hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a method of introducing analytes into the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber via a semi-permeable membrane.  Usually a thin, gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane is used, for example polydimethylsiloxane.  Samples can be almost any fluid including water, air or sometimes even solvents.  The great advantage of the method of sample introduction is its simplicity.  MIMS can be used to measure a variety of analytes in real-time, with little or no sample preparation.  MIMS is most useful for the measurement of small, non-polar molecules, since molecules of this type have a greater affinity for the membrane material than the sample. The advantage of this method is that complex samples that cannot diffuse through the membrane are not incorporated into the mass spectroscopic measurements, highlighting the simplicity of only analyzing (small) molecules of interest.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Mary Wimbush
Mary Wimbush (19 March 1924 – 31 October 2005) was an English actress whose career spanned sixty years.

Active across film, television, theatre and radio, she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1969 film Oh! What a Lovely War. Her television credits included Poldark (1975–77), Jeeves and Wooster (1990–92), and Century Falls (1993). She played Julia Pargetter in BBC Radio 4's popular soap opera The Archers from 1992 until her death.

BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
Best Actress in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film.

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media. Since 1968, selected actresses have been awarded with the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role at an annual ceremony.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
Panca
Panca is best known as a genus of butterflies - Panca (butterfly) but also:

P-ANCA - Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies

Pânca, Bucerdea Grânoasă a village in Romania

Panka, Ukraine, a village in Ukraine

Panca (artist) AKA Paola Villaseñor an American muralist

Panca, a Spanish alternative spelling of the native Filipino bangka (boat)

Ají panca, Peruvian chilli pepper

Panka, Ukraine
Panka (Ukrainian: Панка; Romanian: Panca) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Storozhynets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From September 7, 1946 until April 6, 1995, the village was called Klyniwka (Ukrainian: Клинівка).

Until 18 July 2020, Panca belonged to Storozhynets Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Storozhynets Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.
Neuroscience of music
The neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music. These behaviours include music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, and other related activities. It also is increasingly concerned with the brain basis for musical aesthetics and musical emotion. Scientists working in this field may have training in cognitive neuroscience, neurology, neuroanatomy, psychology, music theory, computer science, and other relevant fields.

The cognitive neuroscience of music represents a significant branch of music psychology, and is distinguished from related fields such as cognitive musicology in its reliance on direct observations of the brain and use of brain imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Mathilde Muhindo
Mathilde Muhindo Mwamini (born c. 1954) was the Director of the Olame Centre, located in eastern Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She is a former member of the Parliament in the Democratic Republic of Congo. She was awarded the Human Rights Watch's Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism. She and her organisation fight  against discrimination and  sexual violence against women.

Bukavu
Bukavu is a city in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), lying at the extreme south-western edge of Lake Kivu, west of Cyangugu in Rwanda, and separated from it by the outlet of the Ruzizi River.  It is the capital of the South Kivu Province and as of 2012 it had an estimated population of 806,940.

In 2021 it has an estimated urban population of 1,133,000.
Dina Ellermann
Dina Ellermann (née Dina Radha'a; born 20 December 1980) is an Estonian dressage rider. She competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games, and at three European Dressage Championships (in 2015, 2017 and 2019). She competed at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, becoming the first Estonian equestrian to do so, and finished 49th individually.

Ellermann was born in Baghdad, Iraq to an Estonian mother and an Iraqi father. She graduated from secondary education from Tallinn 21st School in 2000 and in 2005 from Tallinn University, majoring in recreation management. She began training in equestrian sports at the age of 11.

Ellermann has been the Estonian national champion nine times (2012–20) and the Estonian interior champion six times (2008, 2016–20). She has been a member of the Estonian national team since 2008. Her current best international championship result is 49th place from the 2017 European Championships.

European Dressage Championships
The European Dressage Championships are the European championships for the equestrian discipline of dressage. They are held every two years in odd-numbered years. Gold, silver, and bronze medals are awarded in both individual and team competitions. There are also championships held for juniors, young riders, and ponies. Since 2015, the competition has shared a site and branding with vaulting, reining, jumping, and driving events. For sponsorship reasons, eventing is not included, as it is part of the FEI European Championships, echoing the combined World Equestrian Games concept. The first official combined event took place in Aachen in 2015.
Novaya Bykovka
Novaya Bykovka (Russian: Новая Быковка) is a rural locality (a village) in Vtorovskoye Rural Settlement, Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 252 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Kameshkovsky District
Kameshkovsky District (Russian: Ка́мешковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,090 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kameshkovo. Population: 30,862 (2021 census); 30,466 (2010 census); 37,961 (2002 Census); 42,298 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kameshkovo accounts for 39.0% of the district's total population.
Silvia Valsecchi
Silvia Valsecchi (born 19 July 1982) is an Italian former racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2021 for the Itera Team, Top Girls–Fassa Bortolo and Bepink. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence.

Bretagne Ladies Tour
Tour de Bretagne Féminin is a women's staged cycle race that takes place in Brittany in north-west France. The race was previously known as the Tour de Bretagne International Féminin in 2004 and Tour de Bretagne Féminin from 2007 through to 2019. In 2025, the race was cancelled over budgetary concerns.
Doctor Hormone
Doctor Hormone is a character created by Bob Bugg, who briefly appeared in comic books published by Dell Comics in the 1940s. Popular culture historian Ron Goulart calls him "one of the truly wacky creations of comics."

Ron Goulart
Ronald Joseph Goulart (/ˈɡuːlɑːrt/; January 13, 1933 – January 14, 2022) was an American popular culture historian and mystery, fantasy and science fiction author.

He worked on novels and novelizations (and other works) being published under various pseudonyms such as: Kenneth Robeson, Con Steffanson, Chad Calhoun, R. T. Edwards, Ian R. Jamieson, Josephine Kains, Jillian Kearny, Howard Lee, Zeke Masters, Frank S. Shawn, and Joseph Silva.
Field Island
Field Island is a Baffin Island offshore island located in the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. The island lies in Frobisher Bay, west of Waddell Bay, and southeast of Opera Glass Cape on the Hall Peninsula. Islands in the immediate vicinity include: Bruce Island to the northwest, Fletcher Island to the west, and Chase Island to the south.

Hall Peninsula
The Hall Peninsula is a peninsula on the southern end of Baffin Island, in Nunavut, Canada. It lies between Frobisher Bay on the west, and the Cumberland Sound on the east between 62°40'N and 65°10'W. The Hall Peninsula is part of the Arctic Tundra biome—the world's coldest and driest biome. The Blunt Peninsula extends off the southeastern part of the Hall Peninsula.

The Hall Peninsula includes the Chidliak Kimberlite Province, which had been found to include diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes.
Magnesia Prefecture
Magnesia Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Μαγνησίας) was one of the prefectures of Greece. Its capital was Volos. It was established in 1899 from the Larissa Prefecture. The prefecture was disbanded on 1 January 2011 by the Kallikratis programme, and split into the regional units of Magnesia and the Sporades.

The toponym is ancient to the region. Ore that attracts iron is common in Magnesia, which is the origin of words such as magnet and magnetism as well as the chemical elements magnesium, derived from the mineral magnesia alba, and manganese, derived from the mineral magnesia nigra via Latin.

Regional units of Greece
The 74 regional units of Greece are the country's third-level administrative units (counting decentralized administrations as first-level). They are subdivisions of the country's 13 regions, and are further divided into municipalities.

They were introduced as part of the Kallikratis administrative reform on 1 January 2011 and are comparable in area and, on the mainland, coterminous with the "pre-Kallikratis" prefectures of Greece.
Bell End
Bell End is a village in the English county of Worcestershire. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) south-east of Hagley on the A491, north of Bromsgrove and close to Kidderminster, Stourbridge and Halesowen. It lies in the local government District of Bromsgrove.

The village lies about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Belbroughton.

On the western side of the village is Bell Hall, a Victorian Gothic mansion on the site of the original manor house. It was built in 1847 for Charles Noel, later a High Sheriff of Worcestershire, by the architect Edward Smith of Oldswinford. In 2010 the property was offered for sale at £3.5 million.

The village shares its name with the British slang for the glans penis.

Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Situated on the River Stour, the town lies around 11 miles (18 kilometres) west of Birmingham,
at the southwestern edge of the Black Country conurbation. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2021 UK census recorded the town's population as 56,950.
Swimming at the 1999 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 1999 Pan American Games took place on 7 August at the Pan Am Pool. The last Pan American Games champion was Curtis Myden of Canada.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

Pan Am Pool
The Pan Am Pool is an indoor swimming facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada built for the 1967 Pan American Games. It is located in southwest Winnipeg and consists of three pools: two are used for competitive swimming and one is a children's "kiddie pool".
Querer Mejor
"Querer Mejor" (transl. "Wanting Better") is a song by Colombian musician Juanes featuring Canadian singer Alessia Cara. It was released as a single by Universal Music Latino on 24 May 2019. The song was written by Juanes, Cara, Rafa Arcaute, Tainy, Mau y Ricky and Camilo. The song reached number one in Colombia, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama, as well as the top 10 in Costa Rica, Ecuador and Guatemala.

Tainy
Marco Efraín Masís Fernández (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɾko efraˈim maˈsis feɾˈnandes]; born August 9, 1989), known professionally as Tainy, is a Puerto Rican record producer, songwriter and recording engineer. Born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he entered the world of reggaeton with his work on Mas Flow 2 by Luny Tunes. A repeated Grammy and BMI Award winner, Tainy has produced for artists including Wisin & Yandel, Janet Jackson, and Jennifer Lopez. His debut EP, Neon16 Tape: The Kids That Grew Up on Reggaeton (2020), consists of tracks with several other artists.
Perth Amboy Branch
Perth Amboy Branch could refer to several former railway lines:

the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Elizabethport and Perth Amboy Branch

Conrail's Chemical Coast Secondary, which incorporated the Central Railroad of New Jersey branch

the Lehigh Valley Railroad's Perth Amboy Branch

the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company's Perth Amboy and Woodbridge Branch

Perth Amboy and Woodbridge Railroad
The Perth Amboy and Woodbridge Railroad was a railroad company in the state of New Jersey. It was incorporated in 1855, and completed its line between Rahway and Perth Amboy, New Jersey, in 1864. The company became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system and was merged into the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company in 1958. Its line is part of the New Jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line.
Australia's Next Top Model season 10
The tenth and final season of Australia's Next Top Model began airing on 20 September 2016 on Fox8. Head judge and host Jennifer Hawkins and judge Alex Perry returned along with model mentor Cheyenne Tozzi. Tozzi's co-mentor and former judge Didier Cohen left the show after season 9, and was replaced by the Stenmark twins, models Jordan and Zac Stenmark, as her new co-mentors. Model Megan Gale joined the judging panel as a permanent judge.

The prizes for this season included a one-year modelling contract with Priscilla's Model Management in Sydney, a trip to New York City for New York Fashion Week valued at A$20,000 thanks to Colgate Optic White, a brand new Mazda2 Hatch, and an editorial spread in Elle Australia.

The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Aleyna FitzGerald from Newcastle.

Australia's Next Top Model
Australia's Next Top Model is an Australian reality television series which premiered on 11 January 2005 and concluded on 22 November 2016, and was based on Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model. It was broadcast on the Australian subscription television channel, Fox8.
Swat (princely state)
State of Swat (Urdu: رياست سوات) was a princely state that existed between 1915 and 1969 in the North-West Frontier Province. It was recognized as a princely state in alliance with the British Raj by the British colonial government in 1926. In 1947 the Wali of Swat acceded to the newly independent state of Pakistan. Swat continued to exist as an autonomous region until it was dissolved in 1969, and incorporated into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly North-West Frontier Province).

The area it covered is now divided among the present-day districts of Swat, Buner, Malakand, parts of Upper and Lower Dir, western parts of Indus Kohistan, and Shangla.

Upper Dir District
Upper Dir District (Pashto: پورتنۍ دیر ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع دیر بالا) is a district located in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Dir is its district headquarter. Geographically, it is located in the northern part of Pakistan. It borders with the Chitral district on the north, Afghanistan on the northwest, the Swat district on the east, and the Lower Dir district on the south. The District shares a 40 kilometer to 50 kilometer-grlong border with Afghanistan.
Kaisis Motor Company
Kaisis Motor Company (KMC) was a vehicle manufacturer in Cyprus, in business between 1973 and the late 1980s. The branding takes after the name of the founder, Andreas Kaisis, a local entrepreneur. KMC manufactured (in most cases assembled) trucks, buses, and many speciality vehicles such as ambulances, fire engines and airport vehicles (e.g. mobile stair vehicles). The first models were based on British Dennis models.

Dennis Specialist Vehicles
Dennis Specialist Vehicles was an English manufacturer of commercial vehicles based in Guildford, building buses, fire engines, lorries (trucks) and municipal vehicles such as dustcarts. All vehicles were made to order to the customer's requirements and more strongly built than mass production equivalents. For most of the 20th century the Dennis company was Guildford's main employer.

Following a decade of financial difficulties original shareholders sold out in 1972 and Dennis's ownership has since passed through quite a number of hands. No Dennis haulage trucks have been built since 1985. The last Dennis fire engine left the Guildford factory in 2007. The Woodbridge site was sold, and a new factory, built in Slyfield in 1991, remained in use by a lineal business descendant, bus-maker Alexander Dennis, until 2020, when it too was closed down.

The Dennis brand is still used on Alexander Dennis buses, Dennis Eagle dustcarts and Dennis mowers.
Murder of Cara Knott
Cara Evelyn Knott (February 11, 1966 – December 27, 1986) was an American student at San Diego State University who disappeared on December 27, 1986, while driving from her boyfriend's home in Escondido, California, to her parents' house in El Cajon. The following day, December 28, Knott's car was found on a dead-end road at the Mercy Road offramp from Interstate 15 in San Diego County. Her body was recovered at the bottom of a 65 ft (20 m) ravine nearby.

Knott's killer, Craig Alan Peyer (born March 16, 1950), was a police officer and thirteen-year veteran of the California Highway Patrol (CHP). At his trial, it was revealed that Peyer had been targeting women along the interstate and had made predatory sexual advances on multiple female drivers during traffic stops. He was convicted of Knott's murder in 1988.

Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (Nevis), gill or ghyll, glen, gorge, kloof (South Africa), and chine (Isle of Wight).

A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep (cross-sectional) sides, on the order of twenty to seventy percent in gradient. Ravines may or may not have active streams flowing along the downslope channel which originally formed them; moreover, often they are characterized by intermittent streams, since their geographic scale may not be sufficiently large to support a perennial stream.
William de Alburwyke
William de Alburwyke was an English medieval singer, college fellow,  and university chancellor.

William de Alburwyke was chantor of York in northern England. He was also at Merton College, Oxford and a Doctor of Divinity. He was Principal of Broadgates Hall, which later became Pembroke College, Oxford. Between 1324 and 1326, he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Cantor (Christianity)
In Christianity, the cantor, female chantress, sometimes called the precentor or the protopsaltes (Greek: πρωτοψάλτης, lit. 'first singer'; from Greek: ψάλτης, romanized: psaltes, lit. 'singer'), is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed at a church, with responsibilities for the choir and the preparation of the Mass or worship service. The term is also used for a similar task in Reform Judaism and in Ancient Egypt.

Generally, a cantor must be competent to choose and conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under them. A cantor may be responsible for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand(s) (cheironomia), similar to a conductor.
Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion
The Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion (Bokmål: Arbeids- og inkluderingsminister) is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. The position has existed since 1 January 1846, when the Ministry of the Interior was created. Several different names have been used since then, with three name changes after 2000. The incumbent minister is Kjersti Stenseng of the Labour Party since 2025. From 1992 to 2001 there was also a Minister of Health position in the ministry.

Government.no
Government.no (Norwegian: Regjeringen.no, Northern Sami: Ráđđehus.no) is the web portal for the Government of Norway. Operated by the Government Administration Services, it provides a range of information services related to each of the ministries, the Office of the Prime Minister, historical information and a large backlog of public documents.

The site was launched on 12 February 2007, replacing the former odin.dep.no site.
McKinley River
The McKinley River (Lower Tanana: Henteel no' Tl'o) is a 58-mile (93 km) tributary of the Kantishna River in central Alaska in the United States. It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks.  The river issues from Muldrow Glacier in the northern Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve, northeast of Denali. It flows through the tundra north of the Alaska Range in a generally northwest direction, joining Birch Creek to form the Kantishna River near Chilchukabena Lake.

The river was named McKinley Fork by A.H. Brooks in 1905. Other names or variants include Henteeth No' Tl'o and Hintusno' Dikats.

Tanana Valley
The Tanana Valley is a lowland region in central Alaska in the United States, on the north side of the Alaska Range, where the Tanana River emerges from the mountains. Traditional inhabitants of the valley are Tanana Athabaskans of Alaskan Athabaskans.