hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Sculptor's Model
A Sculptor's Model is an oil painting by the Dutch artist Lawrence Alma-Tadema, from 1877. It is held in a private collection.

Blending nude art and history painting it depicts a scene from Ancient Rome, a major focus of the artist's work. A naked art model poses for a statue, tying her hair in preparation. The female figure resembles the Esquiline Venus which had been excavated in 1874 on the Esquiline Hill. The painting depicts the sculpting of the Venus, which is obscured by a palm branch held by the model.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1878 at Burlington House in London. Its full-length, life-size depicting of a nude female, without any mythological element, caused a degree of controversy despite the artist's use of a classical prototype.

Model (art)
An art model is a person who poses, often nude, for visual artists as part of the creative process, providing a reference for the human body in a work of art. The importance of the human figure in Western art begins with the Ancient Greeks, which was rediscovered in the Renaissance, art modelling then becoming an occupation. With few exceptions, models remained anonymous until the 19th century.

Modern nude models have most often been employees of art schools, and paid by the hour to pose. As an occupation, modeling requires the often strenuous 'physical work' of holding poses for the required length of time, the 'aesthetic work' of performing a variety of interesting poses, and the 'emotional work' of maintaining a socially ambiguous role. While the role of nude models is well-established as a necessary part of artistic practice, public nudity remains transgressive, and models may be vulnerable to stigmatization or exploitation.: 1
Nicholas Conyngham Tindal
Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal, PC (12 December 1776 – 6 July 1846) was a celebrated English lawyer who successfully defended the then Queen of the United Kingdom, Caroline of Brunswick, at her trial for adultery in 1820.  As Chief Justice of Common Pleas, an office he held with distinction from 1829 to 1846, he was responsible for the inception of the special verdict "Not Guilty by reason of insanity" at the trial of Daniel M'Naghten.

Judge Tindal was born in the Moulsham area of Chelmsford, where 199 Moulsham Street is today, and the site is marked with a commemorative plaque.

Burke's Landed Gentry
Burke's Landed Gentry (originally titled Burke's Commoners) is a reference work listing families in Great Britain and Ireland who have owned rural estates of some size. The work has been in existence from the first half of the 19th century, and was founded by John Burke. He and successors from the Burke family, and others since, have written in it on genealogy and heraldry relating to gentry families.

It has evolved alongside Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. The two works are regarded as complementing each other. Since the early 20th century, the work includes families that historically possessed landed property.
Swimming at the 1971 Pan American Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke
The men's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 1971 Pan American Games took place on 6 August. The last Pan American Games champion was Don Schollander of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Codreanu (surname)
Codreanu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandru Codreanu (born 1965), Moldovan diplomat

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1899–1938), Romanian politician

Corneliu Codreanu (footballer) (born 1977), Romanian football player

Ilie Codreanu (born 1948), Romanian sport shooter

Ina Codreanu (born 1985), Moldovan beauty queen

Ion Codreanu (general) (1891–1960), Romanian general

Ion Codreanu (politician) (1879–1949), Moldovan politician

Lizica Codreanu-Fontenoy (1901–1993), dancer

Mihai Codreanu (1876–1957), Romanian poet

Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu (1885–1963), Bessarabian politician

Roman Codreanu (1952–2001), Romanian wrestler

Teofil Codreanu (1941–2016), Romanian footballer

Mihai Codreanu
Mihai Codreanu (Romanian pronunciation: [miˈhaj koˈdre̯anu]; July 25, 1876 – October 23, 1957) was a Romanian poet, particularly noted for his sonnets. A native and lifelong resident of Iași, he published his first volume of verse in 1901, followed by another two years later that solidified his reputation. Aside from another book of sonnets in 1914 and two during the 1920s, he authored three highly successful translations of French plays. He also edited a series of newspapers and wrote widely for an array of literary reviews. Attracted to the stage from early on, he led and reformed the main theatre in his city for several years after World War I, and during the 1930s presided over the arts school in Iași. Beginning in 1905, he developed an eye disease that soon left him unable to read or write, tasks that he accomplished through intermediaries.
Death of Barbara Precht
Barbara Rose Precht (née Hess), previously known as Pearl Lady, was an American woman who was found dead in the Ohio River in 2006; she remained unidentified until 2014. Precht's cause of death is unknown; it may have been an accident, suicide or homicide. Her husband, James, was located and arrested for lying to police about his identity after she was identified.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
2010 Cook Islands general election
A general election was held in the Cook Islands on 17 November 2010 to elect 24 MPs to the Cook Islands Parliament. The Cook Islands Party won 16 seats, a two-thirds majority. Voter turnout was 78%.

A binding referendum on whether the number of MPs should be reduced from 24 was held at the same time as the election.

Parliament of the Cook Islands
The Parliament of the Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: Te Marae Akarau Vānanga o te Kuki Airani) is the legislature of the Cook Islands.  Originally established under New Zealand administration, it became the national legislature upon independence in 1965.

The Parliament consists of 24 members directly elected by universal suffrage from single-seat constituencies.  Members are elected for a limited term, and hold office until Parliament is dissolved (a maximum of four years). It meets in Avarua, the capital of the Cook Islands, on Rarotonga.

The Cook Islands follows the Westminster system of government, and is governed by a cabinet and Prime Minister commanding a majority in Parliament.

The Speaker of the House is currently Tai Tura. The Deputy Speaker is Tuakeu Tangatapoto.
Past Lives (L.S. Dunes album)
Past Lives is the debut studio album by American supergroup L.S. Dunes. It was released on November 11, 2022 by Fantasy Records and distributed through Concord. Three singles preceded the album's release: "Permanent Rebellion", "2022", and "Bombsquad".

Will Yip
William Yip (Chinese: 葉浩仁; born February 18, 1987) is a Grammy-winning American record producer, audio engineer, songwriter and musician. Yip is an owner of Studio 4 Recording in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Yip is also the owner of Memory Music, an independent record label that he launched in June 2015, that features projects worked on at Studio 4.

Yip's partial discography includes producing, engineering, mixing, and mastering recordings for artists such as Lauryn Hill, Panic! at the Disco, Circa Survive, Code Orange, Anthony Green, Blacklisted, Title Fight, Turnstile, The Wonder Years, The Disco Biscuits, King Sunny Adé, The Fray, Keane, Balance and Composure, Superheaven, mewithoutYou, and Movements.

Yip is also a studio and live drummer. He was the drummer and music director for hip hop emcee Schoolly D and his band International Supersport.
Central Nyanza District
Central Nyanza was an administrative district of Nyanza Province in western Kenya. It was headquartered in Kisumu. Created as Kisumu District in 1902, after the eastern region of Uganda was transferred to the East Africa Protectorate. At the time the district was under Kisumu Province, later renamed Nyanza Province in 1909. There were boundary alterations between 1920 and 1921, leading to the district being renamed Central Kavirondo. In 1948, Central Kavirondo was renamed Central Nyanza.

The district was one of the forty districts recognised in the  independence Constitution of Kenya. The district returned one member of Parliament to the Senate of Kenya until the senate was abolished in 1966, when the district became purely administrative.

In 1968, Central Nyanza District, split into Kisumu and Siaya districts. The now defunct Central Nyanza District covers the present-day Kisumu and Siaya counties.

Kisumu County
Kisumu County is one of 47 counties in the Republic of Kenya. Its borders follow those of the original Kisumu District, one of the former administrative districts of the former Nyanza Province in western Kenya. Its headquarters is Kisumu City which is the third largest city in Kenya after the capital Nairobi and the coastal city of Mombasa. It has a population of 1,155,574 (according to the 2019 National Census). The land area of Kisumu County totals 2085.9 km2.

Kisumu County's neighbours are Siaya County to the West, Vihiga County to the North, Nandi County to the North East and Kericho County to the East. Its neighbour to the South is Nyamira County and Homa Bay County is to the South West. The county has a shoreline on Lake Victoria, occupying northern, western and a part of the southern shores of the Winam Gulf.
Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
The Marangál na Dalit ng̃ Katagalugan (English title: Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People) is a song of the Philippine Revolution composed in November 1896 by Julio Nakpil at the request of Andres Bonifacio as the anthem of the revolutionary Tagalog Republic. However, this nascent revolutionary government was displaced and superseded by a succession of revolutionary governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo and the composition known today as Lupang Hinirang became the national anthem of the Republic of the Philippines.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
Kuala Jeneris
Kuala Jeneris (Jawi: كوالا جنيريس) is a small town in Hulu Terengganu District, Terengganu, Malaysia. It is the eastern end of the Ipoh-Kuala Terengganu road Federal Route 185.

5°12′03.3″N 102°53′02.7″E﻿ / ﻿5.200917°N 102.884083°E﻿ / 5.200917; 102.884083

Hulu Terengganu District
Hulu Terengganu (lit. 'Upper Terengganu', Terengganu Malay: Hulu Tranung) is an interior district of Terengganu, Malaysia. The seat of the district is Kuala Berang, located about 40 km (25 mi) from the state capital, Kuala Terengganu. The local government of this district is Hulu Terengganu District Council.
Odo (Star Trek)
Odo /ˈoʊdoʊ/, played by René Auberjonois, is a fictional character in the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. He is a member of a shape-shifting species called Changelings and serves as the head of security for the space station Deep Space Nine on which the show is set. Intelligent, observant, and taciturn, Odo uses his unique abilities throughout the show to maintain security on the DS9 station and later aids the Bajoran people and the Federation throughout the Dominion War against his own people, the Founders.

United Federation of Planets
In the fictional universe of Star Trek, the United Federation of Planets (UFP) is the interstellar government with which, as part of its space force Starfleet, most of the characters and starships of the franchise are affiliated. Commonly called "the Federation", it was introduced in the original Star Trek television series. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of the Star Trek franchise's central themes.

The Federation is an organization of numerous planetary sovereignties, including Earth and Vulcan. The franchise focuses on Starfleet, the exploration and defense arm of the Federation, rather than the Federation's government. Viewers are rarely given details of the internal workings of the government; however, many episodes refer to the rules and laws that the Federation imposes on the characters and their adventures.
Haw wars
The Haw Wars (Thai: สงครามปราบฮ่อ) were triggered by southern Chinese paramilitary refugee gangs invading parts of Northern Thailand, Laos and Tonkin from 1865–1890. Forces invading Lao domains were ill-disciplined and freely demolished Buddhist temples. Not knowing these were remnants of secret societies, the invaders were wrongly called Haw (Lao: ຫໍ້; Thai: ฮ่อ; Chinese: Hao). Forces sent by King Rama V successfully fought the various groups, the last of which eventually disbanded in 1890.

Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang (Lao: ຫຼວງພະບາງ, pronounced [lǔaŋ pʰāʔ.bàːŋ]), historically known as Xieng Thong (ຊຽງທອງ) and alternatively spelled Luang Phabang or Louangphabang, is the capital of Luang Prabang Province in north-central Laos. Its name, meaning “Royal Buddha Image,” derives from the Phra Bang, a statue symbolizing Lao sovereignty. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, the city is recognized for blending traditional Lao architecture, European colonial buildings, and over 30 Buddhist temples. The protected area encompasses 33 of its 58 villages, where daily rituals like the morning alms-giving ceremony persist.
U of C
U of C refers to a number of institutions of higher education around the world, including the following:

Australia

University of Canberra (Australian Capital Territory)

Canada

University of Calgary (Alberta)

New Zealand

University of Canterbury (Christchurch)

Portugal

University of Coimbra

Spain

University of Cantabria

United Kingdom

University of Cambridge

United States

University of California system

University of Charleston (West Virginia)

University of Chicago (Illinois)

University of Cincinnati (Ohio)

University of Colorado system, officially uses the acronym CU

University of Connecticut

University of Canberra
The University of Canberra (UC) is a public research university with its main campus located in Bruce, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The campus is 2.5 km (1.6 mi) from Belconnen Town Centre, and 8.7 km (5.4 mi) from Canberra's Civic Centre. UC offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses through five faculties: Arts and Design; Business, Government and Law; Education; Health; and Science and Technology.
Pant-y-crug
Pant-y-crug is a hamlet in the  community of Melindwr, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 71.5 miles (115 km) from Cardiff and 175 miles (281.6 km) from London. Pant-y-crug is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Krosspynten
Krosspynten is a headland at the western side of Wijdefjorden in Andrée Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The branch Vestfjorden mouths into Wijdefjorden at Krosspynten.

Krosspynten is included in the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park. A trapper's cabin which was built at Krosspynten in 1910 has been relocated to a museum in Tromsø.

Wijdefjorden
Wijdefjord is the longest fjord in Norway's Svalbard archipelago. Wijdefjord is located in the northern portion of the island of Spitsbergen, which lies in the Arctic Ocean about midway between Norway and the North Pole, and is the largest island in the archipelago. The fjord is 108 km (67 mi) long. Opening on Spitsbergen's north coast, it runs roughly southwards into the interior, separating Andrée Land in the west from Margaretas Land in the east. The southern half of the fjord is part of Indre Wijdefjorden National Park.
De Bonte Wever
De Bonte Wever (formerly De Smelt) is a sports arena located in Assen, Netherlands.

De venue opened in the 1970s with a 400-meter speed skating track. Later an ice hockey hall was added. In the early 1990s, the city of Assen became the owner of the sports complex. The speed skating track became semi-indoors and a subtropic swimming pool was added. In 2009 De Smelt was bought by Jan Smit, who changed the name to De Bonte Wever. In 2010 a hotel was built near the complex.

Assen
Assen (Dutch: [ˈɑsə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital of the province of Drenthe. It received city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Sunday in June the Dutch TT is run; and also for the annual Assen Dance Festival.

Assen won the European Green Leaf Award for 2027.
Dyumeyevo
Dyumeyevo (Russian: Дюмеево; Bashkir: Дөмәй, Dömäy) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Dyumeyevsky Selsoviet, Ilishevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 851 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Ilishevsky District
Ilishevsky District (Russian: Или́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Илеш районы, İleş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with Krasnokamsky District in the north, Dyurtyulinsky District in the east, Chekmagushevsky District in the southeast and south, Bakalinsky District in the southwest, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,980.53 square kilometers (764.69 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhneyarkeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 34,654, with the population of Verkhneyarkeyevo accounting for 28.0% of that number.
Starobabichevo
Starobabichevo (Russian: Старобабичево; Bashkir: Иҫке Бәпес, İśke Bäpes) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Starobabichevsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 520 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Karmaskalinsky District
Karmaskalinsky District (Russian: Кармаскали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡырмыҫҡалы районы, Qırmıśqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Ufimsky and Iglinsky Districts in the north, Arkhangelsky District in the east, Gafuriysky District in the southeast, Aurgazinsky District in the south, Davlekanovsky District in the southwest, and with Chishminsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,750 square kilometers (680 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karmaskaly. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 51,504, with the population of Karmaskaly accounting for 16.6% of that number.
Fishguard Volcanic Group
The Fishguard Volcanic Group is an Ordovician lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in west Wales. The name is derived from the town of Fishguard in Pembrokeshire. This assemblage of rocks has also been referred to as the Fishguard Volcanic Series or Fishguard Volcanic Complex. These rocks are believed to be the source of the 'bluestones' which form a part of the well-known prehistoric monument of Stonehenge in southern England.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Edward D. Gazzam
Edward Despard Gazzam (May 7, 1803 – February 19, 1878) was an American medical doctor, lawyer, politician, and abolitionist. He was a founder of the Free Soil Party and served in the Pennsylvania State Senate.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Finnish Steam Locomotive Class B1
The Finnish Steam Locomotive Class B1 is an 0-4-2ST built by Beyer, Peacock & Company, at its Gorton Foundry in Manchester, England. Nine were constructed between 1868 and 1890. They were designed for use as shunting locomotives.

Number 9 is Finland's oldest preserved locomotive and is preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum. The B1 was nicknamed “Ram”. They were numbered 9–10, 53–56, 150–151. B1 locomotives were withdrawn in the 1920s. The last was withdrawn in 1928.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.