hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Town, British Columbia
Old Town is a ghost town of British Columbia, located in a region called the East Kootenay, on the south side of Perry Creek, northwest of Cranbrook. The town contained dance halls, several saloons, hotels, three stores and a jail. The town was created around 1867 and lasted about ten years. Old Town supported the miners who worked placer claims on Perry Creek. When the gold on Perry Creek dwindled, Old Town disappeared. In 1973 only one building remained on the Old Town site.

Perry Creek (British Columbia)
Perry Creek is a creek located in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia.  The creek was discovered in 1867 by Frank Perry.  This creek has been mined for gold.  Perry Creek has been mined by various methods, including hydraulicking, tunneling, steam shovel, wingdamming, and sniping.
Cathayanthe
Cathayanthe biflora is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It is a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte native to Hainan and northern Vietnam. It is the sole species in genus Cathayanthe.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Maravanpatti
Maravanpatti is a small village located in the Karambakudi block in the Pudukkottai district. It is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Pudukottai Bus stop and 15 kilometres (9 mi) from Alangudi. Maravanpatti is administered under Karambakudi, and is considered under Kanakkankadu Panchayath. It has a population of 3,200 living in 678 households (as of 1 March 2011).

Pudukkottai district
Pudukkottai district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Pudukkottai is the district headquarters. It is also known colloquially as Pudhugai. The city is also known as Thondaiman Pudukkottai.

Pudukkottai district is bounded on the northeast and east by Thanjavur District, on the southeast by the Palk Strait, on the southwest by Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga districts, and on the west and northwest by Tiruchirapalli District. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,618,345 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males.

The district has an area of 4,663 km2 with a coastline of 42 km. The district lies between 78° 25' and 79° 15' east longitude and between 9° 50' and 10° 40' of the north latitude.
Adedayo Omolafe
Adedayo Isaac Omolafe (18 April 1964 – 16 August 2021) was a Nigerian politician and legislator of the Nigerian National Assembly. He represented Akure North/South federal constituency in the Nigerian House of Representatives. He hailed from Akure in the southwestern part of Nigeria. He was a member of the Peoples Democratic Party and was also known by the moniker, Expensive.

Akure South
Akure South is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Akure.

It has an area of 331 km2 and a population of 353,211 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 340.
Joint Special Operations Command
The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a joint component command of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is charged with studying special operations requirements and techniques to ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, to plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, to develop joint special operations tactics, and to execute special operations missions worldwide.  It was established in 1980 on recommendation of Colonel Charlie Beckwith, in the aftermath of the failure of Operation Eagle Claw. It is headquartered at Pope Field (Fort Bragg, North Carolina).

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
Kante (surname)
Kante is a surname of African origin. Alternative spellings include Kanté and Kant. Notable people with the surname include:

Cédric Kanté (born 1979), Malian football player

Djibril Kante (born 1980), American basketball player

Ibrahim Kante (born 1981), Malian football player

José Kanté (born 1990), Guinean professional footballer born in Spain

Mory Kanté (1950-2020), Guinean-Malian vocalist

N'Golo Kanté (born 1991), French football player

Solomana Kante (1922–1987), Guinean writer

Kanté
Kanté is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aboubakary Kanté (born 1994), Gambian-French footballer

Cédric Kanté (born 1979), Malian-French footballer

Daouda Kanté (born 1978), Malian footballer

Guyan Kanté (born 1982), Ivorian footballer

José Kanté Martínez (born 1990), Spanish footballer

Koly Kanté (born 1982), Malian footballer

Lamine Kanté (born 1987), French basketball player

Massiré Kanté (born 1989), French footballer

Mohamed T. Kanté (born 1985), Malian-American technologist and social entrepreneur

Mory Kanté (born 1997), Guinean footballer

Mory Kanté (1950–2020), Guinean-Malian musician

N'Golo Kanté (born 1991), French footballer

Ousmane Kanté (born 1989), Guinean-French footballer

Seydou Badjan Kanté (born 1981), Ivorian footballer

Soumaoro Kanté (13th century), king of the Sosso people

Youssouf Kanté (born 1984), French footballer
Chris Hoofnagle
Chris Jay Hoofnagle is an American professor at the University of California, Berkeley who teaches information privacy law, computer crime law, regulation of online privacy, internet law, and seminars on new technology. Hoofnagle has contributed to the privacy literature by writing privacy law legal reviews and conducting research on the privacy preferences of Americans. Notably, his research demonstrates that most Americans prefer not to be targeted online for advertising and despite claims to the contrary, young people care about privacy and take actions to protect it. Hoofnagle has written scholarly articles regarding identity theft, consumer privacy, U.S. and European privacy laws, and privacy policy suggestions.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Mark Soosaar
Mark Soosaar (officially Mark-Toomas Soosaar; born 12 January 1946 in Viljandi) is an Estonian film director, cinematographer, screenwriter and politician. He has been member of X and XI Riigikogu.

Soosaar graduated from the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in 1970. He worked for Eesti Televisioon from 1970 until 1978 and Tallinnfilm from 1978 until in 1991 as a director and cinematographer before moving to Pärnu and founding his own film studio, Weiko Saawa Film. He is the director of Museum of New Art, as well the founder chairman of the Kihnu Cultural Institute .

He is a member of the Estonian Social Democratic Party.

Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography
The Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, officially the S. A. Gerasimov All-Russian University of Cinematography (Russian: Всероссийский государственный институт кинематографии имени С. А. Герасимова, romanized: Vserossiyskiy gosudarstvyennyy institut kinematografii imyeni S. A. Gerasimova, meaning
All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov), a.k.a. VGIK, is a film school in Moscow, Russia.
Ernst Wulf
Ernst Wulf (3 October 1921 – 2 October 1979) was an East German farmer and political activist who served as chairman of the Peasants Mutual Aid Association, a mass organization within the National Front, from 1964 to 1979.

During the reign of the Third Reich, Wulf was a member of the Reich Labour Service, and fought in the Wehrmacht in World War II, before being captured. After the war, he worked in Hanover for two years before moving to his home town, in the newly created German Democratic Republic. He joined the SED and became noted in the country for his contributions to agricultural output. He was a candidate for the Central Committee of the party in 1958.

In 1960, he was elected deputy chairman of the VdgB, and in 1964 he became chairman, a post he would hold until his death in 1979.

Reich Labour Service
The Reich Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst; RAD) was a major paramilitary organization established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ideology. It was the official state labour service, divided into separate sections for men and women.

From June 1935 onward, men aged between 18 and 25 may have served six months before their military service. During World War II, compulsory service also included young women, and the RAD developed to an auxiliary formation which provided support for the Wehrmacht armed forces.
1987 Sovran Bank D.C. National Tennis Classic – Doubles
Hans Gildemeister and Andrés Gómez were the defending champions, but both players decided to rest after competing in the Davis Cup the previous week.

Gary Donnelly and Peter Fleming won the title by defeating Laurie Warder and Blaine Willenborg 6–2, 7–6 in the final.

1987 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1987 Davis Cup.

11 teams entered the Americas Zone in total, with the winner promoted to the following year's World Group. Brazil defeated Ecuador in the final and qualified for the 1988 World Group.
Bruland (surname)
Bruland is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Trulsson Bruland (1770–1818), Norwegian civil servant and politician

Bjarte Bruland (born 1969), Norwegian historian

Øyvind S. Bruland (born 1952), Norwegian oncologist

Sverre Bruland (1923–2013), Norwegian trumpeter and conductor

Øyvind S. Bruland
Øyvind Sverre Bruland (born 14 December 1952) is a professor of Clinical Oncology and faculty of Medicine at the University of Oslo. He published his first Publication

in 1988 when he was 32 years old. Bruland holds a B.Sc., M.D and Ph.D. from the University of Oslo, Norway. His research includes: primary bone and soft tissue cancers (sarcomas) and skeletal metastases from prostate cancer and breast cancer; targeted radionuclide therapy, for instance the clinical development of Alpharadin, based on Radium-223; the tumor biology and prognostic impact of micro-metastases in bone-marrow aspirates on patients with primary bone cancer (osteosarcoma); external beam radiotherapy; and the radiotherapy of skeletal metastases and soft-tissue sarcomas.

He has served as supervisor to twelve Ph.D. students, nine so far having completed their Ph.D. theses. In 2008 he was elected as a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Analytic language
An analytic language is a type of natural language that uses affixes very rarely but in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by prepositions, postpositions, particles, and modifiers. This is opposed to synthetic languages, which synthesize many concepts into a single word, using affixes regularly.

Syntactic roles are assigned to words primarily by word order. For example, by changing the individual words in the Latin phrase "fēl-is pisc-em cēpit" ("the cat caught the fish") to "fēl-em pisc-is cēpit" ("the fish caught the cat"), the fish becomes the subject, while the cat becomes the object. This transformation is not possible in an analytic language without altering the word order. Typically, analytic languages have a low morpheme-per-word ratio, especially with respect to inflectional morphemes.

No natural language, however, is purely analytic or purely synthetic.

Affix
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. Derivational affixes,  such as un-, -ation, anti-, pre- etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. Inflectional affixes introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. -(e)s), or present simple tense into present continuous or past tense by  adding -ing, -ed to an English word. All of them are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes.
Mance (surname)
Mance is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Mance, Croatian footballer

Charlie Mance, Australian soldier

Dragan Mance, Yugoslav footballer

Henry Christopher Mance (1840–1926), inventor of the Mance heliograph

Henry Osborne Mance (1875–1960), British Brigadier-General, son of the above

Jeanne Mance (1606–1673), founder of Montreal

Jonathan Mance, Baron Mance, British jurist

Joshua Mance, American sprinter

Junior Mance, American jazz pianist and composer

Mary Arden, Lady Arden of Heswall, Baroness Mance, wife of Jonathan

Mary Arden, Lady Arden of Heswall
Mary Howarth Arden, Baroness Mance, DBE, PC (born 23 January 1947), known professionally as Lady Arden of Heswall, is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Before that, she was a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.
Dragon Tiger Gate
Dragon Tiger Gate is a 2006 Hong Kong martial arts fantasy film directed by Wilson Yip and featuring fight choreography by Donnie Yen, who also starred in the lead role. The film co-stars Nicholas Tse, Shawn Yue, Dong Jie, Li Xiaoran, Yu Kang, Chen Kuan-tai, and Yuen Wah. The film is based on the manhua Oriental Heroes, which bears the same Chinese title as the film. The film's release in all English-speaking territories is handled by The Weinstein Company.

A punching bag constructed for the film, measuring about 8 feet (2.4 m) high, 5 feet (1.5 m) wide and weighing about 400 pounds, was certified as the world's largest by Guinness World Records.

Stage combat
Stage combat, fight craft  or fight choreography is a specialised technique in theatre designed to create the illusion of physical combat without causing harm to the performers. It is employed in live stage plays as well as operatic and ballet productions. With the advent of cinema and television the term has widened to also include the choreography of filmed fighting sequences, as opposed to the earlier live performances on stage. It is closely related to the practice of stunts and is a common field of study for actors. Actors famous for their stage fighting skills frequently have backgrounds in dance, gymnastics or martial arts training.
Yehudah Leib Levin
Yehudah Leib ha-Levi Levin (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה לֵיִבּ הַלֵּוִי לֵוִין; 1844 – 30 November 1925), also known by the acronyms Yehalel and  Yehalal, was a Hebrew socialist maskilic Hebrew poet, writer, and publicist. His poems were the first to introduce socialist themes into Hebrew literature.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Sudhir Mehta
Sudhir Uttamlal Mehta (born 1954) is an Indian billionaire businessman. Together with his brother, Samir Mehta, he operates Torrent Group, a conglomerate founded by their late father, U. N. Mehta, in 1959. As of December 2024, Sudhir and Samir Mehta's combined net worth was estimated at US$16.3 billion, ranking them 16th among India's richest individuals according to Forbes.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Haining Place and the Barony of Haining-Ross
Haining Place or The Haining in the Parish of Kilmarnock lies near an old fording place across the Cessnock Water in East Ayrshire, Parish of Riccarton, Scotland. Hanyng (sic) was the caput or laird's dwelling of the Barony of Haining-Ross with a tower house or keep located in a defensive position on a high promontory of land, half encircled by the river. Later Haining Place may have been a dower house, then a tenanted farm, finally being used as farm workers accommodation. Haining Place is now a ruin following a fire. The old farm of Haining Mains is still located nearby.

Earl of Portland
Earl of Portland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, firstly in 1633 and secondly in 1689. What proved to be a long co-held title, Duke of Portland, was created in 1716 and became extinct in 1990 upon the death of the ninth Duke, at which point the earldom passed to the most senior agnatic cousin, namely one of the 6th degree.
Darryl Takizo Yagi
Darryl Takizo YAGI (ヤギ・ダリル・タキゾウ, YAGI Darryl Takizō; born in 1943) is known as a school counselor, and Professor of Hyogo University of Teacher Education (HUTE: National university in JAPAN).

He graduated from University of California, Berkeley in 1965; Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology at California State University, Chico in 1968; and master of arts degree in Special Education at Sonoma State University in 1976.

From 1968, he worked as a school counselor at Willows Unified School District, Casa Grande High School, Old Adobe Union School District, and Petaluma Junior High School, California.
From 2006, he works as a Professor of HUTE.

He is the author of "The School Counseling (スクールカウンセリング入門　アメリカの現場に学ぶ, Sukūru kaunseringu nyūmon : amerika no genba ni manabu　ISBN 978-4-326-29859-4)", published by Keisō Shobō.

School counselor
A school counselor is a certified/licensed professional that provides academic, career, college readiness, and social-emotional support for all students. There are school counselor positions within each level of schooling (elementary, middle, high, and college). By developing and following a school counseling program, school counselors are able to provide students of all ages with the appropriate support and guidance needed for overall success.
Guangqumen Nei station
Guangqumen Nei Station (simplified Chinese: 广渠门内站; traditional Chinese: 廣渠門內站; pinyin: Guǎngqúmén Nèi Zhàn) is a station on Line 7 of the Beijing Subway. It was opened on December 28, 2014 as a part of the stretch between Beijing West railway station and Jiaohuachang and is located between Ciqikou and Guangqumenwai.

Line 7 (Beijing Subway)
Line 7 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁7号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě qīhàoxiàn) is a rapid transit line in Beijing. It runs parallel and to the south of Line 1 and Batong line, from the Beijing West railway station in Fengtai District to Universal Resort in Tongzhou District. Like Line 6, Line 7 provides additional relief to the overcapacity Line 1 adding another east–west trunk line to the Beijing Subway network. The line uses 8-car Type B trains. Line 7's color is beige.
Warter Priory
Warter Priory is an 11,000-acre (4,500 ha) country estate in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  Yorkshire Wolds, centred one mile (1.6 km) south-west of the village of Warter and three miles (4.8 km) east of Pocklington.  The estate had a country house from the 17th century until its demolition in 1972.

Pocklington
Pocklington (/ˈpɒklɪŋtən/) is a market town and civil parish at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, its population was 10,123. It lies 13 miles (21 km) east of York, and 22 miles (35 km) north-west of Hull.

The town's skyline is marked by the 15th-century tower of All Saints' parish church. The ecclesiastical parish includes the hamlet of Kilnwick Percy.
Maureen Malumise
Meisi Maureen Malumise (born 7 May 1934), also known as Maureen Madumise, is a retired South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2009. She was elected to the first democratic Parliament in 1994 and gained re-election in 1999 and 2004.

Malumise served the Free State constituency. During her third term in Parliament, she was the ANC's whip in the Portfolio Committee on Health.

1999 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 2 June 1999. The result was a landslide victory for the governing African National Congress (ANC), which gained fourteen seats. Incumbent president Nelson Mandela declined to seek re-election as president on grounds of his age. This election was notable for the sharp decline of the New National Party, previously the National Party (NP), which without former State President F. W. de Klerk lost more than half of their former support base. The liberal Democratic Party became the largest opposition party, after being the fifth largest party in the previous elections in 1994. The number of parties represented in the National Assembly increased to thirteen, with the United Democratic Movement, jointly headed by former National Party member Roelf Meyer, and former ANC member Bantu Holomisa, being the most successful of the newcomers with fourteen seats.
Simone White (writer)
Simone White (born 1972) is an American poet, literary critic, and assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2017, she won a Whiting Award for poetry. Much of her writing style is a hybrid between poetry and prose.

Whiting Awards
The Whiting Award is an American award presented annually to ten emerging writers in fiction, nonfiction, poetry and drama. The award is sponsored by the Mrs. Giles Whiting Foundation and has been presented since 1985. As of 2021, winners receive US$50,000.

The nominees are chosen through a juried process, and the final winners are selected by a committee of writers, scholars, and editors, selected each year by the Foundation. Writers cannot apply for the prize themselves, and the Foundation does not accept unsolicited nominations.
Ollo Naga
The Ollo people, also known as the Lazu Naga, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group that mostly resides in the Northeast Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and some in the Naga Self-Administered Zone in Myanmar. They inhabit 12 villages under Lazu circle in Tirap district. However, due to lack of official recognition from Government of Arunachal Pradesh they are considered a subgroup of ethnic Nocte people.

Tirap district
Tirap district (Pron:/tɪˈɹæp/) is a district located in the southeastern part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. It shares a state border with Assam, an international border with Myanmar and a district border with Changlang and Longding.