hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Bolton (merchant)
Lieutenant-Colonel John Bolton (22 March 1756 – 24 February 1837) was an English merchant, Volunteer Corps officer and slave trader. During the Napoleonic Wars, he raised an 800-strong battalion of the Liverpool Volunteers regiment to defend against Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom.

Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom
Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom at the start of the War of the Third Coalition, although never carried out, was a major influence on British naval strategy and the fortification of the coast of South East England. In 1796 the French had already tried to invade Ireland in order to destabilise the United Kingdom or as a stepping-stone to Great Britain. The first French Army of England had gathered on the Channel coast in 1798, but an invasion of England was sidelined by Napoleon's concentration on the campaigns in Egypt and against Austria, and shelved in 1802 by the Peace of Amiens. Building on planning for mooted invasions under France's ancien régime in 1744, 1759, and 1779, preparations began again in earnest soon after the outbreak of war in 1803, and were finally called off in 1805, before the Battle of Trafalgar.
Protein methylation
Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing side-chains of arginine and lysine, but also at the amino- and carboxy-termini of a number of different proteins. In biology, methyltransferases catalyze the methylation process, activated primarily by S-adenosylmethionine. 
Protein methylation has been most studied in histones, where the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine is catalyzed by histone methyltransferases. Histones that are methylated on certain residues can act epigenetically to repress or activate gene expression.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Gerry Macken
Gerry Macken (born 5 October 1957) is an Irish bobsledder. He competed in the two man event at the 1992 Winter Olympics. Macken's story was the subject of a documentary film, Breaking Ice, which was shown at the 2020 Galway Film Fleadh.

Galway Film Fleadh
The Galway Film Fleadh (pronounced [fʲlʲaː]; Irish for "festival") is an international film festival founded in 1989 as part of the Galway Arts Festival. Describing itself as Ireland’s leading film festival, the event is held every July in Galway, Ireland.

In 2022, a MovieMaker magazine panel of U.S. filmmakers, critics and industry executives included the festival on its list of the "50 Film Festivals Worth the Entry Fee".
Pamela Hunter
Pamela J. Hunter is an American politician who has served as speaker pro tempore of the New York State Assembly since 2025. She has represented the 128th district as a Democrat since 2015. The district includes portions of Syracuse, as well as the surrounding towns of Salina, DeWitt, and Onondaga.

Salina, New York
Salina is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,223. The name of the town is derived from the Latin word for "salt." Salina is a northern suburb of Syracuse.
Willis Alan Ramsey (album)
Willis Alan Ramsey is the sole studio release by the Texas songwriter Willis Alan Ramsey. The album's genre is hard to categorize with touches of country, country rock, folk, and folk rock. The tunes range from the reflection and regret of "The Ballad of Spider John" to a heartfelt tribute to Woody Guthrie on "Boy from Oklahoma". It was recorded on Leon Russell's Shelter label in 1972, and Russell sat in on piano, keyboards, and vibraphone. Other guest musicians include: Carl Radle, Jim Keltner, Red Rhodes, Leland Sklar, and Russ Kunkel. The song "Muskrat Candlelight" was covered by the band America in 1973 and by Captain & Tennille in 1976, both using the title "Muskrat Love." "The Ballad of Spider John" was covered by Jimmy Buffett on his 1974 album Living & Dying in 3/4 Time. The song "Satin Sheets" (not the Jeanne Pruett song of the same name) was covered by The Bellamy Brothers and Shawn Colvin. The album was mixed by Al Schmitt.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
Pavlo Borysenko
Pavlo Vitaliyovich Borysenko (Ukrainian: Павло Віталійович Борисенко; born 4 June 1987) is a Ukrainian-Romanian ice hockey player.

He started out playing for Sokil Kyiv in the 2001/2002 season before moving to North America for spells in the junior leagues, first in the Eastern Junior Hockey League with the Bridgewater Bandits and then in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League with the Acadie-Bathurst Titan.  He then played in the Vysshaya Liga in Russia for Kristall Saratov and then played in the Belarusian Hockey League for HK Vitebsk before moving to Liepaja in 2006. Internationally Borysenko first played for the Ukrainian national junior team and Ukrainian national team, though he became a naturalised Romanian citizen and made his debut for the Romanian national team in 2019.

Romania men's national ice hockey team
The Romanian men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey of Romania, and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. They are currently ranked 27th in the 2019 IIHF World Rankings and currently compete in Division IA. They have competed in four Olympic ice hockey competitions, the most recent being in 1980.
The English Marriage
The English Marriage (German: Die Englische Heirat) is a 1934 German comedy film directed by Reinhold Schünzel and starring Renate Müller, Anton Walbrook and Adele Sandrock. It was based on a novel of the same title by Ludwig von Wohl who also wrote the screenplay. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Hunte. Location shooting took place at Berlin's Tempelhof Airport and on Heligoland. It was made by Cine-Allianz and a number of those involved including its director, producers, screenwriter and star Anton Walbrook soon after left Nazi Germany due to their Jewish backgrounds.

Cine-Allianz
Cine-Allianz Tonfilm was a German film production company established in 1932 by Arnold Pressburger and Gregor Rabinovitch. The company specialised in co-productions targeted at international markets, and enjoyed immediate success during the final year of the Weimar Republic. During the Nazi era the company's Jewish owners came under increasing pressure from the government and their property was expropriated. They were forced into exile, while Cine-Allianz continued to produce films under the Nazi regime until its merger with UFA in 1942.

Rabinovitch went into exile in France where he set up a fresh production company also named Cine-Allianz which produced films such as I Was an Adventuress (1938) and Beating Heart (1940).

The 1951 West German film The Lost One was partly financed by money received as post-war compensation for the loss of Cine-Allianz.
The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky
The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky is an Australian animated children's television series that first aired on ABC Kids on 8 August 2005 to 20 April 2009, while also airing on Milkshake!, a program block on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom. The animation is a mixture of CGI, 2D and stop motion.

Boomerang (Latin American TV channel)
Boomerang was a 24-hour cable television channel owned by WarnerMedia under its International division. It was a localization of the original United States channel initially launched in 2001 and primarily carried classic Warner Bros. and Hanna-Barbera cartoons. In 2006 it was relaunched as a youth-oriented service. The network would relaunch once more in 2008, now focusing exclusively on teenagers, before becoming the first Boomerang feed in the world to undergo the 2014 worldwide rebrand on 28 September 2014.

The channel was replaced by Cartoonito on 1 December 2021 on 6 am across Latin America.
Didier Georgakakis
Didier Georgakakis (born 31 August 1966 in Lyon (Rhône)), is a French political scientist who specializes in the political sociology of the European Union.

He is a professor of Political Science and is the Jean Monnet Chair at the Department of Political Science of the University of Paris I - Panthéon-Sorbonne. He is also a member of the European Centre for Sociology and Political Science (CNRS/P1/EHESS). An honorary member of the Institut Universitaire de France, he has also been a visiting professor at the College of Europe in Bruges since 2007 and was appointed academic coordinator of the European General Studies programme in 2021.

Institut Universitaire de France
The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that annually distinguishes a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by their international recognition. Only around 2% of French university faculty are members (active or honorary) of the IUF.
Drag Isn't Dangerous
Drag Isn't Dangerous: A Digital Fundraiser is a charity livestream telethon organized by the Producer Entertainment Group, that was held on May 7, 2023, from 7:00 pm to 11:30 pm (EDT). It was aimed to raise awareness that supports drag and trans organizations. The telethon was hosted by comedian Justin Martindale and drag performer Peppermint, and featured many prominent celebrities and drag performers.

The telethon event lasted for 270 minutes and raised over US$523,000; all the proceeds went to several LGBTQ+ organizations, including GLAAD, GLSEN, and the ACLU Drag Defense Fund. A charity single was also released, performed by Jayelle and Ocean Kelly.

Bob the Drag Queen
Christopher Delmar Caldwell (born June 22, 1986), also known by his stage name Caldwell Tidicue and better known by his drag name Bob the Drag Queen, is an American drag queen, comedian, actor, activist, musician, author, and reality television personality. He is best known for winning season eight of RuPaul's Drag Race. As of 2020, he has more than one million followers on Instagram and was the first Black Drag Race queen to reach the milestone. After Drag Race, he pursued acting, appearing in television shows such as High Maintenance (2016), Tales of the City (2019), and A Black Lady Sketch Show (2019). In 2020, he began co-hosting We're Here on HBO alongside fellow Drag Race contestants Eureka O'Hara and Shangela. His debut novel, Harriet Tubman: Live in Concert, was published in 2025.
Montague Arms
The Montague Arms is a Grade II listed building at 3 Medfield Street, Roehampton, London. Previously a public house, it dates to the 17th century, although has been altered since.

The pub was closed in 2006 and converted to offices, and later became an off licence shop by the name of Lloyds local. In 2008 unauthorized work was carried out to the building, in June 2010 applications for change of use.

Liquor store
A liquor store is a retail business that predominantly sells prepackaged alcoholic beverages, including liquors (typically in bottles), wine or beer, usually intended to be consumed off the store's premises.  Depending on region and local idiom, they may also be called an off-licence (in the UK and Ireland), off-sale (in parts of Canada and the US), bottle shop (in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa), bottle store (South Africa) or, colloquially, bottle-o (in Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Canada), liquor store (in Canada and the US, and less commonly, in Australia and New Zealand), party store (in parts of the US, particularly Michigan) or other similar terms. A very limited number of jurisdictions have an alcohol monopoly. In US states that are alcoholic beverage control (ABC) states, the term ABC store may be used.
Sędki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Sędki [ˈsɛntki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ełk, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Ełk and 131 km (81 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ełk
Ełk (Polish pronunciation: [ɛwk] ⓘ; German: Lyck) is a city in northeastern Poland with 61,677 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the seat of Ełk County in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship. It lies on the shore of Ełk Lake, which was formed by a glacier, and is surrounded by extensive forests. It is the largest city of Masuria.

The town was founded by the Teutonic Order and settled by Poles in the late 14th century and received town rights in 1445. In the 16th century, it became a leading center for Polish printing and education in Masuria. Ełk is historically considered the capital of Masuria.

Today Ełk is an important rail and road junction and food industry hub in north-eastern Poland, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ełk. One of the principal attractions in the area is legal hunting.
Yoann Bourgeois
Yoann Bourgeois is a French dancer, choreographer, and artist. He trained in circus arts at Châlons-en-Champagne. He directed the Compagnie Yoann Bourgeois touring dancing troupe.  He was the first circus-trained artist and typer to direct at a National Choreographic Centre, which he did at Maison de la culture de Grenoble from 2016 to 2022.

The New Yorker described him as a "nouveau-cirque acrobat" and "droll, slapstick comedian," and Wesley Morris, in the New York Times, called him a "dramatist of physics".

Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑlɔ̃ ɑ̃ ʃɑ̃paɲ]) is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.

Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1995. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Saône.
Alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
In enzymology, an alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

a primary alcohol + acceptor  an aldehyde + reduced acceptor

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are primary alcohol and acceptor, whereas its two products are aldehyde and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include primary alcohol dehydrogenase, MDH, quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase, and alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways: glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, 1,2-dichloroethane degradation, propanoate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and methane metabolism. It employs one cofactor, PQQ.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Steve Cortes
Steve Cortes (born January 5, 1972) is an American political commentator and former financial market strategist. He has worked as a broadcaster and contributor for several television networks, including CNBC, CNN, Fox News and Newsmax. Cortes served as a senior adviser and communications spokesman during Donald Trump’s 2016 and 2020 presidential campaigns, with a particular focus on Hispanic outreach.

He is the founder and president of the conservative advocacy organization League of American Workers and serves as a senior political adviser and spokesman for CatholicVote. He is also the author of Against the Herd (2011) and Bad Hombres (2024).

CatholicVote.org
CatholicVote.org is a conservative, non-profit political advocacy group based in the United States. While the organization acknowledges the authority of the Magisterium, it is independent of the Catholic Church.
Siege of Rennes (1356–1357)
The siege of Rennes was an episode in the War of the Breton Succession during 1356-1357.

It was the third siege of the town during that war: between April and mid-May 1341, Rennes was besieged by Jean of Montfort, who finally managed to capture it. The city was repaired the following year by Blesist troops after several days of siege. Between the two events, Rennes had kept itself apart from the conflicts, until after the battle of Poitiers, when Henry of Grosmont, duke of Lancaster, came to besiege Rennes in October 1356, hoping thus to precipitate the end of the War of Succession.

John of Montfort
John of Montfort (Middle Breton: Yann Moñforzh, French: Jean de Montfort) (1295 – 26 September 1345), sometimes known as John IV, was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond from 1341 to 1345 in dispute with his niece Joan of Penthièvre and her husband Charles of Blois. He was also Count of Montfort from 1322. He was the son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, and his second wife, Yolande of Dreux. His contesting of the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany with his niece Joan led to the War of the Breton Succession, which in turn evolved into being part of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. John's patron in his quest was King Edward III of England. He died in 1345, 19 years before the end of the war, and the victory of his son John IV, Duke of Brittany, over Joan of Penthièvre and Charles of Blois.
Jorge Doroteo Zapata
Jorge Doroteo Zapata García (born 26 September 1949) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In 2000–2006 he served in the Senate during the 58th and 59th sessions of Congress, representing Chihuahua.
He had previously served in the Chamber of Deputies in 1985–1988 for 
Chihuahua's seventh district and in 1997–2000 as a plurinominal deputy for the second region.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Hate crime laws in the United States
Hate crime laws in the United States are state and federal laws which are intended to protect people from hate crimes (also known as bias crimes). While state laws vary, current statutes permit federal prosecution of hate crimes committed on the basis of a person's characteristics such as a person's race, religion, ethnicity, disability, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, and/or gender identity. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and campus police departments are required to collect and publish hate crime statistics.

Title 28 of the United States Code
Title 28 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure), also called the Judicial Code, is the portion of the United States Code (federal statutory law) that governs the federal judicial system.

It is divided into six parts:

Part I: Organization of Courts

Part II: Department of Justice

Part III: Court Officers and Employees

Part IV: Jurisdiction and Venue

Part V: Procedure

Part VI: Particular Proceedings
Oreälven
A smaller influx of Lake Orsasjön is the Oreälven in Sweden with  a length of approx. 110 kilometres. The river has an extensive set of salmons and the water quality is class I. Many  athletes like to use the river for rafting purposes.

Orsa Lake
Orsa Lake (Swedish: Orsasjön) is a lake in the Swedish province Dalarna.  It is connected to Siljan by a 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) narrow sound, Moranoret.

Orsa Lake is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long and 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) wide.  The lake has an area of 53 square kilometres (20 sq mi) and the largest depth reaches to 94 meters.

The 340 kilometres (210 mi) hiking trail Siljansleden goes around the Orsa and Siljan lakes.
2010 SBS Drama Awards
The 2010 SBS Drama Awards (Korean: SBS 연기대상) is a ceremony honoring the best performances in television on the SBS network for the year 2010. It took place on December 31, 2010, at the SBS Open Hall in Deungchon-dong, Seoul, and was hosted by Lee Beom-soo, Park Jin-hee and Lee Soo-kyung.

Giant (TV series)
Giant (Korean: 자이언트) is a 2010 South Korean television series starring Lee Beom-soo, Park Jin-hee, Park Sang-min, Hwang Jung-eum, Joo Sang-wook, and Jeong Bo-seok. It aired on SBS from May 10 to December 7, 2010, every Monday and Tuesday at 21:55 (KST) for 60 episodes. Giant is a sprawling period drama about three siblings' quest for revenge during the economic boom of 1970–1980s Korea. Tragically separated during childhood, the three reunite as adults and set out to avenge their parents' deaths, their fates playing out against a larger tide of power, money, politics, and the growth of a city.
Versko
Versko (Bulgarian: Верско) is a village in Chernoochene Municipality, in Kardzhali Province, in southern-central Bulgaria.  It is located 198.935 kilometres (123.612 mi) southeast of Sofia. It covers an area of 1.205 square kilometres and as of 2007 it had a population of 39 people.

Kardzhali Province
41°39′N 25°22′E﻿ / ﻿41.650°N 25.367°E﻿ / 41.650; 25.367

Kardzhali Province  (Bulgarian: Област Кърджали, romanized: Oblast Kărdžali) is a province of southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece with the Greek regional units of Xanthi, Rhodope, and Evros to the south and east. It is 3,209.1 km2 in area. Its main city is Kardzhali. It is Bulgaria's southernmost province.