hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Design Piracy Prohibition Act
The Design Piracy Prohibition Act, H.R. 2033, S. 1957, and H.R. 2196, were bills of the same name introduced in the United States Congress that would have amended Title 17 of the United States Code to provide sui generis protection to fashion designs for a period of three years.  The Acts would have extended protection to "the appearance as a whole of an article of apparel, including its ornamentation," with "apparel" defined to include "men's, women's, or children's clothing, including undergarments, outerwear, gloves, footwear, and headgear;" "handbags, purses, and tote bags;" belts, and eyeglass frames.  In order to receive the three-year term of protection, the designer would be required to register with the U.S. Copyright Office within three months of going public with the design.

Sui generis
Sui generis is a Latin phrase that means "of its/their own kind" or "in a class by itself", therefore "unique". It denotes an exclusion to the larger system an object is in relation to.

Several disciplines use the term to refer to unique entities. These include:

Biology, for species that do not fit into a genus that includes other species (its own genus)

Creative arts, for artistic works that go beyond conventional genre boundaries (its own genre)

Law, when a special and unique interpretation of a case or authority is necessary (its own special case)
Intellectual property rights, for types of works not falling under general copyright law but protected through separate statutes
Laws of war, for types of actions that are argued to be legal due to exceptional circumstances in conflict

Philosophy, to indicate an idea, an entity, or a reality that cannot be reduced to a lower concept or included in a higher concept (its own category)
Valcho Stoev
Valcho Stoev Khristov (Bulgarian: Вълчо Стоев Христов; born 20 January 1952 in Ovcharovo, Haskovo Province) is a Bulgarian former shot putter who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He was a gold medallist at the 1975 European Athletics Indoor Championships and the 1977 Universiade. He also won a bronze medal at the 1975 Universiade and was a finalist at the European Athletics Championships in 1974 and 1978, finishing ninth both times. He was a six-time champion at the Balkan Games between 1973 and 1980.

Before taking his European indoor title, he had finished sixth in 1975 and fourth in 1976. He finished his career with a personal best of 20.72 m (67 ft 11+1⁄2 in) He was a four-time national champion indoors and a five-time champion outdoors (mostly finishing behind Nikolai Khristov).

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
Victor Rallo
Victor Rallo is an American restaurateur and wine critic in New Jersey. On July 6, 2013, his public television show Eat! Drink! Italy! with Vic Rallo premiered.  He owns and runs Birravino in Red Bank, New Jersey, and Undici Taverna Rustica in Rumson, New Jersey.  He has published two wine books, Napoleon Wasn't Exiled   and 21 Wines.  He created an online "wine community" called Rallo Wines with wine expert Anthony Verdoni. He recently opened a chain of Barbecue restaurants called "Surf".

Rallo's father ran a Newark pizzeria and other eateries in New Jersey, including a restaurant in West Orange. Victor is a graduate of Villanova University and has a J.D. from Seton Hall Law School in New Jersey.  He lives in Fair Haven with his wife, Kari, and their three children, Jake, Jack and Eli. Eli, his oldest daughter, is an author and social media influencer with over one million online followers.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Thames Water Ring Main
The Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM, formerly the London Water Ring Main) is a system of approximately 80 km (50 mi) of concrete tunnels which transfer drinking water from water treatment works in the Thames and River Lea catchments for distribution within central London.

A major part of London's water supply infrastructure, the initial ring was constructed by Thames Water between 1988 and 1993 at a cost of £248 million (equivalent to £638 million in 2023), and when completed, it was the longest tunnel in the UK. Two extensions were constructed between 2007 and 2010.

Battersea
Battersea is a large district in southwest London, part of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross and also extends along the south bank of the Thames Tideway. It includes the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Battersea Park.
Diana (Saint-Gaudens)
Diana – also known as Diana of the Tower – is an iconic statue by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, representing the goddess Diana. Once a major artistic feature of New York City, the second version stood atop the tower of Madison Square Garden from 1893 to 1925. Since 1932, it has been in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Cultural icon
A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. When individuals perceive a cultural icon, they relate it to their general perceptions of the cultural identity represented. Cultural icons can also be identified as an authentic representation of the practices of one culture by another.

In popular culture and elsewhere, the term "iconic" is used to describe a wide range of people, places, and things. Some commentators believe that the word "iconic" is overused.
Huanggang Normal University
Huanggang Normal University (HGNC; 黄冈师范学院; 'Huanggang Teachers College') is a provincial public undergraduate college in Huanggang, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hubei and sponsored by the Hubei Provincial People's Government. Despite the English name, the college has not been granted university status by the Ministry of Education of China.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.
Alpine Ice Centre
Alpine Ice (also known as Alpine Ice Sports Centre) is an indoor ice sports and public skate centre, that opened in April 1985. It is located in the New Zealand city of Christchurch, in the inner-city suburb of Opawa. It is the current home venue of the Canterbury Red Devils in the New Zealand Ice Hockey League (NZIHL) and Canterbury Inferno in the New Zealand Women's Ice Hockey League (NZWIHL). The arena is the only operational indoor ice sports centre in Christchurch.

New Zealand Ice Hockey League
The New Zealand Ice Hockey League (NZIHL) is New Zealand's top-level ice hockey league. Established in 2005 by Guenther Birgel, the NZIHL is sanctioned by New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation (a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation). The NZIHL is an amateur league with players not paid to play. The NZIHL champion is awarded the Birgel Cup. The NZIHL is currently contested by six teams from three affiliated regions, including three teams from the North Island and three teams from the South Island. The most successful team in NZIHL history is the SkyCity Stampede, who have claimed eight NZIHL championships. The current champion, from 2024, is the SkyCity Stampede.
Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte
Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte (transl. Those that have not sinned, may cast stones) is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language satirical film written and directed by Shambhu Purushothaman and produced by Sanju S. Unnithan. The film features an ensemble cast of Vinay Forrt, Tini Tom, Srinda Arhaan, Santhy Balachandran, Arun Kurian, Anumol, James Elias, Alencier Ley Lopez and Anil Nedumangad. The music was composed by Prashant Pillai and background score by Dawn Vincent. The film was Purushothaman's second directorial after Vedivazhipadu (2013).

Vedivazhipadu
Vedivazhipadu is a 2013 Malayalam sex comedy film, written and directed by Shambu Purushothaman in his directorial debut. The cast includes Indrajith Sukumaran, Murali Gopy, Saiju Kurup, Anumol, Sreejith Ravi, Anusree and Mythili. The film was produced by director Arun Kumar Aravind under the banner of Karmayug Movies. Award-winning cinematographer Shehnad Jalal, Shambu's classmate from SRFTII, cranked the camera, while Bijibal scored the background music.

Vedivazhipadu depicts the events in a time frame of 24 hours on the Pongala festival day at the Attukal Temple. The film mired in controversy as the Censor Board had issues with the content  and denied a censor certificate. It was later given an Adults Only Certificate by the Censor Board  and released on 12 December 2013.
Edward S. Shapiro
Edward Stanford Shapiro (born 1938) is a historian of American history and American Jewish history. He received his BA at Georgetown University and his PhD at Harvard University. His doctoral dissertation was The American Distributists and the New Deal. Most of Shapiro's career was spent as professor of American history at Seton Hall University. He is the father of historian Marc B. Shapiro and cousin of equestrian Neal Shapiro.

Shapiro has been a resident of West Orange, New Jersey, since 1969.

West Orange, New Jersey
West Orange is a suburban township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 48,843, an increase of 2,636 (+5.7%) from the 2010 census count of 46,207, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 census.

West Orange is both an inner-ring suburb of New Jersey's largest city, Newark, and a commuter suburb of New York City; it is approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Manhattan. West Orange was home to the inventor Thomas Edison, who also maintained a laboratory and workshop in town.
Mineral Ridge National Recreation Trail
47°36′33″N 116°38′40″W﻿ / ﻿47.609075°N 116.644348°W﻿ / 47.609075; -116.644348

Mineral Ridge National Recreation Trail is a backcountry hiking area near Lake Coeur d'Alene in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States.  It is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Construction began on the trail in 1963 and the area was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 1982. There is a self-guided interpretive tour along the 3.3-mile (5.3 km) trail.

Backcountry
In geography, a backcountry, back country or backwater is a geographical area that is remote, undeveloped, isolated, or difficult to access. These areas are typically rural or mountainous and sparsely populated.
Cinderella (i5 song)
"Cinderella" is a song recorded by the Cheetah Girls and released as their debut single from their self-titled 2003 soundtrack album The Cheetah Girls.

It was originally recorded by the girl group i5, from their 2000 self-titled album. It was subsequently covered by Play and later by The Cheetah Girls. It officially premiered on Radio Disney on July 23, 2003. The single was released officially on August 12 the same year. The song has a pop sound and was written by Lindy Robbins and Kevin Savigar.

The Cheetah Girls (soundtrack)
The Cheetah Girls is the soundtrack album to the 2003 Walt Disney Pictures movie of the same name. It was released on August 12, 2003, on compact disc and audio cassette by Walt Disney Records. The album was produced by Antonina Armato, Ray Cham, Tim James and executive produced by Debra Martin Chase and Whitney Houston. The album features appearances from Sonic Chaos, Char, and Hope 7.

The album was certified Double Platinum in the United States on June 7, 2005, after selling more than 2 million copies in the US alone. It is one of the biggest selling albums from Walt Disney Records ever, along with the High School Musical soundtrack and the Hannah Montana season 1 soundtrack.
Tilakpur railway station
Tilakpur railway station is an intermediate station in Akkelpur Upazila of Joypurhat District, Bangladesh.

The north-south railway line between Chilahati and Sara (on the Padma River near Paksey) was constructed between 1874 and 1879. Tilakpur station is 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Akkelpur and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Santahar Junction.

By 1892, a new station building at Tilakpur was in progress or complete. The "low, squat building" was undamaged by the 1897 Assam earthquake.

Sometime between 2008 and 2014, the station closed due a manpower shortage at Bangladesh Railway. It remained closed in November, 2020.

By early 2023 the station had reopened, and late that year was being renovated.

Chilahati railway station
Chilahati railway station (Bengali: চিলাহাটি রেলওয়ে স্টেশন) is a border railway station in Bangladesh, situated in Nilphamari District, in Rangpur Division. It is an active railway transit point on the Bangladesh-India border.
Emslandlager
Emslandlager ("Emsland camps") were a series of 15 moorland labor, punitive and POWs-camps, active from 1933 to 1945 and located in the districts of Emsland and Bentheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. The central administration was set in Papenburg. From 1985 to 2011, the history of these camps was memorialized in the Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Emslandlager in Papenburg. As of November 2011, this role has been taken over by the Gedenkstätte Esterwegen (Esterwegen Memorial).

In Emslandlager VII camp, seven Belgian Freemasons and resistance fighters founded Liberté chérie in 1943, one of the very few Masonic lodges established within a Nazi concentration camp.

Liberté chérie
Liberté chérie (French for "Cherished Liberty") was a  Masonic Lodge founded in 1943 by imprisoned freemasons at Esterwegen concentration camp. It was one of the few lodges of Freemasons founded within a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War.
Courthouse station (Utah Transit Authority)
Courthouse station is a light rail station in Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, serviced by all three lines of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak community of South Jordan. The Green Line provides service from the Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City (via Downtown Salt Lake City).

Downtown Salt Lake City
Downtown (also called City Center) is the oldest district in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The grid from which the entire city is laid out originates at Temple Square, the location of the Salt Lake Temple.
Relational view
In management, the relational view by Jeffrey H. Dyer and Harbir Singh is a theory for considering networks and dyads of firms as the unit of analysis to explain relational rents, i.e., superior individual firm performance generated within that network/dyad. This view has later been extended by Lavie (2006).

Harbir Singh
Harbir Singh is an American economist, currently the Co-Director, Mack Institute for Innovation Management and Mack Professor of Management at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and formerly the Edward H. Bowman Professor, from 1999 to 2005.
Gênes
Gênes (French pronunciation: [ʒɛn] ⓘ) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy. It was named after the city of Genoa. It was formed in 1805, when the Ligurian Republic (formerly the Republic of Genoa) was annexed directly to France. Its capital was Genoa.

The department was disbanded after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. It was followed by a brief restoration of the Ligurian Republic, but at the Congress of Vienna the old territory of Genoa was awarded to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Its territory is now divided between the Italian provinces of Genoa, Piacenza, Alessandria and Pavia.

Province of Piacenza
The province of Piacenza (Italian: provincia di Piacenza) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. It has a population of 287,542.

It borders Lombardy (the provinces of Lodi, Cremona, and Pavia) to the north, Lombardy (the province of Pavia) and Piedmont (the province of Alessandria) to the west, the province of Parma to the east, and Liguria (the metropolitan city of Genoa) to the south.
Monier Ventilation Shaft 1
Monier Ventilation Shaft 1 is a heritage-listed ventilation shaft at 500 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Joseph Monier and built c. 1904. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998.

Teneriffe, Queensland
Teneriffe is an inner suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north-east of the CBD. In the 2021 census, Teneriffe had a population of 5,520 people.

Teneriffe was once an important wool trading hub and was the location of Australia's largest submarine base in World War II. The suburb was absorbed into Newstead in 1975, but re-established as a separate suburb in 2010.

In 2016, Teneriffe had a generally young and high-income demographic, and in 2018 was one of Brisbane's most expensive suburbs with a median house price in 2017 of over A$2 million. Residents have access to a riverside lifestyle, restaurants and extensive amenities.
Cliff Banham
Cliff Banham is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Banham made his full All Whites debut in a 9–0 win over Fiji on 14 September 1952 and ended his international playing career with four A-international caps to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 5–3 win over Tahiti on 28 September 1952.

Tahiti national football team
The Tahiti national football team (French: Équipe de football de Tahiti; Tahitian: Te pŭpŭ tu'e popo a te fenua Tahiti) represents French Polynesia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Tahitian Football Federation. The team consists of a selection of players from French Polynesia, including Tahiti; they have competed in the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) since 1990.

Tahiti is traditionally one of the stronger footballing nations of the Pacific Islands, with the second-best record at the Pacific Games, winning five gold medals. They were runners-up in the first three editions of the OFC Nations Cup (1973, 1980, 1996). Tahiti eventually won the competition in 2012, becoming the first team other than Australia and New Zealand to win the title. The feat qualified Tahiti to the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup held in Brazil.
Võ Duy Nam
Võ Duy Nam (born 15 May 1986 or 28 June 1986) is a Vietnamese footballer. He plays for Hồ Chí Minh City which is playing in V-League.

He was called to Vietnam national under-23 football team to attend 2007 SEA Games.

Then, was called to Vietnam national football team at the friendly matches against China PR, Hong Kong and Mozambique.

China national football team
The China national football team (simplified Chinese: 中国国家足球队; traditional Chinese: 中國國家足球隊; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā zúqiú duì), recognised as China PR by FIFA, represents China in men's international association football and is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA).

China won the EAFF East Asian Cup in 2005 and 2010, was runner-up at the AFC Asian Cup in 1984 and 2004, and made its sole FIFA World Cup appearance in 2002, losing all matches without scoring a goal.
Peter Turney
Peter Turney (September 22, 1827 – October 19, 1903) was an American politician, soldier, and jurist, who served as the 26th governor of Tennessee from 1893 to 1897. He was also a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1870 to 1893, and served as the court's Chief Justice from 1886 to 1893. During the Civil War, Turney was colonel of the First Tennessee Regiment, one of the first Tennessee units to join the Confederate Army.

As governor, Turney ended the state's controversial convict lease system and enacted other prison reform measures. His second term was marred by the 1894 gubernatorial election, which he won only after the state's Democratic-controlled legislature threw out thousands of votes for his opponent, Henry Clay Evans.

Governor of Tennessee
The governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is the only official in the Tennessee state government who is directly elected by the voters of the entire state.

The current governor is Bill Lee, a member of the Republican Party, who took office on January 19, 2019, as the state's 50th governor. He was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022.
Starlight Theatre (TV series)
Starlight Theatre is a 30-minute American television anthology series of romantic stories that aired on CBS from April 2, 1950, to October 4, 1951. Forty-nine episodes aired. In 1950-1951 it alternated with The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show.

Guest stars that appeared include Mary Sinclair, Julie Harris, Barry Nelson, Eve Arden, John Forsythe,  Melvyn Douglas, Jackie Cooper, George Reeves, Jean Stapleton, Felicia Montealegre Bernstein, and Franchot Tone.

Felicia Montealegre Bernstein
Felicia Montealegre Bernstein (née Felicia María Cohn Montealegre; February 6, 1922 – June 16, 1978) was an American actress born in Costa Rica.

Montealegre appeared in televised dramas and theatrical roles. She also performed with symphony orchestras in dramatic acting and narrating roles. Her collaborators included her husband Leonard Bernstein.
Alexandrovka, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast
Alexandrovka (Russian: Александровка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Alexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 797 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Talovsky District
Talovsky District  (Russian: Та́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeastern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,910 square kilometers (740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Talovaya. Population: 35,173 (2021 Census); 42,603 (2010 Census); 47,221 (2002 Census); 51,278 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Talovaya accounts for 31.7% of the district's total population.

The Russian Federal Nature Preserve Kamennaya Steppe is located in Talovsky District.