hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
State Highway 248 (Maharashtra)
Maharashtra State Highway 248 is a State highway that runs from Nagpur in north west direction through Nagpur, and touches Warud north east of Amravati districts in the state of Maharashtra.  This state highway touches numerous cities and villages VIZ. Nagpur, Kalmeshwar, Katol, Jalalkheda and Warud.

State highways in India
In India, this is the network of roads maintained by the state governments. These roads are constructed and managed by the states' Public Works Department. The state highways are usually roads that link important cities, towns and district headquarters within the state and connect them with National Highways or state highways of neighbouring states.

As of 31 March 2016, the total length of state highways was 176,166 km. As of 31 March 2016, Maharashtra had the largest share in the total length of SH roads (22.14%), followed by Karnataka (11.11%), Gujarat (9.76%), Rajasthan (8.62%) and Tamil Nadu (6.67%).
Wrather
Wrather is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jack Wrather (1918–1984), American businessman and television producer

Jonathan Wrather (born 1969), English actor

William Embry Wrather (1883–1963), American geologist

Ben Wrather (born 2001), American football player

William Embry Wrather
William Embry Wrather (January 20, 1883 – November 28, 1963) was an American petroleum and economic geologist who served in various administrative roles including as the sixth director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). He was awarded the John Fritz Medal in 1954.
Mississippi River Delta
The Mississippi River Delta is the confluence of the Mississippi River with the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana, southeastern United States. The river delta is a three-million-acre (4,700 mi2; 12,000 km2) area of land that stretches from Vermilion Bay on the west, to the Chandeleur Islands in the east, on Louisiana's southeastern coast. It is part of the Gulf of Mexico and the Louisiana coastal plain, one of the largest areas of coastal wetlands in the United States. The Mississippi River Delta is the seventh-largest river delta on Earth (USGS) and is an important coastal region for the United States, containing more than 2.7 million acres (4,200 sq mi; 11,000 km2) of coastal wetlands and 37% of the estuarine marsh in the conterminous U.S. The coastal area is the nation's largest drainage basin and drains about 41% of the contiguous United States into the Gulf of Mexico at an average rate of 470,000 cubic feet per second (3,500,000 US gal/s; 13,000 m3/s).

France in the early modern period
During the early modern period, from the Renaissance (c. 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), the Kingdom of France was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch). This corresponds to the so-called Ancien Régime ("old rule"). The territory of France during this period increased until it included essentially the extent of the modern country, and it also included the territories of the first French colonial empire overseas.

The period is dominated by the figure of the "Sun King", Louis XIV (his reign of 1643–1715 being one of the longest in history), who managed to eliminate the remnants of medieval feudalism and established a centralized state under an absolute monarch, a system that would endure until the French Revolution and beyond.
Kartano
Kartano is the 2nd district of the city of Lahti, in the region of Päijät-Häme, Finland. It borders the districts of Niemi in the north, Kiveriö in the east, Keski-Lahti in the south, Salpausselkä in the southwest and Jalkaranta in the west.

The district takes its name from the Fellman Manor; the Finnish word kartano directly translates to "manor" in English.

The population of the statistical district of Kartano was 5,614 in 2019.

Päijät-Häme
Päijät-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpæi̯j(ː)æt̪ˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Päijänne-Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions of Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, South Savo and Kymenlaakso. The biggest city in the region is Lahti.

Päijät-Häme boasts a landscape shaped by two key features. Finland's second-largest, Lake Päijänne, dominates the region, offering a vast freshwater expanse and a vital transportation route. The Salpausselkä ridge, a glacial remnant, adds a touch of elevation and scenic variation. Beyond these, Päijät-Häme features extensive coniferous forests. Rolling hills provide scenic views, while numerous smaller lakes and rivers create a network of waterways.
San Pedro Nopala
San Pedro Nopala is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico.  
It is part of the Teposcolula District in the center of the Mixteca Region.
The name Nopala means "Where prickly pear cactus is abundant".

Mixteca Region
The Mixteca Region is a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the broader La Mixteca area which covers parts of the states of Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
The region includes the districts of Juxtlahuaca, Silacayoapam, Huajuapan, Coixtlahuaca, Teposcolula, Tlaxiaco and Nochixtlán. The largest cities are Huajuapan and Tlaxiaco.
According to the 2020 census the region had 452,429 people over the age of five, of which 227,680 spoke Mixteco.
Kenabeek
Kenabeek (/ˈkɛnəˌbɛk/ KEN-ə-bek) is a locality and unincorporated community in geographic Henwood Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is located on Ontario Highway 65, approximately halfway between Elk Lake and New Liskeard.

Unorganized West Timiskaming District
Unorganized West Timiskaming District is an unorganized area in the Canadian province of Ontario, comprising almost all portions of the Timiskaming District which are not organized into incorporated municipalities.

The division encompasses 10,199.80 square kilometres (3,938.16 sq mi), and had a population of 3,210 in the 2021 Canadian census.
Georgina Leonidas
Georgina Leonidas (born 28 February 1990) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Molly in the CBBC series The Basil Brush Show (2002–2007) and Katie Bell in the Harry Potter film series (2009–2011).

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Ciglence
Ciglence (pronounced [tsiˈɡleːntsɛ], German: Ziglenzen) is a settlement in the Municipality of Duplek in northeastern Slovenia. It lies on the southwestern edge of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice), southeast of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

The village chapel-shrine with a small belfry dates to the early 20th century. There are two other small roadside chapel-shrines in the settlement. One dates to the first half of the 19th century and the second to the late 19th century.

Municipality of Duplek
The Municipality of Duplek (pronounced [ˈduːplɛk]; Slovene: Občina Duplek) is a small municipality in northeastern Slovenia. Its seat is Spodnji Duplek. The municipality lies on the left bank of the Drava River on the northwestern edge of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice), about 10 km southeast of Maribor. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
Millner (surname)
Millner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Millner (born 1938), English cricketer

Denene Millner (born 1968), American author and journalist

F. Ann Millner, American educator

Guy Millner (born 1936), American businessman

James Millner (doctor) (1830–1875), early Australian doctor and pioneer

Jim Millner AM (1919–2007), pharmacist and Australian corporate executive

John J. Millner (born 1951), American politician

Joshua Millner (1849–1931), British sport shooter

Robert Millner (born 1950), Australian corporate executive

Setric Millner Jr. (born 2000), American basketball player

Tivadar Millner (1899–1988), Hungarian inventor

Wayne Millner (1913–1976), American football player

Madlyn Millner Kahr (née Millner; 1913–2004), American art historian, and educator

Tivadar Millner
Tivadar Millner (7 March 1899 – 28 October 1988)
was a Hungarian chemical engineer, educator, and inventor who developed tungsten lamps.
Working at Tungsram, Millner, along with Pál Túry,
co-developed large-crystal tungsten technology for the production of more reliable and longer-lasting coiled filament lamps.

In 1923 at Tungsram Ltd., a research laboratory was established for improving light sources, mainly electric bulbs.
The head of that laboratory was Ignácz Pfeiffer (1867-1941), whose research staff included Millner, along with Zoltán Bay (1900-1992), Imre Bródy (1891-1944), György Szigeti (1905-1978), and Ernő Winter (1897-1971).
H. E. Tester
Henry E. Tester (1905 – 31 January 1986) was a Danish chemist and philatelist who, in 1982, with Sigurd Ringström, was awarded the Crawford Medal by the Royal Philatelic Society London for parts I and II of The private ship letter stamps of the world.

In his Will, Henry Tester donated three philatelic medals to the Royal Philatelic Society, his own Crawford Medal, his Amphilex 1977 Silver-Gilt medal and his 1982 Stampex Gold Medal.

Crawford Medal
See also Crawford Award for fantasy novels.
See also Max Crawford Medal Australian academic award.

The Crawford Medal is a vermeil medal awarded by the Royal Philatelic Society London for the most valuable and original contribution to the study and knowledge of philately published in book form during the relevant period.

The medal is named after James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, who by the time of his death in 1913 had amassed the greatest philatelic library of his time.
Sinop
Sinop can refer to:

Sinop, Turkey, a city on the Black Sea
Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, was planned in 2013, but cancelled in 2018
Battle of Sinop, 1853 naval battle in the Sinop port
Russian ship Sinop, Russian ships named after the battle

Sinop Province, the province in Turkey of which the above city is the capital
Sinop District, the province's capital district
Sinop (electoral district), the province's electoral district

Sinop, Mato Grosso, a city in Mato Grosso state, Brazil

Sinop (grasshopper), a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae

Sinop (crater), a small crater on Mars

Russian ship Sinop
At least two ships of the Imperial Russian Navy have been named Sinop after the 1853 Russian victory at the Battle of Sinop.

Russian ship of the line Sinop 135-gun, steam-powered, first-rate ship of the line built during the 1850s and stricken in 1874.

Russian battleship Sinop - Ekaterina II-class battleship built during the 1880s and scrapped by the Soviets in 1922.
Plata Basin Financial Development Fund
FONPLATA Development Bank, formerly known as Río de la Plata Basin Financial Development Fund, is a multilateral financial entity formed by the five countries of this South America sub-region: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Río de la Plata Basin
The Río de la Plata basin (Spanish: Cuenca del Plata, Portuguese: Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the 3,170,000-square-kilometre (1,220,000 sq mi) hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata. It includes areas of southeastern Bolivia, southern and central Brazil, the entire country of Paraguay, most of Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Making up about one fourth of the continent's surface, it is the second largest drainage basin in South America (after the Amazon basin) and one of the largest in the world.

The main rivers of the La Plata basin are the Paraná River, the Paraguay River (the Paraná's main tributary), and the Uruguay River.
Heritage High School (Blount County, Tennessee)
Heritage High School is a public high school located approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) outside the city of Maryville, in Blount County, Tennessee, USA, which opened in 1977. It was created through the consolidation of four community high schools (Townsend, Walland, Porter and Everett) into a comprehensive high school.

Heritage High School is one of two secondary schools operated by Blount County Schools. Two other public high schools in Blount County that are operated by the cities of Maryville and Alcoa.

The school provides education primarily to students from Townsend, Walland, Louisville, Rockford and Alcoa communities.

In the 2009–2010 school year, the student population at Heritage was  94.62% White, 2.84% Latino, 1.87% African-American, 0.06% Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islander, and 0.42% Asian.

Townsend, Tennessee
Townsend is a city in Blount County, Tennessee. The city was chartered in 1921 by persons who were involved with the Little River Railroad and Lumber Company. The population was 550 at the 2020 census. For thousands of years a site of Native American occupation by varying cultures, Townsend is one of three "gateways" to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It has several museums and attractions relating to the natural and human history of the Great Smokies.
Cusickiella
Cusickiella is a small genus containing two species of plants in the family Brassicaceae which are native to the western United States. These are mat-forming perennials with a stumpy, branching caudex covered in rounded clusters of tiny, thick leaves. A short stem bears white or yellowish flowers that yield silicles.

The alkali cusickiella, Cusickiella douglasii, grows in the hills and mountains from California to Washington, Idaho, and Utah. It has white flowers and usually larger leaves, up to 14 millimeters long.

The Bodie Hills cusickiella, Cusickiella quadricostata, has a more limited distribution in eastern California and western Nevada. It can be distinguished from its congener by its yellow flowers, leaves no more than 5 millimeters long, and a keel along the valves on the silicle.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Lieb's square ice constant
Lieb's square ice constant is a mathematical constant used in the field of combinatorics to approximately count Eulerian orientations of grid graphs. It was introduced by Elliott H. Lieb in 1967. It is called the square ice constant because the orientations that it counts arise in statistical mechanics of crystalline structures as the states of an ice-type model on a square grid.

The value of Lieb's square ice constant is  Based on this, the number of Eulerian orientations of an  grid is  where the  term, an instance of little o notation, hides parts of the formula that tend to zero in the limit as  grows.

Lattice graph
In graph theory, a lattice graph, mesh graph, or grid graph is a graph whose drawing, embedded in some Euclidean space ⁠⁠, forms a regular tiling. This implies that the group of bijective transformations that send the graph to itself is a lattice in the group-theoretical sense.

Typically, no clear distinction is made between such a graph in the more abstract sense of graph theory, and its drawing in space (often the plane or 3D space). This type of graph may more shortly be called just a lattice, mesh, or grid. Moreover, these terms are also commonly used for a finite section of the infinite graph, as in "an 8 × 8 square grid".

The term lattice graph has also been given in the literature to various other kinds of graphs with some regular structure, such as the Cartesian product of a number of complete graphs.
The Coldest Winter in Peking
The Coldest Winter in Peking is a 1981 Taiwanese drama film directed by Pai Ching-jui, set in the Chinese capital Peking (Beijing) during the Cultural Revolution. The film is strongly anti-communist and was banned not only in mainland China but also in British Hong Kong.

George Wang (actor)
George Wang Jie (Chinese: 王玨; pinyin: Wáng Jué, born Wang Chun-yang Chinese: 王春陽; pinyin: Wáng Chūnyáng, 12 November 1918 – 27 March 2015) was a Taiwanese actor and film producer. After a beginning his career in Mainland China during the Republican era, he was an important figure in the early development of Taiwanese and Hong Kong cinema, but came to the attention of international audiences for his appearances in a multitude of Italian films during the 1960s and '70s.
Basanagouda Daddal
Basanagouda Daddal (born 4 April 1972) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Raichur Rural Assembly constituency which is reserved for ST community in Raichur district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election.

Basanagouda Daddal was appointed Chairperson for Scheduled Tribes Development Corporation on 26 January 2024.

Raichur district
Raichur district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east.
2025 TF
2025 TF, previously known as C15KM95, is a meter-sized near-Earth asteroid that passed 409 ± 14 km (254 ± 9 mi) over the surface of Earth's South Pole (Antarctica) on 1 October 2025 00:49 UTC, at a relative speed of 20.9 km/s (13.0 mi/s). It is the third-closest asteroid flyby of Earth recorded as of 2025, after 2025 UC11 and 2020 VT4. 2025 TF was discovered on 1 October 2025 06:36 UTC by astronomers using the Bok Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, less than 6 hours after the asteroid's closest approach to Earth.

Bok Telescope
The Bok Telescope (also known as the 90-inch) is the largest telescope operated solely by Steward Observatory. It finds much use from astronomers from University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University, with instruments capable of both imaging and spectroscopy. The telescope operates year-round, except during the August summer-shutdown when maintenance is performed while the weather is poor (Arizona's monsoon season lasts from roughly July through August).
Carl Oscar Malm
Carl Oscar Malm, also known as C. O. Malm and Carl Oskar Malm (12 February 1826 – 8 June 1863) was Finland's first teacher of the deaf, founder of the first school for the deaf in the country, and the father of Finnish Sign Language.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Adaina bipunctatus
Adaina bipunctatus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the United States (including Florida and Mississippi), the Caribbean (Trinidad, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe) and South America (Brazil and Ecuador).

The wingspan is 9–11.5 mm. Adults are entirely pale yellowish white, although the head is touched with pale brownish above and on the front. The forewings have a few brown scales and several brown spots. The fringes are slightly tinged with grey, as are the hindwings and their fringes.

Adults are on wing from January to May, August and December; in Florida they have been recorded from the end of March to the end of June and again from mid-August to mid-December.

The larvae feed on Conoclinium coelestinum, Carphephorus paniculatus, Carphephorus odoratissimus, Pluchea rosea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and many others.

Eupatorium cannabinum
Eupatorium cannabinum, commonly known as hemp-agrimony, is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a robust perennial native to Europe, Northwestern Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, the Caucasus and Central Asia, and grows in damp to wet habitats (also rarely on dry soils), usually in lowlands but known up to 410 m altitude in Britain. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant and occasionally found as a garden escape in scattered locations in China, the United States and Canada. It is extremely attractive to butterflies, much like buddleia.

If the genus Eupatorium is defined in a restricted sense (about 42 species), E. cannabinum is the only species of that genus native to Europe, with the remainder in Asia or North America.
Gary Talpas
Gary Talpas is an American art director and photographer. Talpas worked as designer and art director for Nine Inch Nails on Pretty Hate Machine, "Head Like A Hole", The Downward Spiral and Further Down the Spiral. He also played keyboards for several early shows during the Pretty Hate Machine tour after Chris Vrenna switched to drums.

Talpas  would later develop artwork for Smells Like Children for Marilyn Manson.

Chris Vrenna
Chris Vrenna (born February 23, 1967) is an American musician, producer, engineer, remixer, programmer, and founder of the electronic band Tweaker. Vrenna played drums for the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from 1988 until 1996, and was the keyboardist and drummer of the American rock band Marilyn Manson from 2004 until late 2011.

As a member of Nine Inch Nails, Vrenna was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2020.
Kirdar
Kirdar (from Persian: کردار, "deed") is a surname.

It originally refers to the prominent Iraqi Turkmen Kirdar family, from the city of Kirkuk.

Notable people with the surname are as follows:

Birkan Kirdar (born 2002), Australian association football player

Gökhan Kırdar (born 1970), Turkish musician

Gözde Kırdar (born 1985), Turkish female volleyball player

Lütfi Kırdar (1887–1961), Turkish politician

Nemir Kirdar (1936–2020), Iraqi businessman

Özge Kırdar (born 1985), Turkish female volleyballer

Rena Kirdar Sindi (born 1969), Iraqi author

Üner Kirdar (born 1933), Turkish author and United Nations official

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.