hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Axel Duboul
Henri Théodore Axel Duboul (18 March 1842 – 10 July 1902) was a French diplomat, man of letters, and historian whose specialty was the history of Toulouse.

Duboul was in born in Toulouse and served as the French consul at Galați in Romania between 1873 and 1874, then at Bilbao in Spain between 1874 and 1877.

He is known for his history of the Académie des Jeux floraux as well as his skill as an orator. He was elected to the academy in 1891 and occupied its eighth chair from 1892.

He died in the city of his birth at the age of 60. The street rue Sainte-Catherine in Toulouse was renamed rue Axel Duboul in 1930 to honour his contribution to the life of the city. He had served there as both a city councilor and as a councilor of the Haute-Garonne department.

Galați
Galați (UK: /ɡæˈlæts/ gal-ATS, US: /ɡɑːˈlɑːts(i)/ gah-LAHTS(-ee), Romanian: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the river Danube. and the sixth-largest of all cities on the river Danube. According to the 2021 census it is the 8th most populous city in Romania. Galați is an economic centre based around the port of Galați, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel factory in Romania, Galați steel works.
Dutta
Dutta, also spelled Datta (/ˈdʌtə/), is an Indian surname. Its variation is Dutt.

The surname is commonly found among Bengali Kayasthas, Suvarna Baniks, Gandhabaniks and some other castes in Bengal. The surname is also used by the Mohyal Brahmins of Punjab.

Datta means "given" or "granted" in Sanskrit and is also an alternative name for the Hindu deity Dattatreya.

Gandhabanik
Gandhabanik (Bengali: গন্ধবণিক) is a Bengali Hindu trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, cosmetics, spices etc. They were also  engaged in agriculture. As of late nineteenth century they were one of the fourteen castes belonging to Nabasakh group.

It is believed that the legendary sea merchant Chand Sadagar of ancient Champaknagar was from Gandhabanik community.
Gustave Drioul
Gustave Drioul (28 April 1876 – 2 June 1966) was a Belgian professional road cyclist. He rode professionally from 1902 to 1905. He was a member of the Cycles JC-Pector team. He is most known for achieving the tenth place overall in the 1904 Tour de France.

As he was iconic in the 1904 Tour de France he was one of the cycling personalities in the 2014 play The Great Bike Race about the 1904 Tour de France, next to cyclists Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq, Jean Dargassies and Lucien Pothier. In thr play, that ran for multiple years, he is depicted as a geriatric cyclist and is played by E. Craig Kemp.

Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq
Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq (25 April 1884 – 13 May 1928) was a French road bicycle racer between 1900 and 1910.  Dortignacq won seven stages in four Tour de France events. He only competed in stage 4 of the first Tour de France in 1903, finishing 11th on the stage.
Percy Grant (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Edmund Percy Fenwick George Grant, KCVO, CB (23 September 1867 – 8 September 1952) was a Royal Navy officer who served as First Naval Member and Chief of the Australian Naval Staff from 1919 to 1921.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Harpal Kumar
Sir Harpal Singh Kumar (born 1965) is a British medical researcher of Indian descent who was chief executive officer of Cancer Research UK from April 2008 until June 2018, when he became senior vice president and head of innovation EMEA at Johnson & Johnson. He left the company in April 2020 and is now president of GRAIL Europe.

Grail (company)
GRAIL, Inc. is an American biotechnology company based in Menlo Park, California founded in 2015 seeking to develop an early cancer screening test for people who do not have symptoms. As a startup it was a subsidiary of Illumina, which bought it outright in 2021.

In June 2021 Galleri launched their liquid biopsy, or multi-cancer early detection test, which they called Galleri test. In 2023 EU regulators ordered Grail to be spun-out from Illumina which was completed on June 24, 2024.
Bakandesso-Sogbéni
Bakandesso-Sogbéni is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Foungbesso, Touba Department, Bafing Region, Woroba District.

Bakandesso-Sogbéni was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Touba Department
Touba Department is a department of Bafing Region in Woroba District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 120,524 and its seat is the settlement of Touba. The sub-prefectures of the department are Dioman, Foungbesso, Guintéguéla, and Touba.
Coleville, California
Coleville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mono County, California, United States. It is located at an elevation of 5,141 feet (1,567 m) in the Antelope Valley on the West Walker River. The population was 419 at the 2020 census, down from 495 at the 2010 census.

The ZIP Code is 96107, and the community is within area code 530.

Area codes 530 and 837
Area codes 530 and 837 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in northeastern and Northern California. 530 was created in 1997 in an area code split of 916 and 837 was added to the same numbering plan area as an overlay in 2025.

The numbering plan area (NPA) includes the Sacramento Valley, including some outer suburbs of Sacramento, Shasta Cascade, and the northern Sierra Nevada. It comprises all or sections of the following counties: Alpine, Butte, Colusa, El Dorado, Glenn, Humboldt, Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo, and Yuba.
Failure in the Saddle
Failure in the Saddle: Nathan Bedford Forrest, Joseph Wheeler, and the Confederate Cavalry in the Chickamauga Campaign  is a book written by Virginia Military Institute graduate David A. Powell, and published by Savas Beatie, analyzing the failures of Nathan Bedford Forrest and Joseph Wheeler in the American Civil War. Powell draws upon firsthand accounts, many previously unpublished, to offer a detailed examination of the Southern cavalry's role in the Chickamauga campaign.

Theodore P. Savas
Theodore P. Savas worked an attorney for many years, was a former adjunct college instructor, and is an entrepreneur, author, and publisher. He is the co-founder and majority partner of Savas Beatie, an independent book trade publishing company that specializes in military and general history, and especially the American Civil War. He writes and speaks about Civil War topics, as well as the American Revolutionary War, and WWII German U-boats.
Constitution of Uzbekistan
The Constitution of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Конституцияси) was adopted on 8 December 1992 on the 11th session of the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan. It replaced the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 1978. It is the supreme law of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Article 15). The Constitution of Uzbekistan contains six parts and it is further divided into 26 chapters.

Supreme Council of Uzbekistan
The Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Jumhuriyatining Oliy Kengashi) was the supreme legislative and representative body of the state power from 31 August 1991, following the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Gran (island)
Gran is an island in Nordanstig Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden.

Gran has an area of about 0.63 km2. It is about 10 km from the mainland. There are remains of an old fishing village. The island is included in a nature reserve established in 1988. The climate is lush and rich.

Gävleborg County
Gävleborg County (Swedish: Gävleborgs län) is a county or län on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders the counties of Uppsala, Västmanland, Dalarna, Jämtland, and Västernorrland. The capital is Gävle.
Valencia toothcarp
Valencia hispanica, or the Valencia toothcarp (Valencian: samaruc) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Valenciidae. It is endemic to southern Catalonia and the Valencian Community, Spain. There is at least one historical record of this species from near Perpignan, France, but the species has since been extirpated from that area.

Its natural habitat consists of marshes, freshwater springs, coastal freshwater lagoons, and acequias. It is threatened by pollution and habitat loss.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Centella
Centella is a genus of 53 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Mackinlayoideae. The genus is sometimes placed in family Araliaceae; however, recent studies utilising molecular data place Centella within Apiaceae.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Torrey Pines High School
Torrey Pines High School is a high school in the North County area of San Diego, California. The school is named after the Torrey pine tree that grows in the area. Torrey Pines High School is a member of the San Dieguito Union High School District and serves the communities of Rancho Santa Fe, Del Mar, Fairbanks Ranch, Solana Beach, and Carmel Valley in San Diego County. Students from Encinitas may attend as well.

Torrey Pines is one of five high schools in its district, the others being San Dieguito Academy, La Costa Canyon High School, Sunset High School and Canyon Crest Academy.

Fairbanks Ranch, California
Fairbanks Ranch is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,002 at the 2020 census, down from 3,148 at the 2010 census. The entire population is contained within two gated communities, divided into North and South sections by the formerly private San Dieguito Road.

The Fairbanks Ranch community borders Rancho Santa Fe to the northwest, the Rancho Santa Fe Farms gated community to the south and the Del Sur housing development of Black Mountain Ranch to the east.
The San Dieguito River and Lusardi Creek with the Lusardi Creek County Preserve lie to the north.
Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's synchronized 3 metre springboard
51°32′24.6″N 0°0′38″W﻿ / ﻿51.540167°N 0.01056°W﻿ / 51.540167; -0.01056

The women's synchronised 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place on 29 July at the Aquatics Centre within the Olympic Park.

The Chinese team of He Zi and Wu Minxia won the gold medal.

Wu Minxia
Wu Minxia (Chinese: 吴敏霞; pinyin: Wú Mǐnxiá; born 10 November 1985) is a retired Chinese diver, specializing in the 1 metre and 3 metre springboard, and synchronized 3 metre springboard events. Entering her first major championship in 2001, Wu represented China at every Asian Games, Olympic Games and FINA World Aquatics Championships through 2016. She is an eight-time world champion, and a five-time Olympic and Asian champion, making her one of the most decorated divers in history.
Kaattile Paattu
Kaattile Paattu is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by K. P. Kumaran. The film stars Nedumudi Venu, Balan K. Nair, Poornima Jayaram and Sukumari in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. Raghavan.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Finn Kvalem
Finn Kvalem (April 12, 1934 – February 26, 1990) was a Norwegian actor, stage director, and translator.

Kvalem had his debut at the Norwegian Theater in 1955, where he was engaged from 1956 to 1969. After that, he was at the National Theater in Oslo from 1969 to 1975. and again in 1985. He performed for NRK's television Theater from 1975 to 1979 and was the director of the Telemark Theater from 1982 to 1984. Kvalem is best remembered for his interpretation of Vidkun Quisling in Stein Ørnhøi's 1988 documentary Et liv – en rettssak (A Life: A Court Case). He also appeared in several Norwegian films.

Kvalem was the head of the Norwegian Actors' Equity Association from 1974 to 1976.

Teater Ibsen
Teater Ibsen (from 1975 to 1991 Telemark Teater) is a theatre in Skien in Telemark, Norway. The theatre was established in 1975 as Telemark Teater, and changed its name to Teater Ibsen in 1991. The theatre serves as regional theatre for the counties of Telemark and Vestfold. From 1986 to 2010 the theatre played at Festiviteten in Skien, and relocated to a former industrial site at Klosterøya in Skien in 2011. Anders T. Andersen was appointed artistical director from 2010. The current artistic director is Line Rosvoll. The theatre is also home to the biennial Ibsen Scope Festival.
Chi Octantis
Chi Octantis, Latinized from χ Octantis, is a solitary star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Octans. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as an orange-hued star with an apparent magnitude of 5.28. The object is located relatively close at a distance of 261 light years based on Gaia EDR3 parallax measurements, but it is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity 33.6 km/s. At its current distance, Chi Octantis' brightness is diminished by 0.24 magnitudes due to interstellar dust. It has an absolute magnitude of +0.81.

Chi Octantis is an evolved red giant with a stellar classification of K3 III. It has 125% the mass of the Sun and an enlarged radius of 14.45 R☉ due to its evolved state. It radiates 73.6 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,266 K. Chi Octantis is metal enriched with an iron abundance 126% that of the Sun ([Fe/H] = +0.10) and spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity less than 1 km/s−1.

Gaia catalogues
The Gaia catalogues are star catalogues created using the results obtained by Gaia space telescope. The catalogues are released in stages that will contain increasing amounts of information; the early releases also miss some stars, especially fainter stars located in dense star fields. Data from every data release can be accessed at the Gaia archive.
Nooksack River
The Nooksack River is a river in western Whatcom County of the northwestern U.S. state of Washington, draining extensive valley systems within the North Cascades around Mount Shuksan, Mount Baker and the Twin Sisters, and a portion of Fraser Lowland south of the Canada–United States border.

The river proper begins with the merging of three main tributaries, namely the North Fork, Middle Fork and South Fork, near Deming. All three forks originate in the Mount Baker Wilderness, and the North Fork, the longest of the three, is sometimes considered the main river. The Nooksack is approximately 75 miles (121 km) in total length measuring from the North Fork headwaters. The lower Nooksack flows as a northerly loop through the fertile southern Fraser Lowland agricultural area before emptying into Bellingham Bay and, via the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, communicating with the Pacific Ocean.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
Banarsidas Chaturvedi
Banarsidas Chaturvedi (24 December 1892 – 2 May 1985) was a Hindi-language writer, journalist and recipient of Padma Bhushan awarded by Government of India in 1973. He was born on 24 December 1892 in Firozabad in the North-Western Provinces of British India and died on 2 May 1985. He was a literary bridge between nationalism, social reform, and the global Indian experience. As an active participant in India's cultural renaissance and political awakening, he forged strong relationships with leading intellectuals, reformers, and fellow writers of his time. These friendships and collaborations not only shaped his thought and prose but also left a lasting mark on Hindi literature and Indian public life.

Girmitiyas
Girmitiyas, (Kaithi: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂧𑂱𑂗𑂱𑂨𑂰, IPA: [ɡɪɾmɪʈɪjaː]) also known as Jahazis (Hindustani: जहाज़ी, IPA: [dʒəɦaːziː]) or Jahajis (IPA: [dʒəɦaːdʒiː]), were indentured labourers from British India transported to work on plantations in Fiji, South Africa, Mauritius, and the Caribbean (namely Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, Suriname and Jamaica) as part of the Indian indenture system.
Datana angusii
Datana angusii, or Angus's datana moth, is a species of moth in the family Notodontidae (the prominents). It was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote and Coleman Townsend Robinson in 1866 and it is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Datana angusii is 7903.

Coleman Townsend Robinson
Coleman Townsend Robinson (12 January 1838 – 1 May 1872) was an American entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

He wrote Grote, A.R., & Robinson, C.T. 1867–1868. Descriptions of American Lepidoptera – Nos 1–3. 
Transactions of the American Entomological Society 1(1): 1–30; (2): 171–192, pl. 4; (4): 323–360, pl. 6, pl. 7  with Augustus Radcliffe Grote.
Monocyte monolayer assay
The monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) is used to determine the clinical significance of alloantibodies produced by blood transfusion recipients. The assay is used to assess the potential for intravascular hemolysis when incompatible cellular blood products are transfused to the anemic patient. When donor cells possess substances that are not produced by the recipient, the recipient's immune system produces antibodies against the substance; these are called alloantibodies. Specific white blood cells, called monocytes, are tasked with ingesting foreign material and become activated during certain inflammatory events. These activated monocytes come in contact with antibody-sensitized red blood cells (RBC) and may or may not exhibit phagocytosis (ingestion) and destroy the donor red blood cells. If monocytes destroy the RBC, the antibody attached to those RBC is considered clinically significant.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
85 mm divisional gun D-44
The 85-mm divisional gun D-44 (Russian: 85-мм дивизионная пушка Д-44) was a Soviet divisional 85-mm calibre field artillery gun used in the last action of World War II. It was designed as the replacement for the 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3). The gun was no longer in front-line service with the Russian Ground Forces, until being pressed back into service in the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2023. Wartime service included use by communist forces during the Vietnam War and by Arab forces during their conflicts with Israel.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
A27 highway (Kazakhstan)
A27 is a national highway in Kazakhstan that runs from the city of Aktobe to the border of Russia with a total length of 905 kilometres (562 mi). It is part of the European route E40, AH63 and AH70.

The A27 begins in the city of Aktobe on the M32 and ends at the border with Russia near Kotyaevka, where the road continues to Astrakhan. It is therefore the second main road in western Kazakhstan after the M32. The A27 runs through Kandyagash and Atyrau, along the northern side of the Caspian Sea. The A27 intersects several other A-roads on the route. The A28 in Atyrau is particularly important. The landscape along the A27 is generally flat with desert and steppe. Around Atyrau, the A27 is about 28 meters below sea level. The last part before the Russian border runs through wetlands with sandbanks. On the Russian side, the A340 continues to Astrakhan, which is about 60 km (37 mi) from the border.

Kotyaevka
Kotyaevka (Kazakh: Котяевка, Kotiaevka) is a small village situated on the right bank of the Kigash River in the Kurmangazy District of Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan. Geographical coordinates are: Latitude (DMS): 46° 32' 40 N, Longitude (DMS): 48° 45' 20 E.

It is located in 30 kilometers from Ganyushkino, administrative centre of Kurmangazy district. Kotyaevka is situated on the Kazakhstan's western border with Russia.

From October 2007 Kurmangazy single check-point has started to operate for all those crossing Kazakhstani-Russian border. The opening ceremony of the check point was held in September 2007 and was attended by Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov and his Kazakh counterpart Karim Massimov.