hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Auwers synthesis
The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908.

The first step in this procedure is an acid catalyzed aldol condensation between benzaldehyde and a 3-cyclooxapentanone to an o-hydroxychalcone. Bromination of the alkene group gives a dibromo-adduct which rearranges to the flavonol by reaction with potassium hydroxide.

Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful.

It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor similar to that of bitter almonds and cherry, and is commonly used in cherry-flavored sodas. A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods.
Branklyn Garden
Branklyn Garden is a hillside public garden in the Kinnoull area of the Scottish city of Perth. The garden is set in 2 acres (0.81 ha) in the western foothills of Kinnoull Hill.

A National Trust for Scotland site, the garden was established in 1922 by John and Dorothy Renton, who built a house on the property. The couple's desire was to have a garden that featured rare and unusual plants, along with flowers from all over the world. Several people, including George Forrest and Frank Ludlow, collected seeds for the garden, which now has over 3,500 species of plants. Today, the garden is also home to several national collections of plants, including Meconopsis and Cassiope.

Kinnoull
Kinnoull is a parish in Perth, Perth and Kinross, Scotland, approximately half a mile northeast of Perth city centre. Beginning at the level of the River Tay, which separates the parish from Perth, Kinnoull's terrain continues to rise as it continues southeast, culminating in Kinnoull Hill, the summit of which is at 728 feet (222 m).

The main access roads to Kinnoull from the centre of Perth are Strathmore Street (the A94) and Muirhall Road, both in Bridgend.
R. Walker Barn
R. Walker Barn is a historic barn located near Newark, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built about 1835, and is a tri-level or double decker, frame structure on a stuccoed stone foundation with an original straw shed and bridge house. It has a two level shed-roofed addition and a gable-roofed, two level wing. It features a gable roof with a late-19th century louvered cupola.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
A Big Bold Beautiful Journey (soundtrack)
A Big Bold Beautiful Journey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film A Big Bold Beautiful Journey directed by Kogonada and starring Margot Robbie, Colin Farrell, Kevin Kline and Phoebe Waller-Bridge. The film's soundtrack featured original score by Joe Hisaishi and songs performed by Laufey and Mitski. The album was released through Milan Records on September 19, 2025.

Milan Records
Milan Records is a record label located in Los Angeles, California specializing in film scores and soundtrack albums. In addition, Milan has an electronic catalog which features down-tempo, chillout, and eclectic electronic releases.

In July 2019, Milan was acquired by Sony Masterworks. Coincidentally, Milan was distributed by BMG in the past, which Sony acquired in 2008.
Hairpin clip
A hairpin clip, also known as a retaining pin, is a type of formed wire used on a grooved shaft. It is designed to be easily installed and uninstalled, and is reusable. They are commonly made from 1050 carbon steel and 300 series stainless steel.

Forming (metalworking)
In metalworking, forming is the fashioning of metal parts and objects through mechanical deformation; the workpiece is reshaped without adding or removing material, and its mass remains unchanged. Forming operates on the materials science principle of plastic deformation, where the physical shape of a material is permanently deformed.
1979 Campeonato Paulista
The 1979 Campeonato Paulista da Divisão Especial de Futebol Profissional was the 78th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. América's Luís Fernando  was the top scorer with 27 goals. Corinthians won the championship by the 17th time. Velo Clube was relegated.

América Futebol Clube (SP)
América Futebol Clube (SP), also known as América de Rio Preto or simply América, is a Brazilian football team based in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. Founded in 1946, it plays in Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão.

It was named after America from Rio de Janeiro, even copying their team badge.
2012–13 Sunfoil Series
The 2012–13 Sunfoil Series was a first-class cricket competition held in South Africa from 20 September 2012 to 10 February 2013. Cape Cobras won their third title, during a 10 wicket victory in the final round against Knights.

Cape Cobras
The Cape Cobras were a franchise cricket team which represented the Western Cape region during the South African domestic franchise era between 2003–04 and 2020–21. The team was made up of played from the Western Province, Boland, and, from 2015–16, South Western Districts cricket teams. The team's home games were played at Newlands Cricket Ground in Cape Town, Boland Park in Paarl and the Recreation Ground in Oudtshoorn.

The Cobras played in the 4-Day Franchise Series, One Day Cup and T20 Challenge competitions. They were one of the most successful domestic sides in the franchise era.
Ali Salim Al-Nahar
Ali Salim Obaid Bait Al-Nahar (Arabic: علي بن سالم بيت النحار; born 21 August 1992), commonly known as Ali Salim Al-Nahar, is an Omani footballer who plays for Dhofar S.C.S.C. in Oman Professional League.

Sultan Qaboos Cup
The Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), also known as the HM's Cup, is Oman's premier knockout tournament for men's football. It was officially founded in 1972 and the champions of that first edition were Al-Ahli. It was briefly known as Oman Cup. The most successful club in the Cup competition is Dhofar with a total of eleven titles to their name, with the latest win at the 2023–24 season.
Hněvošice
Hněvošice (German: Schreibersdorf, Polish: Gniewoszyce) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants. It is part of the historic Hlučín Region.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
2024 Iași Open – Women's doubles
Anna Danilina and Irina Khromacheva won the women's doubles title at the 2024 Iași Open, defeating Alexandra Panova and Yana Sizikova in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

Veronika Erjavec and Dalila Jakupović were the reigning champions, but Erjavec did not participate this year. Jakupović partnered Bibiane Schoofs, but lost in the first round to Mirra Andreeva and Sofya Lansere.

Sofya Lansere
Sofya Yevgenyevna Lansere (Russian: Софья Евгеньевна Лансере, IPA: [ˈsofʲɪ̯ə ɫən⁽ʲ⁾sʲɪˈrɛ]; born 29 September 2000) is a Russian tennis player.
She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 200, achieved on 4 December 2023. On 14 August 2023, she peaked at No. 119 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Sherbrooke Museum of Fine Arts
The Sherbrooke Museum of Fine Arts (French: Musée des beaux-arts de Sherbrooke) is an art museum in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 241 Dufferin Street in downtown Sherbrooke.

The museum receives funding from the City of Sherbrooke, the Quebec Ministry of Culture and Communications and from its members.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Paraheliotropism
Paraheliotropism refers to the phenomenon in which plants orient their leaves parallel to incoming rays of light, usually as a means of minimizing excess light absorption. Excess light absorption can cause a variety of physiological problems for plants, including overheating, dehydration, loss of turgor, photoinhibition, photo-oxidation, and photorespiration, so paraheliotropism can be viewed as an advantageous behavior in high light environments. Not all plants exhibit this behavior, but it has developed in multiple lineages (e.g., both Styrax camporum and Phaseolus vulgaris exhibit paraheliotropic movement).

Photoinhibition
Photoinhibition is light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of a plant, alga, or cyanobacterium. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to light than the rest of the photosynthetic machinery, and most researchers define the term as light-induced damage to PSII. In living organisms, photoinhibited PSII centres are continuously repaired via degradation and synthesis of the D1 protein of the photosynthetic reaction center of PSII. Photoinhibition is also used in a wider sense, as dynamic photoinhibition, to describe all reactions that decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis when plants are exposed to light.
Ariel Toaff
Ariel Toaff (Hebrew: אריאל טואף; born 17 July 1942) is an Italian historian of Jewry. He is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance History at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, whose work has focused on Jews and their history in Italy.

He came to international prominence with the 2007 publication of  the first edition of his controversial book Pasque Di Sangue (Passovers of Blood), in which he claimed historical basis for ritual use of human blood. The claim was criticized as lending support to blood libel, an allegation that modern historians have described as unsupported by facts and which the Catholic Church has similarly repudiated since the 13th century. Toaff wrote that these critics had misunderstood his book, which argued that the ritual use of small quantities of dried blood in magical curses had been a real practice among medieval "Ashkenazi extremists", but that this was unrelated to the accusation of ritual murder which was the central claim of blood libel.

Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic university institution. It has 20,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.

Bar-Ilan's mission is to "blend Jewish tradition with modern technologies and scholarship and the university endeavors to ... teach the Jewish heritage to all its students while providing [an] academic education." The university is among the best in the Middle East in the fields of computer science, engineering, engineering physics and applied physics. In 2024, the university was donated $260 million, one of the biggest donations to a university in Israeli history, for investment in science. The donor wished to remain anonymous.
Gene Schott
Arthur Eugene Schott (July 14, 1913 – November 16, 1992) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher from 1935 to 1939, primarily for the Cincinnati Reds.

Born in Batavia, Ohio, Schott died in Sun City Center, Florida, in 1992, aged 79.

Sun City Center, Florida
Sun City Center is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in southern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is located south of Tampa and north of Sarasota on I-75. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,952.
Great Synagogue (Pidhaitsi)
The Great Synagogue was a former Jewish synagogue, located in Pidhaitsi, Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. The congregation worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite. Built prior to 1648, the fortress synagogue was abandoned during World War II, was used for grain storage thereafter, then as a ruin before its collapse in 2019 and subsequent demolition.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Document Freedom Day
Document Freedom Day (DFD) is an annual event to "celebrate and raise awareness of Open Standards". It is celebrated on the last Wednesday of March each year. Document Freedom Day was first celebrated on 26 March 2008, and has continued to be celebrated every year since.

Document Freedom Day is organised by a team of volunteers of the Digital Freedom Foundation since 2016. It was previously organised by the Free Software Foundation Europe. DFD is funded by donors and partners which vary from year to year.

DFD 2013 was the largest ever with 60 events in 30 countries. A year later, in 2014, 51 groups in 22 countries held events celebrating Document Freedom Day. In 2019 it took place on Wednesday 27 March.

Free Software Foundation Europe
The Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE) is an organization that supports free software and all aspects of the free software movement in Europe, with registered chapters in several European countries. It is a registered voluntary association (German: eingetragener Verein) incorporated under German law.
Elvo
The Elvo (Piedmontese: Elv) is a 53-kilometre (33 mi) torrent (an intermittent stream) in the Piedmont region of north-west Italy and is the principal tributary of the Cervo. It runs through the communes of Sordevolo, Occhieppo Superiore, Occhieppo Inferiore, Cerrione and Salussola in the Province of Biella, and of Carisio and Casanova Elvo in the Province of Vercelli.

The river’s valley is named after it as the Valle dell'Elvo. Here the municipalities are organized into two comunità montane: the Comunità Montana Alta Valle Elvo in the upper part of the valley, and the Comunità Montana Bassa Valle Elvo in the lower.

Many of the water courses of the Canavese and of the area of Biella—the torrent Orco, for example—are noted for the presence of gold-bearing sands. In the case of the Orco these are concentrated in the area of the Bessa nature reserve.

Occhieppo Superiore
Occhieppo Superiore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 3 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of Biella.

Occhieppo Superiore borders the following municipalities: Biella, Camburzano, Muzzano, Occhieppo Inferiore, Pollone, Sordevolo.
Melvill Jones
Sir Bennett Melvill Jones,  CBE AFC FRS (28 January 1887 – 31 October 1975) was Francis Mond Professor of Aeronautical Engineering at the University of Cambridge from 1919 to 1952. He demonstrated the importance of streamlining in aircraft design. It had been known since the time of Aristotle, that a moving body passing through air or another fluid encounters resistance (aerodynamic drag), but Jones developed the ideas of Louis Charles Breguet into a refined theory to demonstrate emphatically the importance of drag to the performance of aircraft.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Asian Americans in Houston
Houston has large populations of immigrants from Asia. In addition, the city has the largest Vietnamese American population in Texas and second-largest in the United States as of 2019. Houston also has one of the largest Chinese American, Pakistani American, and Filipino American populations in the United States.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
D42 road (Croatia)
D42 state road, connecting Gorski Kotar and Lika regions of Croatia, and cities and towns of Vrbovsko, Josipdol and Ogulin, to the state road network of Croatia, and most notably to A6 and A1 Vrbovsko and Ogulin interchanges respectively. The road is 90.3 km (56.1 mi) long. The route comprises a significant number of urban intersections, in segment of the road running through Ogulin.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Gorski Kotar
Gorski Kotar (Croatian pronunciation: [ɡǒrski kôtaːr] ⓘ) is the mountainous region in Croatia between Karlovac and Rijeka. Because 63% of its surface is forested it is popularly called the green lungs of Croatia or Croatian Switzerland. The European route E65, which connects Budapest and Zagreb with the Adriatic Port of Rijeka, passes through the region.
Anne Hagopian
Anne Hagopian van Buren (1927 – October 13, 2008) was an art historian who studied 14th- and 15th-century Netherlandish art. She attended and graduated from Radcliffe College. As an undergraduate student, she did computing work at the Harvard College Observatory. She earned a Ph.D. in art history from Bryn Mawr College and taught at Tufts University from 1975 to 1984.  After graduating, she left astronomy to marry theologian Paul van Buren and have four children. She is remembered as a prominent expert in 14th and 15th Netherlandish art who proudly used her scientific training to enhance her art history research.

Hagopian's article "Reality and Literary Romance in the Park of Hesdin" explores the literary origins of motifs found in Robert d'Artois's garden at Hesdin. Hagopian wrote that "the imagery from French romances is realized at Hesdin".

Hesdin
Hesdin (French pronunciation: [edɛ̃] ⓘ; West Flemish: Heusdin) is a former commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the new commune of Hesdin-la-Forêt.
USS Cumberland Sound
USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17) was a Kenneth Whiting-class seaplane tender in the United States Navy.

Cumberland Sound was launched 23 February 1944 by the Todd-Pacific Shipyards, Inc., Tacoma, Washington; sponsored by Mrs. O. A. Tucker; and commissioned 21 August 1944.

Seaplane tender
A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the operation of seaplanes. Some of these vessels, known as seaplane carriers, could not only carry seaplanes but also provided all the facilities needed for their operation; these ships are regarded by some as the first aircraft carriers and appeared just before the First World War.
Mabalacat
Mabalacat, officially Mabalacat City, is a component city in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 306,594 people.

Mabalacat is in the urban core of Metro Clark, also known as Metro Angeles, an urban area in Pampanga. This area is considered the industrial and residential heartland of Central Luzon. Metro Clark is also identified as a regional center by the national government.

Bacolor
Bacolor, officially the Municipality of Bacolor (Kapampangan: Balen ning Bakúlud; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bacolor), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 59,361 people.

Bacolor is the birthplace of Father Anselmo Jorge de Fajardo, considered the "Father of Kapampangan literature" for writing the 1831 Kapampangan "kumidya" Don Gonzalo de Cordova.
Jollies Bush
Jollies Bush Scenic Reserve, usually known simply as Jollies Bush, is a public scenic reserve in the Port Hills southeast of Christchurch, New Zealand. It sits beside the Summit Road on the slopes of Mount Pleasant, above the suburb of Sumner. The reserve is one of the smallest remaining on the Port Hills, and contains a mixture of locally-native plants and species from other parts of New Zealand.

Mount Pleasant, New Zealand
Mount Pleasant (Tauhinukorokio) is a coastal suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. The suburb is located on the northern flank of the mountain  Tauhinukorokio/Mount Pleasant in the Port Hills. It takes its name from the English version of the mountain's name.

The area was originally administered by the borough of Sumner.  A petition in September 1920, by 57 of the suburb's 66 ratepayers, asked for it to be included as a riding of the Heathcote County. At the time of the petition, the area was mostly farmland, with 21 dwelling houses and an estimated population of 80. Whilst the mayor of Sumner, John Barr, submitted against the petition, it was granted and took effect on 1 April 1921. As a result of the 1989 local government reforms, Heathcote County was amalgamated with and became part of Christchurch City Council.

The suburb and its houses were extensively damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.