hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Esemplare (1902)
SS Esemplare [ezemˈplaːre] was a small freighter built during the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1902, she was intended for the West African trade. Sold to an Italian company shortly before the beginning of the First World War in 1914, the ship was captured and scuttled by the German submarine SM UC-27 in August 1917.

SM UC-27
SM UC-27 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 28 June 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 25 July 1916 as SM UC-27. In 14 patrols, UC-27 was credited with sinking 58 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid.

SS Skifted left from Mariehamn at 8:30 o'clock 14 December 1916, carrying 56 military persons, 7 workers, 15 members of the crew, and 13 civilians, a total of 91 persons. One hour later it was hit by the sea mines laid by the UC-27 and sank soon near Ledsun on the territory of the Lemland municipality of Åland. 86 persons died.

UC-27 was surrendered to France on 3 February 1919 and was broken up at Landerneau in July 1921.
Da-ice
Da-ice (ダイス, Daisu; stylized as Da-iCE and pronounced "dice"), is a Japanese boy band. The group consists of five members: Yudai Ohno, Toru Iwaoka, Taiki Kudo, Sota Hanamura, and Hayate Wada. They were formerly signed to Universal Sigma until they transferred to Avex Trax in June 2020. They are currently managed by Avex Management Inc.

Avex Trax
Avex Trax (Japanese: エイベックス トラックス, Hepburn: Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Inc. The label was launched in September 1988, and was the first label by the Group.
Waiting To Dive
Waiting To Dive is a 2001 Canadian coming-of-age middle grade fiction book by Karen Rivers, exploring the life-threatening injury of a best friend in a swimming accident from the perspective of Carly, a nine-year-old girl and the book's protagonist. The book was originally released by small-press imprint Orca Books in 2001, and in 2007 was reprinted with new cover artwork after being picked up by Scholastic. Waiting To Dive received mixed reviews from critics.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Bulgarian train
Bulgarian train (Bosnian, Macedonian, Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: бугарски воз, romanized: bugarski voz; Croatian: bugarski vlak), in Bulgaria known as Indian string (Bulgarian: индианска нишка, romanized: indianska nishka), is a method of vote-rigging with the goal of influencing the election process through the control of ballots. The term was coined by the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the country's general election in October 2010, and has since been used to refer to similar techniques used during elections in some of the ex-Yugoslav republics. The name of the method originates from its widespread use during the European Parliament election held in Bulgaria in June 2009, at which analysts' estimates indicate that 200,000-350,000 votes were sold or coerced.

2010 Bosnian general election
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 3 October 2010. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments.

The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, voters in the Federation elected Bosniak Bakir Izetbegović and re-elected Croat Željko Komšić, while voters in Republika Srpska re-elected Serb Nebojša Radmanović. The Social Democratic Party and the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats emerged as the largest parties in the House of Representatives, each winning 8 of the 42 seats.
1920 Republican Party presidential primaries
From March 9 to June 5, 1920, voters of the Republican Party elected delegates to the 1920 Republican National Convention for the purpose of choosing the party's nominee for president in the 1920 election.

The delegates were largely contested between Governor Hiram Johnson of California, a progressive who had been the running mate of Theodore Roosevelt eight years prior; General Leonard Wood, one of Roosevelt's closest friends; and Frank O. Lowden, the Governor of Illinois.

After a series of primary elections and caucuses, no candidate had emerged with a clear majority of the delegates. At the 1920 Republican National Convention, held from June 8 to June 12, in Chicago, Illinois, the delegations of the leading candidates deadlocked and Warren G. Harding was nominated as a dark horse candidate, although he had only won a few delegates entering the convention.

Caucus
A caucus is a group or meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures.

The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc., in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament (MPs) who belong to a parliamentary party: a party caucus may have the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control.
Christian Nwachukwu Okeke
Christian Nwachukwu Okeke is a professor of International Law, Jurisprudence and Comparative Law at Golden Gate University School of Law, San Francisco California. He is the Director of Sompong Sucharitkul Center for Advanced International Legal Studies and the director of LL.M. and S.J.D. Programs in international legal studies of the institution. He is a former Emeritus Pioneer Dean of Faculty Law at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, and a recipient of Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice (Cross of Honour). Currently, he is the Pro Chancellor of Godfrey Okoye University.

Doctor of Juridical Science
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor), or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; Latin: Juridicae Scientiae Doctor), is a terminal research doctorate degree in law that is equivalent to a Ph.D. degree. In most countries (including the United States), it is the most advanced law degree that can be earned, higher than both a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.).
Nzadi language
Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "from Kwamuntu to Ilebo along the north side of the Kasai River in Bandundu Province." The number of speakers of Nzadi is not known, but is estimated to be in the thousands. The Nzadi language has three dialects, Ngiemba, Lensibun, and Ndzé Ntaa.

Bandundu Province
Bandundu is one of eleven former provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It bordered the provinces of Kinshasa and Bas-Congo to the west, Équateur to the north, and Kasai-Occidental to the east.  The provincial capital is also called Bandundu (formerly Banningstad/Banningville).
Loewy decomposition
In the study of differential equations, the Loewy decomposition breaks every linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) into what are called largest completely irreducible components. It was introduced by Alfred Loewy.

Solving differential equations is one of the most important subfields in mathematics. Of particular interest are solutions in closed form. Breaking ODEs into largest irreducible components, reduces the process of solving the original equation to solving irreducible equations of lowest possible order. This procedure is algorithmic, so that the best possible answer for solving a reducible equation is guaranteed. A detailed discussion may be found in.

Loewy's results have been extended to linear partial differential equations (PDEs) in two independent variables. In this way, algorithmic methods for solving large classes of linear PDEs have become available.

Closed-form expression
In mathematics, a closed form expression or formula is one that is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root, exponential function, logarithm, and trigonometric functions. However, the set of basic functions depends on the context. For example, if one adds polynomial roots to the basic functions, the functions that have a closed form are called elementary functions.

The closed-form problem arises when new ways are introduced for specifying mathematical objects, such as limits, series, and integrals: given an object specified with such tools, a natural problem is to find, if possible, a closed-form expression of this object; that is, an expression of this object in terms of previous ways of specifying it.
Jimmy McColl (footballer, born 1924)
James McColl (13 November 1924 – 8 August 2013) was a Scottish footballer who represented Great Britain at the 1948 Summer Olympics, making two appearances.

A full back, McColl had been with amateur club Queen's Park until the Summer of the Olympics in which he played. After the Olympics he was one of two players in the GB Olympic squad to move that summer from Queens Park to Dumfries club, Queen of the South. The other was Dougie McBain.

McColl spent two seasons at Palmerston Park before he moved on to spend a season at each of Falkirk and Cowdenbeath.

Cowdenbeath F.C.
Cowdenbeath Football Club (/kaʊdənˈbiːθ/ kow-dən-BEETH) is a Scottish semi-professional football team based in Cowdenbeath, Fife. They are members of the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system after their relegation from Scottish League Two on 14 May 2022 following a 4–0 aggregate defeat to Bonnyrigg Rose. Formed in 1881, the club has played at Central Park since 1917. They first joined the Scottish Football League (SFL) in 1905. The club has never won any of the major honours in Scottish football, but have won lower tier divisional titles on five occasions. They competed in the top division of the SFL from 1924 to 1934, but have only completed one further top flight season since, in 1970–71.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo
The Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Serbo-Croatian: Elektrotehnički Fakultet) or ETF is one of the faculties of University of Sarajevo. The faculty was formed in 1961. The Building of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering is on the campus of the University of Sarajevo.

The Faculty is divided into four departments:

Computing and Informatics (RI)

Electrical Power Engineering (EE)

Telecommunication (TK)

Automatic Control and Electronics (AE)

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAI)

For certain specialized laboratories, the Faculty uses facilities in public companies Elektroprivreda BiH and BH Telecom.

Faculty (division)
A faculty or academic division is an academic and administrative unit within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3522
The Papyrus LXX Oxyrhynchus 3522, (signed as P.Oxy.L 3522; Rahlfs 857; LDAB 3079) – is a small fragment of the Greek Septuagint (LXX) written in papyrus, in scroll form. As one of the manuscripts discovered at Oxyrhynchus it has been catalogued with the number 3522. Palaeographically it has been dated to the 1st century CE. The text agrees with the LXX.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
William Cranford
William Cranford was an English composer of consort music for viols. His works include fantasias, variations, and a virtuosic.

Before the British Interregnum, Cranford, who also was a singer, was a lay vicar-choral at St Paul's Cathedral in London.

Selected works by Cranford have been edited by Virginia Brookes published by the now-defunct PRB Productions. His works are among the holdings of Marsh's Library in Dublin.

British Interregnum
The Interregnum in the British Isles began with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (and from  September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1649. During this time the monarchical system of government was replaced with the Commonwealth of England.

The precise start and end of the interregnum, as well as the social and political events that occurred during the interregnum, varied in the three kingdoms and the English dominions.
Temasek Polytechnic
Temasek Polytechnic (TP) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education, Singapore.

Established in 1990, TP is renowned for its law and design programmes. It is also the first and only polytechnic in Singapore to offer a law programme.

Design studies
Design studies can refer to any design-oriented studies but is more formally an academic discipline or field of study that pursues, through both theoretical and practical modes of inquiry, a critical understanding of design practice and its effects in society.
Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm
The Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm (also Southeastern Savage Storm and SOSU Savage Storm), formerly known as the Savages until 2006, are the athletic teams that represent Southeastern Oklahoma State University, located in Durant, Oklahoma, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Savage Storm compete as members of the Great American Conference for all 10 varsity sports.

Great American Conference
The Great American Conference (GAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, with headquarters located in Russellville, Arkansas. Athletic competition began play during the 2011–12 school year. Its twelve all-sports member schools are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma in the South Central United States. The conference also has four men's soccer affiliate members, two in Kansas and two in Oklahoma.
Noel Petro
Noel Esteban Petro Henríquez (born 1933), known as Noel Petro or the Burro Mocho, is a Colombian musician, singer, songwriter, and bullfighter. He has recorded in a wide range of musical styles including porro, vallenato, bolero, rock and roll, and ranchera.

Porro
The porro is a musical style and dance from the Caribbean region of Colombia. It is a Colombian cumbia rhythm that developed into its own subgenre. It was originally a folkloric expression from the Sinú River area that evolved into a ballroom dance. It is played mostly by brass bands or orchestras, and danced in couples. This genre influenced some of the greatest Latin American bands of the 1960s, with songs such as "Pachito E'ché" (written by Wolfano Alejandro Tovar García, then interpreted by Benny Moré), "Se Va el Caimán", and "Me voy pa'Cataca" (originally from José María Peñaranda, then interpreted by La Sonora Matancera.)
L. E. Rader
Lewis Emerson Rader, Sr. (March 16, 1864 – May 11, 1910) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives. In 1910, Rader was starved to death after a 29-day fast under the advice of the quack doctor Linda Burfield Hazzard for treatment of a stomach issue.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Nate James (American football)
Nathaniel James, known as Nate James, (born February 20, 1945) is a former college football and track star at Florida A&M University (FAMU). He was drafted into the National Football League (NFL) by the Cleveland Browns and returned several kicks for the team. He was inducted into the FAMU Hall of Fame in 1990.

James attended segregated Union Academy (Bartow, Florida) where he was coached by Claude Woodruff. James recalled Woodruff as a hardline disciplinarian who had a saying: kill a mosquito with an ax, but go sharpen the ax first.

He was part of the FAMU track and field team that won Penn Relays four years in a row.

In 1968, he was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the 6th round. He appeared in 12 games for the team.

As of 1990, he had been teaching and coaching in Orange County, Florida for 15 years.

Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Carl Forster
Carl Forster (born 4 June 1992) is an English former professional rugby league footballer and former head coach for the North Wales Crusaders in League 1.

He played for St Helens in the Super League, and on loan from Saints

He has previously coached Whitehaven in League 1 and the Rochdale Hornets in the Championship.

Rochdale Hornets
The Rochdale Hornets are a professional rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, competing in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league. The Rochdale Hornets are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league clubs. Their main local rivals are Oldham, Salford Red Devils, Swinton Lions, Halifax and the Huddersfield Giants.
Muddula Mogudu (1983 film)
Muddula Mogadu (transl. Loving Husband) is a 1983 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film, produced by Cherukuri Prakash Rao and directed by K. S. Prakash Rao. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Sridevi and Suhasini with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. The film was released on 27 January 1983.

K. S. Prakash Rao
Kovelamudi Surya Prakash Rao (1914–1996) was an Indian film director, producer, actor and cinematographer known for his works in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. In 1977 he won the Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada for Ganda Hendthi. In 1995, Rao received the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award for his contributions to Telugu cinema. He is the father of noted Telugu director K. Raghavendra Rao and is the uncle of another noted director K. Bapayya.
2000 Kroger St. Jude International – Doubles
Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Justin Gimelstob and Sébastien Lareau won the title by defeating Jim Grabb and Richey Reneberg 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Justin Gimelstob
Justin Jeremy Gimelstob (born January 26, 1977) is an American retired tennis player. Gimelstob has been a resident of Morristown, New Jersey, and as of 2009 lived in Santa Monica, California.

He was the top-ranked boy in his age group at the ages of 12, 14, 16, and 18. As a pro, he made the final of the Newport Tournament in singles and has 15 doubles championships to his name, including the 1998 Australian Open and 1998 French Open mixed doubles titles with Venus Williams. He was twice a member of the U.S. Davis Cup team.

In singles matches, he defeated Andre Agassi, Petr Korda, Àlex Corretja, Pat Rafter, and Gustavo Kuerten.  His career singles record was 107–172. His highest career singles ranking was  No. 63 in 1999, and his highest career doubles ranking was No. 18 in 2000.
North Balwyn Baseball Club
The North Balwyn Stingers Baseball Club is a Baseball Club based in the Melbourne suburb of North Balwyn. The club's senior teams compete in the Melbourne Winter Baseball League and its Juniors compete in the Ringwood District Baseball League.

Balwyn North
Balwyn North, also known as North Balwyn, is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Boroondara and Whitehorse local government areas. Balwyn North recorded a population of 21,302 at the 2021 census. It contains the localities of Greythorn and Bellevue.

Following European settlement of Melbourne, development in Balwyn North was slow and largely as agricultural land. The suburban expansion after the Second World War reached the area in the 1940s and 1950s and thousands of single dwelling houses were built across the area. Today it retains its largely residential character with small areas of retail and parkland.