hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony Birch
Anthony Harold Birch (17 February 1924 – 13 December 2014) was a British scholar and an expert in British politics and comparative politics. He was a leading figure in the development of Britain's distinctive school of political science. Political historians have cited his influential works on representation, the British government, federalism, nationalism, and national integration extensively.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
Chinnakada
Chinnakada or Chinnakkada is considered as the heart of the city of Kollam in Kerala, India. Chinnakada is a busy junction where 5 city roads and one National highway interconnect at a traffic roundabout. The city's symbolic clock tower is located in Chinnakada. To reduce the traffic congestion in Chinnakada, Kollam Municipal Corporation constructed an underpass near to clock tower. Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)'s Kollam sub-regional office is situated at Chinnakada.

Kollam Beach
Kollam Beach, also known as Mahatma Gandhi Beach, is a beach at Kollam city in the Indian state of Kerala. Kollam Beach is the first 'Beach Wedding Destination' in Kerala.

The beach also features a park of international standard, the Mahatma Gandhi Park, which was inaugurated on 1 January 1961 by the then Vice President of India, Zakir Husain. Kollam beach is one among the few beaches in Kerala with a lifeguard outpost. Lifeguards were stationed at the beach from 2005. As of July 2015 Kovalam, Kollam is one among the three beaches in south Kerala with lifeguard outposts.
Nancy S. Steinhardt
Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt (Chinese: 夏南悉; pinyin: Xià Nánxī, born July 14, 1954) is an American historian of Chinese architecture. Introduced to Chinese architecture by Nelson Ikon Wu, she studied at Harvard University, becoming a Harvard Fellow and receiving her PhD in 1981. She began teaching at the University of Pennsylvania in 1983, and became a curator of the Penn Museum in 1998. She received a Guggenheim Fellow in 2001, and an Alice Davis Hitchcock Award in 2021 for her book China: An Architectural History.

Artibus Asiae
Artibus Asiae is a biannual academic journal specialising in the arts and archaeology of Asia. Along with the Ostasiatische Zeitschrift (founded in 1912) it was one of the most successful journals in its field in the German-speaking part of Europe. The first number of Artibus Asiae appeared in 1925. While earlier issues contained articles in German, French and English, today's contributions are mainly in English. Artibus Asiae is owned and published by the Museum Rietberg in Zurich. Artibus Asiae also published occasional monographs since 1937.
Chandragutti Renukamba Temple
Chandragutti Renukamba Temple located at Shivamogga district is a Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Renuka. This is an ancient cave temple. It is located 19 km (12 mi) away from the town of Soraba and 19 km (12 mi) away from Sirsi and Siddapura towns in the district of Uttara Kannada in Karnataka State of India.

Shimoga
Shimoga, officially Shivamogga (Kannada: [ʃiʋɐmoɡːɐ]), is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the Karnataka state of India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad". The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census. The city has been selected for the Smart Cities Mission standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.

The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.
Native Island
Native Island is off the east coast of Halfmoon Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is north east of Ulva Island in the northern mouth of Paterson Inlet. It is separated from Stewart Island by a narrow channel 50 metres (160 ft) in width. There has been evidence of small and temporary past Māori settlements on the island. Multiple Māori relics have been found, including bone fish hooks, axes, and chisels. Native Island is part of the Ulva Island-Te Wharawhara Marine Reserve, which is on the south part of Native Island.

Ulva Island-Te Wharawhara Marine Reserve
Ulva Island-Te Wharawhara Marine Reserve is a marine reserve covering an area of 1,075 hectares (2,660 acres) south-west and north-east of Ulva Island, in the Paterson Inlet of New Zealand's Stewart Island. It was established in 2004 and is administered by the Department of Conservation.
Tuber cumberlandense
Tuber cumberlandense, previously referred to as Tuber sp. 66, is an edible fungi species of the genus Tuber.

Tuber cumberlandense was named after the Cumberland Plateau in Kentucky and Tennessee where it was found by Margaret Townsend, Lois Martin and Lois' truffle dog, a Lagotto Romagnolo named Monza in January of 2018. T. cumberlandense is endemic to eastern North America, where it has been harvested in truffle orchards and woodlands dominated by broadleaf trees. Currently, efforts are underway in Kentucky to cultivate this native truffle on white oak by the whiskey company Maker's Mark.

Lagotto Romagnolo
The Lagotto Romagnolo is an Italian breed of dog. It is a traditional breed of the formerly extensive marshlands of the Delta del Po, in the eastern part of the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, where it was used as a gun dog, specifically as a water retriever. After the drainage of large areas of wetland habitat in its area of origin in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it came to be more often used to hunt for truffles. In the twenty-first century it may be kept as a companion animal.
James McManus (Iowa politician)
James McManus (10 November 1804 – 15 February 1879) was an American politician.

McManus was born in Newark, Delaware, on 10 November 1804. He settled on Long Island, New York, where he worked as a stonemason at Fort Hamilton. McManus married Mystic, Connecticut native Sarah Whittlesey on 10 March 1831. He moved to what is now Iowa in the 1830s, and sent for his wife and seven children the following year. They lived in Davenport, and owned a farm.

Politically, McManus was affiliated with the Whigs and served in the first convocation of the Iowa General Assembly in 1846 as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives. He was also the founding treasurer and a founding trustee of Iowa College, established in the same year. McManus died on 15 February 1879.

Grinnell College
Grinnell College (/ɡrɪˈnɛl/ grin-EL) is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, United States. It was established as Iowa College in 1846 by a group of Congregationalists from New England. It has an "open curriculum", which means students need not follow a prescribed list of classes. The college's 120-acre campus includes several listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
Mood (Jacquees album)
Mood is a mixtape by American R&B singer Jacquees, released on January 10, 2016. The mixtape features guest appearances from rappers  Kevin Gates, Dej Loaf, Young Scooter, Kirko Bangz, Rich Homie Quan and Birdman. Production was mostly handled by Nash B and hosted by DJ Spinz.

Rich Homie Quan
Dequantes Devontay Lamar (October 4, 1989 – September 5, 2024), known professionally as Rich Homie Quan, was an American rapper. Beginning his career in 2011, Lamar first saw mainstream success with his 2013 single "Type of Way", which peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100. His 2015 single, "Flex (Ooh, Ooh, Ooh)", saw further success at number 26 on the chart. Alongside fellow Atlanta rapper Young Thug, Lamar was a member of Cash Money Records' spin-off project Rich Gang, who found success with their 2014 single "Lifestyle".

Lamar's debut studio album, Rich as in Spirit (2018), entered the Billboard 200 at number 33. The rapper died from an accidental drug overdose after taking multiple drugs, including fentanyl, alprazolam, codeine, and promethazine in 2024.
Rags Roberts
Harry Hamlet Roberts (November 12, 1895 – July 25, 1963), nicknamed "Rags", was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1920s.

A native of West Norfolk, Virginia, Roberts made his Negro leagues debut in 1922 with the Harrisburg Giants and Baltimore Black Sox. He played for Baltimore again the following season, and finished his career in 1928 with the Homestead Grays. Roberts died in Beckley, West Virginia in 1963 at age 67.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
2012–13 East Carolina Pirates men's basketball team
The 2012–13 East Carolina Pirates men's basketball team represented East Carolina University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Pirates, led by third year head coach Jeff Lebo, played their home games at Williams Arena at Minges Coliseum and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 23–12, 9–7 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for fourth place.

They lost in the quarterfinals of the Conference USA tournament to Tulsa. They were invited to the 2013 CIT where they defeated Savannah State, Rider, Loyola (MD), Evansville, and Weber State to be the 2013 CIT Champions.

2013 Conference USA men's basketball tournament
The 2013 Conference USA men's basketball tournament was held at the BOK Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma from March 13–16, 2013. Memphis was slated to host the 2013 edition but the conference moved it to Tulsa in order to keep Memphis from having home-court advantage during their final appearance in the tournament.

The 2013 tournament was the last to feature participation from Memphis, Houston, and SMU, as the three schools joined the American Athletic Conference on July 1, 2013.  The winner of the tournament will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament. UCF would also have been participating in the tournament for the last time, but was banned due to sanctions handed down by the NCAA in August 2012.
Heritage Museum of Montgomery County, Texas
Heritage Museum of Montgomery County is a history museum in Conroe, Montgomery County, Texas, a mostly rural county northeast of Houston.

The museum includes exhibits on the origin of the current population of the county, including those drawn by the lumber and oil industries. It is located in the Grogan/Cochran home, built in 1924.  The museum was opened by the Conroe Service League in 1985.

The museum has three permanent galleries:

Glimpses of Montgomery County

Towns, People and Events

Hands-On Children's Room

Montgomery County, Texas
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 620,443, and was estimated to be 749,613 in 2024. Its county seat is Conroe.

Montgomery County is part of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area.
Baxter Price
Baxter Price (born November 29, 1938) is an American racing driver from Monroe, North Carolina who competed in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. He made 90 Winston Cup starts from 1973 to 1981, never recording a top-ten finish.

Monroe, North Carolina
Monroe is a city in and the county seat of Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population increased from 32,797 in 2010 to 34,551 in 2020, and the 28th most populous city in North Carolina. It is within the rapidly growing Charlotte metropolitan area. Monroe has a council-manager form of government.
Teres I
Teres I (Ancient Greek: Τήρης, Ancient Greek: [tɛ́ːrɛːs]; reigned (Unknown–445 BC) was the first king of a large, unified Odrysian kingdom of Thrace.

Teres, who united the 40 or more Thracian tribes under one banner, was well known for his military abilities and spent much of his life on the battlefield. He died during a military campaign in 445 BC. Historians argue it was against the Triballi, a Thracian tribe occupying a large amount of land to the north of Thrace. He was succeeded by his second son, Sitalces

Teres Ridge on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica is named after Teres.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
2006 Atlantic Sun Conference baseball tournament
The 2006 Atlantic Sun Conference baseball tournament was held at Melching Field at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson University in DeLand, Florida, from May 25 through 27. Stetson won its sixth tournament championship, and second in a row, to earn the Atlantic Sun Conference's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Atlantic Sun Conference
The Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States, competing at the NCAA Division I level. Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference (TAAC) in 1978, it was renamed as the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2001, and briefly rebranded as the ASUN Conference from 2016 to 2023. The conference still uses "ASUN" as an official abbreviation. The conference headquarters are located in Jacksonville.
Inazuma Eleven GO vs. Danbōru Senki W
Inazuma Eleven GO vs. Danbōru Senki W (イナズマイレブンGO vs ダンボール戦機W) is a 2012 crossover anime film between the Inazuma Eleven and Little Battlers Experience franchises produced by OLM, Inc., premiered in theaters on December 1, 2012.

OLM (studio)
OLM, Inc. (formerly Oriental Light and Magic) is a Japanese animation and film studio headquartered in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, founded on October 3, 1990, by former Studio Gallop and OB Planning employees. They are best known for producing children's anime series such as Pokémon, Yo-kai Watch, and Beyblade Burst. They have also produced many series for older audiences, such as Berserk, Odd Taxi, and The Apothecary Diaries.
Nouvelle histoire
The term new history, from the French term nouvelle histoire (French pronunciation: [nuvɛl istwaʁ]), was coined by Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora, leaders of the third generation of the Annales school, in the 1970s. The movement can be associated with cultural history, history of representations, and histoire des mentalités. The new history movement's inclusive definition of the proper matter of historical study has also given it the label total history. The movement was contrasted with the traditional ways of writing history which focused on politics and "great men". The new history rejected any insistence on composing historical narrative; an emphasis on administrative documents as basic source materials; concern with individuals' motivations and intentions as explanatory factors for historical events; and the old belief in objectivity.

The approach was rejected by Marxist historians because it downplayed what Marxists believed was the central role of class in shaping history.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Fredville, Kentucky
Fredville is an unincorporated farming community in Magoffin County, Kentucky, United States.  It lies along State Route 7 southeast of the city of Salyersville, the county seat of Magoffin County.  Its elevation is 951 feet (290 m).

A post office was established at the community's site in 1916:  Fredville was named for the son of the first postmaster Cynthia Ann Carpenter.  That post office no longer exists, nor are there any services or businesses at Fredville as of 2015, only a handful of homes, mostly associated with small farms.

Salyersville, Kentucky
Salyersville (/ˈsæljərzvəl/) is a home rule-class city on the Licking River in Magoffin County, Kentucky, United States. It is the county seat. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,591, down from 1,883 in 2010.
7th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)
The 7th Panzer Division or Westphalian Panzer Division (German: 7. Panzerdivision or Westfälische Panzerdivision) was a major formation in the German Army (Heer) within the German Armed Forces or Bundeswehr whose headquarters was for many years in Lippstadt und Unna and, finally in Düsseldorf. Until its dissolution in 2006 it was seen as the "backbone of the Army" or the "spearhead of the German Army". The majority of new weapon systems were introduced by this formation. Many Inspectors of the Army (Inspekteur des Heeres) were once divisional commanders of the 7th Armoured Division. Its last commander was Wolf-Joachim Clauß.

It was the only division in the Northern Army Group without a forward defence sector in line against a projected Warsaw Pact attack. It was the only immediately available reserve division.

Lippstadt
Lippstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪpʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest town within the district of Soest. Lippstadt is situated about 60 kilometres east of Dortmund, 40 kilometres south of Bielefeld and 30 kilometres west of Paderborn.
2024 Fukuoka International Women's Cup – Doubles
Emina Bektas and Lina Glushko were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Rutuja Bhosale and Paige Hourigan won the title, defeating Haruna Arakawa and Aoi Ito in the final, 3–6, 6–3, [10–6].

Lina Glushko
Lina Glushko (Hebrew: לינה גלושקו; born 12 January 2000) is an Israeli tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 201 in singles and No. 296 in doubles.

She also represents Israel in the Billie Jean King Cup, where she has a win–loss record of 17–15 (as of June 2024).
Farasan (city)
Farasan (Arabic: فرسان) is the largest town of the Farasan Islands, in the Red Sea. Islands are a part of the Jizan Province, far south-western part of Saudi Arabia. It is located on the Farasan Island at around .

Jazan Province
Jazan Province, also known as Jazan Region (Arabic: منطقة جازان‎, romanized: Minṭaqat Jāzān), is the second smallest province of Saudi Arabia after Al-Baha. It stretches approximately 300 km (190 mi) along the southern coast of the Red Sea, just north of the border with Yemen. Covering an area of 13,457 km2, it had a population of 1,404,997 according to the 2022 census. The Province has the highest population density in the Kingdom.

The province includes over 200 islands in the Red Sea. One of the major developments in the province is the Jazan City for Primary and Downstream Industries, a large-scale project intended to contribute to the province’s economic development. The Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia's first conservation protected area, are home to migratory birds from Europe during the winter.
2006 Thailand Open – Singles
The 2006 Thailand Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Thailand Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Impact Arena in Bangkok, Thailand, from September 25 through October 1, 2006. James Blake won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against Ivan Ljubičić.

Thailand Open (ATP)
The Thailand Open was a professional indoor hardcourt tennis tournament held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2003 to 2013. Part of the ATP World Tour 250 series, it was held in the third week of September. The tournament was relocated by the Association of Tennis Professionals to Shenzhen as the ATP Shenzhen Open since 2013.

From 2005 to 2007, a WTA Tier III, the PTT Bangkok Open, was also held in the region before being discontinued.

Roger Federer is the only man to have won the singles competition more than once, in 2004 and 2005, while Andy Ram and Jonathan Erlich are the only doubles pair to have won the competition multiple times, in 2003 and 2006. In 2007, Sonchat Ratiwatana and Sanchai Ratiwatana became the first Thai champions of the event, winning in the final against Wimbledon doubles champion Michaël Llodra, and partner Nicolas Mahut. In November 2013, the ATP announced that the tournament would be relocated to Shenzhen, China, as the ATP Shenzhen Open.
Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway
The Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway is a 27 km long main line railway in Germany, originally built by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company, connecting Düsseldorf and Elberfeld (now Wuppertal) via Erkrath, Hochdahl and Vohwinkel.  It is served by Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.

Regional-Express
In Germany, Luxembourg, Austria and Slovakia,  the  Regional-Express (pronounced [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlʔɛksˌpʁɛs] ⓘ; RE, or in Austria and Slovakia: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with a top speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) and an average speed of about 70–90 km/h (45–55 mph) as it calls at fewer stations than Regionalbahn (in Austria: Regionalzug) or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than Intercity or Intercity Express services.
Buteogallus fragilis
Buteogallus fragilis, sometimes called the fragile eagle, is an extinct species of bird of prey that lived in North America during the Late Pleistocene. Remains of at least 83 individuals have been found in the La Brea Tar Pits in California, and the species has also been reported from Shelter Cave in New Mexico. It is similar in proportions to the common black hawk.

La Brea Tar Pits
La Brea Tar Pits comprise an active paleontological research site in urban Los Angeles. Hancock Park was formed around a group of tar pits where natural asphalt (also called asphaltum, bitumen, or pitch; brea in Spanish) has seeped up from the ground for tens of thousands of years. Over many centuries, the bones of trapped animals have been preserved. The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there. "La Brea Tar Pits" is a registered National Natural Landmark.