hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Immaculate Conception with Saints (Piero di Cosimo)
The Immaculate Conception with Saints (also known as The Incarnation of Jesus) is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, executed between 1485 and 1505. It is housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence, Italy.

The painting  was executed for the Tebaldi Chapel in the church of the Annunziata of Florence, and was acquired by Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici  in 1670. It was moved to the Uffizi in 1804.

The work shows the Virgin in a central and illuminated position, with a dove hovering above her head. She is flanked by the Saints John the Evangelist, Philip Benizi, Catherine (kneeling on the left), Margaret (kneeling on the right), Antoninus and Peter. In the background is a typical Piero's landscape, with two hills characterized by rock with human and beast appearance, where the other scenes of the Adoration of the Magi, the Annunciation to the Shepherds on the left and the Flight to Egypt on the right are depicted.

Santissima Annunziata, Florence
The Basilica della Santissima Annunziata (Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation) is a Renaissance-style, Catholic minor basilica in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. This is considered the mother church of the Servite Order. It is located at the northeastern side of the Piazza Santissima Annunziata near the city center.
Museum of Perth
The Museum of Perth is a private, non-profit museum involved with chronicling the social, cultural, political and architectural history of Perth. The museum is currently, as of 2024, located in a former telephone exchange building on Murray Street, in Perth, Western Australia.

In 2016 the museum was housed in the Atlas Building, on the Esplanade. In 2024 it moved to the Bon Marché Arcade building, in Barrack Street.

City of Perth
The City of Perth is a local government area and body, within the Perth metropolitan area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government is commonly known as Perth City Council. The City covers the Perth city centre and surrounding suburbs. The City covers an area of 20.01 square kilometres (8 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 21,092 as at 30 June 2015. On 1 July 2016 the City expanded, absorbing 1,247 residents from the City of Subiaco.
Makushino, Kurgan Oblast
Makushino (Russian: Маку́шино) is a town and the administrative center of Makushinsky District in Kurgan Oblast, Russia, located 181 kilometers (112 mi) east of Kurgan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  8,338 (2010 Census); 9,942 (2002 Census); 10,535 (1989 Soviet census).

Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Zona Gale
Zona Gale (August 26, 1874 – December 27, 1938), also known by her married name, Zona Gale Breese, was an American novelist, short story writer, and playwright. She became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. The close relationship she had with her parents influenced both her writing and personal life. Her books, based on her hometown, were noted for their charm and intimate realism, capturing the underlying emotions and motivations of her characters. All of her works were published under her maiden name, Zona Gale.

She became a single parent after adopting a girl. Her parents died in 1923 and 1929, after which she became interested in mysticism, leading to a shift in her writing style, much to the dismay of critics who had enjoyed her earlier work. She remained unmarried until her fifties, when she married a childhood friend who was a widower. She supported various political and social causes, including women's rights, pacifism, and education.

The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa
The Mission Inn, now known as The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, is a historic landmark hotel in downtown Riverside, California. Although a composite of many architectural styles, it is generally considered the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States. Mission Inn Hotel & Spa is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The owners are Duane and Kelly Roberts. The latter serves as vice chairman and chief operating officer.
International Year of Indigenous Languages
The International Year of Indigenous Languages was a United Nations observance in 2019 that aimed to raise awareness of the consequences of the endangerment of Indigenous languages across the world, with an aim to establish a link between language, development, peace, and reconciliation.

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of palm oil from the fruit of Elaeis guineensis (oil palms), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats.

Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4). Major sources of C16:0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat.

Dietary palmitic acid intake is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk through raising low-density lipoprotein.

IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature is a set of recommendations for naming chemical compounds and for describing chemistry and biochemistry in general. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the international authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology.
Polikúshka (novella)
Polikúshka: The Lot of a Wicked Court Servant ("Поликушка") is a novella by Leo Tolstoy written in 1860 and first published in 1863.  According to Tolstoy's translator Aylmer Maude, it is the story of a serf who loses some money that belongs to his mistress before hanging himself.

Aylmer and Louise Maude
Aylmer Maude (28 March 1858 – 25 August 1938) and Louise Maude (1855–1939) were English translators of Leo Tolstoy's works, and Aylmer Maude also wrote his friend Tolstoy's biography, The Life of Tolstoy. After living many years in Russia the Maudes spent the rest of their lives in England translating Tolstoy's writing and promoting public interest in his work. Aylmer Maude was also involved in a number of early 20th century progressive and idealistic causes.
Victoria Mercanton
Victoria Mercanton, or Victoria Spiri-Mercanton (1911–2007), was a French film editor and director, born Viktoria Aleksandrovna Pozner (Russian: Виктория Александровна Познер) on 25 January [O.S. 12 January] 1911, in Saint Petersburg, Russia, active from the 1930s to 1970s.

Known as Toto, she was a frequent collaborator on the films of Roger Vadim since his directorial debut in 1956 with And God Created Woman.

After surviving a couple of disastrous fires of  nitrate film in the editing suite - including one which claimed the life of a director sitting next to her — Mercanton successfully lobbied the government to legislate that the French film industry switch to safety film by the mid-1950s. She flippantly explained to Vadim, "You understand, I wanted to be able to smoke my Gauloises while working."

Film base
A film base is the structural layer of photographic film which acts as a support medium for the film's light-sensitive layers of photographic emulsion. Despite the numerous layers and coatings associated with the emulsion layer, the base generally accounts for the vast majority of the thickness of any given film stock. Since the late 19th century, there have been three major types of film base in use: cellulose nitrate (until about 1951), cellulose acetate, and polyester.
Demonic (album)
Demonic is the seventh studio album by American thrash metal band Testament. Released in 1997 with original members Chuck Billy (vocals) and Eric Peterson (guitar), the record also features artists Derrick Ramirez (bass), Gene Hoglan (drums) and Glen Alvelais (guitar). Ramirez was previously the band's first guitarist (although here he is performing on bass guitar), and Alvelais had previously performed with Testament on the 1993 live album, Return to the Apocalyptic City. Demonic was also Testament's only album with Hoglan for 15 years, until he rejoined and performed on the album Dark Roots of Earth (2012).

Musically and lyrically, this album is very different from anything Testament had released before, marking a deviation from previous albums to a much darker death metal sound mirroring the album's exorcism theme. Songs like "John Doe" and "Hatred's Rise" stand out in reviews as examples noting the overall heavier change.

Return to the Apocalyptic City
Return to the Apocalyptic City is a live EP by American thrash metal band Testament, released in 1993. All tracks were recorded at the Hollywood Palladium, except for the last two; "Reign of Terror" was recorded during The New Order sessions in 1987–1988, but did not appear on that album; it did, however, surface as a B-side to the album's sole single "Trial by Fire". The closing track, "Return to Serenity", is a single edited version of the song, which appears on The Ritual.
Lúnasa (album)
Lúnasa is an album by Lúnasa that was released twice, first in 1998 on their own label, and again in 2001 on Compass Records. It was the band's first major release. The piping on the album was done by John McSherry, as Cillian Vallely was not part of the group at the time.

The first release of the album contained eleven tracks, named for the months in the Irish calendar. 'Lúnasa', the word for August, was omitted.
A twelfth track was added for the re-release.

Wayne Sheehy of Hothouse Flowers is a fan of the album, once commenting that he "loves" it.

Compass Records
Compass Records is an American independent record label founded in 1995 by musicians Garry West and Alison Brown that specializes in folk, bluegrass, Celtic, jazz, and acoustic music.

In 2006, Compass purchased the Green Linnet and Xenophile catalogs, and in 2008 the label purchased Mulligan Records. Red House Records, an independent folk and Americana record label founded in 1983 in St. Paul, Minnesota, was purchased by the Compass Records Group in 2017.
William Richard Johnson
William Richard Johnson (May 15, 1875 – January 2, 1938) was a U.S. representative from Illinois.

Born in Rock Island, Illinois, Johnson moved with his parents to Freeport, Illinois, in 1879.
He attended the public schools and the College of Commerce at Freeport.
He served from 1890 to 1894 as an apprentice and from 1894 to 1899 as a locomotive blacksmith in the Illinois Central Railroad shops at Freeport.
He served as member of the United States Capitol Police 1901-1919.
He was appointed superintendent of the folding room of the House of Representatives on June 18, 1919, and served until March 3, 1925, when he resigned.

Johnson was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1933).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932.
He returned to Freeport, Illinois, where he died of congestive heart failure on January 2, 1938. 
He was interred in Oakland Cemetery.

Rock Island, Illinois
Rock Island is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 37,108 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi rivers, it is one of the Quad Cities along with neighboring Moline and East Moline in Illinois and the cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 in 2020.

The city is home to Rock Island Arsenal, the largest government-owned weapons manufacturing arsenal in the United States, which employs 6,000 people. The original Rock Island, from which the city name is derived, is now called Arsenal Island.
Andrew Lee (entrepreneur)
Andrew S. Lee (born December 1983) is an American entrepreneur and the founder of the VPN service Private Internet Access, which started in 2010. Lee has been the self-proclaimed King of the non-territorial Joseon Cybernation, recognized by Antigua and Barbuda as the successor state to Joseon and the Korean Empire in 2023,, and he is, in media, known as "Crown Prince of Korea" after being adopted by Yi Seok, a grandson of Emperor Gojong of Korea.

Korean Empire
The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire lasted until the Japanese annexation of Korea in August 1910.

During this period, Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries. In 1905, the Korean Empire became a protectorate of the Empire of Japan. After the Japanese annexation in 1910, the Korean Empire ceased to exist.
Arctite
Arctite (Na2Ca4(PO4)3F) is a colourless mineral found in the Kola Peninsula northern Russia. Its IMA symbol is Arc. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 and has a specific gravity of 3.13. Arctite is transparent with a vitreous lustre. Arctite has a perfect cleavage and a trigonal crystal system. It is also a naturally occurring antiperovskite.

Common associates of arctite include aegirine, natisite, lomonosovite, umbite and thenardite.

Thénardite
Thénardite is an anhydrous sodium sulfate mineral, Na2SO4 which occurs in arid evaporite environments, specifically lakes and playas. It also occurs in dry caves and old mine workings as an efflorescence and as a crusty sublimate deposit around fumaroles. It occurs in volcanic caves on Mount Etna, Italy. It was first described in 1825 for an occurrence in the Espartinas Saltworks in Ciempozuelos, Spain, by the Spanish chemist José Luis Casaseca (1800 - 1869). Casaseca named the mineral after his master, the French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard (1777–1857).

Thénardite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and often forms yellowish, reddish to gray white prismatic crystals although usually in massive crust deposits. Thénardite is fluorescent, white in shortwave and yellow-green in longwave UV radiation.

In humid conditions, thénardite progressively absorbs water and converts to the deca-hydrated mineral mirabilite, Na2SO4 · 10 H2O.
Soltsy
Soltsy (Russian: Сольцы́) is a town and the administrative center of Soletsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Shelon River, 78 kilometers (48 mi) southwest of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  10,086 (2010 Census); 11,264 (2002 Census); 11,782 (1989 Soviet census).

Pskov
Pskov (Russian: Псков, IPA: [ˈpskof] ⓘ; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 193,082 (2021 census); 203,279 (2010 census); 202,780 (2002 census); 203,789 (1989 Soviet census).

Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. During the Middle Ages, it served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League before it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became an important border fortress in the Tsardom of Russia.
Mahamat (surname)
Mahamat is a Chadian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Azrack Mahamat (born 1988), French-born Chadian footballer

Bachir Mahamat (born 1996), Chadian sprinter

Brahim Mahamat (born 1995), Chadian footballer

Dadji Rahamata Ahmat Mahamat, Chadian feminist activist

Djamal Mahamat (born 1983), Libyan footballer

Ngouloure Mahamat (born 1990), Cameroonian footballer

Nouh Doungous Mahamat (born 1982), former Chadian football player

Dadji Rahamata Ahmat Mahamat
Dadji Rahamata Ahmat Mahamat is a Chadian  feminist activist. She is the office manager of CAMOJET, the Collectif des Associations et Mouvements de Jeunes du Tchad (Collective of Young People's Movements and Associations in Chad).
Drive 'N Drag
Drive 'N Drag was a series of drag shows in 2020 and 2021 that featured drag performers from the American television series RuPaul's Drag Race. Its shows were held at outdoor drive-in venues.

The first leg of the tour started on July 17, 2020, and ended on August 2, 2020. Featured on the lineup were Aquaria, Asia O'Hara, Acid Betty, Gigi Goode, Monét X Change, Kameron Michaels, Kim Chi, Naomi Smalls, Plastique Tiara, Vanessa Vanjie Mateo, Violet Chachki, and Yvie Oddly.

The spring 2021 tour started in San Francisco on May 7 and ended in New York City on June 27. The 2021 cast included Aquaria, Bianca Del Rio, Kameron Michaels, Naomi Smalls, Plastique Tiara, and Violet Chachki. Later added were Season 13's Gottmik and Rosé.

Acid Betty
Jamin Ruhren (born December 10, 1977), better known by the stage name Acid Betty, is an American drag queen, performer, actor and singer. He rose to national prominence after competing on the eighth season of RuPaul's Drag Race in 2016 and the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars in 2025.
Rod Odom
Roderick Wesley Odom (born September 23, 1991) is an American professional basketball player from Central Islip, New York for Keravnos of the Cyprus Basketball Division 1. He attended Vanderbilt University. Odom is a 6'9, 215 pound combo forward.

Keravnos B.C.
Keravnos B.C. (Greek: Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Στροβόλου «Ο Κεραυνός»), also known as Keravnos Strovolou, is a professional basketball club based in Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus. It plays its home games in the Costas Papaellinas Arena, which has a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

The club’s president since 1996 is businessman Paris C. Papaellinas, who has also been the main sponsor of the club for the last 20 years.
Papuan Peninsula
The Papuan Peninsula, also known as the Bird's Tail Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Papua New Guinea, southeast of the city of Lae, that makes up the southeastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The peninsula is the easternmost extent of the New Guinea Highlands and consists largely of the Owen Stanley Range, with peaks such as Mount Victoria (4,038 m) and Mount Suckling (3,676 m). On the south coast is Port Moresby, the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea.

The island of New Guinea is often visualized as being in the shape of a bird, with the Bird's Head Peninsula being at the northwest end of the island, and the Bird's Tail Peninsula at the southeast end. For example, American soldiers in WWII visualized it specifically as a turkey, and referenced the anatomy of the bird as a shorthand for explaining where various actions and deployments occurred on the island.

The island has also been visualised as a lizard.

Mount Victoria (Papua New Guinea)
Mount Victoria is the highest point in the Owen Stanley Ranges in Central Province, Papua New Guinea at 4,038 metres (13,248 ft). It lies approximately 75 km north-north-east of Port Moresby and can be seen on a clear day from the city. The Mountain was named in honour of the British Queen Victoria by Commander Charles B Yule.
Palazzolo (surname)
Palazzolo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jack Palazzolo, Australian association football player

Jim Palazzolo, American football coach

Luigi Maria Palazzolo (1827–1886), Italian Roman Catholic priest

Tom Palazzolo (born 1937), American filmmaker, photographer and artist

Vito Roberto Palazzolo (born 1947), Italian businessman

Luigi Maria Palazzolo
Luigi Maria Palazzolo (10 December 1827 – 15 June 1886) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest. He established the Sisters of the Poor which was also known as the Palazzolo Institute. Other contributions include the construction of an orphanage for children in Traona and also the Little House of Divine Providence. He also worked for the poor and the outcast until his death.

Palazzolo was beatified on 19 March 1963 on the account of his well-known holiness and is considered a patron of the Diocese of Bergamo. Pope Francis approved a miracle attributed to him on 28 November 2019 and canonized Palazzolo as a saint on 15 May 2022.
Loadable kernel module
A loadable kernel module (LKM) is an executable library that extends the capabilities of a running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system. LKMs are typically used to add support for new hardware (as device drivers) and/or filesystems, or for adding system calls. When the functionality provided by an LKM is no longer required, it can be unloaded in order to free memory and other resources.

Most current Unix-like systems and Windows support loadable kernel modules but with different names, such as kernel loadable module (kld) in FreeBSD, kernel extension (kext) in macOS (although support for third-party modules is being dropped), kernel extension module in AIX, dynamically loadable kernel module in HP-UX, kernel-mode driver in Windows NT  and downloadable kernel module (DKM) in VxWorks. They are also known as kernel loadable module (KLM), or simply as kernel module (KMOD).

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Harrington Park (homestead)
Harrington Park is a heritage-listed rural estate and former race track, located at 1 Hickson Circuit, Harrington Park, New South Wales, an outer suburb in south-western Sydney, Australia. The original designer is unconfirmed, with 1950–60s additions completed by Marcel Weyland. The homestead was built from 1817 to 1827. The property is privately owned and was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2006.

Marcel Weyland
Marcel Weyland (13 June 1927 – 18 October 2025) was a Polish-born Australian translator, particularly of Polish poetry. His publications include translations of Adam Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz and selected poems of Julian Tuwim, as well as anthologies, including Echoes: Poems of the Holocaust and The Word: 200 Years of Polish Poetry.