hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jeroen van de Weijer
Jeroen van de Weijer (born August 29, 1965 in Nijmegen) is a Dutch linguist who teaches phonology, morphology, phonetics, psycholinguistics, historical linguistics and other courses at Shenzhen University, where he is Distinguished Professor of English linguistics at the School of Foreign Languages. Before, he was Full Professor of English Linguistics at Shanghai International Studies University, in the School of English Studies.

Lingua (journal)
Lingua: An International Review of General Linguistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering general linguistics that was established in 1949. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Marta Dynel (University of Łódź).
1938 Czechoslovak presidential election
The 1938 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 30 November 1938. The election was held following the Munich Agreement. Edvard Beneš resigned on his position and  Emil Hácha became the new president.

Emil Hácha
Emil Dominik Josef Hácha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɛmɪl ˈɦaːxa]; 12 July 1872 – 27 June 1945) was a Czech lawyer, serving as the president of Czechoslovakia from November 1938 to March 1939. In March 1939, after the breakup of Czechoslovakia, Hácha was the nominal president of the newly proclaimed German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
Hatteng
Hatteng (Norwegian), Háhtta (Northern Sami), or Hattu (Kven) is the administrative centre of Storfjord Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the European route E06 highway at the southern end of the Storfjorden, a branch of the large Lyngenfjorden. Storfjord Church is located in Hatteng.

Hatteng sits about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the village of Nordkjosbotn (in Balsfjord Municipality) and about 33 kilometres (21 mi) northwest of the Treriksröset cairn where the borders of Norway, Sweden, and Finland meet.

Immediately west of Hatteng lies the village of Oteren.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Duché
Duché is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Duché Sr. (1708–1788), American colonist, mayor of colonial Philadelphia

Jacob Duché (1737–1798), American colonist, chaplain to the Continental Congress

Thomas Spence Duché (1763–1790), American painter

Jacob Duché Sr.
Colonel Jacob Duché (1708–1788) was a mayor of Philadelphia in the colonial province of Pennsylvania.

Duché was born in Philadelphia, the son of Anthony Duché (c. 1682-1762), a potter from a Huguenot family who had emigrated to England. Anthony had come with his wife to America in the same ship as William Penn in about 1700.
Jacob was appointed a colonel of the militia. He served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1761 to 1762. He became a member of the American Philosophical Society through his election in 1768.

He was for many years a vestryman of Christ Church; when the congregation grew too large to be accommodated there, he headed the committee that oversaw the erection of its daughter church, St. Peter's.
Timeline of Real IRA and New IRA actions
This is a timeline of actions by the Irish republican paramilitary groups referred to as the Real Irish Republican Army ('Real IRA') and New Irish Republican Army ('New IRA'). The Real IRA was formed in 1997 by disaffected members of the Provisional IRA. Since July 2012, when Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD) and other small republican groups merged with it, the group has been called the New IRA; although it continues to call itself simply "the Irish Republican Army".

It has been the largest and most active of the dissident republican paramilitaries waging a campaign against the British security forces. The other main republican paramilitary groups are the group which calls itself Óglaigh na hÉireann, and the Continuity IRA. All actions listed took place in Northern Ireland unless stated otherwise.

Armagh
Armagh (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə], "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture.

Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census.
K-Hits
Many radio stations currently use the brand K-Hits:

WBMX, Chicago, Illinois, USA

KHTT, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA

KADD, Logandale, Nevada, USA

KTHI, Caldwell, Idaho, USA

KHYT, Tucson, Arizona, USA

KPKL, Deer Park, Washington, USA

KZID, Culdesac, Idaho, USA

KHTE-FM, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

KCCL, Woodland, California, United States

Stations that used to use this branding:

KHIT-FM, Madera, California, USA

KHTZ, Los Angeles, California, USA

KGLK, Lake Jackson, Texas, USA

KHHT, Denver, Colorado, USA

KIHT, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

KLTH, Portland, Oregon, USA

KMJE (FM), Placerville, California, USA

KMXP, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

KLYY, Riverside, California, USA

KADD
KADD (93.5 FM "La Mejor 93.5") is a commercial radio station broadcasting a Spanish-language Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Logandale, Nevada, it serves as a rimshot station in the Las Vegas Valley. The station is owned by Eric Palacios' Radio Activo Broadcasting, through licensee Radio Activo 2 LLC. The studios are on South Eastern Avenue in Las Vegas.

The transmitter is sited near Virgin Peak south of Bunkerville, Nevada. KADD is also relayed over three boosters: KADD-FM1 in North Las Vegas, KADD-FM2 in Las Vegas and KADD-FM3 in Henderson. Other boosters are near St. George, Utah.
Salto Grande Dam
The Salto Grande Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Uruguay River, located between Concordia, Argentina, and Salto, Uruguay; thus shared between the two countries.

The construction of the dam began in 1974 and was completed in 1979. Power is generated by fourteen Kaplan turbines, totaling the installed capacity to 1,890 MW (2,530,000 hp). The dam passes approximately 64,000 cubic metres (2,300,000 cu ft) of water per second, compared to the current average flow of the Uruguay River at 4,622 cubic metres (163,200 cu ft). The reservoir has a total area of 783 square kilometres (302 sq mi), while its maximum dimensions are 140 by 9 kilometres (87.0 mi × 5.6 mi).

Kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.

The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not possible with Francis turbines. The head ranges from 10 to 70 metres (33 to 230 ft) and the output ranges from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres (6 ft 7 in and 36 ft 1 in). Turbines rotate at a constant rate, which varies from facility to facility. That rate ranges from as low as 54.5 rpm (Albeni Falls Dam) to 450 rpm.

Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow, low-head power production.
Robot Chicken: Star Wars
"Robot Chicken: Star Wars" (also known as "Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode I") is a 2007 episode of the television comedy series Robot Chicken, airing as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block on June 17, 2007 (released after the original Star Wars film's 30th anniversary). It was released on DVD on July 22, 2008.

C-3PO
C-3PO (/ˌsiːˈθriːpioʊ/) is a humanoid robot character in the Star Wars franchise. He is a protocol droid designed to assist in etiquette and translation, and is fluent in over six million forms of communication. He first appeared in the 1976 novelization of the original Star Wars film (1977), and he appears in all nine films of the Skywalker Saga, which includes the original trilogy, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy. Anthony Daniels portrays C-3PO in all the Skywalker Saga films and the standalone film Rogue One, and he voices the droid in the animated series The Clone Wars. In addition to films, C-3PO appears in television series, novels, comics, and video games.
Univex Mercury
The 1938 Univex Mercury was an unusual half frame 35 mm camera from The Universal Camera Corporation.

It was the first camera with any kind of hot shoe connector, and had a distinctive profile due to a large dome protruding from the top of the main body to accommodate its 1/1000 sec rotary disc shutter. It used Universal #200 film, which was only made prior to WWII.

Hot shoe
A hot shoe is a mounting point on the top of a camera to attach a flash unit and other compatible accessories. It takes the form of an angled metal bracket surrounding a metal contact point which completes an electrical connection between camera and accessory for standard, brand-independent flash synchronization.

The hot shoe is a development of the standardised "accessory shoe" or "cold shoe", with no flash contacts, formerly fitted to cameras to hold accessories such as a rangefinder, or flash connected by a cable.

The dimensions of the hot shoe are defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in ISO 518:2006. Details such as trigger voltage are not standardised; electrical incompatibilities are still possible between brands.
Sarah El Haïry
Sarah El Haïry (born 16 March 1989) is a French politician of the Democratic Movement (MoDem). She most recently served as Minister Delegate for Youth, Childhood, and Family in the Attal government in 2024. Previously, she was Secretary of State for Biodiversity from 2023 to 2024 in the Borne government.

El Haïry has also held the position of Secretary of State for Youth and the National Universal Service in two separate terms: first in the Castex government from 2020 to 2022, and then in the Borne government from 2022 to 2023. A former member of the National Assembly, she represented Loire-Atlantique's 5th constituency from 2017 to 2020 and briefly again in 2022.

Minister delegate (France)
A minister delegate (French: Ministre délégué, [ministʁ deleɡe]) is a minister in the Government of France in charge of a specific issue within a ministry. They are placed under the authority of a specific cabinet minister or that of the Prime Minister. According to protocol, a minister delegate ranks between a minister and a secretary of state.
Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne
Arnulf III of Boulogne (died 990) was a son of Arnulf II, Count of Boulogne. He succeeded his father as Count of Boulogne from 972 to 990.  On his death some genealogical reconstructions suggest his lands were divided among his three sons as follows:

Baldwin received Boulogne

Arnulf (alleged son) received Ternois likely centered on Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

An unnamed son (unconfirmed) received Thérouanne

These claims are not confirmed by contemporary sources.

Thérouanne
Thérouanne ([teʁ.wan]; West Flemish: Terenburg; Dutch Terwaan) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Aire-sur-la-Lys and 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Saint-Omer, on the river Lys.
Tullyveela
Tullyveela (from Irish Tulaigh an Mhíle, meaning 'The Mile Hill') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Corlough and barony of Tullyhaw. The local pronunciation is Tullyveela.

Templeport
Templeport (Irish: Teampall an Phoirt) is a civil parish in the barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. The chief towns in the parish are Bawnboy and Ballymagauran. The large Roman Catholic parish of Templeport containing 42,172 statute acres was split up in the 18th & 19th centuries into three new parishes, Templeport, Corlough and Glangevlin.
1816 United States presidential election in Connecticut
A presidential election was held in Connecticut on November 1, 1816 as part of the 1816 United States presidential election. The senior U.S. senator from New York Rufus King, the de facto candidate of the Federalist Party, received nine votes from electors chosen by the Connecticut General Assembly. Although commonly remembered as the last Federalist presidential candidate, King was not formally selected as the party's nominee and had no designated running mate; the Connecticut electors split their vice presidential votes between the former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania James Ross and the chief justice of the United States John Marshall. This was the last election in which Connecticut's electoral votes were awarded by the state legislature.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
PTK2
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion (how cells stick to each other and their surroundings) and spreading processes (how cells move around).  It has been shown that when FAK was blocked, breast cancer cells became less metastatic due to decreased mobility.

PDBe-KB
Protein Data Bank in Europe – Knowledge Base (PDBe-KB) is a community-driven, open-access, integrated resource whose mission is to place macromolecular structure data in their biological context and to make them accessible to the scientific community in order to support fundamental and translational research and education. It is part of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), based at the Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England.
Cobra probe
A Cobra probe is a device to measure the pressure and velocity components of a moving fluid. It is a multi-holed pressure probe with rotational axis of the probe shaft coplanar with the measurement plane of the instrument.  Because of this geometry, when the instrument is rotated around the shaft's axis, the measurement elements of the probe remain in the same location.  The name cobra probe comes from the shape of the probe head which gives it this property.

Cobra probes come in three-, four-, and five-hole configurations, the former used for two-dimensional flow measurement, the latter two for three-dimensional flow measurement.  In the three-hole kind of instrument, there are two yaw direction tubes which are chamfered and silver soldered symmetrically on the two sides of a pitot tube. It is otherwise similar to the other kinds of yawmeters.  In the four- and five-hole configurations, the central pitot tube is surrounded by three or four chamfered tubes, respectively.

Euler angles
The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.

They can also represent the orientation of a mobile frame of reference in physics or the orientation of a general basis in  three dimensional linear algebra.

Classic Euler angles usually take the inclination angle in such a way that zero degrees represent the vertical orientation. Alternative forms were later introduced by Peter Guthrie Tait and George H. Bryan intended for use in aeronautics and engineering in which zero degrees represent the horizontal position.
RocksDB
RocksDB is a high performance embedded database for key-value data. It is a fork of Google's LevelDB optimized to exploit multi-core processors (CPUs), and make efficient use of fast storage, such as solid-state drives (SSD), for input/output (I/O) bound workloads. It is based on a log-structured merge-tree (LSM tree) data structure. It is written in C++ and provides official language bindings for C++, C, and Java. Many third-party language bindings exist. RocksDB is free and open-source software, released originally under a BSD 3-clause license. However, in July 2017 the project was migrated to a dual license of both Apache 2.0 and GPLv2 license. This change helped its adoption in Apache Software Foundation's projects after blacklist of the previous BSD+Patents license clause.

RocksDB is used in production systems at various web-scale enterprises including Facebook, Yahoo!, and LinkedIn.

Language binding
In programming and software design, a binding is an application programming interface (API) that provides glue code specifically made to allow a programming language to use a foreign library or operating system service (one that is not native to that language).
Candace Fleming
Candace Groth Fleming (born May 24, 1962) is an American writer of children's books, both fiction and non-fiction. She is the author of more than twenty books for children and young adults, including the Los Angeles Times Book Prize-honored The Family Romanov and the Boston Globe–Horn Book Award-winning biography, The Lincolns, among others.

In 2013, the Children's Book Council named Fleming a Children's Book Month Champion, and in 2014, Fleming was awarded the Children’s Book Guild Nonfiction Award. In 2016, she was a finalist for the NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's Literature, which "celebrates the importance of children's and young-adult literature and the impact it has on our children's minds." Thirty-two of her books are Junior Library Guild selections.

The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books
The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books is an academic journal established in 1945 by Frances E. Henne (University of Chicago Graduate Library School). The journal publishes reviews of the latest in children's literature in order to assist librarians and school instructors in their educational mission. The editor-in-chief is Kate Quealy-Gainer (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign). The journal is published by the Johns Hopkins University Press.
Irigwe people
Irigwe people (Rigwe: Nneirigwe; Tyap: Á̱nietza̱fan; Hausa: Miyango) are found mainly in Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State, Middle Belt (central) Nigeria. They speak the Rigwe language (also Nkarigwe), a Central Plateau language. Their headquarters is the town of Miango, west of the state capital, Jos. The Irigwe have been in the news in recent years on account of frequent attacks by Fulani militants (see for instance, https://www.persecution.org/2024/12/24/14-irigwe-christians-killed-days-before-christmas/).

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (soundtrack)
The soundtrack of the 1999 Jim Jarmusch film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai features an original score by RZA and also features hip-hop songs by such artists as Wu-Tang Clan, Killah Priest, and Public Enemy. Two soundtrack albums were released, one internationally and another in Japan, each with different song mixes, some of which do not appear in the film. There are many songs, however, that can be heard in the film that appear on neither soundtrack album. It is the first of RZA's fully scored film works.

Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai
Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai is a 1999 crime drama film produced, written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. It stars Forest Whitaker as the title character, a hitman for the mafia who adheres to the ancient warrior code of the samurai, as outlined in the book of Yamamoto Tsunetomo's recorded sayings, Hagakure. The cast also features Cliff Gorman, Henry Silva, Isaach de Bankolé, Victor Argo and Camille Winbush.

An international co-production between the United States, France, Germany and Japan, Ghost Dog premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. The film opened to largely positive critical reception, and was nominated for both an Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and a César Award for Best Foreign Film.
James Akin
James Akin (c. 1773 – 1846) was an American political cartoonist and engraver from South Carolina. He worked in Philadelphia and Newburyport, Massachusetts. Associates included President William Henry Harrison and Jacob Perkins. His works are held at the American Antiquarian Society, Library of Congress, U.S. National Portrait Gallery, and Winterthur Museum.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale S.p.A., formerly known as Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso S.p.A., is an Italian media conglomerate. Founded in 1955, it is based in Turin, Italy, and controlled by the Agnelli family through Exor. The company is known for publishing newspapers la Repubblica and La Stampa.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.