hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Afzal Ahsan Randhawa
Muhammad Afzal Ahsan Randhawa (Punjab, Urdu: محمد افضل احسن رندھاوا) (September 1937 – 18 September 2017) was a Pakistani Punjabi language writer, poet, translator, playwright and a politician.

He authored several short stories and novels in the Punjabi language including Sooraj Grehan and Doaba.

Pakistan Academy of Letters
The Pakistan Academy of Letters (PAL) (Urdu:  اکادمیِ ادبیات پاکستان) is a national academy with its main focus on Pakistani literature and related fields. It is the largest and the most prestigious learned society of its kind in Pakistan, with activities throughout the nation. It was established in July 1976 by a group of renowned Pakistani writers, poets, essayists, playwrights, and translators, inspired by the Académie Française.
Columbiana High School
Columbiana High School is a public high school in Columbiana, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Columbiana Exempted Village School District. Athletic teams are known as the Clippers and compete as a member of the Ohio High School Athletic Association in the Eastern Ohio Athletic Conference.

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
1994 Goodwrench 500
The 1994 Goodwrench 500 was the second stock car race of the 1994 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 29th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, February 27, 1994, in Rockingham, North Carolina, at North Carolina Speedway, a 1.017 miles (1.637 km) permanent high-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 492 laps to complete. At race's end, Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace would manage to dominate the majority of the race to take his 32nd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his first victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Morgan–McClure Motorsports driver Sterling Marlin and Precision Products Racing driver Rick Mast would finish second and third, respectively.

Sterling Marlin
Sterling Burton Marlin (born June 30, 1957) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the JEGS/CRA All-Stars Tour. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, winning the Daytona 500 in 1994 and 1995. He is the son of late NASCAR driver Coo Coo Marlin. He is married to Paula and has a daughter, Sutherlin, a son, Steadman, a former NASCAR Xfinity Series driver, and a grandson Stirlin who races for Sterling in Sterling’s No. 114 Super Late Model. Marlin is a member of the NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers list.
Heisenberg group
In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form

under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuous Heisenberg group") or the ring of integers (resulting in the "discrete Heisenberg group").

The continuous Heisenberg group arises in the description of one-dimensional quantum mechanical systems, especially in the context of the Stone–von Neumann theorem. More generally, one can consider Heisenberg groups associated to n-dimensional systems, and most generally, to any symplectic vector space.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Women Advocates Research and Documentation Centre
Women Advocates Research and Documentation Centre (WARDC) nonprofit organization  established in the year 2000 with the focus on combating human rights abuse against women, gender-based violence, child abuse, gender equality and justice for women and girls in Nigeria. It is registered with the Cooperate Affairs Commission Nigeria and has impacted impacted women and girls in Nigeria through its sensitizations, activities, campaigns and assistance.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Udria Landscape Conservation Area
Udria Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Ida-Viru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 377 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1939 to protect Udria erratic boulders field on the coast of Narva Bay.

Udria
Udria is a village in Narva-Jõesuu municipality, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Vaivara Parish. There is a large wind farm in Udria.
Cinnamomum crassinervium
Cinnamomum crassinervium is a species of tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is endemic to Borneo. It is a tree growing to 25 metres tall, with a trunk up 16 cm in diameter.

It is known from Sabah (Kinabatangan, Labuk Sagut, Pensiangan, and Ranau districts), Sarawak (Belaga, Bintulu, Kuching, Lawas, Lubok Antu, Marudi, Miri, and Samarahan districts), Brunei, and East Kalimantan. It grows in lowland mixed dipterocarp, kerangas, lower submontane, and limestone forests to 600 metres elevation.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Donald C. McGraw
Donald Cushing McGraw (21 May 1897 – 7 February 1974) was an American publisher and president of McGraw-Hill from 1953 to 1966. During his time as president, he expanded the company beyond publishing and acquired three industry reference sources: Standard & Poor's, F. W. Dodge Corporation, and Platts. Between 1956 and 1960, McGraw-Hill was one of America's Top 50 performing companies.

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
Debi Prasad Mishra
Debi Prasad Mishra is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a six time elected Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 1995, representing Kendrapara Assembly constituency as a Member of the Janata Dal and from 2000, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 representing the same constituency as a member of Biju Janata Dal.

2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election was held in April 2014, concurrently with the general election. The elections were held in the state in two phases. The results were declared on 16 May 2014.

The ruling party, Biju Janata Dal, upon gaining majority of seats formed the government again, with incumbent Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, continuing office for another term.

The nominee for CM from the then BJP was Kanaka Vardhan Singhdeo. Perhaps only this time had Orissa BJP declared its CM face pre-poll.
Annesley Old Church
Annesley Old Church or the Church of All Saints, Annesley Park, is a disused church in a ruinous condition which stands on a mound near to Annesley Hall, Nottinghamshire, England. The building remains are Grade I listed and are surrounded by a graveyard. The site is scheduled as an Scheduled monument.

The church is built in stone and measures approximately 35 metres (115 ft) by 14.5 metres (48 ft). The standing remains include the roofless west tower, nave, chancel and a large 14th-century lady chapel to the south. The Lady Chapel, known as the "Felley Chantry" after the priory at Felley to whom the patronage once belonged, contained three fine sedilia and a piscina and a large east window with reticulated stone tracery. The surrounding graveyard contains a variety of mainly 17th- and 18th-century grave markers.

Piscina
A piscina is a shallow basin placed near the altar of a church, or else in the vestry or sacristy, used for washing the communion vessels. The sacrarium is the drain itself. Lutherans and Anglicans usually refer to the basin, calling it a piscina. For Catholics and Lutherans, a sacrarium is "special sink used for the reverent disposal of sacred substances. This sink has a cover, a basin, and a special pipe and drain that empty directly into the earth, rather than into the sewer system" (USCCB, Built of Living Stones, 236). Precious or sacred items are disposed of, when possible, by returning them to the ground. They are in some cases used to dispose of materials used in the sacraments and water from liturgical ablutions. They are found in Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, and a similar vessel is used in Eastern Orthodox churches.
Palestinian internal political violence
Palestinian internal political violence has existed throughout the course of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, notwithstanding the fact that the vast majority of Palestinian political violence has been directed against Israeli targets. Some analysts have referred to this type of violence as an "intrafada", a portmanteau of "intra" and "intifada".

July 2024 West Bank unrest
The July 2024 West Bank unrest refers to a period of instability in the West Bank lasting from late July to early August of 2024. This marked a significant escalation of violence between the Palestinian Authority and Palestinian militants amid protests in multiple cities. The unrest began over the Palestinian Authority security forces attempting to arrest Tulkarm Brigade commander Abu Shujaa, who was hospitalized inside a hospital in Tulkarm. This incident worsened the existing conflict between the PA and militias, leading to confrontations throughout the West Bank. The unrest gradually subsided by early August with no major change and relations remaining tense.
Faagasealii Sapoa Feagiai
Faagasealii Sapoa Feagiai is a Samoan politician and member of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. She is a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.

Fa'agaseali'i is a registered nurse who has previously worked for Samoa's National Kidney Foundation. She has previously run unsuccessfully for election in the 2011 and 2016 elections. She stood as a candidate in the 2021 Samoan by-elections in the seat of Aleipata-i-Lalo, but was unsuccessful, losing to Titimaea Tafua by over 200 votes. Following the by-election she was appointed to parliament under the women's quota as the second-highest-polling unsuccessful female candidate. However, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly postponed her swearing in until all legal matters regarding it were addressed. The Supreme Court later ruled against the speaker, and she was sworn in on 17 May 2022.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
Iana Lebiedieva
Iana Lebiedieva (born 12 February 1984) is a Ukrainian Paralympic athlete competing in F53-classification events. She won the silver medal in the women's discus throw F53 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan.

She is a two-time silver medalist at the World Para Athletics Championships and a five-time medalist, including three golds, at the World Para Athletics European Championships.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
USCGC Ingham (WHEC-35)
USCGC Ingham (WPG/WAGC/WHEC-35) is one of only two preserved Treasury-class United States Coast Guard Cutters. Originally Samuel D. Ingham, she was the fourth cutter to be named for Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham. She was the most decorated vessel in the Coast Guard fleet and was the only cutter to ever be awarded two Presidential Unit Citations.

United States Coast Guard Cutter
United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the U.S. Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels.  They are 65 feet (19.8 m) or greater in length and have a permanently assigned crew with accommodations aboard.  They carry the ship prefix USCGC.
Manchester (ancient township)
Manchester Township was one of the many townships and chapelries which formed the ancient parish of Manchester within the Salford hundred of Lancashire, England. It included the area of what is now Manchester city centre and the adjoining area of Ancoats.

In 1792 commissioners, usually known as police commissioners, were established for the improvement of the township. Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, the municipal borough of Manchester was established in 1838 as a local authority area, and included the townships of Manchester, Beswick, Cheetham, Chorlton-on-Medlock and Hulme.

Beswick, Manchester
Beswick (/ˈbɛzɪk/) is an area of east Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, it neighbours the district of Openshaw to the east. The River Medlock and the Ashton Canal both run through it.

Beswick is close to sporting facilities including the City of Manchester Stadium, the National Squash Centre, the Manchester Regional Athletics Arena and the National Cycling Centre.

The area is also home to East Manchester Academy, a mixed secondary school which opened in 2010, and includes Beswick library.
Malekeh Jahan
Malekeh-Jahan (Persian: ملکه جهان; 21 June 1875 – 5 November 1947) was the queen consort of her cousin Mohammad Ali Shah of Iran, and the mother of Ahmad Shah Qajar. She played a political role during the reign of her husband as a supporter in his struggle against the Constitutional Party.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Panormus (Skopelos)
Panormus or Panormos (Ancient Greek: Πάνορμος) was an ancient harbour on the coast of the island of Skopelos in the Northern Sporades. It is mentioned by Diodorus and by Polyaenus; they relate that, around 361/0 BCE, Alexander of Pherae besieged Peparethus and occupied Panormus. Leosthenes, the Athenian admiral, commanded the troops that came to the aid of Peparethus, but Alexander resisted the siege in Panormus, seized some Athenians triremes by a stratagem and plundered Piraeus.

Its site is located near the modern village of Panormos, Skopelos.

Siegecraft in Ancient Greece
Siegecraft originated in Ancient Greece. This type of siege originated from the moment in which the stage of the mere siege was surpassed by an exceptional development of military techniques, which were hardly taken any further during the Middle Ages, until the invention of firearms. The importance of siege techniques was due to the increase in the strategic role of the city to the detriment of the territory in the overall defense of the polis.
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium is the organoruthenium half-sandwich compound with formula RuCl(PPh3)2(C5H5).  It as an air-stable orange crystalline solid that is used in a variety of organometallic synthetic and catalytic transformations.  The compound has idealized Cs symmetry.  It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetone.

Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the formula C5H6. It is often abbreviated CpH because the cyclopentadienyl anion is abbreviated Cp−.

This colorless liquid has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels–Alder reaction. This dimer can be heated to induce thermal cracking and regenerate the monomer through a retro-Diels–Alder reaction

The compound is mainly used for the production of cyclopentene and its derivatives. It is popularly used as a precursor to the cyclopentadienyl anion (Cp−), an important ligand in cyclopentadienyl complexes in organometallic chemistry.
Musan Cholsan station
Musan Ch'ŏlsan station is a railway station in Musan county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Musan Line of the Korean State Railway.

Although the Sinch'am–Musan section of the Musan line was opened on 15 November 1929, this station was not opened until 1 February 1937.

Local passenger trains running between Musan and Ch'ŏngjin on the southern junction of the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines serve this station, and there are several daily commuter trains for workers and students between Musan and Komusan. In addition, two daily pairs of local trains, 662/663 and 668/669, operate between Musan and Church'o.

Chucho station
Chuch'o station is a railway station in Chucho'o-rodongjagu, Musan county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Musan Line of the Korean State Railway.

It was opened, along with the rest of the Sinch'am–Musan section of the Musan line, on 15 November 1929.

Local passenger trains running between Musan and Ch'ŏngjin on the southern junction of the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines serve this station, and there are several daily commuter trains for workers and students between Musan and Komusan. In addition, two daily pairs of local trains, 662/663 and 668/669, operate between Musan and Chuch'o.
Che Kung Temple
22°22′25″N 114°10′58″E﻿ / ﻿22.3735°N 114.1829°E﻿ / 22.3735; 114.1829

Che Kung Miu (traditional Chinese: 車公廟; simplified Chinese: 车公庙; pinyin: Chēgōng Miào; Jyutping: ce1 gung1 miu6), also called Che Kung Temple, are temples dedicated to the Chinese deity Che Kung, who was a general during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) in Imperial China. He is believed by some worshipers to have been involved in the attempt to keep the Song state alive by bringing Prince Ping and his brother to the South. There are two temples dedicated to Che Kung in Hong Kong: one in Sha Tin and one in Ho Chung. Other temples in Hong Kong are partly dedicated to Che Kung.

Heritage conservation in Hong Kong
This article details the history and status of heritage conservation in Hong Kong, as well as the role of various stakeholders.

An indication of the size of the built heritage in Hong Kong is given by a territory-wide survey conducted by the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) between 1996 and 2000, which recorded some 8,800 buildings. The preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage is also an emerging theme.
Dian (given name)
Dian is a unisex given name. Notable people with the name include:

People:

Dian Agus Prasetyo (born 1985), Indonesian footballer

Dian Bachar (born 1970), American actor

Dian Fossey (1932–1985), American zoologist who studied gorillas

Dian Genchev (born 1975), Bulgarian footballer

Dian HP (born 1965), Indonesian composer

Dian Inggrawati (born 1984), deaf Indonesian beauty queen

Dian Kateliev (born 1980), Bulgarian footballer

Dian Moldovanov (born 1985), Bulgarian footballer

Dian Nissen, American trampolinist, fitness professional, and daughter of the inventor of the trampoline

Dian Sastrowardoyo (born 1982), Indonesian actress and model

Dian Slavens (born 1958), American politician

Mythological or fictional characters:

Dian Cecht, the god of healing in Irish mythology

Dian Alberts, on the Dutch soap opera Goede tijden, slechte tijden

Dian Belmont, a DC Comics character

Dian Genchev
Dian Todorov Genchev (Bulgarian: Диан Генчев; born 8 February 1975) is a Bulgarian retired footballer and now youth coach at Olympic Varna. He played as a playmaker who can play well both as an attacking central midfielder.
Kyongae Chang
Kyongae Chang (Korean: 장경애, born September 5, 1946) is a South Korean astrophysicist. She is best known for her work on gravitational lensing, including the Chang-Refsdal lens.

Chang was born in Seoul. She graduated Sungkyunkwan University and worked as a research associate on astrometric binaries with Professors van de Kamp and Heintz at Sproul Observatory from 1969 till 1971. From 1975 until 1980 she worked on a Dr. rer. nat. at Hamburg University, graduating with her work on the Chang-Refsdal lens. The main result was published in Nature in 1979 immediately after the discovery of the first gravitational lens.

She returned to Korea in 1985 and became a professor at Cheongju University.

Sungkyunkwan University
Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or Seongdae, Korean: 성균관대학교; Hanja: 成均館大學校) is a private research university with campuses in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea. The institution traces its origins to the historic Sungkyunkwan founded in 1398 in central Seoul. As the foremost educational institution during the Joseon period, it was governed by the great code of the state administration with royal assent. By a resolution of the Progressive Intellectuals and Confucian scholars, it was restructured as a comprehensive university in the mid-20th century, and has since greatly expanded its academic offerings.