hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrzej Węgierski
Andrzej Węgierski (born 16 November 1600 in Ostroróg; died 11 January 1649 in Orzeszkowo) was a Polish Calvinist historian, preacher, poet and translator.

He came from the Węgierski noble family of Belina coat of arms, descending from the village of Węgierki in Greater Poland. He attended schools in Ostroróg, Leszno and Bytom Odrzański. From 1633 to 1648 he was the minister of the Calvinist congregation in Włodawa.

His main work was the Slavonia reformata, continentes historiam ecclesiasticam (1st Ed Germany 1652, 2nd Ed. Amsterdam 1679, modern edition Warsaw 1973) In this he gives the history of both the Calvinist ecclesia major and Antitrinitarian (Arian or Socinian) ecclesia minor of the Polish Brethren.

Socinianism
Socinianism (/soʊˈsɪniənɪzəm, səˈ-/ soh-SIN-ee-ə-niz-əm, sə-) is a Nontrinitarian Christian belief system developed and co-founded during the Protestant Reformation by the Italian Renaissance humanists and theologians Lelio Sozzini and Fausto Sozzini, uncle and nephew, respectively.

It was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church between the 16th and 17th centuries, and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period. Socinianism is most famous for its unitarian belief but contains a number of other distinctive theological doctrines, such as the denial of divine foreknowledge regarding the actions of free agents and rejection of the pre-existence of Christ.
Leonard Casley
Leonard George Casley (28 August 1925 – 13 February 2019), also known as Prince Leonard, was the founder of a self-proclaimed micronation, the Principality of Hutt River, his own farm, within the Australian state of Western Australia. He governed Hutt River from 21 April 1970 until his abdication in February 2017 at a coronation ceremony that placed his son Graeme Casley on the throne.

Having pursued a number of occupations, Casley eventually settled on farming, purchasing a large wheat farm near the towns of Northampton and Geraldton in the 1960s where he came to own 75 square kilometres (29 sq mi). In 1970, he declared independence and founded Hutt River Province in response to a dispute with the Government of Western Australia over what the Casley family considered draconian wheat production quotas. "His Royal Highness Prince Leonard I of Hutt" was the style used by Casley from the creation of the principality until his death.

Production quota
A production quota is a goal for the production of a good. It is typically set by a government or an organization, and can be applied to an individual worker, firm, industry or country. Quotas can be set high to encourage production, or can be used to restrict production to support a certain price level.
Karl Kummer (boxer)
Karl Kummer (born August 3, 1909, date of death unknown) is a Swiss boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he was eliminated in the second round of the bantamweight class after losing his fight to Shunpei Hashioka.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The men's bantamweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the second lightest contested and allowed boxers of up to 119 pounds (53.5 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936, to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-four boxers from 24 nations competed.
Acrolepiopsis sapporensis
Acrolepiopsis sapporensis (Asiatic onion leafminer) is a moth of the family Acrolepiidae. It is native to Asia, where it is found from China and Mongolia to Russia, Korea and Japan. It is an introduced species in Hawaii, where it was initially misidentified as Acrolepiopsis assectella.

The length of the forewings is 4.7–5 mm.

The larvae feed on Allium fistulosum, Allium cepa, Allium porrum, Allium odorum, Allium nipponicum and Allium schoenoprasum.

Chives
Chives, scientific name Allium schoenoprasum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae.

A perennial plant, A. schoenoprasum is widespread in nature across much of Eurasia and North America. It is the only species of Allium native to both the New World and Old World.

The leaves and flowers are edible. Chives are a commonly used herb and vegetable with a variety of culinary uses. They are also used to repel insects.
International Topkapi Trophy
The International Topkapi Trophy is a Group 2 flat horse race in Turkey open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Veliefendi Race Course over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early September. The race is part of Istanbul's International Racing Festival.

Veliefendi Race Course
Veliefendi Race Course (Turkish: Veliefendi Hipodromu) is a horse racing track located at Veliefendi neighborhood in Bakırköy district of Istanbul, Turkey.

It is the country's oldest and biggest race course founded on a former grassland that was historically a farm belonging to Şeyhülislam Veliyyüddin Efendi, an 18th-century superior authority of Islam in the Ottoman Empire. The race course was constructed in the years 1912/13 by German specialists upon the initiative of Enver Pasha.

The race course hosts also music events. In 2006, Turkish pop singer Nez held a concert.
Hol, Ludhiana
Hol is a village located near Khanna in Ludhiana district of the Indian state of Punjab.
Youth in this village is surprisingly talented and excel in academics. Udvir Singh scored the highest in the whole district and pursued his studies in Northern College, Canada.

Ludhiana district
Ludhiana district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of Punjab. It is Punjab's largest district by both area and population. Ludhiana, the largest city in Punjab, is the district headquarters.

The main industries are bicycle parts and hosiery. Ludhiana is a hub of ladies footwear manufacturing, with around 10,000 small-scale units. The district is made up of seven tehsils, seven sub-tehsils and twelve development blocks.

Ludhiana district has the highest HDI in Punjab at 0.761 (2004 UNDP).
Fauresmith (industry)
In archaeology, Fauresmith industry is a stone tool industry that is transitional between the Acheulian and the Middle Stone Age. It is at the end of the Acheulian or beginning of the Middle Stone Age. It is named after the town of Fauresmith in South Africa. The Fauresmith is found at a number of other archaeological sites such as Wonderwerk Cave and Kathu Pan where it is potentially dated to at least 420,000 years ago. The Fauresmith consists of Middle Stone Age technology such as blades, points and prepared core technology as well as retaining handaxes from the Acheulian. The type sites are Brakfontein 321 and Riverview Estates Site VI. The Fauresmith culture shows Levalloisean influence, with hand-axes and flakes with faceted striking platforms. It is largely in the similar period with the Sangoan industry.

Fauresmith
Fauresmith is located 130 km south west of Bloemfontein, South Africa. The town, named after Rev Phillip Faure and Sir Harry Smith, is the second oldest town in the Free State.

Fauresmith is the only town in South Africa, and one of only three in the world, where the railway line runs down the centre of the main road.

The town is well known in equestrian circles for the annual National Equestrian Endurance Race, during which the horses and riders must complete a grueling 205 km course during the three days of the event.

Winters are extremely cold with temperatures often below freezing.
2014 Superettan
The 2014 Superettan, part of the 2014 Swedish football season, was the 15th season of Superettan, Sweden's second-tier football league in its current format. The 2014 fixtures were released on 20 December 2013. The season started on 5 April 2014 and concluded on 2 November 2014.

Hammarby IF won Superettan this season, their first title and were thus promoted to Allsvenskan after five years absence along with runners-up GIF Sundsvall who returned to the top flight after two years absence. Ljungskile SK advanced to the promotion play-offs but failed to win against Gefle IF.

A total of 16 teams contested the league; 12 returning from the 2013 season, two that were relegated from Allsvenskan and two that were promoted from Division 1.

GIF Sundsvall
Gymnastik- och Idrottsföreningen Sundsvall, more commonly known as GIF Sundsvall (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡɪfː ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval]), Giffarna  or simply Sundsvall, is a Swedish professional football club based in Sundsvall. The club is affiliated with Medelpads Fotbollförbund and plays its home games at NP3 Arena with a capacity of roughly 8,000 spectators. Formed on 25 August 1903, the club has played 19 seasons in Sweden's highest football league Allsvenskan, the club's first season in the league was in 1965.

GIF Sundsvall is placed twenty-second in the overall Allsvenskan table maratontabellen. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are blue, yellow and white. Nevertheless, white is not articulately present in today's kit it has a strong history within the club.
Juan Marín (Spanish politician)
Juan Antonio Marín Lozano (born 31 December 1962) is a Spanish businessman and politician. He first took office in the 2007 local elections in which his local independent group was elected to the city council in his hometown of Sanlúcar de Barrameda in the Province of Cádiz. He served as deputy mayor until 2015, in government with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Marín's group became integrated into the nationwide party Citizens (Cs). He was the party's candidate for President of the Regional Government of Andalusia in 2015, in which they entered the Parliament of Andalusia and provided support for PSOE incumbent Susana Díaz. In 2018, their support grew to 21 seats, and he served as Vice President in the first government of Juanma Moreno, a coalition between the People's Party (PP) and Cs. His party lost all their seats in the 2022 Andalusian regional election.

President of the Regional Government of Andalusia
The president of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Presidente de la Junta de Andalucía) or, simply the president of Andalusia (Spanish: Presidente de Andalucía), is the premier of the devolved government of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. The presidency is one of the three branches of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía), the institution whereby the government of the community is organized. The other two branches of are the Parliament of Andalusia and the Council of Government.

The current president of Andalusia is Juanma Moreno of the PP, who has held the office since 18 January  2019.
December (The Moody Blues album)
December is the sixteenth and final studio album by the Moody Blues and their only Christmas album.

Though they decided against recording any further albums following its release, the band continued to tour intermittently until 2018.

Happy Xmas (War Is Over)
"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" is a Christmas song released in 1971 as a single by the Plastic Ono Band with the Harlem Community Choir. It was the seventh single released by John Lennon outside his work with the Beatles. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom, where its release was delayed until November 1972, and has occasionally re-emerged on the UK singles chart, most notably following Lennon's murder in December 1980, when it peaked at number two.

A protest song against United States involvement in the Vietnam War, "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has since become a Christmas standard, frequently recorded by other artists, appearing on compilation albums of seasonal music, and named in polls as a holiday favourite. In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted tenth on the ITV television special The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song.
Chuna (river)
The Chuna (Russian: Чуна), called Uda (Уда; Mongolian: Үд, Üd) above the settlement of Chunsky, is a river in Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai of Russia. It is 1,203 kilometers (748 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 56,800 square kilometers (21,900 sq mi).

The river has its sources in the southwestern parts of Irkutsk Oblast, on the northern slopes of the eastern Sayan Mountains. It then flows over the Central Siberian Plateau, and passes the Nevanka and Nizhneudinsk. Logs are floated downriver and loaded onto the Baikal–Amur Mainline at Chunsky (station name Sosnovye Rodniki). It then turns west, and joins the Biryusa to form the Taseyeva, a tributary of the Angara.

Sayan Mountains
The Sayan Mountains (Mongolian: Соёны нуруу, Soyonii nuruu; Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤, romanized: Kögmen) are a mountain range in southern Siberia spanning southeastern Russia (Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva and Khakassia) and northern Mongolia. Before the rapid expansion of the Tsardom of Russia, the mountain range served as the border between Mongolian and Russian cultures and cultural influences.

The Sayan Mountains' towering peaks and cool lakes southwest of Tuva give rise to the tributaries that merge to become one of Siberia's major rivers, the Yenisei River, which flows north over 3,400 kilometres (2000 mi) to the Arctic Ocean. This is a protected and isolated area, having been kept closed by the Soviet Union since 1944.
Hagbard Jonassen
Hagbard Jonassen (24 May 1903 – 1 March 1977) was a Danish botanist, quaternary geologist, war resister and nuclear disarmament proponent. He made a lasting impact on the interpretation of pollen diagrams, including the use of modern pollen deposition in moss polsters to aid interpretation and the consideration of pollen productivity in different types of vegetation.

Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons. Its end state can also be a nuclear-weapons-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated. The term denuclearization is also used to describe the process leading to complete nuclear disarmament.

Disarmament and non-proliferation treaties have been agreed upon because of the extreme danger intrinsic to nuclear war and the possession of nuclear weapons.

Proponents of nuclear disarmament say that it would lessen the probability of nuclear war occurring, especially considering accidents or retaliatory strikes from false alarms. Critics of nuclear disarmament say that it would undermine deterrence and make conventional wars more common.
Cryptothecia aleurinoides
Cryptothecia aleurinoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in Thailand, it was formally described by lichenologists André Aptroot and Pat Wolseley. Its thallus is up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter and less than 0.1 mm thick, and is white in colour. Its ascospores are ellipsoid in shape, muriform (divided into compartments or locules by intersecting longitudinal and transverse septa), and measure 40–45 by 22–259 μm. It contains the substance 5-O-methylmicrophyllinic acid, which, at the time of publication, was the first time this lichen product had been recorded from genus Cryptothecia.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
John Haydn Davies
John Haydn Davies (1905 – 1991) was a Welsh schoolmaster and conductor. His family lived in the Rhondda area, and he was introduced to music whilst attending Blaencwm Welsh Baptist Chapel. He was educated at Blaencwm Elementary School, before winning a scholarship to attend Tonypandy Grammar School. He then trained as a teacher at Caerleon College, and took up a position at Blaencwm Primary, Rhondda (where he became the Headmaster). As a young schoolmaster he became conductor of the Blaencwm Choral Society, and was so competent that he was invited to become assistant conductor of the Treorchy Male Choir. In 1946 he became the choir's principal conductor, and held the post until he retired in 1968. From 1960 he held the position of Headmaster of Brodringallt Primary in Ystrad, remaining there for the rest of his career.

He died of coronary thrombosis at the East Glamorgan Hospital in 1991, and is buried at Treorchy Cemetery.

Tonypandy
Tonypandy (/tɒnəˈpændi/, Welsh pronunciation: [tɔnəˈpandi]) is a town, community and electoral ward located in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Wales, lying in the Rhondda Fawr Valley. A former industrial coal mining town, the town was the scene of the 1910 Tonypandy riots.

The community boundaries of Tonypandy are drawn relatively tightly around the central part of the urban area. According to the 2011 UK Census, the population of the community was 3,750. The Office for National Statistics defines a larger "Tonypandy built-up area" covering much of the Rhondda Fawr valley and the lower Rhondda Fach valley, which had a population of 62,545 in 2011. They also define a smaller "Tonypandy built-up area sub division" which had a population of 17,789.

The town is served by Tonypandy railway station on the Rhondda Line.
I Am (Michael Tolcher album)
I Am is Michael Tolcher's debut album, produced by Pop Rox. It was released on Octone Records on 4 May 2004.

Four of the songs had previously appeared on Tolcher's self-titled EP, released in 2003.

"Sooner Or Later" was used as the theme song for ABC's 2004-2005 series Life As We Know It.

Life as We Know It (TV series)
Life as We Know It is an American teen drama television series which aired on the ABC network during the 2004–2005 season. It was created by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. The series was loosely based on the novel Doing It by British writer Melvin Burgess.
Daniel Stamp
For information on the stamps commissioned to commemorate Danny Chan, see Danny Chan#Commemoration.

Daniel Malcolm Stamp (born 23 November 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for Norfolk. He was born in Paddington.

Stamp made his Minor Counties Championship debut during the 1988 season, and played in this and the Holt Cup until 1991.

Stamp made two List A appearances, both in the NatWest Trophy, between 1990 and 1991. He continued to represent Norfolk in the Minor Counties Championship until the end of the 1991 season.

Norfolk County Cricket Club
Norfolk County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County Cricket Clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Norfolk.

The club is a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Championship, the NCCA Knockout Trophy and, since 2018, in the NCCA Twenty20 competition. Norfolk took part in limited overs competitions which included first-class counties between 1965 and 2004. The club's main home venue is Barker's Lane in Sprowston, on the northern edge of Norwich, although it has used other locations throughout the county.
Richard H. Patterson
Richard H. Patterson (November 6, 1931 – April 12, 2010) was a chief petty officer in the United States Coast Guard, decorated for saving the crew of his vessel, USCGC Point Welcome after the skipper and executive officer became casualties during a 1966 friendly fire attack, in Vietnam.

Patterson was born in 1931 and grew up in Florida.  He enlisted in the Coast Guard as a young man, and by the mid-1960s he was a chief boatswain's mate.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
1955 Italian presidential election
The 1955 Italian presidential election was held in Italy on 28–29 April 1955. Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Chamber of Deputies, was elected President of Italy

Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1953 general election.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Bulungan language
The Bulungan language, also known as Bolongan and Bulongan (both are archaic), is an Austronesian language spoken in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The language was the court language of the Bulungan Sultanate. The classification of this language is not clear. Glottolog places it in the Sabahan group.

Sabahan languages
The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages mostly concentrated in the Malaysian state of Sabah, but also extended into neighbouring Sarawak of Malaysia, North Kalimantan of Indonesia, and the sovereign state of Brunei.
Union Square station (Allston)
Union Square station was a streetcar stop on the Green Line A branch located at Union Square in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.  It was closed in 1969 when service on the line was suspended and replaced by buses.

Union Square is now a transfer point between the 57 and 66 key bus routes; it is also served by route 64, express routes 501 and 503 on a limited number of trips, and the 51 and 193 on single daily trips.

Rail replacement bus service
A rail replacement bus service replaces a passenger train service on a temporary or permanent basis. The train service that is replaced may be of any type such as light rail, tram, streetcar, commuter rail, regional rail or heavy rail inter-city passenger service. The railway service may be replaced if the line is closed because of rail maintenance, a breakdown of a train, a rail accident or a strike action; it may simply provide additional capacity or if the railway service is deemed not economically viable.

Terms for a rail replacement bus service include  bustitution (a portmanteau of the words "bus" and "substitution", or bustitute) and bus bridge. Substitution of rail services by buses can be unpopular and subject to criticism, so the term bustitution is often used pejoratively.
Nyasol
Nyasol, also known as cis-hinokiresinol or as (Z)-hinokiresinol, is a lignan that is found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has estrogenic activity, acting as a selective agonist of the ERβ, and hence is a phytoestrogen. In addition, (-)-nyasol has been found to inhibit the production of eicosanoids and nitric oxide in vitro and shows anti-inflammatory effects.

Estrogen receptor beta
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) also known as NR3A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 2) is one of two main types of estrogen receptor—a nuclear receptor which is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.  In humans ERβ is encoded by the ESR2 gene.
Black-throated mango
The black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis) is a species in subfamily Polytminae of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It is found in Panama, in every mainland South American country except Chile, and in Trinidad and Tobago.

Polytminae
Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.

The informal name "mangoes" has been proposed for this group as the seven species in the largest genus, Anthracothorax, include "mango" in their common name.