hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buchanan Township, Michigan
Buchanan Charter Township is a charter township of Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 3,436. The city of Buchanan is located in the southeast portion of the township.

Buchanan Charter Township is bounded by Oronoko Charter Township to the north, Berrien Township to the north and northeast, Niles Township to the east, Bertrand Township to the south and southeast, Galien Township to the southwest, Weesaw Township to the west, and Baroda Township to the northwest.

No major highways transit the township, although US 12 parallels the southern edge and US 31 passes just to the east.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
Sacrificial Lambz
Sacrificial Lambz is the eleventh solo studio album by American rapper and record producer Esham. It was released on August 26, 2008 through Reel Life Productions and Aknu Media.

Preceded by a lone single "World Hustle", the album marks the rapper's departure from Psychopathic Records and the first studio album since reviving Reel Life Productions. In the United States, the album debuted at number 42 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 21 on the Top Rap Albums and number 50 on the Heatseekers Albums charts.

Before the album's release, Esham launched his month-long Sacrificial Lambs 2008 Tour, in conjunction with Aknu Media and Cocaine Energy Drink, which would include fellow Detroit rapper Royce da 5'9". But due to his working schedules on his own Bar Exam 2 and Street Hop projects, Royce cancels his participation on the tour.

Psychopathic Records
Psychopathic Records is an American independent record label headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The label is most associated with the hip-hop music subgenres horrorcore and rap rock. The label was founded in 1991 by Alex Abbiss and hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The iconography of a man with a meat cleaver has been used for years as a symbol of the group, its fanbase, and its associates.

In addition to producing music, Psychopathic also produces merchandise, video, and professional wrestling. Psychopathic runs its own manufacturing and distribution operations for merchandise, with nearly 30 full-time employees. In 2009–2010, the label had about $10 million in annual revenue. The recording studio for the label was called The Lotus Pod.
MacroModel
MacroModel is a computer program for molecular modelling of organic compounds and biopolymers.  It features various chemistry force fields, plus energy minimizing algorithms, to predict geometry and relative conformational energies of molecules. MacroModel is maintained by Schrödinger, LLC.

It performs simulations in the framework of classical mechanics, also termed molecular mechanics, and can perform molecular dynamics simulations to model systems at finite temperatures using stochastic dynamics and mixed Monte Carlo algorithms. MacroModel supports Windows, Linux, macOS, Silicon Graphics (SGI) IRIX, and IBM AIX.

The Macromodel software package was first been described in the scientific literature in 1990, and has been subsequently acquired by Schrödinger, Inc. in 2000.

IRIX
IRIX (/ˈaɪrɪks/, EYE-ricks, a portmanteau of IRIS and UNIX) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's proprietary MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. In IRIX, SGI originated the XFS file system and the now industry-standard OpenGL graphics API.
G. J. Kinne
Gary Joe Kinne III (born December 1, 1988) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the head coach at Texas State University. He played as a quarterback and was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and the Tulsa Golden Hurricane.

Tulsa Golden Hurricane football
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane football program represents the University of Tulsa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level.  Tulsa has competed in the American Athletic Conference (The American) since the 2014 season and was previously a member of Conference USA (C-USA). The team is led by head coach Tre Lamb. Tulsa plays its home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  The University of Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of all schools that participate at the FBS level.
Miguel Mateos
Miguel Ángel Mateos Sorrentino (born January 26, 1954) is an Argentine rock singer-songwriter from Villa Pueyrredón, Argentina. Outside Argentina he is considered one of the most important exponents of Rock en Español, specially in the 1980s when he along with Charly Garcia, Soda Stereo, Enanitos Verdes, Virus, Sumo, Fabulosos Cadillacs, Rata Blanca, and many more bands became international stars in the so-called "Argentinian Invasion" ("La Ola Argentina") of rock music that swept Latin America and parts of North America and Europe. It helped popularize Spanish-language rock outside Argentina, and make the genre a commercially successful industry.

Sumo (band)
Sumo was a 1980s Argentine alternative rock band, heavily influenced by post-punk and reggae. Led by Italian-born Scottish Luca Prodan, it remained underground for most of its short activity but was extremely influential in shaping contemporary Argentine rock. Sumo is credited with introducing British post-punk to the Argentine scene, mostly by songs with lyrics in English, and with providing a visceral counterpoint to the progressive and nueva canción influences then dominant in the country's rock en español.
Baretta (surname)
Baretta is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Baretta (died 1539), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Capri

Bill Barretta (born 1964), American puppeteer and producer

John Baretta (born 1955), former Canadian soccer goalkeeper

Angelo Baretta
Angelo Baretta (died 1539) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Capri (1534–1539).

On 24 April 1534, Eusebio de Granito was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VII as Bishop of Capri. He served as Bishop of Capri until his death in 1539.
National Music Publishers' Association
The National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) is a trade association for the American music publishing industry. Founded in 1917, NMPA represents American music publishers and their songwriting partners. The NMPA’s mandate is to protect and advance the interests of music publishers and songwriters in matters relating to the domestic and global protection of music copyrights.

The NMPA has pursued litigation against organizations including Amway, YouTube, Kazaa, LimeWire, Roblox, FullScreen including Napster and more.

Kazaa
Kazaa Media Desktop (/kəˈzɑː/ ka-ZAH; once stylized as "KaZaA", but later usually written "Kazaa") was a peer-to-peer file sharing application using the FastTrack protocol licensed by Joltid Ltd. and operated as Kazaa by Sharman Networks. Kazaa was subsequently under license as a legal music subscription service by Atrinsic, Inc., which lasted until August 2012.

Kazaa Media Desktop was commonly used to exchange MP3 music files and other file types, such as videos, applications, and documents over the Internet. The Kazaa Media Desktop client could be downloaded free of charge; however, it was bundled with adware and for a period there were "No spyware" warnings found on Kazaa's website. During the years of Kazaa's operation, Sharman Networks and its business partners and associates were the target of copyright-related lawsuits, related to the content distributed via Kazaa Media Desktop on the FastTrack protocol.

By August 2012, the Kazaa website was no longer active.
Wisk'achani (Quillacollo)
Wisk'achani (Aymara wisk'acha a rodent,-ni a suffix, "the one with the viscacha", also spelled Viscachani) is a 3,611-metre-high (11,847 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Sipe Sipe Municipality. Wisk'achani lies northwest of Inka Laqaya.

Quillacollo Province
Quillacollo is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia.
It is known for its festival in August where people from all over Bolivia come and pay homage to the Virgin of Urqupiña (Virgen de Urqupiña). Quillacollo is said to be one of the fastest-growing cities in Bolivia.
Natalya Akilova
Natalya Akilova (born (1993-05-31)31 May 1993) is a Kazakhstani volleyball player. She is a member of the Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team and played for Zhetyssu in 2011. 
She was part of the Kazakhstani national team at the 2011 FIVB World Grand Prix in Italy. 2014 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2017 FIVB World Grand Prix, and 2018 Asian Games.

Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team
The Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team represents Kazakhstan in international volleyball competitions. The team qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics by ending up in fifth place at the Olympic Qualifier in Japan.
The Stone Guest (Dargomyzhsky)
The Stone Guest (Каменный гость in Cyrillic, Kamennyj gost'  in transliteration) is an opera in three acts by Alexander Dargomyzhsky from a libretto taken almost verbatim from Alexander Pushkin's 1830 play of the same name which had been written in blank verse and which forms part of his collection Little Tragedies.

It was first performed at the Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg, 16 February 1872 (Old Style).

According to the composer's wishes, the last few lines of tableau 1 were composed by César Cui, and the whole was orchestrated by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many years later, Rimsky-Korsakov revised his own orchestration of the opera, rewrote a few of Dargomyzhsky's own original passages, and added an orchestral prelude. This version, completed in 1903 and first performed in 1907 at the Bolshoi Theatre, is now considered the standard version.

Tamara Sinyavskaya
Tamara Ilyinichna Sinyavskaya (Russian: Тамара Ильинична Синявская; born 6 July 1943) is a Soviet and Russian mezzo-soprano from the Bolshoi Theatre.

She was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1982. In 1997, planet 4981 Sinyavskaya was named in her honor.

She was married to Soviet Azerbaijani singer Muslim Magomayev.
The Dhahan Prize
The Dhahan Prize is an annual prize awarded by Canada-India education society for excellence in Punjabi fiction. The prize is given to three books of fiction, written in either Gurmukhi or Shahmukhi script of Punjabi. The prize is named after Canadian Punjabi businessman, Barj Singh Dhahan.

Punjabi literature
Punjabi literature, specifically literary works written in the Punjabi language, is characteristic of the historical Punjab of present-day Pakistan and India and the Punjabi diaspora. The Punjabi language is written in several scripts, of which the Shahmukhi and Gurmukhī scripts are the most commonly used in Western Punjab and Eastern Punjab, respectively.
Freshwater cobbler
The freshwater cobbler (Tandanus bostocki) is a species of catfish (order Siluriformes) of the family Plotosidae. The freshwater cobbler originates from coastal drainages of southwestern Australia, from the Frankland River to the Moore River. The species may reach about 50 centimetres (20 in) total length.

The species has a dark brown to golden brown coloration which is lighter on the belly. It usually exhibits a mottled or spotted pattern. The species lives in slow-flowing streams, ponds and reservoirs. It also occurs in isolated pools in riverbeds and some freshwater lakes, swimming close to rocky, gravelly, or sandy bottoms. Underwater cavities in river banks and root mounds of sedge tussocks may be utilized for shelter. The species is tolerant of brackish conditions and has a venomous spine. It is a nest builder with a reproductive biology similar to that of the eel-tailed catfish.

Floating island
A floating island is a mass of floating aquatic plants, mud, and peat ranging in thickness from several centimeters to a few meters. Sometimes referred to as tussocks, floatons, or suds, floating islands are found in many parts of the world. They exist less commonly as an artificial island. Floating islands are generally found on marshlands, lakes, and similar wetland locations, and can be many hectares in size.
MAP6
Microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) or stable tubule-only polypeptide (STOP or STOP protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP6 gene.

This gene encodes a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). The encoded protein is a calmodulin binding, and calmodulin-regulated protein that is involved in microtubule stabilization.

MAP6 localization is present throughout neuronal maturation and axonal development. It protects microtubules under drug and cold induced depolymerization by reducing the shrinking rate and promoting rescue events. A deficit in MAP6 protein levels is characterized by behavioral impairments, most notably schizophrenia.

Calmodulin-binding proteins
Calmodulin-binding proteins are, as their name implies, proteins which bind calmodulin. Calmodulin can bind to a variety of proteins through a two-step binding mechanism, namely "conformational and mutually induced fit", where typically two domains of calmodulin wrap around an emerging helical calmodulin binding domain from the target protein.

Examples include:

Gap-43 protein (presynaptic)

Neurogranin (postsynaptic)

Caldesmon
Politics and Prose
Politics and Prose (sometimes stylized as Politics & Prose or abbreviated as P&P) is an independent bookstore whose main location is in Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C., on Connecticut Avenue.

They have two other locations in the DC area, one of which is in Union Market, which is near the NoMA-Gallaudet Metro station, and the other location is at the Wharf, which is near the Waterfront Metro Station.

It was founded in 1984 by Carla Cohen and Barbara Meade. They expanded it fivefold to its present size. After a failed sale attempt in 2005, they sold it to Bradley Graham and Lissa Muscatine in 2011.

Its author events attract famous speakers, such as Bill Clinton and J.K. Rowling.

Connecticut Avenue
Connecticut Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., and suburban Montgomery County, Maryland. It is one of the diagonal avenues radiating from the White House. The segment south of Florida Avenue was one of the original streets in the 1791 L'Enfant Plan for the new capital city. The five-mile segment north of Rock Creek was built in the 1890s by a real-estate developer.
Michael John Hurdzan
Michael John Hurdzan (born September 11, 1943) is an American golf course architect, author, and a retired United States Army colonel, who served with the United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets). He is a member and past president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects (ASGCA), who is noted for designing and renovating many golf courses and clubs, including U.S. Open golf courses.

Hurdzan is a recipient of the Old Tom Morris Award, the Donald Ross Award and the Don A. Rossi Award, the "triple crown" of his profession and an honor he shares only with Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Byron Nelson, Robert Trent Jones Sr., Rees Jones and, as of 2015, Pete Dye.

Golf Digest
Golf Digest is a monthly golf magazine published by Warner Bros. Discovery through its TNT Sports unit. It is a generalist golf publication covering recreational golf and men's and women's competitive golf. The magazine was co-founded by William H. Davis, Howard Gill, and John F. Barnett in Chicago in 1950, moved to Connecticut in 1964 and was sold to The New York Times Company in 1969. The Times company sold their magazine division to Condé Nast in 2001. The headquarters of Golf Digest is in New York City, relocated from Connecticut. On May 13, 2019, Discovery, Inc. acquired Golf Digest from Condé Nast to integrate with GolfTV.
Moses Appaqaq
Moses Appaqaq Jr. (born April 2, 1946) is a soapstone carver, former retail clerk, and former territorial-level politician from Sanikiluaq, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut).

Appaqaq ran for a seat in the 1979 Northwest Territories general election, he won the Hudson Bay electoral district and his first term in office. Appaqaq ran for a second term in the 1983 Northwest Territories general election. In that election he defeated six other candidates. Appaqaq was defeated running for a third term in office by Charlie Crow in the 1987 Northwest Territories general election.

After politics he became a director on the board of Qikittaluk Corporation.

Appaqaq attempted a return to politics running in the Hudson Bay electoral district in the 1999 Nunavut general election. He was defeated by Peter Kattuk. Kattuk and Appaqaq faced each other again in the 2004 Nunavut general election; he was defeated for the second time in a row.

2004 Nunavut general election
The 2004 Nunavut general election was held on February 16, 2004, to elect the 19 members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Nunavut.

Premier Paul Okalik asked for the five-year-old territory's first parliament to be dissolved on January 16.

The territory operates on a consensus government system with no political parties; the premier is subsequently chosen by and from the MLAs. There were 11,285 registered voters at the time of the election call.
Joseph Valois
Joseph Valois (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf valwa]; 1767 – January 3, 1835) was a businessman, farmer and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Montréal in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1820 to 1834.

He was born in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, the son of Jean Valois and Marie-Josèphe Dubois. In 1790, he married Catherine Leduc Saint-Omer. Valois generally supported the Parti patriote and voted in support of the Ninety-Two Resolutions. He died in Montreal at the age of 67.

His nephew Michel-François Valois later served in the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada.

Michel-François Valois
Michel-François Valois (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fʁɑ̃swa valwa]; August 20, 1801 – May 24, 1869) was a physician and political figure in Canada East.

He was born in Pointe-Claire in 1801 and studied at the Collège de Montréal. He was licensed to practise medicine in 1826 and set up practice in Pointe-Claire. Valois became a school trustee in 1830. He helped organize in a major rally against the British authorities held at Saint-Laurent in May 1837. Valois was captured and put in prison at Montreal; he spent some time in the United States and then returned. In 1851, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Montreal county as a member of the Parti rouge. In 1854, Valois was elected again in Jacques-Cartier (formerly Montreal county).

He died in Pointe-Claire in 1869.
Seleucia Pieria
Seleucia in Pieria (Greek Σελεύκεια ἐν Πιερίᾳ), also known in English as Seleucia by the Sea, and later named Suedia, was a Hellenistic town, the seaport of Antioch ad Orontes (Syria Prima), the Seleucid capital, modern Antakya (Turkey). The city was built slightly to the north of the estuary of the river Orontes, between small rivers on the western slopes of the Coryphaeus, one of the southern summits of the Amanus Mountains.

According to Pausanias and Malalas, there was a previous city here named Palaeopolis ("Old City"). At present, it is located at the seaside village of Çevlik
near the town of Samandağ in the Hatay Province of Turkey.  Seleucia, Apamea, Laodicea, and Antioch formed the Syrian tetrapolis.

Syria Prima
Syria Prima or Syria I ("First Syria", in Greek: Πρώτη Συρία, Prṓtē Suríā) was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Syria Coele. The province survived until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s.
Potassium feldspar
Potassium feldspar refers to a number of minerals in the feldspar group that contain large amounts of potassium in the crystal lattice.

Orthoclase (endmember formula KAlSi3O8), an important tectosilicate mineral that forms igneous rock

Microcline, chemically the same as orthoclase, but with a different crystalline structure

Sanidine, the high-temperature form of potassium feldspar (K,Na)(Si,Al)4O8

Adularia, a more ordered low-temperature variety of orthoclase or partially disordered microcline

Amazonite (sometimes called "Amazon stone"), a green variety of microcline

Endmember
An endmember (also end-member or end member) in mineralogy is a mineral that is at the extreme end of a mineral series in terms of purity of its chemical composition. Minerals often can be described as solid solutions with varying compositions of some chemical elements, rather than as substances with an exact chemical formula. There may be two or more endmembers in a  group or series of minerals.

For example, forsterite  (Mg2SiO4) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) are the two end-members of the olivine solid-solution series, varying in Mg2+ and Fe2+ in their chemical composition. So, the chemical formula of olivine can be better expressed as Mg(2−x)FexSiO4 or MgxFe(2−x)SiO4.

As another example, the tectosilicate feldspar can be described as a solid solution of the endmembers K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8), albite (NaAlSi3O8) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8). A specific feldspar can have varying quantities of potassium (K), sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca).
Acephali
In church history, the term acephali (from Koine Greek: ἀκέφαλοι aképhaloi, 'headless', singular ἀκέφαλος aképhalos from ἀ- a-, 'without', and κεφαλή kephalé, 'head') has been applied to several sects that supposedly had no leader. E. Cobham Brewer wrote, in Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, that acephalites, "properly means men without a head." Jean Cooper wrote, in Dictionary of Christianity, that it characterizes "various schismatical Christian bodies". Among them were Nestorians who rejected the Council of Ephesus’ condemnation of Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople, which deposed Nestorius and declared him a heretic.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.