hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judah ben Bava
Judah ben Bava was a rabbi in the 2nd century who ordained a number of rabbis at a time when the Roman government forbade this ceremony. The penalty was execution for the ordainer and the new rabbis. Rabbi Judah ben Bava was killed by Hadrian's soldiers at the age of seventy, and is known as one of the Ten Martyrs. Rabbi Judah ben Bava was caught by Hadrian's soldiers while ordaining his students Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Judah bar Ilai, R' Shimon bar Yochai, R' Jose ben Halafta, and R' Elazar ben Shamua in a place between Usha and Shefaram. He told his students to run, but he himself was too old. Hadrian's soldiers threw 300 javelins at him, causing his death.

Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon. Today, the javelin is predominantly used for sporting purposes such as the javelin throw. The javelin is nearly always thrown by hand, unlike the sling, bow, and crossbow, which launch projectiles with the aid of a hand-held mechanism. However, devices do exist to assist the javelin thrower in achieving greater distances, such as spear-throwers or the amentum.

A warrior or soldier armed primarily with one or more javelins is a javelineer.

The word javelin comes from Middle English and it derives from Old French javelin, a diminutive of javelot, which meant spear. The word javelot probably originated from one of the Celtic languages.
Peach emoji
The peach emoji (🍑) is a fruit emoji depicting a pinkish-orange peach. The emoji is noted for its resemblance to human buttocks or the vulva, owing to the center crease, and is consequently frequently used as a euphemism for such on social media.

Emoji
An emoji (/ɪˈmoʊdʒi/ im-OH-jee; plural emoji or emojis; Japanese: 絵文字, pronounced [emoꜜʑi]) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of modern emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation as well as to replace words as part of a logographic system.

The first emoji sets were created by Japanese portable electronic device companies in the late 1980s and the 1990s. The word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵; 'picture') + moji (文字; 'character') and originally meant 'pictograph'; the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental. Emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after Unicode began encoding emoji into the Unicode Standard. They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the emoji U+1F602 😂 FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY its word of the year.
Andris Ozols
Andris Ozols (born January 30, 1968, in Riga, Latvia) is a Latvian businessman. He was the director of Investment and Development Agency of Latvia (LIAA), a government agency responsible for promoting investments and business development in Latvia. He served as the director of LIAA from October 2004 to December 2019. He also currently serves as deputy chairman of the board of the Liepāja Special Economic Zone.

Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an ownership stake in a company, made by a foreign investor, company, or government from another country. More specifically, it describes a controlling ownership of an asset in one country by an entity based in another country. The magnitude and extent of control, therefore, distinguishes it from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment. Foreign direct investment includes expanding operations or purchasing a company in the target country.
Canadian Plasma Resources
Canadian Plasma Resources (CPR) is a private, for-profit bio-pharmaceutical company and a licensed blood establishment based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It was founded in 2012 and specializes in the collection of source plasma for further manufacturing and contract-manufacturing of plasma-based bio-pharmaceuticals with operations in Saskatoon (Saskatchewan), Moncton (New Brunswick), Calgary, Edmonton (Alberta), Winnipeg (Manitoba) and administrative office in Oakville, Ontario. CPR is one of the only four establishments in Canada that are licensed to collect plasma. The others are Canadian Blood Services (CBS), Hema-Quebec and Cangene, now owned by ProMetic Life Sciences Inc.

Oakville, Ontario
Oakville is a town and lower-tier municipality and the seat of the Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. In the 2021 Canadian census the town had a population of 213,759, with an estimated 233,700 people as of 2024, making it Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the largest urban area in Canada.
Sarvepalli Assembly constituency
Sarvepalli Assembly constituency is a constituency  in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency.

Somireddy Chandra Mohan Reddy is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 230,413 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1955, as per the Delimitation Orders (1955).

2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on 13 May 2024 for constituting the sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly. They were held alongside the 2024 Indian general election. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.

The political alliance Kutami, led by the Telugu Desam Party, won the election in a landslide, winning 164 of the 175 seats. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats. In comparison, the Janasena Party (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) only won 11 seats. The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) comprising Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.
Treaty of Gerstungen
The Treaty of Gerstungen (German: Frieden von Gerstungen) was concluded on 2 February 1074 in Gerstungen Castle on the River Werra in what is now Germany. It required King Henry IV to restore Duke Otto of Northeim to the Duchy of Bavaria. In 1073 the latter had successfully headed the rebellion of the Saxons. King Henry had to escape from the siege of the Harzburg castle and, under the requirements of the treaty, to accede to the slighting of his castles in the Harz mountains, including for example, the Sachsenburg at Bad Sachsa and only built in 1070.

Since all the South German dukes fought against the re-establishment of the Northeimers, Otto remained deprived of his title in Bavaria. From then Otto was still a dangerous opponent of the king and his former subordinates in Bavaria.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Challenger (EP)
Challenger (stylized in all caps) is an extended play (EP) marketed as the third single of Japanese boy band JO1. It also served as the lead single for their second studio album, Kizuna (2022). The EP single includes a total of six songs and was released by Lapone Entertainment in three physical editions and one digital edition on April 28, 2021. It features the contributions from Japanese and South Korean songwriters and production teams, including Score, Megatone, Teito, Kebee, Masahiro Ōchi, Hayato Tanaka among others. The single topped the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), with its lead track "Born to Be Wild" peaked atop the Billboard Japan Hot 100.

Lapone Entertainment
Lapone Entertainment Co., Ltd. (株式会社LAPONEエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Lapone Entateinmento; Japanese pronunciation: [ɾapone]) is a Japanese management and entertainment company (In this case, a record label), established in May 2019 as a joint venture between South Korean CJ ENM and Japanese Yoshimoto Kogyo. The company operates as a talent agency, entertainment company, and record label under Yoshimoto Music. It produces the reality competition series Produce 101 Japan and manages the series' winning groups as well as graduates from the company's trainee program Lapone Boys & Girls.
Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer is a 1528 half-length portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger. It is now in the Louvre, whilst a copy after it hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. It shows the astronomer Nikolaus Kratzer, a friend of Thomas More and Holbein himself. In his hand he holds a half-finished polyhedral sundial, whilst on the shelves behind him are a semi-circular star quadrant, a shepherd's dial and other instruments.

Quadrant (instrument)
A quadrant is an instrument used to measure angles up to 90°. Different versions of this instrument could be used to calculate various readings, such as longitude, latitude, and time of day. It was first proposed by Ptolemy as a better kind of astrolabe. Several different variations of the instrument were later produced by medieval Muslim astronomers. Mural quadrants were important astronomical instruments in 18th-century European observatories, establishing a use for positional astronomy.
Kevin Bolger
Kevin Bolger (born April 11, 1993) is an American cross-country skier. He competed in the sprint at the 2022 Winter Olympics, the first time four male American skiers have qualified. He competed collegiately for the University of Utah where he was named to the 2016 NCAA Skiing All-Americans Second Team.

Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's sprint
The men’s sprint competition in cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 8 February, at the Kuyangshu Nordic Center and Biathlon Center in Zhangjiakou. The event was won by Johannes Høsflot Klæbo of Norway, who defended his 2018 title. The 2018 silver medalist, Federico Pellegrino, won the silver medal again. Alexander Terentyev, representing the Russian Olympic Committee, won the bronze medal. This was his first Olympic medal.
Stéphane Pocrain
Stéphane Pocrain (born 27 November 1972) is a French politician and television journalist.

He was born in Paris on 27 November 1972. His parents came from Guadeloupe.

He was a candidate for an ecologist movement in 2002's elections in Orsay.

He created, in 2005, the CRAN (Conseil Représentatif des Associations Noires de France) with Manu Dibango, Louis-Georges Tin, and Fodé Sylla.

Manu Dibango
Emmanuel N'Djoké "Manu" Dibango (12 December 1933 – 24 March 2020) was a Cameroonian musician and songwriter who played saxophone and vibraphone. He developed a musical style fusing jazz, funk, and traditional Cameroonian music. His father was a member of the Yabassi ethnic group, while his mother was a Duala. He was best known for his 1972 single "Soul Makossa". The song has been referred to as the most sampled African song in addition Dibango, himself, as the most sampled African musician in history. He died from COVID-19 on 24 March 2020.
Green nanotechnology
Green nanotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental sustainability of processes producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.  It includes making green nano-products and using nano-products in support of sustainability.

The word GREEN in the name Green Nanotechnology has dual meaning. On one hand it describes the environment friendly technologies utilized to synthesize particles in nano scale; on the other hand it refers to the nanoparticles synthesis mediated by extracts of chlorophyllus plants.
Green nanotechnology has been described as the development of clean technologies, "to minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanotechnology products. It also encourages replacement of existing products with new nano-products that are more environmentally friendly throughout their lifecycle."

Product life-cycle management (marketing)
Product life-cycle management (PLM) is the succession of strategies by business management as a product goes through its life-cycle. The conditions in which a product is sold (advertising, saturation) changes over time and must be managed as it moves through its succession of stages. The economist Theodore Levitt referred to the concept in a 1965 Harvard Business Review article, where he observed that "most alert and thoughtful senior marketing executives", and even "a handful of uniquely cosmopolitan and up-to-date corporate presidents" were by then "familiar with the concept of the product life cycle" but needed to move forward in using it commercially.
SD Atlas
SD Atlas was a tugboat in service with Serco Marine Services at HMNB Portsmouth, where she worked in support of the United Kingdoms Naval Service.

She was built in Uzmar, Turkey in 1999, and was originally named MT Yenikale. The ship was chartered by Serco Denholm in 2005, and is named after the original Atlas, a tug built at Chatham Dockyard in 1909.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Acorn Bank Garden & Watermill
Acorn Bank Garden & Watermill is a National Trust property situated just north of Temple Sowerby, near Penrith, Cumbria, England.

The garden features over 250 medicinal and culinary herbs and is protected by ancient oaks and high walls. There are orchards with old varieties of English fruit. The estate includes a partially restored functioning watermill, powered from the Crowdundle Beck.

It was left to the trust in 1950 by Dorothy Una Ratcliffe, a popular author in the Yorkshire dialect, who bought and restored the house and garden. The house was known for some time as Temple Sowerby Manor before the National Trust reverted to its original name of Acorn Bank in 1969.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.
Visa requirements for Libyan citizens
Visa requirements for Libyan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Libya.

As of January 2026, Libyan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 39 countries and territories, ranking the Libyan passport 93rd in the world in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passports of Palestine and Bangladesh) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Palestinian passport
The Palestinian passport (Arabic: جواز السفر الفلسطيني) is a passport issued by the Palestinian Authority government of Palestine for the purpose of international travel based on the agreements established in the 1993 Oslo Accord. It is issued to Palestinians who hold Palestinian citizenship. Most of the Palestinian diaspora are unable to obtain this passport for various reasons, such as security restrictions imposed by the Israeli government or the fact that they do not possess a Palestinian hawwiya (ID card).
Ben Crealey
Ben Crealey is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Maghery club and at senior level for the Armagh county team.

He played against Kerry in the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final, helping to send his team through to a first final for 21 years.

A midfielder, Crealey is also a former rally driver. His father was a rally driver too. After winning the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final, Crealey described rallying as his "family sport".

At the end of the game, he was reunited with his girlfriend Aoife Reynolds for the first time since she had left for Australia nine months previously. He won an All Star at the end of the 2024 season.

Crealey is a first cousin of Bláithín Bogue, a rookie signing in the 2023 AFL Women's draft.

Armagh county football team
The Armagh county football team (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH) represents the Armagh GAA, a county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in Gaelic football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Armagh's home ground is the Athletic Grounds, Armagh. The team's manager is Kieran McGeeney. Their longest-standing and fiercest rivalry is with Tyrone, another Ulster-based team and one of Armagh's geographic neighbors.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2008, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2024 and the National League in 2005.
Archamia
Archamia bleekeri, also known as  Gon's cardinalfish, is a species of fish in the family Apogonidae, the cardinalfishes. It is native to the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean from Africa to Indonesia and from Taiwan to Queensland, Australia.  This species occurs in mangrove forests and reefs, and is an inhabitant of shipwrecks, preferring silty areas with muddy or sandy substrates.  This species grows to a total length of 10 cm (3.9 in).  This species is the only member of the genus Archamia. The other species were moved to the new genus Taeniamia in 2013.

Pieter Bleeker
Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He was famous for the Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, his monumental work on the fishes of East Asia published between 1862 and 1877.
Tony Frost
Tony Frost (born 17 November 1975) is an English former professional cricketer. He played as a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper. Born in Stoke-on-Trent, Frost played for Warwickshire County Cricket Club, scoring over 4,500 runs in first-class cricket in a career which lasted from 1997 to 2009.

He played through most of season 2005, after Keith Piper's ban left Warwickshire without a regular wicket-keeper. After Tim Ambrose joined Warwickshire in 2006 Frost played very little County Championship cricket, although he played more often in one-day competitions. Frost retired as a professional at the end of the 2006 season.

Following Ambrose's call-up to play for England, Frost re-signed for Warwickshire for the 2008 season as cover. He ended the season having scored 1003 runs in 13 Championship games, averaging 83.58 runs per innings and scoring a career best of 242 not out. He came top of the county batting averages for the season and was awarded a Benefit Year for 2009.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Chakchiuma
The Chakchiuma were a Native American tribe of the upper Yazoo River region of what is today the state of Mississippi.

In the late 17th century, French explorers identified the Chakchiuma as "a Chicacha nation," indicating that they were related to the Chickasaw and similar Western Muskogean speaking–tribes. They likely shared a common origin as the Chickasaw and Choctaw people and merged into the Chickasaw Nation in the mid-18th century.

Yazoo River
32°20′8″N 90°53′50″W﻿ / ﻿32.33556°N 90.89722°W﻿ / 32.33556; -90.89722

The Yazoo River is a river primarily in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It marks the eastern boundary of the Mississippi Delta, a broad floodplain that was cultivated for cotton plantations before the American Civil War. It has continued to be devoted to large-scale agriculture.
Plaza del Sol (Puerto Rico)
Plaza del Sol is a 728,546-square-foot (67,684.1 m2) regional mall located in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The mall is anchored by a Caribbean Cinemas, Walmart, Burlington, H&M, Dave & Buster's and The Home Depot. The mall was opened in 1998; it was later acquired in 2005 by DDR Corp. out of a $1.15 billion portfolio deal with Caribbean Property Group (CPG), which included the mall. And is now owned by Curzon Puerto Rico.

Bed Bath & Beyond
Bed Bath & Beyond was an American big-box retail chain specializing in housewares, furniture, and specialty items. Headquartered in Union, New Jersey, the chain operated stores in the United States and Canada, and was once counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes Global 2000. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2023 and liquidated all of its remaining stores, with the last closing on July 30, 2023. Following the retail chain's liquidation, its name was adopted by online retailer Overstock.com, which acquired Bed Bath and Beyond's trademarks in a bankruptcy auction. The name is also still used by the chain's former Mexican division, which is now independent.
Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services
The Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services Department is a department of the Government of Karnataka that is the foremost disaster management body in Karnataka, India.

“The Karnataka State Fire and Emergency Services is headed by the Director General of Fire and Emergency Services, an IPS officer of Director General of Police (DGP) rank, appointed by the government. The Director General also serves as the Commandant General of Home Guards and as the Director General of the State Disaster Response Force and Civil Defence.

Home guard
Home guard is a title given to colonial military organizations at various times, with the implication of an emergency or reserve force raised for local defense.

The term "home guard" was first officially used in the American Civil War, starting with units formed by German immigrants in Missouri, and may derive from possible historical use of the term Heimwehr ("home guard") to describe units officially known as Landwehr ("country guard"), or from an attempted translation of landwehr.