hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aerial operations in the Chaco War
The Chaco War was the first major Latin American conflict in which aircraft were used. This aerial war carried a large human and materiel cost. At that time, Bolivia possessed one of the greatest aerial forces in the region, however this fact did not prevent its final defeat. Bolivia lacked the expertise to utilise its aerial forces, and was thus unable to maximise its use of military aviation. Paraguay had a small number of pilots and technicians, all veterans of the revolution of 1922. The 1922 revolution was a brief civil war in which the government and the rebels used aircraft in the operations, and José Félix Estigarribia could be considered an innovator in the military use of aircraft on the continent.

Concepción, Paraguay
Concepción (Spanish pronunciation: [konseβˈsjon]) is a city and district in northern Paraguay and capital of the Concepción Department. It is situated next to the Paraguay River.

Founded in 1773 by Governor Agustín Fernando de Pinedo, the town prospered in the early years of the 20th century as a river port and a center for the north of the country, exploiting the new wealth of the Gran Chaco. The town also played an important role in the Paraguayan Civil War of 1947. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Concepción en Paraguay.
Abbotsford, Johannesburg
Abbotsford is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. This suburb lies north-east of the Johannesburg CBD next to Oaklands, Highlands North and Melrose. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Johannesburg CBD
The Johannesburg Central Business District, commonly called Johannesburg CBD, is one of the main business centres of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the densest collection of skyscrapers in Africa, however, due to white flight and urban blight, many of the buildings are unoccupied as tenants have left for more secure locations in the Northern Suburbs, in particular Sandton and Rosebank. There are significant movements to revive the area.
McCashney
McCashney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben McCashney (born 1988), Australian racing driver

Frank McCashney (born 1890), Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club

Jim McCashney (born 1900), Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club

John McCashney (footballer born 1884), Australian rules footballer who played for the South Melbourne Football Club

John McCashney (footballer born 1932), Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club

Ben McCashney
Ben McCashney (born 26 October 1988 in Trentham, Victoria) is an Australian racing driver.

McCashney's career started at the early age of three, racing at his father's go-kart centre. Ten state championships came with his karting career. McCashney went on to race a Mitsubishi Mirage in Improved Production in 2005.

In 2006, he moved into the Aussie Racing Cars series, finishing runner up in 2007 before moving to the V8 Supercar development series in 2009, driving an Image Racing BA Falcon. In 2010 McCashney competed for his own team, Ben McCashney Racing, driving a Paul Morris prepared VZ Commodore.
Decuriasuchus
Decuriasuchus is an extinct genus of loricatan from the Middle Triassic period (Ladinian stage). It is a carnivorous archosaur that lived in what is now southern Brazil, in Paleorrota. It was first named by Marco Aurélio G. França, Jorge Ferigolo and Max C. Langer in 2011 and the type species is Decuriasuchus quartacolonia. The generic name means "unit of ten crocodiles" in Latin and Greek in reference to the ten known specimens and the animal's possible group behavior. The specific name refers to the Quarta Colonia region where the fossils were collected.

2011 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.
Isaac Beitia
Isaac Beitia (born 8 August 1995) is a Panamanian swimmer. He represented Panama at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea and he finished in 63rd place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 100 metre freestyle he finished in 58th place in the heats.

He also represented Panama at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Mike IX Williams
Michael D. Williams, known professionally as Mike IX Williams (pronounced "Mike 'Nine' Williams"), is an American vocalist and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of New Orleans–based sludge metal band Eyehategod. He is the former associate editor of heavy metal magazine Metal Maniacs and has also worked on other projects.

Williams' vocal offerings have been characterized as "tortured laryngitis screams."

Sludge metal
Sludge metal (also known as sludge doom or simply sludge) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that combines elements of doom metal and hardcore punk. The genre generally includes slow tempos, down-tuned guitars and nihilistic lyrics discussing poverty, drug addiction and pollution.

The sound of sludge metal has its origins in California hardcore punk bands in the early-to-mid-1980s like Black Flag, Flipper and Fang, who began slowing their tempos and embracing the influence of Black Sabbath. This sound was expanded upon by the Melvins towards the end of the decade and the bands they influenced in both the Seattle grunge scene, and in Louisiana with Eyehategod, Crowbar and Acid Bath. In the 1990s and 2000s, the sound of sludge diversified: bands including Neurosis, Isis and Cult of Luna helped to pioneer post-metal, while Baroness and Mastodon fused the genre with progressive metal, while Dystopia did so with crust punk and Grief with anarcho-punk.
Cairine Wilson Secondary School
Cairine Wilson Secondary School is an Ottawa-Carleton District School Board high school in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is the main English-language school in the eastern suburb of Orleans. It is located on 975 Orleans Boulevard in the northern edge of the suburb, near the Ottawa River. The school opened in 1975. It was named after Cairine Wilson, Canada's first female Senator.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Eurovision Song Contest 2020 – das deutsche Finale
Eurovision Song Contest 2020 – das deutsche Finale live aus der Elbphilharmonie (English: The German final live from the Elbphilharmonie) was a one-off music competition in the Eurovision Song Contest format, organised and broadcast by the German broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) for ARD. It served as a local alternative for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, which was planned to be held in Rotterdam, Netherlands, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The competition consisted of a pre-qualifying round on 9 May 2020 in the television show World Wide Wohnzimmer, presented by Dennis and Benjamin Wolter with the support of Peter Urban, and a final on 16 May 2020, hosted by Barbara Schöneberger. The pre-qualifying round was broadcast on the television channel One, while the final was broadcast on Das Erste. Both shows were made available for online streaming.

Das Erste
Das Erste (German: [das ˈʔeːɐ̯stə]; "The First") is the flagship national television channel of the ARD association of public broadcasting corporations in Germany, jointly operated by the nine regional public broadcasting corporations that are members of the ARD.

The channel was launched on 25 December 1952 as NWDR-Fernsehen and renamed to Deutsches Fernsehen in 1954. Since 1996, the official brand is Das Erste; the full name Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (First German Television) is still used before every major news edition. In colloquial speech, the station is usually called Erstes Programm ("First Channel"), or by its metonym, ARD.
Hapkido (film)
Hapkido (Chinese: 合氣道), released as Lady Kung Fu in North America, is a 1972 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Huang Feng and starring Angela Mao. The film co-stars Carter Wong and Sammo Hung, and has early cameo appearances from Jackie Chan, Yuen Biao and Corey Yuen. It was released by Golden Harvest.

Orange Sky Golden Harvest
Orange Sky Golden Harvest (OSGH) (Chinese: 橙天嘉禾娛樂集團有限公司; Cantonese Yale: Cháangtīn Gāwòh Yùhlohk Jaahptyùhn Yáuhhaahn Gūngsī), previously known as Golden Harvest Entertainment Group (Chinese: 嘉禾娛樂事業集團有限公司; Cantonese Yale: Gāwòh Yùhlohk Sihyihp Jaahptyùhn Yáuhhaahn Gūngsī) from 1970 to 2009, is a film production, distribution, and exhibition company based in Hong Kong. It dominated Hong Kong cinema box office sales from the 1970s to the 1980s, and played a major role in introducing Hong Kong action films to the world, especially those by Bruce Lee (Concord Production Inc.), Jackie Chan, Jet Li, and Sammo Hung.
A.C. Leonard
AC Leonard (born January 15, 1992) is an American professional gridiron football defensive lineman. He played tight end for the BC Lions in 2015 before converting to a defensive lineman in 2016. He attended Tennessee State University, where he played college football for the Tigers and studied criminal justice. Leonard has been member of NFL, AFL, FXFL and CFL.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Eastward Hoe
Eastward Hoe or Eastward Ho! is an early Jacobean-era stage play written by George Chapman, Ben Jonson and John Marston. The play was first performed at the Blackfriars Theatre by a company of boy actors known as the Children of the Queen's Revels in early August 1605, and it was printed in September the same year.

Eastward Ho! is a citizen or city comedy about Touchstone, a London goldsmith, and his two apprentices, Quicksilver and Golding. The play is highly satirical about social customs in early modern London, and its anti-Scottish satire resulted in a notorious scandal in which King James was offended and the play's authors were imprisoned. Eastward Ho! also parodically engages with popular contemporaneous plays such as The Spanish Tragedy, Tamburlaine and Hamlet. The play's title alludes to Westward Ho! by Thomas Dekker and John Webster (who responded with Northward Ho! in 1607).

The Spanish Tragedy
The Spanish Tragedy, or Hieronimo is Mad Again is an Elizabethan tragedy written by Thomas Kyd between 1582 and 1592. Highly popular and influential in its time, The Spanish Tragedy established a new genre in English theatre: the revenge play or revenge tragedy. It is considered one of the most influential plays of the Renaissance theatre. The play contains several violent murders and personifies Revenge as its own character. The Spanish Tragedy is often considered to be the first mature Elizabethan drama, a claim disputed with Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine, and was parodied by many Elizabethan and Jacobean playwrights, including Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.

Many elements of The Spanish Tragedy, such as the play-within-a-play used to trap a murderer and a ghost intent on vengeance, appear in Shakespeare's Hamlet. (Thomas Kyd is frequently proposed as the author of the hypothetical Ur-Hamlet that may have been one of Shakespeare's primary sources for Hamlet.)
Long Gone Daddy
Long Gone Daddy is an unauthorized compilation of recordings by Hank Williams III, released on April 17, 2012, through Williams' former record label Curb Records. The album, distributed without Williams' approval or knowledge, is a collection of six cover songs as well as outtakes from his first two solo albums, Risin' Outlaw and Lovesick, Broke and Driftin'.

Curb Records
Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb, originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.
Russula silvicola
Russula silvicola is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. Found in North America, it was described as new to science in 1975. It is considered inedible.  It has a strong peppery flavor.

Russulaceae
The Russulaceae are a diverse family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi that include some edible species. These gilled mushrooms are characterised by the brittle flesh of their fruitbodies.

In addition to these typical agaricoid forms, the family contains species with fruitbodies that are laterally striped (pleurotoid), closed (secotioid or gasteroid), or crust-like (corticioid). Molecular phylogenetics has demonstrated close affinities between species with very different fruitbody types and has discovered new, distinct lineages.

An important group of root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes Lactifluus, Multifurca, Russula, and Lactarius. The crust-forming genera Boidinia, Gloeopeniophorella, and Pseudoxenasma, all wood-decay fungi, have basal positions in the family.
Thermal hydraulics
Thermal hydraulics (also called thermohydraulics) is the study of hydraulic flow in thermal fluids. The area can be mainly divided into three parts: thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer, but they are often closely linked to each other. A common example is steam generation in power plants and the associated energy transfer to mechanical motion and the change of states of the water while undergoing this process. Thermal-hydraulics analysis can determine important parameters for reactor design such as plant efficiency and coolability of the system.

The common adjectives are "thermohydraulic", "thermal-hydraulics" and "thermalhydraulics".

Thermal fluids
Thermal fluids, or thermofluids, is a branch of science and engineering encompassing four intersecting fields: heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and combustion.

The term is a combination of "thermo", referring to heat, and "fluids", which refers to liquids, gases and vapors. Temperature, pressure, equations of state, and transport laws all play an important role in thermofluid problems.  Phase transition and chemical reactions may also be important in a thermofluid context. The subject is sometimes also referred to as "thermal fluids".
Rapsodi (Olamide album)
Rapsodi is the debut studio album by Nigerian rapper Olamide, released by Coded Tunes on 21 March 2011. The album features guest appearances from Pheelz, Wizkid, 9ice, Reminisce, I.D Cabasa, 2Phat, Adol, Ab1, Jumoke, Lord of Ajasa, B-Rank, Soul Joe, and Terry Da Rapman. It was nominated for Best Rap Album at The Headies 2012.

9ice
Akande Abolore Adegbola Alexander Ajifolajifaola (born Abolore Adegbola Akande; 17 January 1980) better known as 9ice (pronounced nice), is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and dancer. He is known for his powerful use of the Yoruba language in his music and his proverbial lyrics and unique style of delivery.
Girolamo Nardini
Girolamo Nardini (c. 1460 – 1538) was an Italian painter of a late-Gothic and early Renaissance styles.

He was born in Sant'Angelo in Vado. He painted the Polyptych of St James with St Augustine Bishop (circa 1500) for the church of San Giacomo in Pergola. He also painted in Gubbio in 1510. He painted a Virgin and Child with Saints Emil and Roch for the parish church of Melano. He painted independently or with his brothers, Dionisio and Giacomo Nardini.

Melano
Melano is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2022, the former municipalities of Maroggia, Melano and Rovio merged to form the new municipality of Val Mara.
Constitution of Tabasco
The Constitution of the State of Tabasco (Spanish: Constitución Política del Estado de Tabasco) is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of the State of Tabasco. The 1919 constitution, which took effect on 5 April 1919, is the current constitution of Tabasco.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Cadillac V-Series.R
The Cadillac V-Series.R, originally named the Cadillac V-LMDh, is a sports prototype racing car designed by Cadillac and built by Dallara. It is designed to the Le Mans Daytona h regulations, and debuted in the IMSA SportsCar Championship at the season opening 24 Hours of Daytona. The car is also contesting the FIA World Endurance Championship from 2023 onwards. The V-Series.R uses one of the largest engines in its category, running a naturally aspirated V8 with a 5.5-liter engine displacement.

As of November 2025, the V-Series.R has seven wins to its name and achieved 13 podium finishes. It took the Teams', Drivers' and Manufacturers' Championships of the 2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship season, the first of those completed with Action Express Racing.

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Michael Hodgkinson
Sir Michael Stewart Hodgkinson (born 7 April 1944) is a British business executive who was best known for being Chief Executive of Heathrow Airport Holdings from 1999 to 2003. He has held a number of senior positions in the travel industry.

TUI Group
TUI AG (trading as TUI Group) is a German multinational leisure, travel and tourism company; it is the largest such company in the world. TUI is an acronym for Touristik Union International ("Tourism Union International"). TUI AG was known as Preussag AG until 1997, when the company changed its activities from mining to tourism. It is headquartered in Hanover, Germany, and trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and Hanover Stock Exchange.

It fully or partially owns several travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise lines and retail shops as well as five European airlines. These activities involve the operation of 353 hotels with 275,144 beds and it allows its brand to be used for another 65 hotels operated by third parties. These hotels accommodate 21 million guests a year. It also operates 16 cruise ships under the TUI Cruises, Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and Marella Cruises brands, as well as a fleet of 134 aircraft.
Henschel-Wegmann Train
The Henschel-Wegmann Train was an advanced passenger express train operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Germany, which ran non-stop express services between Berlin and Dresden (see Berlin–Dresden railway) from June 1936 to August 1939. Both the DRG Class 61 steam locomotive at its head as well as the coaches were streamlined.

Bahnbetriebswerk
A Bahnbetriebswerk is the equivalent of a locomotive depot (or motive power depot) on the German and Austrian railways. It is an installation that carries out the maintenance, minor repairs, refuelling and cleaning of locomotives and other motive power. In addition it organises the deployment of locomotives and crews. In the Deutsche Bahn, a Bahnbetriebswerk is known today as a Betriebshof; the ÖBB refer to it as a Zugförderungsstelle (Zf). Many other countries simply use the term 'depot'. The smaller facility, the Lokomotivstation (also Einsatzstelle or Lokbahnhof) akin to the British sub-depot or stabling point, is affiliated to a Bahnbetriebswerk.

N.B. The shortened form Betriebswerk is also used and both are commonly abbreviated to Bw or BW. The plural is Bahnbetriebswerke.
Steve Pilgrim (musician)
Steven Michael Pilgrim (born 1979) is an English drummer and singer-songwriter. He was originally the drummer for The Stands (2003–2004) playing on both the band's albums however he left before the band eventually split up. Following his departure, Pilgrim has established a career as a singer-songwriter, releasing four solo albums to date: Lover, Love Her (2007), Sunshine (2009), Pixels and Paper (2011) and Morning Skies (2017). He has also drummed for several artists including John Power and Paul Weller.

Sophie Solomon
Sophie Solomon (born 6 June 1978) is a British violinist, songwriter and composer who fuses many different musical influences into her music. She was artistic director of the Jewish Music Institute, SOAS (University of London) from 2012 to 2015.
Prix Joseph Kessel
The Prix Joseph Kessel is a prize in French language literature, given to "a book of a high literary value written in French".

The jury includes or has included among its members Tahar Ben Jelloun, Jean-Marie Drot, Michèle Kahn, Pierre Haski, Gilles Lapouge, Michel Le Bris, Érik Orsenna, Patrick Rambaud, Jean-Christophe Rufin, André Velter and Olivier Weber.

Érik Orsenna
Érik Orsenna is the pen-name of Érik Arnoult (born 22 March 1947) a French politician and novelist. After studying philosophy and political science at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris ("Sciences Po"), Orsenna specialized in economics at the London School of Economics. He was a close collaborator of François Mitterrand and held several government positions in the 1980s and 1990s. He is a member (currently on leave) of the Conseil d'État, having been appointed in 1985. He was elected to the Académie Française on 28 May 1998. He won the 1990 International Nonino Prize in Italy. For Voyage au pays du coton he received the second prize of the Lettre Ulysses Award in 2006.