hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Itzikl Kramtweiss
Itzikl Kramtweiss (c. 1878 - 1958) or Krantweiss, also known by the anglicized name Isadore Krantweiss, was a Russian-born American klezmer musician and recording artist of the early twentieth century. He was leader of the Broder Kapelle, a popular klezmer orchestra in Philadelphia which made recordings for the Victor Recording Company in the late 1920s.

Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.
Moscovian age
The Moscovian is in the ICS geologic timescale a stage or age in the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Moscovian age lasted from 315.2 to 307 Ma, is preceded by the Bashkirian and is followed by the Kasimovian. The Moscovian overlaps with the European regional Westphalian stage and the North American Atokan and Desmoinesian stages.

System (stratigraphy)
A system in stratigraphy is a sequence of strata (rock layers) that were laid down together within the same corresponding geological period. The associated period is a chronological time unit, a part of the geological time scale, while the system is a unit of chronostratigraphy. Systems are unrelated to lithostratigraphy, which subdivides rock layers on their lithology. Systems are subdivisions of erathems and are themselves divided into series and stages.
2014 Latrobe City Traralgon ATP Challenger 1
The 2014 Latrobe City Traralgon ATP Challenger 1 was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard court. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Traralgon, Australia between 27 October – 2 November 2014. It was the first of two Traralgon Challengers in 2014.

Jarmere Jenkins
Jarmere Jenkins is a retired American professional tennis player who became the hitting partner for Serena Williams. He was the 2013 Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) National Player of the Year and male ACC Athlete of the Year after earning the national championships in indoor singles, outdoor doubles and team competition while also finishing runner up in outdoor singles. He was the first Atlantic Coast Conference athlete to win ACC athlete of the year solely for tennis accomplishments. In his first full year as a pro, he cracked the top 200 in the 2014 year end rankings at 193, but the costs of travel became prohibitive for him and he retired in 2017.
Rancho Cañada del Rincon en el Rio San Lorenzo
Rancho Cañada del Rincon en el Rio San Lorenzo was a 5,827-acre (23.58 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz County, California given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena, and confirmed in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico, to Pedro Sainsevain.  The name means "valley on a corner on the San Lorenzo River".  The grant was north of present-day Santa Cruz on the San Lorenzo River.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Bovine immunodeficiency virus
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a retrovirus belonging to the genus Lentivirus.  It is similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and infects cattle.  The cells primarily infected are lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages.

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
Photinia davidiana
Photinia davidiana, the Chinese photinia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to Asia, ranging from central and southern China to northern Vietnam, Taiwan, northern Sumatra, and Mount Kinabalu on Borneo. Its flowers are white and grow in close clusters, followed by small pome fruits.

It is grown as an ornamental plant, and has been introduced to North America as a garden plant.

Two varieties are accepted.

Photinia davidiana var. davidiana – central and southern China, northern Vietnam, Taiwan, northern Sumatra, and Mount Kinabalu

Photinia davidiana var. undulata (Decne.) Long Y.Wang, W.Guo & W.B.Liao – central and southern China and northern Vietnam

The species was first described as Stranvaesia davidiana by Joseph Decaisne in 1874. In 2019 it was placed in genus Photinia as Photinia davidiana.

Joseph Decaisne
Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an aide-naturaliste to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of Victor Jacquemont (1801–1832) from Asia. Decaisne used applied research, most notably on the agronomy of the madder, the yam and the ramie. He was also interested in algae.
SUCRE
The SUCRE ([ˈsukɾe]; Spanish: Sistema Unitario de Compensación Regional, "Unified System for Regional Compensation") was a  regional currency proposed for commercial exchanges between members of the regional trade bloc Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), which was created as an alternative to the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). The SUCRE was intended to replace the US dollar as a medium of exchange.

Petro (token)
The petro (₽), or petromoneda, launched in February 2018, was a crypto token issued by the government of Venezuela.

Announced in December 2017, it was supposed to be backed by the country's oil and mineral reserves, and was intended to supplement Venezuela's plummeting hard bolívar currency, as a means of circumventing U.S. sanctions and accessing international financing. On 20 August 2018, the sovereign bolívar was introduced, with the government stating it would be linked to the petro coin value.

As of January, 2020, Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro decreed it mandatory to pay with petro for government document services and airplane fuel for planes flying international flights.

On January 15, 2024, the token was shut down and any remaining holdings were liquidated.
Hawzen
Hawzen (Tigrinya: ሓውዜን, also transcribed as Hawzien or Hauzien) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone of the Tigray Region (or kilil), this town has a latitude and longitude of 13°58′N 39°26′E﻿ / ﻿13.967°N 39.433°E﻿ / 13.967; 39.433 with an elevation of 2105 meters above sea level. Its market day is Wednesday. It is the largest settlement in Hawzen woreda.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
The Girl and the Spider
The Girl and the Spider (German: Das Mädchen und die Spinne) is a 2021 Swiss drama film written and directed by Ramon and Silvan Zürcher. The film centres on Mara (Henriette Confurius) and Lisa (Liliane Amuat), two women who have been living together, and portrays the emotional complications as Lisa moves out to a new apartment.

The film premiered in the Encounters program at the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, where the Zürchers won the award for Best Director in the program alongside Denis Côté for Social Hygiene (Hygiène sociale). It had its North American premiere at the 46th Toronto International Film Festival.

Denis Côté
Denis Côté (born November 16, 1973) is a Canadian independent filmmaker and producer living in Quebec, of Brayon origin. His experimental films have been shown at major film festivals around the world.
Restaldi
Restaldi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ari Renaldi, Indonesian music producer, composer, arranger, sound and mixing engineer, music director and musician

Francesco Renaldi (1755–1798 or later), English-born painter

Gerald Renaldi, 16th-century Irish Roman Catholic archdeacon

Richard Renaldi (born 1968), American portrait photographer

Francesco Renaldi
Francesco Renaldi (c. 1755 – c. 1798 or later) was an English painter.

Renaldi entered the Royal Academy Schools in London in October 1776, aged twenty-one. For two years after 1781, Renaldi traveled in Italy, initially with the Welsh landscape painter Thomas Jones.  Renaldi was active as a painter in India from 1786 to 1796. Works painted by Renaldi in India include Muslim Lady Reclining (1789), inscribed as being painted at "Dacca" (i.e. Dhaka) (now in the Yale Center for British Art), and a portrait of the British East India Company's Paymaster General Charles Cockerell and his Wife, Maria Tryphena, and her Sister, Charlotte Blunt (1789) (sold at Christie's, London, 17 March 1978, lot 62).

After his return from India, Renaldi exhibited a conversation piece group portrait of Thomas Jones and his family at the Royal Academy in 1798 (now in the collection of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales).
Professional snooker career of Ronnie O'Sullivan
Ronnie O'Sullivan started his professional snooker career in 1992 and is widely considered one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. His play and accomplishments are described by some peers and pundits as being the greatest in the modern era of snooker. O'Sullivan is a seven-time world champion, and holds many records, including the fastest maximum break in professional competition; the highest number of century breaks; the highest number of maximum breaks, and the most Triple Crown event titles (23).

Ali Carter
Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won six ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.
Flag of Hawaii
The flag of Hawaii (Hawaiian: Ka Hae Hawaiʻi), also known as the Hawaiian flag, is the official flag of the U.S. state of Hawaii. It consists of a field of eight horizontal stripes, in the sequence of white, red, blue, white, red, blue, white, red, with a British Union Jack depicted as a canton in the upper-left corner. The flag has been in use since 1845.

The use of the Union Jack is a legacy of the British Royal Navy's historical relations with the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and, in particular, the pro-British sentiment of its first ruler, King Kamehameha I. The kingdom was never formally part of the British Empire. The flag design was retained after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, after U.S. annexation in 1898, and after statehood in 1959.

State flag
In vexillology, a state flag is either the flag of the government of a sovereign state (and can also be referred as a government flag and likely interchangeable with a national flag in certain scenarios), or the flag of an individual federated state (subnational administrative division).
Pinoxepin
Pinoxepin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name P-5227; pinoxepin hydrochloride (USANTooltip United States Adopted Name)) is an antipsychotic of the tricyclic group with a dibenzoxepin ring system which was developed in the 1960s but was never marketed. It was found in clinical trials to have effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia similar to that of chlorpromazine and thioridazine. The drug has marked sedative effects but causes relatively mild extrapyramidal symptoms.

Ring (chemistry)
In chemistry, a ring is an ambiguous term referring either to a simple cycle of atoms and bonds in a molecule or to a connected set of atoms and bonds in which every atom and bond is a member of a cycle (also called a ring system). A ring system that is a simple cycle is called a monocycle or simple ring, and one that is not a simple cycle is called a polycycle or polycyclic ring system. A simple ring contains the same number of sigma bonds as atoms, and a polycyclic ring system contains more sigma bonds than atoms.

A molecule containing one or more rings is called a cyclic compound, and a molecule containing two or more rings (either in the same or different ring systems) is termed a polycyclic compound. A molecule containing no rings is called an acyclic or open-chain compound.
Beginnings (Trevor Rabin album)
Beginnings is the debut studio album by South African musician and singer-songwriter Trevor Rabin, released in 1977 on RPM Records. The original version has never been re-released. In 1978, the album was reissued as Trevor Rabin by Chrysalis Records. The Chrysalis version lost the songs Could There Be and Love Alive while adding the track Love Life. It was reissued in 2003 by Voiceprint Records.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
Ponticola
Ponticola is a genus of gobies native mostly to fresh waters of the Black Sea - Caspian Sea region in Eurasia. Some species occur in the brackish-water Black and Caspian seas themselves. It was considered to be part of the broader goby subfamily Benthophilinae, also endemic to the same region, although the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not list any subfamilies in the Gobiidae. Originally, Ponticola was described as subgenus of Neogobius.

Neogobius
Neogobius is a genus of gobies, native to Black Sea and the Caspian Sea basins. It is part of the broader Benthophilinae subfamily which is also endemic to the same region. Nevertheless, two Neogobius species have recently turned out to be highly invasive and spread across Europe and even to the Great Lakes of North America.
2022 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open – Women's singles
Heather Watson was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019 as part of the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, but lost in the second round to Chloé Paquet.

Valentini Grammatikopoulou won the title, defeating Lucia Bronzetti in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Kurumi Nara
Kurumi Nara (奈良 くるみ, Nara Kurumi; born 30 December 1991) is a Japanese former professional tennis player.

In her career, she won one singles title on the WTA Tour, with seven singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 August 2014, she achieved her career-high singles ranking of world No. 32. On 2 May 2016, she peaked at No. 109 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Japan Fed Cup team, Nara has a win–loss record of 12–8.
Fabiola Martínez (handballer)
Fabiola Martínez (born 30 May 1995) is a Puerto Rican handball player who plays for the club Santa Isabel Handball. She is member of the Puerto Rican national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
Holta
Holta is a small farming village in the municipality of Strand in Rogaland county, Norway. The farm is situated on the northern hills overlooking the lake Bjørheimsvatn. It is approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northeast of the village of Tau and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village of Fiskå.  The city of Stavanger lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Holta (via the Ryfylke Tunnel that goes under a large fjord).

On 9 August 1961, the Holtaheia Accident took place as a Vickers VC.1 Viking passenger aeroplane, G-AHPM operated by Cunard Eagle Airways, transporting schoolboys from The Archbishop Lanfranc School in Thornton Heath, London, crashed into the mountainside above the farm (Holtaheia). A total of 34 students, two teachers and three crew members were killed.

British Eagle
British Eagle International Airlines was a major British independent airline that operated from 1948 until it went into liquidation in 1968. It operated scheduled and charter services on a domestic, international and transatlantic basis over the years.
Séamas Ó Maoileoin
Séamas Ó Maoileoin (19 December 1893 – 8 March 1959) was an Irish volunteer in the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and later an author. He was described as being one of Michael Collins’ most trusted agents.

Volunteer (Irish republican)
A volunteer is a member of various Irish republican paramilitary organisations. Among these have been the various forms of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), and the Irish People's Liberation Organization (IPLO). Óglach is the equivalent title in the Irish language.
7.5 cm KwK 40
The 7.5 cm KwK 40 (7.5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 40) was a German 75 mm Second World War era vehicle-mounted gun, used as the primary armament of the German Panzer IV (F2 model onwards) medium tank and the Sturmgeschütz III (F model onwards) and Sturmgeschütz IV assault guns which were used as tank destroyers.

The design of the KwK 40 was adapted from the similar towed anti-tank gun, the 7.5 cm Pak 40. It replaced the 7.5 cm KwK 37 with its 24-calibre barrel, providing a huge improvement in firepower for mid-war tank designs. It came in two versions, 43 ("L/43") and 48 ("L/48") calibres long barrels, the former used during 1942 and early 1943, and the latter after that point. Along with the Pak 40, the KwK 40/StuK 40 was the most numerous anti-tank gun of the German army, and remained an effective weapon until the war's end.

Sturmgeschütz IV
The Sturmgeschütz IV (StuG IV) (Sd.Kfz. 167) was a German assault gun variant of the Panzer IV used in the latter part of the Second World War. It was identical in role and concept to the highly successful StuG III assault gun variant of the Panzer III. Both StuG models were given a tank destroyer role in German formations and tactical planning in the last two years of the war, greatly augmenting the capability of the dwindling tank force available to the German army on the Eastern and Western fronts.
Dudin
Dudin  (Дудин ['dudʲin], with its female form Dudina (Дудина)) is a Russian surname derived from the Russian word дудка for "fife", "pipe" that is also present in the Russian diaspora.
Notable people with the name Dudin/Dudina include:

Aleksei Dudin (born 1977), former Russian footballer

Ann Dudin Brown (1822–1917), English philanthropist

Mariia Dudina (born 1998), Russian handballer

Nedal Dudin (1974-2023),

Consultant TRACE Consulting Ltd

Marwan Dudin (1936–2016), Jordanian government minister

Mikhail Dudin (1916–1993), Russian poet

Nikolai Dudin (born 1973), Soviet-Russian serial killer

Samuil Dudin (1863–1929), Russian ethnographer, photographer, artist and explorer

Valery Dudin (born 1963), Soviet-Russian luger

Yelena Dudina, Soviet-Russian canoer

Pipe (instrument)
A pipe is a tubular wind instrument in general, or various specific wind instruments. The word is an onomatopoeia, and comes from the tone which can resemble that of a bird chirping .

With just three holes, a pipe's range is obtained by overblowing to sound at least the second or the third harmonic partials.
USS Hazleton
USS Hazleton (SP-1770) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from August to December 1918.

Hazleton was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1917 by the Great Lakes Boat Building Corporation at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On 19 September 1917, the U.S. Navy chartered her from her owner, G. B. Markle of Hazleton, Pennsylvania, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. Enrolled in the Naval Coast Defense Reserve at Milwaukee, she was taken to Newport, Rhode Island to be fitted out for naval service. She was commissioned at Newport as USS Hazleton (SP-1770) on 25 August 1918.

Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England, Hazleton served as a dispatch boat in the Newport area for the rest of World War I. The Navy returned her to Markle on 10 December 1918.

Hazleton, Pennsylvania
Hazleton is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 29,963 at the 2020 census. Hazleton is the second-most populous city in Luzerne County. It was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857, and as a city on December 4, 1891.

Hazleton is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Allentown, 82 miles (132 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia and 106 miles (171 km) west of New York City.
Geisha Stakes
Geisha Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in April since 1973 primarily at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore or at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel. To be eligible for the Geisha Handicap, a horse must be bred in Maryland. Due to that restriction the race is classified as a non-graded or "listed" stakes race and is not eligible for grading by the American Graded Stakes Committee.

In 2012 the Geisha Stakes is run at one mile. The race was run at 1+1⁄16 miles for its first 30 years in existence from 1973–2003. The race was run on the turf one year in 1988.

In its 39th running in 2010, the race was named in honor of Alfred G. Vanderbilt's Geisha, a Maryland-bred daughter of Discovery and bred by John P. Grier. She was foaled at the famed Sagamore Farm in Glyndon, Maryland in 1943. She was bred to Preakness Stakes winner Polynesian and produced Native Dancer in 1950, one of the greatest race horses and sires of the 20th century.

Glyndon, Maryland
Glyndon is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1871 by Dr. Charles A. Leas, the village is located in the northwest section of Baltimore County and is primarily a residential suburb of metropolitan Baltimore City. Glyndon is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1973) and on the Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties (1973); the Glyndon Historic District was also designated as the first historic district in Baltimore County (1981). Glyndon is also known for its yearly 4th of July parade.