hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amalgamation of Toronto
The amalgamation of Toronto was the creation of the city limits of Toronto, Ontario, Canada after amalgamating, annexing, and merging with surrounding municipalities since the 18th century. The most recent occurrence of amalgamation was in 1998, which dissolved the federation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituent municipalities, and created the current "megacity" of Toronto.

City limits
A city limit is a border of a city. The term is often used as the plural city limits, for the entire boundary. The area within city limits can be called the city proper. Related are the corporate limits (or corporation limits) of a city, which define the jurisdiction of its municipal corporation. In some countries, city limits can be expanded through municipal annexation.
Wallace Douglas
Wallace Stuart Finlayson (15 August 1911 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada – 8 August 1990 Coldwaltham, West Sussex, England), known as Wallace Douglas, was a Canadian producer, director and actor.

He married four times, to Pamela Frost, Anne Crawford, Phillippa Avril Kennedy and Peggy Chester.

Douglas was a second lieutenant in the 60th Rifles during the Second World War and was declared missing in action at Calais in 1940. He was later reported to be a prisoner.

King's Royal Rifle Corps
The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United States as 'The French and Indian War.' Subsequently numbered the 60th Regiment of Foot, the regiment served for more than 200 years throughout the British Empire. In 1958, the regiment joined the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and the Rifle Brigade in the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1966 the three regiments were formally amalgamated to become the Royal Green Jackets. The KRRC became the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. On the disbandment of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992, the RGJ's KRRC battalion was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, eventually becoming 2nd Battalion, The Rifles in 2007.
Williamsville Covered Bridge
The Williamsville Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Dover Road over the Rock River in Newfane, Vermont.  Probably built in the 1870s, this Town lattice truss bridge is probably the oldest covered bridge in Windham County, and is the only one surviving in the town of Newfane.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Lambom Island
Lambom Island or Lambon or Lumbom, also known as Wallis Island, and Île aux Marteaux, is an island off the south-western corner of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, off Lambom. On the other side of the Cape St. George peninsula is Lanisso Bay.

The island was visited by Philip Carteret in June 1767, on his round-the-world voyage in Swallow. He named it Wallis Island, after Samuel Wallis. Wallis had set out with him in Dolphin, but the two ships were separated in a storm after passing through the Strait of Magellan.

In July the following year the expedition of Louis Antoine de Bougainville arrived. He named the island Île aux Marteaux, "Hammer Island" after a species of Malleus, the hammer shell or hammer oyster found there, which was not often found in European collections.

Philip Carteret
Rear-Admiral Philip Carteret, Seigneur of Trinity (22 January 1733 – 21 July 1796) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who participated in two of the British navy's circumnavigation expeditions in 1764–66 and 1766–69.
Kuahuqiao site
The Kuahuqiao site (Chinese: 跨湖桥遗址; pinyin: Kuahuqiao yizhi) is an early Neolithic site of Kuahuqiao culture (跨湖桥文化 Kuahuqiao Wenhua) near Xianghu village, Xiaoshan District, in suburban Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It was first discovered in the early 1970s during the construction of a local brick factory, which destroyed a large part of the site, though professional excavations first started in 1990.

The site is located near the place where the Qiantang River flows into Hangzhou Bay, and it has a history of 8,000 years. Rising sea levels may have suddenly deluged the area around 7,550 years ago.

Qiantang River
The Qiantang River, formerly known as the Hangchow River or Tsientang River, is a river in East China. An important commercial artery, it runs for 459 kilometers (285 mi) through Zhejiang, passing through the provincial capital Hangzhou before flowing into the East China Sea via Hangzhou Bay south of Shanghai. Its original name, the "Zhe River" or "Zhe Jiang", is the origin of the name of Zhejiang province. The river is also known, along with Hangzhou Bay, for having what is called by locals as the "Silver Dragon",  the world's largest tidal bore, a phenomenon where the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) that can rise to a height of 9 meters (30 ft) and travels up the river or narrow bay at top speeds of 40 km/h (25 mph; 11 m/s) against the direction of the river or bay's current, and can be seen from miles away.
NGC 708
NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

NGC 708 is surrounded by 4,700 globular clusters.

Type-cD galaxy
The type-cD galaxy (also cD-type galaxy, cD galaxy) is a galaxy morphology classification, a subtype of type-D giant elliptical galaxy. Characterized by a large halo of stars, they can be found near the centres of some rich galaxy clusters. They are also known as supergiant ellipticals or central dominant galaxies.
Moravia–Ostrava offensive
The Moravia–Ostrava offensive operation (Russian: Моравско-Остравская наступательная операция) was an offensive by the Red Army during World War II that lasted from March 10 to May 6, 1945, and was the Soviet conquest of present-day Eastern Czech Republic (Moravia also part of Polish and Czech Silesia). Bohuslav Křenek

Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia (Czech: České Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Czeski) is a part of the historical region of Silesia now in the Czech Republic. While it currently has no formal boundaries, in a narrow geographic sense, it encompasses most or all of the territory of the Czech Republic within the Oder River's drainage basin. Together with Bohemia and Moravia, it is one of the three historical Czech lands.

Silesia lies in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in the Moravian-Silesian Region, with a section in the northern Olomouc Region. It is almost identical in extent with Austrian Silesia (also known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia), before 1918; between 1938 and 1945, part of the area was also known as Sudeten Silesia (German: Sudetenschlesien; Czech: Sudetské Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Sudecki.
2025 French Open
The 2025 French Open was a major tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts and  held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 25 May to 8 June 2025, comprising singles, doubles, mixed doubles play, junior and wheelchair tournaments.

Carlos Alcaraz defended his title in men's singles by defeating world No. 1 Jannik Sinner in the final, which lasted five hours and twenty nine minutes, the longest final in the tournament's history. It was his second French Open title and fifth major. Coco Gauff defeated the world No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka in the women's singles to win her first French Open and second major title. Iga Świątek was the three-time defending champion but lost to Sabalenka in the semifinals.

It was the 124th edition of the French Open and the second major tournament of 2025. The main singles draws included 16 qualifiers for men and 16 for women out of 128 players in each draw.

Yui Kamiji
Yui Kamiji (上地 結衣, Kamiji Yui; born 24 April 1994 in Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture) is a Japanese professional wheelchair tennis player. She has won 33 major titles, as well as a Paralympic silver and bronze medal in singles and doubles, respectively, at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. She would later win gold in both at the 2024 Paris Paralympics. She also won a bronze medal in singles at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.

Partnering Jordanne Whiley, Kamiji achieved the Grand Slam in doubles in 2014, and also won the Wheelchair Tennis Masters in doubles. Kamiji is currently managed by Avex Group under its Avex Challenged Athletes program.
Historical editions (music)
Historical editions form part of a category of printed music, which generally consists of classical music and opera from a past repertory, where the term can apply to several different types of published music.  However, it is principally applied to one of three types of music of this sort:

Scholarly or critical editions are music editions in which careful scholarship has been employed to ensure that the music contained within is as close to the composer's original intentions as possible. Such editions are sometimes called urtext editions.

Collected Works or Complete Works, generally in multi-volume sets, are devoted to a particular composer or to a particular musical repertory.  This is sometimes referred to in German as  Gesamtausgabe when containing the works of one particular composer.

Monuments or Monumental Editions (or the German Denkmäler) when containing a repertory defined by geography, time period, or musical genre.

Breitkopf & Härtel
Breitkopf & Härtel (German pronunciation: [ˈbraɪtkɔpf ʔʊnt ˈhɛrtəl]) is a German music publishing house. Founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, it is the world's oldest music publisher.
Bwrdd Arthur
Bwrdd Arthur (Welsh for 'Arthur's Table'), also known as Din Sylwy, is a 164-metre (538 ft) flat-topped limestone hill on the island of Anglesey, in Wales. Located on the eastern end of Red Wharf Bay, some 3 kilometres north west of Llangoed, it is noteworthy from the evidence of pre-historic occupation and as a Site of Special Scientific Interest designated for its botanical interest.

The tiny medieval church of St Michael is on the eastern side of the hill fort.

Red Wharf Bay
Red Wharf Bay, also known as Traeth Coch (Welsh for "red beach"), is a village and a sandy bay in Anglesey, Wales. The bay lies between the villages of Pentraeth and Benllech. It is also close to Castell Mawr Rock, thought to be the site of an Iron Age fort.
St John the Evangelist's Church, Courtmacsherry
St John the Evangelist's Church is a small Gothic Revival Anglican church located in Courtmacsherry, County Cork, Ireland. Originally used as a school building, it was built in 1830. It is dedicated to John the Evangelist. It is part of the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

Revd Kingsley Sutton is the rector.

Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
The Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, also referred to as the United Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, is a diocese in the Church of Ireland. The diocese is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin.  It is the see of the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, the result of a combination of the bishoprics of Cork and Cloyne and Ross in 1583, the separation of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1660, and the re-combination of Cork and Ross and Cloyne in 1835.
Blacktail (video game)
Blacktail is a 2022 first-person shooter developed by Polish studio The Parasight and published by Focus Entertainment. It was released for Windows, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S on 15 December 2022. In the game, players take control of a girl named Yaga, as she attempts to hunt down memories of her past that have come to life as spirits. The game received generally positive reviews on release.

Focus Entertainment
Focus Entertainment (formerly Focus Home Interactive, also known as Focus Entertainment Publishing) is a French video game publisher based in Paris. It is a subsidiary of PulluP Entertainment Group. Founded in 1996, Focus has published and distributed original titles such as Sherlock Holmes, TrackMania, Runaway, and sports games like Cycling Manager and Virtual Skipper.
2021 Pakistan Super League final
The 2021 Pakistan Super League Final was a Twenty20 cricket match played on 24 June 2021 at the Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates between Multan Sultans and Peshawar Zalmi to determine the winner of the 2021 Pakistan Super League (PSL).

Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium
The Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium (Arabic: ملعب زايد للكريكت) is a cricket ground located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The $23 million stadium, built by Concor, opened in May 2004, with its inaugural first-class match being an Intercontinental Cup fixture between Scotland and Kenya in November of that year. The stadium was one of the dedicated venues for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

The stadium has a large stand at either end, with the areas square of the wicket offering grass banks for additional seating. It can hold 20,000 people.
Verbatim (magazine)
Verbatim: The Language Quarterly was a literary magazine aimed at reporting language and linguistic issues for non-specialist readers. It was established in 1974. These matters are announced in the magazine's advertised slogan: "Language and linguistics for the layperson since 1974". The founding editor was Laurence Urdang and the final editor was Erin McKean. Verbatim was administered from Chicago, with a British office in Chearsley, Buckinghamshire. Until the end of the 1980s, it was distributed in the United States and Canada by the independent publisher Stein & Day.

Chearsley
Chearsley is a village and civil parish within the Buckinghamshire district in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated about seven miles south west of Aylesbury, and about four miles north of Thame, in Oxfordshire.
Farley Mowat (ship)
Two Sea Shepherd vessels have been named Farley Mowat, after the Canadian writer and environmentalist:

RV Farley Mowat, a former fisheries research vessel, operated 1996–2008

MY Farley Mowat, a former US Coast Guard patrol boat, acquired in 2016

MY Farley Mowat
MY Farley Mowat  (formerly USCGC Pea Island (WPB-1347)) was a cutter owned and operated by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. She was used in their direct action campaigns against whaling and against illegal fisheries activities.

In January 2015, Sea Shepherd purchased two decommissioned Island-class patrol boats from the United States Coast Guard, capable of a top speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph).  They were USCGC Block Island and USCGC Pea Island, and were renamed MY Jules Verne and MY Farley Mowat, respectively. The Jules Verne was later renamed the MV John Paul DeJoria after Sea Shepherd supporter John Paul DeJoria. They were joined by another ex-USCG island class cutter in December 2017, the MV Sharpie. The MY Farley Mowat served in the Sea Shepherd's Operation Milagro alongside the MY Sam Simon, MV White Holly and MV Sharpie
Jai Parkash Dalal
Jai Parkash Dalal is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly from Loharu in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served as the Agriculture, Farmer Welfare, Animal husbandry, Fisheries and Law and Legislature Minister from 2019 to 13 March 2024. Thereafter he served as the Finance Minister along with the portfolio of Town and Country Planning and Estates. In the 2024 Assembly elections, Rajbir Singh Fartia defeated Dalal from Loharu constituency. He contested assembly elections in 2009 independently by gaining support from Kiran Chaudhary, however he lost by a small margin of votes. He joined BJP in 2014, and served many positions in party such as State Vice President, Incharge of BJP Kisan Cell, and Jind District Incharge.

2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Haryana on 21 October 2019 to elect all 90 members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly. The final voter turnout was recorded at 68.20%. The results were announced on 24 October 2019.

The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the single largest party and formed the government in a post-poll alliance with the Jannayak Janta Party and seven Independent MLAs. BJP's Manohar Lal Khattar and JJP President Dushyant Chautala were sworn in as Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister respectively of the BJP-JJP alliance government.

In the previous election in 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party had won a majority and ended the 10-year rule of the Congress government in the state and Manohar Lal Khattar became the Chief Minister.
John Shea Jr.
John F. Shea Jr. (September 11, 1928 – May 10, 2013) was an American businessman, jurist, and politician.

Born in Manchester, Connecticut, Shea graduated from Providence College. He then received his law degree from University of Connecticut School of Law and practiced law in Manchester, Connecticut. He served in the Connecticut House of Representatives 1961-1962 as a Republican. In 1973, Shea was appointed Connecticut Superior Court judge serving until 1980 when he resigned to work for Aetna Life and Casualty.

Providence College
Providence College is a private Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1917 by the Dominican Order and the Diocese of Providence, it offers 47 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate programs.

The college requires all of its undergraduate students to complete 16 credits in the Development of Western Civilization, a major part of the college's core curriculum. In the spring of 2021, it enrolled 4,128 undergraduate students and 688 graduate students for a total enrollment of 4,816 students. In athletics, Providence College competes in NCAA Division I, and is a founding member of the original Big East Conference and Hockey East. It was part of the original six other basketball-centric Catholic colleges which broke off from the original Big East (today's American Athletic Conference) to form the current Big East at the start of the 2013–14 academic year.
Hagerstown Suns
The Hagerstown Suns were a Minor League Baseball team based in Hagerstown, Maryland. They were a member of the South Atlantic League and, from 2007 through 2020, were the Class A affiliate of the Washington Nationals. They played their home games at Municipal Stadium which was opened in 1930 and seated 4,600 people. The team mascot was Woolie, a giant woolly bear caterpillar.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Entertainment law
Entertainment law, also known as media law, encompasses legal services provided to the entertainment industry. These services often overlap with intellectual property law, which includes key components such as trademarks, copyright, and the right of publicity. However, the practice of entertainment law frequently extends into other legal areas including employment law, contract law, torts, labor law, bankruptcy law, immigration, securities law, security interests, agency, right of privacy, defamation, advertising, criminal law, tax law, International law (especially private international law), and insurance law.

Much of the work of an entertainment law practice is transaction based, i.e., drafting contracts, negotiation and mediation. Some situations may lead to litigation or arbitration.

Legal practice
Legal practice is sometimes used to distinguish the body of judicial or administrative precedents, rules, policies, customs, and doctrines from legislative enactments such as statutes and constitutions which might be called "laws" in the strict sense of being commands to the general public, rather than only to a set of parties.
Gaëtan Gorce
Gaëtan Gorce (born December 2, 1958, in Luzy, Nièvre) is a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represents the Nièvre department,  and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.
Inflaton
The inflaton field is a hypothetical scalar field that is conjectured to have driven cosmic inflation in the very early universe. The field, originally postulated by Alan Guth, provides a mechanism that can generate a period of rapid expansion from 10−35 to 10−34 seconds after the initial expansion, which consequently forms a universe consistent with observed spatial isotropy and homogeneity.

Second
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day, first into hours, then into minutes, and lastly into seconds, for a total of 24 × 60 × 60 = 86,400 seconds per day. The definition that is based on 1⁄86400 of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system.

The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:

The second [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.

This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation.
Samuel Kummer
Samuel Kummer (28 February 1968 – 23 April 2024) was a German organist, from 2005 to 2022 at the Frauenkirche in Dresden. When he took the position at the restored church, destroyed by bombing in World War II, with a new Kern organ, he programmed a first recital with music by Bach, Brahms, Reger, Louis Vierne and his own. In concerts and in church services, he was particularly known for his improvisations. He played concerts internationally and made award-winning recordings. He taught at the Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Dresden from 2007.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.