hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Whitney Bellows
Henry Whitney Bellows (June 11, 1814 – January 30, 1882) was an American clergyman, and the planner and president of the United States Sanitary Commission, the leading soldiers' aid society, during the American Civil War. 
Under his leadership, the USSC became the largest and most effective organization dedicated to supporting the health and efficiency of the Union army.

Harvard Divinity School
Harvard Divinity School (HDS) is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school's mission is to educate its students either in the academic study of religion or for leadership roles in religion, government, and service. It also caters to students from other Harvard schools that are interested in the former field. HDS is among a small group of university-based, non-denominational divinity schools in the United States.
Monongahela City Bridge
The Monongahela City Bridge, officially known as the General Carl E. Vuono Bridge, spans the Monongahela River from the City of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania to Forward Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It was built to replace a bridge that was situated one-quarter of a mile north of the current bridge's location at First and Main Streets.

Forward Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Forward Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,068 at the 2020 census. The township is named after Walter Forward, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1841 to 1843.
Spaghetti Vabune!
Spaghetti Vabune! is a Japanese pop band based in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. They have been active since 2001 and have released two studio albums along with several EPs. Their guitar-driven indie pop music takes inspiration from the Shibuya-kei scene of the early 1990s, notably Flipper's Guitar (whose song Cool Spy on a Hot Car they covered for a tribute project to the band), as well as Western twee and jangle pop bands.

The band has played live in Japan sporadically since 2001 and enjoy limited success overseas. Their track Tiger was featured on BBC Radio 6's 'Introducing' programme, and was subsequently elected onto a year-end 'best of' compilation show.

Jangle pop
Jangle pop is a subgenre of pop rock and indie rock that emphasizes jangly guitars and 1960s-style pop melodies. The "jangly" guitar sound is characterized by its clean, shimmering and arpeggiated tone, often created using 12-string electric guitars. The term is usually applied to late 1970s/early 1980s bands emerging from the post-punk scene, often influenced by 1960s groups such as the Byrds. Notable acts include Big Star, R.E.M. and the Smiths.
Vyshka, Russia
Vyshka (Russian: Вышка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Vyshka, Astrakhan Oblast, a selo in Rynkovsky Selsoviet of Limansky District in Astrakhan Oblast; 45°36′N 47°38′E﻿ / ﻿45.600°N 47.633°E﻿ / 45.600; 47.633

Vyshka, Kirov Oblast, a village in Biserovsky Rural Okrug of Afanasyevsky District in Kirov Oblast; 59°10′N 53°12′E﻿ / ﻿59.167°N 53.200°E﻿ / 59.167; 53.200

Vyshka, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Nizhegorodsky Selsoviet of Dalnekonstantinovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; 55°57′N 43°57′E﻿ / ﻿55.950°N 43.950°E﻿ / 55.950; 43.950

Vyshka, Tver Oblast, a village in Zarechenskoye Rural Settlement of Maksatikhinsky District in Tver Oblast

Vyshka (settlement), Yaroslavl Oblast, a settlement in Pokrovo-Sitsky Rural Okrug of Breytovsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast

Vyshka (village), Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Pokrovo-Sitsky Rural Okrug of Breytovsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast

Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda oblasts.

This geographic location gives the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Additionally, the city of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast, is served by major highways, railroads, and waterways. The population of the oblast was 1,272,468 as of the 2010 Census.
Heppner Library-Museum
The Heppner Library-Museum is a joint public library and county museum located in Heppner, Oregon. The library is a branch of the Oregon Trail Library District and part of Oregon's Sage Library System. In 1958, Mrs. Amanda Duvall gifted the library to Heppner as a memorial to her husband and daughter. The City of Heppner donated the land upon which Duvall’s gift was constructed. The work was completed by the McCormack Construction Company of Pendleton and the Case Furniture Company of Heppner. The Heppner Library-Museum was dedicated in 1960 and remains an active and important anchor in the community.

State Library of Oregon
The State Library of Oregon is the library for the U.S. state of Oregon, located directly northwest of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem. Its mission is to provide leadership and resources to continue growing vibrant library services for Oregonians with print disabilities, the Legislature and state government, and all Oregonians through local libraries.
"Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration
The "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration (Albanian: Dekorata "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu") is a high honorary state decoration that is currently awarded to Albanian and foreign citizens in Albania, that have made an important contribution to the defence, reinforcement and development of the Republic of Albania.

The name refers to Skanderbeg, who is the national hero of the Albanian people. The Decoration is granted by the President of Albania. It should not be confused with the royal Order of Skanderbeg, which is a dynastic order bestowed by the Albanian royal family.

Bujar Nishani
Bujar Faik Nishani (Albanian pronunciation: [bujaɾ ni'ʃani]; 29 September 1966 – 28 May 2022) was an Albanian politician who served as President of Albania from 2012 to 2017.

Nishani was the youngest person to have been chosen as president of Albania, taking office at the age of 47. Before his election as president, Nishani held a number of governmental and diplomatic positions. Namely, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs from 2007 to 2009, and again between 2011 and 2012, as well as Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2011.
R. K. Films
R. K. Films was an Indian film production company based in R. K. Studio, a film studio, both established by and named after the Bollywood actor Raj Kapoor. It was headquartered at Chembur, Mumbai. Founded in 1948, one year after India gained independence. It had a rough start, as its first movie, Aag (1948) did not perform well at the box office. Most of the R. K. Films productions share a common theme of criticising society and depicting love across social divides.

Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Ram Teri Ganga Maili (transl. Ram, your Ganga is tainted) is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film co-written and directed by Raj Kapoor. The film stars Rajiv Kapoor and Mandakini. The music was composed by Ravindra Jain. It was the last film directed by Kapoor.

Ram Teri Ganga Maili was released on 16 August 1985. The film was the highest-grossing Indian film of the year, which Box Office India classified as an "All-Time Blockbuster". It was also one of the highest-grossing Indian films of the 1980s, alongside Kranti (1981) and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989).

The film won five Filmfare Awards. The film generated controversy because of Mandakini's scenes of breastfeeding and bathing in a translucent saree. The film still received a U (Universal) certificate from the Indian Film Certification Board, which was later amended to U/A.
Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath
The Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath (RNCF) was set up at Holton Heath, Dorset, England, in World War I to manufacture cordite for the Royal Navy. It was reactivated in World War II to manufacture gun propellants for the Admiralty and its output was supplemented by the Royal Navy Propellant Factory, Caerwent. After the end of World War II, the explosive manufacturing areas of the site were closed down and some areas of the site reopened as the Admiralty Materials Laboratory. A major part of the explosives site became a nature reserve in 1981. Other parts of the site were converted into an industrial estate, and some may be used for housing.

The Admiralty Materials Laboratory was later merged with other departments to become the Admiralty Research Establishment which later became part of Defence Research Agency (DRA) and DRA Holton Heath finally closed in the late 1990s.  None of the site is now owned by the Ministry of Defence.

National nature reserves in England
In England, national nature reserves (NNRs) are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural features. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England itself, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of The Wildlife Trusts partnership, the National Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

There are 221 NNRs in England covering 1,100 square kilometres (420 square miles). Often they contain rare or nationally important populations of species, such as birds, plants, insects, reptiles and mammals.
Al-Jabalain Club
Al-Jabalain Football Club (Arabic: نادي الجبلين, lit. Two Mountains Football Club) is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in the city of Hail, in north-western Saudi Arabia, that competes in the Saudi First Division League, the second tier of the Saudi football league system.

Hail (city)
Hail (Arabic: حائل, Ḥāʾil) is a city in north-western Saudi Arabia, located between the Shammar Mountains of Aja and Salma. It is the seat and largest city of Hail Province. As of 2022, Hail has a population of 498,575.

Hail is largely agricultural, with significant grain, date, and fruit production. A large percentage of the kingdom's wheat production comes from Hail Province, where the area to the northeast, 60 to 100 km (37 to 62 miles) away, consists of irrigated gardens. Historically, Hail derived its wealth from being on the camel caravan route of the Hajj. Hail is well known for the generosity of its people throughout Saudi Arabia and the Arab world as it is the place where Hatim al-Tai lived. It is also the homeland of the Rashidi dynasty, historical rivals to the House of Saud.
Washington Cucurto
Santiago Vega (born in 1973 in Quilmes), better known as Washington Cucurto, is an Argentinian writer of fiction, prose and poetry. He is the self-proclaimed creator of realismo atolondrado ('headlong realism'). His writing shares tendencies of American authors like Charles Bukowski, William S. Burroughs and Henry Miller. Because of his subject matter and style, he is a cult author, especially among young readers. His work deals with negritude, poverty, homosexuality, and other fringe cultures. In 2002 he founded Eloísa Cartonera, an extremely successful non-profit publishing house specializing in handmade and affordable books from recycled materials.

Quilmes
Quilmes (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkilmes]) is a city on the coast of the Rio de la Plata, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on the southeast end of the Greater Buenos Aires, being some 17 km (11 mi) away from the urban centre area of Buenos Aires. The city was founded in 1666 and is the seat of the eponymous partido (district).
Clara (surname)
Clara or Clarà is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Damian Clara (born 2005), Italian ice hockey goaltender

Florian Clara (born 1988), Italian luger

Jaime Clara (born 1965), Uruguayan journalist and writer

Josep Clarà (1878–1958), Spanish sculptor

Patrick Clara (1863–1915), Australian politician

Roland Clara (born 1982), Italian cross country skier

Roland Clara
Roland Clara (born 8 March 1982 in Bruneck) is an Italian cross-country skier who has competed since 2002. He finished 36th in the 50 km event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Clara's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fourth in the 4 × 10 km relay at Liberec in 2009 while his best individual finish was third in the 15 km individual event in Sjusjoen.
Gerry O'Connor (hurling manager)
Gerry O'Connor (born 1966) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. He was the joint-manager of the Clare senior team with Donal Moloney from 2016 until departing after the 2019 championship.

On 4 June 2017, in his first Championship game in charge alongside Donal Moloney, Clare defeated Limerick in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship semi-final at Semple Stadium on a 2-16 to 3-17 scoreline.

2012 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2012 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment in 1964. The draw for the 2012 fixtures took place in late 2011. The championship began on 6 June 2012 and ended on 15 September 2012. Galway were the defending champions.

Clare won the All-Ireland final after defeating Kilkenny by 2–17 to 2–11.
Count of Osorno
Count of Osorno is a Spanish hereditary peerage that was granted on 31 August 1445 by John II of Castile to Gabriel Fernández Manrique, 1st Duke of Galisteo. The title is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain.

On the death in 1675 of Ana Apolonia Manrique de Lara, 8th Countess, and in the absence of an heir, the title went to the House of Alba, which still holds it.

The name of the title refers to the municipality of Osorno la Mayor in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

Province of Palencia
Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provinces of León, Cantabria, Burgos, and Valladolid.
Aircraft recognition
Aircraft recognition is a visual skill taught to military personnel and civilian auxiliaries since the introduction of military aircraft in World War I. It is important for air defense and military intelligence gathering.

Aircraft recognition generally depends on learning the external appearance of the aircraft, both friendly and hostile, most likely to be encountered. Techniques used to teach this information have included scale models, printed silhouette charts, slide projectors, computer aided instruction and even specially-printed playing cards.

Scale model
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same scale as the prototype are called mockups.

Scale models are used as tools in engineering design and testing, promotion and sales, filmmaking special effects, military strategy, and hobbies such as rail transport modeling, wargaming and racing; and as toys. Model building is also pursued as a hobby for the sake of artisanship.

Scale models are constructed of plastic, wood, or metal. They are usually painted with enamel, lacquer, or acrylics.
Model prototypes include all types of vehicles (railroad trains, cars, trucks, military vehicles, aircraft, and spacecraft), buildings, people, and science fiction themes (spaceships and robots).
Niall of the Nine Hostages
Niall Noígíallach (pronounced [ˈn̠ʲiːa̯l̪ n̪oːi̯ˈɣʲiːa̯l̪əx]; Old Irish "having nine hostages"), or Niall of the Nine Hostages, was a legendary, and possibly historical, Irish king. He was reputedly a High King of Ireland, and the progenitor of the Uí Néill dynasties who dominated Ireland from the 6th to the 10th centuries. Although Irish annalistic and chronicle sources place his reign in the late 4th and early 5th centuries, modern scholars date him about half a century later.: 70

Geoffrey Keating
Geoffrey Keating (Irish: Seathrún Céitinn; c. 1569 – c. 1644) was an Irish historian. He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, and is buried in Tubrid Graveyard in the parish of Ballylooby-Duhill. He became a Catholic priest and a poet.
Rausu Municipal Museum
Rausu Municipal Museum (羅臼町郷土資料館, Rausu-chō Kyōdo Shiryōkan) opened in Rausu, Hokkaidō, Japan in 2011. The museum is housed in the former Uebetsu Elementary and Junior High School building. The display is organized in accordance with six main themes: archaeological materials relating to the Jōmon, Zoku-Jōmon, Okhotsk, Tobinitai (トビニタイ文化), and Satsumon cultures; artefacts from the Matsunorikawa Hokugan Site (Okhotsk culture) that have been designated an Important Cultural Property; Rausu's luminous moss, a Prefectural Natural Monument; the Middle Ages and early modern period (the Wajin and Ainu, chashi, etc.); local industries and life, with an emphasis on fishing; and the wildlife of Shiretoko, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, including the white-tailed eagle, Blakiston's fish owl, and whales.

Zoku-Jōmon period
The Zoku-Jōmon period (続縄文時代) (c. 340 BC–700 AD), also referred to as the Epi-Jōmon period, is the time in Japanese prehistory that saw the flourishing of the Zoku-Jōmon culture, a continuation of Jōmon culture in northern Tōhoku and Hokkaidō that corresponds with the Yayoi period and Kofun period elsewhere. Zoku-Jōmon ("continuing cord-marking") in turn gave way to Satsumon ("brushed pattern" or "scraped design") around the seventh century or in the Nara period (710–794). The "Yayoinisation" of northeast Honshū took place in the mid-Yayoi period; use of the term Zoku-Jōmon is then confined to those, in Hokkaidō, who did not "become Yayoi". Despite the elements of continuity emphasised by the name, which include the continuing production of cord-marked ceramics, ongoing employment of stone technology, and non-transition to rice-based agriculture, all Jōmon hallmarks, the Zoku-Jōmon period nevertheless saw a "major break in mobility and subsistence patterns".
Russian Alsos
The Soviet Alsos or Russian Alsos is the western codename for an operation that took place during 1945–1946 in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, in order to exploit German atomic related facilities, intellectual materials, material resources, and scientific personnel for the benefit of the Soviet atomic bomb project.
The contributions of the German scientists is borne out by the many USSR State Prizes and other awards given in the wake of the second Soviet atomic bomb test, a uranium-based atomic bomb; awards for uranium production and isotope separation were prevalent. Also significant in both the first Soviet atomic bomb test – a plutonium-based atomic bomb which required a uranium reactor for plutonium generation – and the second test, was the Soviet acquisition of a significant amount of uranium immediately before and shortly after the close of World War II. This saved the Soviets at least a year by their own admission.

Isotope separation
Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is varied. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. This process is crucial in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power plants and is also required for the creation of uranium-based nuclear weapons (unless uranium-233 is used). Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade.

While chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium.
Shibli al-Aysami
Shiblī Yousef Hamad al-Aysamī (Arabic: شبلي العيسمي), alternatively also Shibli-L-Aʾysami, al-Ayasami, al-Ayssami or al-ʿAisamī, (5 February 1925 – June 4, 2011) was a Syrian politician and Arab nationalist figure. He was born to a Druze family in al-Suwayda, Syria. He was kidnapped by unknown persons in Aley, Lebanon and is presumed to be dead.

Suwayda
Suwayda (Arabic: ٱلسُّوَيْدَاء, romanized: as-Suwaydāʾ) is a city located in southern Syria, close to the border with Jordan. It is a Druze-majority city, with small Christian and Sunni Muslim Bedouin minorities.

It is the capital of the Sweida Governorate, one of Syria's 14 governorates, bordering Jordan in the South, Daraa Governorate in the West and Rif Dimashq Governorate in the north and east.

The city is sometimes referred to as "Little Venezuela" due to the city's influx of affluent Venezuelan Syrian immigrants. Many of them are descendants of Suwayda natives who emigrated to Venezuela in the nineteenth century; upon returning, they brought with them the Spanish language and elements of South American culture.

According to the 2004 census conducted by Syria's Central Bureau of Statistics, Suwayda had a population of 73,641.
Feminist Studies
Feminist Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering women's studies that was established in 1972. It is an independent nonprofit publication housed at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. Besides scholarly articles, the journal also publishes creative writing (poetry, fiction, and memoirs), artwork and art essays, book reviews, political and social commentaries, interviews, and activist reports.

Occasionally, special issues are published on topics such as Chicana Studies; Women and Prison; Women's Work, Social Class, and Socialism; Sexuality, Sexual Violence, and Sexual Identities; Culture and History in the New South Africa; the Body and Healthcare; Rethinking the Global; and Conjugality and Sexual Economies in India.

Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.
Episcopal Diocese of Western New York
The Episcopal Diocese of Western New York is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America with jurisdiction over the counties of Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans and Wyoming in western New York. It is in Province 2 and its cathedral,  St. Paul's Cathedral, is in Buffalo. The diocesan offices are in Tonawanda, New York.

The diocese reported 9,336 members in 2015 and 6,014 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 51 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $4,482,415. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 1,646 persons.

Tonawanda, New York
Tonawanda is a city in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 15,129 at the 2020 census. It is at the northern edge of Erie County, south across the Erie Canal (Tonawanda Creek) from North Tonawanda, east of Grand Island, and north of Buffalo. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.