hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rishab Aiyer Ghosh
Rishab Aiyer Ghosh is a Dutch journalist, computer scientist, open-source software advocate and software entrepreneur. He was a founder of Topsy, a social search and analytics company that was acquired by Apple Inc in December 2013.

A former Open Source Initiative board member, he is Founding International and Managing Editor of peer-reviewed journal First Monday, and  Programme Leader of Free/Libre and Open Source Software at UNU-MERIT. Ghosh has undertaken several studies on free software, which he terms "FLOSS" - an alternative term for free software which he is credited with coining. FLOSS emphasizes the essential value of the term "libre" (meaning with few or no restrictions). Ghosh's work represents an effort to reshape the global understanding of FLOSS, including the governmental and academic spheres.

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.
Waheeda Malullah
Waheeda Malullah (born August 19, 1978) is a Bahraini video and installation artist, photographer, and painter.

Waheeda Malullah was born on August 19, 1978 in Al-Muharraq.  She graduated from the Regional Institute for Advertising and Marketing in 2002 with a degree in graphic design.

Much of her work explores gender roles in the Islamic world. In her installation Stopped Ball (2003) and her video Play! (2005), she inserts herself into games of the traditionally male sport of football.  Women's hair is the subject of her With All Due Respect (2007) and Combing Hair (2008).  Her work A Villager's Day Out (2008), which features photographs of a woman in a black abaya waking around Manama, explores themes of modernization and culture shock.   It was included in Bahrain's pavilion at the 2013 Venice Biennale.  In 2010, she returned to painting, producing colorful expressionist canvases.  In 2016, she had a retrospective at the Bin Matar House in Muharraq.

55th Venice Biennale
The 55th Venice Biennale was an international contemporary art exhibition held in 2013. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Artistic director Massimiliano Gioni curated its central exhibition, "The Encyclopedic Palace".
Prorhinotermes
Prorhinotermes is a genus of termites belonging to the subfamily Prorhinotermitinae, which is nested in the family Psammotermitidae.

The species of this genus are found in Malesia and Australia.

Phorhinotermes lacks a true worker caste and it has a linear ontogenetical pathway.

Species:

Prorhinotermes canalifrons (Sjöstedt, 1904)

Prorhinotermes flavus (Bugnion & Popoff, 1910)

Prorhinotermes hainanensis X.u.Ping, 1989

Prorhinotermes inopinatus Silvestri, 1909

Prorhinotermes molinoi Snyder, 1924

Prorhinotermes oceanicus (Wasmann, 1902)

Prorhinotermes ponapensis (Oshima, 1917)

Prorhinotermes rugifer Kemner, 1931

Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen, 1858)

Prorhinotermes spectabilis X.u.Ping, 1989

Prorhinotermes xishaensis Li & Tsai, 1976

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Juana María Condesa Lluch
Juana María Condesa Lluch (30 March 1862 – 16 January 1916) was a Spanish religious sister who established the Handmaids of Mary Immaculate in her hometown of Valencia. She made her vows in 1911.

Lluch dedicated her life to the promotion of the rights of workers ever since her childhood when she first witnessed the terrible conditions of laborers. Her initiatives in Spain were aimed towards the workers and their families as a means of alleviating their burdens and championing their fundamental rights as individuals. Lluch provided material and spiritual support to workers across Valencia. Pope John Paul II presided over her beatification in Saint Peter's Square on 23 March 2003.

St. Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square (Latin: Forum Sancti Petri, Italian: Piazza San Pietro [ˈpjattsa sam ˈpjɛːtro]) is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope.

At the centre of the square is the Vatican obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of Mother Church". A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
Purcell Knob
Purcell Knob is a spur of the Blue Ridge Mountain in Loudoun County, Virginia.  The 1,207 feet (368 m) peak is just northeast of the main ridge at Keyes Gap and southeast of the village of Neersville.

Purcell Knob is notable for exposure of the sericitic phyllite base of the Paleozoic Loudoun Formation in its antiformal syncline.

Neersville, Virginia
Neersville is an unincorporated community in northwestern Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. It is located in the Between the Hills area of the Loudoun Valley on Harpers Ferry Road (Virginia Secondary Route 671) at the foot of Short Hill Mountain.  It is notable for being the birthplace of Confederate guerrilla John Mobberly.
2022 South Australian local elections
The 2022 South Australian local elections were held on 12 November 2022 to elect the councils of 66 of the 68 local government areas (LGAs) in South Australia. Many councils also held mayoral elections.

The elections were conducted by the Electoral Commission of South Australia. Starting at these elections, roadside election corflutes were banned.

The number of people on the electoral roll increased from 1,208,858 at the 2018 elections to 1,243,661 in 2022.

As per usual, no election was scheduled in Roxby Council as it is served by an administrator who performs all the functions of a council. The election in Coober Pedy was not held as the council had been suspended in January 2019.

Local government areas of South Australia
Local government in the Australian state of South Australia describes the organisations and processes by which towns and districts can manage their own affairs to the extent permitted by section 64A of Constitution Act 1934 (SA).
A River Ain't Too Much to Love
A River Ain't Too Much to Love is the eleventh studio album by Smog, released on May 30, 2005, on Domino Records in Europe and on Drag City in North America. It is Bill Callahan's final studio album released under the Smog moniker. Callahan initially wanted to release the album under his own name, but decided against doing so after pressure from Drag City.

A River Ain't Too Much to Love features guest appearances by Joanna Newsom and Thor Harris of Shearwater. Music videos were produced for both "Rock Bottom Riser" and "I Feel Like the Mother of the World", the latter featuring actress Chloë Sevigny. Both videos can be found on the "Rock Bottom Riser" CD single release.

Shearwater (band)
Shearwater is an American indie rock band from Austin, Texas, led by multi-instrumentalist and lead singer Jonathan Meiburg, a singer-songwriter. The band's music is notable for its imagery based in nature, cerebral yet intimate melodic songs, as well as Meiburg's vocals.
Sobibor perpetrator album
The Sobibor perpetrator album contains sixty-two pictures of Sobibor extermination camp during its operation, taken by SS Holocaust perpetrators employed there. It belonged to deputy commander Johann Niemann, who was killed in the Sobibor uprising in 1943. The album was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2020 by Niemann's grandson and is the first collection of photographs of the camp in operation to be published.

The USHMM states that it "has not been able to identify the copyright status of this material".

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
Danielle Trotta
Danielle Trotta (born March 13, 1981) is an American journalist who covers auto racing for Sirius XM. She was the co-host of NASCAR Race Hub, and the pre-race show NASCAR RaceDay for Xfinity Series events on Fox Sports 1. Trotta started her career in high school, and after graduating from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, she worked for local station WBTV. She moved to Fox Sports in July 2010 where she has covered NASCAR and the NFL. In 2018, she joined the cast of Boston Sports Tonight at NBC Sports Boston. After Trotta and other on-air personalities were released from the network by NBCUniversal, in 2022 and 2023 Trotta hosted the television series My Dream Car! on Fox Business and Fox Nation.

Fox Sports
Fox Sports is the brand name for a number of sports channels, broadcast divisions, programming, and other media around the world. The name originates from Fox Broadcasting Company in the United States, which in turn derives its name from Fox Film (which merged with Twentieth Century Pictures to form 20th Century Fox in 1935), named after founder William Fox.

The Fox Sports name has since been used for other sports media assets. These assets are held mainly by Fox Corporation, with the exceptions of the operations in Australia (which are part of Foxtel, entirely owned by DAZN as of April 2025), Mexico (owned by Grupo Multimedia Lauman), Argentina (owned by Mediapro but branding and contents are licensed to Fox Corporation), and the rest of Fox Sports International that was sold to the Walt Disney Company in Latin America, except Mexico and Argentina.
Balmont (horse)
Balmont (foaled 11 March 2001) is an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He had his greatest success as a two-year-old in 2003 when he won the Gimcrack Stakes and was awarded the win in the Middle Park Stakes on the disqualification of Three Valleys. He remained in training until the age of five but never won again although he ran well in several major sprint races, being placed in the July Cup, Golden Jubilee Stakes, Temple Stakes and Phoenix Sprint Stakes. After the end of his racing career he stood as a breeding stallion in Ireland and Australia, and now stands at the Jug Handle Ranch in Alberta Canada.

Nunthorpe Stakes
The Nunthorpe Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged two years or older. It is run at York over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Delta Secondary School (Hamilton, Ontario)
Delta Secondary School was a Canadian high school in Hamilton, Ontario. Built in 1925, it was one of the oldest high schools in the city. It was located on 1284 Main Street East, and is connected to the Delta Honeybears Daycare. The school had an estimated enrollment of 841 students and is part of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board. The school was permanently closed in 2019.

Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board
The Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board (HWDSB), formerly known as English-language Public District School Board No. 21 prior to 1999, is the public school board for the city of Hamilton. Established on January 1, 1998, via the amalgamation of the Hamilton and Wentworth County school boards, the board currently operates 93 elementary and secondary schools.

The board has approximately 50,000 students in its 93 neighbourhood schools. In addition to the programming offered at 80 elementary and 13 secondary schools, a number of alternative programs focusing on sports, academics, science, arts and languages are available. The current director of education is Sheryl Robinson Petrazzini.
Amedeo Lavini
Amedeo Lavini (24 October 1894 – 21 July 1961) was an Italian architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics. His father was Giuseppe Lavini, an Italian painter and art critic.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
C. N. Patel
Chimanlal Narandas Patel (23 December 1918 – 30 January 2004) was an Indian writer, literary critic and translator from Gujarat, India. He received the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 2000 for his contribution to Gujarati literature.

Gujarati literature
The history of Gujarati literature (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય, romanized: Gujarātī sāhitya) may be traced to 1000 AD, and this literature has flourished since then to the present. It is unique in having almost no patronage from a ruling dynasty, other than its composers.

Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Akademi and Gujarati Sahitya Parishad are Gujarat-based literary institutions promoting the Gujarati literature.
Invasion of Rügen (1678)
The invasion of Rügen of 22 to 24 September 1678 was a military operation in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, or Scanian War, that ended with the annexation of the Swedish-ruled island of Rügen by the Allies – Brandenburg-Prussia and Denmark – for just under a year before it was restored by treaty to Sweden.

The operation was a prelude to the long-planned Siege of Stralsund that followed shortly thereafter.

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
California State Route 166
State Route 166 (SR 166) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. It connects the Central Coast to the southern San Joaquin Valley, running from State Route 1 in Guadalupe and through Santa Maria in Santa Barbara County to State Route 99 in Mettler in Kern County.

Central Coast (California)
The Central Coast is an area of California, roughly spanning the coastal region between Point Mugu and Monterey Bay. It lies northwest of Los Angeles and south of the San Francisco Bay Area, and includes the rugged, rural, and sparsely populated stretch of coastline known as Big Sur.

From south to north, there are six counties that make up the Central Coast: Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, San Benito, and Santa Cruz.

The Central Coast is the location of the Central Coast American Viticultural Area.

Geographically, the actual midpoint of the California coast lies north of Santa Cruz, near Año Nuevo State Park in San Mateo County. Neither the popular use of the term Central Coast nor that of the California North Coast include the San Francisco Peninsula counties of San Mateo and San Francisco.
Carter Starocci
Carter Alphonse Starocci (born February 8, 2001) is an American freestyle and former folkstyle wrestler who competes at 184 pounds. In freestyle, he was a U23 World bronze medalist in 2022.

In folkstyle, Starocci is the only five-time NCAA Division I National champion in history, and was a three-time Big Ten Conference champion out of the Pennsylvania State University.

Scholastic wrestling
Scholastic wrestling, sometimes referred to as folkstyle wrestling and commonly known as simply wrestling, is a style of amateur wrestling at the high school and middle school levels in the United States. It has often been labeled the "toughest sport in the world" because of the physical conditioning, mental preparation, complexity, and intense nature of its one-on-one competition.

According to an athletics participation survey taken in 2006–07 by the National Federation of State High School Associations, 9,445 high schools sponsored boys' wrestling teams and 257,246 boys participated in the sport, making it the eighth-most available and sixth-most popular high school sport in the nation. Among high school girls, 5,408 girls participated on 1,227 high school girls wrestling teams nationally, as of 2006–07.

Scholastic wrestling competition at the high school level is in all 50  U.S. states and the national capital of Washington, D.C.
Sunthonwohan
Sunthonwohan (Thai: สุนทรโวหาร, from Pali: sundara 'beautiful' + vohāra 'common use of language') is a Thai noble title granted to some heads of the Royal Scribes Department. People who held the title include:

Phraya Sisunthonwohan (Fak), royal scribe under King Rama IV (r. 1851–1868).

Phra Sunthonwohan (Phu), commonly known as Sunthorn Phu, court poet during the reign of King Rama II, later served as royal scribe under Second-King Pinklao. Held the title c. 1851–1855.

Phraya Sisunthonwohan (Noi Acharyankura), writer and educator during the reigns of kings Rama IV and Rama V. Held the title 1879–1891.

Phraya Sisunthonwohan (Kamon Salakshna), son of Fak, government official under kings Rama V and Rama VI. Held the title 1893–1916.

Phraya Sisunthonwohan (Phan Salakshna), son of Kamon, government official under King Rama VI. Held the title 1916–1923.

Thai nobility
The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (khunnang, Thai: ขุนนาง) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), through the Thonburi (1767–1782) and early Rattanakosin (1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King Chulalongkorn ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932.

Thai noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.
Institute of British Carriage and Automobile Manufacturers
The Institute of British Carriage and Automobile Manufacturers was established in 1881. It merged with the Institute of Body Engineers in 1965. In 2000 it changed its name to IVehE (the Institute of Vehicle Engineers) as part of a rebranding strategy to modernise the organisation but soon after, in 2004, it merged with the SAE-UK.

SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.
Walterswil-Striegel railway station
Walterswil-Striegel railway station (German: Bahnhof Walterswil-Striegel) is a railway station in the municipality of Oftringen, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Zofingen–Wettingen line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Aargau S-Bahn
The Aargau S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Aargau or S-Bahnen Aargau) is an S-Bahn-style regional rail network serving the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, with some services extending into the cantons of Bern, Lucerne, Solothurn and Zug and one service to the German city of Waldshut-Tiengen. It operates within the A-Welle tariff network.
Bedford/St. Martin's
Bedford/St. Martin's is an American publishing company specializing in humanities college  textbooks. Bedford/St. Martin's is part of the Bedford, Freeman, and Worth Publishing group owned by the Macmillan Publishers, which is in turn owned by the Stuttgart-based Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. Its offices are in Boston and New York City.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.