hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heldenplatz
48°12′24″N 16°21′46″E﻿ / ﻿48.206629°N 16.362913°E﻿ / 48.206629; 16.362913

Heldenplatz (German: Heroes' Square) is a public space in front of the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria. Located in the Innere Stadt borough, the President of Austria resides in the adjoining Hofburg wing, while the Federal Chancellery is on adjacent Ballhausplatz.

Many important actions and events took place here, most notably Adolf Hitler's ceremonial announcement of the Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany on 15 March 1938.

Federal Chancellery of Austria
The Federal Chancellery of Austria (German: Bundeskanzleramt, abbreviated BKA; historically also Hofkanzlei and Staatskanzlei) is the ministry led by the chancellor of Austria.
Since the establishment of the First Austrian Republic in 1918, the Chancellery building has served as the venue for the sessions of the Austrian cabinet.
It is located on the Ballhausplatz in the centre of Vienna, vis-à-vis the Hofburg Imperial Palace. Like Downing Street, Quai d'Orsay or – formerly – Wilhelmstrasse, the address has become a synecdoche for governmental power.
Samuel McChord Crothers
Samuel McChord Crothers (June 7, 1857 in Oswego, Illinois–November 1927) was an American Unitarian minister with The First Parish in Cambridge. He was a popular essayist.

Crothers graduated from Wittenberg College in 1873. In 1874, he graduated from College of New Jersey (later Princeton University). After earning a divinity degree at Union Theological Seminary in 1877, he became a Presbyterian minister. He resigned in 1881 and converted to the Unitarian church in 1882.

Crothers died suddenly at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Wittenberg University
Wittenberg University (officially Wittenberg College) is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio, United States. It had 1,326 full-time students drawn from 33 states and 9 foreign countries in 2022 but enrollment has declined. Wittenberg University is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Although the college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, it was placed on probation in November 2025 for not meeting HLC criteria related to financial management.
Judith Grabiner
Judith Victor Grabiner (born October 12, 1938) is an American mathematician and historian of mathematics, who is Flora Sanborn Pitzer Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Pitzer College, one of the Claremont Colleges. Her main interest is in mathematics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Denison Cumberland
Denison Cumberland  was an 18th-century Anglican bishop in Ireland.

He served as rector of the Church of St Laurence, Stanwick in Northamptonshire from 1731 for an unknown period.

He was nominated Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh on 19 April 1763 and consecrated on 19 June that year; and translated to Kilmore on 6 March 1772. He died in office in November 1774 and was buried in the grounds of Kilmore Cathedral on 22 November 1774. He was a grandson of Richard Cumberland, and married Johanna Bentley, daughter of Richard Bentley. Their daughter was Mary Alcock. Their son was Richard Cumberland (dramatist)

St Fethlimidh's Cathedral, Kilmore
St Fethlimidh's Cathedral, Kilmore, is one of two cathedral churches in the Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh (along with St John the Baptist Cathedral, Sligo) in the Church of Ireland. It is situated in the parish of Kilmore, southwest of the county town of Cavan. The name Kilmore - Cill Mhor meaning 'the great church' - reflects an earlier prominence that the Annals of the Four Masters have traced to an early medieval foundation. Of that church there are no physical remains
Abacetus leonensis
Abacetus leonensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Tschitscherine in 1899 and is found in Sierra Leone. The original description characterizes the species as shiny black with an iridescent surface, particularly on the elytra, with ferruginous red antennae and reddish-testaceous legs.

Pterostichinae
Pterostichinae is a subfamily of ground beetles (family Carabidae). It belongs to the advanced harpaline assemblage, and if these are circumscribed sensu lato as a single subfamily, Pterostichinae are downranked to a tribe Pterostichini. However, as the former Pterostichitae supertribe of the Harpalinae as loosely circumscribed does seem to constitute a lineage rather distinct from Harpalus, its core group is here considered to be the present subfamily and the Harpalinae are defined more narrowly.

They are usually mid-sized and rather stout ground beetles. Coloration is typically dark and without conspicuous patterns, but often with a strong sheen like polished metal. They are widely distributed and inhabit a wide range of terrestrial habitats. Unlike the more basal ground beetles which only eat small animals, the Pterostichinae include a large proportion of omnivorous or even herbivorous taxa.
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering obstetrics and gynaecology. It was established in 1946 and is published by Wolters Kluwer. The editors-in-chief are Lee A. Learman (Florida Atlantic University), Aaron B. Caughey (Oregon Health & Science University), and Mary E. Norton (University of California, San Francisco). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.863, ranking it 38th out of 79 journals in the category "Obstetrics & Gynecology".

Obstetrics and gynaecology
Obstetrics and gynaecology (also spelled as obstetrics and gynecology; abbreviated as Obst and Gynae, O&G, OB-GYN and OB/GYN) is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) and gynaecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system  – vagina, uterus, ovaries, and breasts). The specialization is an important part of care for women's health.

Postgraduate training programs for both fields are usually combined, preparing the practising obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept both at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interests in one field or the other.
Anacréon (Cherubini)
Anacréon, ou L'amour fugitif is an opera-ballet in two acts by Luigi Cherubini with a French libretto by C. R. Mendouze. It was premiered on 4 October 1803 by the Paris Opéra at the Salle Montansier. The choreography was by Pierre-Gabriel Gardel. The work proved to be a complete failure, ending its run on 1 January 1804 after only seven performances. The subject matter, a love affair of the Ancient Greek poet Anacreon, was completely alien to the spirit of the time. One critic complained that in his protagonist Cherubini had represented "un vieux debauché déguisé en héros d'opéra" ("an old debauchee disguised as an opera hero").

The overture was praised by Weber and Berlioz and has frequently been recorded. The complete opera was revived by the Italian radio company RAI in 1973 and on stage at La Scala in 1983 with Gianandrea Gavazzeni conducting.

Overture
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".

The idea of an instrumental opening to opera existed during the 17th century. Peri's Euridice opens with a brief instrumental ritornello, and Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607) opens with a toccata, in this case a fanfare for muted trumpets. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between allegorical characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
Navajo Pine High School
Navajo Pine High School is a public high school in Navajo, New Mexico. It is a part of Gallup-McKinley County Schools.

The school was established in 1986. By July, Tom Arviso of the Navajo Times stated that the likely rumor was that the warrior was chosen as the high school mascot, even though the school itself did not yet make an announcement on this.

Navajo, New Mexico
Navajo (Navajo: Niʼiijíhí) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on the Navajo Nation in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,942 as of the 2020 census, up from 1,645 in 2010.
Napoleon III Telescope (University of Notre Dame)
The Napoleon III Telescope is an historic 6-inch refracting telescope owned by the University of Notre Dame. The telescope was given to the university in 1867 by French Emperor Napoleon III and is housed in an observatory on the top of the Nieuwland Hall of Science. The objective lens of the telescope was designed by the French physicist Léon Foucault who is best known for a pendulum experiment that demonstrated earth's rotation.

Objective (optics)
In optical engineering, an objective is an optical element that gathers light from an object being observed and focuses the light rays from it to produce a real image of the object. Objectives can be a single lens or mirror, or combinations of several optical elements. They are used in microscopes, binoculars, telescopes, cameras, slide projectors, CD players and many other optical instruments. Objectives are also called object lenses, object glasses, or objective glasses.
DN21
DN21 (Romanian: Drumul Național 21) is a national road in Romania which that crosses the Bărăgan Plain, linking the Danube port of Brăila with Călărași. The road crosses the A2 motorway near Drajna, between the cities of Slobozia and Călărași. It underwent in major repairs between 2006 and 2007 on the 24.2 km (15.0 mi) section between Drajna and Călărași.

Brăila
Brăila (/brəˈiːlə/, also US: /-lɑː/, Romanian: [brəˈila] ⓘ) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. The Sud-Est Regional Development Agency is headquartered in the city.

According to the 2021 Romanian census, Brăila had a population of 154,686 inhabitants, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania and the 9th largest on the Danube. The city's current mayor is Viorel Marian Dragomir of the PSD.
FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2025
The 2025 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in the Engadin region of Switzerland from 18 to 30 March 2025.

A total of 30 medal events were on the program, with 16 being contested in the freestyle and freeski disciplines and 14 in snowboarding. St. Moritz will host the big air, moguls, aerials, ski & snowboard cross and the alpine snowboard events, whereas Silvaplana will host the slopestyle and halfpipe events.

Engadin
The Engadin or Engadine (Romansh: Engiadina [eɲdʑɐˈdiːnɐ] ⓘ; German: Engadin [ˈɛŋɡadiːn] ⓘ or [ɛŋɡaˈdiːn] ⓘ; Italian: Engadina; French: Engadine) is a long high Alpine valley region in the eastern Swiss Alps in the canton of Graubünden in southeasternmost Switzerland with about 25,000 inhabitants. It follows the route of the Inn (Romansh: En) from its headwaters at Maloja Pass in the southwest running roughly northeast until the Inn flows into Austria, little less than one hundred kilometers downstream. The En/Inn subsequently flows at Passau into the Danube, making it the only Swiss river to drain into the Black Sea. The Engadine is protected by high mountain ranges on all sides and is famous for its sunny climate, beautiful landscapes and outdoor activities.
Apache Avro
Avro is a row-oriented remote procedure call and data serialization framework developed within Apache's Hadoop project. It uses JSON for defining data types and protocols, and serializes data in a compact binary format. Its primary use is in Apache Hadoop, where it can provide both a serialization format for persistent data, and a wire format for communication between Hadoop nodes, and from client programs to the Hadoop services.
Avro uses a schema to structure the data that is being encoded. It has two different types of schema languages: one for human editing (Avro IDL) and another which is more machine-readable based on JSON.

It is similar to Thrift and Protocol Buffers, but does not require running a code-generation program when a schema changes (unless desired for statically-typed languages).

Apache Spark SQL can access Avro as a data source.

Persistent data
Persistent data in the field of data processing denotes information that is infrequently accessed and unlikely to be modified.

Static data is information, for example a record, that does not change and may be intended to be permanent. It may have previously been categorized as persistent or dynamic.

Dynamic data (also known as transactional data) is information that is asynchronously updated as new information becomes available. Updates to dynamic data may come at any time, with periods of inactivity in between.
Ramón de Castrocol
Remon Castrocol was Bishop of Zaragoza between 1201 and 1216.

In 1205 he gave gifts to the villages of Daroca (Forcallo, Fussed, Tramasaguas).
On June 13, 1210 he signed an agreement with Gombal, Bishop of Tortosa demarcating the limits with the Diocese of Tortosa, Calaceite, Lledo, Arens de Lledó and Algars in Tortosa.

He died in 1216 AD.

Daroca
Daroca is a city and municipality in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, situated to the south of the city of Zaragoza. It is the center of a judicial district.

It is located in the basin of Calatayud, in the valley of the Jiloca river. N-234 highway passes through Daroca.
Byron Mouton
Byron King Mouton (born April 29, 1978) is an American retired basketball player. He was a starter on the University of Maryland's 2002 national championship team and played professionally in several countries.

Salt Lake City Stars
The Salt Lake City Stars are an American minor-league basketball team. They are a member of the NBA G League, based in the Salt Lake City suburb of West Valley City, Utah, and are affiliated with the Utah Jazz. Their home arena is the Maverik Center. Before the 2016–17 season, they were based in Boise, Idaho, and were known as the Idaho Stampede.
Yinshan Rock Paintings
Yinshan Rock Paintings or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountains (simplified Chinese: 阴山岩画; traditional Chinese: 陰山岩畫; pinyin: Yīnshān Yánhuà), also known as Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountain, are images carved into the rocks of the Yin Mountains and are widely distributed, mainly on the cliffs of Wolf Mountain in the Inner Mongolia, with themes involving animals, figures, deities, artifacts, celestial bodies.

The historical and cultural site is mainly located on Yin Mountains in the western part of Inner Mongolia, east of the Alxa Left Banner.

In ancient history, Yinshan Rock Paintings were first recorded by Li Daoyuan, a Northern Wei geographer, in the 5th century AD. In modern history, they were discovered on January 28, 1980.

Yin Mountains
The Yin Mountains, also known as the Daqing Mountains, are a mountain range in the Eastern Gobi Desert steppe of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China. The Yellow River borders the mountains to the south.
Max Angst
Max Angst (July 3, 1921 – January 21, 2002) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the late 1950s. He won the bronze medal in the two-man event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Angst also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1960 FIBT World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

FIBT World Championships 1960
The FIBT World Championships 1960 took place in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy for the fifth time. The Italian city had hosted the event previously in 1937 (Two-man), 1939 (Four-man), 1950, and 1954. This was an extraordinary event because bobsleigh was not included in the program at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California.
Live & Learn (Vixen album)
Live & Learn is the fourth studio album by American hard rock band Vixen, released on November 6, 2006, in Europe and on January 30, 2007, in the United States. The band's line-up performing on this album was formed in 2001 with the only original member guitarist Jan Kuehnemund.

This is the last studio album featuring Kuehnemund, who died in 2013, and the only studio album for this line-up as returning members Janet Gardner, Roxy Petrucci, Share Ross, and Gina Stile took on the Vixen name after the remaining members negotiated the best step to take after Kuehnemund's death, which was to allow the surviving classic members to reunite.

Janet Gardner
Janet Patricia Gardner (born March 21, 1962) is an American rock singer. She is best known as the former lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the all-female glam metal band Vixen joining in 1983. She was the band's longest serving vocalist having performed on three of the band's four studio albums. When Vixen broke up in 1992 she took a hiatus from singing to pursue personal endeavors. She briefly unofficially reformed Vixen in 1997 with drummer Roxy Petrucci. She returned to Vixen in 2001, later studying to become a dental hygienist. In 2004 she took part in a Vixen reunion for a one-night-only gig as part of VH1's Bands Reunited TV show. She returned to Vixen full-time in 2012.

In 2017, she released her self-titled debut solo album and in 2019 decided to leave Vixen to focus on family and her solo career.
David Tom
Charles David Tom (born March 23, 1978) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Billy Abbott on The Young and the Restless (1999 to 2002, 2014) and Paul Cramer on One Life to Live (2004). He won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in 2000 for his work on The Young and the Restless.

Criminal Minds
Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Jeff Davis that premiered on CBS on September 22, 2005. It follows a group of criminal profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU).

Criminal Minds became a ratings success for CBS, consistently ranking among the network’s most-watched programs and winning the People’s Choice Award for Best TV Crime Drama in 2017. Its success has spawned a media franchise, with several spinoffs, a South Korean adaptation, and a video game.

Criminal Minds originally culminated after its fifteenth season on February 19, 2020; however, it was revived and re-titled Criminal Minds: Evolution for its sixteenth season, which premiered on Paramount+ in November 2022. In March 2025, Criminal Minds was renewed for a nineteenth season.
Chicago Pro Musica
Chicago Pro Musica is a chamber ensemble founded in 1979 by pianist Easley Blackwood and clarinetist John Bruce Yeh. The ensemble recorded a number of sessions at Medinah Temple for Reference Recordings. Chicago Pro Musica's 1985 "FACADE" recording of William Walton's "FACADE" and Stravinsky's L'Histoire du Soldat earned the ensemble a Grammy award for Best New Classical Artist.

Medinah Temple
The Medinah Temple is a Moorish Revival building in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on the Near North Side at 600 N. Wabash Avenue, extending from Ohio Street to Ontario Street. It was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2000.

The Medinah Temple was built by the Shriners architects Huehl & Schmid in 1912 as a home for the Medinah Shriners with a large auditorium and meeting spaces. As of January 2025 it is the temporary home of Bally's Chicago casino, while the $1.7B permanent location is being constructed nearby.
Brenda Hunter
Brenda J. Hunter is an American musician and composer best known as a hammered dulcimer player.  She also plays Irish fiddle, Celtic harp, and classical piano, with the latter influence evident in her particular style on the dulcimer and harp.  She won the National Championship in 1995 at the Walnut Valley Festival in Winfield, Kansas, receiving as her prize a Masterworks hammered dulcimer built by Russell Cook. She has also played a Rick Thum instrument, and currently uses a Nick Blanton Compact model on stage.  She performs and teaches nationally on hammered dulcimer, also performs on solo Celtic harp, plays fiddle and hammered dulcimer with Celtic trio Banshee in the Kitchen, and was previously with Celtic duo Briar Rose.

Walnut Valley Festival
The Walnut Valley Festival is an acoustic music festival held annually in the small city of Winfield, Kansas, United States. The main genre of music is bluegrass, but a wide variety of other acoustic styles are represented. The festival is held on the Wednesday through Sunday that includes the third Saturday of September.
Martin J. S. Rudwick
Martin John Spencer Rudwick (born 1932) is a British geologist, historian, and academic. Rudwick is an emeritus professor of History at the University of California, San Diego and an affiliated research scholar at Cambridge University's Department of History and Philosophy of Science. His principal field of study is the history of the earth sciences; his work has been described as the "definitive histories of the pre-Darwinian earth sciences". Rudwick was an early scholar to critique the conflict thesis regarding religion and science.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Tarapada Chakraborty
Tarapada Chakraborty (1 April 1909 – 1 September 1975) was an Indian classical vocalist. He was born in Kotalipara, Faridpur, Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh) to a Vedic Brahmin family. He is known for the khyal and thumri forms of singing, as well as for his popular renditions of Raagpradhans. He is the pioneer of the Kotali Gharana which is best known for its slow rendition of alap while presenting a raga. He was the first Indian classical artiste to have presented any Raaga in 48-beats vilambit format, which is considered to be a difficult rendition in itself. He is the creator of Raaga Chhaya Hindol and Navamalaka.

In 1972, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. He was the recipient of State Academy Award from Rabindra Bharati University in 1972.

Vilambit
Vilambit (Hindi: विलंबित; also called vilambit laya) is an introductory slow tempo, or laya, between 10 and 40 beats per minute, used in the performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music. For major ragas, the vilambit portion generally takes up two-thirds or more of the performance, and is followed by a short drut to conclude the performance. Vocalists use a slower definition of time than instrumentalists (Gottlieb 1977a:41). Vilambit is a part of 3 different kinds of Layas, (Laya Vilambit, Laya Madhyam, and Laya Drut) all of them have different speeds and can be referred to later on.