hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Shor
David Shor (born 1991) is an American data scientist and political consultant of Israeli origin known for analyzing political polls. He serves as head of data science with Blue Rose Research in New York City, and is a senior fellow with the Center for American Progress Action Fund. A self-described socialist, Shor has been described as a center-left "data guru" and advised a number of liberal political action committees during the 2020 United States elections. He, Anita Dunn, and Kara Swisher operated the Future Forward PAC, the Kamala Harris campaign's main Super PAC and leading fundraising vehicle in the 2024 presidential election. Vox has described Shor as perhaps "the most influential data scientist in the Democratic Party."

Kara Swisher
Kara Anne Swisher (/ˈkɛərə/ KAIR-ə; born December 11, 1962) is an American journalist. She has covered the business of the internet since 1994. As of 2023, Swisher was a contributing editor at New York Magazine, the host of the podcast On with Kara Swisher, and the co-host of the podcast Pivot.

In 2014, she co-founded Vox Media's Recode with Walt Mossberg. From 2018 to 2022, she was an opinion writer for The New York Times, before re-joining Vox Media. She has also written for The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post, and co-produced the All Things Digital conference, and the online publication All Things D.
Band (algebra)
In mathematics, a band (also called idempotent semigroup) is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent (in other words equal to its own square). Bands were first studied and named by A. H. Clifford (1954).

The lattice of varieties of bands was described independently in the early 1970s by Biryukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Semilattices, left-zero bands, right-zero bands, rectangular bands, normal bands, left-regular bands, right-regular bands and regular bands are specific subclasses of bands that lie near the bottom of this lattice and which are of particular interest; they are briefly described below.

Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.

Urethra
The urethra (pl.: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus of the penis or vulva in placental mammals, and in males also transports semen during ejaculation.

The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. The internal sphincter, formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, is innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is found both in males and females.
Julia Zaetta
Julia Anita Zaetta (/ˈzeɪɛtə/; born) is an Australian journalist and magazine editor. She was editor of Better Homes and Gardens and Family Circle for Pacific Magazines, and, over the last 17 years, has been involved in the Better Homes and Gardens show on Channel Seven.

Pacific Magazines
Pacific Magazines was a magazine publisher operating in Australia owned by Seven West Media. In March 2020, it was acquired by Bauer Media Australia in April 2020. In June 2020, Mercury Capital acquired Pacific Magazines as part of its purchase of Bauer's former Australian and New Zealand assets.
Battle of Muriq
The Battle of Muriq (Albanian: Beteja e Muriqit; Serbian: Битка код Мурића) was a battle between Albanian Malësors from Muriqi (near Shkodra), Skadarska Krajina, (present-day Montenegro) and Montenegrin forces led by Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš in 1861-1862. Montenegrin general Mirko Petrović's forces had planned an attack on the Muriqi region with captains Joko Kusovac, Đoko Pejović and Ilija Plamenac to expand the Principality of Montenegro. The Montenegrins from Selca and Krricë were waiting to attack the northern part of Muriqi which was inhabited by Albanians. Captain Iljia Plamenac had 200 soldiers ready. On the other side, Savo Vujović planned an attack south of Muriqi with 400 men from Dupillo, Bercela and Salca. The Montenegrin priest Milo Vojvodić ordered his forces to block all roads from Bar so that reinforcements could not reach the Albanians in Muriqi. The Albanians were victorious in the battle of Muriq 1861

Principality of Montenegro
The Principality of Montenegro (Serbian: Књажевина Црна Горa / Knjaževina Crna Gora) was a principality in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910. It was then proclaimed a kingdom by Nikola I, who then became King of Montenegro.

The capital was Cetinje and the Montenegrin perper was used as the state currency from 1906. The territory corresponded to the central area of modern-day Montenegro. It officially was a constitutional monarchy.
2022–23 West of Scotland Football League
The 2022–23 West of Scotland Football League (known as the PDM Buildbase West of Scotland League for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the West of Scotland Football League, with its top division as part of the sixth tier of the Scottish football pyramid system. The season began on 29 July 2022 and ended on 27 May 2023. Darvel were the reigning champions.

St Cadoc's Y.C.
St Cadoc's Youth Club is a Scottish football club based in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire. They were formed in 1987 by David Jones, janitor at St Cadoc's Primary School and have grown into a large community sports club playing football and netball.

The club formed an adult side and successfully applied to join the newly founded West of Scotland Football League for the 2020–21 season. As part of the facility requirements for the league, they have an agreement to groundshare with fellow West of Scotland League club Benburb at New Tinto Park in Govan, Glasgow. 
St Cadoc’s currently play in the West of Scotland Premier Division. They are the current holders of the Strathclyde Demolition Cup.
Arno Cost
Vadim Arnaud Constentin (French pronunciation: [vadim aʁno kɔ̃stɑ̃tɛ̃] ⓘ; born 6 August 1986 in Nogent-sur-Marne), better known by his stage name Arno Cost, is a French musician, DJ and record producer.

Axwell
Axel Christofer Hedfors (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈǎksɛl krɪˈstɔ̌fːɛr ˈhêː(d)fɔʂ]; born 18 December 1977), better known by his stage name Axwell, is a Swedish DJ, record producer, remixer and owner of Axtone Records. He is a member of Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. He is a two-time DJ Awards winner, and in 2013 he was placed 19th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll.
Parisina (Donizetti)
Parisina (also known as Parisina d'Este) is an opera (tragedia lirica), in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after Byron's 1816 poem Parisina.

The characters of Parisina and Duke Azzo in both Byron's poem and Donizetti's opera are very loosely based on the historical figures of Parisina Malatesta (the daughter of Andrea Malatesta) and Niccolò III d'Este.

Parisina premiered on 17 March 1833 at the Teatro della Pergola in Florence. A performance at the Teatro Argentina in Rome is the setting for a key scene in chapter 34 of the 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas.

Felice Romani
Giuseppe Felice Romani (31 January 1788 – 28 January 1865) was an Italian poet and scholar of literature and mythology who wrote many librettos for the opera composers Donizetti and Bellini. Romani was considered the finest Italian librettist between Metastasio and Boito.
Battles and operations of the Indian National Army
Battles and operations involving the Indian National Army (INA) during the Second World War took place in the South-East Asian theatre in the South-East Asian theatre. The INA’s involvement spanned espionage activities during the Malayan campaign in 1942, participation in the Japanese Ha-Go and U-Go offensives in the Upper Burma and Manipur, and later defensive engagements during the Allied Burma campaign.

The INA’s counterpart in Europe, the Indische Legion, saw limited deployment. Although it participated in duties along the Atlantic Wall and was involved in special operations in Persia and Afghanistan, as well as a small deployment in Italy, its overall military role remained minor.

While the INA was not considered a significant conventional military threat, it though not a significant conventional military threat, the INA posed a substantial strategic concern—particularly for the British Indian Army. As Wavell noted, it was considered a target of prime importance.

Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
Field Marshal Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, PC (5 May 1883 – 24 May 1950) was a senior officer of the British Army. He served in the Second Boer War, the Bazar Valley Campaign and the First World War, during which he was wounded in the Second Battle of Ypres. In the Second World War, he served initially as Commander-in-Chief Middle East, in which role he led British forces to victory over the Italian Army in Eritrea-Abyssinia, western Egypt and eastern Libya during Operation Compass in December 1940, only to be defeated by Erwin Rommel's Panzer Army Africa in the Western Desert in April 1941. He served as Commander-in-Chief, India, from July 1941 until June 1943 (apart from a brief tour as Commander of American-British-Dutch-Australian Command) and then served as Viceroy of India until his retirement in February 1947.
Nebridius (bishop of Egara)
Saint Nebridius (Catalan: Nebridi, Spanish: Nebridio) was bishop of Egara (Terrassa) (516–527) and then bishop of Barcelona from 540 to around 547 AD.  His feast day falls on 9 February.  A native of Girona, Nebridius, according to tradition, had three brothers who were also saints.  They were Saint Justus, bishop of Urgell; Saint Elpidius; and Saint Justinian.  He was very learned and wrote interpretations of the Scriptures.  He also wrote a work called In cantica canticorum about the church chants.  He was a Benedictine.

Girona
Girona, also known as Gerona, is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the population of the Girona–Salt urban area is estimated to be about 156,400 (2020). Girona is also capital of the comarca of the Gironès and the vegueria of Girona. Since much of the old quarter of this ancient city has been preserved, Girona is a popular tourist destination. The city is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.
Bergakker inscription
The Bergakker inscription is an Elder Futhark inscription discovered on the scabbard of a 5th-century sword. It was found in 1996 in the Dutch town of Bergakker, in the Betuwe, a region once inhabited by the Batavi. There is consensus that the find dates from the period 425-475 and that the inscription is either the singular direct attestation of Frankish (Franconian), or the earliest attestation of Old Dutch (Old Low Franconian).

Scabbard
A scabbard is a sheath for holding a sword, dagger, knife, or similar edged weapons. Rifles and other long guns may also be stored in scabbards by horse riders for transportation. Military cavalry and cowboys had scabbards for their saddle ring carbines and rifles for transportation and protection. Scabbards have been made of many materials over the millennia, including leather, wood, and metal such as brass or steel.

Most commonly, sword scabbards were worn suspended from a sword belt or shoulder belt called a baldric.
Suffolk County Police Department
The Suffolk County Police Department (SCPD) provides police services to 5 of the 10 Towns in Suffolk County, New York. It is the second largest county police agency in the United States, with approximately 2500 sworn officers.

Ronkonkoma, New York
Ronkonkoma (/rɒnˈkɒŋkəmə/ ron-KONG-kə-mə) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Islip, in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 18,955 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Ronkonkoma post office has the ZIP Code 11779 and serves the CDP – along with portions of several other, adjacent hamlets and CDPs.

The hamlet is also home to Long Island MacArthur Airport, which is owned and operated by the Town of Islip. The New York Air Route Traffic Control Center is located at the airport.
Nishi-Kyūshū Expressway
The Nishikyushu Expressway (西九州自動車道, Nishi-Kyūshū jidōshadō) is one of the expressways of Japan which goes from Fukuoka to Takeo, running through the prefecture of Saga and the northern half of the Nagasaki Prefecture. The total length is 150 km.

Part of the road is specified as Route 497. This road has two toll zones. The Fukuoka and Maebaru toll zone is managed by Fukuoka Prefectural Road Public Corporation. The Takeo and Sasebo toll zone is managed by West Nippon Expressway Company. The other roadway is managed by MLIT. This road is connected to Fukuoka Expressway Circular Route in Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, and to Nagasaki Expressway in Takeo. From Nijō to Nijō Shika Interchange this expressway overlaps a section of Nijō Hamatama road.

Nishi-ku, Fukuoka
Nishi-ku (西区) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka City, Japan. Meaning literally "west ward," it is bordered to the east by Sawara-ku, and to the west by Itoshima. As of 2003, it has a population of 173,813 people and an area of 83.81 km2. As of 2016, its population had increased to 206,000 people. It has recently gained additional infrastructure in the form of the Nanakuma Line, in addition to the Fukuoka City Subway and the Chikuhi Line.

At the time of Fukuoka City's official designation as a City in 1972, Nishi-ku covered a larger area than it does today. On May 1, 1982, Nishi-ku was subdivided into the three smaller wards of Nishi-ku, Sawara-ku and Jōnan-ku.
Makrynoros
Makrynoros (Greek: Μακρυνόρος) is a forested mountain range dominating the northern part of Aetolia-Acarnania in western Greece. Its highest elevation is about 900 m. Its length is approximately 25 to 30 km from north to south and its width is approximately 10 km from east to west. It lies to the east of the Ambracian Gulf, east of Menidi and northeast of Amfilochia. The valley of the small river Bizakos separates it from the higher Valtou mountains to the east. The Greek National Road 5 (Antirrio - Agrinio - Arta - Ioannina) passes west of the mountain range. Strabo described the area of the mountain range near Sellades as Selaida (Σελαΐδα).

Amfilochia
Amfilochia (Greek: Αμφιλοχία) is a town and a municipality in the northwestern part of Aetolia-Acarnania in Greece, on the site of ancient Amfilochia.  Under the Ottoman Empire, it was known as Karvasaras (Καρβασαράς; Kervansaray in Turkish, from caravanserai).

Amfilochia is situated by the Ambracian Gulf and features an amphitheatre.  Amfilochia dates back to the ancient times and also features the ancient cities of Amphilochian Argos and Limnaia (or Limnaea).
Al Brosky
Alfred E. Brosky (June 9, 1928 – November 28, 2010) was an American professional football player and a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Brosky played football at the University of Illinois from 1950 to 1952. He was a member of the Theta Xi fraternity.

In 1950, he finished with 11 INT and followed that up with 11 INT again in 1951.  In 1952, he finished with 8 INT. Brosky set Big Ten Conference single-season football records in interceptions with 11 in 1950 and again in 1951.

As of 2024, Brosky holds the NCAA career records for interceptions with 29 (1950–1952), career interceptions per game at 1.1 (29 interceptions in 27 games), and most consecutive games with an interception at 15 (beginning November 11, 1950, vs. Iowa and ending October 18, 1952, vs. Minnesota).

After college, Brosky played professionally for one season, with the Chicago Cardinals in 1954. Brosky was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1998.

Theta Xi
Theta Xi (ΘΞ) is a North American Greek-letter social college fraternity. It was founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1864. Of all the social fraternities today, Theta Xi was the only one founded during the Civil War. Its Grand Lodge is headquartered in downtown Atlanta. Since its inception, Theta Xi has grown to include more than 60,000 initiated members. Currently, there are approximately 45 active chapters and one colony. The Theta Xi Fraternity Chapter House at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Miga Lake
Miga Lake is a locality in western Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of West Wimmera local government area, 360 kilometres (220 mi) west north west of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Miga Lake had a population of 28.

Shire of West Wimmera
The Shire of West Wimmera is a local government area in the western part of the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, located in the western part of the state. It covers an area of 9,108 square kilometres (3,517 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 3,862. It includes the towns of Apsley, Edenhope, Goroke, Gymbowen, Harrow, Kaniva, Minimay, Nurcoung and Serviceton.

The Shire is governed and administered by the West Wimmera Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Edenhope, it also has a service centre located in Kaniva. The Shire is named after the Wimmera region, in which the LGA occupies the western portion. The LGA is also located entirely to the west of the Wimmera River, which actually meanders through the Rural City of Horsham to the east.
Herty Lewites
Herty Lewites Rodríguez (December 24, 1939 – July 2, 2006) was a Nicaraguan politician. He was Mayor of Managua and a candidate for president in the 2006 Nicaraguan general election when he died suddenly.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Marinobacter zhanjiangensis
Marinobacter zhanjiangensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from the water from the South China Sea near the Naozhou Island in China.

Naozhou Island
Naozhou Island (French: Île Nau-Chau; Chinese: 硇洲岛; pinyin: Náozhōu Dǎo) (Nao Chow) is an island in the South China Sea. Administratively, the island is organized as Naozhou Town (硇洲镇) within Mazhang District of Zhanjiang City of Guangdong Province of China.
Nattika
Nattika is a small village in Thrissur district of Kerala state, South India. It is centrally located about 25 km from Thrissur, Kodungallur, Irinjalakuda, Chavakkad, Kunnamkulam and Guruvayur. Nattika is beside the Arabian Sea. There is a beach in this village called Nattika Beach. Nattika Beach was previously known as Attakuzhi Bandhar Kadapuram. Nattika is on the west coast of Thrissur. Conolly Canal is the eastern border of Nattika. There is a private bus stand in Thriprayar. Nattika is 60 km away from Cochin International Airport and 25 km away from Thrissur railway station. Modern transportation and better communication facilities are available in the village. This is an assembly constituency.

Guruvayur
Guruvayur IPA: [guɾuʋɐːjuːr]) is a municipal temple town in Thrissur district, of Kerala State in India. It is a suburban town of Thrissur city, located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Thrissur towards the north-west. It houses the Guruvayur Shri Krishna Temple. It is located at a distance of 292 km (181 mi) from the state capital Trivandrum towards the north-west, 86 km (53 mi) from Kochi towards the north, 95 km (59 mi) from Calicut towards south.
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus,the spotcheek emperor, red-eared emperor, red-ears, red-edged emperor, scarlet-cheek emperor, and spot cheek emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

Lethrinidae
Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

These fish are found in tropical waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Lethrinus atlanticus is also found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. They are benthic feeders, consuming invertebrates and small fishes. Some species have molariform teeth which they use to eat shelled invertebrates, such as molluscs and crabs.
Lydian–Milesian War
The Lydian–Milesian War was a military conflict between the Kingdom of Lydia and the ancient Greek city state of Miletus. It took place during the 7th century BC in the Archaic period, traditionally set between 612 and 600 BC. The main source of the war is Herodotus, who wrote about it in the opening chapters of his Histories. The war ended after 12 years when the tyrant of Miletus, Thrasybulus of Miletus, convinced the Lydian king Alyattes to sue for peace with a ruse, after which an alliance between the two states was forged. Amongst other things, the length of the war has caused debate among modern historians.

Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD) was a Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD. He was a successful general under Domitian, commanding forces in Roman Britain, and on the Rhine and Danube frontiers. A novus homo, he was consul three times. Frontinus ably discharged several important administrative duties for Nerva and Trajan. However, he is best known to the post-Classical world as an author of technical treatises, especially De aquaeductu, dealing with the aqueducts of Rome.