hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PHP License
The PHP License is the open-source license under which the PHP scripting language is released. The PHP License is designed to encourage widespread adoption of the source code. Redistribution is permitted in source or binary form with or without modifications, with some caveats.

Version 3 of PHP used a dual license—PHP 3's source is available under either the PHP License or the GNU General Public License (GPL). This practice was discontinued as of PHP 4, with PHP's developers citing the restrictions on reuse associated with the GPL's copyleft enforcement as being the reason for dropping it. The Zend Engine, the core of the PHP interpreter, is separately licensed under the similar Zend Engine License, which contains similar naming restrictions to the PHP license (applying to the names "Zend" and "Zend Engine"), and a clause requiring advertising materials to mention its use.

Binary file
A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files containing formatted text, such as older Microsoft Word document files, contain the text of the document but also contain formatting information in binary form.
Muhammad Ashiq
Muhammad Ashiq (17 March 1935 – 11 March 2018) was a Pakistani cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. He started his career as a boxer. However, after receiving many injuries in boxing, he switched to cycling. At the 1958 Asian Games, he won silver medal in the team pursuit. He worked as a rickshaw driver later in life.

1958 Asian Games
The 1958 Asian Games, officially the Third Asian Games (Japanese: 第3回アジア競技大会) and commonly known as Tokyo 1958 (Japanese: 東京1958), were a multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. It was governed by the Asian Games Federation. A total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games. The program featured competitions in 13 different sports encompassing 97 events, including four non-Olympic sports, judo, table tennis, tennis and volleyball. Four of these competition sports – field hockey, table tennis, tennis and volleyball – were introduced for the first time in the Asian Games.

This is the first time that Japan hosted the Asian Games.
Hilgi
Hilgi is a village in Amawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 18 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, its population is 1,106, in 199 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Hilgi (as "Hilagi") as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 421 people (214 male and 207 female), in 115 households and 104 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 296 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Hilgi as having a population of 627 people, in 124 households, and having an area of 119.79 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Raebareli
Raebareli (Hindi: Rāēbarēlī, pronounced [ɾaɛbəɾeliː] ⓘ) is a city in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raebareli district, and a part of Lucknow Division and comes under the Uttar Pradesh State Capital Region (UP-SCR). The city is situated on the banks of the Sai River, and center of four metropolitan cities i.e. Lucknow, Prayagraj, Ayodhya, and Kanpur. It possesses many architectural features and sites, chief of which is a strong and spacious fort. As of 2011, Raebareli had a population of 191,316 people, in 35,197 households.
Stephen Dawson
Stephen John Dawson (born 4 December 1985) is an Irish former professional footballer. He primarily played as a central midfielder, although he was also deployed in defensive midfield. He was noted for his aggressive and highly competitive style of play. At international level, Dawson represented the Republic of Ireland national football team at Under-21 level on two occasions.

Dawson began his career with Leicester City before moving to Mansfield Town in 2005, where he made 131 appearances in all competitions. He later played for Bury, Leyton Orient, Barnsley, Rochdale and Scunthorpe United before returning to Bury in May 2017. After an injury hit second spell with the club, he finished his career in non-league football with Hereford and Radcliffe.

Hereford F.C.
Hereford Football Club is an English association football club from the city of Hereford. They were founded in 2014 as a phoenix club for Hereford United, and inherited their Edgar Street stadium. They are nicknamed 'The Whites' after their predominantly white kit, or 'The Bulls' after the Hereford cattle breed, and their motto is 'Our greatest glory lies not in never having fallen, but in rising when we fall'. The club is affiliated to the Herefordshire County Football Association.

As of the 2024–25 season, the club plays in the National League North, at the sixth tier of the English football league system. They entered the football pyramid before the 2015–16 season and won three league titles in their first three campaigns—the Midland League Premier Division followed by the Southern League Division One South & West and the Southern League Premier Division.
New Cadillac Square Apartments
The New Cadillac Square Apartments is a high-rise residential apartment building, standing at 111 Cadillac Square on the intersection with Bates Street in Detroit, Michigan.

Construction on the building was started in 1926 and finished in 1927. It was built in the Beaux-Arts architectural style, and consists of terra cotta as its main material.  It stands 21 floors and has 224 units/rooms, including a restaurant.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Frozen Head
Frozen Head is a mountain in Morgan County, Tennessee.  It is the second highest peak in the Crab Orchard Mountains, at 3,278 feet (999 m).  Frozen Head is located in Frozen Head State Park and Natural Area.

Morgan County, Tennessee
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,035. Its county seat is Wartburg. Morgan County is part of the Knoxville, TN Combined Statistical Area.
WXw Unified World Wrestling Championship
The wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship, contested in the German professional wrestling promotion, Westside Xtreme Wrestling. The championship was established in 2001 as the wXw World Heavyweight Championship, but was later unified with the wXw World Lightweight Championship to create the modern title.

Westside Xtreme Wrestling
Westside Xtreme Wrestling, commonly shortened to wXw, is a German professional wrestling promotion based in Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. wXw has been one of the leading professional wrestling promotions in Germany, and most of its events have been held in the Ruhr district, primarily in Oberhausen. Since 2013, wXw regularly tours throughout Germany, adding tour stops outside the country including Switzerland, the Czech Republic and England
Beulah Baptist Church
Beulah Baptist Church is a predominantly Black Baptist Church at 320 S. Washington Street in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. The historic building is a two-story brick structure with a gable roof and large stained glass window. Built in 1863, it was sandwiched between the two Black neighborhoods of 'the Hill' and 'the Bottoms'. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Beulah was the first of ten Black churches established in Alexandria following the town's occupation by Union troops in 1861. The church's first pastor, Rev. Clem Robinson, had established "The First Select Colored School" in 1861 for Contraband refugees arriving in Alexandria. The following year Robinson, together with Dye Carter, selected a parcel on South Washington Street to build their new church, and Carter oversaw construction of the building. The contraband school soon moved to that location and continued operating after the war.

Old Town Alexandria
Old Town Alexandria is one of the original settlements of the city of Alexandria, Virginia, and is located about 8 miles from the United States Capitol.  It lies across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., of which it used to make up the far southern part. It was the oldest district of D.C. until it was ceded back to Virginia in 1846. Old Town is situated in the eastern and southeastern area of Alexandria along the Potomac River and is laid out on a grid plan of substantially square blocks.
2010–11 Syrian Cup
The 2010-11 version of the Syrian Cup is the 41st edition to be played. It is the premier knockout tournament for  football teams in Syria. Al-Karamah went into this edition as the holders once again.

The competition started on 21 September 2010, but changed from the previous year of games over two legs to a one legged affair.

The cup winner were guaranteed a place in the 2012 AFC Cup.

Al-Karamah SC
Al-Karamah SC (Arabic: نادي الكرامة الرياضي) is a Syrian professional football club based in the city of Homs. Founded in 1928, it is considered to be one of Asia's oldest sporting clubs. The club has won eight Syrian League titles and eight Syrian Cup titles. It also was the first Syrian club to win both the league and cup titles in the same year. The club is based at the Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium. In 2008, the club formed Board of Honor comprising businessmen of the city of Homs to support the club activities and Dr Mohammed Rahif Hakmi was elected as the board chairman.

The club covers other sports such as basketball (team), handball, table tennis, tennis and athletics for both, males and females. In addition to boxing, freestyle wrestling, judo, karate, weightlifting and cycling.
Richard Wingfield, 4th Viscount Powerscourt
Richard Wingfield, 4th Viscount Powerscourt (29 October 1762 – 19 July 1809) was an Irish nobleman, landowner, and a prominent figure in Anglo-Irish society. As a member of the Irish Parliament he opposed the 1800 Act of Union.

Acts of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 (Irish: Achtanna an Aontais 1800) were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The acts came into force between 31 December 1800 and 1 January 1801, and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801.

Provisions of the acts remain in force, with amendments and some Articles repealed, in the United Kingdom, but they have been repealed in their entirety in the Republic of Ireland.
Oleksandr Glotov
Oleksandr Glotov (born 10 November 1953 in Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation) is a Ukrainian literary historian, journalist, member of the Ukraine's National Union of Journalists (from 1992), Doctor of Philological Sciences, and professor.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Sogod Bay
Sogod Bay is a large bay in the southern part of Leyte Island in the Philippines. An extension of the Bohol Sea, the bay is surrounded by the province of Southern Leyte, and the namesake municipality of Sogod is located at the head of the bay. Panaon Island forms part of the eastern side of Sogod Bay, while Sarangani or Limasawa Island is at the mouth of the bay.

Panaon Island
Panaon Island is a small island in the Philippines, in the province of Southern Leyte. It lies south of Leyte, separated from Dinagat to the east, and Mindanao to the southeast by Surigao Strait. The Mindanao Sea lies to the southwest.

Panaon is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long from north to south. The largest town is Liloan, which is connected by a bridge called the Wawa Bridge to the main Leyte Island.

Panaon Island is composed of the municipalities of Liloan, San Francisco, Pintuyan and San Ricardo. The basic forms of living are harvesting coconut, rice, fish and edible green leaves.

Scuba diving and whale watching (referred to locally as Tikitiki) are popular tourist activities.

In 2025, the waters surrounding the island were designated as a protected area known as the Panaon Island Protected Seascape following the signing of Republic Act No. 12238 by President Bongbong Marcos.
Shirley Meng
Ying Shirley Meng (Chinese: 孟穎; pinyin: Mèng Yǐng) is a Singaporean-American materials scientist and academic. She is a professor at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago and Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS) chief scientist at Argonne National Laboratory. 
Meng is the author and co-author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles, two book chapter and six patents. She serves on the executive committee for battery division at the Electrochemical Society and she is the Editor-in-Chief for MRS Energy & Sustainability.

Materials Research Society
The Materials Research Society (MRS) is a non-profit, professional organization for materials researchers, scientists and engineers. Established in 1973, MRS is a member-driven organization of approximately 13,000 materials researchers from academia, industry and government.

Headquartered in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, MRS membership spans over 90 countries, with approximately 48% of MRS members residing outside the United States.

MRS members work in all areas of materials science and research, including physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering.  MRS provides a collaborative environment for idea exchange across all disciplines of materials science through its meetings, publications and other programs designed to foster networking and cooperation.

The Society’s mission is to promote communication for the advancement of interdisciplinary materials research to improve the quality of life.
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 8 (1946)
Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 8 (1946) is an English language science fiction story collection, edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg. It is part of a series which attempts to list the great science fiction stories from the Golden Age of Science Fiction. They date the Golden Age as beginning in 1939 and lasting until 1963. The book was later reprinted as the second half of Isaac Asimov Presents The Golden Years of Science Fiction, Fourth Series with the first half being Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 7 (1945).

This volume was originally published by DAW books in November 1982.

DAW Books
DAW Books is an American science fiction and fantasy publisher, founded by Donald A. Wollheim,  with his wife, Elsie B. Wollheim, following his departure from Ace Books in 1971. The company claims to be "the first publishing company ever devoted exclusively to science fiction and fantasy." The first DAW Book published was the 1972 short story collection Spell of the Witch World by Andre Norton.
Miura clan
The Miura family (三浦氏, Miura-shi) was one of the branch families descended from the Taira clan. They held large fiefs, and retained great political influence. They were one of the primary opponents of the Hōjō family of regents in the mid-13th century, and again at the beginning of the 16th. Miura remains a common family name in Japan today.

The Miura clan supported Minamoto no Yoritomo in the foundation of the Kamakura shogunate, but were later annihilated by Hōjō Tokiyori in 1247. However, the family name was reassigned to a supporter of the Hōjō clan, and the Miura continued to rule Miura Peninsula through the Muromachi period until their defeat at Arai Castle in a 1516 attack by Hōjō Sōun.

Hōjō Sōun
Ise Sōzui (伊勢 宗瑞; 1432 or 1456 – September 8, 1519), also known as Hōjō Sōun (北条 早雲), was a Japanese daimyo and the first head of the Later Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. Although he only belonged to a side branch of the more prestigious Ise family, he fought his way up, gaining territory and changing his name in imitation of the illustrious Hōjō.
Alsophila imrayana
Alsophila imrayana, synonym Cyathea imrayana, is a species of tree fern native to Dominica, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

The plant grows in submontane rain forest understorey and riparian zones on riverbanks, at an altitude of 1,000–2,000 metres (3,300–6,600 ft).

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
Carbapenam
A carbapenam is the parent member of the β-lactams compounds.  The parent is of only of theoretical interest, but substituted derivatives are important carbapenem antibiotics, originally inspired by the structure of penicillin.  In penicillin, the five-membered ring contains sulfur, whereas carbapenams have a CH2 in place of S.  A related class of antibiotics are unsaturated carbapenems. Carbapenam-based antibiotics are widely used, but resistant strains of some pathogens have emerged.

Saturated and unsaturated compounds
A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and the binding of a Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and classes of chemical compounds.  Overall, saturated compounds are less reactive than unsaturated compounds. Saturation is derived from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill'. An unsaturated compound is also a chemical compound (or ion) that attracts reduction reactions, such as dehydrogenation and oxidative reduction.
Hugh Lyle Smyth
Hugh Lyle Smyth (15 Nov 1834 – 25 May 1911) was a wealthy merchant and a JP who was appointed High Sheriff of Cheshire in 1895.

He was born in Derry to Ross Thompson Smyth and Sarah Lyle. He married Eliza Turner of Rusholme Park on 5 June 1862. They had eleven children. Their family home was Crabwall Hall, in the village of Mollington, Cheshire. He had a large country house, Barrowmore Hall in Great Barrow, Cheshire, designed by the architect, John Douglas (1829–1911) and completed c. 1881. His daughter Una Maud Lyle Smyth was a novelist who wrote under the name Marius Lyle.

Mollington, Cheshire
Mollington is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is two miles north of the city of Chester, with the A41 Liverpool–Chester trunk road and Shropshire Union Canal to the east and southeast, the A540 Wirral peninsula trunk road to the south and west and the A5117 link road to the north. Nearby settlements include Backford, Blacon, Capenhurst and Saughall.

At the 2011 census, the village had a population of 626.
2-10-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
26th Annual South African Music Awards
The 26th Annual South African Music Awards were held on 3–7 August 2020. Unlike previous years shows, the ceremony was broadcast as a five-night event, with the first four episodes being 30 minutes long, while the fifth one was a 45-minute grand finale. It was held virtually due to the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns, and for the first time, the award show was to be broadcast live on Multichoice's Mzansi Magic Channel (the award show was originally broadcast on SABC 1, but due to the channel's financial problems it was cancelled, then it was picked up by Multichoice). This was the first year the show was broadcast live via My Muze by Vodacom.

The award show was originally scheduled to take place on 2 June, in Sun City Arena, North West and was to air live. The nominees were announced on July 9, 2020.

DJ Maphorisa
Themba Sekowe  (born 15 November 1987), known professionally as DJ Maphorisa, is a South African DJ, record producer, singer, and songwriter. As a record producer with a blend of house music, gqom, amapiano and afropop, he has worked with and has received production credits from several notable artists, including Wizkid, Sizwe Alakine, Kwesta, Uhuru, Drake, Black Coffee, Major Lazer, Runtown, C4 Pedro, TRESOR, Kabza De Small,Focalistic, Era Istrefi, Mpura, Young Stunna and Killer Kau. He was signed to Kalawa Jazmee Records prior to establishing his own record label, BlaqBoy Music.

He rose to stardom after producing several hit singles for artists of multiple music genres, such as  Uhuru ("Y-Tjukuta"), Kwesta ("Ngud'"), Busiswa ("Lahla"), DJ Zinhle ("My name Is"), Professor ("Jezebel") and Shekinah ("Suited").