hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 Sandaun earthquake
On 9 September 2002, at 04:44:23 PGT (18:44 UTC on 8 September), a Mw 7.6 earthquake struck off the coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea. The largest earthquake to hit mainland Papua New Guinea since 1938, this shallow reverse earthquake damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes and buildings in Sandaun and East Sepik Provinces, mainly in the town of Wewak, killing six people and injuring 70 others. A local tsunami measuring 5 m (16 ft) high also caused damage to homes in the region.

Aitape
Aitape is a small town of about 18,000 people on the north coast of Papua New Guinea in the Sandaun Province. It is a coastal settlement that is almost equidistant from the provincial capitals of Wewak and Vanimo. Aitape has 240 V power (in general 24 hours), telephone, a bank, a post-office, a courthouse and a police station, a supermarket and many tradestores, a petrol station, two airstrips, two secondary schools, a mission office and a hospital.

Aitape was established as a train station by German colonists in 1905 as part of German New Guinea. During the Second World War the town was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army.
Screentone
Screentone is a technique for applying textures and shades to drawings, used as an alternative to hatching. In the conventional process, patterns are transferred to paper from preprinted sheets. It is also known by the common brand names Zip-A-Tone (1937, now defunct), Chart-Pak (1949), and Letratone (1966, from Letraset).

A dry transfer screentone sheet, sometimes informally known as a "tone", consists of a flexible transparent backing, the printed texture, and a wax adhesive layer. The sheet is applied to the paper, adhesive down, and rubbed with a stylus (also called a burnishing tool) on the backing side. The backing is then peeled off, leaving the ink adhered to the paper where pressure was applied.

Shading
Shading refers to the depiction of depth perception in 3D models (within the field of 3D computer graphics) or illustrations (in visual art) by varying the level of darkness. Shading tries to approximate local behavior of light on the object's surface and is not to be confused with techniques of adding shadows, such as shadow mapping or shadow volumes, which fall under global behavior of light.
Country Day School movement
The Country Day School movement is a movement in progressive education that originated in the United States during the late 19th century. Country Day Schools sought to recreate the educational rigor, atmosphere, camaraderie and character-building aspects of the best college-prep boarding schools, while allowing students to return to their families at the end of the day. To avoid the crime, pollution and health problems of the industrial cities of the early 20th century, the schools were sited in the 'country', where wealthy families owned large homes in areas that would later be known as suburbs.

Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.
Fourth Hughes ministry
The Fourth Hughes ministry (Nationalist) was the 14th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 7th Prime Minister, Billy Hughes. The Fourth Hughes ministry succeeded the Third Hughes ministry, which dissolved on 8 January 1918 following the resignation of Hughes as prime minister after a vote of no-confidence within the Nationalist Party in the wake of a failed second referendum on conscription. However, due to a lack of alternative leaders, Hughes was immediately re-commissioned as prime minister by Governor-General Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson. The ministry was replaced by the Fifth Hughes ministry on 3 February 1920 following the 1919 federal election.

Walter Massy-Greene, who died in 1952, was the last surviving member of the Fourth Hughes ministry.

1917 Australian conscription referendum
The 1917 Australian referendum was held on 20 December 1917. It contained one question.

Are you in favour of the proposal of the Commonwealth Government for reinforcing the Australian Imperial Force oversea?
6 (The Ex album)
6 is a collection of six singles by Dutch musical group The Ex. The singles were available in record shops and also through a subscription with a new one being issued every two months throughout 1991. Each of the singles explored different facets of The Ex's musical relationships and interests, featuring collaborations with an array of musicians and other artists. The 6 singles were not released on The Ex's CD collection, Singles. Period. The Vinyl Years 1980–1990 as they comprised an album to be collected and stored in a single box. The band announced plans to reissue the collection on CD in 2010, but have yet to do so.

Kamagurka
Luc Zeebroek (born 5 May 1956), better known as Kamagurka, is a Belgian cartoonist, playwright, comic strip artist, painter, comedian, comedic singer and television producer, known for the absurd nature of his work. He created various comic strip characters, but "Bert" is the most well known. He also writes the scenarios for Herr Seele's comic strip, Cowboy Henk.
Opizo Peak
Opizo Peak (Bulgarian: връх Опизо, romanized: vrah Opizo, IPA: [ˈvrɤx oˈpizo]) is the mostly ice-covered peak of elevation 1137 m near the west extremity of Avroleva Heights on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It has steep and partly ice-free north-northeast slopes, and surmounts Mitev Glacier to the northeast, Svetovrachene Glacier to the south and Doriones Saddle to the west-southwest.

The peak is named after the ancient Roman  station of Opizo in Southern Bulgaria.

Brabant Island
Brabant Island is the second largest island of the Palmer Archipelago within the British Antarctic Territory, lying between Anvers Island and Liège Island. Brabant Island is 59 km (37 mi) long north-south, 30 km (19 mi) wide, and rises to 2,520 m (8,268 ft) in Mount Parry.  The interior of the island is occupied by two mountain ranges, Solvay Mountains (Cook Summit, 1590 m) in its southern part and Stribog Mountains (summit Mount Parry) in its central and northern parts.

It was named by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899) under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it after the Belgian Province of Brabant, in recognition of the support given to the expedition by its citizens.

A paper summarizing the Joint Services expedition of 1984–1985 describes the island as "notoriously inhospitable" and states that there is evidence for only six visits between the discovery in 1898 and 1984.  Members of the expedition overwintered there in 1984–1985, and made the first ascent of Mount Parry.
Rob Graves (guitarist)
Rob Graves (1955 – June 28, 1990), also known as Rob Ritter, was an American guitarist and bassist, born in Detroit, Michigan. Graves was known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s punk scene in Los Angeles, performing with Bags, the Gun Club, 45 Grave, Thelonious Monster and the Loafin' Hyenas. Prior to relocating to LA in February 1978, Graves had played in Phoenix punk band the Exterminators.

Graves died in 1990 from a heroin overdose. Graves' death had a profound impact on the punk rock community, prompting Courtney Love to dedicate Hole's Pretty on the Inside to him. A 1990 memorial concert was held for Graves at the Roxy in West Hollywood, featuring three of the bands he had performed in.

Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood, California)
34°05′27″N 118°23′17″W﻿ / ﻿34.090781°N 118.387993°W﻿ / 34.090781; -118.387993

The Roxy Theatre (often just the Roxy) is a nightclub on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California, owned by Lou Adler and his son, Nic.
Harry Isted
Harvey James Duke Isted (born 5 March 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Forest Green Rovers.

He has also played for Southampton, Stoke City, Luton Town, Chesham United, Oxford City, Wealdstone, Barnsley, Charlton Athletic and Burton Albion.

Chesham United F.C.
Chesham United Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England. Nicknamed "the Generals", they are currently members of the National League South and play at the Meadow. They are sponsored by the Channel 4 programme Taskmaster.
GWR 1016 Class
The 1016 Class consisted of sixty double framed 0-6-0ST locomotives designed by George Armstrong and built at the Wolverhampton Works of the Great Western Railway between 1867 and 1871. Like the earlier 302 Class of Joseph Armstrong, the 1016s had 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m) wheels and a 15 ft 6 in (4.72 m) wheelbase, dimensions that would remain traditional for the larger GWR pannier tanks right through to Charles Collett's 5700 Class, and with little change to Frederick Hawksworth's 9400 Class of 1947.

Charles Collett
Charles Benjamin Collett OBE JP MInstCE MIMechE (10 September 1871 – 5 April 1952) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Great Western Railway from 1922 to 1941. He designed (amongst others) the GWR's 4-6-0 Castle and King Class express passenger locomotives.
Coat of arms of Central Java
The coat of arms of Central Java is in the form of a jug amrita (cupu manik) with a pentagonal base shape. Inside the symbol, there is a painting of the silhouette of the Borobudur temple, the sea and twin mountains, Bambu runcing, stars, rice and cotton. A motto is written at the bottom in Javanese: PRASETYA ULAH SAKTI BHAKTI PRAJA.

Amrita
Amrita (Sanskrit: अमृत, IAST: amṛta), Amrit or Amata in Pali, (also called Sudha, Amiy, Ami) is a Sanskrit word that means "immortality". It is a central concept within Indian religions and is often referred to in ancient Indian texts as an elixir. Its first occurrence is in the Rigveda, where it is considered one of several synonyms for soma, the drink of the devas. Amrita plays a significant role in the Samudra Manthana, and is the cause of the conflict between devas and asuras competing for amrita to obtain immortality.

Amrita has varying significance in different Indian religions. The word Amrit is also a common first name for Sikhs and Hindus, while its feminine form is Amritā. Amrita is cognate to and shares many similarities with ambrosia; both originated from a common Proto-Indo-European source.
Jacqueline Tasioulas
Jacqueline A. Tasioulas (born April 1968) is a Scottish scholar of literature, specialising in medieval literature and early Tudor literature, including Chaucer and The Makars.

She is Professor of Medieval English and Scots at the Faculty of English, University of Cambridge, and fellow and senior tutor of Clare College, Cambridge. In December 2025, it was announced that she had been elected the next principal of Newnham College, Cambridge.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.
Hiss (electromagnetic)
Electromagnetic hiss is a naturally occurring Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency electromagnetic wave (i.e., 300 Hz – 10 kHz) that is generated in the plasma of either the Earth's ionosphere or magnetosphere. Its name is derived from its incoherent, structureless spectral properties which, when played through an audio system, sound like white noise (hence the onomatopoetic name, "hiss").

Very low frequency
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers). Due to its limited bandwidth, audio (voice) transmission is highly impractical in this band, and therefore only low-data-rate coded signals are used. The VLF band is used for a few radio navigation services, government time radio stations (broadcasting time signals to set radio clocks) and secure military communication. Since VLF waves can penetrate at least 40 meters (130 ft) into saltwater, they are used for military communication with submarines.
Midlandvale, Alberta
Midlandvale is a community within the Town of Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. It was previously a hamlet within the former Municipal District of Badlands No. 7 (then Improvement District No. 7) prior to being annexed by Drumheller in 1972. Now referred to as Midland by the Town of Drumheller, the community is located within the Red Deer River valley on North Dinosaur Trail (Highway 838), approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Drumheller's main townsite.

Red Deer River
The Red Deer River is a river in Alberta and a small portion of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is a major tributary of the South Saskatchewan River and is part of the larger Saskatchewan / Nelson system that empties into Hudson Bay.

The river has a total length of 724 km (450 mi) and a drainage area of 45,100 km2 (17,400 sq mi). Its mean discharge is 70 m3/s (2,500 cu ft/s).

The river is named for the translation of a native term for the river, wâwâskêsiw sîpiy, which means "elk river" in the Cree language. "Red deer" was an alternative name for elk, referring to a closely related Eurasian species.

Communities located along the Red Deer River include Sundre, Red Deer, Drumheller, and Empress, The city of Brooks, as well as Dinosaur Provincial Park, are also located in the Red Deer River Basin. A glacial flood about 18,000 years ago eroded out a portion of this basin and apparently all or most of the scenic badlands bearing the dinosaur and other Cretaceous fossils.
Democracy and Progress Party
The Democracy and Progress Party (Turkish: Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi, DEVA) is a Turkish political party founded on 9 March 2020 under the leadership of Ali Babacan, a former economy minister under the AKP. The official abbreviation is "DEVA" (Remedy in Turkish) according to the party records. The party's logo is a water droplet, inside a silhouette of sapling.

Ministry of Economy (Turkey)
The Ministry of Economy (Turkish: Ekonomi Bakanlığı) was a government department responsible for the economic affairs of the Republic of Turkey. It was established following the 2011 general election with Justice and Development Party (AKP) Member of Parliament Zafer Çağlayan being appointed as the first Minister of the Economy.

In 2018, this ministry was merged with the Ministry of Customs and Trade forming the new Ministry of Trade.
Church of Abreha wa-Atsbeha
The Church of Abreha wa-Atsbeha (sometimes spelt Abreha we Atsbeha) was built in East Tigray, around 15 km from Wukro, in the 4th century by Abreha and Atsbeha. Their bodies are claimed to be entombed in the church. At one time the church served as a monastery but now operates as a parish church. Paul B. Henze visited the church in the 1970s where he was told the ceiling was blackened by soot due to Queen Gudit setting a fire in the building nine centuries earlier.

Paul B. Henze
Paul Bernard Henze (29 August 1924, Redwood Falls – 19 May 2011, Culpeper) was a writer, Central Intelligence Agency operative and American broadcaster with Radio Free Europe. Henze was the CIA station chief for Ethiopia and Turkey during the 1960s and 1970s.

Henze graduated from St. Olaf College and Harvard University. During the Carter Administration he served as a deputy to National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He was encouraged Zbigniew Brzezinski in the formation of the Nationalities Working Group in 1978, of which Henze was appointed head. Influenced by his friend Alexandre Bennigsen, this group advocated the promotion of Islamism as a tool for undermining Soviet hegemony in Central Asia.

Henze wrote The Plot to Kill the Pope in which advocated the view that the Soviet Union was involved in an assassination attempt on John Paul II in 1981.
Spilosoma urticae
Spilosoma urticae, the water ermine, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in temperate belt of the Palearctic realm like similar Spilosoma lubricipedum, but prefers drier biotopes. So, S. urticae is more abundant in steppes and it is the single Spilosoma species in Central Asia.

The wingspan is 38–46 mm. The length of the forewings is 18–22 mm. Hindwings always without black dots. Antennae branches are very short in males, they are equal and not more than twice longer than the antenna stem diameter (this is the best distinguishing character from Spilosoma lubricipeda). The moth flies April to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Rumex hydrolapathum, Mentha aquatica, Iris pseudacorus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Jacobaea vulgaris and Pedicularis sylvatica.

Mentha aquatica
Mentha aquatica (water mint; syn. Mentha hirsuta Huds.) is a perennial flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae.  It grows in moist places and is native to much of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.
Pancotto
Pancotto is an Italian soup prepared with pieces of stale bread boiled in broth or water and seasoned.

It is a dish from the cuisine of recovery that recalls peasant culture that would not waste bread, present in all regions of Italy with many variations due to the type of bread, the liquid used, and the cooking process. As a consequence, it has many names, such as Lombard panada, Ligurian pancheuto, and Sardinian pane cottu.

In the past, especially in Lombardy and Tuscany, it was used to promote lactation and it was served to convalescents.

Cuisine of Sardinia
The cuisine of Sardinia is the traditional cuisine of the island of Sardinia. It is characterised by its own variety and by the fact of having been enriched through a number of interactions with the other Mediterranean cultures while retaining its own identity.

Sardinia's food culture is strictly divided into food from the land and food from the sea, reflecting the island's history and geography. Sardinian cuisine is considered part of the Mediterranean diet, a nutritional model that was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.
BrandAds
BrandAds is an online video analytics company based in Emeryville, California. It produces BrandAds Bridge, a tool for advertisers that measures the success of online video campaigns using more than 30 performance metrics such as gross rating point (GRP), viewability, time spent, brand lift by demographic segment, social lift and social sentiment.

Online video analytics
Online video analytics (also known as Web video analytics) is the measurement, analysis and reporting of videos viewed online. It is used for the purposes of understanding the consumption patterns (behavioral analysis) and optimizing viewing experience (quality of service analysis).

Online video analytics differs from traditional television analytics because it can be measured using census-based methods instead of panel-based metrics. Every event that a viewer does while watching a video online can be captured and analyzed precisely.

A research done on YouTube videos suggests that: the more information given by the title/description of a video, the less views it generate; the more intensive negative emotion of the title of the video, the more views it generate.
1st Reconnaissance Squadron
The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is a United States Air Force squadron, assigned to the 9th Operations Group, Beale Air Force Base, California.

The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is the United States military's oldest flying unit, first established on 5 March 1913. The squadron has maintained an unbroken heritage of over a century from its founding. Originally organized in anticipation of a potential breach in security along the border between the United States and Mexico, General John J. Pershing directed the 1st Aero Squadron to become the first tactical aviation unit to participate in American military action. The 1st RS has flown 47 different aircraft while being stationed worldwide at 52 locations, including 4 stints at sea.

Since 1922 the 1st Squadron has been associated with the 9th Bomb Group and the USAF 9th Reconnaissance Wing, where it continues to be an active flying training unit operating the Lockheed U-2 and the RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance aircraft.

Surveillance aircraft
Surveillance aircraft or observation aircraft are aircraft used for aerial surveillance. They are primarily operated by military forces and government agencies in roles including intelligence gathering, maritime patrol, battlefield and airspace surveillance, observation (e.g. artillery spotting), and law enforcement.

Surveillance aircraft usually carry limited defensive armament, if any. They do not require high-performance capability or stealth characteristics and may be modified civilian aircraft. Surveillance aircraft have also included moored balloons (e.g. TARS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Yingao Road station
Yingao Road (Chinese: 殷高路; pinyin: Yīngāo Lù) is a metro station on Line 18 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Yingao Road and North Guoquan Road along the boundary of Baoshan District with Yangpu District in the city of Shanghai, the station was opened with the rest of phase one of Line 18 on December 30, 2021. During the planning stage of Line 18, the station was known as North Guoquan Road (simplified Chinese: 国权北路; traditional Chinese: 國權北路; pinyin: Guóquán Běilù).

Yangpu, Shanghai
Yangpu (Chinese: 杨浦区) is one of the 16 districts of Shanghai. It is located in the northeastern part of downtown Shanghai, bordering the Huangpu River on the east and south, Hongkou on the west, and Baoshan on the north. The southern part of Yangpu District is 4 km (2.5 mi) away from The Bund, a major tourist attraction. It is predominantly composed of residential communities, with a total area of 60.61 km2 (23.40 sq mi) and a population of 1,242,548 as of 2020. The district administers 12 subdistricts.
Georges de Tribolet
Georges de Tribolet (20 December 1830 in Neuchâtel – 18 May 1873) was a Swiss geologist. He was the older brother of geologist and paleontologist, Maurice de Tribolet (1852–1929).

He studied chemistry at the University of Giessen as a pupil of Justus von Liebig, then continued his education at Zurich, where he studied chemistry, botany and geology, with geologist Arnold Escher von der Linth being an important influence to his career. In 1853 he received his PhD from the University of Heidelberg with a dissertation on porphyritic rocks. Following graduation, he furthered his education in Paris and Berlin, returning in 1855 to Neuchâtel, where he worked as a geologist and museum curator.

While a student, he travelled extensively, conducting geological excursions in the Harz and Jura Mountains, the Alps and throughout the Black Forest. He is best remembered for his investigations of the Cretaceous terrain of the Jura, with the Neocomian strata being a specific subject of research.

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.