hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pala delle Convertite
The Pala delle Convertite or The Trinity with Saints Mary Magdalen and John the Baptist, (the museum's name) or Holy Trinity, is an altarpiece by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli and his workshop, traditionally dated to c. 1491–1493. It is now in the Courtauld Gallery in London.  It is now thought the painting was begun much earlier, perhaps in the 1470s, and was worked on during three decades.

It was commissioned by the Arte dei Medici e degli Speziali (guild of the Doctors and Pharmacists, to which the painters also belonged) for the church of Santa Elisabetta delle Convertite in Florence, a church institution housing former prostitutes or fallen women, who had converted from their previous life, and whose patroness saint was Mary Magdalene  The traditional Italian name means the altarpiece or "panel" (pala) of the "converted ones" (convertite).

A restoration of the painting was completed in 2021.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Sam Bass Warner Jr.
Sam Bass Warner Jr. (April 6, 1928 – January 22, 2023) was an American historian and author. He taught at MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Boston University College of Arts and Sciences, and Brandeis University.

Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis
Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis is home to the College of Arts and Sciences and corresponding graduate programs across its many departments. The current dean of the faculty is Feng Sheng Hu, the Lucille P. Markey Distinguished Professor in Arts and Sciences.

Arts and Sciences students have a strong track record in national and international fellowship competitions. For example, of Washington University's eleven Fulbright Scholarship recipients in 2011, seven were recent alumni of the College of Arts and Sciences, and three were Arts and Sciences graduate students. In addition, two students were selected as Rhodes Scholars in 2017–2018 and another student was a Rhodes Scholarship finalist in 2016.
Mannar, Sri Lanka
Mannar (Tamil: மன்னார், romanized: Maṉṉār, IPA: [mɐnːaːɾ]; Sinhala: මන්නාරම, romanized: Mannārama, IPA: [mənːaːrəmə]), formerly spelled Manar, is the main town of Mannar District, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is governed by an Urban Council. The town is located on Mannar Island overlooking the Gulf of Mannar and is home to the historic Ketheeswaram temple. In the Tamil language, Mannar means 'raised place [of sand]', which is thought to have come from the geology of Mannar Island which was formed by the accumulation of sand.

Gulf of Mannar
The Gulf of Mannar (/məˈnɑːr/ mə-NAR) (Tamil: மன்னார் வளைகுடா, romanized: Maṉṉār vaḷaikuṭā; Sinhala: මන්නාරම් බොක්ක, romanized: mannāram bokka) is a large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean with an average depth of 5.8 m (19 ft). It lies between the southeastern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka, in the Coromandel Coast region. The chain of low islands and reefs known as Adam’s Bridge or Rama Setu (Rama’s Bridge), which includes Mannar Island, separates the Gulf of Mannar from Palk Bay, which lies to the north between India and Sri Lanka. The estuaries of Thamirabarani River and Vaippar River of South India and the Malvathu Oya (Malvathu River) of Sri Lanka drain into the Gulf. The dugong (sea cow) is found here.
The Street (1949 film)
The Street (Swedish: Gatan) is a 1949 Swedish drama film directed by Gösta Werner and starring Maj-Britt Nilsson, Peter Lindgren and  Keve Hjelm. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director P.A. Lundgren.

P. A. Lundgren
Per Axel Lundgren (1911–2002), credited as P. A. Lundgren, was a Swedish art director active in Swedish cinema from the 1940s to 1980s. He is known in particular for his collaborations with the film director Ingmar Bergman.
Universals Sports Club
Universals Sports Club is a cricket ground in Harare, Zimbabwe. The ground is bordered to the north by the Louis Mountbatten School, to the east by the Rekayi Tangwena Avenue and to the west and south by open ground. Manicaland played a single List A match at the ground in the 2003/04 Faithwear Clothing Inter-Provincial One-Day Competition against Matabeleland. Rain ensured the match ended in no result, with Manicaland having reached 119/2 in their innings, with Piet Rinke and Neil Ferreira recording half centuries.

Manicaland cricket team
The Manicaland cricket team was a first-class cricket team representing the Manicaland province in Zimbabwe. They competed in the Logan Cup from 1999 until the format was revamped after the 2004–05 season. The club played their home matches at the Mutare Sports Club.
Frank Marshall (photographer)
Frank Marshall (born 30 July 1985) is a South African photographer mostly concerned with portraiture and the photography of music and known for his work on portraying heavy metal subculture in Botswana. He is represented by Rooke Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa.

World Photography Organisation
The World Photography Organisation is a British company best known for its annual Sony World Photography Awards. The company was founded in 2007 by Scott Gray, and is now a subsidiary of Gray's art events company Creo.

The World Photography Organisation hosts a year-round portfolio of events including the Sony World Photography Awards, and Photofairs—art fairs dedicated to presenting fine art photography and moving image.

The company also creates, produces and delivers photographic events for a variety of partners, from exhibitions of individual artists, to platforms on the subject of photography involving artists, and curators from over 20 countries.
Meseguer
Meseguer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Álvaro Meseguer (born 1992), Spanish footballer

Ona Meseguer (born 1988), Spanish water polo player

Silvia Meseguer (born 1989), Spanish footballer

Víctor Meseguer (born 1999), Spanish footballer

Ona Meseguer
Ona Meseguer Flaqué (born 20 February 1988) is a Spanish waterpolo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Spain women's national water polo team in the women's event winning the silver medal.
May Luna
May Luna (born May 3, 1998) is a Filipino volleyball athlete. She played with the De La Salle University collegiate women's varsity volleyball in the Season 78 of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines. She has also played in the Philippine Volleyball Federation National Inter-Collegiate Volleyball Tournament (InterCol), Philippine National Games, Philippine University Games, Palarong Pambansa and Shakey's G-League.

Philippine University Games
The Philippine University Games, abbreviated as the UNIGAMES, is a national collegiate sports competition in the Philippines organized by UNIGAMES, Incorporated.  Founded in 1996, it was first held at the University of St. La Salle, the founding host, in Bacolod, Philippines.
Siliștea, Teleorman
Siliștea is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Butești, Siliștea and Siliștea Mică. It also included Purani and Puranii de Sus villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Purani commune.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Aapdi Thaapdi
Aapdi Thaapdi is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language drama film written and directed by Anand Karir. It stars Shreyas Talpade, Mukta Barve, Sandeep Pathak and Navin Prabhakar and was released theatrically on 5 October 2022.

Sandeep Pathak (actor)
Sandeep Pathak (born 14 May 1978) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor in Marathi and Hindi Language. He has featured in television shows such as Asambhav, Eka Lagnachi Dusri Goshta. His notable films are Poshter Girl, Harishchandrachi Factory, Ek Hazarachi Note, Rangaa Patangaa. He is also known for his work in theatre with plays such as Varhad Nighalay Londonla, Sakharam Binder, Asami Asa Mi, Vyakti Aani Valli. He has done many comedies shows like Hasa Chakat Fu, Fu Bai Fu and Comedy Express.
Haasil (Pakistani TV series)
Haasil (Eng: Result) is a Pakistani drama television series aired during 2016-17 on Geo Entertainment. It is produced by Huzu Productions and stars Ahsan Khan, Mawra Hocane and Sonya Hussain in leads. The series revolves around two friends with contrasting personalities and family backgrounds.

Geo Entertainment
Geo Entertainment or Har Pal Geo is a Pakistani entertainment television channel established by Geo Television Network in May 2002. Its test transmission started on 14 August 2002 on the PAS 10 digital satellite whereas on 1 October 2002 the regular transmission of Geo Entertainment was started.
Ahmed Fakhry
Ahmed Fakhry (Arabic: أحمد فخري) (born in Faiyum Governorate in 1905 – Paris, 7 June 1973) was an Egyptian archaeologist who worked in the Western desert of Egypt (including in 1940 dig at El Haiz, and then at Siwa), and also in the necropolis at Dahshur.

The exhibition of archival material traces key stages of his life and presents Egypt as seen through the eyes of Ahmed Fakhry, using his photographs, notes, and sketches. He conducted an excavation at Deir el-Haga in the Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Bahariya Oasis
Bahariya Oasis (Arabic: الواحات البحرية, romanized: El-Wāḥāt El-Baḥrīya, "the Northern Oases") is a depression and a naturally rich oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is approximately 370 km away from Cairo. The roughly oval valley extends from northeast to southwest, has a length of 94 km, a maximum width of 42 km and covers an area of about 2000 km2.

The valley is surrounded by mountains and has numerous springs. Located in Giza Governorate, the main economic sectors are agriculture, iron ore mining, and tourism. The main agricultural products are guavas, mangos, dates, and olives.
Christen Aagaard
Christen Lauritsen Aagaard (27 or 28 January 1616, in Viborg, Denmark – 5 February 1664, in Ribe) was a Danish poet. He studied from 1635 to 1639 in Copenhagen. Since 1647 he was professor of poetry at the University of Copenhagen. In 1651 he became rector and in 1658 lecturer in theology at Ribe, in Jutland and also preacher at Vester-Vedsted. Among other Latin poems, he wrote Threni Hyperborei [Lamentations of the North], published, in folio, in 1648, on the death of Christian IV, King of Denmark. Several of his pieces are inserted in the first volume of Rostgaard's Deliciae Poëtarum Danorum (Copenhagen 1693).

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.
2018 California State Assembly election
The 2018 California State Assembly election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, with the primary election being held on June 5, 2018. Voters in the 80 districts of the California State Assembly elected their representatives. The election coincided with those for other offices, including for governor and the California State Senate.

The Democratic Party flipped five Republican seats: the 16th, 38th, 40th, 74th, and 76th districts. These victories gave the Democrats a three-fourths supermajority of 60 seats, building upon the two-thirds supermajority that they gained in the previous election cycle.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences
College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences (COAVS) (Urdu: کالج آف آفتھلمالوجی اینڈ ایلائیڈ ویژن سائنسز) formerly known as Punjab institute of Preventive Ophthalmology (PIPO) is one of the finest Ophthalmic Institute in Pakistan. it is attached with Mayo Hospital which was built in 1872 and was named after Lord Mack Mayo and King Edward Medical University which was built in 1860 and was named after King Edward.

Mayo Hospital
Mayo Hospital (Punjabi, Urdu: میو اسپتال) is the Largest Hospital of Pakistan located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. King Edward Medical University, one of the oldest medical institutions in South Asia, is attached to Mayo Hospital. Mayo Hospital is located in the heart of Old Lahore, and provides free treatment to almost all admitted patients as part of a government policy. The hospital  stretches over a land of 54.6 acres (0.22 km2; 0.085 sq mi).

It underwent a major overhaul recently, during which many of its departments were renovated to give the hospital a modern look. It includes the Accident and Emergency Department Building, the Paediatrics Department Building, and the Eye Department Building.
Kaempferia
Kaempferia is a genus of plants in the ginger family. It is native to China, India, and Southeast Asia.

The genus is named after the naturalist and traveller Engelbert Kaempfer, who lived in Japan and east Asia for the years 1689-1693 and was one of the first Europeans to write detailed descriptions of plants there.

Engelbert Kaempfer
Engelbert Kaempfer (16 September 1651 – 2 November 1716) was a German naturalist, physician, explorer, and writer known for his tour of Russia, Persia, India, Southeast Asia, and Japan between 1683 and 1693.

He wrote two books about his travels. Amoenitatum exoticarum, published in 1712, is important for its medical observations and the first extensive description of Japanese plants (Flora Japonica). His History of Japan, published posthumously in 1727, was the chief source of Western knowledge about the country throughout the 18th and mid-19th centuries, when it was closed to foreigners.
Ekka Dokka
Ekka Dokka (transl. One, Two) is a medical drama television series that premiered on Bengali general entertainment channel Star Jalsha from 18 July 2022. The show is produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures. The show has Saptarshi Maulik, Sonamoni Saha, Pratik Sen, Aparajita Ghosh Das, Sudip Mukherjee and many other popular actors.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Shan Morgan
Dame Shan Elizabeth Morgan DCMG (born 12 March 1955) is a former British civil servant. Formerly the Deputy Permanent Representative, UK Representation to the European Union, she was the Permanent Secretary to the Welsh Government until October 2021.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Chuck Davis (businessman)
Chuck Davis (born 1960) is an Internet entrepreneur, and chairman and CEO of Prodege, LLC, an El Segundo, California-based online marketing and consumer research company.

His career includes having been CEO of movie ticket site Fandango, and Shopzilla, also known as Bizrate.com.

Fandango Media
Fandango Media, LLC is an American ticketing company that sells movie tickets via its website and its mobile app. It also owns Fandango at Home (formerly owned by Walmart and originally known as Vudu), a streaming digital video store and streaming service, and Rotten Tomatoes, a website that provides television and streaming media information. It is a joint venture between Versant and Warner Bros. Discovery.
Shoigu (name)
Shoigu, also spelled Shoygu (Russian: Шойгу), is a Tuvan given name and surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Larisa Shoigu (1953–2021), Russian politician

Sergei Shoigu (born 1955), Russian politician and military officer

Yulia Shoigu (born 1977), Russian politician

All three individuals listed are descendants of Kuzhuget Shoigu (né Shoigu Kuzhuget), whose first name and surname were transposed on official forms due to a Soviet government-ordered name change.

Tuvan language
Tuvan, also spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia.
Rhod Gilbert's Bulging Barrel of Laughs
Rhod Gilbert's Bulging Barrel of Laughs is a 6-part radio show on BBC Radio 2 hosted by comedian Rhod Gilbert. The show is co-hosted by Greg Davies and Lloyd Langford with support from Sarah Millican. Each week the 1 hour show contains a mix of stand up comedy from the regular cast and a guest comedian. There is also a musical act that play numerous songs throughout the show.

Sarah Millican
Sarah Jane Millican (née King; born 29 May 1975) is an English comedian. Millican won the comedy award for Best Newcomer at the 2008 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In February 2013 she was listed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Radio 4's Woman's Hour; in the same year, she married fellow comedian Gary Delaney. Her first book, How to Be Champion, was published in 2017. Among her accolades are two Chortle Awards, a British Comedy Award and two BAFTA nominations.
Amanda Ansell
Amanda Ansell (born 1976) is an English artist. She studied Fine Art at Norwich University of the Arts between 1995 and 1998 and then at the Slade School of Fine Art, University College London from 1998 to 2000. After living in London for seven years, she returned to her native Suffolk in 2006 to begin an artist residency at Firstsite, Colchester. The same year, a body of work was selected for exhibition at Kettles Yard, Cambridge and she was nominated for Jerwood Contemporary Painters.

Her paintings are abstract and make use of a limited palette to explore the relationship between artist and nature.

Norwich University of the Arts
The Norwich University of the Arts (NUA) is a public university in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom that specialises in art, design, media, architecture and performance. It was founded as Norwich School of Design in 1845 and has a long history of arts education. It gained full university status in 2013. The NUA is the smaller of two universities in Norwich, the other being the University of East Anglia (UEA).
La Vache
La Vache is a cave in located in the Northern Range, on the north coast of Trinidad. The Caves are home to the Oilbirds, These are the only nocturnal fruit eating birds in the world. They forage at night, navigating by echolocation in the same way as bats.

Oilbird
The oilbird (Steatornis caripensis), locally known as the guácharo, is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the only living species in the genus Steatornis, the family Steatornithidae, and the order Steatornithiformes. Nesting in colonies in caves, oilbirds are nocturnal feeders on the fruits of the oil palm and tropical laurels. They are the only nocturnal flying fruit-eating birds in the world (the kākāpō, also nocturnal, is flightless). They forage at night, with specially adapted eyesight. However, they navigate by echolocation in the same way as bats, one of the few birds  to do so. They produce a high-pitched clicking sound of around 2 kHz that is audible to humans.
Tendon transfer
A tendon transfer is a surgical process in which the insertion of a tendon is moved, but the origin remains in the same location. Tendon transfer involves redistribution of muscle power, not recreation. Tendons are transferred at the distal attachment from lesser to more important functions so that the overall function is improved. Tendon transfers provide a substitute which can be permanent or temporary, when muscle function is lost either due to nerve injuries or injuries to the muscle/tendon unit. Tendon transfers are also performed to correct the imbalanced muscle tone due to spasticity resulting from injuries to the central nervous system.

Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.