hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John J. Esch
John Jacob Esch (March 20, 1861 – April 27, 1941) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from La Crosse, Wisconsin.  He served 22 years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 7th congressional district from 1899 to 1921.  He was a member of the federal Interstate Commerce Commission from 1921 to 1927. In 1928, President Calvin Coolidge granted him a recess appointment pending his confirmation to a second term; however, the Senate blocked the nomination and the recess appointment expired when Congress adjourned in May.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
Celina High School (Texas)
Celina High School is a public high school located in Celina, Texas, United States. It is part of the Celina Independent School District located in northwestern Collin County and classified as a 4A school by the UIL. In 2022, the school received an overall accountability rating of 'A' from the Texas Education Agency.

Collin County, Texas
Collin County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan statistical area, and a small portion of the city of Dallas is in the county. At the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,064,465, making it Texas's sixth-most populous county and the 43rd-largest county by population in the United States. Its county seat is McKinney.
Myron Henry Feeley
Myron Henry Feeley (February 18, 1885 – August 22, 1976) was an American-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Canora from 1938 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Belvidere, Illinois, the son of James C. Feeley and Florence Avery, and was educated in Mason City, Iowa. Feeley came to Canada in 1903, settling on a homestead near Preeceville, Saskatchewan. He served on the local committee of the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool and on the local school board. In 1921, Feeley married Norma Buchecker. He married Mary "Moll" Tremback in 1936 after his first wife died of meningitis.

Canora (provincial electoral district)
Canora is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, centered on the town of Canora. This constituency was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908. Dissolved in 1934, the district was reconstituted before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938.

It is now part of the constituency of Canora-Pelly.
2009–10 KNVB Cup
The 2009–10 KNVB Cup was the 92nd edition of the Dutch national football knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 88 teams contested beginning on 29 August 2009 with the matches of Round 1 and culminated with a double-leg final on 25 April and 6 May 2010.

SC Heerenveen unsuccessfully defended its 2009 title, losing in Round 4 to PSV.

On 15 April, the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) announced that the final was to be played over two legs due to anticipated violence between supporters of participants Ajax and Feyenoord in a rivalry known as the Klassieker. The first leg of the final was staged in Amsterdam on April 25, with winning 2–0. The return followed on 6 May in Rotterdam, with Ajax winning 4–1, therefore 6–1 on aggregate. Ajax qualified for the play-off round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League.

SC Heerenveen
Sportclub Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɔrtklʏp ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn]; West Frisian: Sportklub It Hearrenfean) is a Dutch professional football club from Heerenveen. They currently play in the Eredivisie, the top level of football in the Netherlands. The club is known for its Frisian identity.
Caversham Court
Caversham Court is a public garden and was a mansion located on the north bank of the River Thames in Caversham, a suburb of Reading in the English county of Berkshire (formerly in Oxfordshire). The park lies within the St Peter's conservation area. The park is listed as Grade II in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Caversham Court gardens forms part of a series of riverside open spaces, managed by Reading Borough Council, that stretch along one or other side of the River Thames throughout its passage through Reading. From west to east these are Thameside Promenade, Caversham Court, Christchurch Meadows, Hills Meadow, View Island and King's Meadow.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
Henry Fry (politician)
Henry Fry (January 29, 1826 – April 16, 1892) was an English-born merchant, miner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cowichan in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1887 to 1890.

He was born in Barnstaple, Devon and was educated there. Fry entered his father's business and later pursued business in other parts of England. In 1855, he moved to Hamilton, Province of Canada establishing himself in business there. Fry sold his business in Hamilton in 1860 and returned to England. In 1862, he came to Victoria and then went to Cariboo where he was involved in mining. From 1864 to 1869, he operated a business in Victoria. He then purchased a farm in the Cowichan Valley. After being an unsuccessful candidate in the 1871 provincial election, Fry was elected to the assembly in an 1887 by-election held following the death of William Smithe. He did not seek a second term in the 1890 provincial election. He died in the Victoria District at the age of 66.

Cowichan Valley
The Cowichan Valley is a region around the Cowichan River, Cowichan Bay and Cowichan Lake on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. There is some debate as to the origin of the name Cowichan, which many  believe to be an anglicized form of the First Nations tribal name Quw'utsun.
Edmund Saulez
Edmund Harrison Saulez (23 February 1867 – 19 November 1948) was an Irish first-class cricketer and British Indian Army officer.

Saulez was born at Seapoint near Dublin. He later attended Queen's College, Oxford. After graduating from Queen's College, he joined the British Army as a second lieutenant in the Suffolk Regiment. He was gazetted lieutenant in April 1890. 
In August and September 1894, he featured in two first-class cricket matches for the Europeans against the Parsees at Bombay and Poona. He later gained the rank of captain in November 1898, followed by promotion to major in December 1905. He retired from the British Indian Army in 1912. He spent his final years living in Havant, Hampshire where he died in November 1948.

Seapoint
Seapoint (Irish: Rinn na Mara) is a small seafront area between Blackrock and Monkstown in  Dublin in the Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown area. It is best known for its beach and bathing areas, beside a Martello Tower on the Dublin Bay seashore. The beach currently has an International Blue flag award and a national Green flag award.

The Martello Tower is now the headquarters of the Genealogical Society of Ireland.

The route linking Dún Laoghaire harbour to the N11 National primary route has itself been designated a National primary route, the N31. Part of the route includes Seapoint Avenue, and the Seapoint area is located on the strip of land, which includes the railway line, between the road and the sea.
Calais (Reuters product)
Calais is a service created by Thomson Reuters that automatically extracts semantic information from web pages in a format that can be used on the semantic web. Calais was launched in January 2008, and is free to use. The technology is now available via the website of Refinitiv, a provider of financial market data and infrastructure founded in 2018, that is a subsidiary of London Stock Exchange Group.

The Calais Web service reads unstructured text and returns Resource Description Framework formatted results identifying entities, facts and events within the text. The service appears to be based on technology acquired when Reuters purchased ClearForest in 2007.

The technology has also been used to automatically tag blog articles, and organize museum collections.

Calais uses natural language processing technologies delivered via a web service interface.

London Stock Exchange Group
London Stock Exchange Group plc (LSEG) is a global provider of financial markets data and infrastructure headquartered in London, England. It owns the London Stock Exchange (on which it is also listed), Refinitiv, LSEG Technology, FTSE Russell, and majority stakes in LCH and Tradeweb.
P&M Mall
P&M Mall is the first mall of Patna, the capital city of the eastern Indian state Bihar. It was opened in April 2011. Film director Prakash Jha & Manmohan Shetty are promoters of the mall. Manish K Jha is marketing director of Mall. This mall houses world-class retailing spaces which includes hyper market, departmental store, Multiplex, Entertainment Zone, Food court, restaurants, Gym, hotel, Conference & Banquet facilities Banquet Hall-Grand Ball Room can take up to 700 pax, conference Halls – Nalanda, Mitihla, Takshila and Vaishali, retail shops, elevator, and escalator. The mall is located at Patliputra colony in Patna, Bihar. In 2016, it was awarded the "Most Admired Shopping Centre of the Year: East" by IMGES.

Hypermarket
A hypermarket or superstore is a big-box store combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full grocery lines and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip. The term hypermarket (French: hypermarché) was coined in 1968 by the French trade expert Jacques Pictet.

Hypermarkets, like other big-box stores, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low-margin sales. Typically covering an area of 5,000 to 15,000 square metres (54,000 to 161,000 sq ft), they generally have more than 200,000 different brands of merchandise available at any one time. Because of their large footprints, many hypermarkets choose suburban or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.
Gabriel Mudaeus
Gabriel Mudaeus (c. 1500, Brecht – 21 April 1560, Leuven), born Gabriël van der Muyden, was a Flemish jurist and humanist who revived the study of law in the Habsburg Netherlands.

As a professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Louvain, Mudaeus introduced the Erasmian method of research into a field that had been dominated exclusively by tradition; among his pupils were François Baudouin, Jacob Reyvaert (Raevardus), and Matthew Wesenbeck.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Pradeep Dubey
Pradeep Dubey (born 9 January 1951) is an Indian game theorist. He is a Professor of Economics at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, and a member of the Stony Brook Center for Game Theory. He also holds a visiting position at Cowles Foundation, Yale University. He did his schooling at the St. Columba's School, Delhi. He received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Cornell University and B.Sc. (with honors in physics) from the University of Delhi. His research areas of interest are game theory and mathematical economics. He has published, among others, in Econometrica, Games and Economic Behavior, Journal of Economic Theory, and Quarterly Journal of Economics. He is a Fellow  of The Econometric Society, ACM Fellow and a member of the council of the Game Theory Society.

Econometrica
Econometrica is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics, publishing articles in many areas of economics, especially econometrics. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Econometric Society. The current editor-in-chief is Marina Halac.
Ronald Stedman
Ronald Edwin Stedman (3 June 1927 – 16 October 2022) was a British swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He won the 1948 and 1949 ASA National Championship 100 metres freestyle title.

Stedman died on 16 October 2022, at the age of 95.

British swimming champions – 100 metres freestyle winners
The British swimming champions over 100 metres freestyle, formerly the (Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) National Championships) are listed below.

The event was originally contested over 110 yards and then switched to the metric conversion of 100 metres in 1971. In 1963 Bob McGregor of Scotland set a world record in the heats (54.4 sec) and the final (54.1 sec). In 1975 and 1984 there was a dead-heat in the women's final.

The most successful male and female competitors in the history of the event are Bob McGregor with six titles between 1962 and 1968, and Karen Pickering with seven. Fran Halsall has won the most consecutive titles, six from 2009 to 2014. The current champions (2025) are Matt Richards (his second) and Freya Anderson (her fifth).
2007 Euro-Asia Masters Challenge
The 2007 Euro-Asia Masters Challenge was a professional non-ranking team (also referred to as the Euro–Asia Team Challenge) and invitational snooker event that took place from 12 to 15 July 2007 at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Wan Chai, Hong Kong.

The tournament was a revival of the two Euro-Asia Masters Challenge events played under the same name in 2003. The tournament's team event consists of two teams of four, the European team and the Asian team, playing in a single-frame, best-of-nine competition, with Team Europe defeating Team Asia with a score of 5–3. The tournament's singles event featured eight players in two groups of four, with the top two in each group progressing to semi-finals. John Higgins defeated James Wattana 5–4 in the final to win the £25,000 prize.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
Grotów, Żary County
Grotów [ˈɡrɔtuf] (Upper Sorbian: Kłokowy końčk; Lower Sorbian: Šypkowy kóńc) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

Żary County
Żary County (Polish: powiat żarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żary, which lies 43 km (27 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra and 123 km (76 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The county contains three other towns: Lubsko, lying 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Żary, Jasień, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Żary, and Łęknica, 30 km (19 mi) west of Żary.

The county covers an area of 1,393.49 square kilometres (538.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 96,496, out of which the population of Żary is 37,502, that of Lubsko is 13,921, that of Jasień is 4,309, that of Łęknica is 2,478, and the rural population is 38,286.
Ariake, Kagoshima
Ariake (有明町, Ariake-chō) was a town located in Soo District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,986 and a density of 122.24 persons per km2. The total area was 98.05 km2.

On January 1, 2006, Ariake, along with the towns of Shibushi (former) and Matsuyama (all from Soo District), was merged to create the city of Shibushi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Analog Rebellion
Analog Rebellion (formerly PlayRadioPlay!) is the solo, independent music project of Aledo, Texas songwriter Daniel Hunter. Hunter's solo career was started under the name PlayRadioPlay! in December 2005. Hunter changed the name to Analog Rebellion in September 2009, stating in his blog "I have come to the point where I no longer feel that the name PlayRadioPlay! represents the music I create".

Hunter writes, records and performs all of his own music, and refers to his sound as "stadium lo-fi", an oxymoronic synthesis of the low fidelity genre and stadium rock genre. Hunter's most recent music has been compared to The Paper Chase, Pixies and Secret Machines. In April 2010, Dallas Observer called Hunter "the most promising 20-year-old musician from DFW since Palomo".

Secret Machines
Secret Machines are an American alternative rock band, originally from Dallas, Texas, before moving to New York City. The original lineup consisted of two brothers, Brandon (vocals, bass guitar and keyboards) and Benjamin Curtis (guitar and backing vocals), and Josh Garza (drums). Benjamin left the band in March 2007 to focus on his work with School of Seven Bells, and was replaced on guitar by Phil Karnats. The re-activated band is a two-piece, with the remaining members being Brandon Curtis and Josh Garza.
Ioan Gheorghiu
Ioan Gheorghiu (born March 5, 1947) is a former Romanian ice hockey player. He played for the Romania men's national ice hockey team at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, and the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Romania men's national ice hockey team
The Romanian men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey of Romania, and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. They are currently ranked 27th in the 2019 IIHF World Rankings and currently compete in Division IA. They have competed in four Olympic ice hockey competitions, the most recent being in 1980.
Let Go of the Stone
"Let Go of the Stone" is a song written by Max D. Barnes and Max T. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist John Anderson.  It was released in November 1992 as the fifth single from his album Seminole Wind.  The song reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1993.

John Anderson (singer)
John David Anderson (born December 13, 1954) is an American country singer. Starting in 1977 with the release of his first single, "I've Got a Feelin' (Somebody's Been Stealin')", Anderson has charted more than 40 singles on the Billboard country music charts, including five number ones: "Wild and Blue", "Swingin'", "Black Sheep", "Straight Tequila Night", and "Money in the Bank". He has also recorded 22 studio albums on several labels. His latest album, Years, was released on April 10, 2020, on the Easy Eye Sound label and was produced by Nashville veteran producer David Ferguson and Dan Auerbach of the Black Keys.

Anderson was inducted to the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame on October 5, 2014. He was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame 10 years later.
Mikheil Vashakidze
Mikheil Alexandres dze Vashakidze (Georgian: მიხეილ ვაშაკიძე; August 15, 1909 – November 27, 1956) was a Soviet astronomer, who worked in the Abastumani astrophysical observatory (Georgia) from 1936 to 1956. He and Victor Alekseyevich Dombrovsky (Виктор Алексеевич Домбровский) (September 30, 1913 – February 1, 1972) both discovered independently the polarized nature of radiation from the Crab Nebula in 1952 and 1953, which was caused by synchrotron radiation.

Vashakidze also created a new method for learning the distribution of the stars in space, which is now known as the Vashakidze–Oort method. He was awarded the "Order of Honour".

The crater Vashakidze on the Moon is named after him.

Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory
Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory  (GENAO) was founded in 1932 by Academician Evgeni Kharadze on Mount Kanobili, near the Abastumani resort in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of southeastern Georgia. The altitude of Mt. Kanobili varies between 1650 and 1700 m above sea level. 
The observatory is located ~250 km from Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. Its distance from air pollution and artificial sky illumination, together with excellent natural conditions (a hilly landscape covered with coniferous forest) make this location one of the best for observatories at the same altitude range. The weather is stable, without harsh and sudden changes.

The observatory carries out wide-profile research spanning different fields of astronomy and astrophysics and investigations of the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere.