hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murdock Kennedy
Murdock Kennedy (March 25, 1873 – 1950) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1906 to 1927 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Breadalbane, Prince Edward Island, the son of Samuel Kennedy and Christy MacKinnon. In 1894, he married Margaret Davison Biggar. Kennedy was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1906 by-election held after the death of George Simpson. He served in the province's Executive Council as Provincial Secretary-Treasurer and Commissioner of Agriculture. Kennedy resigned his cabinet post in 1913 because he was opposed to the operation of automobiles on public roads, which was supported by the government of the time.

His brother James also served in the provincial assembly.

1st Queens
1st Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 until the riding was abolished in 1996 with the elimination of dual member ridings.

The district comprised the westernmost portion of Queens County.

The district holds a unique place in the history of women's participation in Prince Edward Island's provincial politics. In 1970, it elected Jean Canfield to the legislature as the province's first female MLA; in 1979, the election of Marion Reid and Leone Bagnall made it the first district in the province's history to elect women to both of its legislative seats. Reid became the province's first female speaker of the legislature; after her retirement from electoral politics she also became the province's first female lieutenant governor. In 1993, the district elected Catherine Callbeck, the province's first female premier.
Chesapeake Stakes
The Chesapeake Stakes was an important American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses of either sex contested on dirt over a distance of a mile and one-sixteenth at Havre de Grace Racetrack in Havre de Grace, Maryland. Run from 1920 until the track closed after the 1950 edition, the race usually run in late April race was a last major prep before the Kentucky Derby. For owners who had not nominated their horse for the Derby it was a chance to test their horse's ability against some of the best three-year-olds in the country, a number of which they would undoubtedly encounter in the ensuing Preakness Stakes.

Cavalcade (horse)
Cavalcade (1931–1940) was an American Hall of Fame Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. In a career which lasted from 1933 until 1936 he ran twenty-two times and won eight races. He was best known for his performances as a three-year-old in 1934 when his wins included the Kentucky Derby, the American Derby, and the Arlington Classic. His subsequent career was disappointing and he failed to make a significant impact in a brief stud career.
Brisaster capensis
Brisaster capensis is a species of sea urchins of the family Schizasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Brisaster capensis was first scientifically described in 1880 by Studer.  It is endemic to South Africa.

Schizasteridae
Schizasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Spatangoida.

Genera:

Abatus Troschel, 1851

Aceste Thomson, 1877

Aguayoaster Sanchez Roig, 1952 †

Aliaster Valdinucci, 1975 †

Brachybrissus Pomel, 1883 †

Brisaster Gray, 1855

Caribbaster Kier, 1984 †

Cestobrissus Lambert, 1912 †

Diploporaster Mortensen, 1950

Gregoryaster Lambert, 1907 †

Hemifaorina Jeannet & Martin, 1937 †

Hypselaster H.L. Clark, 1917

Lambertona Sanchez-Roig, 1953 †

Linthia Desor, 1853 †

Moira A. Agassiz, 1872

Moiropsis A. Agassiz, 1881

Opissaster Pomel, 1883 †

Ova Gray, 1825

Protenaster Pomel, 1883

Prymnaster Koehler, 1914

Schizaster L. Agassiz, 1835

Schizopneustes Thiéry, 1907 †

Tripylaster Mortensen, 1907
Mary Jenkins Community Praise House
Mary Jenkins Community Praise House is a historic church located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. It was built about 1900, and is a narrow, one-story gable roofed building of frame construction with the entrance in the gable end. It is significant as one of four known extant African-American praise houses on St. Helena Island. The building remains in use.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
Sam Benady
Samuel G. Benady (born 11 September 1937 in Gibraltar) is a Gibraltarian historian, novelist and retired paediatrician of Sephardic Jewish descent. He has been a regular contributor to the Gibraltar Heritage Trust's Journal, and lecturer in the Gibraltar Museum, and author of several works related to the history of Gibraltar and also works of fiction. According to the Gibraltar Chronicle, Benady is "Gibraltar’s well known and prolific author".

Benady was born in Gibraltar, where his family has lived since the 18th century, and received his Medicine degree in London. He worked as a paediatrician in Bristol, Jerusalem and Gibraltar, where he ran the Child Health service. Benady worked for the Gibraltar Health Authority from 1980 until his retirement in 2002. In 2007 he was appointed a MBE "for services to health care and voluntary work".

Gibraltar Chronicle
36°08′20″N 5°21′09″W﻿ / ﻿36.138836°N 5.352429°W﻿ / 36.138836; -5.352429

The Gibraltar Chronicle is a national newspaper published in Gibraltar since 1801. It became a daily in 1821. It is Gibraltar's oldest established daily newspaper and the world's second-oldest English language newspaper to have been in print continuously. Its editorial offices are at Watergate House, and the print works are in the New Harbours industrial estate.
Prophantis octoguttalis
Prophantis octoguttalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. The species was described by Baron Cajetan von Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found on the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.

Identifications from Comoros, Madagascar and South Africa are possibly misidentifications that could be attributed to Prophantis smaragdina.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.

Rogenhoer studied law in Vienna but after passing the law exam he worked as a volunteer in the zoological museum becoming an assistant in 1860 and a curator in 1867. He described a number of species of lepidoptera, particularly those collected on the Novara expedition. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) worked as a keen technician and collector for the benefits of the museum. Mann described many species of Lepidoptera new to science focussing on Microlepidoptera.
Median filter
The median filter is a non-linear digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise from an image, signal, and video. Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve the results of later processing (for example, edge detection on an image). Median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing because, under certain conditions, it preserves edges while removing noise (but see the discussion below for which kinds of noise), also having applications in signal processing.

Edge detection
Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying edges, defined as curves in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The same problem of finding discontinuities in one-dimensional signals is known as step detection and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as change detection. Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction.
Lovegrass (album)
Lovegrass is the fifth studio album by Australian country music singer Sara Storer. It was released in August 2013 and peaked at number 25 on the ARIA Charts.

The title track is a song written about her husband Dave. "This is my love song for Dave. How lucky is he to have a song written for him about a noxious weed, every now and then I threaten him with Roundup!" Storer said. The album was launched at the 2013 Gympie Music Muster.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2013, the album was nominated for Best Country Album, losing to Wreck & Ruin by Kasey Chambers and Shane Nicholson

At the Country Music Awards of Australia of 2014, Storer won Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year.

Country Music Awards of Australia
The Country Music Awards of Australia also known as the Golden Guitar Awards (originally named Australasian Country Music Awards) is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, in Tamworth, New South Wales, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. The awards are hosted at the Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre (TRECC) on the final Saturday night of the Tamworth Festival. They have been held annually since 1973. The first award ceremony had just six awards. The awards show is presented in front of a live audience made up of the media, the music industry and the public.
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex
San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex is a National Wildlife Refuge complex in the state of California, comprising seven separate wildlife refuges in and around San Francisco Bay. They are administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The complex is also responsible for the Common Murre Restoration Project, designed to protect seabird life on the California central coast, including the Common Murre. The project hopes to establish a colony of murres at Devil's Slide Rock near Pacifica.

Pacifica, California
Pacifica (Spanish: Pacífica, meaning "Peaceful") is a city in San Mateo County, California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay. As of the 2020 census, Pacifica had a population of 38,640.
I. Periyasamy
I. Periyasamy is an Indian politician who serves as the Rural Development Minister of Tamil Nadu and the former minister for Co-Operation from 2021 to 2022;  Revenue and Housing under the DMK regime from 2006 to 2011. He was born in Batlagundu on 6 January 1953. His son I. P. Senthil Kumar is an MLA of Palani constituency in Tamil nadu.

Palani Assembly constituency
10°27′N 77°31′E﻿ / ﻿10.45°N 77.52°E﻿ / 10.45; 77.52

Palani is a state assembly constituency in Dindigul district in Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 127. It comes under Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Paula Line
Paula Line refers to the German defense line in late World War II, around the Sillaro river in northern Italy. Defended by the I Parachute Corps, it was breached by II Polish Corps around 15 April 1945.

2nd Polish Corps (Polish Armed Forces in the West)
The 2nd Polish Corps (Polish: 2 Korpus Polski), 1943–1947, was a major tactical and operational unit of the Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II. It was commanded by Lieutenant General Władysław Anders and fought with distinction in the Italian Campaign, in particular at the Battle of Monte Cassino. By the end of 1945, the corps had grown to well over 100,000 soldiers.
Boduszów
Boduszów [bɔˈduʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Iwaniska, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opatów, and 56 km (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Iwaniska
Iwaniska [ivaˈniska] is a town in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Iwaniska. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Opatów and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The town has a population of 1,300.

Iwaniska lies on the Koprzywianka river in historic Lesser Poland, in the southeastern corner of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Approximately 2 kilometers southeast of Iwaniska the complex of the Krzyżtopór castle is located.
Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)
The Social Democratic Front  (SDF; French: Front social démocrate) is the main opposition party of Cameroon. It was led by Ni John Fru Ndi from its foundation until his death in 2023, and receives significant support from the Anglophone Southwest and Northwest Regions.

Southwest Region (Cameroon)
The Southwest Region or South-West Region (French: Région du Sud-Ouest) is a region with special status in Cameroon. Its capital is Buea. As of 2015, its population was 1,553,320. Along with the Northwest Region, it is one of the two Anglophone (English-speaking) regions of Cameroon. Various Ambazonian nationalist and separatist factions regard the South-West region as being distinct as a polity from Cameroon.
2016–17 CEV Women's Champions League
The CEV Champions League was the highest level of European club volleyball in the 2016–17 season and the 57th edition. The Turkish club VakıfBank Istanbul won its third title and qualified to the 2017 FIVB Club World Championship as European champion, besides being already invited by the FIVB, along with Eczacıbaşı VitrA and Voléro Zürich. The Italian club Imoco Volley Conegliano won the silver medal and Turkish Eczacıbaşı VitrA claimed the bronze medal. The Chinese Zhu Ting from VakıfBank Istanbul was awarded Most Valuable Player. Fourth placed club, Dinamo Moscow later received the last wild card to the Club World Championship by the FIVB.

Volero Zürich
Volero Zürich is a Swiss volleyball club based in Zürich. It has many teams (men's, women's and youth volleyball) with the women's team being the most successful and currently playing in the National League A. Since the mid 2000s, the club has also frequently participated in European competitions, most notably the CEV Women's Champions League. In 2018 the elite women's team joined Entente sportive Le Cannet-Rocheville, forming Volero Le Cannet, a team located in Le Cannet, France (Volero Zürich kept an elite team, but it restarted in a lower league).
Homosexuality in ancient Greece
In classical antiquity, writers such as Herodotus, Plato, Xenophon, Athenaeus and many others explored aspects of homosexuality in Greek society. Among some elite circles this often took the form of pederasty, involving an adult man with an adolescent boy (marriages in Ancient Greece between men and women were also age structured, with men in their thirties commonly taking wives in their early teens).  Certain city-states allowed it while others were ambiguous or prohibited it. Sexual relationships between adult men did exist, though it is possible at least one member of each of these relationships flouted social conventions by assuming a passive sexual role. It is unclear how such relations between same-sex partners were regarded in the general society, especially for women, but examples do exist as far back as the time of Sappho.

Kylix
In the pottery of ancient Greece, a kylix (/ˈkaɪlɪks/ KY-liks, /ˈkɪlɪks/ KIL-iks; Ancient Greek: κύλιξ, pl. κύλικες; also spelled cylix; pl.: kylikes /ˈkaɪlɪkiːz/ KY-lih-keez, /ˈkɪlɪkiːz/ KIL-ih-keez) is the most common type of cup in the period, usually associated with the drinking of wine. The cup often consists of a rounded base and a thin stem under a basin. The cup is accompanied by two handles on opposite sides.

The inner basin is often adorned in the bottom so that as the liquid is consumed an image is revealed; this adornment is usually in a circular frame and called a tondo. There are many variations of the kylikes, other cups available in the era include the skyphos, or the kantharoi. Kylikes were also popular exports, being the most common pottery import from Attica found in Etruscan settlements.
St Boniface's Church, St Budeaux
St Boniface's Church is a Church of England church in St Budeaux, Plymouth, Devon, England. The original church was built between 1911 and 1913 to the designs of London architect William Douglas Caröe. Caröe's plans for the west end of the building, including a proposed tower, were never realised, although a concrete extension designed by Plymouth architects Evans & Sloggett was added in 1965.

Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel described the church as "an abundance of ugly and eccentric outlines". It was demolished in 2003, after a new combined church and church hall was built earlier in the same year to replace it. The new building remains an active place of worship.

Bishop of Exeter
The Bishop of Exeter is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The current bishop is Mike Harrison, since 2024.

From the first bishop until the sixteenth century the Bishops of Exeter were in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. However, during the Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily and later more permanently. Since the Reformation, the Bishop and Diocese of Exeter has been part of the reformed and catholic Church of England. The bishop's residence is The Bishop's Palace, Exeter.
Nilometer
A nilometer is a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the annual flood season in Egypt. There were three main types of nilometers, calibrated in Egyptian cubits: (1) a vertical column, (2) a corridor stairway of steps leading down to the Nile, and (3) a deep well with a culvert. If the water level was low, the fertility of the floodplain would suffer. If it was too high, the flooding would be destructive. There was a specific mark that indicated how high the flood should be if the fields were to get good soil.

Nilometers originated in pharaonic times, were also built in Roman times, and were highly prevalent in Islamic Egypt in Rashidun, Ummayad, Abbasid, Tulunid, Mamluk, Alawiyya and Republican periods, until the Aswan Dam rendered them obsolete in the 1960s.

Al-Mutawakkil
Ja'far ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (Arabic: جعفر بن محمد بن هارون, romanized: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn); March 822 – 11 December 861, commonly known by his regnal name al-Mutawwakil ala Allah (Arabic: المتوكل على الله, romanized: al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh, lit. 'He who relies on God'), was the tenth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 847 until his assassination in 861. He succeeded his brother, al-Wathiq (r. 842–847), and is known for expanding the empire to its maximum extent. He was deeply religious, and is remembered for discarding the Muʿtazila, ending the Mihna (a period of persecution of Islamic scholars), and releasing Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He is also known for his tough rule, especially with respect to non-Muslim subjects.

He was assassinated on 11 December 861 by the Turkic guard with the support of his son, al-Muntasir, marking the beginning of the period of civil strife known as the "Anarchy at Samarra".
Blennius normani
Blennius normani is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Atlantic ocean. It reaches a maximum length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) SL. The specific name honours the British ichthyologist John Roxborough Norman (1898-1944) of the British Museum (Natural History).

Combtooth blenny
Combtooth blennies are blenniiformids; percomorph marine fish of the family Blenniidae, part of the order Blenniiformes. They are the largest family of blennies with around 401 known species in 58 genera. Combtooth blennies are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; some species are also found in brackish and even freshwater environments.
Aßberg (Thuringian Highland)
The Aßberg is a 703-m high mountain located in the Thuringian Highland region of Thuringia, Germany.

It is located close to the municipalities of Deesbach, Meura, Reichmannsdorf, and Schmiedefeld and the Leibis-Lichte Dam in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district in the Thuringian Forest Nature Park.

Leibis-Lichte Dam
The Leibis-Lichte Dam (German: Talsperre Leibis –Lichte) is a 102.5-metre-tall (336 ft) dam in the German state of Thuringia in the Thuringian Highland. The dam was completed in 2005 to impound the River Lichte, between the Lichte municipality section Geiersthal and Unterweissbach. To that particular storage reservoir belongs the Deesbach Forebay (German: Vorsperre Deesbach). The name of the dam, "Leibis-Lichte Dam" was derived from the close proximity to the municipalities of Leibis and Lichte, as well as from the Lichte River as being the main inlet.
Deepshikha
Deepshikha (Hindi: दीपशिखा, romanized: Dīpśikhā, lit. 'Crest of the Flame') is a collection of lyric poetry in Hindi composed by Mahadevi Varma and published in 1942. It was Mahadevi's final major poetry collection to embody the sensibilities of Chhayavad. Thereafter, she turned her focus toward prose writing.

As suggested by the title, many of the poems are addressed to a lamp, through which she conveys introspective depth, emotional nuance, contemplation, and motivation. The original edition comprised a fusion of painting and poetry, with the poems rendered upon subtle watercolor backgrounds.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
School of Airborne Troops (France)
The École des troupes aéroportées (ETAP), or School of Airborne Troops, is a military school  dedicated to training the military paratroopers of the French army. It was established in 1964 and is located in the town of Pau, in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France.

It is a training unit of the French Army, under the French Army Training Command (COFAT). The only parachute regiment that is not trained here is the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, which trains at Camp Raffalli in the Promo Parachutiste.

Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ⓘ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan France. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. It is divided in three arrondissements and its prefecture is Pau. In 2019, it had a population of 682,621.