hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ángel Aníbal Rosado
Ángel Aníbal Rosado Garcîa (May 4, 1942 – September 10, 2008) was a Peruvian composer and musician.

Rosado was born in the Peruvian highlands but moved to Lima as a child. He started out as a composer of huaynos and criollo music.  He first took on writing cumbias as a challenge and formed Los Hijos del Sol in 1977. Rosado's first hit was "Si Me Quieres", followed by "Cariñito" in 1978.

Rosada's guitarist, Jse Carvallo, went on to form the group Chacalon y la Nueva Crema,  (Taken from the Roots of Chicha liner notes). Rosado's  songs have been recorded by Lucila Campos and Eva Ayllón.

Huayno
Huayno (Waynu in Quechua) is a genre of popular Andean music and dance. It is especially common in Peru, western Bolivia, northwest Argentina and northern Chile, and is popular among the indigenous peoples, especially the Quechua people. The history of Huayno dates back to colonial Peru as a combination of traditional rural folk music and popular urban dance music. High-pitched vocals are accompanied by a variety of instruments, including quena (flute), harp, siku (panpipe), accordion, saxophone, charango, lute, violin, guitar, and mandolin. Some elements of huayno originate in the music of the pre-Columbian Andes, especially on the territory of the former Inca Empire. Huayno utilizes a distinctive rhythm in which the first beat is stressed and followed by two short beats.
Shell Rock Bridge
The Shell Rock Bridge is a historic bridge located in Shell Rock, Iowa, United States. It spans the Shell Rock River for 266 feet (81 m).  On May 11, 1915, the Butler County Board of Supervisors approved contracts for the Waterloo, Iowa bridge contractor Miller-Hey Construction Co. to build three bridges.  This concrete filled spandrel arch bridge was completed in the fall of 1915 for $16,500.  The bridge was designed by the Iowa State Highway Commission.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Shell Rock, Iowa
Shell Rock is a city in Butler County, Iowa, United States, along the Shell Rock River. The population was 1,268 at the time of the 2020 census.   The city is located along the county's eastern border, between Butler and Bremer counties. A post office opened in Shell Rock in 1855.
USS Ingraham (FFG-61)
47°33′17″N 122°39′07″W﻿ / ﻿47.5548404°N 122.6518748°W﻿ / 47.5548404; -122.6518748

USS Ingraham (FFG-61), the last American Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigate to be built, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for Captain Duncan Ingraham (1802–1891).

Captain (United States O-6)
In the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (USPHS Corps), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), captain is the senior-most commissioned officer rank below that of flag officer (i.e., admirals).  The equivalent rank is colonel in the United States Army, Air Force, Space Force, and Marine Corps.

Reflecting its nautical heritage, the term captain is used as a military title by officers of more junior rank who command a commissioned vessel of the Navy, Coast Guard, or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of patrol boat size or greater. Officers below O-6 who command aviation squadrons (typically O-5 commanders) usually use the less formal title "skipper".
Neokochia californica
Neokochia californica (syn. Bassia californica, Kochia californica) is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Camphorosmoideae of the amaranth family known by the common name rusty molly. It is native to the valleys and deserts of southeastern California and adjacent parts of Nevada, where it grows in dry, alkaline soils such as alkali flats and desert washes. This is a perennial herb or small shrub growing one or more sprawling, branching stems to a maximum height near 60 centimetres (24 in). The stems are lined with narrow, elongated, somewhat flattened fleshy leaves up to about a centimeter long. The leaves and stem are coated in grayish or brownish hairs. The inflorescence is made up of one or more tiny hairy flowers sprouting from the axils of the leaves.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
Badr Airlines
Badr Airlines, formerly Sarit Airlines (from 1997 to 2004), is an airline based in Khartoum, Sudan, operating cargo and passenger air services for humanitarian aid missions and chartered VIP flights. Its main base is Khartoum International Airport.

Badr Airlines is a member of Arab Air Carriers' Organization and African Airlines Association. The airline is banned from European Union airspace as it does not fulfil international safety standards similar to all other Sudanese airlines.

Arab Air Carriers' Organization
The Arab Air Carriers' Organization (Arab:الإتحاد العربي للنقل الجوي) is a non-profit organization with 36 member airlines from 19 countries within North Africa and the Middle East and home-based in country members of the Arab League. The countries are Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. It is headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon. The AACO members collectively offer 3,900 daily flights to 430 airports in 122 countries.
Dropsonde
A dropsonde is an expendable weather reconnaissance device created by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), designed to be dropped from an aircraft at altitude over water to measure (and therefore track) storm conditions as the device falls to the surface. The sonde contains a GPS receiver, along with pressure, temperature, and humidity (PTH) sensors to capture atmospheric profiles and thermodynamic data. It typically relays this data to a computer in the aircraft by radio transmission.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Webber Academy
Webber Academy is a non-denominational, co-educational, university preparatory, private school located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Webber Academy offers academics spanning from junior kindergarten through grade 12. It was founded in 1997 by Dr. Neil Webber, a former teacher and professor at Mount Royal University, who also served as an Alberta Cabinet Minister in the Hon. Peter Lougheed and Hon. Don Getty governments.

The campus consists of a junior kindergarten and senior kindergarten facility, a main building with elementary and senior school wings, third floor science centre, two full-size gymnasiums, an outdoor sports court, several playgrounds and a 400-meter running track. The school is situated on a 47-acre campus in southwest Calgary, currently home to 977 students (as of Oct 2016).  Recently, an arts centre was built for the drama and music programmes, and its 500-seat theatre and dressing rooms can be rented out for public events.

Mount Royal University
Mount Royal University (MRU) is a public university in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Originally “Mount Royal College,” Mount Royal University was granted university status in 2009 by the provincial government. The university has an average class size of 30 students and currently offers 13 degrees and 37 majors, in addition to diplomas, post-bachelor certificates and a variety of credit-free programs.
Jay Aston (rugby league)
Jay Aston (born 14 February 1988) is a Papua New Guinea International rugby league footballer who played at the 2008 World Cup and the 2009 Pacific Cup. Primarily playing as a hooker, Aston played for the Melbourne Storm in the National Youth Competition in 2008, before joining the Northern Pride in 2009.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Internal Revenue Code section 3401
Section 3401 (26 U.S.C. § 3401) of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States of America gives the definitions pertaining to Wage Withholding.

These definitions provide guidelines to help IRS employees and Taxpayers in understanding the Internal Revenue Code.

IRS regulation 3401 defines the terms used in regard to wage withholding only.

Tax withholding in the United States
Three key types of withholding tax are imposed at various levels in the United States:

Wage withholding taxes,

Withholding tax on payments to foreign persons, and

Backup withholding on dividends and interest.

The amount of tax withheld is based on the amount of payment subject to tax. Withholding of tax on wages includes income tax, social security and medicare, and a few taxes in some states. Certain minimum amounts of wage income are not subject to income tax withholding. Wage withholding is based on wages actually paid and employee declarations on federal and state Forms W-4. Social Security tax withholding terminates when payments from one employer exceed the maximum wage base during the year.

Amounts withheld by payers (employers or others) must be remitted to the relevant government promptly.  Amounts subject to withholding and taxes withheld are reported to payees and the government annually.
Pain Killer (Iceage song)
"Pain Killer" is a single performed by Danish art punk band, Iceage. The single was the second single released on their fourth studio album, Beyondless. The track has been praised for its jazz influence, featured horns and backing percussion, and its backing guest vocals from American singer, Sky Ferreira.

The single was released on the band's YouTube on 1 March 2018.

Art punk
Art punk is a subgenre of punk rock influenced by art school culture in which artists go beyond the genre's rudimentary three-chord garage rock conventions, incorporating more complex song structures, esoteric influences and a more sophisticated sound and image. While retaining punk's simplicity and rawness, art punk draws more from avant-garde music, literature and abstract art than other punk subgenres, often intersecting with the more experimental branches of the post-punk scene. Subsequently, attracting opposing audiences to that of the angry, working-class ones that surrounded the original punk rock scene.
Una y Otra Vez (Ray Reyes album)
Una y Otra Vez is a studio album by Puerto Rican singer Ray Reyes, a former member of the boy band Menudo, released in 1986 by the record label Rey Records. The album consists of ten tracks divided between sides A and B, with compositions by various writers, including César Noroña, Gari Bribiesca, Ernesto Cardinal, Don Batte, Jeanette Dacosta, Susy D’Pecor, among others, as well as contributions from Ray Reyes himself in lyrics and melodies.

This was Reyes' last solo album. After the release of this album and its predecessor, Minha Música, the artist joined other former Menudo members in projects like Proyecto M and El Reencuentro.

El Reencuentro: 15 Años Después
El reencuentro: 15 años después... is the first live album released by the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo under the Fonovisa Records label. The album was recorded in 1998, during a series of performances held at the Coliseo Roberto Clemente in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The project brings together six former members of the group who were part of its most notable lineups in the 1980s. Comprising 22 tracks, the album features live recordings of songs that marked Menudo's career. Its release solidified the project as an important milestone for fans, revisiting part of the repertoire that contributed to the group's international recognition.

Additionally, the album's production sought to balance elements of the original musical aesthetic with updated technical resources, offering a contemporary interpretation of Menudo's classic material.
Generalized Wiener process
In statistics, a generalized Wiener process (named after Norbert Wiener) is a continuous time random walk with drift and random jumps at every point in time. Formally:

where a and b are deterministic functions, t is a continuous index for time, x is a set of exogenous variables that may change with time, dt is a differential in time, and η is a random draw from a standard normal distribution at each instant.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Mycena purpureofusca
Mycena purpureofusca, commonly known as the purple edge bonnet, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. First described by Charles Horton Peck in 1885, The mushroom is named for the characteristic dark greyish-purple color of its gill edges.

The fruit bodies have conical to bell-shaped purple caps up to 2.5 cm (1 in) set atop slender stipes up to 10 cm (4 in) long. In the field, the mushrooms can usually be distinguished from similar species by characteristics such as the dark purple gill edges, the deep purple cap center, and its cartilagineous consistency.

The species is found in Europe and North America, where it grows on the decaying wood and debris of conifers, including cones. It contains a laccase enzyme that has been investigated scientifically for its potential to detoxify recalcitrant industrial dyes used in textile dyeing and printing processes.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
KazMunaiGas Exploration Production
KazMunayGas Exploration Production JSC (KASE: RDGZ, LSE: KMG) is a KazMunayGas-majority-owned oil and gas company operating in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The company explores for hydrocarbons in Mangistau, Atyrau and Kyzylorda regions of Kazakhstan and is the second largest oil producer in the country based on 2006 annual production data. In line with principles of Kazakh government's strategy in the oil and gas sector, KazMunaiGas Exploration Production has chosen to pursue inorganic growth strategy taking advantage of certain preferential rights that it has secured from KazMunayGas. Recent acquisitions of stakes in KazGerMunai and CITIC Canada Energy Limited, mid-sized oil producers in Kazakhstan, helped its stock return around 111.7% by the end of 2007 from the date of the IPO and listings on London Stock Exchange and Kazakhstan Stock Exchange.

Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1925 to 1927.

The city has a population of 242,462 (2020). It historically developed around the Syr Darya river and was the site of a Kokand fortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020).
The Tornado (1917 film)
The Tornado is a 1917 American short film directed and co-written by John Ford, who at that time was credited as "Jack Ford". Filmed in California, the two-reel Western starred Ford as well, with a supporting cast that included Jean Hathaway, John Duffy, Peter Gerald, Elsie Thornton, and Duke Worne. This short is generally cited by film historians to be Ford's debut film as a director, although he had served as an assistant director in some earlier productions directed by his elder brother Francis Ford. Produced by Bison Motion Pictures and distributed by Universal Pictures, this short is currently classified as a lost film.

Bison Film Company
Bison Film Company, also known as 101 Bison Film Company, was an American film studio established in 1909 and disestablished in 1917.

It partnered with Miller Brothers 101 Ranch to lease 20,000 acres to build a Western town set and an Indian village and make silent films with stars including Tom Mix, Buck Jones, Hoot Gibson and Will Rogers. It produced The Indian Massacre (1912), by Thomas H. Ince.

In 1912 it also produced The Indian Raiders, Early Days in the West, Hunted Down, A Daughter of the Redskins, The Cowboy Guardians, The Tribal Law, An Indian Outcast; in 1913 it produced In Love and War, Woman and War; and in 1915 Lone Larry, starring Kingsley Benedict.
Beatriz Merino
Martha Beatriz Merino Lucero (born November 15, 1947) is a Peruvian lawyer, academic and politician who served as the first female Prime Minister of Peru, in 2003. She previously served as Senator and Congresswoman from 1990 until 2000. Following her tenure in Alejandro Toledo's cabinet, Merino was appointed by the Peruvian Congress as the national ombudswoman for Peru, serving from 2005 to 2011, a position officially known as the Public Defender, being the second to hold the position.

Prominently a female leading persona in Peru, Merino is currently a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally, for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.

Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations
The Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (Spanish: Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables, MIMP) of Peru is the government ministry in charge of national policy regarding women and vulnerable populations. Its headquarters are located in Lima, Peru.

It is the only ministry in the country's government whose office is exclusive to women. As of 2025, the minister is Fanny Montellanos.
Aditi Kapil
Aditi Brennan Kapil is an American playwright and screenwriter.

Kapil has had plays commissioned from Yale Repertory Theatre (Imogen Says Nothing), La Jolla Playhouse (Brahman/i), South Coast Repertory Theatre (Orange), Mixed Blood Theatre (The Displaced Hindu Gods Trilogy, Agnes Under the Big Top, and Love Person),  and the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (translating Measure for Measure with dramaturg Liz Engelman and an American Revolutions commission). She is a Mellon Playwright-in-Residence at Mixed Blood Theatre, an artistic associate at Park Square Theatre, a Core Writer at The Playwrights' Center, and a Resident Writer at New Dramatists.

Yale Repertory Theatre
Yale Repertory Theatre at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut was founded by Robert Brustein, dean of Yale School of Drama, in 1966, with the goal of facilitating a meaningful collaboration between theatre professionals and talented students. In the process it has become one of the first distinguished regional theatres. Located at the edge of Yale's main downtown campus, it occupies the former Calvary Baptist Church.
Parmouti 25
Parmouti 24 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 26

The twenty-fifth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 20, of the Julian calendar, and May 3, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of the Emergence.

Season of the Emergence
The Season of the Emergence (Ancient Egyptian: Prt) was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Inundation (Ꜣḫt) and before the Season of the Harvest (Šmw). In the Coptic and Egyptian calendars this season begins at the start of the month of Tobi (about 9 January), continues through the months of Meshir and Paremhat, before concluding at the end of Parmouti (about 8 May).: 453
Yang di-Pertua Negeri
The Governor, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا نݢري‎, lit. 'He Who is Made Head of the State') is the constitutional head of the four Malaysian states without a ruler, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This is in contrast with the ruler (Malay: Raja), who serves as the constitutional monarch and head of state in the nine Malay states. These rulers are the Sultans of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.

Sultan of Kelantan
The Sultan of Kelantan (Malay: Sultan Kelantan, Jawi: سلطان كلنتن) is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He was the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the monarch and head of state of Malaysia from 13 December 2016 to his abdication on 6 January 2019, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243rd (special) Conference of Rulers.
La Rue-Saint-Pierre, Seine-Maritime
La Rue-Saint-Pierre (French pronunciation: [la ʁy sɛ̃ pjɛʁ]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. It belongs to the Arrondissement of Rouen and the Canton of Le Mesnil-Esnard (until 2015 Canton of Clères). The inhabitants are called Bocassiens .

Arrondissement of Rouen
The Arrondissement of Rouen is an arrondissement of France in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region. It has 216 communes. Its population is 639,363 (2021), and its area is 1,936.2 km2 (747.6 sq mi).