hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jan Baz
Jan Baz Khan is a citizen of Afghanistan who allegedly turned over innocent men to American troops in the beginning of the war in Afghanistan.

One of the detainees who were beaten to death at Bagram was a taxi driver named Dilawar.
A May 20, 2005 article in the New York Times reports that 
Dilawar was captured by troops loyal to Jan Baz Khan, the "guerrilla commander" who guarded Firebase Salerno, shortly after three rockets were fired at the base.
American troops beat Dilawar to death on December 10, 2002, five days after he arrived at Bagram.
According to the article, by February 2003, Bagram intelligence analysts concluded that Jan Baz was handing over innocent men to garner American approval, and that he was behind the rocket attack himself.

Intelligence analysis
Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural context. The descriptions are drawn from what may only be available in the form of deliberately deceptive information; the analyst must correlate the similarities among deceptions and extract a common truth. Although its practice is found in its purest form inside national intelligence agencies, its methods are also applicable in fields such as business intelligence or competitive intelligence.
Josef Pierre Nuyttens
Josef Pierre Nuyttens (also known as Pierre Nuyttens; August 7, 1885 – January 9, 1960) was a Belgian-American artist. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. His most notable works were his illustrations for four books by L. Frank Baum as well as many portraits of famous people. Currently his art is displayed in many permanent collections such as the Art Institute of Chicago and the National Portrait Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
How the Beatles Changed the World (film)
How the Beatles Changed the World is a 2017 documentary film directed by Tom O'Dell. The film argues that 1960s/70s English rock band The Beatles had a profound and lasting impact on art, culture, and music, a legacy that continues to this day. It also examines the group's influence on youth culture and anti-war movements.

The documentary features interviews with several notable figures, including Bill Harry, who arranged for Brian Epstein to see The Beatles perform in 1961, as well as music critic and writer Anthony DeCurtis, journalist Robert Christgau, and writer Barry Miles. The film also includes rare archival footage and photographs of the band.

How the Beatles Changed the World had its UK premiere on 23 October 2017 and received mixed reviews from critics.

Barry Miles
Barry Miles (born 21 February 1943) is an English author known for his participation in and writing on the subjects of the 1960s London underground and counterculture. He is the author of numerous books and his work has also regularly appeared in newspapers such as The Guardian. In the 1960s, he was co-owner of the Indica Gallery and helped start the independent newspaper International Times.
Bridgewater Treatises
The Bridgewater Treatises (1833–36) are a series of eight works that were written by leading scientific figures appointed by the President of the Royal Society in fulfilment of a bequest of £8000, made by Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, for work on "the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation."

Despite being voluminous and costly, the series was very widely read and discussed, becoming one of the most important contributions to Victorian literature on the relationship between religion and science.  They made such an impact that Charles Darwin began On the Origin of Species with a quotation from the Bridgewater Treatise of William Whewell.

Transmutation of species
The Transmutation of species and transformism are 18th and early 19th-century ideas about the change of one species into another that preceded Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection. The French Transformisme was a term used by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 for his theory, and other 18th and 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Denis Diderot, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Erasmus Darwin, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers, the anonymous author of the 1844 book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Such ideas were associated with 18th century ideas of Deism and human progress. Opposition in the scientific community to these early theories of evolution, led by influential scientists like the anatomists Georges Cuvier and Richard Owen, and the geologist Charles Lyell, was intense. The debate over them was an important stage in the history of evolutionary thought and influenced the subsequent reaction to Darwin's theory.
2025 Tennis in the Land
The 2025 Tennis in the Land event, sponsored by Rocket Mortgage, was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Nautica Entertainment Complex in The Flats in Cleveland, Ohio. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 category of the 2025 WTA Tour. The tournament took place from August 17–23, 2025.

WTA 250 tournaments
WTA 250 is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021. Earlier these events were classified as WTA International Tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 250. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("Major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 500 for winning a WTA 500 tournament.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 250 tournaments' prize money was approximately $250,000. As of 2025 season, this has risen to $275,094. All tournaments have a 32 player main draw for singles and a 16 team main draw for doubles.
Artiya'il
Artiya'il (Arabic: رتائيل) is an angel in Islamic lore, believed to remove the grief of humans. He is mentioned in the hadith collection of Jalal Al-Din Al-Suyuti: when Abu Muslim al-Khawlani was awaiting news from Byzantium, the angel came down in the shape of a bird and introduced himself as the 
angel Artiya'il, the angel who removes the memories of anxiety.

Byzantium
Byzantium (/bɪˈzæntiəm, -ʃəm/) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinization Byzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BCE and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Exploratory causal analysis
Causal analysis is the field of experimental design and statistical analysis pertaining to establishing cause and effect. Exploratory causal analysis (ECA), also known as data causality or causal discovery is the use of statistical algorithms to infer associations in observed data sets that are potentially causal under strict assumptions. ECA is a type of causal inference distinct from causal modeling and treatment effects in randomized controlled trials. It is exploratory research usually preceding more formal causal research in the same way exploratory data analysis often precedes statistical hypothesis testing in data analysis

GNU Octave
GNU Octave is a scientific programming language for scientific computing and numerical computation. Octave helps in solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with MATLAB. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language. As part of the GNU Project, it is free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Here There Be Tygers
"Here There Be Tygers" is a short story by American writer Ray Bradbury, originally published in the anthology New Tales of Space and Time in 1951. It was later collected in Bradbury's short story collections R is for Rocket and The Golden Apples of the Sun.

Raymond J. Healy
Raymond John Healy (September 21, 1907 – July 17, 1997) was an American anthologist who edited four science fiction anthologies from 1946 to 1955, two with J. Francis McComas. Their first collaboration, Adventures in Time and Space, (1946) is generally recognized as the finest early anthology from the Golden Age of Science Fiction.
Atom Man vs. Superman
Atom Man vs. Superman is a 1950 American film serial and the second Superman movie serial featuring Kirk Alyn, credited (as with the previous serial) only by his character name, Superman.

When Luthor  blackmails the city of Metropolis by threatening to destroy the entire community, Perry White, editor of the Daily Planet assigns Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen and Clark Kent to cover the story. The first chapter was released in July 1950.

Daily Planet
The Daily Planet is a fictional newspaper appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Superman. The newspaper was first mentioned in Action Comics #9 (November 13, 1939) – Underworld Politics, War on Crime. The Daily Planet building's distinguishing feature is the enormous globe that sits on top of the building.

Based in the fictional city of Metropolis, the paper employs Clark Kent, Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen, and Perry White as its editor-in-chief. The building's original features were inspired  by the Old Toronto Star Building where Superman's co-creator, Joe Shuster, was a newsboy when the Toronto Star was still called the Daily Star. Shuster has claimed that Metropolis was visually inspired by Toronto. Over the years, however, Metropolis has come to serve as an analogue to New York City.
Aram Ayrapetyan
Aram Yuryevich Ayrapetyan (Armenian: Արամ Հայրապետյան; Russian: Арам Юрьевич Айрапетян; born 22 November 1986) is a professional football goalkeeper who plays for Kaisar. Born in Russia, he represents the Armenia national team.

Armenia national football team
The Armenia national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia, the governing body for football in Armenia.

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, the team played its first international match on 12 October 1992. The national team has participated in the qualification of every major tournament from the UEFA Euro 1996 onwards, though they are yet to qualify for the final stages of either a UEFA European Football Championship or a FIFA World Cup. The team's main achievements have been third-place finish in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage, and being promoted to the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League B.

The primary training ground is at the Technical Center-Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia in the northern Avan District of the capital Yerevan, and the team plays their home matches at the Republican Stadium.
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well is an oil painting by Italian artist Carlo Maratta, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It shows the story of Abraham's servant Eliezer giving Rebecca jewels to seal her betrothal to Isaac, after she had demonstrated the kindness foreseen by Abraham in offering water to Eliezer's camels (Gen. 24:11-20).

Isaac
Isaac is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Rastafari. Isaac first appears in the Torah, in which he is the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob and Esau, and the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Isaac's name means "he will laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child. He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not move out of Canaan. According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs.

Recent scholarship has discussed the possibility that Isaac could have originally been an ancestor from the Beersheba region who was venerated at a sanctuary.
Garrett Mack
Garrett Mack (born c. 1989 or 1990) is an American college football coach. He is the defensive line coach for Duquesne University, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Notre Dame College from 2022 until 2023 when the school announced it was closing. He coached for Baldwin Wallace, Fairview High School, Holy Name High School, Oberlin High School, and Oberlin.

Baldwin Wallace Yellow Jackets football
The Baldwin Wallace Yellow Jackets football team represents Baldwin Wallace University, located in Berea, Ohio, in NCAA Division III college football competition.

The Yellow Jackets, who began playing football in 1893, are members of the Ohio Athletic Conference.

Baldwin Wallace have won more games than any other team in the OAC.

The team was coached by Lee Tressel for 23 seasons between 1958 and 1980, a period that included a national championship and undefeated record in 1978.
Gravelly Hill railway station
Gravelly Hill railway station is a station below the surrounding ground level and can be accessed by a staircase or ramp to reach the platforms. It serves the Gravelly Hill area of Birmingham, England. It is situated on the Redditch/Bromsgrove-Birmingham New Street-Four Oaks-Lichfield Cross-City Line.

Four Oaks, Sutton Coldfield
Four Oaks is an affluent residential area in Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, lying along the north and east borders of Sutton Park. Four Oaks is situated approximately 7+1⁄2 miles (12 kilometres) north of Birmingham City Centre, and is bordered by Sutton Park, Streetly, Mere Green, Little Aston and Sutton Coldfield Town Centre. Four Oaks has a population of 21,690 as of 2004, and is part of the Sutton Four Oaks electoral ward.
Pamela Brown
Pamela Brown is the name of:

Pamela Brown (actress) (1917–1975), English actress

Pamela Brown, actress daughter of Kentucky politician John Y. Brown, Sr. and passenger of the ill-fated balloon Free Life that attempted to cross the Atlantic in 1970

Pamela Brown (writer) (1924–1989), British writer

Pamela Brown (journalist) (born 1983), American television reporter and newscaster

Pam Brown (born 1948), Australian poet

Pam Brown (Nebraska politician) (1952–2011), Nebraska state senator

Pam Brown (New Hampshire politician), New Hampshire state legislator

"Pamela Brown" (song), song by Tom T. Hall

Pamela Brown (actress)
Pamela Mary Brown (8 July 1917 – 19 September 1975) was a British actress. For her portrayal of Queen Victoria's mother Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent in Victoria Regina (1961) she was awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
Lysimachia minoricensis
Lysimachia minoricensis is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It was endemic to the island of Menorca in Spain. Its natural habitat was Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It became extinct within its natural range due to habitat loss and now only survives in cultivation.

Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from Latin: Insula Minor, lit. 'smaller island', later Minorica) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca (Majorca). Its capital is Maó, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella de Menorca and Maó are the main ports and largest towns.

Per the Census of 1 January 2025, Menorca had a population of 102,477. Its highest point, a hill in the middle of the island named El Toro (from Catalan "turó" meaning hill), is 358 metres (1,175 feet) above sea level.
San Fermin (album)
San Fermin is the debut album by chamber pop collective San Fermin. It was developed, written, and produced by composer Ellis Ludwig-Leone and performed by a loose collection of New York-based musicians who performed Ludwig-Leone's composition under the name San Fermin. An official band came about after the recording of the record. San Fermin received critical acclaim from outlets including NPR and Pitchfork.

NPR Music
NPR Music is a project of National Public Radio, an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization, that launched in November 2007 to present public radio music programming and original editorial content for music discovery. NPR Music offers current and archival podcasts, live concert webcasts, reviews, music lists, news, studio sessions, and interviews to listen to from NPR and partner public radio stations across the country, as well as an index of public radio music stations streaming live on the Internet.  There have been two blogs: "Monitor Mix" (now defunct) by Sleater-Kinney musician Carrie Brownstein and the All Songs Considered Blog by Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton.
Snakes in the Playground
Snakes in the Playground is the fifth studio album by American Christian metal band Bride. Seen by critics as the best release of Bride's hard rock era, Snakes in the Playground is commonly known as the breakthrough album in the band's career. This album would produce more touring and press appeal for the band, as well as win Bride two GMA Dove Awards for best song.

In 2010, HM Magazine listed Snakes in the Playground at No. 45 on its Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of All Time list stating that it "best captured the apex of their live energy and great songwriting" and is "a turning point for the legitimacy of true hard rock in the Christian market (as opposed to overly premeditated/watered-down youth group filler). Snakes… was to Bride what Appetite... was to G ‘n R." Heaven's Metal fanzine ranked it No. 9 on its Top 100 Christian metal albums of all-time list.

HM (magazine)
HM Magazine is a monthly, digital and print on demand publication focusing on hard rock music and alternative culture of interest to Christians. It is based in Houston, Texas. Originally published as Heaven's Metal, it was renamed to HM in 1995, and in late 2004 Heaven's Metal was reissued as a separate publication from HM, with some shared editorial overlap.
1984–85 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1984–85 Thorn EMI Rugby Union County Championship was the 85th edition of England's County Championship rugby union club competition.

Middlesex won their 8th title after defeating Notts, Lincs & Derby in the final.

Notts, Lincs & Derbyshire Rugby Football Union
The Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire & Derbyshire Rugby Football Union (NLD RFU) is a governing body for rugby union in part of The Midlands, England. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union for the counties of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire and Derbyshire, with each county also having its own sub-unions with additional club cup competitions. As well as overseeing club rugby, the Notts, Lincs and Derbyshire RFU also administers the county representative teams.
Lac St-Louis Junior AA Hockey League
The Ligue de Hockey Junior AA Lac St-Louis (Lac Saint-Louis Junior AA Hockey League) was a Junior "AA" (Junior "B" Canada-wide) ice hockey league in the province of Quebec, Canada. The league was sanctioned by Hockey Quebec and Hockey Canada.

Since 2018-2019 the surviving LSL teams have competed in the Ligue Hockey Metropolitaine Junior AA (LHMJAA). Two teams remain: the Dollard-des-Ormeaux Vipers and Vaudreuil Mustangs (Trois-Lacs Aigles).

The league champion competes for the Coupe Dodge, the annual Junior AA championship in Quebec.

Hockey Canada
Hockey Canada (which merged with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1994) is the national governing body of ice hockey and ice sledge hockey in Canada. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and controls the majority of organized ice hockey in Canada. There are some notable exceptions, such as the Canadian Hockey League, U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport), and Canada's professional hockey clubs; the former two are partnered with Hockey Canada but are not member organizations. Hockey Canada is based in Calgary, with a secondary office in Ottawa and regional centres in Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal.
The Thames and the Tower of London
The Thames and the Tower of London is a 1771 landscape painting by the British artist Samuel Scott.  A cityscape, it shows a view across looking northwards across the River Thames towards the Tower of London. In the City of London beyond it the  Monument and St Paul's Cathedral can be seen.

It was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1771 in Pall Mall, the only painting Scott ever exhibited at the Academy having displayed his works at the  Society of Artists of Great Britain. Today it is in the possession of the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut, having been acquired as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.  An alternative version is at Felbrigg Hall in Norfolk

Monument to the Great Fire of London
The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known simply as the Monument, is a fluted Doric column in London, England, situated near the northern end of London Bridge. Commemorating the Great Fire of London, it stands at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, 202 feet (61.6 m) in height and 202 feet west of the spot in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire started on 2 September 1666. Constructed between 1671 and 1677, it was built on the site of St Margaret, New Fish Street, the first church to be destroyed by the Great Fire. It is Grade I-listed and is a scheduled monument. Another monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks the point near Smithfield where the fire was stopped.
Museo Alfa Romeo
Museo Storico Alfa Romeo (Alfa Romeo Historical Museum; subsequently called Museo Alfa Romeo - La macchina del tempo, literally Alfa Romeo Museum - The time machine) is Alfa Romeo's official museum, located in Arese (Milan), and displaying a permanent collection of Alfa Romeo cars and engines.

After being closed down in 2011, the museum reopened in June 2015.

Mille Miglia
The Mille Miglia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmille ˈmiʎʎa], Thousand Miles) was an open-road, motorsport endurance race established in 1927 by the young Counts Francesco Mazzotti and Aymo Maggi. It took place in Italy 24 times from 1927 to 1957 (13 times before World War II, and 11 times from 1947).

Like the older Targa Florio and later the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico, the MM made grand tourers like Alfa Romeo, BMW, Ferrari, Maserati, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche famous. The race brought out an estimated 5 million spectators.

From 1953 until 1957, the Mille Miglia was also a round of the World Sports Car Championship.

Since 1977, the "Mille Miglia" has been reborn as a regularity race for classic and vintage cars. Participation is limited to cars, produced no later than 1957, which had attended (or were registered to) the original race. The route (Brescia–Rome round trip) is similar to that of the original race, maintaining the point of departure/arrival in Viale Venezia in Brescia.