hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David DeGrazia
David DeGrazia (born July 20, 1962) is an American moral philosopher specializing in bioethics, animal ethics, and the study of moral status. He is Professor of Philosophy at George Washington University, where he has taught since 1989, and the author or editor of several books on ethics, including Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (1996), Human Identity and Bioethics (2005), and Creation Ethics: Reproduction, Genetics, and Quality of Life (2012).

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Kayle van Zyl
Kayle Deon van Zyl is a South African rugby union player, currently playing with Italian side Rugby Calvisano, competing in the Top10 and European Rugby Continental Shield.  He has the ability to play in any position in the back-line but has thus far mostly featured as a fullback.

Pumas (Currie Cup)
The Pumas are a South African professional rugby union team that competes in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup. The team draws their players from Mpumalanga Province (formerly known as the South Eastern Transvaal) and plays at the Mbombela Stadium in Mbombela, having previously also played at the Puma Stadium in Witbank.

The Pumas are a well supported team throughout Mpumalanga Province, with large fan bases located in Witbank, Middelburg, Ermelo and Mbombela.
Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary
Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (AMBS) is an Anabaptist Christian seminary in Elkhart, Indiana, affiliated with Mennonite Church USA and Mennonite Church Canada. It was formerly known as Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary until its name was changed in 2012.

The seminary offers a three-year Master of Divinity degree and two-year Master of Arts degree. It is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada.

Master of Divinity
For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, magister divinitatis in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divinity schools (e.g. in 2014 nearly 44 percent of all US students in schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools were enrolled in an MDiv program).

In many Christian denominations and in some other religions, the degree is the standard prerequisite for ordination or licensing to professional ministry. At accredited seminaries in the United States, this degree requires between 72 and 106 credit hours of study (72 being the minimum determined by academic accrediting agencies, and 106 being on the upper end of certain schools that wish to ensure a broader study of the related disciplines.) After the completion of the Master of Divinity degree, students can continue further and get their professional Doctor of Ministry degree.
Pastel de nata
Pastel de nata (Portuguese: [pɐʃˈtɛl dɨ ˈnatɐ]; literally, cream pastry; pl.: pastéis de nata) is a Portuguese egg custard tart pastry, optionally dusted with cinnamon. Outside Portugal, they are particularly popular in other parts of Western Europe, former Portuguese colonies, such as Brazil, Mozambique, Macau, Goa, Malacca and Timor-Leste and other parts of Asia. The Macau variant has been adopted by KFC and is available in regions such as mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia. In Indonesia, this pastry is especially popular in Kampung Tugu, Jakarta, a culturally Portuguese (Mardijker) enclave.

Mardijker people
The Mardijker people refer to an ethnic community in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) made up of descendants of freed slaves who spoke or were culturally Portuguese. They could be found at all major trading posts in the East Indies. They were mostly Christian, of various ethnicities from conquered Portuguese and Spanish territories, Some are of European ethnicity, while some others are natives from various Portuguese controlled territories. They spoke Mardijker Creole, a Portuguese-based creole, which has influenced the modern Indonesian language.
Jan Bouwensz
Jan Bouwensz, also known as Jan Boudynsz and Jan Baldewini (circa 1452 - 11 March 1514) was a Dutch Landsadvocaat (Grand Pensionary).

Jan Bouwensz studied at the University of Leuven in 1467. He was court clerk at the Court of Holland (1471-1479), notary in Leiden (1479), and advocaat-fiscaal at the  Hof van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland (1481-1489). In June 1489 he succeeded Barthout van Assendelft as landsadvocaat (Grand Pensionary) of the States of Holland. In 1693 he was succeeded by Barthout van Assendelft, who regained the office for a second term.

Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège (jointly the future Belgium, by and large) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.

The name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.

It is commonly referred to as the University of Leuven or University of Louvain, sometimes with the qualification "old" to distinguish it from the Catholic University of Leuven (established 1835 in Leuven). This might also refer to a short-lived but historically important State University of Leuven, 1817–1835.
Southern Transcon
The Southern Transcon is a main line of the BNSF Railway comprising 11 subdivisions between Southern California and Chicago, Illinois. Completed in its current alignment in 1908 by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, when it opened the Belen Cutoff in New Mexico (going through eastern New Mexico, northwestern Texas, briefly part of western Oklahoma and to Kansas) and bypassed the steep grades of Raton Pass (which passes through northeastern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado), it now serves as a mostly double-tracked intermodal corridor.

The Transcon is one of the most heavily trafficked rail corridors in the western United States: as of 2006, an average of almost 90 trains daily (over 100 trains on peak days) passed over the section between Belen and Clovis, New Mexico, with each train typically 6,000 to 8,000 feet (1,800 to 2,400 m) long.

Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
Robert Morrison (footballer)
Robert "Bob" Morrison (1926–2016) was an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Morrison made his full All Whites debut, a 0–2 loss to New Caledonia on 19 September 1951 and ended his international playing career with 10 A-international caps to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 5–3 win over Tahiti on 28 September 1952.

Tahiti national football team
The Tahiti national football team (French: Équipe de football de Tahiti; Tahitian: Te pŭpŭ tu'e popo a te fenua Tahiti) represents French Polynesia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Tahitian Football Federation. The team consists of a selection of players from French Polynesia, including Tahiti; they have competed in the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) since 1990.

Tahiti is traditionally one of the stronger footballing nations of the Pacific Islands, with the second-best record at the Pacific Games, winning five gold medals. They were runners-up in the first three editions of the OFC Nations Cup (1973, 1980, 1996). Tahiti eventually won the competition in 2012, becoming the first team other than Australia and New Zealand to win the title. The feat qualified Tahiti to the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup held in Brazil.
Prince Jesse of Kakheti
Jesse (Georgian: იესე, romanized: iese), also known as Isa Khan Gorji (Persian: عیسی خان گرجی; c. 1527 – 1580) was a Georgian prince of the royal house of Kakheti, whose career flourished in the service of the Safavid dynasty of Iran and included several years as a governor of Shaki in what is today Azerbaijan.

Kingdom of Kakheti
The Kingdom of Kakheti (Georgian: კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: k'akhetis samepo; also spelled Kaxet'i or Kakhetia) was a late medieval and early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Gremi and then at Telavi. It emerged in the process of a tripartite division of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1466 and existed, with several brief intermissions, until 1762 when Kakheti and the neighboring Georgian kingdom of Kartli were merged through a dynastic succession under the Kakhetian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. Through much of this period, the kingdom was a vassal of the successive dynasties of Iran, and to a much shorter period Ottoman Empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747.
Newsweek Pakistan
Newsweek Pakistan was a news magazine published by AG Publications, a company wholly owned by Associated Group (AG), under license from Newsweek Publishing LLC. The licensing agreement with AG Publications followed similar publishing alliances for other Newsweek editions. Newsweek's Asia Pacific edition, published in Hong Kong, had been available in Pakistan for over 50 years. Newsweek Pakistan replaced the Asia Pacific edition, and carried reportage, analysis and opinion on Pakistan in addition to the content featured in the international edition. The Pakistan edition drew upon both its own editorial staff and Newsweek's international network of correspondents.

Fasih Ahmed, who has reported for the Wall Street Journal, Newsweek and The Daily Beast, was the editor of Newsweek Pakistan. Ahmed won a New York Press Club award in 2008 for Newsweek's coverage of the assassination of former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto.

New York Press Club
The New York Press Club, sometimes NYPC, is a nonprofit membership organization that promotes journalism in the New York City metropolitan area. It is unaffiliated with any government organization and abstains from politics. While the club is headquarters in New York City, it serves as an association for journalists based in the United States.
Perino's
Perino's was a restaurant located on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. The original location at 3927 Wilshire Boulevard was opened in 1932 by Italian-American restaurateur Alexander Perino, immediately becoming popular with Hollywood's elite. In 1950 it moved to a larger location at 4101 Wilshire, where it remained until it closed in 1986. The restaurant was a Los Angeles landmark which, like the Brown Derby, Chasen's, and Romanoff's, was famed for its celebrity clientele during the Hollywood Golden Age. Despite its closure, the restaurant enjoyed an afterlife as a filming location for film and television until the building was sold and demolished in 2005.

Classical Hollywood cinema
In film criticism, classical Hollywood cinema is both a narrative and visual style of filmmaking that first developed in the 1910s to 1920s during the later years of the silent film era. It then became characteristic of United States cinema during the Golden Age of Hollywood from 1927, with the advent of sound film, until the 1960s and the arrival of New Hollywood productions such as Bonnie and Clyde and The Graduate. During the intervening forty years, it was the most powerful and pervasive style of filmmaking worldwide.

Similar or associated terms include classical Hollywood narrative, Old Hollywood, and classical continuity. The period is also referred to as the studio era, which may also include films of the late silent era but ended before the 1970s with the studios’ loss of both their own movie theaters and the creative talent they had held under contract.
Hatred, Passions and Infidelity
Hatred, Passions and Infidelity is the second album from hip hop producer and emcee Diamond D, released five years after his acclaimed debut, Stunts, Blunts and Hip Hop.  The reason for the extended time between albums was due primarily to the legal battle between Diamond D and his then label PWL America Records. After the issues were resolved between him and the company, he was released from PWL America and recorded for the label's parent company Mercury Records. The album received positive reviews from music critics and fans.

In the period between his album releases, Diamond spent time producing a number of artists, including Brand Nubian, Cypress Hill, Fat Joe, The Fugees, House of Pain, KRS-One, Lord Finesse, Tha Alkaholiks, The Pharcyde, Illegal, and Xzibit. Hatred, Passions, and Infidelity features the single "The Hiatus" and the Kid Capri-produced D.I.T.C. crew cut "5 Fingas of Death."

Tha Alkaholiks
Tha Alkaholiks, also known as Tha Liks, is an American hip hop trio from Los Angeles. Since the early 1990s they have produced party music with a hardcore hip hop edge, powered by the beats and rhymes of DJ, producer and rapper E-Swift (he was born Eric Brooks in Columbus, Georgia and grew up in Toledo, Ohio) and the rhymes of J-Ro (born James Robinson in Los Angeles) and Tash (born Rico Smith in Columbus, Ohio).

Though commercial crossover success largely eluded the group, they maintained a dedicated following on the West Coast, throughout the United States, and worldwide. Three songs of Tha Alkaholiks were featured on Loud Rocks, a complilation album.
Makarye
Makarye (Russian: Макарье) is the name of several rural localities (villages and selos) in Russia:

Makarye, Kiknursky District, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Vashtrangsky Rural Okrug of Kiknursky District of Kirov Oblast

Makarye, Kotelnichsky District, Kirov Oblast, a selo in Makaryevsky Rural Okrug of Kotelnichsky District of Kirov Oblast

Makarye, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Orlovskoye Rural Settlement of Novousmansky District of Voronezh Oblast

Kiknursky District
Kiknursky District (Russian: Ки́кнурский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,680 square kilometers (650 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kiknur. Population: 9,795 (2010 Census); 13,228 (2002 Census); 16,347 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kiknur accounts for 50.7% of the district's total population.
Khün language
Khün, or Tai Khün (Tai Khün:  ᨴᩱ᩠ᨿᨡᩨ᩠ᨶ, /taj˧˧.kʰɯːn˧˨˥/; Shan: တႆးၶိုၼ် Thai: ไทเขิน [tʰaj kʰɤ̌ːn]), also known as Kengtung Tai or Kengtung Shan, is the language of the Tai Khün people of Kengtung, Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, and Yunnan Province, China.

The Khün varieties share 93% to 100% lexical similarity. Khun is closely related to other Tai languages. Khün shares 90% to 95% lexical similarity with Northern Thai language, 92% to 95% with Lü, 93% to 97% with Shan, and 80% to 83% with standard Thai.

Tai Khun is traditionally written using a variant of the Tai Tham script.

Chiang Rai province
Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hāːj])  is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces that lies in upper northern Thailand and is Thailand's northernmost province. It is bordered by the Shan State of Myanmar to the north, Bokeo province of Laos to the east, Phayao to the south, Lampang to the southwest, and Chiang Mai to the west. The province is linked to Houayxay, Laos by the Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge that spans the Mekong.
Free (Chico DeBarge album)
Free is the fifth studio album by American singer Chico DeBarge. It was released by Alove Entertainment and Koch Records on March 5, 2003 in the United States. The album debuted and peaked at number 43 on the US Top Independent Albums chart, and produced the single "Home Alone." In 2017, the album was remastered and re-released as Free Remastered. It features six additional tracks such as DeBarge's contribution "Hard Times" from the Beauty Shop (2005) soundtrack.

Beauty Shop
Beauty Shop is a 2005 American comedy film directed by Bille Woodruff. The film serves as a spin-off of the Barbershop film series, and stars Queen Latifah as Gina Norris, a character first introduced in the 2004 film Barbershop 2: Back in Business. This film also stars Alicia Silverstone, Andie MacDowell, Mena Suvari, Kevin Bacon and Djimon Hounsou.

Released theatrically in the United States by MGM Distribution Co. under the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures label on March 30, 2005, Beauty Shop received generally mixed reviews from critics. The film grossed $37.2 million worldwide against a $25 million production budget.
Hood Abbey
Hood Abbey was an abbey on the grounds of today's Hood Grange, North Yorkshire, England. The abbey at Hood was known to be in existence as a hermitage since before 1138 when Roger de Mowbray granted it to a group of Savignian monks, who stayed for five years before relocating to Byland Abbey. After this, it was inhabited by monks from the Bridlington area who came west to take over Roger de Mowbray's newest priory at Newburgh.

The site was dissolved in the 16th century, and all that remains are two windows incorporated into one of the barns which now occupy the site.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Belle et Sébastien
Belle et Sébastien is a 1965 novel by Cécile Aubry about a six-year-old boy named Sébastien and his dog Belle, a Great Pyrenees, who live in a village in the French Alps close to the Italian border. Sébastien lives with his adopted grandfather, sister, and brother, as his mother, a Romani, died after giving birth to him while trying to cross the border on Saint Sebastian's day. The novel, known in English-speaking countries as Belle and Sebastian, was adapted by Aubry in the same year as its publication into a French live action television series. The novel itself spawned a book series, a Japanese anime adaptation in 1981, a French motion picture in 2013, followed by two sequels in 2015 and 2017 (Belle and Sebastian: Friends for Life), and a French-Canadian co-produced TV series in 2017.

French Alps
The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy.

At 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border, is the highest mountain in the Alps, and the highest Western European mountain.

Notable towns in the French Alps include Grenoble, Chamonix, Annecy, Chambéry, Évian-les-Bains and Albertville.

The French Alps  will be the fourth location in France to host the Winter Olympics in 2030, following those held in Albertville in 1992, Grenoble in 1968, and the very first in Chamonix in 1924.
Carlos Washington Pastor
Carlos Washington Pastor (20 June 1924 – 9 January 2012) was an Argentine Air Force officer. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina during the presidency of Jorge Rafael Videla between 1976 and 1981.

He was born in Villa Mercedes, San Luis Province into a family from there. He was married to María Isabel Hartridge, whose sister was Videla's wife. Initially, he was part of Argentine Army and graduated at the Colegio Militar de la Nación in 1928, but he was transferred to the recent-created Argentine Air Force in 1945.

During his term as Minister, Argentina was in the middle of a conflict with Chile for the Beagle Channel islands and also denounced for human rights violations.

Villa Mercedes
Villa Mercedes is a city in the province of San Luis, Argentina. It lies on the center-east of the province, on the left-hand banks of the Quinto River, 32 km from the border with Córdoba, on National Route 148, and near the intersection of National Routes 8 and 7. National Route 7 links the city to the provincial capital San Luis, 90 km to the north-west. It had 96,781 inhabitants during the 2001 census [INDEC].
2015 Tampere Open
The 2015 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 34th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Tampere, Finland, on 20–26 July 2015.

Patrik Niklas-Salminen
Patrik Niklas-Salminen (born 5 March 1997) is a Finnish professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 95 achieved on 17 April 2023 and a singles ranking of No. 418 achieved on 3 March 2020.
Niklas-Salminen has won five doubles ATP Challenger Tour titles.