hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudimbrasia
Pseudimbrasia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Saturniidae described by Pierre Claude Rougeot in 1962. Its only species, Pseudimbrasia deyrollei, described by James Thomson in 1858, is found in the mid-latitudes of Africa.

James Thomson (entomologist)
James Livingston Thomson (March 15, 1828 –  December 9, 1897) was an American entomologist who studied Coleoptera independently and mostly lived in France. A member of the Société entomologique de France, his collections of Cerambycidae, Buprestidae, Cetoniinae and Lucanidae were eventually sold to René Oberthür.
Wandsworth Museum
Wandsworth Museum was a local museum in the London Borough of Wandsworth, southwest London, England. This community museum covered the cultural and social history of Wandsworth, especially artefacts and artworks that show contemporary and traditional skills of local people.

Community museum
A community museum is a museum serving as an exhibition and gathering space for specific identity groups or geographic areas.

In contrast to traditional museums, community museums are commonly multidisciplinary, and may simultaneously exhibit the history, social history, art, or folklore of their communities.
Tant
Tant is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allison Tant (born 1961), American politician

Ed Tant (fl. 1974–), American journalist and political activist

Jay Tant (born 1977), American football player

Paul Tant (1945–2014), Belgian politician

Paul Tant
Paul Tant (4 April 1945 – 1 March 2014) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams. He was mayor of Kruishoutem from 1977 until 2009.

He studied at Ghent University, where he earned a degree in political science. He was a longtime professor at Ipsoc. He was mayor of Kruishoutem from 1977 until 2009. Tant served in the Chamber of Representatives from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1991 until 2007. Between his two terms in the Chamber of Representatives he served from 1989 to 1991 in the Senate.

He died at the age of 68 on 1 March 2014.
Kud
Kud is a town and a notified area committee in Udhampur district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is about 10 km from the popular tourist place Patnitop and is famous for a local sweet known as "Desi Ghee Patisa" another name of the sweet made up of milk products. Desi Ghee is a milk product and patisa is known as Papdi.

Jammu Airport
Jammu Airport, officially known as Jammu Civil Enclave (IATA: IXJ, ICAO: VIJU), is a domestic airport serving Jammu, the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located 6.1 km (3.8 mi) south of the city centre and 14 km (8.7 mi) from the India–Pakistan border.
Scree plot
In multivariate statistics, a scree plot is a line plot of the eigenvalues of factors or principal components in an analysis. The scree plot is used to determine the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis (FA) or principal components to keep in a principal component analysis (PCA). The procedure of finding statistically significant factors or components using a scree plot is also known as a scree test. Raymond B. Cattell introduced the scree plot in 1966.

A scree plot always displays the eigenvalues in a downward curve, ordering the eigenvalues from largest to smallest. According to the scree test, the "elbow" of the graph where the eigenvalues seem to level off is found, and factors or components to the left of this point should be retained as significant.

As the "elbow" point has been defined as point of maximum curvature, this property has led to the creation of the Kneedle algorithm.

Knee of a curve
In mathematics, a knee of a curve (or elbow of a curve) is a point where the curve visibly bends, specifically from high slope to low slope (flat or close to flat), or in the other direction. This is particularly used in optimization, where a knee point is the optimum point for some decision, for example when there is an increasing function and a trade-off between the benefit (vertical y axis) and the cost (horizontal x axis): the knee is where the benefit is no longer increasing rapidly, and is no longer worth the cost of further increases – a cutoff point of diminishing returns.

In heuristic use, the term may be used informally, and a knee point identified visually, but in more formal use an explicit objective function is used, and depends on the particular optimization problem. A knee may also be defined purely geometrically, in terms of the curvature or the second derivative.
Humanoid
A humanoid (/ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/; from English human and -oid "resembling") is a non-human entity with human form or characteristics. By the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but not identical, to those of the human skeleton.

Although this usage was common in the sciences for much of the 20th century, it is now considered rare. More generally, the term can refer to anything with distinctly human characteristics or adaptations, such as possessing opposable anterior forelimb-appendages (i.e. thumbs), visible spectrum-binocular vision (i.e. having two eyes), or biomechanic plantigrade-bipedalism (i.e. the ability to walk on heels and metatarsals in an upright position). Humanoids may also include human-animal hybrids (where each cell has partly human and partly animal genetic contents). Science fiction media frequently present sentient extraterrestrial lifeforms as humanoid as a byproduct of convergent evolution.

Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first. A bovine hind leg has two metatarsals.
Dinu Lipatti
Constantin "Dinu" Lipatti (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdinu liˈpati] ⓘ; 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1917 – 2 December 1950) was a Romanian classical pianist and composer whose career was cut short by his death from effects related to Hodgkin's disease at age 33. He was elected posthumously to the Romanian Academy. He composed few works, all of which demonstrated a strong influence from Hungarian composer Béla Bartok.

A relentless perfectionist, Lipatti often prepared many years for major performances, such as four years for Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 and three for Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1. He left a small number of recordings, and they are well-regarded, particularly that of Alborada del gracioso from Ravel's Miroirs suite. In his short lifetime he was highly acclaimed by prominent musical figures of the 20th century, including Yehudi Menuhin, Alfred Cortot, Nadia Boulanger, and Francis Poulenc.

Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)
The Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23, was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky between November 1874 and February 1875. It was revised in 1879 and in 1888. It was first performed on October 25, 1875, in Boston by Hans von Bülow after Tchaikovsky's desired pianist, Nikolai Rubinstein, criticised the piece. Rubinstein later withdrew his criticism and became a fervent champion of the work. It is one of the most popular of Tchaikovsky's compositions and among the best known of all piano concerti.

From 2021 to 2022, it served as the sporting anthem of the Russian Olympic Committee as a substitute of the country's actual national anthem as a result of the doping scandal that prohibits the use of its national symbols.
Kornet-D
Kornet-D is a Russian anti-tank missile carrier based on the AMS 233 144 TIGR-M 4x4 high mobility vehicle. It employs 9M133M Kornet-EM missiles in both tandem-HEAT or thermobaric warhead variants.

It is capable of launching a salvo of two missiles less than a second apart, either at a single target or at two different targets simultaneously. The two-missile salvo is intended to either defeat active protection systems or to ensure a single tank's destruction in the absence of an active protection system.

The system can be controlled remotely at a distance of 50 meters.

Thermobaric weapon
A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, or a vacuum bomb, is a type of explosive munition that works by dispersing an aerosol cloud of gas, liquid or powdered explosive. This allows the chemical combustion to proceed using atmospheric oxygen, so that the weapon does not need to include an oxidizer.

The fuel is usually a single compound, rather than a mixture of multiple substances. Many types of thermobaric weapons can be fitted to hand-held launchers, and can also be launched from airplanes.
Baantjer
Baantjer is a Dutch television programme which was broadcast by RTL 4 from 6 October 1995 until 1 December 2006 for a total of 123 episodes in 12 seasons. It stars Piet Römer as Jurriaan 'Jurre' de Cock, a police detective, and Victor Reinier as Dick Vledder, his helper. The series is based on the novels of writer A. C. Baantjer.

In 1999, RTL 4 broadcast the television film Baantjer, de film: De Cock en de wraak zonder einde because of the tenth anniversary of the network.

In 2018, it was announced by RTL that the series would be revived for a thirteenth season and a film, starring Waldemar Torenstra, that would be aired on RTL 4 and Videoland. The film Amsterdam Vice (Baantjer: Het Begin) won the Golden Film award two weeks after its premiere on 18 April 2019.

RTL 4
RTL 4 (Radio Télévision Luxembourg 4) is a Dutch free TV channel; it is the most-watched commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL 4 is a general entertainment channel with infotainment, television drama, talk shows, game shows, news and talent shows. It is owned by RTL Nederland, a subsidiary of DPG Media. The station has three sister TV channels: RTL 5, RTL 7 and RTL 8, and four thematic TV channels: RTL Z, RTL Lounge, RTL Crime and RTL Telekids.

Officially RTL 4 - along with RTL 5, RTL 7 and RTL 8 - is headquartered in Hilversum, broadcasting under a Luxembourg TV license. This allows them to avoid more strict control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourg's television watchdog is less strict. Despite being intended for Dutch audiences, RTL 4 is encrypted on the Dutch DVB-T Digitenne platform but free-to-air in Luxembourg.
Tukulan (river)
The Tukulan (Russian: Тукулаан; Yakut: Тукулан) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan, part of the Lena basin.

The Tukulan has a length of 191 kilometres (119 mi) and a drainage basin area of 2,880 square kilometres (1,110 sq mi). There are no settlements in the area of the river. The nearest inhabited places are Batamay of Kobyaysky District to the west of the Tukulan's mouth and Udarnik, Krest-Khaldzhay and Ary-Tolon of Tompo District to the east.

Tomponsky District
Tomponsky District (Russian: Томпонский улу́с; Yakut: Томпо улууһа, Tompo uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Momsky District in the northeast, Oymyakonsky District in the east, Ust-Maysky District in the southeast, Tattinsky District in the southwest, Ust-Aldansky and Kobyaysky Districts in the west, and with Verkhoyansky District in the north and northwest. The area of the district is 135,800 square kilometers (52,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Khandyga. Population: 14,099 (2010 Census); 15,275 (2002 Census); 22,844 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Khandyga accounts for 47.1% of the district's total population.
1990 Giro di Lombardia
The 1990 Giro di Lombardia was the 84th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 20 October 1990. The race started and finished in Monza. The race was won by Gilles Delion of the Helvetia–La Suisse team.

Gilles Delion
Gilles Delion (born 5 August 1966) is a French former road bicycle racer. His greatest achievements include winning the Giro di Lombardia in 1990 and the young rider classification in the 1990 Tour de France.

Early in his career, Delion was seen as a great promise, but Delion ended his career in 1996, saying that at that point doping was widespread in the cycling peloton, and that all French teams were involved. Willy Voet wrote in his book "Massacre à la chaîne" that Delion was against doping, and that other cyclists ridiculed Delion for that.
Nachtigal Peak
Nachtigal Peak (54°29′S 36°14′W﻿ / ﻿54.483°S 36.233°W﻿ / -54.483; -36.233) is a rocky peak on a spur projecting northward from the southeast extremity of the Allardyce Range, South Georgia. It rises to 1,160 m (3,810 ft) at the west side of the head of Cook Glacier, 4 nautical miles (4.6 mi; 7.4 km) east of Nordenskjold Peak. The name "Kleine Pic" (Little Peak) was given to this feature by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations, 1882–83. The SGS, 1951–52, reported that "Kleine Pic" is not particularly descriptive or distinctive for the peak described, and that name has been rejected. The name Nachtigal Peak, recommended by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954, derives from nearby Nachtigal Glacier, which was named by the German group of 1882–83.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nachtigal Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nachtigal Glacier
Nachtigal Glacier is a glacier 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) long flowing north from Mount Fagan toward Doris Bay, South Georgia. Charted by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations, 1882–83, who named the glacier after Dr. Gustav Nachtigal (1834–85), German physician and explorer of Africa.
Marcel Tassy
Marcel Tassy (27 December 1932 – 3 November 2024) was a French politician of the French Communist Party (PCF). He served as General Councillor of the Canton of Marseille – Saint-Just from 1973 to 1979 and was a member of the National Assembly representing Bouches-du-Rhône's 8th constituency from 1978 to 1981.

Tassy died on 3 November 2024, at the age of 91.

Canton of Marseille – Saint-Just
Canton of Marseille – Saint-Just is a former canton located within the commune of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of France. It was created 27 February 2003 by the decree 2003-156 of that date. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its population was 34,401 in 2012.

Elected to represent the canton in the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône:

Michel Pezet (PS, 2001-2008)
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The minister of foreign affairs is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Italy. The office was one of the positions which Italy inherited from the Kingdom of Sardinia where it was the most ancient ministry of the government: this origin gives to the office a ceremonial primacy in the Italian cabinet.

The current minister is Antonio Tajani, a member of Forza Italia, who is serving in the government of Giorgia Meloni since 22 October 2022.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italian: Ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale or MAECI) is the foreign ministry of the government of the Italian Republic. It is also known as the Farnesina as a metonym from its headquarters, the Palazzo della Farnesina in Rome. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Antonio Tajani.
Nahal Katlav
Nahal Katlav (Hebrew: נחל קטלב) is a valley in the Judean Mountains of Israel.

It starts near the villages of Bar Giora and Tzur Hadassah in the hilly landscape of the Jerusalem Corridor. In addition to rainwater, it is fed by several springs located in its vicinity (Ein Ktalav, Ein Giora). The name of the wadi is derived from the small-leaved plantain tree (Hebrew ktalav). It heads northwest, passing Bar Giora and descending a deep valley with wooded slopes. It then empties from the left into the Sorek creek, while the railway line to Jerusalem leads through the Sorek valley. Nearby is the abandoned Dayr al-Shaykh railway station (named after an Arab village that stood there until 1948).

The slopes of the wadi have stands of original trees and shrubs and the valley is used for tourism. It is included in the Nahal Sorek Nature Reserve.

Tzur Hadassah
Tzur Hadassah (Hebrew: צור הדסה, lit. 'Rock of Hadassah') is a town located in the Jerusalem Corridor, located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Jerusalem, at an altitude of 755 meters above sea level, located on Route 375 west of Beitar Illit, about one kilometer west of the Green Line, adjacent to the Palestinian village of Wadi Fukin. In 2023 it had a population of 10,473.
Konuvere
Konuvere (German: Konofer) is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia, on the north side of the Konuvere River.

Baltic German general Paul von Rennenkampf (1854–1918) was born in Konuvere Manor, note for heroic role in the Boxer Rebellion, and his role during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.

Konuvere is located 58.809501° north of the equator and 24.413043° east of the prime meridian. It is also located 27 m (89 ft) above sea level.

Rapla County
Rapla County (Estonian: Rapla maakond or Raplamaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529, constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia.
Exuperius of Bayeux
Saint Exuperius of Bayeux (Exupère), also known as Spirius (Spire, Soupir, Soupierre), is venerated as the first bishop of Bayeux.  The date of his episcopate is given as 390 to 405, but local legends made him an immediate disciple of St. Clement, who lived during the 1st century, and that St. Regnobertus was Exuperius' disciple.  This legend was found in breviaries of the 15th century.  According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, “the Bollandists and M. Jules Lair found little ground for this legend; it was only towards the middle of the fourth century that St. Exuperius founded the See of Bayeux; after him the priest St. Reverendus worked to spread Christianity in these parts.”  As Henry Wace writes, “this is only an instance of the tendency of the Gallic churches to claim an apostolic or subapostolic origin.”.

Jules Lair
Jules–Auguste Lair (25 May 1836 – 16 May 1907) was a French lawyer, businessman and scholar. 
At the École des Chartes he studied palaeography, and was offered a position with the National Archives, but he decided instead to become a lawyer. 
At the age of 25 he became director of a warehousing company, and over the next forty years was involved in various major enterprises including the first telephone network in France.
At the same time, he always set aside time for historical work, and published many articles and books on aspects of French history from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution.
C Duncan
Christopher Duncan (born 29 July 1989) is a Scottish composer and musician. His compositions have been featured on various television programmes, including Waterloo Road, and have been performed by Icebreaker and the Sirens of Titan choir. His first solo single, "For", was released in December 2014. He is currently signed to Bella Union.

His debut album Architect was nominated for the 2015 Mercury Music Prize. In October 2016, he released his second album The Midnight Sun. On 18 January 2019 Duncan announced his third album, Health, would be released on 29 March 2019. On the same day, he released the first single from Health, "Impossible". Health was produced by Elbow's Craig Potter at Blueprint Studios at Salford, Manchester, and will be Duncan's first album he did not record and produce entirely by himself.  The album was shortlisted for the Scottish Album of the Year Award 2019.

Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamh-chiùil Rìoghail na h-Alba), formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamaidh Rìoghail Ciùil is Dràma na h-Alba) is a conservatoire of dance, drama, music, production, and film in Glasgow, Scotland. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.

Founded in 1847, it has become the busiest performing arts venue in Scotland with over 500 public performances each year. 
The current principal is American pianist and composer Jeffrey Sharkey. The patron is King Charles III.
Anterastria teratophora
Anterastria teratophora, the grey marvel, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1854. It is found in North America from Quebec west to central Alberta, south to Florida and Arizona.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August depending on the location. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Mentha and Monarda species.

Mentha
Mentha, also known as mint (from Greek μίνθα míntha, Linear B mi-ta), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 18 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species' ranges overlap. Many hybrids and cultivars are known.

The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution, growing best in wet environments and moist soils.
Harlem YMCA
The Harlem YMCA is located at 180 West 135th Street between Lenox Avenue and Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.  Built in 1931-32, the red-brown brick building with neo-Georgian details was designed by the Architectural Bureau of the National Council of the YMCA, with James C. Mackenzie Jr. as the architect in charge. It replaced the building from 1919 across the street.  Inside the building is a mural by Aaron Douglas titled "Evolution of Negro Dance."  The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and was designated a New York City Landmark in 1998.

Lenox Avenue
Lenox Avenue – also named Malcolm X Boulevard; both names are officially recognized – is the primary north–south route through Harlem in the upper portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. This two-way street runs from Farmers' Gate at Central Park North (110th Street) to 147th Street. Its traffic is figuratively described as "Harlem's heartbeat" by Langston Hughes in his poem Juke Box Love Song.

From 119th Street to 123rd Street, Lenox Avenue is part of the Mount Morris Park Historic District, designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1971.
Gracious Revenge
Gracious Revenge (Korean: 우아한 모녀; RR: Uahan monyeo) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Choi Myung-gil, Cha Ye-ryun, Kim Heung-soo, and Oh Chae-yi.  It aired on KBS2 every weekday at 19:50 (KST) starting November 4, 2019.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.