hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Brown (Illinois politician)
Adam Brown (born 1985) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing at different times the 101st and 102nd district.

Brown is a graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He worked for the United States Department of Agriculture and served on the Decatur, Illinois City Council before running for the Illinois House of Representatives in 2010. He defeated incumbent Representative Robert Flider by 599 votes.

In 2011, Brown joined with State Representative Bill Mitchell of the 87th district in proposing statehood for Cook County. Mitchell said that Chicago is "dictating its views" to the rest of the state and Brown added that Chicago "overshadows" the rest of Illinois.

In September 2015, Brown announced he was retiring from the Illinois House of Representatives.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Woodstock Country School
Woodstock Country School (WCS), founded in 1945, was a small, progressive, co-educational preparatory boarding school (grades 9–12) initially located in the village of Woodstock, Vermont, and later on a 400-acre farm campus in the nearby hamlet of South Woodstock. WCS was "acknowledged as a leader in the progressive education movement" and in the 1960s "gained national recognition for its open curriculum."

Having been co-founded by an alumnus of the highly experimental Black Mountain College, and with a former Black Mountain professor (the co-founder's wife) on the founding faculty, the initial vision of the school might be interpreted as attempting to bring a version of the Black Mountain experience to the secondary education realm.: 27

In the mid-1960s the school introduced North America's first-ever four-term 12-month academic year, known as the Woodstock Plan.

WCS closed after graduating its final class in August, 1980.

Woodstock, Vermont
Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,005. It includes the villages of Woodstock, South Woodstock, Taftsville, and West Woodstock.
2022–23 CSA 4-Day Series
The 2022–23 CSA 4-Day Series was a first-class cricket competition took place in South Africa from October 2022 to March 2023. It was the second edition of the post-franchise era and retained the two-division league format introduced the previous year, with the teams in each division unchanged.

The Division 2 teams of Limpopo and Mpumalanga were re-awarded first-class status in October 2022, meaning that unlike the previous year all matches played in the competition would be considered first-class cricket.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Cobalt Networks
Cobalt Networks was a maker of low-cost Linux-based servers and server appliances based in Mountain View, California. The company had 1,900 end user customers in more than 70 countries.

During the dot-com bubble, the company had a market capitalization of $6 billion, despite only $22 million in annual revenue.

In 2000, the company was acquired by Sun Microsystems and in December 2003, Sun shut down the Cobalt product line.

Cobalt was considered a pioneering server appliance vendor, the first to market a 1 RU rackmounted server, and was credited by the founder of RLX Technologies as paving the way for blade servers.

Computer appliance
A computer appliance is a computer system with a combination of hardware, software, or firmware that is specifically designed to provide a particular computing resource. Such devices became known as appliances because of the similarity in role or management to a home appliance, which are generally closed and sealed, and are not serviceable by the user or owner. The hardware and software are delivered as an integrated product and may even be pre-configured before delivery to a customer, to provide a turn-key solution for a particular application. Unlike general purpose computers, appliances are generally not designed to allow the customers to change the software and the underlying operating system, or to flexibly reconfigure the hardware.

Another form of appliance is the virtual appliance, which has similar functionality to a dedicated hardware appliance, but is distributed as a software virtual machine image for a hypervisor-equipped device.
E. S. Hoyt House
The E.S. Hoyt House is a historic house in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, designed by the firm of Purcell & Elmslie and built in 1913. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Red Wing Residential Historic District.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Nogales (surname)
Nogales is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armando López Nogales (born 1950), Mexican former lawyer and politician

Daniel Nogales (born 2003), Spanish racing driver

Diego Nogales (born 1981), Spanish football manager

Esteban Muñoz Nogales (born 1984), Spanish former professional footballer

Eva Nogales, Spanish biophysicist

Francisco Nogales (born 1946), Spanish pathologist

Jose Luis Morales Nogales (born 1987), Spanish professional footballer

José Nogales (1860–1908), Spanish journalist and writer

José Nogales Sevilla (1860–1939), Spanish painter and watercolorist

Manuel Chaves Nogales (1897–1944), Spanish journalist and writer

Mariana Nogales Molinelli (born 1973), Puerto Rican lawyer, politician, and social activist

Rafael de Nogales, Venezuelan adventurer

Eva Nogales
Eva Nogales (born May 16, 1965) is a Spanish-American biophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where she served as head of the Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology of the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (2015–2020). She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.

Nogales is a pioneer in using electron microscopy for the structural and functional characterization of macromolecular complexes. She used electron crystallography to obtain the first structure of tubulin and identify the binding site of the important anti-cancer drug taxol. She is a leader in combining cryo-EM, computational image analysis and biochemical assays to gain insights into function and regulation of biological complexes and molecular machines. Her work has uncovered aspects of cellular function that are relevant to the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Typhoon Fung-wong (2008)
Typhoon Fung-wong, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Igme, was a deadly typhoon in the which made landfall on Taiwan and China in late July 2008. Typhoon Fung-wong reached peak intensity of a Category 2 typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center with peak winds of 95 knots (176 km/h). Damage was extensive in Taiwan, hitting little more than a week later than Typhoon Kalmaegi, but a specific cost is unknown, though later estimated at $541 million (2008 USD).

Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait (Chinese: 台湾海峡; Pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá) is a 180-kilometer-wide (110 mi; 97 nmi) strait separating the island of Taiwan and the Asian continent. The strait connects the South China Sea to the south, and the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is 126 km (78 mi; 68 nmi) wide.
Yurino, Mari El Republic
Yurino (Russian: Ю́рино; Meadow Mari: Йӱрнӧ, Jürnö; Hill Mari: Йӱрнӹ, Jürnÿ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Yurinsky District of the Mari El Republic, Russia, located on the Cheboksary Reservoir, near the confluence of the Volga and Vetluga Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,465.

Vetluga (river)
The Vetluga (Russian: Ветлу́га, IPA: [vʲɪtˈlugə]; Mari: Вӱтла, romanized: Vütla) is a river that flows through Kirov Oblast, Kostroma Oblast, Mari El and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga. Their confluence is near Kozmodemyansk. The river is navigable. It is 889 kilometres (552 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 39,400 square kilometres (15,200 sq mi). Its largest tributaries are Neya, Bolshaya Kaksha, Usta and Yuronga from the left and Vokhma and Lyunda from the right. The town Vetluga is situated on the river and named after it.
Ozer ben Meir
Ozer ben Meir (Hebrew: עוזר בן מאיר, romanized: ʿOzer ben Meʾir; died May 1710) was a Polish rabbi of Clementow. He was a great-grandson of Solomon Luria.

Ozer was the author of Even 'Ozer 'al Yad (Amsterdam, 1742), on the Yoreh De'ah, on Oraḥ Ḥayyim, and on Even ha-'Ezer; novellæ on some massektot (Zolkiev, 1753); and others of a similar character, published in Maginne Eretz (Amsterdam, 1753).

Hiddush
In Rabbinic literature, ḥiddush (Hebrew: חִדּוּשׁ; plural ḥiddushim, Hebrew: חִדּוּשׁים) refers to a novel interpretation or approach to previously-existing ideas or works. 
The term often describes a form of innovation that is made inside the system of Halakha, as distinguished from shinuy, an innovation outside tradition.
Bård Kvalheim
Bård Kvalheim (born 17 September 1973) is a Norwegian retired athlete. He is a middle distance runner, with 1500 metres as his best distance (personal record: 3:40.12). He represents IK Tjalve in Oslo.

He took part in the 1500 m at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg. He has national gold from 2005, silver from 2003 and 2006 and bronze from 2002.

Bård Kvalheim is the son of athlete Knut Kvalheim.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
2022 Ladies Open Hechingen – Doubles
Cristina Dinu and Lina Gjorcheska were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Irina Khromacheva and Diana Shnaider won the title, defeating Tamara Čurović and Chiara Scholl in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Irina Khromacheva
Irina Pavlovna Khromacheva (Russian: Ирина Павловна Хромачёва; born 12 May 1995) is a Russian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 14 in doubles achieved on 3 March 2025 and No. 89 in singles, reached on 27 February 2017.
Nitro World Games 2019
Nitro World Games 2019 was the fourth edition of an action sports competition by Nitro Circus that took place on August 17, 2019, at Utah Motorsports Campus in Erda, Utah, it was the second to last edition of the event, the last to be held in the United States, and the last edition until the final nitro games in 2022.

The games were broadcast live through social media platforms.

Erda, Utah
Erda (/ˈɜːr.də/, UR-də) is a city in Tooele County, Utah, United States. The population was 4,642 at the 2010 census, a significant increase from the 2000 figure of 2,473. Erda was previously a Census-Designated Place (CDP) and a township, but it officially received its incorporation certificate in January 2022.
David Millar
David Millar (born 4 January 1977) is a Scottish retired professional road racing cyclist. He rode for Cofidis from 1997 to 2004 and Garmin–Sharp from 2008 to 2014. He has won four stages of the Tour de France, five of the Vuelta a España and one stage of the Giro d'Italia. He was the British national road champion and the national time trial champion, both in 2007.

Millar was banned for two years in 2004 after he admitted to taking banned performance-enhancing drugs. Upon his return from his ban, Millar became an anti-doping campaigner, a stance which eventually resulted in journalist Alasdair Fotheringham describing him as an 'elder statesman' of cycling.

Alasdair Fotheringham
Alasdair Fotheringham is a British foreign affairs and sports journalist, specializing in cycle racing.

Based in Spain, Fotheringham works as a freelance journalist and has been the Independent's cycling correspondent since 2001. 
He has also written articles for The Independent on Sunday, The Guardian, The Daily Express, The Sunday Express, Cycling Weekly and Reuters.

Having covered the Tour de France 17 times, Fotheringham covered the Olympic Games for the first time in 2008. He is the brother of fellow cycling journalist William Fotheringham.
DNA Genetics
DNA Genetics is a Dutch cannabis company that cross breeds different strains of the cannabis plant. It was founded by Don Morris and Aaron Yarkoni ("D" and "A").

The company also sells merchandise, apparel, and accessories. Morris and Yarkoni also work as consultants for other professionals in the industry.

Cannabis cultivation
The cultivation of cannabis is the production of cannabis infructescences ("buds" or "leaves"). Cultivation techniques for other purposes (such as hemp production) differ.

In the United States, all cannabis products in a regulated market must be grown in the state where they are sold because federal law continues to ban interstate cannabis sales. Most regulated cannabis is grown indoors.

Occupational diseases, including asthma, are an emerging concern in the rapidly expanding U.S. cannabis industry. Cannabis cultivation and processing technicians may be exposed to numerous respiratory hazards, e.g. organic particulate matter and dust from ground cannabis flower, mold, bacterial endotoxins, and pesticides. Employees exposed to ground cannabis without adequate controls are at risk of developing occupational asthma which can be fatal.
John Starling (musician)
John Lewis Starling (March 26, 1940 – May 2, 2019) was an American musician. He is an International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductee bluegrass musician and composer, founding member of the bluegrass group The Seldom Scene, an otolaryngological physician for communities in Alabama, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, and an amateur architectural designer designing the field house at Virginia Military Institute, the house his parents retired in and the floor plans for the building he practiced medicine in.

Carl Jackson
Carl Eugene Jackson (born September 18, 1953) is an American country and bluegrass musician. Jackson's first Grammy Award was awarded in 1992 for his duet album with John Starling titled Spring Training. In 2003, Jackson produced the Grammy Award-winning CD titled Livin', Lovin', Losin': Songs of the Louvin Brothers – a tribute to Ira and Charlie Louvin. He also recorded one of the songs on the CD, a collection of duets featuring such artists as James Taylor, Alison Krauss, Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash, Emmylou Harris, and others.
Central and Wan Chai Reclamation
Central and Wan Chai Reclamation is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wan Chai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel.

Tamar Park
Tamar Park (Chinese: 添馬公園) is an urban park in Admiralty, Hong Kong covering around 17,000 square metres (180,000 sq ft) with the design concept of 'perpetual green'. 
 The park occupies 80% of the Tamar site public space and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong government. It is enclosed by Harcourt Road, Legislative Council Road, Tim Mei Avenue, Tim Wa Avenue and Lung Wo Road. The Central Government Complex and the Legislative Council Complex are adjacent to Tamar Park.
Garabet Ibrăileanu
Garabet Ibrăileanu (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡaraˈbet ibrə.iˈle̯anu]; May 23, 1871 – March 11, 1936) was a Romanian-Armenian literary critic and theorist, writer, translator, sociologist, University of Iași professor (1908–1934), and, together with Paul Bujor and Constantin Stere, for long main editor of the Viața Românească literary magazine between 1906 and 1930. He published many of his works under the pen name Cezar Vraja.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
HLA-B52
HLA-B52 (B52) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*52 gene products.

B52 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B5, and is a sister type of B51. B*5201 likely formed as a result of a gene conversion event between another HLA-B allele and HLA-B*5101.
There are a number of alleles within the B*52 allele group.

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
Rungapapa Knoll
Rungapapa Knoll, also known as Rungapapa Seamount, is a submarine volcano in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty. It lies 17 km (11 mi) west-southwest of Whakaari / White Island.

The seamount is of Pleistocene age and no eruptions are known to have occurred from it in recorded history. An internal heat source exists inside the volcano.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
Sarnikierz
Sarnikierz [sarˈnikʲɛʂ] (German: Dorotheenthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzyno, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Węgorzyno, 20 km (12 mi) south of Łobez, and 63 km (39 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 33.

Węgorzyno
Węgorzyno [vɛŋɡɔˈʐɨnɔ] (German: Wangerin) is a town in Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, located on Lake Węgorzyno. It is the seat of Gmina Węgorzyno. It is a retail and leisure resort.
San Dionisio Church Ruins
The San Dionisio Church Ruins are a historic ruins on Route 2 in Umatac, Guam.  They are the remains of a church that was built in 1862 and destroyed by an earthquake in 1892.  It was built out of manposteria (coral stone mixed with lime mortar), and the surviving elements including buttresses rising to a height of 13 feet (4.0 m).  The ruins are the only surviving remnant of the Spanish colonial headquarters complex that stood in this area.  The first San Dionisio Church was constructed in 1681, but rebuilt after a fire three years later.  That church was destroyed in 1849 by an earthquake, and portions may have been used in construction of the 1862 building.  A new church was built in 1939. The ruins were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Humåtak, Guam
Humåtak (formerly Umatac) is a village on the southwestern coast of the United States territory of Guam.  The month of March in the Chamorro language is "Umatalaf," or "to catch guatafi," which is believed to be the root word of Umatac. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2010 census, and it is by far the least populated village on the island.

Mount Bolanos, at an elevation of 368 m (1,207 ft), is the third highest peak of Guam and lies 4.5 km (2.8 mi) away.

On August 18, 2021, the municipality place name was officially changed from Umatac to Humåtak.
Mont Lozère et Goulet
Mont Lozère et Goulet (Occitan: Mont Lozère e Gargot) is a commune in the department of Lozère, southern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Le Bleymard (the seat), Bagnols-les-Bains, Belvezet, Chasseradès, Mas-d'Orcières and Saint-Julien-du-Tournel.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.