their close-up lenses as diopters, after the unit of measurement of their optical power.

Close-up lenses do not affect exposure, unlike extension tubes, which also can be used for macro photography with a non-macro lens.

Corrective lens
A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye. Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye. Intraocular lenses are surgically implanted most commonly after cataract removal but can be used for purely refractive purposes.
Tarutung
Tarutung (Dutch: Taroetoeng) is a district, town and the administrative capital (Regency seat) of North Tapanuli Regency (Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara), North Sumatra, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Tarutung in the Batak language means "durian" and town was named after the durian trees that grow there.

Regency seat
A regency seat (Indonesian: Ibu kota kabupaten) is a capital or seat of government of a regency in Indonesia. It is roughly equivalent of county seat in the United States or county town in the United Kingdom. Legally, regency seats are not administrative subdivisions of Indonesia and have no official boundaries. A regency seat may occupy an entire district (such as Sigli in Pidie Regency, Ngawi (town) in Ngawi Regency), a part of district (such as Sarilamak in Harau district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency), or several districts (such as Ungaran, which consists of West Ungaran district and East Ungaran district in  Semarang Regency).

The regent offices in most Indonesian regencies usually have Traditional design representing a Region, although dome in a roof sometimes can be added in some Indonesian regent offices, resembling a U.S. state capitol or a county courthouse.
Emily Parmely Collins
Emily Parmely Collins (née, Parmely; after first marriage, Peltier; after second marriage, Collins; pen name, Justitia; August 11, 1814 – April 14, 1909) was an American woman suffragist, women's rights activist, and writer of the long nineteenth century. She was the first woman in the United States to establish a society focused on woman suffrage and women's rights, in South Bristol, New York, in 1848. She was an early participant in the abolitionism movement, the temperance movement  as well as a pioneer in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She believed that the full development of a woman's capacities to be of supreme importance to the well-being of humanity; and advocated through the press for woman's educational, industrial and political rights. Collins died in 1909.

Collins, New York
Collins is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The town is on the south border of the county and is considered to be one of the "Southtowns" of Erie County. The population at the 2010 census was 6,601.
Aaron Skelton
Aaron Skelton (born 22 November 1974 in Welwyn Garden City) is a former professional footballer who played at right-back, right-wing, center-midfield and center-back during his time at Luton Town and Colchester.

His More recent achievement, on 15 July 2022, Aaron joined a team of 4 military veterans on the rowing boat Ellida to cross the English Channel from Cherbourg to Poole. This 66 nautical mile trip ended on 16 July after 38.5 hours at sea, with strong winds and tides resulting in a 109-mile row and a Successful crossing. This is a world record having never been completed before. The challenge was created by Adam Elcock MBE and in aid of Injured serviceman in support of the Pilgrim Bandits Charity.

Prior to this, injured serviceman rowed across the channel to also be the first to go from Poole to Cherbourg in a rowing boat, with a team of 5 and only 3 working legs between them.

Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City (/ˈwɛlɪn/ ⓘ WEL-in) is a town in the Welwyn Hatfield district, in Hertfordshire, England, 20 miles (32 km) north of London. It was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948). It is unique in being both a garden city and a new town and exemplifies the physical, social and cultural planning ideals of the periods in which it was built. In 2021 it had a population of 51,505.
Akshay Oberoi
Akshay Oberoi (born 1 January 1985) is an American actor of Indian descent, who works in Hindi films. After making his acting debut as a child in the 2002 comedy-drama American Chai, Oberoi played his first leading role in Rajshri Productions film Isi Life Mein...! (2010). Oberoi has received critical acclaim for his work.

Mid-Day
Mid-Day (stylised as mid-day) is a morning daily Indian compact newspaper. Editions in various languages including Gujarati and English have been published out of Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Pune. In 2011, the Delhi and Bangalore editions were closed down. In 2014, Jagran Prakashan shut down the midday Pune edition as well.
Vellayil railway station
Vellayil railway station (Code: VLL) is a major railway station serving the town of Kozhikode in the Kozhikode district of Kerala, India. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways.  Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Kollam, Bangalore, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Mangalore, Mysore  and so forth.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Sean Qitsualik-Tinsley
Sean Qitsualik-Tinsley is a Canadian writer. He was a winner of the Burt Award for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Literature in 2015 for Skraelings, which he cowrote with his wife Rachel Qitsualik-Tinsley. The book was also a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature at the 2014 Governor General's Awards.

The duo also cowrote the 2008 book Qanuq Pinngurnirmata, a volume of Inuit mythology. The book was reissued in 2015 as How Things Came to Be: Inuit Stories of Creation.

Of Scottish and Mohawk heritage, he was a second-place finalist in the Writers of the Future competition in 2005 for his short story "Green Angel".

Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature
The Governor General's Award for English-language children's writing is a Canadian literary award that annually recognizes one Canadian writer for a children's book written in English. It is one of four children's book awards among the Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit, one each for writers and illustrators of English- and French-language books. The Governor General's Awards program is administered by the Canada Council.

In name, this award is part of the Governor General's Award program only from 1987 but there was a single award for "Juvenile" literature from 1949 to 1958, and the four present-day "Children's" awards were established in 1975 under a Canada Council name. In the event, the "Canada Council" and "Governor General's" awards have recognized writing in an English-language children's book every year from 1975.
Dmitar (kaznac)
Dmitar (Serbian Cyrillic: Дмитар; fl. 1321) or Dimitrije (Димитрије) was a Serbian nobleman that served kings Stefan Milutin and Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–31), with the title of kaznac (chamberlain, camerarius). The title-holder was among the foremost at the Serbian court, taking care of state finances. Stefan Dečanski, after becoming king, allowed Dmitar to donate (as a metochion) his village of Brčele (near Bar, Montenegro) to the Monastery of St. Nicholas on the Vranjina island.

Vranjina
Vranina (Montenegrin: Врањина) is a settlement, island, and a hill in Lake Skadar, in the new Zeta Municipality of Montenegro. It is inherently Albanian land that was given to Montenegro unfairly. Until 2022, it was part of Podgorica Municipality.

Until the first half of the 18th century, Vranina like other islands of Skadar lake, was one of the hills in the Zeta–Skadar lowlands.
Data management plan
A data management plan or DMP is a formal document that outlines how data are to be handled both during a research project, and after the project is completed. The goal of a data management plan is to consider the many aspects of data management, metadata generation, data preservation, and analysis before the project begins; this may lead to data being well-managed in the present, and prepared for preservation in the future.

DMPs were originally used in 1966 to manage aeronautical and engineering projects' data collection and analysis, and expanded across engineering and scientific disciplines in the 1970s and 1980s.  Up until the early 2000s, DMPs were used "for projects of great technical complexity, and for limited mid-study data collection and processing purposes".  In the 2000s and later, E-research and economic policies drove the development and uptake of DMPs.

E-research
The term e-Research (alternately spelled eResearch) refers to the use of information technology to support existing and new forms of research. This extends cyber-infrastructure practices established in STEM fields such as e-Science to cover other all research areas, including HASS fields such as digital humanities.
Funicular dos Guindais
The Guindais Funicular (Portuguese: Funicular dos Guindais) is a funicular railway in the Portuguese city of Porto. It connects the Praça da Batalha, situated uphill to the north, with Cais dos Guindais, by the riverside to the south. The upper station is by the terminus of the vintage tram line 22 and within walking distance of São Bento station for metro and railway connections. The lower station is by the lower level of the Dom Luís I Bridge and within walking distance of the Praça da Ribeira.

The modern funicular opened in 2004 and it runs along the same path of a funicular that briefly operated during the 19th century. It runs alongside the remains of the Fernandine Walls.

Fernandine Walls of Porto
The Walls of Dom Fernando (Portuguese: Muralhas de D. Fernando), or Fernandine Walls (Portuguese: Muralhas Fernandinas), are medieval fortifications located in the civil parish of Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória, in the municipality of Porto, Portuguese Porto.
Romford Greyhound Stadium
Romford Greyhound Stadium, referred to as Coral Romford Greyhound Stadium is a greyhound racing track located in Romford town centre in the London Borough of Havering in east London which is owned and operated by the Ladbrokes Coral group. The stadium has a capacity for over 1,700 people.

The stadium has won several awards including the British Greyhound Racing Board's 'Racecourse of the Year' award in 1998 and again in 2003. Following the closure of Crayford Stadium in January 2025, it is the only remaining greyhound racing stadium in London or the Greater London area.

Crayford Stadium
Crayford Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium located in the London Borough of Bexley in England. The stadium, which featured races from 1986 to 2025, had private suites, a restaurant and a number of bars.

Evening meetings took place every Tuesday and Sunday, with matinée race meetings taking place on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Crayford was owned by Ladbrokes Coral, a subsidiary of Entain. The stadium ceased racing after the 19 January 2025 meeting.
Manne Dipico
Manne Emsley Dipico, first Premier of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, was born in Kimberley on 21 April 1959. He was appointed Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa (Necsa) in 2006. He is Chairman of Ponahalo Holdings (De Beers Group) and Deputy Chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. He is the first President of SA-China People's Friendship Association.

Premier (South Africa)
A premier in South Africa's provinces is the head of the provincial government. This position mirrors the president's role at the national level, functioning as the chief executive and leading the province's executive council. Premiers are chosen by members of the provincial legislature, typically from the dominant political party. Similar to the President and national cabinet, the Premier appoints Members of the Executive Council (MECs) to oversee various provincial departments.
Panihar railway station
Panihar railway station is a railway station on Indore–Gwalior line under the Bhopal railway division of West Central Railway zone. This is situated at Panihar in Gwalior district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

West Central Railway zone
The West Central Railway (abbreviated WCR), one of the 19 zones of the Indian Railways, came into existence on 1 April 2003. It is headquartered at Jabalpur. It was created by taking away two divisions namely Bhopal division and Jabalpur division from central railways and one division namely Kota division from Western Railway zone. The WCR zone provides rail route coverage to the west central region of India. Most of its route is in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with a very little portion in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Godiva (comics)
Godiva is the name of three DC Comics characters. One is a superhero named Dorcas Leigh, while the other two are supervillains.

Godiva (Dorcas Leigh) is a British metahuman who possesses prehensile hair. She was introduced in the Super Friends tie-in comic as a member of the Global Guardians. She was later added to the mainstream continuity, and later in the New 52 as a member of Justice League International.

Super Friends
Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from 1973 to 1985 on ABC as part of its Saturday-morning cartoon lineup. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera and was based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. The title of the series varied from season to season, as did the superheroes on the team. Nine seasons, comprising a total of 93 episodes, were produced.
Pointe d'Archeboc
Pointe d'Archeboc (3,272 m), is a mountain of the Graian Alps on the border between Aosta Valley, Italy and Savoie, France.

A popular peak for ski mountaineering, the Archeboc is a long ridge with three different summits. It is usually climbed from the Valgrisenche side in Italy.

Ski mountaineering
Ski mountaineering (abbreviated to skimo) is a skiing discipline that involves climbing mountains either on skis or carrying them, depending on the steepness of the ascent, and then descending on skis. There are two major categories of equipment used: free-heel telemark skis and skis based on alpine skis, where the heel is free for ascents, but is fixed during descent. The discipline may be practiced recreationally or as a competitive sport.

Competitive ski mountaineering is typically a timed racing event that follows an established trail through challenging winter alpine terrain while passing through a series of checkpoints. Racers climb and descend under their own power using backcountry skiing equipment and techniques. More generally, ski mountaineering is an activity that variously combines ski touring, telemark, backcountry skiing, and mountaineering.

Ski mountaineering made its debut as an Olympic Games event in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
South Tweedsmuir Island
South Tweedsmuir Island is one of the Canadian arctic islands located in Foxe Basin, off the southwest coast of Baffin Island, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Foley Island is to the north, North Tweedsmuir Island is to the northwest, Prince Charles Island is to the west, and Air Force Island is to the south.

South Tweedsmuir Island is uninhabited and its temperatures are extremely cold. It measures 158 km2 (61 sq mi) in area.

The island is named after John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir who served as Governor General of Canada.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Alice Osborne Curwen
Alice Osborne Curwen (c.1902 – July 21, 1983) later Alice Osborn McKeen, was an American zoologist, medical college professor, and clubwoman. She taught anatomy, histology, and embryology classes at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.

Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
Founded in 1850, The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), formally known as The Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, was the first American medical college dedicated to teaching women medicine and allowing them to earn the Doctor of Medicine degree.

In 1867, the college was renamed the Woman's Medical College. The college has trained thousands of women physicians from all over the world, many of whom went on to practice medicine internationally. In 1970, the college became the co-ed Medical College of Pennsylvania. In 1993, the college and hospital merged with Hahnemann Medical School. In 2003, the two colleges were absorbed by Drexel University College of Medicine.
Khemradj Kanhai
Khemradj Kanhai (4 June 1912 – 26 November 1988) was a Surinamese politician of the VHP.

Kanhai was born in Paramaribo. He studied bookkeeping, but failed his examination. He proceeded to work as a shop assistant at Sauwma, and later he became active in wholesale and retail. Kanhai was also a board member of the Chamber of Commerce and Factories.

Kanhai was also active in politics as a board member of the 'Hindu Party' that merged in 1949 into the VHP of which he became the treasurer. At the 1951 Surinamese general election the two seats of the Estates of Suriname for the district Nickerie went to the VHP members Oedayrajsing Varma and Kanhai. Both were re-elected in 1955, but at the election in 1958 the VHP candidates Rambaran Mishre and Kanhai in that district lost to the NOP candidates Poetoe and Kolhoe.

In 1974, a year before Suriname became independent, he moved to Amsterdam where he died in 1988 at the age of 76.

National Assembly (Suriname)
The National Assembly (Dutch: De Nationale Assemblée, commonly abbreviated "DNA") is the Parliament, representing the legislative branch of government in Suriname. It is a unicameral legislature. The assembly has been situated in the former park house at the Independence Square in Paramaribo, after a fire destroyed the old building of representation on 1 August 1996. A reconstruction of the old building was completed in 2022.

The 51 members of parliament are elected every five years by open list proportional representation on the basis of the country's component districts. The most recent elections were held on 25 May 2025. The current Chairman of the Assembly, Marinus Bee, was appointed on 14 July 2020. Dew Sharman was appointed as Vice Chairman on 29 June 2020.
2010 Dubai Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
Cara Black and Liezel Huber were the defending champions; however, they lost in the semifinals 4–6, 6–2, [9–11], against Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik. 
Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez won in the finals 7–6(5), 6–4 against Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik.

Cara Black
Cara Cavell Black (born 17 February 1979) is a Zimbabwean former professional tennis player. Black was primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA Tour and 11 ITF doubles titles. A former doubles world No. 1, she won ten major titles. By winning the 2010 Australian Open mixed doubles title, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having also won one singles title on the WTA Tour, Black peaked at world No. 31 in the singles rankings in March 1999.
Middle River (Isle of Man)
The Middle River is a river in the parish of Braddan in the Isle of Man. It runs from the Colooneys Farm area on the Marown parish border down under the original Fairy Bridge to Oakhill. The river then turns north-eastwards to run past the Pulrose Golf Club to join the River Douglas near The Nunnery.

Middle River has a length of approximately 2.5km (1.55 mi).

Marown
Marown (/məˈraʊn/ mə-ROWN, rhymes with "gown"; Manx: Marooney) is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man. It is the only landlocked parish on the Island.

It is located in the centre of the island, in the sheading of Middle, though historically, from 1796 until 1986, it was in the sheading of Glenfaba.

Settlements in the parish include Braaid, Crosby and Glen Vine.
Very low Earth orbit
Very low Earth orbit (VLEO) is a range of geocentric orbits with lowest altitudes (at perigee) below 400 km (250 mi). It is of increasing commercial importance in a variety of scenarios and for multiple applications, in both private and government satellite operations. Applications include Earth observation (radar, infrared, weather), telecommunications, and rural internet access among others.

Spacecraft may be put into a highly elliptical orbit around Earth with a perigee as low as 80 to 90 km (50 to 56 mi), surviving for multiple orbits. Sub-orbital flight and near space is sometimes considered to be the case up until 160 km of altitude above Earth.

Elliptic orbit
In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptical orbit or eccentric orbit is an orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1; this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with eccentricity equal to 0. Some orbits have been referred to as "elongated orbits" if the eccentricity is "high" but that is not an explanatory term. For the simple two body problem, all orbits are ellipses.

In a gravitational two-body problem, both bodies follow similar elliptical orbits with the same orbital period around their common barycenter. The relative position of one body with respect to the other also follows an elliptic orbit.

In the solar system the dominant mass of the sun ensures planets each follow nearly circular elliptic orbits (e near 0) with the sun at the main focus while comets such as Halley is highly eccentric or elongated orbit (e near 1). Examples of elliptic orbits or trajectories for satellites include Hohmann transfer orbits, Molniya orbits, and tundra orbits.