hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mike Backman
Michael Charles Backman (born January 2, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the World Hockey Association's Quebec Nordiques in the seventh round, 100th, of the 1975 WHA Amateur Draft; however, he never played in that league. Despite being un-drafted in the National Hockey League, he played eighteen regular-season and ten playoff games in the NHL with the New York Rangers over three seasons from 1982 to 1983. Backman first played NHL hockey with the Rangers in the 1981-82 season, playing three games. He registered two assists that first year and the following year scored his first NHL goal.

Backman's elder son Sean was also a professional ice hockey player, as are his sons-in-law Jonathan Quick and Matt Moulson.

Sean Backman
Sean Backman (born April 29, 1986) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He most notably played in the American Hockey League (AHL) and with Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).
Second Gladstone ministry
After campaigning against the foreign policy of the Beaconsfield ministry, William Ewart Gladstone led the Liberal Party to victory in the 1880 general election. The nominal leader of the Party, Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, resigned in Gladstone's favour and Gladstone was appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a second time by Queen Victoria. He pursued a policy of parliamentary reform, but his government became wildly unpopular after the death of General Gordon in 1885. Gladstone was held responsible, and resigned, leaving the way free for the Conservatives under Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury to form a government.

Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire
Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908), styled Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1834 and 1858 and Marquess of Hartington between 1858 and 1891, was a British statesman. He has the distinction of having held leading positions in three political parties: at different times he led Liberal Party, the Liberal Unionist Party and the Conservative Party in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. After 1886 he increasingly voted with the Conservatives. He declined to become prime minister on three occasions, because the circumstances were never right. Historian and politician Roy Jenkins said he was "too easy-going and too little of a party man". He held some passions, but he rarely displayed them regarding the most controversial issues of the day.
CLISP
CLISP is an implementation of the programming language Common Lisp originally developed by Bruno Haible and Michael Stoll for the Atari ST. Today it supports the Unix and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

CLISP includes an interpreter, a bytecode compiler, debugger, socket interface, high-level foreign language interface, strong internationalization support, and two object systems: Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) and metaobject protocol (MOP).

It is written in C and Common Lisp. It is now part of the GNU Project and is free software, available under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Network socket
A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in the node.

Because of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocols in the development of the Internet, the term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite, and is therefore often also referred to as Internet socket. In this context, a socket is externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the triad of transport protocol, IP address, and port number.

The term socket is also used for the software endpoint of node-internal inter-process communication (IPC), which often uses the same API as a network socket.
Burkhard Malich
Burkhard Malich (born 29 November 1936 in Schweidnitz, Silesia (now Świdnica, Poland)) is a German chess Grandmaster. He is a retired university lecturer who received his Ph. D in 1971 and until 2001 taught Byzantine history at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Wola Owsiana
Wola Owsiana [ˈvɔla ɔfˈɕana] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oporów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Oporów, 11 km (7 mi) east of Kutno, and 52 km (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
Satta Massagana
Satta Massagana is a roots reggae album released by The Abyssinians officially in 1976.  It is widely considered The Abyssinians' crowning achievement and a classic roots reggae album.

The title track "Satta Massagana" was a huge hit and has been covered numerous times by both The Abyssinians and other artists since.  It has even been adopted by some Rastafarian groups as a hymn used during services. The song, which translates from the Amharic language "አመሰገነ" as "He Gave Praise", was originally recorded for Studio One in 1969, but the label's owner, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd declined to release it.

Roots reggae
Roots reggae is a subgenre of reggae that deals with the everyday lives and aspirations of Africans and those in the African Diaspora, including the spiritual side of Rastafari, black liberation,  revolution and the honouring of God, called Jah by Rastafarians. It is identified with the life of the ghetto sufferer, and the rural poor. Lyrical themes include spirituality and religion, struggles by artists, poverty, black pride, social issues, resistance to fascism, capitalism, corrupt government and racial oppression. A spiritual repatriation to Africa is a common theme in roots reggae.
Rumpler D.I
The Rumpler D.I (factory designation 8D1) was a fighter-reconnaissance aircraft produced in Germany at the end of World War I. It was a conventional single-bay biplane with wings of unequal span braced by I-struts. It featured an open cockpit and a fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The upper wing was fitted with aerodynamically balanced ailerons and fuselage had an oval cross-section.

Mercedes D.III
The Mercedes D.III, or F1466 as it was known internally, was a six-cylinder SOHC valvetrain liquid-cooled inline aircraft engine built by Daimler and used on a wide variety of German aircraft during World War I. The initial versions were introduced in 1914 at 119 kW (160 hp), but a series of changes improved this to 127 kW (170 hp) in 1917, and 134 kW (180 hp) by mid-1918. These later models were used on almost all late-war German fighters, and its only real competition, the BMW III, was available only in very limited numbers. Compared to the Allied engines it faced, the D.III was generally outdated.
Nantucket Harbor Range Lights
The Nantucket Harbor Range Lights are range lights that were built in 1908 to guide vessels through the narrow channel to Nantucket Harbor.  They replaced an older arrangement involving the Nantucket Beacon and the Brant Point Light, which became unusable when the latter was replaced with a new tower.

They display red and white vertical striped daymarks, type KRW, one of the twelve combinations used by the Coast Guard.

It is not known why the official USCG name of the front light, Nantucket Reef Range Front Light includes the word "reef".

Daymark
A daymark is a navigational aid for sailors and pilots, distinctively marked to maximize its visibility in daylight.

The word is also used in a more specific, technical sense to refer to a signboard or daytime identifier that is attached to a day beacon or other aid to navigation. In that sense, a daymark conveys to the mariner during daylight hours the same significance as the aid's light or reflector does at night. Standard signboard shapes are square, triangular, and rectangular, while the standard colours are red, green, orange, yellow, and black.
Little Chapel
The Little Chapel is situated in the Les Vauxbelets valley, Saint Andrew, Guernsey. It was created in July 1914, by Brother Déodat. He planned to create a miniature version of the grotto and basilica at Lourdes, the Rosary Basilica.

The chapel has been described as "probably the biggest tourist attraction in Guernsey", and "intricate".

Rosary Basilica
The Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary (French: Notre Dame du Rosaire de Lourdes) is a Catholic church and minor basilica within the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes in France. Its main theme is a celebration and depiction of the Rosary.
Wanindu Hasaranga
Pinnaduwage Wanindu Hasaranga de Silva (Sinhala: වනිඳු හසරංග, [ˈʋaniⁿd̪u ɦasəraŋgə]; born 29 July 1997) is a Sri Lankan international cricketer who plays for the national team as an all-rounder. Hasaranga made history when he took the first ever hat-trick for Sri Lanka in a T20 World Cup during the 2021 edition of the tournament, and being the first Sri Lankan on a One Day International debut to take a hat-trick.

Sri Lanka Cricket
Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) is the governing body for cricket in Sri Lanka. It was first registered with the Sri Lankan Ministry of Sports as the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka on 30 June 1975 as a national sports body. The board was renamed in 2003.

The SLC operates all of the Sri Lankan national representative cricket sides, including the Men's, Women's, Under-19 and Under-17 sides. The SLC is also responsible for organising and hosting Test tours and one day internationals with other nations, and scheduling the home international fixtures.
Maliyekkal Mariyumma
Mariyumma Mayanali, known as Maliyekkal Mariyumma (1925 - 5 August 2022) was an Indian social reformer from Kerala, who is considered as one of the important icons in the history of women's progress in Kerala. She was the first Muslim woman in Northern Kerala to get an English education. When the Muslim community during her time turned its back on public education, Mariyumma, who was a member of the Thalassery Maliyekkal family, joined a convent school and passed the fifth form, equivalent to the present tenth class and learned English. She is also known for forming the Women's Society and fought against the dowry system, which still exists in India.

Dowry system in India
The dowry system in India refers to the durable goods, cash, and real or movable property that the bride's family gives to the groom, his parents, and his relatives as a condition of the marriage. Dowry is called "दहेज" in Hindi and as جہیز in Urdu.

Traditionally, the dowry served as the inheritance for the daughter, as her relationship was seen as severed from her parents at the time of marriage, and is sometimes negotiated as consideration or a "status equalizer" between the marrying families, often as a means of upward mobility. However, the system can put great financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases, requests for a dowry has led to crimes against women, ranging from emotional abuse and injury to death.
Nico Kurz
Nico Kurz (born 31 January 1997) is a German darts player currently playing in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

In 2018, he qualified as a German Superleague qualifier for the 2018 German Darts Masters in the 2018 World Series of Darts, but lost 6–5 against Jamie Lewis. He made his European Tour debut by qualifying for the 2019 European Darts Open but lost 6–5 against Kim Huybrechts after missing seven match darts.

At the 2019 German Darts Masters Kurz caused a huge upset by beating world number three Gary Anderson 6–4 in the first round and hitting a maximum 170 finish in the match, but lost 6–8 to Peter Wright in the Quarter-finals.

2018 World Series of Darts
The 2018 World Series of Darts was a series of televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. In 2018, there were 6 World Series events and one finals event, which has this year been moved from Glasgow, Scotland, to Vienna, Austria.
Ernie Fields Jr.
Ernie Fields Jr. (July 29, 1934 – March 8, 2024) was an American baritone saxophonist and session musician.

Son of notable musician Ernie Fields, he worked with blues, soul and funk artists including B. B. King, Bobby Bland, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Rick James, and Marvin Gaye.

Fields graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1951 and then attended Howard University, playing with his father's band during breaks. In the 1990s he began touring with trombonist Fred Wesley, playing bagpipes as well as saxophone.

Fields wrote the score for the 1978 film Disco Godfather.

On the April 6, 2010 episode of American Idol, Fields played the didgeridoo during Crystal Bowersox's performance of the Lennon and McCartney composition "Come Together".

Ernie Fields Jr. was music contractor for American Idol, The Voice, and X Factor.

Fields lived in Pasadena, California. He died in his sleep on March 8, 2024, at the age of 89.

Disco Godfather
Disco Godfather (also known as The Avenging Disco Godfather) is a 1979 American action film starring Rudy Ray Moore and Carol Speed, directed by J. Robert Wagoner and released by Transvue Pictures. J. Robert Wagoner wrote and directed Disco Godfather while living in The Hotel Carver.

Commonly considered a blaxploitation film, the plot centers on Moore's character Tucker Williams, a retired cop who owns and operates a disco and tries to shut down the local angel dust (PCP) dealer after his nephew Bucky (Julius Carry) gets "whacked out" on the drug. Another PCP user's claim to have served her own baby as Easter dinner constitutes a version of the urban legend known as "The Baby-Roast."

The Disco Godfather's trademark phrase is his encouragement of the disco patrons to "Put your weight on it, put your weight on it, put your weight on it!"

The film also served as the debut of Keith David, who has an unbilled bit part as a patron in the nightclub.
Japan national under-23 football team
The Japan national under-23 football team (Japanese: U-23サッカー日本代表) is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association. The team won a gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games, and the U-20 team, made up of university students and domestic league players, won the 2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup for the second consecutive year. Since 1992, it was decided that teams targeting athletes under the age of 23 will participate in the Olympics (additional provisions for overage limits have been added since 1996). Therefore, the name changes to Japan national under-22 football team the year before the Olympics and Japan national under-21 football team two years prior. The exception to this was the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, which was postponed one year, so in 2021, the team was called the Japan national under-24 football team. At the 2024 Olympics, they advanced to the Knockout stage without three overage players and several key players.

Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 24 July to 10 August 2024 in France. The draw took place in Paris on 20 March 2024.

In addition to the Olympic host city of Paris, matches were also played in Bordeaux, Décines-Charpieu (near Lyon), Marseille, Nantes, Nice and Saint-Étienne.

The games held separate tournaments for men and women Associations affiliated with FIFA participated in qualifying tournaments to clinch their spots for the Olympics. Men's teams were restricted to under-23 players (born on or after 1 January 2001) with a maximum of three overage players allowed, while there were no age restrictions on women's teams.

Canada were the women's defending champions but lost in the quarter-finals. Brazil were the two-time men's defending champions but did not qualify.
Tool steel 1.2344
Tool steel 1.2344 (also known as AISI H13 steel or just H13) is a tool steel grade standardised for hot working.  The main feature of this grade is the combination of alloyed elements of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, Cr-Mo-V, which provides a high wear resistance to thermal shock.  It is well known as for its great strength, and heat resistance. It is heavily used for die casting  and the cold heading field.
The presence of high vanadium in DIN 1.2344 can handle the abrasion at both low and high temperatures.  It always provides a uniform and high level of machinability. This tool steel is mostly used for aluminum, magnesium and zinc die casting.

The material number 1.2344 has been issued by Stahlinstitut VDEh and is standardised according to EN 10027. Tha AISI specification has been issued by American Iron and Steel Institute. Also it was standardised as SKD 61 by Japanese Industrial Standards.

The surface can be nitrided to improve wear resistance.

American Iron and Steel Institute
The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) is a trade association of North American steel producers. Including its predecessor organizations, it is one of the oldest trade associations in the United States, dating back to 1855. It assumed its present form in 1908, with Judge Elbert H. Gary, chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, as its first president. Its development was in response to the need for a cooperative agency in the iron and steel industry for collecting and disseminating statistics and information, carrying on investigations, providing a forum for the discussion of problems and generally advancing the interests of the industry.
Johann Alexander Döderlein
Johann Alexander Döderlein (February 11, 1675 - October 23, 1745) was a German historian, philologist and numismatist.
He studied at University of Altdorf near Nuremberg. He was polymath and his field of work included archaeology, classical studies, meteorology, and regional history. Döderlein was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was rector of the Alte Lateinschule, the former school of Weißenburg am Sand.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Ali Gagarin
Ali Alhaydar Hassan Hajelsedig Altoum (1 April 1949 – 12 February 2025), known as Ali Gagarin, was a Sudanese professional footballer who played as a  forward for  Al-Hilal Club. He participated in the Africa Cup of Nations 1970 and 1976. He earned his nickname of Ali Gagarin when he played professional football for Al-Hilal, one Sudan's biggest teams. His phenomenal rise in the sport was likened to that of the famous Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

Having retired from playing sport, he became an administrator who held posts such as vice-president at Al-Hilal and also in politics, as a director general at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ambassador. He died in Cairo on 12 February 2025, at the age of 75.

1976 African Cup of Nations
The 1976 African Cup of Nations was the tenth edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Ethiopia. The format of competition changed from 1974: the field of eight teams was still split into two groups of four, but a final stage was introduced with the top two finishers of each of the first stage groups, in the form of a semi-final and a final, This is the same approach that was followed in the 1974 and 1978 World Cups. Morocco won its first championship by topping the final group. Guinea finished second.
Maksym Krypak
Maksym Serhiyovich Krypak (Ukrainian: Максим Сергійович Крипак, born 23 May 1995 in Kharkiv) is a Paralympic swimmer from Ukraine who competes in S10 and SM10 (individual medley) events. He won five gold and three silver medals at the 2016 Rio Paralympics, setting new world records in the 100 m backstroke and 400 m freestyle.

Krypak won seven medals at the 2020 Paralympic Games and became the most titled athlete of these games.

S10 (classification)
S10, SB9, SM10 are para-swimming classifications used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability.  Swimmers in this class tend to have minimal weakness affecting their legs, missing feet, a missing leg below the knee or problems with their hips.  This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral palsy. The classification is governed by the International Paralympic Committee, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
Turbidite Hill
Turbidite Hill (82°1′S 157°45′E﻿ / ﻿82.017°S 157.750°E﻿ / -82.017; 157.750) is a low nunatak that lies four nautical miles (7 km) east of Laird Plateau on the north side of Olson Neve in Antarctica. It was mapped by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1964–65). It was named after sedimentary features, called turbidites, which were reportedly found in sedimentary rocks of the Beacon Supergroup which forms the summit of this hill.

Queen Elizabeth Ranges
The Queen Elizabeth Ranges is a group of mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies on the southeastern side of Jasper National Park, Canada. The northern end of the ranges begins east of Medicine Lake and extends in a southeasterly direction past the southern shore of Maligne Lake. The group was named in 1953 to celebrate the coronation of Elizabeth II as Canada's sovereign.

These ranges include the following mountains and peaks:
Calvin Stamp
Calvin Washington Stamp (25 June 1958 – 30 December 2018) was a Jamaican weightlifter. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.

On 30 December 2018, he died in a car accident in DeKalb County, Georgia.

DeKalb County, Georgia
DeKalb County (/dəˈkæb/ də-KAB, /diːˈ-/ dee-) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur.

DeKalb County is a core county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County). Stonecrest is the largest city that is entirely within the county. DeKalb is primarily a suburban county.

In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, following a trend in other suburban areas around Metro Atlanta. Stonecrest, Dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities that are entirely contained within the county.