hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fido explosives detector
The Fido explosives detector is a battery-powered, handheld sensory device that uses amplifying fluorescent polymer (AFP) materials to detect trace levels of high explosives like trinitrotoluene (TNT). It was developed by Nomadics, a subsidiary of ICX Technologies (now owned by FLIR Systems), in the early 2000s as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Dog's Nose program. The Fido explosives detector is considered the first artificial nose capable of detecting landmines in the real world. The device was named after its ability to detect explosive vapors at concentrations of parts per quadrillion (1 in 10^15), which is comparable to the sensitivity of a bomb-sniffing dog's nose, i.e. the historical "gold standard" for finding concealed explosives.

Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe the small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are

parts-per-million – ppm, 10−6

parts-per-billion – ppb, 10−9

parts-per-trillion – ppt, 10−12

parts-per-quadrillion – ppq, 10−15

This notation is not part of the International System of Units (the SI system) and its meaning is ambiguous. In chemistry, ambiguity arises because parts-per notation is able to be used to refer to a mole fraction and a mass fraction, which are unequal depending on the molar mass of the substance.
Alfred Biesiadecki
Alfred Biesiadecki (13 March 1839 – 31 March 1889) was a Polish pathologist born in Dukla.

He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, earning his medical doctorate in 1862. In 1865 he became an assistant at the institute of pathological anatomy in Vienna under Karl Rokitansky. From 1868 to 1876 he was a professor of pathological anatomy at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, afterwards moving to Lviv where he served as Protomedikus, working as an organizer of health services.

Biesiadecki was a pioneer of Polish histopathology, remembered for contributions made in research of skin diseases. His name is associated with "Biesiadecki's fossa", a peritoneal recess that is also known as the iliacosubfascial fossa. He published medical treatises in Polish and German.

Anatomical pathology
Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the 20th century, surgical pathology has evolved tremendously: from historical examination of whole bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized practice, centered on the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Its modern founder was the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Morgagni from Forlì.

Anatomical pathology is one of two branches of pathology, the other being clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids or tissues. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Ohio State Route 822
State Route 822 (SR 822) is an unsigned east–west state highway in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. The short route was designated in 1990. Its western terminus is at the intersection of 7th Street and the on-/off-ramps for U.S. Route 22 (US 22), where it serves as a connection between the U.S. Route and SR 7, the route's eastern terminus. The whole route is in Steubenville, after multiple truncations due to the demolition of Fort Steuben Bridge.

Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville (/ˈstjuːbənvɪl/ STEW-bən-vil) is a city in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Ohio River 33 miles (53 km) west of Pittsburgh, it had a population of 18,161 at the 2020 census. The Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area has an estimated 113,000 residents. The city's name is derived from Fort Steuben, a 1786 fort that sat within the city's current limits and was named for Prussian military officer Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

Steubenville's nickname is the "City of Murals" after its more than 25 downtown murals. Historically, it was known as the hometown of Edwin Stanton, secretary of war during the American Civil War, as well as popular Rat Pack entertainer Dean Martin. It has recently attracted attention for the Steubenville Nutcracker Village, an annual Christmastime event. It is home to the campus of Franciscan University of Steubenville.
Claudiopolis (Galatia)
Claudiopolis (Greek: Κλαυδιόπολις, city of Claudius) was an ancient city of Galatia mentioned by Ptolemy as belonging to the Trocmi.  It sat on the Halys river, northwest of Carissa; but its site has not been located.  From its name one can adduce that it was named for Roman emperor Claudius.

Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯzɯlɯrmak], Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς) and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.
Bill Cotter
William Cotter (born 10 February 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician

A school principal before entering politics, he was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt, when he stood in the Cavan–Monaghan constituency at the 1989 general election to the 26th Dáil. He lost his seat at the 1992 general election, but at the subsequent elections to the 20th Seanad he was elected on the Labour Panel.

At the 1997 general election, he stood again in Cavan–Monaghan, but did not regain his seat. He was also defeated at the following elections to the 21st Seanad, and did not stand again for either the Dáil or Seanad.

He was an elected member of Monaghan County Council for the Carrickmacross electoral area from 1985 until 1999.

1989 Irish general election
The 1989 Irish general election to the 26th Dáil was held on Thursday, 15 June, three weeks after the dissolution of the 25th Dáil on 25 May by President Patrick Hillery, on the request of Taoiseach Charles Haughey. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, on the same day as the European Parliament election.

The 26th Dáil met at Leinster House on 29 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. No government was formed on that date, but on 12 July, Haughey was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 21st government of Ireland, a coalition government of Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats.
Guy Crossman
Guy F. Crossman (14 June 1915 – 12 June 1989) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born and educated in Buctouche, New Brunswick, he was a contractor by career.

He was first elected at the Kent riding in the 1962 general election, then re-elected there in the 1963 and 1965 federal elections. In the 1968 election, he won the Westmorland—Kent electoral district. After serving his final term in the 28th Canadian Parliament, Crossman left the House of Commons and did not campaign in any further federal elections.

1963 Canadian federal election
The 1963 Canadian federal election was held on April 8, 1963, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative (Tory) government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with the Liberals returning to power for the first time in 6 years, where they would remain for twenty of the next twenty-one years (winning every election except the 1979 election until their landslide defeat in 1984).  For the Social Credit Party, despite getting their highest ever share of the vote, the party lost 6 seats compared to its high-water mark in 1962.

The 1963 election was the first in which all of the Northwest Territories were contained in an electoral district, and consequently the first in which 100% of Canadian territory was represented in Parliament.
Himalayan silver fir forests
Himalayan Silver Fir forests is a plant community and conifer forest habitat type in the Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests ecoregion of the Temperate coniferous forests Biome.

The forest's vegetation is dominated by the Abies pindrow (Himalayan Silver Fir) species of conifer trees.

Abies pindrow
Abies pindrow, the pindrow fir, West Himalayan fir, or silver fir, is a fir native to the western Himalaya and adjacent mountains, from northeast Afghanistan east through northern Pakistan and India to central Nepal.
1923 Boston Red Sox season
The 1923 Boston Red Sox season was the 23rd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished last in the eight-team American League (AL) with a record of 61 wins and 91 losses, 37 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1923 World Series.

1923 World Series
The 1923 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1923 season. The 20th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees against the National League champion New York Giants. The Yankees beat the Giants in six games. This would be the first of the Yankees' 27 World Series championships (as of 2026). The series was not played in a 2–3–2 format: as with the previous two Series (where both clubs had shared the Polo Grounds) the home field alternated each game, though this time it involved switching ballparks, as the first Yankee Stadium had opened this season.
Weer en Verkeer
Weer en Verkeer (in English Weather and Traffic Channel) was a television channel in the Netherlands broadcasting weather forecasts, weather-related news and traffic information. The forecasts and traffic reports were provided by a major Dutch meteorological company Meteo Consult in Wageningen which also provides the weather forecasts for RTL 4. Weer en Verkeer has been a joint venture between Meteo Consult and Chello Benelux (Liberty Global).

Wageningen
Wageningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋaːɣənɪŋə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of 39,635 in 2021, of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries.
Mahishi
Mahishi is a village situated in the Saharsa district of northern Bihar. It is 16 kilometers west of the Saharsa district headquarters and 8 kilometers west of Bangaon, Bihar. It is place of utmost religious importance due to Shaktipeeth of Goddess Ugratara. People of the village speak Maithili. The western Kosi embankment is only a few hundred meters away.

Kosi embankment
The Koshi embankments were built in late 1950s to retain the Kosi River which is a transboundary river between Nepal and India and is one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges. It was conceptualised during the first Bihar Government of CM Shri Babu and his deputy Anugraha Babu.  
According to the agreement with Nepal, the responsibility of maintaining these embankments was vested in the Government of Bihar.
Adrian Hedley
Adrian John Hedley (born 8 December 1978) is a former English cricketer.  Hedley was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Durham, County Durham.

Hedley represented the Durham Cricket Board in 3 List A matches in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, against Oxfordshire, Staffordshire and Gloucestershire. In his 3 List A matches, he scored 54 runs at a batting average of 18.00, with a high score of 46.  In the field he also took a single catch.

Staffordshire County Cricket Club
Staffordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty national county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Staffordshire. The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Staffordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Going Some (play)
Going Some is a 1908 play written by Paul Armstrong and Rex Beach, based on some short stories by Beach. It is a farce with four acts, three settings, and fast pacing. The play's action covers one week, and concerns a Yale man with no athletic ability roped into running a footrace for the honor of New Mexico ranch hands and the affection of a Smith College girl.

The play was first produced by Liebler & Company in March 1908, with staging by George F. Marion. The Shuberts bought the rights a year later and Paul Armstrong re-staged it. It had a short tryout in New Haven, Connecticut before premiering on Broadway in April 1909. Its first season on Broadway ended in late June 1909, after 96 performances.

The play was later adapted for a silent film of the same title in 1920.

Shubert family
The Shubert family, of brothers Lee, Sam, and Jacob, was a central force in the establishment and expansion of both  the legitimate theatre and vaudeville in the United States in the first half of the 20th century. By 1924, the Shubert Organization they founded controlled 75 percent of all American theatres, producing 25 percent of all plays, triggering the creation of Actor's Equity as a performing arts labor union in backlash.  The organization's dominance resulted in a mid-1950s Supreme Court antitrust ruling forcing the brothers to partially divest their empire.

As of 2024, the Shubert Organization owns 17 Broadway theaters in New York City's Theater District, still the hub of the theatre industry in America, as well as off-Broadway venues and theatres in Boston and Philadelphia.
Matli Mohapeloa
Matli Mohapeloa (born 2 April 1984) is a South African actor.He is best known for portraying "Dj Ngwazi" in the etv soapie Rhythm City, from 2007-2009.He has also appeared in Gothia Caper, When We Were Black, Mtunzini.com, Nomzamo, Zabalaza, Generations: The Legacy and Ak'siSpaza.

Rhythm City
Rhythm City is a South African television musical drama series produced by Quizzical Pictures. It is an e.tv original production that aired on the country's free-to-air television channel e.tv from 2007 to 2021. The story revolves around the trials and tribulations of people trying to break into the music industry. The series also aired on e.tv Ghana.
Lilliwaup, Washington
Lilliwaup is a small unincorporated community in Mason County, Washington, United States. It is located on the west shore of Hood Canal at the mouth of Lilliwaup Creek. U.S. Route 101 passes through the town.

Hood Canal
Hood Canal is a fjord-like body of water that lies south of Admiralty Inlet in Washington State that some consider to be the western lobe and one of the five main basins of Puget Sound. It is one of the minor bodies of water that constitute the Salish Sea. Maximum depth is 600 ft. Hood Canal is not a canal in the sense of an artificial waterway—it is a natural feature.
Hirosaki University
Hirosaki University (弘前大学, Hirosaki Daigaku) is a Japanese national university in Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1949, it comprises five faculties: Faculty of the Humanities, Faculty of Education History, Hirosaki University Medical School History, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science. Its abbreviated form is Hirodai.

National university
A national university is mainly a university created or managed by a government, but which may also at the same time operate autonomously without direct control by the state. In the United States, the term "national university" connotes the highest institutional level in education, differing in meaning from a "federally-chartered university." Globally, some national universities are associated with national cultural or political aspirations.
For example, the National University of Ireland during the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information about the Irish language and Irish culture. In Argentina, the national universities are the result of the 1918 Argentine university reform and subsequent reforms, which were intended to provide a secular university system without direct clerical or government influence by bestowing self-government on the institutions.
Berklee Online
Berklee Online, founded in 2001, is the private, nonprofit online school of Berklee College of Music in Boston that offers music courses, certificates, bachelor's, and master's degree programs. Berklee Online is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). Since its inception, Berklee Online has taught more than 75,000 students from 164 countries. It is the largest online music school in the world with more than 18,000 annual enrollments in credit-based courses and more than 3.1 million enrollments in massive open online courses through Coursera, EdX, and Kadenze. As of 2021, Berklee Online has nearly 250 courses and instructors.

Bonnie Hayes
Bonnie Hayes is an American singer-songwriter, musician and record producer, born in San Francisco, California, United States, and currently lives between Los Angeles and New York City. Her songs have been recorded by Cher, Bette Midler, Bonnie Raitt, Natalie Cole, Robert Cray, David Crosby, Adam Ant and Booker T and the MGs.
Lycée Condorcet (Sydney)
Lycée Condorcet Sydney (also known as the International French School of Sydney and formerly as the French School of Sydney) is a French-based independent co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day school, located in Maroubra, an eastern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The school provides an education for children from Maternelle – Year 12 and is linked to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is approved by the AEFE (Agency for French Teaching Abroad) and regulated by French authorities. The IB Diploma Programme is approved by the International Baccalaureate Organization.

The school is a member of the Association of Independent Schools. The petite and moyenne section of maternelle are approved by the NSW Department of Education.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Mitsui 56 series
The 56 series is a series of cargo ships built by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding.

As of January 2013, 151 ships have been built and 170 ordered. The 151st was delivered to New Blossom Maritime S.A. They are built at Mitsui's Tamano and Chiba shipyards.

Tamano
Tamano (玉野市, Tamano-shi) is a city located in southern Okayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2022, the city had an estimated population of 55,889 in 27087 households, and a population density of 540 persons per km2 .  Its total area is 103.58 square kilometres (39.99 sq mi)
2025 Canberra Tennis International
The 2025 Canberra International, known as Workday Canberra International for sponsorship reasons, was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the seventh edition of the men's tournament, which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour, and the eighth edition of the women's tournament, which was part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the Canberra Tennis Centre in Canberra, Australia between 30 December 2024 and 4 January 2025.

Taylah Preston
Taylah Preston (born 27 October 2005) is an Australian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 134, achieved on 18 March 2024, and a best doubles ranking of No. 175, achieved on 28 July 2025. She has won a WTA Challenger title in doubles.

As a junior, Preston reached a career-high combined ranking of No. 10.
Western Pennsylvania Championships
The Western Pennsylvania Championships  formally known as the Western Pennsylvania Amateur Tennis Championships was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1889. The tournament ran annually through till 1981 as part of the ILTF Independent Tour  until it was discontinued.

United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.
Sugarless (film)
Sugarless is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language comedy drama film produced by K. M. Shashidhar in his directorial debut. The film stars Pruthvi Ambaar and Priyanka Thimmesh. It revolves around a 28-year old man getting diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, but choosing to conceal it from his lover. The film was released on 8 July 2022.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Martham Broad
Martham Broad is a  60-hectare (150-acre) national nature reserve north of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk. It is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust, and is part of the Upper Thurne Broads and Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is also part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation.

This reserve is composed of two shallow broads divided by the River Thurne, together with fen, reedbeds and marshes. There are a number of bat species and breeding birds include bearded tits, common terns, Cetti's warblers and marsh harriers.

There is public access to the site.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.