hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sampling (signal processing)
In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to a sequence of "samples".
A sample is a value of the signal at a point in time and/or space; this definition differs from the term's usage in statistics, which refers to a set of such values.

A sampler is a subsystem or operation that extracts samples from a continuous signal. A theoretical ideal sampler produces samples equivalent to the instantaneous value of the continuous signal at the desired points.

The original signal can be reconstructed from a sequence of samples, up to the Nyquist limit, by passing the sequence of samples through a reconstruction filter.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
Azellus Lavallée
Azellus Lavallée (January 29, 1894 – August 30, 1976) was a Canadian politician from Quebec. He represented Berthier in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1948 to 1962 as a member of the Union Nationale.

A farmer, he served as mayor of Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier from 1933 to 1937, and ran as an independent candidate in Berthier—Maskinongé in the 1945 Canadian federal election, after having been passed over as a Liberal Party of Canada candidate in favour of Aldéric Laurendeau. A Bloc populaire challenger withdrew from the race to endorse and support Lavallée, although he ultimately lost to Laurendeau.

He won election to the provincial legislature in the 1948 Quebec general election, representing the district until the 1962 Quebec general election, when he was defeated in a re-election bid by Lucien McGuire of the Quebec Liberal Party.

His wife, Éva Denis, was the sister of federal members of parliament Arthur Denis and Azellus Denis.

Berthier—Maskinongé
Berthier—Maskinongé (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtje maskinɔ̃ʒe]; formerly known as Berthier and Berthier—Maskinongé—Lanaudière) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1953, from 1968 to 1988, and since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 103,516.
Vasilis Kikilias
Vasilis Kikilias (Greek: Βασίλης Κικίλιας; born 15 May 1974) is a Greek politician, currently Minister of Maritime Affairs and Insular Policy in the second cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis.

He is a member of the Hellenic Parliament for New Democracy in the Athens A constituency. He is also a retired professional basketball player who played for Panionios B.C., Ionikos Nikaias B.C., AEK B.C., Apollon Patras B.C. and the Greece men's national basketball team.

Apollon Patras B.C.
Apollon Patras B.C., named after the Greek God Apollo, is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Patras, Greece. Apollon Patras B.C. is the men's basketball club of the Greek multi sports athletic union A.S. Apollon Patras. The club's name sponsorship is Apollon Patras B.C. Carna. Currently, Apollon competes in the Greek A2 Basket League, which is the 2nd-tier level basketball division in Greece.
2024 Virginia Democratic presidential primary
The 2024 Virginia Democratic presidential primary took place on March 5, 2024, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 118 delegates to the Democratic National Convention were allocated to presidential candidates. The contest was held on Super Tuesday alongside primaries in 14 other states and territories.

Biden won the primary with some opposition from Williamson. Because uncommitted was not an option in the primary, Gaza war protest vote movements organizers rallied around Williamson.

Uncommitted (voting option)
"Uncommitted" is a voting option in some United States presidential primaries. This option is listed along with the names of individuals running for the position and is often described as "none of the above". Depending on state and party thresholds, voting uncommitted may allow states to send uncommitted delegates to a party's nominating convention.
Dufault
Dufault is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Austin Dufault (born 1990), American basketball player

Danielle Dufault (born c. 1988), Canadian artist

François Dufault (fl. 1604–1665), French Baroque composer and lutenist

Jeremie Dufault (born 1978), Member of the Washington House of Representatives, attorney, and businessman

Luce Dufault (born 1966), Canadian singer

Maryeve Dufault (born 1982), Canadian-American racing driver

Peter Kane Dufault (1923–2013), American poet

Pierre Dufault (1934–2025), Canadian journalist and sports commentator

Jeremie Dufault
Jeremie Joseph Dufault (born 1978) is an American attorney, businessman, and politician serving as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 15th district. First elected in 2018, Dufault's district included the eastern half of Yakima County.
Nobelhallen
Nobelhallen is an indoor arena in Karlskoga, Sweden. Its current capacity is 5,600 and it was built in 1971. It is the home arena of the ice hockey team BIK Karlskoga.

The first ice hockey game inside Nobelhallen, which replaced Boforsrinken, was played on 15 October 1972, a friendly game where KB Karlskoga lost, 5–9, against Djurgården IF. Nobelhallen hosted the 1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Nobelhallen was also used as a music venue hosting concerts with among others Roxette, Kent, Scorpions, David Lee Roth and John Fogerty.

Nobelhallen was set to be renovated in 2021, but the multi-million Swedish krona-rebuild was postponed.

1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (1979 WJHC) was the third edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship and was held from 27 December 1978 until 3 January 1979. The tournament was held in Karlstad and Karlskoga, Sweden.  The Soviet Union won its third consecutive gold medal, while Czechoslovakia won the silver, and Sweden the bronze.
A Kid from Tibet
A Kid from Tibet (Chinese: 西藏小子) is a 1991 Hong Kong martial arts action film starring and directed by Yuen Biao, who also produced. The film was written by Barry Wong, Sam Chi-leung, and Chan Kam-cheong. The film features two more former members of the Seven Little Fortunes: Yuen Wah as an evil sorcerer and a cameo appearance from Jackie Chan. A Kid From Tibet is Yuen's only credit as director. It was filmed in Taiwan, Hong Kong and partly on location in Tibet.

Wu Ma
Fung Wang-yuen (22 September 1942 – 4 February 2014), better known by his stage name Wu Ma, was a Hong Kong actor, director, producer and writer. Wu Ma made his screen debut in 1963, and with over 240 appearances to his name (plus 49 directorial credits within a fifty-year period), he was one of the most familiar faces in the history of Hong Kong Cinema and is best known as the Taoist ghosthunter in A Chinese Ghost Story.
Çiriş, Erdemli
Çiriş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Erdemli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,000 (2022). It is situated to the south of the dense forestry of the Taurus Mountains. The distance to Erdemli is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) and to Mersin is 48 kilometres (30 mi). The village was founded in a place full of ancient ruins. It was named after the Turkish name of the plant Asphodelus. The main economic activity of the village is farming. Various vegetables and fruits (including greenhouse crops) are produced. Tropical fruits like avocado and kiwifruit are also produced.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Étang-sur-Arroux
Étang-sur-Arroux (French pronunciation: [etɑ̃ syʁ aʁu], literally Étang on Arroux) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. The bronze statuette called the God of Étang-sur-Arroux was found here.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Mochlus somalicus
Mochlus somalicus, also known as the Somali writhing skink, is a species of skink. It is found in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. It inhabits a variety of habitats, from coastal barren semi-desert to dry savanna to dense Acacia woodland at 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Armando Cabañas
Armando "Chino" Cabañas (1878 - November 21, 1959) was a Cuban professional baseball second baseman and outfielder in the Cuban League and, briefly, in the Negro leagues. He played from 1899 to 1916 with several ballclubs, including San Francisco, Almendares, Club Fé, Habana, Azul, and the Cuban Stars (West). He was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1959.

Almendares (baseball)
The Almendares B.B.C. was one of the oldest and most distinguished baseball teams in the old Cuban League, which existed from 1878 to 1961.  Almendares represented the Almendares District on the outskirts of the old city of Havana—when the league was founded it was still considered a suburban area, but later became a district within the enlarged city.  Almendares was one of the most successful franchises in the Cuban League.  In their early history they were known by their colors as the Azules de Almendares ("Almendares Blues"); later they adopted the name of Alacranes del Almendares (Almendares Scorpions).  Throughout their existence they had a famous rivalry with the Habana baseball club.

Almendares won 24 Cuban League championships (the first during the 1893–94 season and the last and in 1958–59) and two Caribbean Series (in 1949 and 1959).
Ray Williams (rugby union, born 1927)
Henry Raymond "Ray" Williams (13 November 1927 – 5 January 2014) was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for Felinfoel and Llanelli. Williams was capped three times for Wales, playing between 1954 and 1958. He was also a mentor credited with a significant contribution to the success of Barry John.

Llanelli RFC
Llanelli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llanelli) was a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872.

The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is "Sosban Fach", a Welsh song meaning "Little Saucepan", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white.

Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli became a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Following the 2022-23 season, the club was disbanded.
Mazda North American Operations
33°39′32″N 117°44′54″W﻿ / ﻿33.6588726°N 117.7482629°W﻿ / 33.6588726; -117.7482629

Mazda North American Operations (MNAO), which includes Mazda Motor of America, Inc., is Mazda Motor Corporation's North American arm, and constitutes the largest component of that company outside Japan. The company has its headquarters in Irvine, California and is headed by Jeffrey Guyton.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Wreecher See
The Wreecher See is a cove, southwest of the town of Putbus on the German Baltic Sea island of Rügen.

The bay is named after the village of Wreechen on its eastern shore. On its southern shore are the settlements of  Glowitz and Neukamp.

This body of water, which is designated as a nature reserve, has an area of 77 hectares and is part of the  Southeast Rügen Biosphere Reserve. Within that reserve it lies within Conservation zone II (a maintained zone). The Wreecher See is a large cove with a short, narrow channel linking it to the Rügischer Bodden to the east, a large bay on the coast of Rügen. A wide belt of reeds surrounds the lake, which acts as a breeding, resting and overwintering area for many birds.

North of the lake is an area of seepage with reed meadows.

Seepage
In soil mechanics, seepage is the movement of water through soil. If fluid pressures in a soil deposit are uniformly increasing with depth according to , where  is the depth below the water table, then hydrostatic conditions will prevail and the fluids will not be flowing through the soil. However, if the water table is sloping or there is a perched water table as indicated in the accompanying sketch, then seepage will occur. For steady state seepage, the seepage velocities are not varying with time. If the water tables are changing levels with time, or if the soil is in the process of consolidation, then steady state conditions do not apply.
Tomhannock Reservoir
The water source for the city of Troy, New York, is the Tomhannock Reservoir, a man-made reservoir 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of Troy in the town of Pittstown. The reservoir is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) long, and holds 12.3 billion US gallons (47,000,000 m3) when full. Water quality is good to excellent. Licensed fishing (both warm-weather and ice fishing) is a popular recreational activity. The reservoir supplies water to about 50,000 residents in Troy, as well as to about 85,000 residents in the nearby municipalities of Brunswick, East Greenbush, Halfmoon, Menands, North Greenbush, Poestenkill, Rensselaer, Schaghticoke and Waterford.

Menands, New York
Menands /mɪˈnændz/ is a village in Albany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,554 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Louis Menand.  The village lies inside the town of Colonie and borders the northern city line of Albany.
Kharkhiraa
Kharkhiraa (Mongolian: Хархираа, romanized: Harhiraa, pronounced [χarçɪˈɾa]; lit. "common crane") is a mountain of the Altai Mountains and is located in the Uvs Province in Mongolia. It has an elevation of 4,040 metres (13,255 ft).

Uvs Province
Uvs Province (/ˈʊfs/ UUFS) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the west of the country, 1,336 kilometres or 830 miles away from the national capital, Ulaanbaatar. Its capital is Ulaangom, which lies 936 metres or 3,070 feet above sea level.

The province is named after Mongolia's biggest lake, Uvs Lake.
Sound pressure
Sound pressure or acoustic pressure is the local pressure deviation from the ambient (average or equilibrium) atmospheric pressure, caused by a sound wave. In air, sound pressure can be measured using a microphone, and in water with a hydrophone. The SI unit of sound pressure is the pascal (Pa).

Hydrophone
A hydrophone (Ancient Greek: ὕδωρ + φωνή, lit. 'water + sound') is a microphone designed for underwater use, for recording or listening to underwater sound. Most hydrophones contain a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric potential when subjected to a pressure change, such as a sound wave.

A hydrophone can also detect airborne sounds but is insensitive of them because it is designed to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air. Sound travels 4.3 times faster in water than in air, and a sound wave in water exerts a pressure 60 times more than what is exerted by a wave of the same amplitude in air. Similarly, a standard microphone can be buried in the ground, or immersed in water if it is put in a waterproof container but will give poor performance because of the similarly-bad acoustic impedance match.
Dookudu (soundtrack)
Dookudu is the soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name composed by S. Thaman with lyrics written by Ramajogayya Sastry, Viswa and Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar. The film starring Mahesh Babu was directed by Srinu Vaitla. The six-song album was released by Aditya Music on 19 August 2011. The album was met with mixed response from critics, but fetched Thaman his maiden Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu.

Viswa (lyricist)
Vemuri Visweswar (Viswa) is a Telugu Movie lyricist, music director, singer, and dubbing artist. He has worked on more than 250 films and is multi-talented. Viswa has attracted a Telugu audience by skillfully blending catchy Sanskrit, English, and Hindi words in his writings. His trendy wordplay and musical and vocal talents made him popular among critics and the audience. Star heroes and directors wish to collaborate with Vishwa for his unique ability to elevate heroism through his intense lyrics. Viswa is a versatile writer in the present generation of the Telugu Film Industry (TFI) who covers almost all genres in his lyrics. His lyrics for introductions and title songs for all acclaimed actors deserve special mention.
Nekabborer Mohaproyan
Nekabborer Mohaproyan is a 2014 Bangladeshi film directed and produced by Masud Pathik. The screenplay is based on the poetry of Nirmalendu Goon. It earned six Bangladesh National Film Awards including the Best Film. The film received financial aid from the government.

Nirmalendu Goon
Nirmalendu Goon (born 21 June 1945) is a Bangladeshi poet known for his accessible verse. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2001 and Independence Day Award by the Government of Bangladesh in 2016. He was also awarded the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1982.
Janetta Douglas
Janetta Douglas, née Smith, MBE is a Papua New Guinean charity worker.

In the late 1960s, she was "a young teacher in Madang", where she "encouraged the women to continue to make pots, assisted with marketing to surrounding villages and to Australia", and helped stimulate a "tourist trade in pottery".

Douglas is the author of a book on Tourism in Papua New Guinea (Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies, Port Moresby, 1975).

Dame Carol Kidu has described her as an "unsung hero", and said that "without people like Janetta Douglas, the disability data for Moresby South would not be being collected".

In June 2009, she was made a Memder of the Order of the British Empire by the Queen of Papua New Guinea, Elizabeth II, for "service to commerce and charities, especially through helping people living with disabilities".

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Allied Universal
Allied Universal is an American private security and staffing company, based in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania and Irvine, California. Formed in 2016 by the merger of AlliedBarton and Universal Services of America, Allied Universal is the world's largest provider of private security guards. It is also the third largest United States–based employer globally with 800,000 employees.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Cheung Ka Long
Edgar Cheung Ka Long SBS (Chinese: 張家朗; Jyutping: zoeng1 gaa1 long5; born 10 June 1997) is a Hong Kong left-handed foil fencer, two-time Olympic champion and two-time individual Asian champion, having won the gold medal at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.

Cheung is the first athlete representing Hong Kong in history to win consecutive Olympic gold medals and the second to become an Olympic champion, after windsurfer Lee Lai Shan. He is also the fourth non-European and third Asian to do so, after Ramón Fonst, Kim Young-ho, and Lei Sheng.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.