hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1917 Swiss stamp duty referendum
A referendum on stamp duty was held in Switzerland on 13 May 1917. Voters were asked whether they approved of amending articles 41bis and 42 lit d of the constitution, which covered stamp duty. The proposal was approved by a majority of voters and cantons.

Stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax that is levied on single property purchases or documents (including, historically, the majority of legal documents such as cheques, receipts, military commissions, marriage licences and land transactions). Historically, a physical revenue stamp had to be attached to or impressed upon the document to show that stamp duty had been paid before the document was legally effective. More modern versions of the tax no longer require an actual stamp.

The duty is thought to have originated in Venice in 1604, being introduced (or re-invented) in Spain in the 1610s, the Spanish Netherlands in the 1620s, France in 1651, and England in 1694.

German economist Silvio Gesell proposed in 1891 that demurrage currency could be enabled by stamp duties, which would in turn stimulate economic growth. Gesell referred to this monetary policy as Freigeld.
Roseiflexus castenholzii
Roseiflexus castenholzii is a heterotrophic, thermophilic, filamentous anoxygenetic phototroph (FAP) bacterium. This species is in one of two genera of FAPs that lack chlorosomes. R. castenholzii was first isolated from red-colored bacterial mats located Nakabusa hot springs in Japan. Because this organism is a phototroph, it utilizes photosynthesis to fix carbon dioxide and build biomolecules. R. castenholzii has three photosynthetic complexes: light-harvesting only, reaction center only, and light-harvesting with reaction center.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a special form of photosynthesis used by some bacteria, which differs from the better known oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria in the reductant used (e.g. hydrogen sulfide instead of water) and the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen).

Unlike oxygenic phototrophs that only use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide, anoxygenic phototrophs can use both the Calvin cycle and the reverse TCA cycle to fix carbon dioxide. Additionally, unlike its oxygenic counterpart that predominantly uses chlorophyll, this type of photosynthesis uses the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) to utilize light as an energy source. A precursor to oxygenic photosynthesis but having been developed after chemolithoautotrophy, anoxygenic photosynthesis uses one of two reaction centers while oxygenic photosynthesis uses both type I and type II reaction centers.
1967 NSWRFL season
The 1967 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 60th season of Sydney's professional rugby league football competition, Australia's first. The introduction of the Cronulla-Sutherland and Penrith clubs saw a total of twelve teams from across the Sydney area compete for the J.J. Giltinan Shield and WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between South Sydney and Canterbury-Bankstown. This was also the first live televised broadcast of a football grand final of any code in Australia.

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
Edwin van Calker
Edwin van Calker (born 14 June 1979 in Gasselternijveenschemond, Drenthe) is a Dutch bobsledder who has competed since 2001. His best Bobsleigh World Cup finish was third in the two-man event at St. Moritz in January 2010.

Van Calker's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 14th in the two-man event at St. Moritz in 2007.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, van Calker finished 14th in the two-man event while withdrawing from the four-man event over safety concerns at the Whistler Sliding Centre.

Prior to his bobsledding career, he competed in sprinting and hurdling events: at the 1995 European Youth Olympic Days he was fourth in the 110 metres hurdles and a bronze medallist in the 4×100 metres relay.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
The Neighbors (2012 film)
The Neighbors (Korean: 이웃사람; also known as My Neighbor) is a 2012 South Korea mystery thriller film starring Kim Yunjin in the lead role. In the film, residents of an apartment building suspect that one of their neighbors may be a serial killer responsible for the murder of a residing family's daughter. As the victim's stepmother investigates, the killer begins to target another young girl.

Based on Kang Full's eponymous webtoon, the film sold over 2.43 million tickets, becoming the highest grossing film among the movie adaptations of Kang Full's works.

Webtoon
Webtoons (Korean: 웹툰; RR: Weptun) are a type of episodic digital comics that originated in South Korea usually meant to be read on smartphones. While webtoons were mostly unknown outside of South Korea during their inception, there has been a surge in popularity internationally thanks to the easy online accessibility and variety of free digital comics. Today, Webtoons make roughly $5.91 billion globally.
In the country, as digital comics have emerged as a popular medium, print publication of comics has decreased. The amount of material published in webtoon form has now reached an equal amount as that published offline.
Tsukuriyama Kofun (Yosano)
The Tsukuriyama Kofun cluster (作山古墳群) is a group of Kofun period burial mounds, located in the Yosano neighborhood of the town of Yosano, Kyoto in the Kansai region of Japan. The group consists of five tumuli which were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1930.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Lyuh Woon-hyung
Lyuh Woon-hyung (Korean: 여운형; Hanja: 呂運亨; 25 May 1886 – 19 July 1947), also known by his art name Mongyang (몽양; 夢陽), was a Korean independence activist and reunification activist.

Lyuh was a prominent figure in the Korean Provisional Government (KPG) and participated in the creation of the February 8 Declaration of Independence during the Japanese colonial period. He is rare among politicians in modern Korean history for being revered in both South and North Korea.

Sohn Kee-chung
Sohn Kee-chung (Korean: 손기정; Korean pronunciation: [son.kidʑʌŋ]; August 29, 1912 – November 15, 2002) was a Korean Olympic athlete and long-distance runner. He became the first  Korean to win a medal at the Olympic Games, winning gold in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. He was born in the Korean Peninsula, but he was forced to compete as a member of the Japanese delegation because Korea was under Japanese rule at the time. Sohn set an Olympic record of 2 hours 29 minutes 19.2 seconds.

Sohn competed under the Japanese name Kitei Son, as Korea was under Japanese occupation during his career.
Kállai
Kállai is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ákos Kállai (born 1974), Hungarian modern pentathlete

Ernő Kállai (1890–1954), Hungarian art critic

Ferenc Kállai (1925–2010), Hungarian film actor

Gábor Kállai (1959–2021), Hungarian chess grandmaster

Gyula Kállai (1910–1996), Hungarian politician

Kevin Kállai (born 2002), Hungarian footballer, brother of Zalán

Lipót Kállai (1912–1989), Hungarian footballer

Mária Kállai (born 1957), Hungarian politician

Norbert Kállai (born 1984), Hungarian footballer

Zalán Kállai (born 2004), Hungarian footballer

Zoltán Kállai (born 1984), Hungarian artistic gymnast

Mária Kállai
Mária Kállai (born in Szolnok, Hungary on 5 December 1957) is a Hungarian public education leader, lecturer and politician. She is a member of National Assembly of Hungary (Országgyűlés) since 8 May 2018. She is a member of Fidesz.
Jaydev Shah
Jaydev Niranjan Shah (born 4 May 1983) is an Indian former cricketer. Jaydev is the son of Niranjan Shah, former cricketer and ex-secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, and represented Saurashtra cricket team in India's domestic circuit. He has the distinction of captaining Saurashtra to victory in the 2007-08 Vijay Hazare Trophy, the team's first ever national-level title. He was recruited by the Rajasthan Royals for the Indian Premier League 2008 edition, but never played, and has also represented Rajasthan Cricket Association President's XI in the past.

On 21 October 2016, he became the first captain of Saurashtra to score a double century, when he made 217 runs in their Ranji Trophy match against Maharashtra.

In December 2018, he announced that he would retire from all cricket following the Saurashtra's match against Karnataka in round five of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy. He made match winning 97 runs in his final professional game against Karnataka.

Rajasthan Cricket Association
The Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA) is the governing body for cricket in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Headquartered in Jaipur, the RCA oversees the administration of cricket at the state level, including the selection and management of the Rajasthan cricket team, which competes in domestic tournaments such as the Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. The RCA is affiliated with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Matthew Pitt
Matthew Pitt (bap. 1 September 1576 – 18 April 1624) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1622, and again in 1624.

Pitt was the son of Richard Pitt of Cricket Malherbie, Somerset. He became a merchant of Weymouth. He was chief magistrate of the town in 1610 and in 1619. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. He was an alderman of Melcombe Regis in 1623. He was again elected to represent Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in 1624, but died on 18 April 1624.

Pitt married  firstly Christian Barnard, daughter of John Barnard of Shepton Mallet. He married secondly Philippa, daughter and coheir of John Daniel of Beaminster, Dorset. His sister Amy married James Strode of Shepton Mallet.  His eldest daughter Elizabeth married Francis Crossing before her father's death.

Shepton Mallet
Shepton Mallet is a market town and civil parish in Somerset, England, some 16 miles (26 kilometres) southwest of Bath, 18 miles (29 kilometres) south of Bristol and 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) east of Wells. It had an estimated population of 10,810 in 2019. Mendip District Council was based there. The Mendip Hills lie to the north and the River Sheppey runs through the town, as does the route of the Fosse Way, the main Roman road between north-east and south-west England. There is evidence of Roman settlement. Its listed buildings include a medieval parish church. Shepton Mallet Prison was England's oldest, but closed in March 2013. The medieval wool trade gave way to trades such as brewing in the 18th century. It remains noted for cider production. It is the closest town to the Glastonbury Festival and nearby the Royal Bath and West of England Society showground.
Tony Maxwell
Anthony D. Maxwell (born June 3, 1968) is an American musician. From 1991 to 1997, he was the drummer for the band that dog., for which he also played for a 2019 reunion album, Old LP. After the breakup of the band, he worked as composer on the films Chuck & Buck and The Good Girl. He is also a frequent collaborator with director Spike Jonze; He was one of the dancers in Weezer's "Buddy Holly" video directed by Jonze himself, he played the Dog character, named Charles, in Jonze's video for Daft Punk's "Da Funk" and "Fresh", he choreographed the Dance of Despair in Jonze's Being John Malkovich, and he was Nicolas Cage's body double in Jonze's Adaptation.

Being John Malkovich
Being John Malkovich is a 1999 American surrealist fantasy comedy drama film directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman, both making their feature film debut. The film stars John Cusack, Cameron Diaz, and Catherine Keener, with John Malkovich as a version of himself. Cusack plays a puppeteer who finds a portal that leads into Malkovich's mind.

Released by USA Films, the film received widespread acclaim, with praise for its writing and direction, and grossed $23 million against a $13 million budget. The film was nominated in three categories at the 72nd Academy Awards: Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actress for Keener. The film ranked 441st on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest films of all time, while Malkovich's performance is ranked number 90 on Premiere's "100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time".
Silke Renk
Silke Renk (born 30 June 1967 in Querfurt, Bezirk Halle) is a retired German javelin thrower.

She represented East Germany at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where she finished fifth, and at the 1990 European Championships where she finished fourth.

She then experienced her career highlight as she won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Renk won with a throw of 68.34 meters, defeating Natalya Shikolenko, who took home the silver medal, and compatriot Karen Forkel.

The next year she finished sixth at the 1993 World Championships. She withdrew from the 1994 European Championships because of knee injury problems, and never reached another international final despite starting at the 1995 World Championships and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Her personal best was 71.00 metres with the old javelin type, achieved in June 1988 in Rostock. This ranks her third among German javelin throwers, only behind Petra Felke (who held the world record) and Antje Kempe.

Querfurt
Querfurt (German: [ˈkveːɐ̯fʊʁt] ⓘ) is a town in the Saalekreis district, or Kreis, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is located in a fertile area on the Querne, 18 miles (29 km) west from Merseburg. In 2020, the town had a population of 10,454. The town Querfurt consists of Querfurt proper and the following 8 Ortschaften or municipal divisions: Gatterstädt, Grockstädt, Leimbach, Lodersleben, Schmon, Vitzenburg, Weißenschirmbach and Ziegelroda.

Querfurt is known as the birthplace of Saint Bruno of Querfurt.
Chukchu
Chukchu (Quechua for malaria) is the name of a festival and a satirical dance of the Andes region in Peru. The festival is held annually on August 25 in the Santo Tomás District of the Chumbivilcas Province in the Cusco Region. The dance is performed on festivals dedicated to the patron saints (fiestas patronales) of communities in the provinces of Anta, Canchi, Chumbivilcas, La Convención and Paucartambo. The figures represented in the dance are sick persons, nurses, doctors, assistants and mosquitos. Members of the Chukchu troup may wear sickly masks, that represent plantation house slaves who became infected with malaria in the jungle. Their choreography includes throwing flour on crowd in imitation of the spread of disease.

La Convención province
La Convención is the largest of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru.

As part of the higher-altitude Amazon basin at the foot of the Andes, La Convención is one of three Peruvian provinces that prominently figure in national coffee production, the other being Chanchamayo province in Junín and Jaén province in Cajamarca.
Richetia cuspidata
Richetia cuspidata is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. It is native to Sarawak and western Kalimantan, where it grows in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest up to 600 meters elevation. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable, and populations are known to occur in the Bako and Lambir Hills.

Borneo lowland rain forests
The Borneo lowland rain forests is an ecoregion, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, of the large island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It supports approximately 15,000 plant species, 380 bird species and several mammal species. The Borneo lowland rain forests is diminishing due to logging, hunting and conversion to commercial land use.
Vedat İnceefe
Vedat İnceefe (born 1 April 1974 in Bandırma, Balıkesir) is a retired Turkish football player.

He played for Soma Sotesspor (1992–1994), Karabükspor (1994–1996), Galatasaray (1996–2000 and 2000–2003), İstanbulspor (2000), Vestel Manisaspor (2003–2006), Bursaspor (2006) and now Karabükspor.

He played for Turkey national football team and was a participant at the 1996 UEFA European Championship.

Balıkesir
Balıkesir (Turkish pronunciation: [baˈlɯcesiɾ]) is a city in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Balıkesir Province, which is also a metropolitan municipality. As of 2022, the population of Balıkesir Province is 1,257,590, of which 314,958 in the city proper (the urban part of the districts Altıeylül and Karesi). Between 1341 and 1922, it was the capital of Karasi.
Listed buildings in Dethick, Lea and Holloway
Dethick, Lea and Holloway is a civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England. The parish contains 36 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, five are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Dethick, Lea, and Holloway, and the surrounding area.  Most of the listed buildings are country houses, smaller houses, cottages, and associated structures.  The other listed buildings include churches and chapels, a public house, farmhouses and farm buildings, and a bridge.

Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire, England, taking its name from the River Amber. Its council is based in Ripley. The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby. The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance the headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery.

The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope.

The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice.
Hope River (West Coast)
The Hope River is a river in the southern part of the West Coast region of New Zealand, being the southernmost of three rivers named Hope in the South Island. It flows west for 15 kilometres, reaching the Tasman Sea 25 kilometres north of Big Bay.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Grimmen Formation
The Grimmen Formation is a Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) geological formation in northeastern Germany, primarily exposed in the Grimmen and Klein Lehmhagen clay pits and documented in wells such as Reinberg 1E. Formally established in 2025, it was previously part of the informal "Green Series" of the Ciechocinek Formation. It represents a prodelta to brackish-marine depositional system in the eastern North German Basin (NGB), shaped by sea-level changes and the Toarcian anoxic event.

Pliensbachian
The Pliensbachian is an age of the geologic timescale and stage in the stratigraphic column. It is part of the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series and spans the time between 192.9 ±0.3 Ma and 184.2 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Pliensbachian is preceded by the Sinemurian and followed by the Toarcian.

The Pliensbachian ended with the extinction event called the Toarcian turnover. During the Pliensbachian, the middle part of the Lias was deposited in Europe. The Pliensbachian is roughly coeval with the Charmouthian regional stage of North America.
Marquette, Manitoba
Marquette is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Woodlands in the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada.  It is located approximately 46 kilometres (29 miles) northwest of Winnipeg.

Interlake Region
The Interlake Region is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba that lies roughly between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba.

The region comprises 14 rural municipalities, one city (Selkirk), six towns (Arborg, Riverton, Stonewall, Gimli, Teulon and Winnipeg Beach), and one village (Dunnottar). The largest population centre in the region is Selkirk, and the second largest is the town of Stonewall.

Argyle is a small hamlet that is located on the Principal Meridian of Canada, near the middle of the Interlake Region. 
Sandy Hook is located between Winnipeg Beach and Gimli, a popular summer vacation spot.