hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cryosphere
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is an overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system. It also has important feedbacks on the climate system. These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, the water cycle, atmospheric and oceanic circulation.

Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in the global climate and in climate model response to global changes. Approximately 10% of the Earth's surface is covered by ice, but this is rapidly decreasing. Current reductions in the cryosphere (caused by climate change) are measurable in ice sheet melt, glaciers decline, sea ice decline, permafrost thaw and snow cover decrease.

Cloud cover
Cloud cover (also known as cloudiness, cloudage, or cloud amount) refers to the fraction of the sky obscured by clouds on average when observed from a particular location. Okta is the usual unit for measurement of the cloud cover. The cloud cover is correlated to the sunshine duration as the least cloudy locales are the sunniest ones while the cloudiest areas are the least sunny places, as clouds can block sunlight, especially at sunrise and sunset where sunlight is already limited.

The global cloud cover averages around 67-68%, though it ranges from 56% to 73% depending on the minimum optical depth considered (lower when optical depth is large, and higher when it is low, such that subvisible cirrus clouds are counted). Average cloud cover is around 72% over the oceans, with low seasonal variation, and about 55% above land, with significant seasonal variation.
Hornerstown, New Jersey
Hornerstown is an unincorporated community located within Upper Freehold Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Hornerstown is located near Cream Ridge and uses the 08514 ZIP code.

Centered about the intersection of Hornerstown-Arneystown Road and Main Street (both separate branches of Monmouth County Route 27), the area is mostly made up of houses with horse farms west of the community. Small businesses line nearby highways CR 537 and CR 539. The town formerly had a stop on the Pemberton and Hightstown Railroad. The former railroad right-of-way has been developed into the Union Transportation Trail.

Here is the type locality of the Hornerstown Formation, a famous fossiliferous deposit which forms a glauconite greensand layer straddling the K-Pg boundary.

Hornerstown Formation
The Hornerstown Formation is a latest Cretaceous to early Paleocene-aged geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves a variety of fossil remains, including those of dinosaurs, and contains direct evidence of the mass mortality that occurred at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.

Outcrops of the Hornerstown Formation are known from sites such as Edelman Fossil Park.
Ōkubo Tadanori
Ōkubo Tadanori (大久保 忠礼; January 13, 1842 – August 10, 1897) was the 9th daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province,  (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in late-Edo period Japan. Before the Meiji Restoration, his courtesy title was Kaga no Kami.

Kokushi (official)
Kokushi (国司; also read Kuni no tsukasa) were provincial officials in Classical Japan. They were nobles sent from the central government in Kyoto to oversee a province, a system that was established as part of the Taika Reform in 645, and enacted by the Ritsuryō system. There were four classes of kokushi, from the highest to the lowest: Kami (守), Suke (介), Jō (掾), and Sakan (目). In the Middle Ages, an acting governor called mokudai, the daikan of the kokushi, took over the local government of the province, while the kokushi returned to the capital to take on a supervising role.
2025 Masters Tournament
The 2025 Masters Tournament was the 89th edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of the men's four major golf championships held in 2025. The tournament was played from April 10–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Rory McIlroy won the tournament after the first hole of a sudden-death playoff against Justin Rose. In doing so, McIlroy became the sixth player, and the first European, to complete the modern career Grand Slam, this being his 11th attempt.  Additionally, McIlroy became the third player, after Tiger Woods in 2001 and Scottie Scheffler in 2024, to win the Masters and The Players Championship in the same calendar year.

Brooks Koepka
Brooks Koepka (/ˈkɛpkə/ KEP-kə; born May 3, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He is a former world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking. Koepka has won five major championships.

After playing collegiately for the Florida State Seminoles, Koepka turned professional in 2012 and achieved a three-win promotion on the Challenge Tour in 2013, which secured status on the European Tour. He won his first European Tour title at the Turkish Airlines Open in 2014 and his first PGA Tour title at the Phoenix Open in 2015.

Koepka won his first major championship at the 2017 U.S. Open, which spearheaded a streak of major victories. He defended his title at the 2018 U.S. Open, and won both the 2018 and 2019 PGA Championship. In 2022, Koepka joined LIV Golf. In the following years, he won multiple LIV Golf events and added his fifth major championship at the 2023 PGA Championship. He left the LIV Golf League and returned to the PGA Tour in 2026.
Shady Lady (1945 film)
Shady Lady is a 1945 American romantic comedy film directed by George Waggner and starring Charles Coburn, Robert Paige, and Ginny Simms. Waggner originally offered Susanna Foster a starring role which she refused. Ginny Simms sings floor show songs "Cuddle Up a Little Closer", "In Love With Love" and "Xango".

The choreography is by Lester Horton.

Susanna Foster
Susanna Foster (born Suzanne DeLee Flanders Larson; December 6, 1924 – January 17, 2009) was an American film actress best known for her leading role as Christine in the 1943 film version of Phantom of the Opera.
1997 BMW Open – Doubles
Lan Bale and Stephen Noteboom were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Pablo Albano and Àlex Corretja won the title, defeating Karsten Braasch and Jens Knippschild 3–6, 7–5, 6–2 in the final.

Àlex Corretja
Àlex Corretja Verdegay (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaləks kuˈrɛdʒə βəɾðəˈɣaj]; born 11 April 1974) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1999. Corretja won 17 ATP Tour singles titles, including the 1998 ATP World Tour Championships, and Masters titles at the 1997 Italian Open and 2000 Indian Wells Masters. He was twice a major runner-up at the French Open, in 1998 and 2001. Corretja played a key role in helping Spain win its first Davis Cup title in 2000. Corretja is one of only two players who are undefeated against Rafael Nadal after playing more than one match with him (the other being Dustin Brown), holding a 2–0 head-to-head record.

Post-retirement, Corretja became  Andy Murray's temporary coach for the duration of the 2008 clay-court season, resuming the role on a permanent basis between 2009 and 2011. In 2012 and 2013, he coached the Spanish Davis Cup team.
Maroua Rahali
Maroua Rahali is a Tunisian national champion boxer. She was born in Gaâfour, a town in north-west Tunisia.

She is coached by Chergui Hamadi. She represented Tunisia in the 2012 Summer Olympics taking place in London in the flyweight division. In the Quarter finals she lost to Mary Kom of India 6-15.

Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's flyweight
The women's flyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 5 to 9 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.

For the first time at an Olympic Games, the 10 men's boxing events was joined by three women's events: flyweight, middleweight, and lightweight.

Nicola Adams from Great Britain won the gold medal — the first Olympic gold ever awarded in women's boxing. Adams beat China's Ren Cancan by 16 points to seven in the final.
Erica De Mane
Erica De Mane (born December 3, 1953, in Rye, New York, United States) is an American chef, food writer, and teacher who specializes in Italian cooking. She is the author of The Flavors of Southern Italy, Pasta Improvvisata, and Williams-Sonoma Pasta, and contributed to the Italian section of the 1997 revision of Joy of Cooking. She is a member of the International Association of Culinary Professionals, the Italy-based international Slow Food movement, and the Culinary Historians of New York.

Joy of Cooking
Joy of Cooking, often known as "The Joy of Cooking", is one of the United States' most-published cookbooks. It has been in print continuously since 1936 and has sold more than 20 million copies. It was published privately during 1931 by Irma S. Rombauer (1877–1962), a homemaker in St. Louis, Missouri, after her husband's suicide the previous year. Rombauer had 3,000 copies printed by A.C. Clayton, a company that had printed labels for fancy St. Louis shoe companies and for Listerine mouthwash, but never a book. Beginning in 1936, the book was published by a commercial printing house, the Bobbs-Merrill Company. With nine editions, Joy of Cooking is considered the most popular American cookbook.
Allen Appel
Allen Appel (born January 6, 1945) is an American novelist best known for his series about time traveler Alex Balfour. In the series, fictional characters are interwoven with actual historical people and events.

Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Appel grew up in Parkersburg, West Virginia. He graduated from West Virginia University in 1967 and moved to Washington, D.C., where he found work as an illustrator and photographer. He made his mark with a series of collage illustrations for the Sunday magazine section of The Washington Post, and this work led to his first book, Proust's Last Beer: A History of Curious Demises (1980), a collaboration with writer Bob Arnebeck. Appel's imaginative black-and-white collages illustrated Arnebeck's profiles of people and animals.

Parkersburg, West Virginia
Parkersburg is a city in Wood County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Kanawha rivers, it is the state's fourth-most populous city and the center of the Parkersburg–Vienna metropolitan area. The city's population was 29,749 at the 2020 census, and its metro population was 89,490.
Cliff Quay Power Station
Cliff Quay Power Station was a coal-fired power station situated to the south of Ipswich, Suffolk, in the East of England. The station was designed by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners and built by the Cleveland Bridge Company.

Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company
Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company was a British bridge works and structural steel contractor based in Darlington.

It built various structures including the Victoria Falls Bridge, Tees Transporter Bridge, Forth Road, Humber Bridge and Tsing Ma Bridge.

In 1967, the company was acquired by The Cementation Company, which was then bought by Trafalgar House. In 1990, it merged with Redpath Dorman Long, another Trafalgar subsidiary, to create Cleveland Structural Engineering. In 2000, it was  bought by management backed by Saudi Arabian interests. However, legal disputes on projects such as The Shard and Wembley Stadium pushed the Darlington business into administration and the business closed in 2021.
Rudolf Lange
Rudolf Lange (18 April 1910 – 23 February 1945) was a German SS-Standartenführer and police official during the Nazi era. After the invasion of the Soviet Union, he served in Einsatzgruppe A before becoming a commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) forces in Riga, Generalbezirk Lettland (today, Latvia). He participated in the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, at which the genocidal Final Solution to the Jewish Question was planned, and was largely responsible for implementing the murder of Latvia's Jewish population during the Holocaust. He died at the Battle of Poznań in the closing months of the Second World War in Europe.

Arajs Kommando
The Arajs Kommando (Latvian: Arāja komanda; German: Sonderkommando Arajs) was a paramilitary unit of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) active in German-occupied Latvia from 1941 to 1943. It was led by SS commander and Nazi collaborator Viktors Arājs and composed of ethnic Latvian volunteers recruited by Arājs.

The Arajs Kommando was a notorious death squad and one of the main perpetrators of the Holocaust in Latvia. The unit was involved in the mass killing of Jews in Latvia until 1942 when it was used in anti-partisan operations in Belarus and Russia. It was disbanded and merged into the Latvian Legion in 1943.
Stone darter
The stone darter (Etheostoma derivativum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
USS Wood County
USS Wood County (LST-1178) was a De Soto County-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during the late 1950s. Named after counties in Ohio, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Wood County was designed under project SCB 119 and laid down on 1 October 1956, at Lorain, Ohio by the American Ship Building Company; launched on 14 December 1957; sponsored by Miss Margaret Ackerman, daughter of the president of the American Shipbuilding Company; and commissioned on 5 August 1959 at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia.

Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. It lies across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is the ninth-most populous city in Virginia and is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the United States Armed Forces, particularly the Navy. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.
Cambrian Hall
Cambrian Hall is a private school located in the Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. It is a co-educational, English-medium, residential day school which participates in the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.

Cambrian Hall is located near the Indian Military Academy and the Forest Research Institute of India. Founded in 1954 by Col. Shashi Jung Bahadur Rana, the school is now run by a board. Today, the School has over 1600 students.

Sports played at the school include hockey, football, cricket, basketball, volleyball, badminton, cross country, athletics, P.T., gymnastics, and table tennis.

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a non-governmental privately held national-level board of school education in India that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) Examination for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. G. Immanuel is the current Chairman of CISCE.
Sleepaway (game)
Sleepaway is a horror indie role-playing game by Jay Dragon about teenage counselors at a summer camp trying to protect misfit campers from a monster called the Lindworm that takes on the form of its victims. It has themes of trauma, LGBTQ community support, and non-binary gender exploration. Sleepaway was inspired by slasher films and the Belonging Outside Belonging game system by Avery Alder and Benjamin Rosenbaum.

Sleepaway was published by Possum Creek Games in 2019 after raising $14,407 on Kickstarter. It won a Spotlight Award at the 2020 ENNIE Awards and was nominated for Indie Game Developer Network awards for "Game of the Year" and "Most Innovative."

Benjamin Rosenbaum
Benjamin Rosenbaum (born August 23, 1969) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and literary fiction writer, game designer, and computer programmer. His stories and novels have been finalists for the Hugo Award, the Nebula Award, the Theodore Sturgeon Award, the BSFA Award, the World Fantasy Award, and the Otherwise Award. His tabletop role-playing game Dream Apart, together with Avery Alder's Dream Askew, was a finalist for the 2019 ENNIE Awards for Best Game, Best Setting, and Product of the Year. His Jewish historical fantasy interactive novel The Ghost and the Golem was a finalist for the 2024 Nebula Award   for Best Game Writing.
Hisa Ōta
Hisa Ōta (大田 ひさ, Ōta Hisa, May 7, 1868 – April 2, 1945) was a Japanese stage actress who spanned the Meiji and Taishō periods of Japan and was known by the name Hanako (花子). The kanji given for her name when born were 飛佐 (Hisa), but she did not use those during her career.

Starting in 1902, she spent the majority of her career touring Europe and was the only Japanese person to model for Auguste Rodin, who gave her two masks he created, using Hanako as a model. These masks are on display in the city of Gifu in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, where she spent her twilight years. She was also the basis for Mori Ōgai's short story Hanako.

Mori Ōgai
Lieutenant-General Mori Rintarō (森 林太郎; February 17, 1862 – July 8, 1922), known by his pen name Mori Ōgai (森 鷗外; Japanese pronunciation: [mo.ɾʲi (|) oꜜː.ɡai, -ŋai]), was a Japanese Army Surgeon general officer, translator, novelist, poet and father of famed author Mari Mori. He obtained his medical license at a very young age and introduced translated German language literary works to the Japanese public. Mori Ōgai also was considered the first to successfully express the art of western poetry in Japanese. He wrote many works and created many writing styles. The Wild Geese (1911–1913) is considered his major work. After his death, he was considered one of the leading writers who modernized Japanese literature.

His continued obstinacy to recognize beriberi as a thiamine deficiency led to the death of more than 27,000 Japanese soldiers.
Georgia Craig
Georgia Craig (born March 20, 1979, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actress. She pursued classical studies at Montreal's National Theatre School of Canada, graduating in 2001. She worked as a pollster and bartender before her first movie appearance in How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days in 2003.

Craig is known to science fiction fans from her roles as Sabrina Gosling in the Stargate SG-1 episode "Moebius" and as Oracle Yolanda Brenn in the reimagined Battlestar Galactica.

Craig was a casting associate working on the CBC Television drama Arctic Air. Georgia Craig was passionate about acting from a young age. Then She pursued classical studies at Montreal’s National Theatre School of Canada, graduating in 2001.

Casting (performing arts)
In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra to land the role of a character in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement intended for an audience.
2003 ASB Classic – Doubles
Nicole Arendt and Liezel Huber were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Teryn Ashley and Abigail Spears won the title by defeating Cara Black and Elena Likhovtseva 6–2, 2–6, 6–0 in the final.

Abigail Spears
Abigail Michal Spears (born July 12, 1981) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. Spears won 21 double titles including the 2017 Australian Open.

Spears started playing tennis in 1988 when she was 7 years old, and turned professional in 2000. Spears and compatriot, Raquel Kops-Jones, were one of the most successful doubles team of the 2012 season, winning four tour titles and reaching the quarterfinals of Wimbledon. In 2017, Spears partnered with Juan Sebastián Cabal at the Australian Open to win the mixed-doubles tournament. After being suspended for much of the 2020 and 2021 seasons, Spears retired in September 2021.
Pakruojis District Municipality
Pakruojis District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. It is an agricultural district, situated in the north of Lithuania and bordering with Latvia. The rivers Kruoja, Mūša and others flow through the district. Forests occupy 16.7% of the territory of the Pakruojis district. It is close to two major cities: Šiauliai is 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the west, and Panevėžys - about 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the southeast.

Pakruojis is known as one of the main centres of traditional Lithuanian brewing, along with Pasvalys and Biržai. The founder of the Lithuanian beer website alutis.lt reports that there are 19 breweries in the Pakruojis district. Most bars in town feature local types of beer. The main park in Pakruojis features a collection of local folk-art wood carvings.

Biržai
Biržai (pronunciationⓘ, also known by several alternative names) is a city in northern Lithuania.  Famous for its reconstructed Biržai Castle manor, the whole region is renowned for its many traditional-recipe beer breweries.
Goleta Point
34°24′18″N 119°50′39″W﻿ / ﻿34.40500°N 119.84417°W﻿ / 34.40500; -119.84417

Goleta Point (also known as Campus Point) is a small peninsula at the southern end of the Gaviota Coast on the central coast in the U.S. state of California. It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of the city of Goleta. Situated within the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), it is characterized by a beach cliff, crashing waves, and a view of the Channel Islands across the Santa Barbara Channel. The rock formation is frequented by shorebirds.

Central Coast (California)
The Central Coast is an area of California, roughly spanning the coastal region between Point Mugu and Monterey Bay. It lies northwest of Los Angeles and south of the San Francisco Bay Area, and includes the rugged, rural, and sparsely populated stretch of coastline known as Big Sur.

From south to north, there are six counties that make up the Central Coast: Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz.

The Central Coast is the location of the Central Coast American Viticultural Area.

Geographically, the actual midpoint of the California coast lies north of Santa Cruz, near Año Nuevo State Park in San Mateo County. Neither the popular use of the term Central Coast nor that of the California North Coast include the San Francisco Peninsula counties of San Mateo and San Francisco.