hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ranks of the French Imperial Army (1804–1815)
This article lists the military ranks and the rank insignia used in the French Imperial Army. Officers and the most senior non-commissioned rank had rank insignia in the form of epaulettes, sergeants and corporals in the form of stripes or chevrons on the sleeves.

Epaulette
Epaulette (/ˈɛpəlɛt/; also spelled epaulet) is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of rank by armed forces and other organizations. Flexible metal epaulettes (usually made from brass) are referred to as shoulder scales.

In the French and other armies, epaulettes are also worn by all ranks of elite or ceremonial units when on parade. It may bear rank or other insignia, and should not be confused with a shoulder mark – also called a shoulder board, rank slide, or slip-on – a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform (although the two terms are often used interchangeably).
2023 New Jersey Generals season
The 2023 New Jersey Generals season is the second season for the New Jersey Generals as a professional American football franchise and their first under general manager Billy Devaney as well as their second under head coach Mike Riley. They failed to improve upon their 9–1 record from the previous season after their second loss of the season in Week 4 against the New Orleans Breakers. The team missed the playoffs after posting a 3–7 record.

2022 New Jersey Generals season
The 2022 New Jersey Generals season was the  first season for the New Jersey Generals as a professional American football franchise. They played as charter members of the United States Football League, one of eight teams to compete in the league for the 2022 season. The Generals technically play as a traveling team (since the entirety of the regular season will be played at Protective Stadium and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama) and were led by head coach Mike Riley.
Alpine galaxias
The alpine river galaxias (Galaxias paucispondylus) is a galaxiid of the genus Galaxias, found only in mid to high elevation streams flowing from the Southern Alps of New Zealand. It grows to a length of up to 11 cm.

Alpine galaxias are speckled olive-green over a light brown base.  The single large dorsal fin is rounded, and set back two thirds of the body length, the anal fin a little further back. The caudal fin is large and slightly forked. Like all galaxiids it lacks scales and has a thick, leathery skin covered with mucus.

They are non-diadromous and therefore do not have a marine phase and are not part of the whitebait catch.

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.
Stal Rzeszów Municipal Stadium
The Stal Rzeszów Municipal Stadium (Polish: Stadion Miejski Stal w Rzeszowie) is a 12,000-capacity motorcycle speedway and association football stadium in the southern area of Rzeszów, Poland. The stadium staged the U-19 Women’s Euro final in 2025.

The venue is used by the speedway team Stal Rzeszów, who compete in the Team Speedway Polish Championship and the football clubs of Stal Rzeszów and Resovia.

Resovia (football)
Resovia Rzeszów, commonly referred to as Resovia, is a Polish professional association football club from Rzeszów, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It is part of the multi-sports club CWKS Resovia, and is one of the oldest football clubs in Poland. As of the 2025–26 season, they compete in the II liga.

Among the achievements of Resovia's football team are: Championship of Lwów League in 1937, semifinals of the Polish Cup in 1981, and runners-up in the Second Division in 1983.
Ramsay Gilderdale
Ramsey Wilson Gilderdale (born 5 August 1962), professionally known as Ramsay Gilderdale, is an English actor, best known for playing Guy of Gisbourne in BBC children's television comedy Maid Marian and Her Merry Men from 1990 to 1994. He also appeared in Rumpole of the Bailey and Blackadder's Christmas Carol.

As a screenwriter, he has also worked on Barbara and ChuckleVision.
He was a storyliner on the Cuthbert Lilly sketches for ZZZap!.

He is also a director of Modicasa, an Italian company specialising in "sales, holiday rentals and property management and services" in and around Modica in southern Sicily.

Ramsay is a graduate of the University of Nottingham.  During his time there he was active in the Student Drama Society ("Dramsoc") and appeared in a production of The Changeling (Middleton and Rowley).

ChuckleVision
ChuckleVision is a British children's comedy television series created by Martin Hughes and the Chuckle Brothers for the BBC. It starred Barry and Paul Elliott as the Chuckle Brothers and occasionally their older brothers, Jimmy, and Brian Elliott (known professionally as the Patton Brothers).

It aired to critical acclaim and notoriety becoming widely known among a large span of generations for their Yorkshire humour and catchphrases such as "To me, to you" and "Oh dear, oh dear". It ran for 292 episodes over twenty-two years from 1987 to 2009.

In January 2018 it was voted as one of the greatest children's TV shows of all time by a Radio Times panel of experts. Further in August 2019, it was voted the best CBBC show of all time by readers of Radio Times.
Man Mohan Sondhi
Man Mohan Sondhi (18 December 1933 – 4 February 2018) was a prominent researcher in speech processing and signal processing who worked at Bell Laboratories during 1962–2001. He was famous for his research on echo cancellation. Born in Firozpur, Punjab, he was educated at Delhi University, Indian Institute of Science, and University of Wisconsin–Madison.

As a specialist in speech science and signal processing, Sondhi recognized that the future of satellite communications would require developing a technology to cancel the 600 millisecond signal echo created by the delay of transmission. Sondhi and his collaborators at Bell Labs eventually created the echo canceller that made practical satellite transmissions  possible.
He received 5 patents.

In 1998 he received the IEEE Eric E. Sumner award.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Weightlifting at the 2025 National Games of China
Weightlifting is part of the 2025 National Games of China held in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, and is being contested from November 10 to 20. Both men and women are competing in the deprecated 2018-2025 IWF categories, as planning for this event began in 2021.

The competition program at the National Games mirrors that of the Olympic Games, as only medals for the total achieved are awarded, but not for individual lifts in either the snatch or clean and jerk. Likewise, an athlete failing to register a snatch result cannot advance to the clean and jerk.

International Weightlifting Federation
The International Weightlifting Federation, aka IWF, is the international governing body for the sport of Weightlifting. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, it has 193 affiliated national federations. Mohammed Hasan Jalood has been its president since June 2022.

The IWF organizes the World Weightlifting Championships, as well as world championship events for Youth and Juniors. It also cooperates with the International Olympic Committee in the organization of Weightlifting events at the Olympic Games; however, weightlifting's inclusion in the 2028 Olympics is uncertain, due to doping issues within the sport, and governance issues within IWF, and weightlifting's inclusion is expected to be decided by an IOC meeting in 2023. Weightlifting was scheduled as a sport in the 2024 Olympics but with reduced numbers of athletes and events.

IWF traces its history to the formation of the "Amateur-Athleten-Weltunion" (Amateur Athletes World Union) in 1905.
The Estate (2022 film)
The Estate is a 2022 black comedy film written and directed by Dean Craig. It stars Toni Collette and Anna Faris as sisters who try to get back in the good graces of their estranged aunt before she passes to inherit some of her fortune.  The film was released on November 4, 2022, by Signature Entertainment.

Rosemarie DeWitt
Rosemarie Braddock DeWitt (born October 26, 1971) is an American actress. DeWitt played Emily Lehman in the Fox television series Standoff (2006–07), co-starring with her future husband Ron Livingston. She appeared as Charmaine Craine on United States of Tara. She also was the title character in 2008's Rachel Getting Married, garnering several awards and nominations for best supporting actress. She starred as Ryan Gosling's character Sebastian's sister Laura Wilder in the Oscar-winning movie La La Land. She also starred in the horror/thriller Poltergeist (2015), a remake of the 1982 film of the same name.
Sohian
Sohian is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from sub district headquarter, 54 kilometres (34 mi) from district headquarter and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Sri Hargobindpur
Sri Hargobindpur is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River
Sixth Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji established this city on the land bought by his father and fifth guru, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl.

The Gurudwara Dhamdama Sahib stands at the site of the battle of Hargobindpur fought between Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces in 1630.
Delfina, Łódź Voivodeship
Delfina [dɛlˈfina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemkowice, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Siemkowice, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Pajęczno, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno County
Pajęczno County (Polish: powiat pajęczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies 78 kilometres (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Pajęczno.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445.
Grabow (bodden)
The Grabow (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁaːboː] ⓘ) is a bodden - a lagoon-like waterbody - off the Baltic Sea south of the Zingst and Großer Werder peninsulas and the island group of Kleiner Werder.

It lies on the coast of the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern between Stralsund and Barth and forms the eastern part of the Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain. Its northern part belongs to the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.

There are three hamlets on the shores of the Grabow: Nisdorf und Kinnbackenhagen in the municipality of Groß Mohrdorf and Dabitz in the municipality of Kenz-Küstrow.

The Grabow is a popular fishing lake.

Kenz-Küstrow
Kenz-Küstrow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

During the Middle Ages, Kenz was an important destination of pilgrimages. Barnim VI is buried in Kenz.
Kot Abbas Pura
Kot Abbas Pura is a small village located on the periphery of village Behrwaal (Pattoki) near the thana (police station) at Sarai Mughal (Mughal's Inn). This village has a population of almost 100 people.There has been the classic system of "Punchayat" (informal legal courts) being administered by a Landlord Malik Mumtaz Hussain Awan. This system of punchayat is an ages-old method of delivering speedy and less-expensive justice in South Asia. But with the advent of rapid urbanization, of even small towns in South Asia, the system of formal courts constituted by the state government is replacing this old mode of trial.On the economic side, sugar cane, wheat, rice, cotton, maize and other fruits and vegetables are grown here.

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
David Farrar (blogger)
David Peter Farrar (born 11 September 1967) is a New Zealand political activist, blogger and pollster. He is an infrequent commentator in the media on internet issues. Farrar manages his own market research company, Curia.

Farrar has held many roles within the New Zealand National Party and has worked in Parliament for four National Party leaders.

His blog, Kiwiblog, was the most widely read and commented on New Zealand blog in 2009. Farrar also maintains a presence on social networking sites Facebook and Twitter. In 2007 the National Business Review stated that: "Any realistic 'power list' produced in this country would include either Farrar or his fellow blogger and opinion leader Russell Brown."

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Friedrich Ruttner
Friedrich Ruttner (15 May 1914 – 3 February 1998) was an Austrian SA-member, NSDAP member, SS-physician, neurologist, zoologist and bee expert. He became internationally known for his advances in honey bee breeding, instrumental insemination, classification of various subspecies and as a co-founder of Apidologie.

Melittology
Melittology (from Greek μέλιττα, melitta, "bee"; and -λογία -logia) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of bees. It can also be called apiology or apicology. Melittology covers the species found in the clade Anthophila within the superfamily Apoidea, comprising more than 20,000 species, including bumblebees and honey bees.
Rečica ob Paki
Rečica ob Paki (pronounced [ɾɛˈtʃiːtsa ɔp ˈpaːki]) is a village in the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki in northern Slovenia. It lies on both banks of the Paka River at its confluence with the Savinja south of Šmartno. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki
The Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾtnɔ ɔp ˈpaːki]; Slovene: Občina Šmartno ob Paki) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Šmartno ob Paki. Šmartno ob Paki became a municipality in 1994.
Shock therapy (economics)
In economics, shock therapy is a group of policies intended to be implemented simultaneously in order to liberalize an economy, including liberalization of all prices, privatization, trade liberalization, and stabilization via tight monetary policies and fiscal policies. In the case of post-communist states, it was implemented in order to transition from a planned economy to a market economy. More recently, it has been implemented in Argentina by the administration of Javier Milei.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Bobby Vee Sings Your Favorites
Bobby Vee Sings Your Favorites is the debut album by American singer Bobby Vee, released in September 1960 by Liberty Records. It features his first big hit "Devil or Angel", and a mirror hit "Since I Met You Baby". They peaked at Nos. 6 and 81, respectively, on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the United States.

It contains a dozen ballads, consisting of old standards and newer love songs and providing a good look at popular ballads during that period.

The album was released on compact disc by Beat Goes On in 1999 as tracks 1 through 12 on a pairing of two albums on one CD with tracks 12 through 24 consisting of Vee's 1961 album, Bobby Vee. Reel To Reel labels included this CD in a box set entitled Eight Classic Albums Plus Bonus Singles and was released on October 4, 2019.

Devil or Angel
"Devil or Angel" is a song written by Blanche Carter and originally recorded by the Clovers in 1955, where it went to number four on the US R&B Best Sellers chart. It was re-recorded by John Bailey after he left the Clovers and formed another Clovers group for Lana Records in 1965.
Milliken Creek (California)
Milliken Creek is an 11.9-mile-long (19.2 km) stream in Napa County, California, that is a tributary to the Napa River.  There are approximately 7,300 acres (3,000 ha) in this watershed, of which 90 acres (36 ha) are developed as vineyards.  Milliken Creek rises on the western slopes of the east side of the Napa Valley and flows through the Silverado Country Club property.  Much of this watershed property had once been part of the Mexican land grant Rancho Yajome, which had been granted to General Mariano G. Vallejo.  Most of this watershed was wilderness area to at least 1869, and thereafter the lower watershed was begun to be developed as pasture and grazing agricultural uses.  In a 1989 stream survey by Earth Metrics, the steelhead fishery was found to be robust up to and including the Silverado Country Club.

Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo
Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (July 7, 1807 – January 18, 1890) was a Californio general, statesman, and public figure. He was born a subject of Spain, performed his military duties as an officer of the Republic of Mexico, and shaped the transition of Alta California from a territory of Mexico to the U.S. state of California. He served in the first session of the California State Senate. The city of Vallejo, California, is named after him, and the nearby city of Benicia is named after his wife Francisca Benicia Carrillo.
Hydroxypyruvate isomerase
In enzymology, a hydroxypyruvate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

hydroxypyruvate  2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, hydroxypyruvate, and one product, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase. This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Aldose
An aldose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) with a carbon backbone chain with a carbonyl group on the endmost carbon atom, making it an aldehyde, and hydroxyl groups connected to all the other carbon atoms. Aldoses can be distinguished from ketoses, which have the carbonyl group away from the end of the molecule, and are therefore ketones.
Monarchy of Finland
The nation of Finland has never been an independent sovereign monarchy; no attempt to establish a fully fledged Finnish monarchy has been successful. When it finally became established as a modern independent nation-state, it was – despite a very brief flirtation with monarchy – in the form of a republic.

The only royalty who are buried in Finland are the wife of King Eric XIV of Sweden, Queen Karin Månsdotter, and her daughter Sigrid of Sweden (1566–1633).

Erik XIV
Erik XIV or Eric XIV (13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) became King of Sweden following the death of his father, Gustav I, on 29 September 1560. During a 1568 rebellion against him, Erik was incarcerated by his half-brother John III. He was formally deposed by the Riksdag on 26 January 1569. Erik was also ruler of Estonia, after it placed itself under Swedish protection in 1561.

While Erik has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to insanity. Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the Sture murders.

Erik, having been imprisoned and deposed, was most likely murdered. An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of arsenic poisoning.