hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Certification of Italian as a Foreign Language
The Certification of Italian as a Foreign Language (Certificazione di Italiano come Lingua Straniera or CILS) is a qualification offered by the Foreigners University of Siena for foreign speakers of the Italian language, recognizing various levels of language proficiency.  The qualification is recognized by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is often used to grant acceptance in any Italian university or higher education institution in Italy.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italian: Ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale or MAECI) is the foreign ministry of the government of the Italian Republic. It is also known as the Farnesina as a metonym from its headquarters, the Palazzo della Farnesina in Rome. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Antonio Tajani.
Ivy Liu
Ivy I-Ming Liu is a Taiwanese and New Zealander statistician specializing in categorical and ordinal data. She works as an associate professor and as head of the School of Mathematics and Statistics at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.

Ordinal data
Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known.: 2  These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S. Stevens in 1946. The ordinal scale is distinguished from the nominal scale by having a ranking. It also differs from the interval scale and ratio scale by not having category widths that represent equal increments of the underlying attribute.
New Holland Agriculture
New Holland is a global full-line agricultural machinery manufacturer founded in New Holland, Pennsylvania, and now based in Turin, Italy. New Holland's products include tractors, combine harvesters, balers, forage harvesters, self-propelled sprayers, haying tools, seeding equipment, hobby tractors, utility vehicles and implements, and grape harvesters. Originally formed as the New Holland Machine Company in 1895, the company is now owned by CNH Industrial N.V., a company incorporated in the Netherlands.

New Holland equipment is manufactured at 18 plants globally (as well as six joint ventures in the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East). The current administrative headquarters are in Turin, Italy, with New Holland, Pennsylvania serving as the brand's North American headquarters.

New Holland also owns trademarks for innovations on its products such as the ABS Super Steer system, Opti Fan System, Intellifill system, and more.

Sprayer
A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid, where sprayers are commonly used for projection of water, weed killers, crop performance materials, pest maintenance chemicals, as well as manufacturing and production line ingredients. In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors with boom mounts of 4–30 feet (1.2–9.1 m) up to 60–151 feet (18–46 m) in length depending on engineering design for tractor and land size.
Mahnalanselkä – Kirkkojärvi
Mahnalanselkä – Kirkkojärvi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is located in Pirkanmaa region in the Finnish Lakeland and in the Hämeenkyrö municipality. The lake is quite narrow and about 20 km long. There are four sub-lakes in the lake. The northeast part is called Kirkkojärvi, and southward is the Laitilansalmi strait, Kallioistenselkä open water, the Kallioistenahdas strait, the Mahnalanselkä open water and a narrow sublake called Jokisjärvi.

In Finland there are 17 lakes called Kirkkojärvi. This is the biggest of them.

Finnish Lakeland
Finnish Lakeland or the Finnish lake district (Finnish: Järvi-Suomi [ˈjærʋiˌsuo̯mi], "Lake Finland", Swedish: Insjöfinland) is a large landscape region in central eastern Finland.

The hilly, forest-covered landscape of Lakeland Finland's lake plateau is dominated by drumlins and by long sinuous eskers. Both are glacial remnants deposited after the continental glaciers that scoured and gouged the country's surface receded about 10,000 years ago.

The lake basins of the lakeland originate from the joint work of weathering and erosion of fractures in the bedrock. The erosion that made the depressions occurred before and during the Quaternary ice ages. Erosion along fractures has produced linear inlets among the lakes.
Arada (film)
Arada is a 2018 Turkish teen drama film written and directed by Mu Tunç in his feature film debut.  The film tells the story of a young punk kid who wants to leave Istanbul in pursuit of a successful music career in California. The movie is depicting the underground life and punk music scene in Istanbul during 1990's. The film stars Burak Deniz, Büşra Develi, Ceren Moray, Deniz Celiloğlu, Selim Bayraktar and Seda Akman. It was released nationwide on 13 April 2018, in 81 theaters and has premiered in international film festivals and museums. Arada considered as one of the first punk film of Turkey.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
Anders Thor
Anders Johan Thor (1935–2012) was a Swedish scientist and teacher most notable for his
leadership in international standardization of quantities and units. He is one of the creators of binary prefixes and the IUPAC Green Book.

Thor obtained a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1959 and the licentiate in mechanics and mathematics in 1964, both at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. From 1962-65 Thor was lecturer in mechanics at KTH and became a professor in 1965.

From 1994 to 2001, Thor was an associate member of the IUPAC Commission on Physicochemical Symbols, Nomenclature and Units (Commission I.1). Thor was Secretary of ISO Technical Committee 12: Quantities and Units from 1982 until 2009, when he was appointed the chairman of the committee. In addition to standards, Thor is a two-time Swedish basketball champion in the 1950s.

Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, also known as the Green Book, is a compilation of terms and symbols widely used in the field of physical chemistry. It also includes a table of physical constants, tables listing the properties of elementary particles, chemical elements, and nuclides, and information about conversion factors that are commonly used in physical chemistry. The Green Book is published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is based on published, citeable sources. Information in the Green Book is synthesized from recommendations made by IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), including recommendations listed in the IUPAP Red Book Symbols, Units, Nomenclature and Fundamental Constants in Physics and in the ISO 31 standards.
U.S. Route 28
U.S. Route 28 (US 28) was an east–west United States Numbered Highway that was located completely in the U.S. state of Oregon. It connected US 99 in Eugene with US 30 in Ontario. It existed from 1926 to 1952.

Ontario, Oregon
Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It lies along the Snake River at the Idaho border. The population was 11,645 at the 2020 census. The city is the largest community in the region of far eastern Oregon, also known as the Western Treasure Valley.

Ontario is the principal city of the Ontario, OR-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Malheur County in Oregon and Payette County in Idaho.

Ontario is approximately halfway between Portland and Salt Lake City. It is the closest city to the Idaho border along Interstate 84. The city's slogan is "Where Oregon Begins".
Slobodan Jeremić
Slobodan Jeremić (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Јеремић; born 17 March 1949) is a former politician in Serbia. He served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2012 to 2014 as a member of the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (Partija ujedinjenih penzionera Srbije, PUPS).

PUPS – Solidarity and Justice
The Party of United Pensioners, Farmers, and Proletarians of Serbia – Solidarity and Justice (Serbian: Партија уједињених пензионера, пољопривредника и пролетера Србије – солидарност и правда, romanized: Partija ujedinjenih penzionera, poljoprivrednika i proletera Srbije – solidarnost i pravda, abbr. PUPS) is a political party in Serbia that advocates for pensioners' interests.

Known officially as Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS) until June 2022, the party was founded in 2005 by Jovan Krkobabić and former members of the Socialist Party of Serbia, they were a part of the SPS-led coalition between 2008 and 2016 and since 2016 they have been a part of the SNS-led coalition. It is currently led by Milan Krkobabić, who has been the president since 2014. It also maintains socially conservative views.
Wexford County Council
Wexford County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Loch Garman) is the local authority of County Wexford, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 34 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, currently Eddie Taaffe. The county town is Wexford.

Local Government Act 2001
The Local Government Act 2001 (No. 37) was enacted by the Oireachtas on 21 July 2001 to reform local government in Ireland. Most of the provisions of the Act came into operation on 1 January 2002. The act was a restatement and amendment of previous legislation, which was centred on the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. The 2001 act remains in force, although significantly amended by the Local Government Reform Act 2014.

According to the explanatory memorandum issued before the passing of the Act, its purposes were to:

enhance the role of the elected member,

support community involvement with local authorities in a more participative local democracy,

modernise local government legislation, and provide the framework for new financial management systems and other procedures to promote efficiency and effectiveness,

underpin generally the programme of local government renewal.
49th Baeksang Arts Awards
The 49th Baeksang Arts Awards ceremony was held at Kyung Hee University's Peace Palace Hall in Seoul on 9 May 2013, and broadcast on jTBC. Presented by IS Plus Corp., it was hosted by announcer Oh Sang-jin, actress Kim Ah-joong, and actor Joo Won.

Joo Won
Joo Won (Korean: 주원; born Moon Joon-won on September 30, 1987) is a South Korean actor. He is known for starring in the television series Bread, Love and Dreams (2010), Ojakgyo Family (2011–2012), Bridal Mask (2012), Good Doctor (2013), Yong-pal (2015), and Alice (2020).
Operation Musketoon
Operation Musketoon was the codeword for a British–Norwegian commando raid in the Second World War. The operation was mounted against the German-held Glomfjord power plant in Norway from 11 to 21 September 1942.

The raiders consisted of two officers and eight men from No. 2 Commando and two men of the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile who were part of the Special Operations Executive. Crossing the North Sea by submarine, on arrival in Norway they attacked and damaged the plant, which was closed for the rest of the war.

To evade German search parties, the commandos split into two groups. One group of four men reached Sweden and were eventually repatriated to the United Kingdom. The second group was captured; one man died of wounds and the other seven were taken to Germany, interrogated and then executed at Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

Code word (communication)
In communication, a code word is an element of a standardized code or protocol. Each code word is assembled in accordance with the specific rules of the code and assigned a unique meaning. Code words are typically used for reasons of reliability, clarity, brevity, or secrecy.
Đông Hải district
Đông Hải was a rural district (huyện) of Bạc Liêu province (Now Cà Mau province) in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 130,557. The district covered an area of 550 km2. The district capital lies at Gành Hào.

Gành Hào
Gành Hào is a commune of Cà Mau Province, in south-western Vietnam.

The Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1655/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Cà Mau Province in 2025 (the resolution takes effect from 16 June 2025). Accordingly, Gành Hào Commune was established in Cà Mau Province on the basis of the entire natural area of 13.40 km² with a population of 17,587 people of Gành Hào Township, and the entire natural area of 71.25 km² with a population of 13,965 people of Long Điền Tây Commune, Đông Hải District, Bạc Liêu Province.
Tisotumab vedotin
Tisotumab vedotin, sold under the brand name Tivdak, is an antibody-drug conjugate used to treat cervical cancer. It is a combination of tisotumab, a monoclonal antibody against tissue factor, and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a potent inhibitor of cell division. It is administered by infusion into a vein.

Tisotumab vedotin was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2021, and in the European Union in March 2025. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry of clinical trials. It is run by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health, and holds registrations from over 444,000 trials from 221 countries.
Synchiropus zamboangana
Synchiropus zamboangana, the Zamboangan dragonet, is a species of ray-finned fish within the family Callionymidae. The species is believed to be native to the Philippines, as only 2 specimens have been caught off Zamboanga in 1909. Due to it only having 2 specimens little is known about its population or habitat, but its assumed to live alongside continental shelves in deep waters inhabiting sandy and muddy substrate, similar to members of its genus. It has been classified as 'Data deficient' by the IUCN Red List as little is known about its ecology, population and potential threats.

Dragonet
Dragonets are small percomorph marine fish of the diverse family Callionymidae (from the Greek kallis, "beautiful" and onyma, "name") found mainly in the tropical waters of the western Indo-Pacific. They are benthic organisms, spending most of their time near the sandy bottoms, at a depth of roughly two hundred meters. There exist 139 species of the fish, in nineteen genera.

Due to similarities in morphology and behavior, dragonets are sometimes confused with members of the goby family. However, male dragonets can be differentiated from the goby by their very long dorsal fins, and females by their protruding lower jaws. The Draconettidae may be considered a sister family, whose members are very much alike, though rarely seen.
Die Rheinnixen
Die Rheinnixen (French: Les fées du Rhin; English The Rhine Nixies) is a romantic opera in four acts by Jacques Offenbach. The original libretto by Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter was translated into German by Alfred von Wolzogen.

The Elves' Song from Die Rheinnixen was later used in The Tales of Hoffmann, where it became the "Barcarolle" (Belle nuit, ô nuit d'amour) in the 'Giulietta' act; Conrad's drinking song was also re-used in the same act.

Piotr Beczała
Piotr Beczała (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpjɔtr bɛˈt͡ʂawa]); born 28 December 1966) is a Polish operatic tenor with an international career based primarily in Europe and the United States. He has performed in the world's leading opera houses including Metropolitan Opera, La Scala, Gran Teatre del Liceu, Royal Opera House, Semperoper, Carnegie Hall, Teatro Real, Deutsche Oper Berlin and is particularly known for his portrayals of characters from the operas of Giuseppe Verdi and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In 2015, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for his artistic achievements.
The Instant Monty Python CD Collection
The Instant Monty Python CD Collection is a box set released in 1994 of six CDs containing eight albums by the Monty Python troupe. It does not include the first Monty Python record, Monty Python's Flying Circus, whose rights are still owned by the BBC.

It contained a small booklet of reprinted material from album sleeves and previous Python books.

The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief
The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief is the fourth album by the comedy group Monty Python, released in 1973. Most of the material was newly written for the album along with a handful of sketches from the third series of Flying Circus, one from the second ("Bruces") and another from the first ("Pet Conversions"). The team were once again joined by Neil Innes, who provided a trio of rock music parodies for "The Background to History". The album was famously mixed and edited in a garden shed belonging to the father of producer Andre Jacquemin.
Renaud Denauw
Renaud Denauw (born 28 November 1936 in Mouscron), also known as "Renaud", is a Belgian comic book artist. He is best known for his collaboration with writer Jean Dufaux in the Jessica Blandy comic book.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Algernon Greville (MP)
Algernon Greville (c. 1677 – 28 April 1720) was the second son of Fulke Greville, 5th Baron Brooke, son of Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke, and his wife Sarah Dashwood.  He married Mary, daughter and coheir of Lord Arthur Somerset, the youngest son of Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort. Their daughter, Mary (20 December 1713 – 1 March 1786), who married Shuckburgh Boughton (d. 1763) in 1736, had Sir Charles William Rouse Boughton, 1st and 9th Bt.

He served as member of Parliament for Warwick from 1699 to 1705 (with a short gap).  His son Fulke Greville represented Monmouth Boroughs from 1747 to 1752.

Monmouth Boroughs
Monmouth Boroughs (also known as the Monmouth District of Boroughs) was a parliamentary constituency consisting of several towns in Monmouthshire. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliaments of England, Great Britain, and finally the United Kingdom; until 1832 the constituency was known simply as Monmouth, though it included other "contributory boroughs".
Steve Brodie (actor)
Steve Brodie (born John Daugherty Stephens; November 21, 1919 – January 9, 1992) was an American stage, film, and television actor from El Dorado in Butler County in south central Kansas. He reportedly adopted his screen name in memory of Steve Brodie, a daredevil who claimed to have jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge in 1886 and survived.

Butler County, Kansas
Butler County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas and is the largest county in the state by total area.  Its county seat is El Dorado and its most populous city is Andover.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 67,380.  The county was named for Andrew Butler, a U.S. Senator from South Carolina who coauthored the Kansas–Nebraska Act.
Henry Bartelmann House
Henry Bartelmann House, also known as the Henry Geisecke House, is a historic home located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. It was built about 1860, and is a two-story, three-bay, side entry brick dwelling on a stone foundation.  It has a side-gable roof and tall brick jack arched door and window openings.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
2018 Conference Carolinas men's volleyball tournament
The 2018 Conference Carolinas men's volleyball tournament is the men's volleyball tournament for Conference Carolinas during the 2018 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season. It is being held  April 17 through April 21, 2018 at campus sites. The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Volleyball Tournament.

Conference Carolinas
Conference Carolinas (formerly known as the Carolinas-Virginia Athletic Conference, Carolinas Conference, and North State Conference) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) primarily at the Division II level. It is also considered as one of the seven Division I conferences for men's volleyball. Originally formed in 1930, the league reached its modern incarnation in 1994. Member institutions are located in the southeastern United States in the states of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Conference Carolinas membership currently consists of 16 small colleges or universities, 14 private and 2 public.
Lauteraar Hut
The Lauteraar Hut (German: Lauteraarhütte) is a mountain hut of the Swiss Alpine Club, located south-west of Handegg in the canton of Bern. The hut lies at a height of 2,392 metres (7,848 ft) above sea level, above the Unteraar Glacier, at the foot of the Hienderstock in the Bernese Alps.

The shortest access to the hut is from the Grimsel Hospice, below the Grimsel Pass.

Swiss Alpine Club
The Swiss Alpine Club (German: Schweizer Alpen-Club, French: Club Alpin Suisse, Italian: Club Alpino Svizzero, Romansh: Club Alpin Svizzer) is the largest mountaineering club in Switzerland. It was founded in 1863 in Olten and it is now composed of 110 sections with 174,726 members (2023). These include the Association of British Members of the Swiss Alpine Club.

Founded 15 years after the modern Swiss state, the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) has been credited with playing a role in shaping national identity by promoting knowledge of the Alps and contributing to topographic mapping. Several Swiss cabinet members have belonged to the SAC over the years.